INDONESIA - Gorontalo

ART GOLD UNDP INDONESIA -2009

Provincial Development Guidelines 2009

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Table of contents

Chapter I Background and methodology 1. Background 2. Research methodology Chapter II Profile of Gorontalo Province 1. Geography and Population 2. Development 3. Gorontalo’s entrepreneurial development Chapter III Development issues and priorities in Gorontalo 1. Development issues in Gorontalo 2. Development priorities in Gorontalo Chapter IV Profiles and priorities in the regions and city of Gorontalo 1. Profile and issues of the City of Gorontalo 2. Profile and issues of the District of Gorontalo 3. Profile and issues of the District of Pohuwato Chapter V Conclusion Annex 1 Aspiration Plan

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Chapter I

Background and methodology

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A.

Background ART GOLD (Articulating Good Local Development) Program is part of the initiative from the Hub for Innovative Partnership in the UNDP that encourages regional development and more effective local government in the areas of local participation, local economic development, increasing access to local services, including health and education. In Indonesia, the ART GOLD program seeks to improve the capacity of local government to provide greater services to the population and to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The program has two pilot projects, the provinces of Gorontalo and NTT. The province of Gorontalo was selected due to its young age and its dynamic entrepreneurial spirit, as well as its potential for good local development. Further, the province was selected for its low rankings in the Human Development Index and the potential improvement that can be achieved. Finally, the province was selected because it has demonstrated its potential through its “Agropolitan” policies which have led to a large increase in its corn production and to the nickname of the ‘Corn Province’.

The province began its ART GOLD activities in meetings of territories in Morocco in 2008.

Following that meeting, the province of Gorontalo embarked on a process of SouthSouth Cooperation with South Province in Sri Lanka. Since that time, the two provinces have embarked on a process of partnership, agreeing to share knowledge and experiences in the areas of Agriculture, Health and Education. The two parties have exchanged visits at a political level, and have recently had a technical mission dealing with issues surrounding raising corn production, a specialty of Gorontalo province.

Further exchanges are being planned. The ART GOLD program is active in three areas of the province; the city of Gorontalo, the District of Gorontalo, and the District of Pohuwato. It is hoped that in the future, the program will expand to cover the entire province.

This document consists of information collected at the provincial level, as well as from the three selected Districts which will implement the program. Further, the document is designed to inform potential partners of the development possibilities of the province in the hope that international partnerships can be achieved within the ART GOLD methodology.

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Methodology 1.

Method The Provincial Development Guidelines followed a process of consultation at the sub-District level by way of community meetings with village heads, civil society, local government officials and interested participants. Further, the research encapsulated a process of collecting information by direct field visits. Next, the data was collated and analyzed by the Provincial Working Group (PWG) made up of sectoral representatives from the provincial government and a local university working as unit to create a multi-sectoral document. The PWG also utilized the preexisting plans created by the different ministries and the province. Finally, the PWG

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validated the information through consultations with the selected District planning bodies.

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Scope The scope of the activities for the creation of the Provincial Development Guidelines included: a. Review of sectoral priorities. Each sectoral representative reviewed and updated their respective sectoral priorities in a planning matrix for Development at the provincial level. b. Sub-District Workshops: the Provincial Working Group held a series of workshops at the Sub-District level which involved consultation regarding the different priority issues faced in the area. The Sub-Districts were selected to provide a good mix of development issues:  In the District of Pohuwato, meetings were held in the sub-Districts of Taluditi, Dengilo and Patilanggio  In the District of Gorontalo, meetings were held in the sub-Districts of Telaga Biru, Boliohuto and Tibawa.  In the city of Gorontalo, meetings were held in the sub-Districts of Kota Timur, Kota Barat, and Kota Utara c. Focus: The workshops focused on five main areas, but allowances were made to include other issues as mentioned. The five areas were: Education, Health, Local Economic Development, Environment, and Tourism. d. Consultation and Validation: Consultations occurred at the District level in the selected areas. e. Approval: The document was presented at the provincial level for final approval.

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Chapter II

The Province of Gorontalo

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A.

Geography and Demographics The province of Gorontalo is situated in the north of the island of Sulawesi and consists of one capital city and 5 Districts, 47 sub-Districts, 385 villages and 65 small territories.

The province is located between longitude 121, 23’- 123, 43’ east and 0, 19’- 1, 15’ north.

The province covers 12,215.44 square kilometers and is bordered by the sea in the north and south, by the province of North Sulawesi to the east and the province of Central Sulawesi to the west.

The province of Gorontalo is located in a mountainous area. The highest mountain is Mt. Tabongo reaching 2,100 meters above sea level.

Further, the province is home to several good sized rivers, the longest being Paguyaman in the District of Boalemo.

Table 1. Capital City and Districts Distance to Capital of Province (km)

Capital

Areas (km2)

Boalemo

Tilamuta

2.567,36

105

Bone Bolango

Suwawa

1.984,31

9

Gorontalo

Limboto

2.124,60

16

Pohuwato

Marisa

4.244,31

172

Gorontalo Utara

Kwandang

1.230,07

100

Gorontalo City (Capital of Province)

Gorontalo

64,79

District/City

-

Source: Gorontalo in Figures, Province of Gorontalo, 2008

The demographic characteristics of the province are a little bit different from the rest of Indonesia with a higher ratio of people living in an urban setting rather than a rural one.

