Parallels - urban propositions for Liverpool and Marseille

PA R A L L E L S urban propositions for Liverpool and Marseille studio projects from the master of architecture and urban design programmes

Projects M - Marseille L - Liverpool 01 Marseille Modulor, M 06

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02 (Re)Mediating Marseille, M 03 Rising Rivers, M

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04 Peel Connection, L 05 Intersection, L 05

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06 Re-, L 07 Cultivating a Sense of Place, M 08 Land Bridge, M

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09 Diagonale, L 03

10 The Urban Phase, M 11 Coalesce, M 12 Vauxhall’s Lost Community, L

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13 Vauxhall High Street, L

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14 The Third Place, L 15 Marseille Melting Pot, M 02

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16 Animating the Un-Aminated, L 17 Contemporay Enclave, M 18 The Urban Re-Boot, L

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exhibition layout, Public Exhibition Space, lower ground floor, Liverpool School of Art and Design

Parallels

19th January - 23rd January Public Exhibition Space, John Lennon Art and Design Building, Duckinfield Street, Liverpool

www.urbandesignljmu.com

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Urban Design at LJMU

This catalogue celebrates the recent work of our Architecture and Urban Design Masters students.

This year we have continued our focus on the condition of Liverpool’s ‘edge of centre’, looking specifically at Vauxhall, directly north of the central business district. In parallel, with this year’s workshop abroad, we have explored a similar territory in Marseille.

The correspondences have been a powerful reminder of the empathy found between port cities across Europe.

As a Civic University Liverpool John Moores has unrivalled knowledge of our home city, and is passionate about Liverpool’s immense potential. We hope the projects presented here, supported by our teaching and research of global urban design practice, offer a primer for discussions about the urban future of Liverpool.

We would like to thank all our guest critics and contributors to our Programmes during the last semester.

Thank you to the sponsors of this catalogue, identified overleaf, who have made this publication possible and have shown their support for our students and for debate about the future of all our cities.

Ian Wroot, Architecture and Urban Design Programmes Leader

North Liverpool, circa 2006 Highlighting the different fortunes of the city centre which has radically transformed over the last decade and the Vauxhall area, which is virtually unchanged.

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West Tower

Radisson SAS Hotel Hilton Hotel Liverpool One Old Hall Street

Adagio Hotel Lewis’s

Vieux Port Pavilion, Marseille, October 2015

studio design tutors Ian Wroot Jamie Scott Charlie Smith Dominic Wilkinson guest critics Matthew Ashton Rob Burns Samantha Campbell Colin Harwood Ian Parkinson Miles Pearson Alistair Sunderland Erin Walsh exhibition by LJMU MArch and MAUD Programmes Design - Jamie Scott, Ian Page, Natalie Wilson, Patrick Taft, Andrew Jarman, Matt Kerrod Catalogue - Ian Page, Natalie Wilson, Jamie Scott Sponsorship - Andrew Jarman Symposium - Brian Hatton, Trevor Skempton, Jamie Scott Installation - Matt Kerrod, Martin Gee Website - Carlos Santos Barea Photography - Patrick Taft, Andy Freeny, Jamie Scott Modelmaking technician - Lol Baker Event Co-ordination - Rachel Carr

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Sponsors

Part 1 and Part 2 Graduates please send your up to date CV and portfolio for consideration for a position.

Parsonage Chambers - 3 The Parsonage - Manchester M3 2HW T +44 (0)161 828 7900 E manchester@ahr-global.com ahr-global.com

Urban Design at LJMU

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Parallels – Liverpool & Marseille Second Tier Cities

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why invest beyond the capital?

Starchitecture on the Mersey?

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a civic symposium

Context

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Buildings

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Routes

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Spaces

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Parallels

Both Liverpool and Marseille have particularly rich social and Marsellie political histories, with their socio-economic similarities being manifest in shared experiences, from relatively recent public riot to acclaim as European Capitals of Culture (2008 & 2013 respectively).

Both cities had a peak population greater than 800,000 but whilst Marseille has maintained its 1960’s levels through mass immigration, Liverpool’s decline from the 1920’s was dramatic and only recently abated. Leisure, heritage, and education (knowledge) quarters, districts and destinations are the currently accepted remedies here and across many other European ‘second tier cities’.

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Our study areas, between the port territories of the waterfront and residential communities inland, reveal spaces where the opposing conditions of local and global concerns are clearly exposed as particular, and increasingly divergent. Both ports previously engaged mass local employment but as the shipping infrastructure

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Population of Marseille since 1900 Capital of Culture - 2013 GDP - 58.9 Unemployment - 14.1% National Average - 10.4% Density - 3,500/km2 MArch Workshop Abroad

LJMU Marseille October 2014 Unite Habitation

has modernised and moved away they have become dislocated property assets in an international market, with little relationship to their immediate hinterland. The boundary where these territories transmute, the ‘Space Between’, provides a complex set of economic, social and spatial problems for investigation.

