INDONESIA - Nura Tenggara Timur

ART GOLD Indonesia Programme Nusa Tenggara Ten Timur Province

Provincial Development Guidelines 2009

2

INDEX

1. Introduction Background Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Methodology

p. 4 p. 4 p. 5

2. Nusa Tenggara Timur Province

p. 6

Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province 1.1 Geography and Demographics 1.2 Provincial overview

p. 7 p. 7 p.8

Provincial Development Issues and Priorities 1.3 Provincial Development Issues 1.4 Provincial Priorities

p. 12 p. 12 p. 19

List of possible project

p. 20

3. Profile and Priorities in Districts

p. 23

Timor Tengah Selatan District District profile Priorities and Development Issues List of possible project

p. 24 p. 24 p. 25 p. 28

Flores Timur District District profile Priorities and Development Issues List of possible project

p. 31 p. 31 p.32 p.35

Sabu District District profile Priorities and Development Issues List of possible project

p. 37 p. 37 p.38 p. 42

NTT Provincial Working Group

p. 45

3

Introduction Background ART GOLD (Articulating Good Local Development) Programme is part of the initiative from the UNDP Hub for Innovative Partnership. The programme encourages regional development and more effective local government in the areas of local participation, local economic development, increasing access to local services, including health and education. In Indonesia the ART GOLD Programme seeks to improve the capacity of local government to provide greater services to the population and to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The ART GOLD Indonesia Programme (AGI) is present in two provinces: Gorontalo and Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT).

Following a preparatory phase, activities in the NTT Province began in May 2009.

Since then, the Province has formalized, by decree, the construction of the Provincial Working Group, which is working with the support of AGI Unit in Kupang. Three Districts have been selected for the implementation of the Programme and first steps for the creation of District Working Groups have been made.

This document consists of information collected at provincial level, as well from the three selected Districts which will implement the Programme. Further, the document is designed to inform potential partners of the development possibilities of the Province in the hope that international partnerships can be achieved within the ART GOLD methodology.

Millennium Development Goals (MDG) to be achieved by 2015:

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Promote a global partnership for development

4

Methodology The Provincial Development Guidelines followed a process of consultation at the sub-District level by way of community meetings with village heads, civil society, local government officials and interested participants.

Further, the research encapsulated a process of collecting information by direct field visit. Next, the data were collected and analyzed by the Provincial Working Group (PWG), which is comprised of sectoral representatives from the provincial government, local university, and local NGOs working as a unit to create a multi-sectoral document. The PWG also utilized the pre-existing plans created by the different ministries and province.

Some of the members of the Provincial Working Group participated in field visits, meetings and workshops at District, sub-District, village and community level:  In the District of Timor Tengah Selatan meetings were held in the sub-District of Amanuban Tengah, Kie and Fatumnasi;  In the District of Flores Timur meetings were held in the Tanjung Bunga sub-District and in the village of Bahinga;  In the District of Sabu Raijua meetings were held in the sub-District of Sabu Liae, Hawu Mehaia, Sabu Timur and Sabu Tengah.

In the process of debate, data gathering, participatory analysis at multi-sectoral levels (Provincial, District, sub-Distric and village), the main issues and priorities that emerged as central to local development were Health, Education, Local Economy and Environment.

5

NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR PROVINCE

Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province

Geography and Demographics The Nusa Tenggara Timur territory is archipelagic and consists of 556 islands; 44 of which are inhabited.

The Province, which directly borders East Timor and Australia, has 21 Districts with a land area of 47,350 Km2 and a sea area of 200,000 Km2. it is mountainous in topography and has a semi arid climate. The area has a short rainy season (3-4 months) with long dry season (8-9 months). Global climate change has had a negative impact to this territory. It is predicted that El Nino will come to this area on November 2009 and have the effect of prolonging the dry season, which is what occurred in 2005. This event would have a big impact on the population, which is comprised mainly of farmers (70%).

The population in 2007 was 4,448,873 with growth of 1.82%. Population composition based on age showed that the percentage of those aged 15-64 years was 57.15%, followed by those aged 0-14 at 37.84% and >65 years at 4.99%. The actual problem faced is that the productive population outweighs the job availability; thus a real risk lies in the growing unemployment rate.

The province is located in the meeting area of the continent plaques on the ring of fire. This location puts NTT at high risk of earthquakes, tsunamis, and

volcano

eruptions.

The

mountainous

topography also brings the risk of landslides and high erosion.

Human Development Index (HDI) of the Province in 2005 was 62.7 and increased to 63.6 in 2006 and 64.8 in 2007. The national HDI in 2007 was 70.1, this put the Province in the 31st rank of 33 provinces in Indonesia.

7

No

District/ Municipality

Area (Km2)

SubDistrict

Villages

Male

Female

Tot.Pop

Household

Pop Density

1

Sumba Barat

737

5

53

54,323

50,600

104,923

19,488

142

2

Sumba Timur

7,001

22

156

116,571

106,545

223,116

44,048

32

3

5,437

23

140

143,070

131,063

274,133

65,482

50

4

Kupang Timor Tengah Selatan

3,947

32

198

214,975

200,685

415,660

100,832

105

5

Timor Tengah Utara

2,670

9

174

105,830

105,520

211,350

49,760

79

6

Belu

2,446

24

208

207,006

210,998

418,004

86,848

171

7

Alor

2,865

17

175

89,029

89,935

178,964

40,000

62

8

Lembata

1,266

8

117

49,271

55,169

104,440

26,144

82

9

Flores Timur

1,813

18

213

108,771

121,147

229,918

50,064

127

10

Sikka

1,732

21

160

132,274

145,353

277,627

58,752

160

11

Ende

2,047

20

211

108,589

129,451

238,040

50,880

116

12

Ngada

1,621

9

94

64,093

67,372

131,465

26,368

81

13

Manggarai

4,189

6

140

251,573

252,590

504,163

99,552

120

14

Rote Ndao

1,280

8

80

58,415

54,138

112,553

28,128

88

15

Manggarai Barat

2,948

7

121

99,606

101,523

201,129

42,432

68

16

Sumba Barat Daya

1,445

8

96

132,907

123,054

255,961

23,968

177

1,869

4

43

30,616

28,348

58,964

34,112

32

1,417

7

93

58,942

64,232

123,174

24,384

87

461

7 6

93 63

45,832

53,698

99,530

18,390

216

Kota Kupang 160 4 49 141,915 144,384 286,299 NTT 2007 47,350 265 2,677 2,213,608 2,235,265 4,448,873 *Data of Manggarai Timur, a new District, are still with the Manggarai District’s data

61,728 951,360

1,786 94

17

Sumba Tengah

18

Nagakeo

19 20

Manggarai Timur* Sabu Raijua

21

Source: Statistic Bureau of Nusa Tenggara Province, 2008 (adapted)

Provincial Overview Education Education developments between 2003-2008 show a significant increase, Most of the population of NTT has access to basic education. Generally, the participation rate at Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School levels has increased in the last years.

Participation Rate at the Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School No 1.

Component 2003 2004 2005 Gross Participation Rate 92.18 99.53 107.84 of Elementary School 2.

Net Participation Rate of 69.14 72.26 76.24 Elementary School 3.

Gross Participation Rate 48.29 49.67 59.39 of Junior High School 4.

Net Participation Rate of 32.02 32.71 39.36 Junior High School 5 Gross Participation Rate 40.07 40.60 40.26 Senior High School 6 Net Participation Rate 24.97 25.93 25.62 Senior High School Source: Province Department of Education Youth and Sport, 2007

2006 112.28

2007*) 114.20

79.78

90.80

59.72

67.46

46.24

52.23

42.66

48.19

30.69

34.67

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The high rate of participation at the Elementary level can be attributed to the distribution of schools in the territory, with each village having at least an elementary school. Participation rates at higher education levels show a notable decrease, which can mainly be attributed to the distance of the school, lack of parental awareness about the importance of education and by the economic conditions of the families.