The total population of the province is 972,208 people, with 45% of the people living in the District of Gorontalo (339,620). The Districts of Pohuwato and Boalemo together have about 13.3% of the population, or 127, 639 people. The District of Bone Bolango has 13.3% of the total at 130,025 people and the District of North Gorontalo has 9.8% or 95,177 people. The capital city, also called Gorontalo, has 22.95% of the population or 165,175 people.

In comparison between the different Districts, we see that the city of Gorontalo has a population density of 2,413 people per km², while the other areas of the province have a density of approximately 100 people per km². This difference in population densities and land distribution means that there are different priorities between the areas selected.

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B.

Development Issues 1.

Economic Indicators The province of Gorontalo is one of the few areas in Indonesia that has seen strong economic growth over the last several years, albeit from a very low base. The province has achieved economic growth at a higher level than the national average due to its dynamic and entrepreneurial spirit, and has achieved an average of 5% growth every year since 2004, the second best on the island of Sulawesi.

Table 2. Macro-economic indicators, Province of Gorontalo, 2004-2008 Economic Indicators Economic Growth Inflation GDRP current market prices (Million Rupiah) GDRP constant market prices (Million Rupiah) GDRP Per capita current market prices Export (Ton)

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

7,51

7,76

6,93

7,19

7,30

8,64 2.801,544

18,55 3.480,567

7,54 4.062,285

7,02 4.760,70

9,20 5.899,79

1.891,763

2.027,723

2.175,815

2.339,22

2.520,67

3.126.710

3.717.402

4.283.755

4.957.328

6.068.441

3.041.438

7.109.141

14.697.035 21.242.115 24.253.005

Source: Indicators of Economy, Province of Gorontalo, 2009

Gorontalo’s economic performance in 2008 continued the trend. The province has achieved this performance mainly in the sectors of Agriculture and Manufacturing.

In recent times, Public Sector spending on infrastructure has also added to economic development indicators in the provincial GDP. Gorontalo has been blessed with significant natural resources, and these can be the basis for further economic growth in the future. The concept of “Agropolitan� development is focused on rice and corn, but it is hoped to expand beyond these two commodities.

Agriculture Sector The agricultural sector focuses on a total of 419,183 ha of which 390,929 ha is Dry land and 28,254 ha is Wetland. The total number of people working in the sector increased by 21.49% between 2006 and 2008, and estimates show that there is still further room for employment gains.

The bulk of the agriculture performance in the province is due to the production of corn. Gorontalo has seen increases in productivity in its corn production every year since 2001. In 2007, the province produced 572,785 tons, but in 2008 the figure had reached 752,727 tons, an increase of 23.91%. This was due to the

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increase in land in production (an additional 9,912 ha) and an increase of yield per ha of 34.17 %.

The next area of potential agricultural development in Gorontalo is fisheries and aquaculture.

There is great potential in fisheries and aquaculture in the province of Gorontalo. From a total area of 50,500 km², there is 7,400 km² of coastal water to the south, 3,100 km² of coastal water to the north, and an Exclusive Economic Zone of 40,000 km² for the province as a whole. Further, there are 590 km of coast line in the south, and 320 km of coast line in the north.

The aforementioned area of ocean delivers a total fishery catch of 595,630 tons per year in the south and 630,470 tons per year in the north. But, the province of Gorontalo does not have a sufficient number of fishing boats, so the production is taken by neighboring provinces under a quota system. Gorontalo has the ability to harvest approximately 92,000 tons per year. Even that production quota is not met as besides the lack of fishing boats, Gorontalo also suffers from a lack of technology, and a lack of investment capital.

Further, the area suffers from illegal fishing.

In terms of fresh water fisheries, the province has the potential of catching 900 tons per year.

Gorontalo has a nascent fish farming industry with a potential estimated production of 339, 268 tons per year, but at the moment produces 30,870 tons per year (9.09%). The reasons for the low catch are the same as above.

Forestry The province of Gorontalo has a potential of ± 826.378,12 hectares. The production forest consists of 463.302,60 /56.06%, protected forest for environmental reasons consists of 165.448.67/20,02%, and forest set aside for conservation purposes is 197,586.85 /23.91%.

There is a potential total of ± 673.736 ha of forest that is not being used, but could be. It has the potential to be used for wood furniture-making, rattan, resin, beekeeping for honey production, etc. But, there is a recognized need on the part of the people in Gorontalo that the forest must be well-managed and preserved so

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that the province does not suffer from debilitating environmental damage. Further, Gorontalo suffers from some illegal logging, and has taken steps to halt this practice.

Animal husbandry There are a wide variety of animals husbanded in Gorontalo. In 2006, the population of poultry reached 1.78 million, cows reached 209,011. Beef production reached 14,149 units slaughtered, and 11,511 cows were exported to neighboring areas.

There are several different possibilities for the future of animal husbandry.

Currently, the industry mainly practices traditional methods of raising animals, and there is room for improvement in its practices.

Mining and energy Gorontalo has tremendous potential in mining and energy. Among the minerals already found are: gold, silver, limestone, copper, granite, feldspar, clay, and varieties of sand. This potential could raise the economic wealth and benefits for the people of Gorontalo. The mineral wealth is concentrated in the Districts of Gorontalo and Pohuwato, but there is also concern regarding ongoing illegal mining activities.

