Big Bold Powerlines. Studio II / EKA Urban Studies 2016-2017

STUDIO II BIG BOLD POWER LINES

ARHITEKTUURNE PROJEKTEERIMINE STUDIO PROJECT 15.1-20.5 2017

Studio Task The electrical power lines running from North Tallinn to South-West Tallinn cut through a significant part of the city. The imminent removal of the lines will have an impact on the remaining infrastructure that is literally “all over the map”. With the opportunity to remove the visible part of the infrastructure and free the land for future developments, two attitudes prevail: Should the inert logic of the existing context be interpolated through the reclaimed land, providing a seamless integration of past scenarios? It would be an attempt towards full blend-in with the context. Or, will this situation be the start of another infrastructure and provide the municipality with the much needed space (and exceptionally huge plot of land) for fuelling future visions of development, growth and urban planning in East-Tallinn? Replacing one alien infrastructure with a potential other.

The studio focuses on vision-making and visionary thinking on the scale that spans the city, starting with understanding the core spatial qualities and functions and a representation of a city-wide structure. A vision competition of sorts – the general task for the studio is to illustrate a vision that can be executed on the site in the foreseeable / unforeseeable future. The students are confronted with the question: how can this former infrastructure space be integrated into the future of Tallinn? Furthermore, the focus is on illustrating such visionary ideas through collages, diagrams and drawings. As a sidetrack to the task at hand, the studio will look at some pivotal visionary urban projects and the origins of these ideas as case studies.

The main task is to understand the split Tallinn at the most global scale, citing and investigating BIG BOLD zones of pivotal importance around the powerline.

Starting from a “cigarette pack sketch”, the students have to boil a reading of the city to a bare minimum visual representation, with the development of the powerline integrated into this logic/sketch. This shifts the beginning of the studio towards interpretation and mapping to provide a structured scenario or context. Students develop their ideas individually and in conversation with the whole studio and invited experts. The research of mapped topics is then overlaid into one coherent structure of the city for the midterm. Students work as one team to develop this tool, while finetuning their personal idea for the powerline site. After the set of ideas have matured for the midterm, we shift towards the production of these ideas using contemporary visual techniques in conversation with a teammate who thinks alike. The outcome will be an unprecedented radical statement of ideas represented graphically. As a final result, the reclaimed infrastructure space of powerlines is to be seen as a space of urban operations – a shift towards an urban infrastructure that works towards the existing urban fabric and accommodates future visions. And works as a catalyst for future discussion on ideas. The aim is to provoke a discussion towards the decision makers, practitioners and the City Planning Department of Tallinn.

Johan Tali & Kaie Kuldkepp

Esikaane töö autor Johan Tali Cover Johan Tali

Students

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Elena Bolkhovitinova Margaux Le Bouille Tom Brennecke Aleksandra Dorofeeva Frances Kowalski Anastassija Malkova Jonathan Nissen Johannes Pointner Nina Stener Jørgensen

Studio II

BIG BOLD POWER LINES

EESTI KUNSTIAKADEEMIA ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS ARHITEKTUURI JA LINNAPLANEERIMISE OSAKOND DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN

Scenarios The studio and the work of the students can be roughly characterized by three main themes: (post-) infrastructure spaces, informal urbanism and power of/in urban planning.

The linearity and length of the urban space that the infrastructure strip of the electric corridor passes in Tallinn naturally facilitates discussions on connectivity in the city. Therefore, the students analyse various options to offer a new type of infrastructure to the space, extending the line. Either a monorail or the big bold cargo tram, the space offers connections throughout its length and wider in Tallinn, facilitating the further development and activation of the space. Looking at mobility and connections leads to the question of “who� and therefore some of the projects speak through the eyes of a specific user group (horses, pedestrians etc). Power to the horses and The Guidelines touch upon creating comfortable connections in a larger scale system of routes and destinations leading to a systemic approach when it comes to urban design.

Walkability and invitation for urban detour are discussed in the projects of Light Pilgrimage and Power Points. As electric pylons themselves act as landmarks for orientation, the students propose new kinds of landmarks that strengthen and activate a variety of locations following the electric line corridor. The linearity of the site also triggers discussions on urban barriers and contrasts in between different patches of land use. One could see the electric corridor as a linear void between different neighbourhoods, creating a feeling of a mental wall and leading to a wall project to ask about the essence of an urban wall. This void space leaves space for bottom-up initiatives and creative urban use that is currently found on the site. The students investigated possibilities to keep this character and offer options for the informal urbanism to expand. The imagined space deals with creative strategies for the future of the site.