Achieving a higher quality of education is a priority for the Province and Districts. Education personnel require both an increase in numbers and capacity.

The percentage of teachers with High School classification working in Elementary Schools is 70.98%, in Junior High School it is 12.37%, and in Senior High School it is 3.73%. Teachers with a university degree classification working in Elementary Schools are 2.81% of the total, in Junior High Schools are 35.33% and in Senior High School are 60.89%.

The infrastructure supporting the learning process such as laboratories, libraries, demonstration models, and books of reference are also very limited. Better management of the educational database is also needed to achieve better planning.

Health While health services have shown positive changes, the level of the health conditions and development of the people remains low. Life expectancy has risen over the past few years (2004: 64.4; 2005: 64.9; 2006: 65.1) but is still below the national rate (2006: 66.2).

The local situation illustrates a number of

problems:

awareness

on

low clean

community and

healthy

behavior, high rate of morbidity caused by infectious diseases, low quality of community nutrition (2007: 37.80% of under five has moderate and sever malnourished), high mother mortality (2007: 306/100.000) and child mortality rate (2007: 57/1000). Community health problems are also related to deficiencies in the local health system. The ratio of health personnel compared to the population is very low (Medical Doctor in 2007 NTT: 12:100.000; National: 40/100.000) health infrastructure also needs to be increased. The quality and specialization of the health personnel is still limited and the distribution is not equal. Finally, the local health information system is not effective enough to be used optimally for decision making and planning.

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Economy Economic development in the province faces many challenges. Economic growth has been fuelled by consumption activity, however this has created a weak foundation for mid and long term economic development.

This situation impacted the poverty rate of the population, which was 27.51% in 2007.

The Gross Domestic Regional Product is 3.6 million per capita, one third of the national figure. Economic development indicated average yearly growth rate of 5% in 2005, 5.08% in 2006, 5.5% in 2007, but it had low growth in 2008 and reached 3.59% in 2009.

It should also be noted that the open unemployment rate decreased from 5.4% in 2004 to 3.72% in 2007.

Agriculture and governmental service still dominate the economy of the Province. The role of agricultural sector has tended to decrease and the role of the governmental services has increased, this indicates low community and private sector investment in comparison to government investment.

Territorial infrastructure The Province has 0.36 Km of roads for each Km2, and 60% of these roads are in bad condition.

Each District has a harbor, however most require an increase or improvement in order to support the 44 Islands. Currently, only Tenau seaport in Kupang has the status of international seaport. Supporting the interprovincial transportation are 15 airports in the 15 Districts. The Provincial government has also given attention to the development of the water catchment system by building water trappings, artificial lakes and systems for irrigation. This sector still needs much improvement, as most of this Province is dry area.

Environment The tendency of critical land to increase has been more rapid than the effort to rehabilitate the critical area. Today the critical land area is calculated in 21.094.97 Km2, 45% of total land area; the forest area that has changed to critical area is 35% of total forest area.

Local Government In the last few years, the National Government has given most autonomy to local governments. There are also new national regulations that made significant changes and impacted the entire governmental system.

Local governments have had to change governance system in all aspects: institution, personnel management, structure and infrastructure of provincial government, District government, sub-District and village level, and also planning process, implementation and monitoring of the development process. The provincial government is now in a transition period and is building new governance according to the changed regulations.

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An increase in capacity and ability of governmental officers is one of the priorities of the Province, with the aim of achieving good and clean government. The following figures show qualification level rates of government officers: Elementary School 2.68%, Junior High School 3.23%, Senior High School: 47.32%, Diploma: 10.31%, Bachelor 32.44%, Master degree 3.97% and Doctoral degree 0.086%. The provincial structure is organized into three main sectors: the provincial Secretariat and bureaus that support the Governor, the sectoral Dinas (Departments), and other bodies, agencies and technical Institutions. Provincial Development Planning Body (BAPPEDA), one of the governmental agencies, is the main counterpart for AGI Programme. The following is the list of the existing provincial Departments and Agencies: Governor Vice Governor Governor Vice Governor

Provincial Secretariat Provincial Secretary

Assistant of Governance and Welfare

Provincial Body/Office/ technical Institution:

Provincial Department Marine and Fisheries Inspectorate

Livestock

Training and Research Body

Forestry

Village Community Empowerment Body

Public Works Local Revenue and asset Culture and Tourism Energy and Mining

Environment Body Nation Unity, Politic, and Community Protection Body Achieve Body Food Security and Extension Worker

Health

Province Library

Social Education, Youth, and Sport Industry and Trade Labor and Transmigration Cooperative, Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise

Assistant of Economic and Development

Civil Police (Polisi Pamong Praja) Industry and Trade Electronic Data Processing Office Transportation Liaison Office Communication and Information Parliament Secretariat

Bureau Bureau of Governance Bureau of Law Bureau of Economy Bureau of Development Administration Bureau of Welfare Bureau of Woman Empowerment Bureau of Human Resource Bureau of Finance Bureau of Organization

National Family Planning Coordination Body

Transportation Communication and Information

Assistant of Public Administration

Statistic Center Body General Hospital

Bank of Nusa Tenggara Timur Provincial Development Issues and Priorities

Provincial Development Issues Education Since one of the main development problems in the area is a lack of capacity, knowledge and specialization, improving the quality of education is obviously a main priority. However, improvement is hampered by a number of factors, such as the limited economic resources available and the geographical conformation of the territory in which distances are enlarged by mountainous conformations and bad conditions or absence of road connection.

The sector presents the following problems:

The number of teacher cannot cover the students’ needs: often classes have a high number of students and the teacher must conduct classes of different levels at the same time and cover all disciplines; The quality of training and capacity of qualified human resources is low; There is a lack in facilities and structures: usually the number of books is minimal with books sometimes only being available for teachers. Many schools have problems obtaining laboratory equipment and teaching material; students also have problems in buying stationary and equipment due to the economic condition of families; There is a considerable drop out from school, especially after the elementary level: this is due to three main factors: - Family economic condition; - Absence of awareness of the importance of education: many families cannot see the advantage of sending their children to school, and often don’t support and encourage their attendance. This is connected with the common problem of child labour; - Distance of high school infrastructure from homes: the provincial Government is trying to reduce this problem with the One roof school program that aims to join, in some remote areas, primary and secondary school levels into one structure.

Vocational Schools There are many vocational and professional schools present. However, the quality of training and programs adopted is low and in many cases they are not linked with concrete applications.

This is unfortunate, as they represent a big opportunity for the territory to prepare future workers in many sectors (e.g. fishery, agriculture, livestock, construction, automotives, computer science, economics and accounting),

Universities 12

The center of high education for the Province is in Kupang. There are some universities and academies managed by Government, private and religious institutions (Catholic, Protestant and Muslim). The largest state University is Universitas Nusa Cendana. The University has faculties on agriculture, education, social science, technical science, medicine and public health. The government also manages some academies related to health; these include academies for nurses, sanitation, and midwifery. There are also some university and academies in some Districts of the Province. These higher education institutions are expected to produce high quality students with limited lecturers and other supporting facilities.

Health This is a strategic issue faced by the Province. Health development cannot reach a high quality, as it cannot access the entire population, especially those in the border areas, islands and other remote areas. Thus, the health status of the population in general is still low. The infant and mother mortality rate is still high (57/1000 and 306/100.000) and the prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition in under-5s is also still high.

Highest health problems are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) and malaria (this is an endemic area).

Some diseases are also re-emerging (tuberculoses, rabies, diarrhea, HIV-AIDS) and frequent natural disasters also have consequences on the health of the people.

Control, surveillance and the accountability system of provincial Health Department is inadequate due to a lack of data-information and capacity in the planning section.

There is also a deficiency in the number and quality of personnel and difficulties in implementing specific health development and research. The capacity building of health personnel is also still low and the availability of health personnel is still inadequate in number, variety, quality, and distribution. Also, the support from other development actors to this sector is not optimal.