All of the electricity produced in Gorontalo is done by the national power company, with the exception of a few small solar power projects in remote areas.

In 2005, the company provided 131.154.182 kilowatt hours. The average household uses 1.094 kilowatt hours per year. Gorontalo has potential for renewable electricity supplies in both hydro-electric and wind power.

Farming sector In the province of Gorontalo, there is a potential of 1,020,000 ha that could be developed, including 180.019,81 Ha of potential farmland. Potential and current crops in Gorontalo include: coconut, cashew nuts, coffee, cassava, nutmeg, vanilla, sugar palm, cloves, black/ white pepper, sugar cane, and spices. There is also the potential for the development of natural medicines

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Tourism sector The tourism destinations in the province are spread out across the area, and consist of sites that can serve both local and international travelers. The sites often showcase local cultural identity. Among the main sites are:

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Benteng Otanaha (old Portuguese fort)

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The beach at Pohe and other beach locations across the province

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The diving at Olele National Marine Reserve.

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Pentadio Resort

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lake Limboto

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Traditional houses

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Numerous natural hot springs and waterfalls

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Kilometers of prime beach front area

Social and Cultural development indicators a. Education According the census data from 2007, the literacy rate in Gorontalo has reached 95.8%. Of every 100 students aged 10 years, four do not have the ability to read or write. The city of Gorontalo has the highest literacy rate at 99.5%, and the District of Gorontalo has the lowest at 93.6%.

The number of students who enter and do not finish elementary school in the province has been declining at a steady rate. In 2001, 44.82% of enrolled students did not finish elementary school, but by 2007 that number had

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decreased to 37.57%. The education system in the city of Gorontalo is better than the surrounding areas. In the city, approximately 10% of high school leavers go on to study in university. There is a high degree of participation in elementary school, and the number of students who continue their education for junior and senior high school is steadily increasing. b. Health According to the 2005 census, the number of children who were assisted by health professionals was 31%, while 67% of children under five were assisted by local healers. This is a reflection of the mistrust that people in Gorontalo have for the medical profession, but the situation is slowly improving. Further, people in Gorontalo tend to only use the professional medical establishment when they become critically ill, thus providing a skewed portrait of the system.

In 2002, approximately 10% of children under five did not drink mother’s milk, but rather other nourishment which led to malnourishment. By 2005, that number had decreased to 5.82%. The results of this were not uniform across the province; in the District of Gorontalo, the number was 6.09%. In the city of Gorontalo, the number was 5.92%, while in the District of Boalemo it was 5.27%.

Overall, the number of people in the province of Gorontalo who visited a health clinic or hospital in 2005 was about 37%.

Table 3. Facilities of Health Services in Villages, City and District, 2008

No.

City/District

Integrated Health Service Post 132

Health of Villages

Sub-Health of Villages

29

28

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Gorontalo City

2.

Gorontalo District

415

112

103

3.

Boalemo District

149

50

28

4.

Pohuwato District

168

45

30

197

53

40

157

51

11

1.218

340

240

5.

Bone Bolango District 6.

Gorontalo Utara District Gorontalo Province

Source: Health Agency, Province of Gorontalo, 2009

3.

Infrastructure Gorontalo has a total of 930 km of roads that are managed at the provincial level.

The roads break down into 616 km of the trans-Sulawesi highway from the national

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government, and 314 km managed at the provincial level. The roads are of a generally high quality in most places, but rural access is sometimes limited. Further, in line with the ‘Agropolitan’ policy, the government has decided to increase the number of access roads to enable transportation to crops. To date, it has only achieved 15.7% of its target. Finally, supporting infrastructure such as traffic lights and signage are increasing as resources permit.

The province has three harbors which meet the current needs of the population and its businesses. The harbors undergo periodic refurbishment to increase their capacity.

Gorontalo is served by one airport which has recently had its runway lengthened and upgraded to support larger aircraft. Currently, the airport services 2-3 flights a day.

C.

Gorontalo’s Entrepreneurial government The government and province of Gorontalo was created during the reformation and decentralization age in Indonesia, and chose to follow the New Public Management (NPM) strategy. The government follows a path of innovation in its policies and practices and a strategy of achieving results. In fact the government has adopted a slogan of calling itself the ‘Innovation Province’ with a focus on improving its human resources and capacities.

The government of Gorontalo has structured itself differently from other provinces, but has also followed national regulations under PP 41/2007.

GUBERNUR WAKIL GUBERNUR SEKRETARIS DAERAH ASISTEN PELAYANAN PUBLIK

BIRO PMERINTAHAN

DINAS Pendidikan, Pemuda & Olah raga Kesehatan Pekerjaan Umum Perhubungan dan Pariwisata Sosial Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Pertanian& Ketahanan Pangan Perikanan dan Kelautan Koperasi, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan 10. Perkebunan & Peternakan Perkebunan 11. Kehutanan & Pertambangan 1.

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Kemiskinan Badan Investasi Daerah Inspektorat

UPT

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ASISTEN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT

BIRO PENGENDALIAN PEMBANGUNAN & EKONOMI

BIRO PEMBDYAAN PEREMPUAN

Sekretariat DPRD 1.