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Our post graduate design work has an open studio form with students determining their own particular response to the conditions found. With a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of place making the projects present a diverse range of response, some pragmatic some provocative, as evidenced in the proceeding pages.

To offer some form of structure to the presentation of design work loose categories of Route, Space, and Building, have been offered, but only as a means to perhaps identify some reoccurring themes.

Jamie Scott, Senior Lecturer, Architecture and Urban Design

LJMU MArch Workshop Abroad Marseille October 2014 Friche la Belle de Mai

LJMU Liverpool North Docks site visit with former LCC World Heritage Site Officer, John Hinchcliffe

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Second Tier Cities

The European Institute for Urban Affairs is a long established, high profile research and consultancy group within LJMU. It is a leading urban policy research group influencing national and international policy development. Prof Richard Evans and Prof. Richard Meegan from the Institite contribute to our MArch and MAUD programmes, providing economic and social context, and research evidence informing our studio work.

Second Tier Cities was commissioned from the Institiute by EPSON and the European Union and adresses a vital question for the cities of our region: Why should policy makers invest beyond the capital cities in an age of austerity? Based on an analysis of over 150 European cities, it argues that over-investment in capital and under-investment in second tier cities is unsustainable and leads to economic under-performance.

By contrast, decentralising responsibilities, powers and resources and spreading investment across a range of cities rather than just the capital creates long term economic benefits. The summary below of some of the key findings of this report formed an economic and political context for our studio work, providing demonstrable reason why cities such as Liverpool and Marseille warrant ongoing investment, and transformational urban projects.

The global recession and Eurozone crisis have had a huge impact upon the European economy and present even greater future threats. They have sharpened the debate about policies for national competitiveness. They have also sharpened the debate about the economic contribution of capital and second tier cities and whether countries perform better if they concentrate their investment in their national capitals or spread investment across a wider set of cities.

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Map highlighting recent and future destinations of the Architecture and Urban Design Progammes workshops abroad. All are second tier (port) cities.

They pose a single crucial question: Why should policy makers invest beyond the capital cities in an age of austerity?

This debate will become more important during the next decade as the crisis threatens to undermine the real achievements made by many European cities.

In the past decade, cities in many countries improved their economic performance and made a growing contribution to national competitiveness. But it was a result of high performing

Second Tier Cities – Introduction

Malmo Hamburg

Gdansk

Rotterdam

Porto

Marseille

Genoa

Barcelona

national economies and substantial investment of public resources. Those conditions will not be found during the next decade. Many underlying economic and social problems in cities – which had been masked by the boom – have already been intensified by the crisis. There is a risk that economic and fiscal problems and the competition for scarce public and private sector resources will limit the growth of cities and widen economic and social gaps within them and between them and the capitals. So the debate is crucial.

What contribution do Capital and Second Ties Cities make?

This article is based on the Institute’s recent study for ESPON of 124 second tier and 31 capital cities across Europe. It provides a huge amount of original data and analysis about the performance of cities in different European countries and how government policies affect it.

It argues that continuing over-investment in capital cities and under-investment in second tier cities in the long run will be unsustainable and lead to economic under-performance.

It finds much evidence that decentralising responsibilities, powers, resources, spreading investment and encouraging high performance in a range of cities rather than concentrating on the capital city produces national benefits. Although the capital cities in many countries are responsible for a significant proportion of national GDP, second tier cities still make a large contribution. In many cases the collective economic contribution that second tier cities make is greater than that of the capital itself. Individually, second tier cities may lag behind capitals. But collectively their contribution to national economic performance is hugely significant. They are the key middle of the economic system.

We define second tier cities as those outside the capital city whose performance is sufficiently important to affect the potential performance of the national economy. To identify them we use the boundaries developed by the OECD and DG Regio for metropolitan regions in Europe (see Dijkstra, 2009). These essentially capture the functional economic urban area – the city region – not the narrow administrative area. To capture the most important ones we include all of them in the 23 countries with populations under 15 million. In the largest 8 with populations up to 85 million, we include those cities in the top two thirds of the metropolitan hierarchy of their country.

This gives 31 capitals and 124 second tier cities. These second tier cities constitute almost 80 % of Europe’s metropolitan urban population. They lie between the capital cities which contribute a huge amount to their national economy and the many smaller places which contribute rather less. They are the crucial middle of the urban system.

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The Performance of Second Tier Cities – Selected Findings Capital cities dominate but second tier cities make an important contribution to competitiveness: The essential message of this article is that –with the exception of Germany – capital cities dominate the European urban system in terms of population, employment and output.