The main points of the provincial health program from 2009-2013 will be: -

Public health Improving community nutrition Prevention and elimination of diseases Health financing Improving health resources Improving health development policy and management Health research and development Cross sector and territorial cooperation Improving personal health status Medicine and health tools provision Surveillance on drugs and food Health promotion and community development Sanitation (healthy environment) Health education.

Economy 13

Agriculture The agricultural sector represents 41% of the domestic regional product.

The NTT Province has considered, in its five-year plan, 4 mains areas to be vital for its local economy: Corn Livestock Sandalwood Cooperative The Province is implementing a plan to reintroduce corn plantations and to promote this product as fundamental both for production and alimentation. Corn has actually been substituted by rice in the local diet, but the local rice production cannot cover the demand, thus it is mostly imported.

Breeding and livestock sector is fundamental to the domestic economy, almost all families have livestock (cows, goats, pig, water buffalo), but there are inadequate techniques of management and reproduction. If communities and local governments were empowered to create cooperatives, networks and capacity building in this sector, it would improve the number and quality of livestock.

The traditional way of livestock management, which involves leaving the animals in open space without control, has consequences on the health of the animals, on the control of animal diseases and on the local effort for reforestation.

Cooperative While cooperative activities are considered a key element for local economic development, the capacity for developing and expanding cooperatives is still weak. Many workers that would like to increase their product value, their specific skills and their capacity to connect to the market, have no knowledge or abilities on how to organize and manage a cooperative.

Based on the local needs and on structure and actions carried out by the provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, the actions supporting the development of this sector can be summarized as follows: 1.

Integrated program

2.

Human resources and Management capacity empowerment program

3.

Program on Cooperative capital resources empowerment

Integrating micro, small and medium scale enterprises into cooperative Integrating community’s productive enterprises into cooperative Competency based training for cooperative management Entrepreneurship training for entrepreneur/cooperative member candidates Technical Guide, comparative study Access to capital resources with easy requirements such as low interest, easy to gain (for financial service, productive and distributive cooperatives)

Fishery and marine

14

The NTT Province is waiting to be recognized on a national level as an archipelago Province. Fishery and activities of sea farming, especially pearl and alga (sea weed: eucheuma cotonii) have, due to the geographical conformation of the area and the richness of the sea, an enormous potential. However, the level of organization, infrastructure and human capacity in this sector needs to be increased. Fisheries remain, in most cases, a home activity, practiced without particular skill or equipment and, due to the condition of the network of infrastructure, without access to market.

Statistics supporting the fishing industry’s expansion are as follows:

Less than the 34% of the potential in fishery is used; Only 5% of the population is working in this sector; Only an area of less of 20 miles from the cost is used.

The Provincial government is enacting a policy to improve the quality of products by training workers about the importance of adequate hygienic procedure and standards and by providing equipment to process and maintain sea products, however the quality level remains quite low. Also, the alga (used for alimentation and the cosmetic industry) and pearl farming industries have high potential.

The products of the fisheries could represent a valuable resource for families as a means of increasing the quality of alimentation. However, food security is still not viewed as a priority and, due to extremely impoverished conditions, the best products are often sold.

Industry and trade Industry still plays a minor role in the local economy and the development of the industries based on natural resources is still minimal.

The program developed by the provincial Department in this sector includes:

 Development of the small and medium industry  Increasing capacity on the technology for industry  Supporting the management of industry structures Other important objectives are to increase the competitive value of products (there is currently a low competitiveness of industrial products), to increase communities and people’s entrepreneurship in order to develop industry at the medium and large levels, to create mechanisms to process the local products on site, and to connect local economic activities with the market.

In the trade sector the Province aims to improve exports (strictly linked to the rise of quality of the products), increase consumer protection and to improve the efficiency in country trading.

15

Environment Water crisis Rainy season in NTT lasts for four months with eight months of dry season. Water fall is calculated 16 billion m3 per year, but water infrastructures are not yet capable of create adequate reserves for the dry season (only 5 billion m3 of water is available, but 8 billion m3 is needed to supply local needs).

The Province has inserted in its plan of development between 20082013 the construction of 1.000 artificial lakes. Actors of international cooperation are also contributing to this essential issue. Where these lakes are present, educating communities on how to use and manage these lakes could ensure their sustainability.

Desertification Some areas of the NTT Province, especially the southern islands (Sumba, Sabu, Rote and Timor) are exposed to a great risk due to desertification of land. The main causes are the long period of dry season, the lack of infrastructure to collect and distribute water, logging for energy and construction and the use of slash & burn practices.

Slash & burn is a local practice used in farming: farmers cut trees and plants and burn the land in order to clean and prepare it for seeding. It is used both for preparing land usually used for farming, and to open forest to obtain new land for farming.

The Province is carrying out actions of reforestation with Departments of Environment and Forestry and information and socialization with local communities about regulations and the risks associated with the slash & burn practice.

Waste management The Province would need implants for processing waste and garbage. The main center and cities have public services that collect and transfer it in the dump but the waste is then burned in open air. In subDistricts and Villages the common practice is to burn garbage produced.

Province and Districts aim to implement action in this sector, and ask for the technical contribution of international cooperations.

Mining and Energy Fossil energy is used to cover the needs of the entire population. The Province is interested in developing renewable energy and hopes to receive technical support in this sector. A feasibility study is underway in Flores Island into the use of geothermal energy. Some islands also present good conditions for Aeolian implants (e.g. Sabu Island), and there has also been some experience in bio-gas production.

16

Many of the islands of the area are rich in mineral resources (manganese, chopper, iron, marble, limestone, clay and, in minor quantities, silver, gold and nickel). In some Districts it is common to find abandoned illegal mines; this is due to lack of control and local regulation.

Infrastructure Provincial and districts departments are working to provide water access and electricity for communities and villages; at the moment 61% of the population is not reached by electricity and most of the decentralized villages and communities and have no direct connection to water.

The construction of big and small structures and infrastructure to maintain water in the dry season, construction electric lines and the integration of systems for the production of alternative energy (biogas, solar energy, Aeolian energy) are basic issues.

It is calculated that more than 60% of roads (including national provincial, and districts roads) are in bad condition. Improving the quality of streets and connections is a strategic issue that will improve health conditions, education and the economy of local communities.

Tourism and Culture The Province has much cultural and natural potential for tourism. Potential areas include marine tourism (diving, surfing), eco tourism (tracking, forest, lake, mountain), cultural and religion tourism (ritual ceremony), and special interest tourism (fishing). One of the assets for tourism, the Komodo dragon, has been nominated to be one of the new seven wonders. The tourism and culture sector has not yet been developed with little attention being paid to improving and developing local culture and natural potentialities.

Access to the tourist destinations is difficult due to the limited means of transportation and bad road conditions. Other supporting infrastructure (clean water, electricity, telecommunication, accommodation facility) is also limited. The Province has not yet created a strategy for tourism marketing development, as it is constrained by low capacity of human resources, bureaucracy, and lack of potential tourism partnerships.

NGO, International Cooperation and BAPPEDA Joint Secretariat The BAPPEDA Agency for Development Planning has, at provincial level and in some cases at district level, a Joint Secretariat whose principal aim is to support and coordinate the interventions of the international cooperation in NTT. The Joint Secretariat, that actively collaborates with AGI and is represented in the Provincial Working Group, has mapped the presence of international NGOs, UN Agencies, and other actors that work in NTT as follows:

17

The NGO tissue About 500 NGOs are present in NTT Province. Many are active in the identified sectors of intervention: community development, advocacy, environment, agriculture, fisheries, human resource empowerment, villages and communities management at planning and financial level, participatory planning, economic empowerment, local institution empowerment, gender issue, disaster management, health (including mother and children health, HIV focus) and other.