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Kantor Satpol dan Linmas Kantor Arsip dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kantor Perwakilan

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UPT. Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman UPT. Perlindungan Tanaman UPT. Uji Standar Mutu Barang UPT. Uji Material UPT. Mutu Hasil Perikanan UPT. Benih Pertanian UPT. Samsat UPT. Metrologi UPT. Pengembangan Ternak UPT. Pelayanan Kesehatan Mandiri UPT. Pengembangan Kegiatan Belajar UPT. MAIZE CNTRE

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In terms of institutional arrangements, the government of Gorontalo re-organized itself to follow the structured diagrammed above. The government follows a planning process which utilizes the Human Development Index indicators to measure progress. Further, it uses a process of budget mapping to the sub-Districts in order to measure progress and results. Finally, it has begun a process of increasing accountability to the public.

In order to achieve its goals, the government has begun a process of reaching out to the international community for assistance and ideas on better governance. Further, it has identified five goals for improvement; Networking, Trust, Innovation, Speed, and Prosperity. Finally, it has embarked on a branding campaign to increase its profile, calling itself the “Corn Province�.

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Chapter III

Development issues And Priorities Province of Gorontalo

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A. Macro issues for development in Gorontalo There are many issues that are important for the development process in Gorontalo, but almost all of them have their roots in poverty. This will be the overall focus of development activities for at least the next five years, and the issue will be mainstreamed throughout government policies.

Health The issue of Health is the primary challenge for the Provincial and District governments in Gorontalo. The governments of the area will focus on preventative medicine for the populace. Further, the issues of pregnant women and pre/post natal care will require focus. Finally, the governments would like to see progress achieved on issues surrounding children under five years of age, especially in the area of under and mal nutrition.

Education The primary focus of the Education sector in Gorontalo involves creating opportunities for children to stay in school longer. In the province, there is widespread enrollment for the elementary school level, but enrollment falls for children moving on to junior and senior high school. Currently only 40% of students finish senior high school and only 10% enter university. The government has a focus on improving the human resources and capacities of the population, and this can only be achieved through greater participation in the school system. Further, an improvement in the education levels will lead to a more active and aware population.

Local Economic Development The issue of local economic development will affect all the other issues noted in this section.

The most important economic activity in the province revolves around the issue of Agriculture, and the sector is still mainly a primary producer. The province would like to explore added value opportunities for its natural resources. In the future, Gorontalo would like to see an improvement in its Agribusiness sector, and enhance the development of its Agro-industry.

The province suffers from a lack of available credit, especially in the areas of microcredit for home-based or small business. The province wants to enhance the opportunities for these small businesses to expand within the “entrepreneurial� spirit advocated by the government.

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Agriculture The primary agricultural product in the province of Gorontalo is corn/ maize. In fact the province has received the nickname of the “Corn Province”. There has been tremendous progress in terms of the amount produced and the yield received in the market. Further, the focus on improving corn production has had a direct impact on the income of farmers, rising steadily for the last eight years.

Animal husbandry There is a considerable economic activity regarding the production of cattle and fowl, but it is mainly on a very small scale and is centered on individual households.

Under the “Agripolitan” concept put forth by the government, there is a program called “two, three, four”. This involves one farm/family, two ha of land, three crop rotations, and four heads of cattle. The purpose of this program is to strengthen the family farm, and with the involvement of the private sector, to increase productivity of the entire sector.

Fisheries and Oceans The people of Gorontalo have a close connection to the ocean, and utilize its resources carefully. The province follows a policy of ‘integrated coastal management’ to work with the local populace in managing the resources. Careful management of the resources has a multiplier effect on the economic activity regarding the resource.

Environment The province is aware of the environmental factors surrounding the development processes, and seeks to manage their development in an environmentally sustainable way. Great care is taken to manage activities while protecting natures balance, especially in the areas of flood control and other natural disasters.

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Land management A great deal of the province of Gorontalo is still unsettled and often unexplored properly. There are processes in place between the provincial and district governments on how to utilize the land in a managed, sustainable fashion.

B. Priority issues in development for the Province of Gorontalo The priority issues for development in the province are set out in medium term strategic planning document called RPJMD. The two main issues identified are the development of human resources and capacities, and provincial economic development.

1. To lessen the poverty levels of the population and increase income-equity 2. To provide enhanced health care to the population, especially in the areas of pre/post natal care and malnutrition. Further, policies are being designed to empower the population to be more active in their own health care needs.

3. To improve the quality of teachers across the province, and to develop a more demand responsive curriculum 4. To improve the productivity of all economic activity 5. To develop a more “value-added� agriculture sector, and to promote a more entrepreneurial spirit 6. To utilize the natural resources available in an environmentally sustainable way.

For further discussion on the provincial priorities, see the attached list of potential projects.

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Chapter IV

Profiles and Priorities of the Districts and City

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A.

Gorontalo City 1.

Profile of Gorontalo city The city of Gorontalo, the capital of the province, is a special area within the province, located between the Districts of Gorontalo and Bone Bolango. It encompasses 64.79 km2 and just 0.53% of the land area of the province. It has 6 subDistricts and 49 villages/ territories within its borders.

Table 4. Area and population in sub-Districts of the city Sub-Districts Kota Barat Dungingi Kota Selatan Kota Timur Kota Utara Kota Tengah

Area (Km2) 15,16 4,10 14,39 14,43 16,71 4,31

Number of Population 17.318 18.825 34.274 39.735 29.387 21.991

Number of Villages 7 5 10 11 10 6

Source: Planning Agency, City of Gorontalo, 2008

The city is located at the confluence of three rivers, which is also the location of the port of Gorontalo. The city has mountains to the north, and coastline to the south.