The gap between capital and second tier cities is large and in virtually all the former socialist states of Eastern Europe growing. The total GDP of capital cities in 2007 was greater than their leading second tier cities in all but 2 countries, Germany and Italy. In 19 countries the total GDP of the capital was more than twice that of the largest noncapital city and was as much as 8 times greater in 4 states – UK, France, Hungary and Latvia. Nevertheless our evidence shows that all second tier cities made a contribution – and some a significant one – to economic growth in Europe between 2000 and 2007, even if many were overshadowed by capital cities to different degrees in different parts of Europe. But many have the potential to grow and the ability to benefit further from agglomeration economies. The size of the gap between capitals and secondaries varies and in some cases is declining.

Signs of second tier cities improvement: Also despite capitals’ structural dominance, change measures show an important story. Second tier cities in a significant number of cases demonstrated the potential for increasing their contribution to growth. In 2000 second tier cities accounted for 31 % of population. Between 2000 and 2007, they accounted for 34 % of population growth. By 2007, three quarters of the second tier cities had positive net migration rates and one third had rates above those of their capitals. Over the same period, they accounted for 29 % of total GDP growth. And the top 36 second tiers provided one third of the total GDP growth that capital and second tier cities together generated. In 16 states, 1 or more second tier cities recorded higher annual growth in total GDP between 2000 and 2007 than their capitals especially in Germany, France, Norway, and Spain. But it also happened in 3 former socialist states. And states across the Eastern parts 10

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of Europe experienced some of the fastest growth rates, as their economies integrated into the European economy.

While this growth is under threat from the current recession it demonstrates that second tier cities can improve their performance and break out of path dependency. Individually, the majority of second tier cities do not match the economic contribution of capital cities. But collectively their contribution to national economies is significant.

Decentralisation matters: There is evidence that levels of government decentralisation do matter. Between 2000 and 2007 for example, in the Federal states, all German and Austrian and half of Belgium’s second tier cities outperformed their capitals. In the regionalised states, all Spanish and a third of Italian second tier cities grew faster than their capitals. In the Nordic states, all grew faster than their capital. In the unitary centralised states of Hungary, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania and Bulgaria all second tier cities and all but one in the Czech Republic had lower growth rates than their capital cities. Only in Romania, Latvia and Croatia did some second tier cities outperform their capital.

Capital city dominance increases regional inequality: The dominance of the capital also affects regional inequality.

High GDP growth in capital cities is associated with worsening territorial cohesion. In countries where the growth of the capital city was either lower than or just above national growth, territorial cohesion improved or remained unchanged. By contrast, in countries where the growth of the capital was moderately or significantly above the national rate, territorial cohesion worsened.

A Policy for Second Tier Cities? Central Messages This article has reviewed evidence for the argument that de-centralising responsibilities, powers, resources, spreading investment and encouraging high performance in a range of cities rather than concentrating on the capital city produces national benefits. It has shown that, although the capital cities in many countries are responsible for a significant proportion of national GDP, second tier cities nevertheless make a significant contribution. In many cases the economic contribution that a series of second tier cities make is greater than that of the capital itself. So the contribution of second tier cities that lie between the successful capitals and the lagging cities is crucial to national economic success. Individually, second tier cities may lag behind capitals. But collectively their contribution to national economic performance is hugely significant. They are the key middle of the economic system. In terms of policy, some countries concentrate attention and resources on the capitals at the expense of their second tier cities. But many are beginning to develop policies which explicitly target second tiers. More widely, in some countries mainstream national policies which implicitly affect urban competitiveness – innovation, diversity, skills, connectivity, place quality and strategic governance capacity – have been used to help second tier cities develop. Most interestingly, in countries which are less centralised and less economically concentrated, and where cities have greater powers, resources and responsibilities, cities have performed better and helped the national economy more.

Prof. Michael Parkinson, Prof. Richard Evans and Prof. Richard Meegan, European Institute for Urban Affairs

Second Tier Cities in Europe: In An Age of Austerity Why Invest Beyond the Capitals? n European Institute for Urban Affairs, Liverpool John Moores University n Metropolitan Research Institute, Budapest n University of Tampere n University of Paris Est n University College London

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Starchitecture on the Mersey? a civic symposium

Alongside the exhibition of studio work the Architecture and Urban Design Masters Programmes organised a one day symposium entitled ‘Starchitecture on the Mersey?’.

As Peel Holdings unfold giant plans for both sides of the Mersey - Liverpool Waters and Wirral Waters - there is need to review our policies for the architectural and urban design of the Mersey waterfronts. Their complex problems will not be solved by facile images; nor will quick resorts to ready nostrums conjured by charismatic ‘signature designers’ conduce to the capabilities for latitude and evolution crucial to all cities. ‘Iconic’ towers may have a place; but the real key to urban vitality is free activity of citizens among and across places resistant to monopoly.