NGOs try to strengthen community institution in the village by supporting farmers groups, cooperatives, and other community organization. They usually train staff to give continuous support to communities and also prepare an exit strategy, so that when programs and actions end communities can give continuity to them. NGOs tissue can ensure a deep and qualified connection with local communities when giving assistance.

In the last years, some NGOs have begun to collaborate with the Government in assisting its policy and strategies.

One of NGOs main beliefs is that sustainability of actions and programs can only be ensured by integrating community capacity building as a crucial factor (especially supporting technical and specialty skills, management in organization and financial aspects, network development and knowledge about evaluation).

18

Provincial Priorities 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Improving education quality a. Improving education quality at all sectors and levels b. Improving education to ensure it has relevance and compatibility with global environments c. Developing efficient education management d. Increasing community participation in education implementation Developing Health Sectors a. Improving community health status b. Improving the effective works of the health institution c. Improving community health services d. Improving community health behavior Economic development a. Improving the labor force quality b. Creating more work opportunities c. Revitalization of the economic institution d. Increasing production and stabilizing the price of the community production Infrastructure development a. Improving the development quality and rehabilitation of the transportationcommunication infrastructure to facilitate development of economy and human resources b. Increasing the development and rehabilitation of the water sources infrastructure, irrigation, and dam. c. Increasing the development of the electricity system and sustainable source of energy. d. Increasing the development of the economy infrastructure Improving local law system and justice a. Increasing community law awareness b. Revitalization and functional of law enforcement institution c. Developing and renewing the local regulation to be more responsive and participative. d. Increasing community awareness on human rights issues e. Developing the bureaucratic law culture for creating clean government and free of KKN (corruption, collusion, and nepotism) Consolidate the spatial planning and environment management a. Consolidate the territorial/spatial planning b. Increasing monitoring, surveillance, and spatial management regulation c. Increasing environment protection and conservation in relation to sustainable development Improving living conditions, the role of women, child welfare and youth participation a. Increasing the woman empowerment to make gender balance and justice a reality b. Increasing the protection and welfare assurance of children c. Increasing support for youth Special agenda: a. Poverty alleviation b. Border area management c. Development of archipelago province d. Disaster management

19

Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.

Some possible actions

Empower BAPPEDA civil servant on territorial and town planning

Support provincial and district Departments to develop good strategy and practice in waste management Support local service dedicated to new industry and economic activities for organizing in one easy access structure

Support local technicians in planning new implants for water connection and valorizing the natural water sources present in the areas Support the local provincial Disaster Management Body with expertise and new techniques Increase capacity building and strategy planning of Family Planning Improve provincial BAPPEDA capacity planning concerning the archipelago development

MDG Beneficiaries Millennium Development Goals Governance and decentralization Provincial Departments Planning Unit, provincial Department for Public Works, civil servant of provincial and district BAPPEDA, provincial Parliament members Technicians of the Public Works Department, and civil servant of provincial Health Department, specific programs units Public workers of Economic Bureau of Governor office, civil servant of the provincial Trade and Industry Department and provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, new entrepreneur Local technicians of provincial Department for Public Works and Clean Water Enterprise

Local counterpart

MDG: 1,3,7,8

BAPPEDA, BPMD (Village Communities Development Body)

MDG: 4,5,7,8

Badan Environment body, public Work Department, provincial Health Department, Municipal Dinas Kebersihan

MDG: 1,3,8

Economic Bureau of Governor office, provincial Trade and Industry Department, provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise

MDG: 1,7,8

Provincial Department for Public Works, local governmental Clean Water Enterprise, AMPL (Clean Water and Sanitation) working group Provincial Disaster Management Body

Civil servant of provincial Disaster MDG:8,7 Management Body, the whole population Civil servant of BKKBN, provincial Health MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Department, Woman Empowerment Bureau Civil servant of provincial BAPPEDA MGD: 1,3,7,8

and

BKKBN, Family Planning National Coordination Body, Health Department, Woman Empowerment Bureau Provincial BAPPEDA, Governance Bureau

20

Social Service Support provincial program for scholarship

Students

MDG: 2,3,8

Support provincial Department of Education in the program of One roof school to contribute to reduce distance between children and schools Create scholarship on medicine studies for students of remote areas, especially for women at university and post university level.

Create scholarship on teaching studies for students of remote areas Support the provincial Department of Health, local academies and local University to increase quality of health services in districts Increase the quality of paramedical training and capacity building through formal and non formal education Support the provincial Department of Health increasing the number of paramedical staff in Districts and sub-Districts Empower the management capacity of public health structures (Hospital and Puskesmas) Support the Province in creating actions for prevention of children exploitation, abuse and child labor

Students

MDG: 2,8

Provincial Department of Education, Welfare Bureau Provincial Department of Education

Students, women, population of target areas

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8

Provincial Department of Health

Students, population of target areas

MDG: 2,3,8

Provincial Department for Education

Medical and paramedical staff

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8

Department of Health, local academies and local University

Midwives, nurses and sanitation officer MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 and other paramedical assistants

Provincial Department of Health, Hospital and districts health centers (Puskesmas)

Provincial Department of Health, nurse, MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,8 midwives, other paramedical staff, population of target areas Directors and management staff of MDG: 4,5,6,8 Hospitals and Puskesmas Civil servant of provincial Commission for MDG: 1,2,4,8 Child Protection and of Provincial Women empowerment bureau, children

Provincial and District Department of Health, local Puskesmas

Support local communities with economic and cooperative capacity building; assist Groups of workers in the process of formalization and legalization of their status

Informal groups of workers at sub-District and village level

Provincial Department of Health, Hospitals and Puskesmas Provincial Commission for Child Protection, provincial Women empowerment Bureau, labor Department, local NGOs, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Local Economy MDG: 1,3,8

Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local NGO, Network of Farmer in Timur, Flores, Sabu and Rote island, VECO NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

21

Increase the provincial capacity to valorize local productions and to link with external market

Civil servant of provincial Department for MDG: 1,7,8 Industry and Trade

Support the Provincial Department Agriculture developing new policies techniques for increasing corn, cocoa cashew nut production Support the provincial Department Agriculture developing new techniques irrigation

for and and

Civil Servant of provincial Department for MDG: 1,7,8 Agriculture

for for

Civil Servant of provincial Department for MDG: 1,7,8 Agriculture, technicians of BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development) Civil Servant of provincial Department for MDG: 1,7,8 Livestock

Provincial Department for Agriculture, local University, BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)

Civil servant of provincial Department for MDG: 1,7,8 Infrastructure

Provincial Department for Infrastructure

Support the provincial Department for Livestock in developing livestock centers for research, selection and assistance Support the provincial and district Departments of Infrastructures in improving roads connection, irrigation and artificial lake system

Provincial Department for Industry and Trade, provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, local NGOs Provincial Department for Agriculture, local University, BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)

Provincial Department for Livestock, local University

Environment Empower local technicians on the use of renewable energies (solar, Aeolian, biogas, and others) and create pilot implants

Civil servant and technicians of the provincial Department of Mining and Energy, Environment, Public Works

MDG: 3,7,8

Increase the quality of the system of collection and distribution of water

Local technicians of provincial Department for Public Works, Environment and Forestry

MDG: 1,7,8

Support local Department of Forestry, especially in the protection of water sources areas

Local technicians and civil servant of provincial Department for Forestry and Environment Parliament members, civil servants of provincial Departments

MDG: 1,7,8

Support provincial Departments in creating an integrate strategy to front climate changes

MDG: 1,7,8

Provincial Department of Mining and Energy, provincial Department for Environment, local University provincial Department for Agriculture, provincial Development for Livestock Provincial Department for Public Works, provincial Department for Environment, provincial Department for Forestry, GTZ cooperation, ACF (Action contre la Faim) NGO, AMPL (Clean Water and Sanitation) working group Provincial Department for Forestry, provincial Department for Environment Provincial Departments of Mining and Energy, Forestry and provincial Environmental Body

22

PROFILE AND PRIORITIES IN DISTRICTS

23

District of Timor Tengah Selatan District profile

The District of Timor Tengah Selatan is placed in the central part of the Timor Island. It covers an area of 3.947 km2 with 21 sub-Districts and 234 Villages and has a population of 414.106.