The entire city is between 0-500 meters above sea level.

The city is a center for education and health for the province due to its high population concentration of people and the desire of some to live in an urban setting. See table 5 for information regarding education, health and economics.

Table 5. Economic, health and education data, City of Gorontalo Infrastructure Economic Sectors Port Traditional Markets Banks Cooperation/Economic Enterprise Health Sectors Hospitals Public Health Centre Integrated Health Services Post Sub Public Health Villages of Policlinic Specialist General Practitioner Dentist Provincial Development Guidelines 2009

Numbers 2 8 9 units 218 units 4 units 7 units 127 units 33 units 23 units 19 persons 63 persons 10 persons

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Midwife Medical Personel Health Workers Education Sectors Kindergarten Primary School Junior High School Senior High School Teachers: a. Civil servant b. Honorary

41 persons 292 persons 650 persons 77 units 121 units 28 units 21 units 2863 persons 652 persons

Sumber Data : BPS dan Bappeda Kota Gorontalo, 2008

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Priority issues for the city of Gorontalo The number one issue in the city is the degradation of the local environment which causes annual flooding. This is made worse by a lack the of an effective drainage system. Other issues include agriculture and fisheries which are not managed to their maximum effeciency.

Environment The major issues of the city are a lack of cleanliness, a lack of green space, a lack of housing, and an increasing amount of garbage. In terms of the waste, the gap between the amount produced and the ability of the city to clean it is increasing.

The city produces 683 square meters of waste a day, but only has the ability to clean 383 square meters of waste per day (or 56%) due to a lack of equipment and facilities. Further, the ability of the city to provide enough toilets is limited, forcing many to use streams, rivers and the ocean. This has the effect of damaging the natural environment of the surroundings, and causes health problems for the population. This lack of sanitation is especially significant for the Bugis neighbourhood which is located on the edge of a river.

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Education The issue of education in the city is a little bit different from the surrounding Districts due to the high concentration of schools in the area. The biggest weakness is in the Parent Teacher Associations which have a central role in the management of the facilities, quality of education, teacher training, and costs of education. Further, there is a distinct lack of qualified teachers for the posts available.

Health The issues of health in the city are large. The hospital and the health clinics lack proper medical equipment and tools, and specialist doctors. Further, the costs of medicine are very high and often out of reach for the average person, and are not covered by insurance.

Next, there are widespread areas where under and mal nutrition are prevalent. Finally, there is a serious need to increase the number of sanitary facilities.

Economy There are a few priorities for the economic basis in the city. There is a need to improve and expand the tourist facilities in order to have people stay in the city rather than use it as a transit point for visiting other locations as occurs today. Further, micro-credit schemes could assist in the development and improvement of small and home based industry. Next, there is a need for better development of the fish and ocean related economic activity. Finally, there is a need for improvement of the markets located in the city, with a corresponding improvement of the quality of goods and services.

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B.

District of GORONTALO 1.

Profile of the District of Gorontalo The District of Gorontalo encompasses 3,456 Km2 and 28.30% of the land in the province. It has 17 sub-districts and 200 villages/ territories within its borders.

Table 6. Area and population in sub-Districts of the District of Goronralo Sub-Districts Batudaa Pantai Batudaa Bongomeme Tibawa Pulubala Boliyohuto Mootilango Tolangohula Limboto Limboto Barat Telaga Telaga Biru Biluhu Tabongo Asparaga Tilango Telaga Jaya

Area (Km2) 99,12 30,12 223,98 209,36 191,44 171 182 121,71 127,92 125,28 67,94 91 63,38 43 89,29 4,88 4,98

Number of Population 10.511 12.717 33.333 34.216 22.852 23.493 18.303 20.667 41.916 22.316 18.556 24.263 7.511 16.186 11.970 11.480 9.326

Number of Villages 7 8 19 15 10 15 10 9 12 10 9 13 6 9 4 7 5

Source: Planning Agency, District of Gorontalo, 2009

The District is bordered by the Sulawesi sea to the south. It has many rivers flowing through it and is generally rugged and mountainous. The elevations vary from 02000 meters above sea level, the daily temperatures average between 30-33 degrees during the day, and 27-29 degrees at night. The District has about 2,000 kilometers of road managed by the district government, and the provincial airport.

Tabel 7. Economic, health and education data, District of Gorontalo Infrastructure Economic Sectors Port Traditional Markets Banks Cooperation/Economic Enterprise Health Sectors Hospitals Provincial Development Guidelines 2009

Keterangan 43 units 14 units 268 units 1 units

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Public Health Centre Integrated Health Services Post Sub Public Health Villages of Policlinic Specialist General Practitioner Dentist Midwife Medical Personel Health Workers Education Sectors Kindergarten Primary School Junior High School Senior High School Teachers: c. Civil servants d. Honorary

20 units 499 units 94 units 140 units 1 persons 46 persons 5 persons 91 persons 277 persons 1679 persons 165 units 313 units 100 units 20 units 3640 persons 1104 persons

Source : Profile of District of Gorontalo, 2008

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Priority issues in the District of Gorontalo The four main issues for the District are the damage to Lake Limboto (Environment), Economy, Education, and Health.

Environment The two main issues are the damage to Lake Limboto and the illegal mining of gold.

