Transsolar Klimaengineering by Stefan Holst, Transsolar

TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING Stuttgart - Munich - New York - Paris

Aiming for No Impact: Net Zero Building Enclosures

Climate Responsive Facades Facades+ Conference New York City 4 April 2019 Stefan Holst Managing Partner Transsolar

Transsolar KlimaEngineering | München Büroüberblick

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FACADES

THEN

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FACADES (?)

Sydney, Australia

London, U.K.

Hong Kong, China

Dubai, UAE

NOW

Net Zero Building Enclosures


Climate Responsive Facades: Three Built Examples

Calgary

Spain

Singapore

Desert House Gorafe, Spain

McKimmie Tower + Block, Calgary, AB, Canada

School of Design 4, NUS, Singapore

MacKimmie Block and Tower Redevelopment Double Faรงade Operation

MacKimmie Tower and Block Complex

University of Calgary, AB Architects: DIALOG 2019

7

MacKimmie Tower and Block Redevelopment of an existing Library Building

The well-tempered façade – a warm jacket around an existing building structure 8

Calgary Climate Analysis and Potentials WINTER

INTER- MEDIATE

SUMMER

INTER- MEDIATE

WINTER ΔT ≈ 15 K

ΔT ≈ 60K

South-East Façade.

Horizontal Annual total: 1’332 kWh/m²a

Annual total: 1382 kWh/ m²a

9

Facade and Indoor Climate Concept

Glazing System

Exterior Triple Glazing Shading Blinds Interior laminated Single w. interior low-e coating

Glazing Performance based on EN 410 / EN 673 Visible Light VLT: 0.62 ucog-value (W/m2K): 0.55 SHGC: 0.42 SHGC_: 0.06 (glass + activated blinds)

10

MacKimmie Tower Façade Concept Comparison

natural ventilation in winter from DF= ü

ventilation in winter NaturalNatural ventilation in winter to outside = directlydirectly to outside = problem! problem! à Mechanical cooling à Overheating

Exterior solar shading à Excellent summer comfort

South East

Double Facade

Interior Interior solar solar shading shading

Single Facade

11

Section at tower facade

Interior View

MacKimmie Tower and Block Complex Controlled Double Faรงade Operation Experience

MacKimmie Tower 2019

KfW Westarkade Frankfurt, Germany, 2010

Headquarter Sparkasse Rosenheim, Germany 2010

Manitoba Hydro Place Winnipeg, MB, Canada 2009

14

MacKimmie Tower Redevelopment Double Façade Operation Strategy

Dynamic control of Double Façade Vent Openings in order to: 1.

Create “warm jacket” around the building

2.

Enable natural ventilation

Maintain air temperature in DF cavity around 10 …. 20°C (Tamb + x in summer) à Limit pressure differences à Control air velocity in DF cavity à

Special challenge: High level of dynamics of independent environmental condition (solar insolation and wind) 15

Calgary Climate Analysis: Potentials and Challenges

Wind carpet plot -> strong fluctuations in wind speed and direction

16

MacKimmie Block and Tower Redevelopment Double Faรงade Operation

17

MacKimmie Tower Evaluation of Double Façade Operation by dynamic thermal and air flow exterior simulation

exterior vents mass flow / velocity

pressure

link air flow

DF cavity temperatur e [°C]

DF air temperature

solar insolation per facade

vent opening %

wind: direction + speed

18

Time of day

Resulting DF air temperature as function of Ambient Temp Solar insolation Wind speed

Wind direction

South

East

West

North 19

Evaluation of Double Faรงade Operation

DF air temperatures

Ambient temperature

20

Net Zero Carbon by Renewable Energy Generation with Building Integrated PV Roof Horizontal 1’265 kWh/kWp/a 265 kWh/m²a

Facade South-East 1’230 kWh/kWp/a 260 kWh/m²a

Total PV Area: 4‘000 m2 <> 670 kWp

CaGBC Zero Carbon Building Program

MacKimmie Block and Tower Redevelopment Double Faรงade Operation

EUI: 72 kWh/m2a GHG: 690 tons/a GHG-Compensation: 55% on-site / 45% off-site

24

School of Design National University of Singapore Architects: Serie / Multiply, London / Singapore 2019

Rejection of the standard form

THE ARCHITECTURAL IDEA

Rejection ofrenewable the standard form …energy Language of stacked planes, platforms + boxes Over-sailing roof to shade … and generate electrical Credits: Serie

Implement adaptive comfort approach

THE THERMAL COMFORT APPROACH

conventional approach

operative Temperature 24°C

adaptive comfort approach

operative Temperature 29°C tempered air + elevated air speed

Thermal comfort comparison with online tool of Berkeley University

Thermal Comfort without elevated air speed

Operative Temperature 29°C Air speed 0.15 m/s

PMV

1.2

L

Comfort tool of Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley

Thermal comfort comparison with online tool of Berkeley University

Thermal Comfort with elevated air speed

Operative Temperature 29°C Air speed 0.7 m/s

PMVeas

0.3

J

Comfort tool of Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley

Thermal zoning of School of Design building, overview

Photovoltaic renewable energy Hybrid Tempered, 27% library, design studios, offices

Full AC,17% green building technology lab energy lab, computer lab Natural Cross Ventilated, 46% with elevated air speed social plaza and social interaction spaces modeling areas, work shops

Circulation micro climate, wind vegetation, green and blue mech and aux rooms 10%

Net Zero Energy story

NET ZERO ENERGY DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

improve the building design step by step to meet the net zero target

NET ZERO SCHOOL OF DESIGN, SINGAPORE

university building in the tropics…

energy efficient and low investment cost…

tempered air and elevated air speed…

highly comfortable spaces…

100% powered by photovoltaic on own footprint.

EUI: 65 kWh/m2a

NET ZERO ENERGY 100% on-site

La Casa Del Desierto Net Zero Energy House Sierra Nevada, Gorafe, Spain

Client: GUARDIAN GLASS Architects: OFIS, Lubljana 2018

©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet

Location

Desert Climate: Ambient Temperatures

Design Process

©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet

Floor Plan

Net usable area: 20 m2

Section

Façade / Climate / Energy Structural glass façade with selective triple glazing Heating / Cooling via reversable heat pump Indoor temperature range: min.18°C - max. 28°C Natural Ventilation via sliding doors 20 m2 photovoltaic panels max. PV power: 3.5 kWp 18 kWh electrical storage, 400 liter water tank capacity

Gorafe

VLT: 52%, SHGC: 0.25, u-glass: 0.5 W/m2K

Indoor conditions too cold comfort too warm

Annual indoor temperatures

©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet

@JOSE NAVARRETE

©Courtesy @JOSE NAVARRETE of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet

©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet

Plan your trip https://www.lacasadeldesierto.es/reservas/

EUI: 150 kWh/m2a

ZERO ENERGY 100% on-site + off grid