The scenarios touch upon urban planning strategies, discussing who has agency when it comes to planning? The bottom-up development schemes and participatory approach were discussed in the project Power to the people. All these different scenarios make up a pool of ideas and offer input to the discussion on what and how to plan on this significant strip.

ELENA BOLKHOVITINOVA

PowerPoint/s The powerline acts as a divider between two parts of the city, a no man’s land stretching from Paljassaare Peninsula to Harku Lake.

The project suggests breaking the line and concentrating it in selected points. Ten vertical points (towers) will interrupt the horizontal continuity of the powerline, each designed according to the specifics of the location. These locations are made in two groups: one is for living in (an apartment building), another for leisure (watchtower and “treehouse”). These interruptions would diversify the panorama of this part of Tallinn, balancing out the high points of the Old Town and CBD areas located on the other side of the powerline. The space between the new towers could remain as it is now: a no man’s land, free for the inhabitants to use as they see fit, or for future development.

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Toostuse Street PowerPoint/s Typologies

Suggested Locations: Apartments: Tööstuse Street, Erika Street, Sõle Street, Tuuliku Street, each of these cases are designed specifically for their locations and vary in height; Ehitajate Street, Akadeemia Street, Paldiski Road (these three locations create an ensemble of high-rise apartment buildings that would be incorporated in the existing ensemble of Väike-Õismäe).

Leisure: Stroomi Beach (watchtower overlooking the sea and cityscape), Merimetsa, Paldiski Road (“treehouse” and a place for rest for visitors of the area).

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MARGAUX LE BOUILLE

Guidelines The Guidelines project proposes a user-based type of planning in the Pelgulinna district, North-West of Tallinn. It consists of a continuous pedestrian network that naturally leads from one attraction point to another getting across the powerline corridor in the shape of a synaptic system. The connected “neurons” are car-free areas that aggregate around the destination points. This new circulation scheme introduces a clearer distinction between the motorised and non-motorised areas, creating a dedicated space for both. The pedestrianised areas provide a place for interaction and enable social life to spring at the heart of the blocks.

The whole project of the Guidelines is underpinned by the reflection on the role of the circulations in the way a city is perceived by its users. In Tallinn, we can observe that the main roads draw a physical borderline to the different districts, resulting in a “patchwork city”. The city scale fast connectors act as local boundaries. The different patches developed independently and were assigned with specific and monofunctional uses.

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Synapses Network in Ehte Zoom in View

The synapse system of the Guideline project addresses the issue of walkability in the patches surrounding the powerline area. The creation of an independent network for the pedestrian traffic frees it from the car traffic schemes, which have showed themselves inadequate to satisfy the local short distance movements. Both motorised and non-motorised users have their own zones of predominance.

As a flat structure laid on the ground, the synapse network does not cut out some parts of the city for the car users – the residents, police, ambulance and firemen can have access to the neuron – but it materialises a stage on which anyone is free to perform. Without the presence of the roads and paths, the public space is more suitable for appropriation.

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TOM BRENNECKE

Informality Informality is an archaic element of human striving and existence. Architectural informality means an immediate erection of sheds by present materials and present people. Often it is to be understood as a completion of formality, as a tool to fill voids or as a temporary plan looking for timeless continuation. The iteration of informal practises leads to imaginaries. Imagination surrounds informal processes and is therefore inherent in informality itself. As informality is a vague concept, possibly failing, it mostly comes along with a framework. This informality can be called coerced informality.

The power line strip will be filled with informal usage in certain plots – Väike- Õismäe, Merimetsa and Stroomi Beach. These plots are divided by existing paths that will be overlaid with a grid. The power pylons are cut down to bars of 3m which are then placed in the grid. They will be connected with prefabricated elements or simply windows. It allows the informality to switch easily between different ideas and adapt to the users’ needs. The three plots can be seen on the map marked in white. The circles are future plots.

Each of these plots will contain the same pattern of facilities. There will be the heart which is the main function, arteries which are service functions and other organs serving as sub-functions to the heart. At least half of the plot remains empty and every building has only one function. The project is about free space, gatherings of people and movements.

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ALEKSANDRA DOROFEEVA

Light Pilgrimage Can luminescence be positive?

Daylight in Tallinn shortens dramatically through autumn to winter. A linear strip of an ex-power line would offer a ground for creating a promenade leading from Noblessner Port/ residential area through Stroomi Beach to Lake Harku, connecting the aquatic objects of Tallinn.