In 1932, Lake Limboto had an average depth of 30 meters. In 1955, the average depth was 16 meters. In 1961, the average depth was 10 meters. In 2008 the average depth was 2.5 meters. It is projected that by the year 2025, the lake will not exist anymore.

This is due to an increase of sedimentation, a local plant called ‘enceng gondok’ which harms the lake and covers 70% of the total area, the destruction of the surrounding forest, and over use of the water by human population.

The other major factor affecting the lake comes from illegal mining. The illegal miners use mercury in their work, and the mercury has entered the rivers which flow into lake Limboto, killing much of the natural vegetation and wildlife.

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Economy The bulk of the economic activity in the District revolves around agriculture, but the current practices utilize rain water for watering the crops. If there was an irrigation system in place, it would lead to higher yields and better production. Further, the infrastructure comprising of access roads and bridges is lacking, and thus cause difficulties getting produce to market. Next, there is a need for greater number of Agricultural extension workers to assist the farmers. Finally, there is a need to assist the farmers with the marketing of their efforts.

Further economic activity centers on the creation of handicrafts made by women, the raising of livestock, and the development of hot springs as a tourist destination.

Education The system of Education in the District is similar to other locations in the province.

At the elementary school level, there is adequate enrollment, but by the time students get to junior high school, there are fewer teachers and facilities and thus opportunities. Further, there is a general lack of adequate facilities at the schools, the number of teachers is below what is needed and the cost of education is high.

Health The hospital and the health clinics lack proper medical equipment and tools, and specialist doctors. Further, the costs of medicine are very high and often out of reach for the average person, and are not covered by insurance. Next, there are widespread areas where under and mal nutrition are prevalent. Finally, there is a serious need to increase the number of sanitary facilities.

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C.

District of POHUWATO 1.

Profile of the District of Pohuwato The District of Pohuwato is the westernmost District of the province. It has 15 subDistricts and 103 villages/ territories within its borders. It covers an area of 4,224 km2 and 36% of the land in the province.

Table 8. Area and population in sub-Districts of the District of Pohuwato Sub-Districts

Area (Km2)

Paguat Dengilo Marisa Buntulia Duhiadaa Taluditi Lemito Wanggarasi Popayato Popayato Barat Popayato Timur Randangan Patilanggio Jumlah

560,93 242,39 34,65 375,64 39,53 159,97 619,5 188,08 90,92 578,24 723,74 331,9 298,82 4.244,31

Number of Population 14.750 5.188 14.567 9.672 10.085 7.917 10.755 4.694 8.706 6.806 7.830 14.698 8.058 123.726

Number of Villages 11 5 8 7 8 6 8 7 10 7 7 13 6 103

Source : Planning Agency, District of Pohuwato, 2008

The District supports many agricultural activities. There are 4,299 ha of rice paddies, 43,536 ha of other, non irrigated agriculture land (mostly corn production), 11,616 ha of rain soaked agriculture land, 11,674 ha of housing.

Further, the District has 227.896 ha of forest which is undeveloped and often unexplored.

The District has 164 km of coast line and 51 small islands. This includes 9,000 ha of mangrove forest, and 2,747 ha of coral beds. The District has a potential fisheries catch of 10,200 tons per year, but at the moment harvests only 68% of that.

In the forestry sector, Pohuwato has the potential to use 380,344 ha, but this is an underdeveloped industry. With the proper investment, the District could produce more wood for use in furniture making, rattan and wicker, bee-keeping, and other activities.

There is good potential mineral wealth in the District, but the prospects have not yet been fully explored. Among the minerals already found are: gold, silver, limestone, copper, granite, feldspar, clay, and varieties of sand. This potential could

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raise the economic wealth and benefits for the people of Pohuwato. There is also concern regarding ongoing illegal mining activities.

In the energy sector, all of the electricity is managed by the state power company.

The District has electricity in the most densely inhabited areas, but does not have coverage across the entire District. There is potential for hydroelectricity in the many rivers and waterfalls.

Pohuwato is the major corn producing area of the province. Further, there are many rice paddies, of which some are irrigated. The two main issues for the agricultural sector are access roads for the crops and expanding the irrigation network.

Table 9. Economic, health and education data, District of Pohuwato Infrastructure Economic Sectors Port Traditional Markets Banks Cooperation/Economic Enterprise Health Sectors Hospitals Public Health Centre Integrated Health Services Post Sub Public Health Villages of Policlinic Specialist General Practitioner Dentist Midwife Medical Personel Health Workers Education Sectors Kindergarten Primary School Yunior Hight School Senior Hight School Teachers: e. Civil servant f. Honorary

Keterangan 1 10 units 7 units 93 units 1 units 10 units 178 units 33 units 37 units 1 person 19 persons 2 persons 46 persons 101 persons 365 persons 74 units 119 units 44 units 14 units 1.569 persons 1624 persons

Source : Profile of Pohuwato, 2009

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2.

Priority of the District of Pohuwato The priority issues for the District of Pohuwato are infrastructure for development, environment, health, and education. Further, there needs to be improvement in access to clean water, sanitation and electricity.

Environment The two main environmental issues for the District are the destruction of the coral beds and the damage to the mangrove forest.

The coral is damaged in three ways. Much of the destruction is caused by illegal fishing and the use of bombs in that activity. Further, the coral is used as a foundation for building. Finally, the coral is used to decorate buildings.