Sub-District Area(Km2) Mollo Utara 32,200 Fatumnasi 32,000 Mollo Selatan 42,950 Pollen 26,400 Kota SoE 2,090 Amanuban Barat 22,930 Batu Putih 10,210 Amanuban Selatan 29,200 Kuanfatu 26,700 Kualin 23,700 Amanuban Tengah 12,500 Oenino 11,400 Kolbano 21,600 Amanuban Timur 22,400 KiE 14,500 Kot'olin 6,000 Amanatun Selatan 12,700 Nunkolo 10,600 Boking 10,800 Amanatun Utara 14,120 Toianas 9,700 TTS 394,700 Source: Statistic bureau of TTS, 2008 No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Village Male 15 4,990 9 9,859 18 13,097 10 6,236 13 17,355 14 15,940 7 5,745 15 16,913 8 9,565 7 9,174 10 6,222 7 4,632 11 9,319 18 13,664 11 8,812 8 4,689 13 8,462 9 6,287 14 10,462 10 9,512 7 6,028 234 206,963

Female 14,751 9,630 12,551 6,151 17,152 15,562 5,414 17,036 9,517 8,994 6,206 4,738 9,325 14,003 9,656 5,202 9,250 7,081 11,256 10,065 6,373 209,913

Tot. pop. Household ousehold 29,741 6,958 19,489 4,802 25,648 6,361 12,387 3,286 34,507 7,228 31,502 7,934 11,159 2,858 33,949 8,426 19,082 4,541 18,168 4,395 12,428 3,325 9,370 2,549 18,644 5,009 27,667 7,688 18,468 5,187 9,891 2,748 17,712 4,965 13,368 3,479 21,718 6,103 19,577 5,364 12,401 3,389 416,876 106,595

Pop Density 92 61 60 47 1,651 137 109 116 71 77 99 82 86 124 127 165 139 126 201 139 128 106

The population is growing fast; only 29.736 persons person live in urban areas, while the remaining 384.370 live in rural zones.. Most of the population is Christian.

Many of the Villages suffer for extreme poverty and lack access to water and electricity. The human h development index for this district in 2007 wa was 64.46 (NTT: 65.36).

24

The District has a highland area (Mutis) that reaches 2250 m, most of which is within a National Reserve.

This upper area is crucial for the water access of the whole District and other Districts. The Mutis area is has two largest river basins in Timor, Noelmina (2150 km2) and Benanain (3750 km). The high land has more rainfall in a year compared with other areas, which are generally very low.

Additional information about the District:

•

People with Health Insurance Card Propriety

20, 38%

•

People with Rice Insurance

88,44%

•

Number of person with more than 10 years old illiterate

13,84% (18,46% women, 9,37% man)

•

Representative in TTS Parliament:

31 man, 4 women

•

The 23 Camat, (Head of sub-village) are all man

• •

0.26% of people has a Computer and less that 10% has a telephone or cellular phone.

Priorities and Development Issues Main priorities of the District are related to Health, Education, Infrastructure, and Environment.

Health In the District, mother and infant mortality rates are high, with the infant mortality rate reaching 134/1000. Causes are related to nutrition, lack of access to clean water, difficulty accessing health services and lack of information.

Principal diseases are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection), malaria, skin disease and diarrhea.

The number of medical and paramedical staff cannot cover the needs of the whole population. 23 Community Health Centers, 2 hospitals and 26 doctors (including dentists) must cover the needs of the entire district. The next projection shows the access of the population to Local Health Centers.

25

In Villages where a midwife is present, mother and infant mortality rates have the tendency to decrease.

Though, many babies’ deliveries are still not assisted. Also, despite the presence of structures, not all Village Health centers (Polindes) are active. Education The issue of school dropouts is a problem, with few students continuing their studies onto high school and University. This is mainly due to distance from schools infrastructure and the economic condition of families. The number of the teachers and the quality of their training level also cannot fulfill the needs of the education system.

Many schools lack basic tools and equipment like books and libraries. Community awareness on the importance of education needs to be improved.

Child labor also contributes to the early dropout rate.

Environment The District suffers from a high level of deforestation. The main consequences are a high risk of landslides and an increase in the desertification process. There is also large use of the slash and burn technique.

Environmental problems are strictly related with culture, traditional behavior, knowledge/ understanding on environmental issues and

26

difficulties in developing a sustainable approach to environment.

The waste collection is present only in the city of Soe; there are no waste management systems, so the waste is burned in open air.

Infrastructures Lack of access to water is due to climate conditions and lack of infrastructure for water reserves and distribution.

50% of the roads are in bad condition, and the situation worsens during the rainy season. Difficulties in communication and transportation affect a number of sectors (health access, education, economy of communities). Despite this great need, only District resources can only cover some of these sectors of intervention.

Electricity only reaches some parts of villages and communities. Districts and communities are trying to implement pilot systems for renewable energy, and are interested in developing this sector, though they have limited resources.

Structural problems present difficulties in community housing. The District Government is enacting a plan to help the community provide proper construction for domestic use. However, many families are still living in traditional lopo, which also has damaging effects on health (particularly ARI).

Economy The local economy is based on agriculture and livestock. This is mainly carried out via home production and home industry. Producers usually do not have adequate knowledge and resources to join in cooperative structures and to directly connect with the market.

Mining activities are present all over TTS territory; the soil is particularly rich with manganese, color stone and marble. District Government hasn’t yet set regulations to control mining activities and the presence of large mining works sometimes creates conflict with the local population.

Workers lack capacity in joining cooperatives and groups, which influences the capacity of people to valorize their work and products. The provincial Government is implementing actions to help informal groups of workers legalize their groups in a cooperative way. Departments of Cooperative and Trade and Industry are joined at District level into one structure, so concrete action can be taken in this field.

The livestock sector, which in the past was a big resource for this area and contributed greatly to household economy, is nowadays suffering from lack of knowledge, infrastructure, research and assistance. Usually the fertile livestock and animals in good condition are sold; thus the remaining animals are no longer fertile.

Extension workers, who must connect at district level with communities and villages usually move from one sector to another; this creates a dispersion of skills and capacities.

27

Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.

Example of possible actions

MDG Beneficiaries Millennium Development Goals Governance and decentralization

Local counterpart

Support to local Department expertise in the field of water saving (dams, artificial lakes, links and infrastructures) Support local planning unit in developing integrated planning, using updated data of GIS system.

Support the Local Government with expertise in the field of renewable energies; make analysis, create pilot projects Local Civil Servants empowerment on waste processing

Districts technicians, population without access to water

MDG: 1,4,5,7,8

BAPPEDA, district Infrastructures

BAPPEDA section

MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7,8

BAPPEDA, District’s planning unit

BAPPEDA, districts Departments

MDG: 4,5,7,8

BAPPEDA, districts Departments

District Department of Housing,

MDG: 4,5,7,8

BAPPEDA, Department of Housing

Create campaign to inform population about proper health behavior Support the Local Health Center with equipment Support the creation and assumption of new qualified heath personal with scholarship Equip Local Health Center, schools and communities with solar implants

Villages, local communities

MDG: 4,5,6,7

BAPPEDA, local NGO’s, BPMD (village and communities Development Body) District Department of Health District Department of Health

territorial

planning

Department

of

Social Services Local Health Center MDG: 4,5,6 Provincial and district Department MDG: 3, 5, 5, 6 of Health, Local Health University Local Communities, District civil MDG: 2,4,5,7 servant of Department of Health, Department of Energy, Department for Infrastructures

Department of Health, Department of Energy, Department for Infrastructures, communities, villages, local Committees, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

28

Local Economy Support local communities with economic and cooperative capacity building; assist groups of workers in the process of formalization and legalization of their status