A thorough fieldwork was conducted to explore every site on the way and the special relations of the district interconnections. All highlighted items are categorized into seven groups: nature, activities, arts, construction, facades, commercial and reserved structures. The word ‘pilgrimage’ is used to exaggerate the sense of sacrality that is put into the project and supported with pylon structures. Proposed images of the imagined space are provided. My tool is light, ephemeral and immaterial. It is supposed to navigate the wanderer through neighbourhoods usually hidden from ordinary tourists as well as to give joy to locals, triggering the revitalization of the areas. It is about changing perception without changing the material properties of the place that are already presented.

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Industrial

e Sõl

Residential > 5 -6 stories

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Residential > 2-4 stories

FRANCES KOWALSKI

Residential > 5-16 stories

School

Power to the People The concept behind ‘Power to the People’ proposes to introduce a platform that will empower residents living in panel houses along the corridor to form an agency among them and enhance the activities that are already taking place in a way that the neighbourhood can benefit from them. The main tool will be a micro activity centre, the ‘Fusebox’, allowing for a playful way of addressing and navigating people on paths of daily routines. Of special interest are the areas which are located near highly frequented pedestrian flows or where the informal activity is already curated by residents. This potential can be accelerated into a feeling of entitlement towards making changes in one’s immediate environment, resulting in a shift of regime in the way the housing and leisure space is created.

To prove the hypothesis that small physical implementations and playful interaction with the public space can have an effect on the way residents perceive their built as well as social environment, I started a four-week experiment by hiding little paper boxes with odd contents in visible, highly frequented public areas of the student dorm (approx. 500 residents). As a rather monotonous and anonymous environment with little interaction between residents, it to some degree represents the conditions in a panel housing district. The aim was to invoke curiosity, stimulate my neighbours’ initiative and encourage communication.

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Depiction of transformed garage area with an example of new co-op housing The ‘FuseBox’ : neighborhood management, landmark, information centre and communal space Diagram of connections between neighborhood, educational and financial institutions, municipality and accelerated informal activities

The reactions varied from repositioning the box to thank-you notes while most of the boxes were simply taken away. However, as no new projects sprouted and communication remained very low key, I felt that the experiment had failed.

At some point of the experiment, one of my neighbours knocked on my door and offered to clean the window. We started talking and he eventually noticed the boxes in my room, so I explained what I was doing in the experiment and also mentioned that it had somehow failed.

He smiled at me and said, “Well, it worked for me”.

So, I guess it works.

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utopian imaginaries soundscapes to trigger attention

information office / city management

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blackboard/exhibition

communal/commercial

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commercial

watchtower

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Bank

blisherVersion 0.0.100.100

ANASTASSIJA MALKOVA

Horsepower More than 25% of the city region in Tallinn consists of green areas, however, this is not a number that we can be proud of. The percentage is so high, because it takes into account unkept lands as green areas. In the past 20 years, only one new park has been created by the municipality in Lasnamäe – Pae Park. Nowadays, the city’s unkept green areas are viewed exclusively as potential building sites. The city of Tallinn does not have a greater future vision about developing green areas. The concept for ‘Horse Power’ is to envision the unkept lands located in Merimetsa and Veskimetsa as parks and recreational areas not only for city residents but also as habitats with rich flora and fauna and to develop these accordingly in the future.

The project contains various analyses on the powerline site as well as its surrounding districts, interviews with Veskimetsa residents and the Hippodrome representative, in addition, the outcome contains two proposals for two intersections with Paldiski Road.

The horse is a tool to preserve unkept lands’ rurality and invitation for city dwellers to discover another side of Tallinn that has been kept a “secret”.

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Grey heron Ardea cinerea majority left during construction work of pedestrian bridge Grey heron Ardea cinerea majority left during construction work of pedestrian bridge

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Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava

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Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava

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Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis

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Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis

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species' disappearance in particular area

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Bird's-nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis III category protected species Bird's-nest orchid non-photosynthetic orchid Neottia nidus-avis

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Long-eared owl Asio otus Development of zoo has Long-eared owl caused these birds Asio otus species' disappearance Development of zoo has in particular area these birds caused

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III category protected species non-photosynthetic orchid

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Diverse hatching fauna has remained even after development Diverse hatching fauna has of zoo

White-tailed bumblebee Bombus lucorum White-tailed bumblebeespecies III category protected Bombus lucorum Large nests of B. lucorum can be found underground

remained even after development of zoo

Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

III category protected species Large nests of B. lucorum can be found underground

Moor frog Rana arvalis Moor frog III category protected species Rana arvalis negative impact could be caused: by urbanization, III category protected species recreational use of waterside areas, intensive agriculture negative impact could be caused: by urbanization, recreational use of waterside areas, intensive agriculture

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True thrushes Turdus True thrushes Turdus

GSPublisherVersion 0.0.100.100 GSPublisherVersion 0.0.100.100

Veskimetsa large boulders and boulder field Veskimetsa suured kivik체lvfield Veskimetsa larger채ndrahnud boulders andjaboulder Protected naturesuured monument Veskimetsa r채ndrahnud ja kivik체lv Protected nature monument

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JONATHAN NISSEN

Big Bold Cargo Tram The scenario of the Big Bold Cargo Tram deals with the production and storage spaces in the city of Tallinn, more precisely with the industrial area of Mustamäe along the corridor of the powerline.