The mangrove is threatened by the clearing of the forest for other uses. Further, the wood is often utilized as fire wood. Finally, the forest is often used to create fish ponds.

Education The system of Education in the District is similar to other locations in the province. At the elementary school level, there is adequate enrollment, but by the time students get to junior high school, there are fewer teachers and facilities and thus opportunities. Further, there is a general lack of adequate facilities at the schools, the number of teachers is below what is needed and the cost of education is high.

Health The hospital and the health clinics lack proper medical equipment and tools, and specialist doctors. Further, the costs of medicine are very high and often out of reach for the average person, and are not covered by insurance. Next, there are widespread areas where under and mal nutrition are prevalent. Finally, there is a serious need to increase the number of sanitary facilities.

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Economy The basis of the economy in the district of Pohuwato is agriculture, mainly corn and rice production. The area suffers from poor infrastructure which inhibits the efficient progress of those sectors, and from a lack of agricultural experts that could provide assistance. Improvement of the basic infrastructure and communications would greatly enhance the economic possibilities. Further, assistance could be provided in marketing techniques. Finally, there is potential to generate wealth in the energy, mining, and forestry sectors, as well as increasing the potential of coconut and livestock production.

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Chapter V

Conclusion

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This report on the issues for development was created in conjunction with the ART GOLD Indonesia project to look at issues in development in the province of Gorontalo.

The province of Gorontalo, as a relatively new province in Indonesia, is pleased to have access to international methodologies and techniques for collecting information and promulgating development plans for the betterment of its people.

This report was written by the Provincial Working Group, a group of people representing a cross section of sectors in the province who came together to create a document which can represent the development goals of the province and to serve as a document which can be used to find international development cooperation partners.

Provincial Working Group: Aryanto Husain Ridwan Nadjamuddin Sagita Wartabone Sandra Lunturan Misran Lasantu Nasruddin Fitri Pililie Supriyanto Kusnadi Azis Salam

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Aspiration Plan

Education 1. Raise the capacity of teachers in remote areas. The qualification of teachers in remote areas does not meet the required need, as better trained teachers usually do not want to work in remote areas. There is a need to increase the training provided to those teachers who work in remote areas. Estimated cost: 2. Illiteracy. There is a high level of illiteracy among the adult population, mainly in remote areas. This limits the ability of those people to participate effectively in society, and limits their ability to choose effect assistance for their families.

There is a need for non-formal education and illiteracy campaigns. Estimated cost: 3. Campaign to raise awareness of behalf of parents regarding their children’s education. Often parents in remote areas do not understand the importance of education, and thus do not allow their children to continue in school. Estimated cost: 4. Increase the Education system’s infrastructure. There is a need for investment in the education sector, including buildings, furniture, books, educational resources, computers and sporting facilities. Further, there is a need for school buses in remote areas as this is often the factor that limits enrollment.

Estimated cost: 5. Enhance and upgrade the role of parent teacher associations. In Indonesia, the role of the PTA is usually greater and more involved in the school system. A program of capacity building to these groups would have a significant multiplier effect. Estimated cost: 6. Assistance with a study of the management of the school system, perhaps based on GIS. A study of the education system is needed to identify weaknesses and bring Gorontalo’s education system into line with international standards. Estimated cost: 7. Assistance in training of teachers in Early Childhood Education (ECE). A program designed to train and assist ECE teachers, especially in remote areas.

Estimated cost:

Health 1. Training on pre/post natal care.

The training is for midwifes as most local women prefer to use midwifes rather than the hospital. Then training is designed to lower the mother mortality rate, infant mortality rate, and child under five. Estimated cost: Rp130.000.000 2. Training on general procedures for midwifes.

General training. Estimated cost: Rp130, 000,000 3. Training on low birth babies and asphyxiation-midwifes and nurses

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Training on how to deal with low weight babies and asphyxiation. Estimated cost: 130,000,000 4. Training to mothers of children with low or mal nutrition.

The training is designed to change the mind set of mothers regarding the issue of under and mal nutrition. The training would be given to the staff at the therapeutic feeding center. Estimated cost: 95,000,000 5. Health mapping of under and mal nutrition areas.

This is designed to collect data on nutrition so that training programs can be targeted to the appropriate recipients. Estimated cost: 175,000,000 6. Health mapping to see correlation between food and nutrition Research project to see the correlation between food production and nutrition.

Estimated cost: 175, 00,000 7. Training on counseling regarding the issues of AIDS. Training on VCT counseling and testing for doctors and nurses in the hospitals across the province. Estimated cost: 55,000,000 8. Training for nurses to care for AIDS patients.

Training so that nurses are able to care for AIDS patients.

9. Training and funding to increase the number of sanitary facilities.

There is a shortage of sanitary facilities across the province. This program would assist local people to build their own facilities. Estimated cost: 250,000,000 10. Clean water for villages There is a need for clean water facilities across the province. Estimated cost: 11. Hospital equipment.

There is a lack of equipment in all hospitals across the province. Estimated cost:

Economy 1. Study on how to transform the local economic structures. Expert to evaluate and assess the local economic structures, and suggest methods for improving government policies on the economy. Estimated cost: 2. Management training and a micro-credit scheme. In Gorontalo, there are numerous businesses that currently are too small to utilize normal banking services, including credit. The program would provide training and access to micro-credit. Estimated cost: 3. Training on the best practices of managing cooperatives.