Informal groups of workers at sub- MDG: 1, 3, 8 District and village level, TTS Network of Farmer

Support Fatumnasi District, Nenas Village and the Local Farmer Network to identify and solve problems that affect their cultivation

Groups of families

Workers and

their

MDG: 1,7,8,

Support to the TTS Farmer Network to create a Secretariat to join, coordinate and inform

Groups of families

Workers and

their

MDG: 1,7,8,

Create a center for research and management for livestock quality at District Level Support local Group of Workers in honey production

District Livestock Department, MDG: 1,7,8 livestock farmer Local Groups of Workers and their MDG: 1,3,7,8 families

Community capacity building about how to produce fertilizer with organic waste

Communities, villages

MDG: 7

Support the District in developing a planning and

Civil servant of district Department

MDG: 4,5,7,8

DEKOPIN (Public Consortium of Cooperative at national level) DEKOPINWIL, (Public Consortium of Cooperative at provincial Level) DEKOPINDA (Public Consortium of Cooperative at district level) LAPENKOP (Training Institute for Cooperative) Provincial Department of Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local NGO, Groups of workers, TTS Network of Farmer, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) BAPPEDA, district Department for Agriculture, TTS Farmer Network, local University, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) BAPPEDA, Farmer Network, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) District Livestock Department, communities, local university Provincial Department of Industry and Trade, provincial Department of Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local, WWF, other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Environment Department of Agriculture and Housing Department, WWF, other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) Local BAPPEDA and district

29

expertise for an system of waste management and processing

of Housing, BAPPEDA

Create a pilot intervention in the Belle Village at cross sector level: water access, activities for reforestation, support to the creation of cooperative, increase community knowledge about proper behavior that can affect health conditions, capacity building in livestock management, development of solar energy implant, biogas, women empowerment

Belle village population

Department of Housing

Cross sector MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7

Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, districts Departments, Belle Village, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

30

District of Flores Timur District profile

The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of 5,963.38 Km2, (land: 1.812,85 Km2 or 31 % and sea: 4,170.53 Km2 or 69 %). The district is administratively divided into 18 sub-Districts Districts and 226 Villages and has a population of 228,099.

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Sub-District Wulanggitang Titehena Ilebura Tanjung Bunga Lewolema Larantuka Ile Mandiri Demon Pagong Solor Barat Solor Timur Adonara Barat Wotanulumado Adonara Tengah Adonara Timur Ile Boleng Witihama Kelubagolit Adonara

Km2 255.96 211.7 48.53 234.55 108.61 75.91 72.24 57.37 150.68 75.66 55.97 75.81 57.99 108.94 51.39 77.97 42.12 46.45

Village 10 12 5 14 7 16 8 6 18 19 16 12 12 19 20 13 12 7

Flores Timur 1807.85 226 Source: Statistic bureau of Flores Timur, 2008

Male 6,523 5,688 3,018 5,526 3,908 6,557 4,492 2,071 5,820 6,628 5,373 3,864 5,477 12,430 6,443 6,689 4,571 4,527 109,605

Female 6,610 6,036 3,293 5,866 4,225 16,957 4,505 2,259 6,988 7,792 5,756 4,003 5,756 13,858 7,711 7,673 5,498 5,145 119,931

Tot. pop.

13,133 11,724 6,311 11,392 8,133 33,514 8,997 4,330 12,808 14,420 11,129 7,867 11,233 26,288 14,154 14,362 10,069 9,672 229,536

HH 2915 2913 1484 2426 1795 7107 2061 1059 3070 3691 2500 1866 2596 6362 4155 4215 3042 2533 55,790

Pop Density 51.31 55.38 130.04 48.57 74.88 441.50 124.54 75.47 85.00 190.59 198.84 103.77 193.71 241.31 275.42 184.20 239.06 208.22 126.97

31

Flores Timur district has 4 volcanoes, Gunung Lewotobi laki-laki (1,584 m), Gunung Lewotobi Perempuan (1,703 m), Gunung Leraboleng (1,117 m), and Gunung Ile Boleng (1,659 m). The district has dry a climate with average rainfall of 1,263 mm/year and rain 60-150 days /year.

The District includes the eastern part of Flores Island, the island of Adonara and Solor and other small islands. Most of the population is Catholic, followed by Muslim.

The District’s economy is based mainly on fishery, sea farming, agriculture and livestock. Access to this District is mainly by road from the main Flores Island, by air to the airport of Gewayantana, and by the seaport of Larantuka. There are also smaller seaports around the islands.

Priorities and Development Issues The main priorities of the District are related to Health, Education, Infrastructure, Food and Nutrition Security.

Health

Mother and infant mortality rates are high compared with both national and Provincial standards. Mother mortality rate in 2008 was 317/100.000. Lack of health personnel and centers and food insecurity seem to be the main causes. In villages where a midwife is present in the local health center the rates are lower, however only some villages offer this service. Also, the quality of health personnel is often low.

The main health problems are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infections), malaria and HIV. Leprosy is still present in this area, 88 new cases of leprosy where registered in 2009, with increasing numbers over the last years.

The main problems regarding health services are lack of qualified personnel, lack of equipment, lack of access to water for local 32

health centers and lack of adequate structures. Many villages, especially the remote ones, have great difficulties in reaching local health centers. Lack of community knowledge on health issues and poor economic conditions also contribute to the health problem.

Education

School infrastructure and classrooms as well as the number of teachers, cannot cover local need.

Also, the quality of education and school management needs to be increased.

Due to these problems and a lack of awareness of communities about the importance of education, many children drop out of school early with rates of students that reach high school level very low. The drop out rate between Elementary School and Junior high School can often be attributed to the distance and the student’s family economic situation (usually the junior high school is located in the capital of sub-District or District).

Women have less opportunity than men to achieve high level of education.

The District Government supports only two kindergartens and another 160 structures have been established by private sector. Some professional schools are present in the District area; to support the quality of their training could help to solve the problem of unemployment.

Infrastructures

Only 40-50% of the population has direct access to clean water. The area has many natural water sources (only 26 of the 281 are actually used: though some have little water debit and some are located at low areas with difficult access) and lakes, but there is a lack of water connection and infrastructure.

Electricity cannot reach the entire population. Some communities and villages are willing to share the costs of electrical mini-plants and would like training in managing them for their sustainability.

Communities are also interested in the possible use of renewable energy.

30% of houses do not meet the required health standard.

Communication and transportation are a big problem: 70% of the 500 Km of roads in Flores Timur are in bad condition and vehicles cannot reach some villages.

33

The District plan is trying to increase the quality of communication because this problem affects the local economy, health and education. However, resources are limited and allocated according to need.

Environment

The principal technique of farmers is slash & burn, which is contributing to rising deforestation. Though Flores is a green island with many water sources, local behaviors and climate changes are contributing to rapidly enlarging dry lands. The existing mangrove forest is decreased and the sand mining is uncontrolled, leading to environmental degradation.

Economy

The District has significant natural resources. There is good potential for coconut, cashew nut and candlenut farming, but many trees are old and will need replanting for better production in the future.

The geographical conformation also creates big potential in fisheries, alga (sea weed: eucheuma cotonii) and pearl farming.

The district’s unemployment rate is 38%. Most of the productive labor force works outside the area (in other districts or abroad), so many prospective areas cannot be utilized. District policy to select and provide support to persons in requesting visas and passport to work abroad aggravate the situation.

The cooperative sector has good potential; the District has 300 microenterprises, 1064 groups of workers and 22 cooperatives (11 now inactive).

Local products are usually sold at a low price, due to a lack of knowledge about how to treat and process them and the fact that access to the market for small producers is limited. Poor transportation conditions mean communities have to spend a high proportion of their income on this.

34

Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.