At the moment, the industrial areas are isolated within the urban fabric and they do not have any connection to the surrounding neighbourhoods or other industrial areas. The storage of goods is realized individually and the movement of goods is realized by car or truck. Going further, the space is no longer attractive to new businesses, however, workspaces are more and more established in the outskirts of the city. It is a process of suburbanization which can be seen as problematic due to the huge commuting movements and waste of land.

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Densification and relocation of new businesses Overview of improvements

The scenario suggests improving the existing infrastructure in order to raise the attractiveness, so new businesses and production spaces can be relocated again in the city centre, opening it to new ways of production and manufacturing for local needs.

With the implementation of the Cargo-tram and decentralized logistic centres, goods can be stored in a shared way. The tram can be considered an ecological, more sustainable method of moving goods and connecting different working areas in the city. Adjustments of the large-scale traffic infrastructures and improvements of the public space go along with the tram, all together increasing the attractiveness of the industrial areas so new businesses and uses can be located. This leads to a better exchange of goods and materials, a more hybrid production landscape in a dense urban setting and it is a big step towards the next economy and a circular economy.

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JOHANNES POINTNER

No title The contemporary city is ubiquitous, the expansion of the urban seems to be immutable. Driven by notions such as flexibility, creativity or participation, informal urbanism is praised as a solution, but this ideological attempt to naturalize deregulation and the contribution of market logics to smaller scales of the city must be dismantled. The result of this policy of the non-political is becoming clear in our environment: incoherence and fragmentation of urban space. Liberalism taught us that where there is no discipline, there must be freedom, but the built space says that where there is freedom, there must be chaos.

A wall is the manifestation of the separation between two places. When a city was founded in the past, it marked an area out of chaos, created a space where there had been nothing before. Today the two sides are swapped. Space or the city is everywhere so that it is simultaneously degraded to nothingness, to noise. The wall reintroduces logic into randomness, orientation into noise.

Since its establishment, the Powerline functioned as a wall-like element in a built space, separating two sides from each other and by this and therefore unintentionally giving it some structure. The project wants to emphasize this void character of the powerline site to reintroduce structure and logic into the randomness of the city. For this it must oppose its direct surroundings, must create a contrast in the homogeneous noise.

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Recreational Area on the Powerline Site Production Area

Fighting fire with fire? Architecture and infrastructure are the pioneers of urbanization.

Thus, the wall must not be a built one. It must be a functional one, a morphological one, a symbolical one. Representing a wall, but not being one.

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NINA STENER JØRGENSEN

Tallinn Index Informal solutions continue to interfere with contemporary urban development strategies, often drawing on representations of so-called ‘liveable cities’ where active citizen participation is perceived to be high. By solely applying the concept of ‘informality’ some of the more rigid structures that lie beneath the surface are neglected: structures that are economically supported and lawfully enforced strenghten participation, maybe this is what should be adopted to achieve the desired effect?

As the city of Tallinn has favoured privatising of land, the powerline faces the possibility of being sold off to private investors. It is therefore crucial that a legally binding contract is put in place in order for the municipality to resist tempting offers. At the moment no contract between the city and the people along the powerline exists. This scenario tries to prevent the land of the powerline to be subjected to ‘wholesale urbanism’ as it suggests to instead situate the strip of land in an Estonian context. A mirroring through Tallinn, between the medieval Old Town and the soviet satellite city of Väike-Õismäe was established alongside the powerline, as a tool to develop a program consisting of plot based contracts between the city and citizens of Tallinn located within close proximity to the site.

The trial period of the scenario contract was set to 100 years.

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Different signifiers were developed to analyze and interpret the area Jüri Okas (1975) Rein Zobel (1956) Woman overlooking the empty site (2017) Overview of ‘base groups’: each number corresponds to a plot along the powerline located within close proximity to its corresponding base group

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Last Words

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“In Tallinn we can observe that the main roads draw a physical limit to the different districts, resulting in a “patchwork city”. The city scale fast connectors act as local boundaries.