4. Training and advice on how to build an effective export component in Gorontalo. In Gorontalo, the majority of goods produced are consumed locally.

The province would like to expand its export sector. Estimated cost: 5. Training on how to market the province. The province currently has marketing campaigns to promote itself, but these have not been very successful. Training on best practices. Estimated cost: 6. Training and advice on how to create areas of industry. In Gorontalo, there are many small industries, but usually they are not able to cooperate effectively and/or pool resources due to their geographic location. Training and/or assistance in creating areas of industry. Estimated cost:

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Agriculture 1. Training for agriculture extension workers.

In Gorontalo, there are a lot of agricultural extension workers, but they require further training. This would be a joint training delivered by the Agriculture agency and international experts. Estimated cost: 2. Training on the post harvest processing of corn.

The province produces good quality corn, but is weak in the post harvest items such as storage, drying, marketing, transport, etc. Estimated cost: 3. Training in the creation of farmer’s cooperatives.

The average farmer in Gorontalo doesn’t really understand the marketing aspects of the corn business. There is a need to create a farmer’s cooperative to ensure that farmers get a reasonable price for the commodity. Estimated cost: 4. Training and provision of equipment for GIS mapping and analyses in Gorontalo.

Current GIS technology would greatly assist Gorontalo develop better land use practices in order to plan for more appropriate crops and land use. Estimated cost: 5. Research into the proper land use in relation to animal husbandry.

Gorontalo has a policy of 2 ha of feed for 4 heads of cattle, but there needs to be research into the appropriate use of the land in terms of supporting the animals present. The question of how much feed can be produced in a specific area needs to be answered.

6. Research into food security and food insecurity Using GIS technology, this project would map areas of food security and insecurity, thus allowing the province to plan their agricultural policies more effectively.

7. Annual Survey training on food production in the province The province does not have an effective method of data collection to plan for difficult times. The survey would collect data on an annual basis for planning purposes. Estimated cost: 8. Research and training into food distribution networks.

In the province, anecdotal evidence suggests that the food distribution networks do not function effectively. This training / research would provide a clearer picture, and allow for policy adjustment.

9. Land use training and field extension for conservation This would see outside experts and local specialists conduct training to the farmers in land use policy to provide for environmental protection and conservation. Estimated cost: 10. TOT training for all aspects of rural and agricultural development.

This is a training course situated in Egypt, and provides certification for trainers

11. Training and research into early warning systems for land use.

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It is a long standing tradition that crops need to be rotated. This would see a system whereby the land is monitored to see what crops can be produced, and which cannot.

Fisheries and Oceans 1. Economic development of coastal areas Training and equipment for coastal fishermen, including varieties of nets for more effective and sustainable fisheries.

2. Post catch added value techniques There is a desire to increase the value added aspect of the fisheries in the post catch phase. This might include processing techniques and marketing of the product.

3. Training and assistance in fish farming.

Gorontalo has a nascent fish farming industry that needs to be developed. The province would like to receive training and international assistance in the development of this industry.

4. Training and assistance regarding re-stocking of the fish in Lake Limboto Lake Limboto provides fish to the local populace, but these have been overfished. The province would like assistance in re-stocking the lake and training on how to manage the resource more effectively.

5. Training and assistance in fish farming of Catfish Specific to transmigrants from the island of Java, they would like to develop fish farms for Catfish as this is a traditional food from their native lands.

6. Training and assistance in the development of the Seaweed industry The province already has developed a seaweed industry, but it is not very efficient. The province would like training and assistance to enhance the productivity of the sector.

7. Research on managing the mangrove forest Gorontalo is blessed with large mangrove forests, and wishes to use this resource wisely. Assistance is requested into ‘best practices’ for managing the resource.

Tourism 1. Training regarding the promotion of the province as a tourism center The province needs to develop a marketing campaign to increase the number of tourists, but lacks the required skills to do so. Training in marketing is requested.

2. Training in Community based tourism (CBT) Training for villages and other areas so that they are able to create and manage tourism destinations in their locations.

3. Development of lake Limboto as a Eco-tourism destination Lake Limboto, due to its special characteristics, is a potential Eco-tourism destination. Training and assistance in developing this asset for use.

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4. Training and assistance for the promotion of Gorontalo as a tourism destination Environment 1. Training and assistance in the management of the bay located in Gorontalo city The city of Gorontalo is located on a bay. The bay is a focus of various activities, and needs to be managed in an environmentally sustainable manner.

2. Management of lake Limboto Lake Limboto is shrinking at an alarming rate, and is projected to disappear completely in the next 20 years. Training and assistance on saving and managing the lake.

3. Training and assistance on managing the ecosystem surrounding lake Limboto 4. Training and assistance on managing “enceng gondok”.

“Enceng Gondok” is a native species of plant that is damaging the lake with uncontrolled growth. The province would like assistance in managing this plant, while also using its potential as an economic resource.

5. Research, training and assistance in land/ disaster mitigation.

The province of Gorontalo suffers from annual flooding and other natural disasters. Assistance is requested in dealing with the potential environmental problems that occur both regularly and irregularly.

6. Campaigns against illegal mining Illegal mining is widespread in Gorontalo, and is causing environmental damage. The province would like to request assistance in stopping illegal mining through a campaign of information.

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