Example of possible actions

MGD Beneficiaries Millennum Development Goals Governance and decentralization

Local counterpart

Support a local policy for employment to create alternatives to the actual emigration policy Support villages in the management of human resources and funds and participatory planning Support local district Department in organizing services for cooperatives

Unemployed people (38% of the population) Head of villages, village Councils

MDG: 1, 3

District Social Department

MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7

District Department for Cooperative, groups of workers

MDG: 1,8

Sub-District, villages, OXFAMM NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) District Department for Cooperative

Support the special program of the district Department of Heath to ensure health insurance for all the district’s population

Civil Servant of district Health and Social Department, 6.000 persons that actually don’t have health insurance Health civil servant, medical and paramedical staff Health civil servant, medical and paramedical staff Woman of PKK organization (network at sub-district and villages level)

MDG: 1,4,5,6,8

District Health and Social Department

MDG: 6,8

District Health and Social Department, local NGO, local center for leprosy District Health and Social Department, local NGO District Department of Social Services, local NGOs, PKK, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

All district population, local medical e paramedical staff

MDG: 4,5,6,8

District Health Department, Tanjung Bunga Puskesmas

Teachers, students District and sub-District civil servant

MDG: 1,2,8 MDG: 1,3,6,8

District Department for Education District Department for Social Services

Social Services

Increase District health knowledge and expertise do eradicate leprosy Increase District health Knowledge and expertise in fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Support the Tanjung Bunga PKK women’s organization with capacity building (proper health behaviors, food security, food processing, importance of education, women’s cooperative and entrepreneurship) Support the local health center of Tanjung Bunga with a direct access to water and medical equipments Built new classrooms for local elementary school Increase quality and effectiveness of local family

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

35

planning Support the District hospital with a boat mobile Center of Health to reach remote villages by sea; support relative health personnel Support access to high school level of education by creating scholarships for students Support Bahinga Polindes with equipment and new structure and infrastructure (water access, electricity) Support local communities to establish a water connection to the Waibele (Asmara) Lake Support the Bahinga Village with access to electricity

District Hospital, population

all

District

MDG: 4,5,6,8

District Department for Health

District’s students

MDG: 2,3,8

District Department for Education

Women and mothers of Bahinga village and their children

MDG: 3,4,5,8

District Department for Health, Bahinga village and Council

Villages and local community

MDG: 4,5,7,8

All the Bahinga community

MDG: 2,4,5,8

District Department for Infrastructure, Bahinga ommunity, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) District Department for Infrastructure, Bahinga community, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Local Economy Support local professional schools in increasing quality of courses Support the creation of new plantation of coconut, cashew nut, and cocoa; capacity building on plantation; support workers for creation or revitalization of cooperative Support Bahinga Villlage and his group of fisherman with fishery equipment, tools and capacity building

Teachers of local professional schools, unemployed people Farmers, unemployed people

MDG: 1,2,3,7,8

Bahinga fisherman group person) and their families

MDG: 1,5,7,8

(50

MDG; 1,7,8

District Department for Education, local professional schools Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro Small and Medium Enterprise, district Department for Agriculture, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body) Provincial Department for Fishery and Marine, Bahinga Head of Village and Council, group of fisherman, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Environment Support communities and villages with communicative campaign about the risks of some dangerous behavior (burning waste, massive deforestation, slash & burn practice); capacity building on alternative practices

Local communities

MDG: 4,5,7,8

Local Environmental Body and districts Departments of Agriculture, Forestry, Education and Health OXFAM NGO and other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

36

District of Sabu Raijua District profile District of Sabu Raijua is the youngest district d in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. rovince. It was part of Kupang District, but has been autonomous since June 2009.

2009. It covers an area of 460.78 Km2 (2,8% from the total province e width) and consists cons of 6 sub-Districts and 63 Villages. Itss population is 99,530, 60% of whom are classified as poor.

Km2

Sub-District

Village

Male

Female

Total Pop.

Household ousehold

Pop/ Km2 (Density)

Raijua

36.97

5

5,034

4,706

9,740

1,998

263

Sabu Barat

174.10

18

15,936

16,513

32,449

6,324

186

Hawu Mehara

65.36

10

9,553

9,505

19,058

4,010

292

Sabu Timur

60.45

10

5,224

5,131

10,355

1,931

171

Sabu Liae

57.05

12

5,941

5,951

11,892

2,453

208

Sabu Tengah

66.85

8

4,144

11,892

16,036

1,674

240

460.78

63

45,832

53,698

99,530

18,390

216

Total

Source: Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008 Geographically, this District istrict has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between Timor and Sumba Islands, with maximum height 351 m dpl. The land is mainly consists of plaster, stone,, and unfertile soil. It has semi arid climate shown n by a longer dry season

(March–December) ecember)

and

shorter rainy season (December(December February). It is one of the driest areas in the Province. rovince. For example, in 2003, some sub-Districts had no rain at all during

the

year,

while

others

experienced only 17 days of rain.

This district can be reached from Kupang Kupang-Province Province capital city by small plane in 45 minutes, m by ferry in 13 hours (there are only two trips a week).

37

Most of the population depends on small-scale dry-land land agriculture. Crops suited to dry-land areas are maize, shorgum,

green-bean, bean,

ground-nut, ground

onion, cashew nut, and palmyra palm (borasus sp.). Palmyra palm can also be used as a source of food for the population,, livestock and also for housing sing and furniture. Coastal area communities greatly depend on alga (eucheuma cotonii) farming. The production per year is 4000 tons. Some people in coastal areas area produce salt and catch fish by applying traditional techniques.

Priorities and Development Issues Water

Water availability for household and agricultural needs is still a big problem. The efforts to catch rainwater by constructing dams and water traps trap have not succeeded in meeting the need needs of the community. Many dams could not conserve water for f a long period due to high absorption and sedimentation. Water springs in some area areas have not been used optimally as they are located in lowland areas where the water flows onto the sea. Water connection nection for daily and agricultu agricultural needs do not reach all of the population, population this is due to limited water resources and poor quality of water connection.

Environment

Lack of vegetation and hilly topography make the top land surface easily eroded by wind and water. Improper practices in managing agricultural land also affects affect the quality of environment.

The number of trees has decreased as they have been cut down for construction and energy needs (woodfire). Reforestation programs program inevitably fail due to the extreme dry season and the new plants becoming feed for livestock.

Village regulation on livestock cannot be effectively implemented. Land ownership status also plays a role in impeding the participation of the community to implant trees in the field. ld. There should a strong commitment from the traditional community to improve the environmental condition.

The lack of regulations in mining activities

38

has adverse effects on the condition of areas in which mining is practiced (stone and sand mining in particular), particularly river and costal areas. area Energy

Fuel energy is still limited in this district as there has not been a fuel tank that has been able to meet the needs of the people. In west wind season, the th region can be isolated for 1-2 1 months because vessels are unable to pass the waves wave in Sabu. It contributes to the lack of fuel stock and the people’s dependence on firewood.

Electricity only serves few people from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Scratched and separated shelters also create difficulties in electrical connections. connection Solar, olar, wind, and ethanol energies are possible alternative energy sources.

Economy

Potential in inland area has not been managed well. The population finds land management difficult because of the limited capacity in water management and in dry-land dry land agriculture agriculture. In the past, the people depended on Palmyra trees and green bean. Nowadays, there are many more alternatives, such as developing agriculture products and other small-scale small scale enterprises.

Alga farming (eucheuma cotonii) has become the main economic activity in isolated areas and there is a big potential for trade and market of this product.

Potential in fisheries ies has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish and processing them. Fishing enterprises enterprise are conducted by using simple and traditional tools and only utilized by a few people in coastal area areas.

Economic groups in the community haven’t be been developed or organized well; farmers do not have a strong bargaining position and don’t have good access to market information.

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Health

This new District faces a significant lack of health staff in regards to both quantity and quality, as well as problems accessing tools, equipment and drugs. A health centre is present in almost every area but they are unused. There is a hospital but there is still a lack of equipment and personnel.

At the moment there are only 2 medical staff in Sabu. Sanitation infrastructure is also limited and the

community

rarely

uses

it

in

their

neighborhood. Lack of economic capacity and knowledge also affects the health condition of the community, an example being the communities’ capacity to obtain and process nutritious food.

Number of health infrastructure and personnel per sub-District in Sabu Raijua District

SubPuskes Posyandu Traditional District Hospital Mas Pustu Polindes Posyandu Doctor Nurse Midwife Cadres midwife Raijua 0 1 4 0 25 0 6 3 98 22 Sabu Barat 1 1 6 9 51 0 5 7 255 37 Hawu Mehara 0 2 4 0 33 0 3 5 161 20 Sabu Timur 0 1 7 3 24 2 5 5 120 34 Sabu Liae 0 1 4 0 28 0 3 5 74 20 Sabu Tengah 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 5 104 38 Total 1 6 25 12 183 2 22 30 812 171 Source: adapted from Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008 Education

The district suffers from lack of teachers in terms of quantity and quality. Efforts have been made by school management and school committees to recruit Senior High School graduates as assisting teachers (Contract teachers).

This effort also faces difficulties because of lack of budget to recruit additional teacher, and the absence of sufficient qualified teachers.

Problems also arise in providing other supporting facilities, like textbooks, library, laboratory, and electricity. The distance from home to school is one of the causes of low student enrollment as

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well as the economic condition of families. These factors limit the access of students to higher education.

Fishery and marine professional schools have the potential to create a skilled generation in this field and might develop the economic life of the area. But the lack of teachers and infrastructure limits this.

Number of schools and teachers per sub-District in Sabu Raijua district Junior High Sub-District Primary Teachers Students School Teachers Raijua 7 53 1076 1 17 Sabu Barat 25 248 4129 3 52 Hawu Mehara 13 129 2652 1 17 Sabu Timur 10 52 982 1 24 Sabu Liae 15 95 1535 1 19 Sabu Tengah 9 28 1356 1 3 Total District 79 605 11730 8 132 Source: Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008

Students 204 1104 631 477 470 243 3129

Senior high School 0 3 0 1 0 0 4

Teachers 0 77 0 29 0 0 106

Students 0 1192 0 445 0 0 1637

Governance

As a newly established District, the government faces a big challenge in running good and clean governance. Civil servants arebeing prepared to face the development problems in the future.

The existing government hopes to get support from many agencies to increase the capacity of personnel. Accurate data availability from every region could contribute strongly to development planning.

Infrastructure

This new District faces a big problem in infrastructure. Roads to sub-Districts are in bad condition, buildings for departments and agencies are under construction, communication means (telephone) are still limited and constantly inoperative and the quality of the harbor and airport needs to be improved and optimized to open the connection between other areas.

Area planning

As a new District, Sabu has to arrange its own “Area Planning�, to be referred to in the Provincial and National policy paper: this plan will be the basis for long-term development efforts. The local government hopes to receive support from other agencies to conduct comprehensive planning.

Culture

Revitalization of Sabu culture would contribute to the development process of this District. A cultural approach is needed to solve development problems. For example, the role of traditional leaders and landlords are very important in relation to area planning.

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Historical and cultural centers of Sabunese do not receive proper attention. The conservation and development of local cultural assets would bring economic benefits, enrich tourism and create natural incentives.

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Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.

Examples of possible actions

MDG Millennium Beneficiaries Development Goals Governance and decentralisation

Increase the capacity of governmental personnel in providing services to the community: - Planning, policy making, management and accountability

District planning personnel and village structure

Campaign on clean and healthy life Increase the quantity and quality of health infrastructure: equipment, laboratory, sanitation of environment Increase the capacity of paramedical staffs (midwives, nurses) and health cadres (traditional midwives) Providing scholarship for sending people studying in health sector as the anticipation of future need Increase teachers capacity in public and professional school (fishery program) Increase the structure and infrastructure of public schools and fishery professional school (books, teaching aid, library and laboratory) Increase the capacity of school management, laboratory and library personnel Scholarship for providing teachers Campaign on the importance of education Improve the access of the community to clean water by creating new wells Increase the number and improve the rain catching

Local Partner

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Province and District governments, NGO, local University and research agency

Health Department, community, health cadres for Posyandu, paramedical staffs, Community Health Centre (Puskesmas), Pustu, village health centre (Polindes), University

MDG: 2,3,4,5,6,8

Provincial and District health Department, NGO, University and professional association on health

District Department for Education, teachers, students, community, school committee, University

MDG: 2,3,8

District Department for Education, teacher, students, community, school committee, University

District Department for Infrastructures, district Department for Agriculture,

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

District Department for Infrastructures, district Department for Agriculture, district water agency,

Social services -

-

-

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infrastructure (dam, rain water trap) Assist the community around dam to use and conserve water optimally Increase the quality of clean water network and agriculture Practical technology to flow water from lowland area into upland area Improve the capacity of civil servants related to catching rain water

district Water Agency, farmers group, health centers, school

Capacity building for community’s groups related to economy and cooperative; assistance to formalize and legalize the status of cooperatives To increase group’s capacity in processing agricultural and fishery products Support to increase the quality and prive of alga (sea weed): - Capacity building for farmers’ group to increase the quality of alga - Increase the post harvesting management - Manage and open a direct market for alga

District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, community’s group, women’s group

MDG: 1,3,8

District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, community’s group, women’s group, NGO, bank, University

District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, district Department for Fishery and Marine, community’s group, women’s group, local alga’s traders Department for Fishery and Marine, traditional fisherman, communities at coastal area

MDG: 1,3,8

District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, district Department for Fishery and Marine; professional school, University and local traders association

MDG: 1,3,8

Department for Fishery and Marine, NGO, Fishery professional School

District Department for Mining and Energy, communities, school, health centre

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,7,8

District Departments for Infrastructure, Mining and Energy, Health, Education; sub-district and village governments, NGO, private sector

MDG: 1,2,3,7,8

District Department for Environment and Education, NGO, community, land-lord

-

farmers group, health centers, school

Economy

Support for fishery development : - Increase the capacity of the personnel in managing marine resources - Capacity buildings for communities in catching and processing fishery product - Support for providing fishery tools and equipment Developing renewable energy for supporting economy, education, and health activities for the community; Solar, wind, ethanol

Environment Increase the capacity of personnel and community in managing environment; campaign on environment conservation

Local government, community, landlord, livestock owner, school

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Planting trees in the yard, reforestation in critical areas, palm trees conservation as a source of food and energy, conserving mangrove trees Developing city and territorial planning in participatory way

Communities

MDG: 1,2,3,7,8

Local government, BAPPEDA, community

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Renovating Traditional houses

Traditional community, district government

MDG: 1,4,5,6,8

Promoting tourism

District Department Tourism, community

MDG: 1,3,8

District Departments for Forestry and Environment, sub-District and village governments, community, school District and provincial BAPPEDA, university, NGO, community

Culture

for

Districts Departments for Public Works, Health, Tourism and Culture, traditional community District Department for Tourism and culture, local organizer for tourism

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ART GOLD Provincial Working Group in East Nusa Tenggara Timur Province is

Marius Jelamu Condrat Djo I Made Dony Harthayasa Gabriel Ndawa Frits O. Laoebela Diani. T.A. Ledo Fritz D. Bua Mone Maria Silalahi Vincentius Sunardi Agust M. Usfinit Daiman Wahid Sherley Wila Huki

Provincial Planning Board (BAPPEDA) COORDINATOR Provincial Department for Culture and Tourism Provincial Department for Environment Provincial Department for Agriculture Provincial Department for Cooperative, and Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises Provincial Department for Industry and Trade Provincial Department for Education, Youth and Sport Provincial Department for Health Provincial Department for Fisheries and Marine Provincial Department for Mining and Energy Provincial Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Joint Secretariat Province Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Economic sector

Sil Leki

University of Nusa Cendana

Paskalis Nai

SDM NGO

Winston Rondo

CIS Timor, Central Information Service NGO

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