The different patches developed independently and were assigned with specific and monofunctional uses” (Margaux Le Bouille)

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“The city of Tallinn does not have greater future vision about developing green areas. The concept for ‘Horse Power’ is to envision the unkept lands, located in Merimetsa and Veskimetsa, as parks and recreational areas not only for city residents but also as habitat with rich flora and fauna and to develop these accordingly in the future” (Anastassija Malkova)

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“My tool is light, ephemeral and immaterial. It is supposed to navigate the wanderer through neighbourhoods usually hidden from ordinary tourists as well as to give joy to locals, triggering the revitalization of the areas. It is about changing perception without changing the material properties of the place that are already presented�

(Aleksandra Dorofeeva)

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Supervisors KAIE KULDKEPP Kaie Kuldkepp is an urbanist and landscape architect. She has studied Environmental Technology at the University of Tartu and Urban Studies at the Estonian Academy of Arts as well as Urban Design and Landscape Architecture at Copenhagen University and University of Washington. In her work at NÜÜD arhitektid and Linnalabor she has focused on integrating the knowledge on natural and urban landscapes in order to discuss and create spaces where sociocultural and ecological layers function simultaneously. She has done an array of public space design competitions (Põlva town center I prize, Rapla town center II prize, Kuremäe village center I prize, Tallinn Main Street 2 III prize, Narva town center III prize) and worked in variety of spatial scales from small scale objects to bigger scale urban strategies.

JOHAN TALI Johan Tali (born 24.09.1986 in Tallinn, Estonia) is a PhD student at The Estonian Academy of Arts Department of Architecture and Urban Design, where his research is focused on concepts of scalability of public space. He is a researcher and project manager at THE UNFINISHED CITY three year research project investigating contemporary city planning problematics exemplified around Tallinn.

Tali’s professional career includes design architect positions at soma architecture (2010-2012) and Wolfgang Tschapeller ZT GmbH (2012-2013) in Vienna and as an architect at Studio Tomás Saraceno and Graft Architects in Berlin (2014-2015). Since 2015 He works as an architect in and from Tallinn on a range of projects in all scales of architecture among a pool of worldwide collaborators. in 2017 he won the competition to design the parish center for Saue parish (with Karli Luik), and the competition for redevelopment of the “Kalev” national stadium in Tallinn (with Karli Luik and Martin Mclean). In 2014, he co-curated and co-designed the Estonian Exhibition “INTERSPACE” at the 14. Venice Architecture Biennale. In late 2014, Tali co-founded the initiative to form a joint pavilion for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and co-curated the exhibition „The Baltic Pavilion“.

Department of Urban Studies LOCATION AND CONTACT Pikk Street 20, Tallinn 10133 arhitektuur@artun.ee +372 6420070

ISBN 978-9949-594-58-0 ISSN 2461-2359 ISBN 978-9949-594-59-7 (pdf)

The 2-year Master’s program in Urban Studies combines rigorous academic research with intensive field-work. The program is situated at the transdisciplinary crossroad of critical urban studies, urbanism and urban planning, architecture theory, sociology and urban ethnography.

Our students have previous academic background in architecture and/or humanities.

Integrating critical interrogation and experimental practice, the program has a triple focus on social uses, spatial programs and urban forms. The form of assignments includes term-long research studios, intensive workshops, lectures, seminars, and field trips. The distinctive mark of the Master in Urban Studies is its reliance on theoretically informed action in the field. We take students’ effort seriously: the program engages ‘real’ actors and create opportunities for public presentation, discussion and publishing of best works. The Master’s program is fully in English and it has a strong international orientation. We cooperate with a network of partner institutions in Europe and we are connected to regional partners in Finland, Baltic countries and Russia. The curriculum includes number of workshops and lecture courses by international scholars and practitioners. The education prepares students to engage with urban issues at the intersection between design practice, political practice and theoretical knowledge. The program prepares graduates for further study at the PhD level.

TOIMETAJA: Nina Stener Jørgensen / Kujunduse Makett: Arhitekt Must OÜ // KEELETOIMETAJA: Kerli Linnat // © Eesti Kunstiakadeemia Arhitektuuri ja Linnaplaneerimise osakond // Tallinn 2018 EDITOR: Nina Stener Jørgensen // Layout: Arhitekt Must OÜ // PROOFREADER: Kerli Linnat// ©Estonian Academy of Arts Department of Architecture and Urban Design // Tallinn 2018

EESTI KUNSTIAKADEEMIA ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS ARHITEKTUURI JA LINNAPLANEERIMISE OSAKOND DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN