Thomas Auer Presentation - Toronto 2019

Dynamic Skins

A Conversation on Innovative Facades Speakers: Kael Opie, KPMB Architects Thomas Auer, Transsolar | KlimaEngineering

Moderators:

Geoff Turnbull, KPMB Architects David Constable, KPMB Architects October 11, 2019

Transsolar offices‌

Stuttgart

Munich

New York

Paris

Staff

Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design

1902

1984

Reasons for double facades • • • • • • • •

Buffer zone Solar preheating Energy savings Weather protection for inner facade and shading device Natural ventilation Wind protection for manual ventilation by windows Sound protection Air pollution protection

Different ventilation strategies with double facades

pure buffer

ventilated buffer

intake facade

General advantages • • • • •

Thermal buffer using solar gains and heat losses by transmission Weather and wind protection for shading device and inner facade Sound protection Reduced requirements for inner facade Reduced heating and cooling demand

exhaust facad

General disadvantages • Temperature increase in the double facade due to solar gains on the shading device depending on the ventilation rate and concept (risk of overheating) • Risk of condensation inside the façade corridor • Reduced wind pressure and temperature difference as a driving force for natural ventilation • Reduced daylight due to the additional glass layer • Acoustical connection between neighbour zones via facade corridor • Additional cost for extra construction and maintenance • Reduced visual and sensitive connection to the ambient • Potential loss of gross floor area

Facade test at Gartner facade company

Deutsche Post AG
 Murphy Jahn Architects

Headquarter Deutsche Post AG, Bonn Shading device in the double facade independent of wind speed natural ventilation to extract absorbed solar gains in the double facade individual cooling of fresh air concrete slab cooling with Rhine water as natural source higher comfort due to cooler surface temperatures night-time flushing with cold air to activate the building mass

Concept evaluation in a Mockup measured Hochtief 1:1 Modellversuch simulated Vergleich Messung mit Simulation 4. Tag in Hitzeperiode

Außentemperatur

38

Südbüro simuliert

Südbüro gemessen Trd4

Doppelfassade simuliert

Doppelfassade gemessen Tdf8

88

92

36 34 32

Temperatur [ °C ]

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 72

76

80

84

96

Stunden [ h ]

Facade mockup Hauptverwaltung Bayer AG

Component development

Decentralized air supply unit

• Air intake fan coil unit for individual heating/cooling • sound reduction up to 42 dB/A

Heat exchanger Filter

• low pressure drop • return air damper • basic ventilation ~ 30 dB/A fan noise

Inner facade with windows and supply grill Individual window

Air supply grill

Height of raised floor sprinkler heating

cooling

Measurements test under extrem conditions August 2003

Plenum

Ambient

Skygarden Aussenlufttemperatur Vorlauf TAB Heizen Fassadentemperatur Sensor 12 21. OG Tdecke Präsenz Traum Tzuluft 2 Tsoll Tskygarden

Office Ceiling

Uhrzeit

20 :4 21 0 :4 22 0 :4 23 0 :4 00 0 :4 01 0 :4 0

N

11 :1 12 0 :1 13 0 :1 14 0 :1 15 0 :1 16 0 :1 17 0 :1 18 0 :1 19 0 :1 0

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15

02 :4 03 0 :4 04 0 :4 05 0 :4 06 0 :4 07 0 :4 08 0 :4 09 0 :4 0

Temperatur [°C]

Südmittelraum 32. og 06.08.03

Deutsche Post view from North-East

ATH2002

Manitoba Hydro – Winnipeg KPMB / Smith Carter Architects

photo: Gerry Kopelow

Winnipeg December 31, 2013 temperature was recorded as -37.9°C with wind chill factor of -47°C

The North Pole that day was WARMER

-19 °C with wind chill factor of -21°C !!!

The second-coldest December since 1893 and the coldest day in Winnipeg in 80 years

“The Manitoba Museum is reporting Winnipeg's temperatures - December 31, 2014 CBC on News Manitoba i

Typical Floor Plan

Winter Time:

Heating & Cooling © Bryan Christie

Winter Time:

Heating & Cooling © Bryan Christie

Summer Time:

Cooling © Bryan Christie

Airflow Concept: Intermediate Seasons solar gains augment stack effect in solar chimney

exhaust air via north atrium into solar chimney

exhaust air to north atrium/ solar chimney

fresh air supply via operable window

fresh air intake through outer facade

office space 21 - 24 °C

facade cavity (12 - 25 °C)

manually opened windows at inner facade natural ventilation of south atrium

M e a n ra d ia n t te m p e ra tu re : 2 7 .5 °C O p e ra tiv e te m p e ra tu re : 2 5 .7 5 °C

TR = 2 6 °C

120°

TR = 4 0 °C

65°

55°

120°

TR = 2 4 °C

Assessment of thermal comfort

TR = 2 4 °C

2 4 °C

M e a n ra d ia n t te m p e ra tu re : 2 5 °C O p e ra tiv e te m p e ra tu re : 2 5 .5 °C

TR = 2 2 °C 120°

4 0 °C TR = 3 2 °C

65°

55°

120°

TR = 2 4 °C

Assessment of thermal comfort

TR = 2 6 °C

2 6 °C

Energy use of Canadian buildings * as of September 2010

Manitoba Hydro Place – Annual Rolling Energy Totals

Ventilation Fan Comparison Standard VAV, 33.4

Modeled, 12.5

Fans

Measured - 2010, 9.5

Measured - 2012, 7.0 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35 40 Annual Site Energy [kWh/ m²a]

Optimizing natural ventilation conditions Controls based on outside conditions (not interstitial space) Employee notification

Measured CO2 concentration

50% reduction in thermal comfort complaints

Green Commuting Options [%] (Public transportation, carpool or cycle)

X

(Suburban Office) 10%

Manitoba Hydro Place

Annual Sick Days per Employee

84%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

X – 1.25 days

photo: Gerry Kopelow