Yet, where commissioned with care and consent, there are cases where dazzling works by ‘starchitects’ have contributed not just to the profits of big projects but to their cultural and civic value. Their ‘image’ appeal, however, has led too often to superficial imitations masking fundamental error. In their book ‘Starchitecture: Scenes, Actors & Spectacles In Contemporary Cities’ Davide Ponzini & Michele Nastasi argue that the successes and failings of many such projects may be understood through the politics, financing and methods of their procurement.

Therefore, our symposium will address the future of the Mersey waterfronts by considering their prospects in comparison with Ponzini & Nastasi’s presentation of cases in Bilbao, Abu Dhabi, Paris, New York and elsewhere.

Brian Hatton, Senior Lecturer, LJMU

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Thursday 22nd January, 2015 Speakers and panel members Paul Finch OBE: (Chair) Editorial Director of Architectural Review & Architects’ Journal Michele Nastasi: Managing Editor of Lotus magazine; Politecnico di Milano Davide Ponzini: Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at Politecnico di Milano Rod Holmes: LJMU Hon. Fellow; Mersey Partnership Chair; Proj Dir for ‘Liverpool ONE’ David Dunster: Emeritus Roscoe Professor of Architecture, Liverpool University Jack Self: Reviews Editor at Architectural Review; editor of Real Estates: Life without Debt Rob Burns: Liverpool City Council Urban Design Manager Trevor Skempton: Design Advisor to LCC 2003-09; the Design Com. of Wales Brian Hatton: LJMU and the Architectural Association

Michele Nastasi Photograph from Starchitecture. Scenes, Actors and Spectacles in Contemporary Cities (Allemandi, Turin 2011) Co-authored, with Davide Ponzini Liverpool John Moores University - Parallels 2015

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Context, Marseille

Marsellie

Map and images of study area in Marseille illustrating the CMA Tower by Zaha Hadid to the north of the study area, and typical mixed urban frabric, along with large scale transport infrastructure.

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Context, Liverpool

Liverpool

Map and images of study area in Liverpool illustrating the ‘Space Between’ the Liverpool Waters site, Stanley Dock and the Eldonian Village. Typical mixed urban frabric, along with occasional landmarks.

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routes Merseyrail Northern Line

Boulevard Ferdinand de Lesseps, west Liverpool John Moores University - Parallels 2015

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THE THIRD PLACE Krupal Patel/Marcin Platernz/Vincenzo Puca: This project takes influence from the writings of urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg and the theory of the Third Place. Oldenburg outlines that within society there exists three places. The first places is the home, the second is the workplace and the Third Place is the informal, social realm that exists between the two.

In this proposal, Vauxhall’s urban regeneration strategy is approached through a socio-spatial perspective that introduces a variety of Third Place interventions upon the site.

It has been acknowledged that although Oldenburg’s theory 18

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was outlined over two decades past, the basic ideas are still of relevance today.

This project has applied Oldenburg’s ten points on Third Places taking into consideration current (and possible future) trends in urban, social and technological developments.

The belief is that the existence of Third Places are of increasing relevance at present. In a time where the birth of the Forth Place (Virtual Space) is becoming an increasingly greater part of society, an evolution of Third Places must prevail.

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REGethin Hughes/Rhiannon Morgan/Omar Shariff: Repair, retain, restore, revive, recycle, refresh, renew, rejuvenate, revitalize, reroute...The scheme for Re- was born with the approach to retain much of the quality existing fabric whilst injecting enough new intervention to ensure the success and longevity of the area. Initially two clear nodes were identified, the International Cruise Liner Terminal proposed by the Peel Group and a new landmark train station as part of our proposal. Re- focuses on rerouting pedestrian traffic between the two nodes whilst avoiding the traffic-heavy Great Howard Street.

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The route itself is animated with a boulevard park linking the station directly to the proposed Clarence Graving Docks and a series of pocket parks (squares) that vary in compression linking to the cruise terminal. In the process of creating the new green route there has been careful attention in linking the Eldonian Village by opening up access and realigning existing streets in order to promote east-west links. Areas have not been stamped with specific uses to promote mixed and varying use across the proposal and deter specific areas from becoming ghost towns on evenings and weekends.

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Existing Built Edge Euromediterrannae Masterplan

Urban Magnets New Built Edge Hard Landscaping Soft Landscaping Canopy Tramway

(RE)MEDIATING MARSEILLE Ian Page/Dion Barrett/Josh Barlow: In the contemporary city of fragments, Rowe and Koetter, in their seminal text ‘Collage City’, suggest it is better to allow the different fragments to act independently; developing their own identity, economic drivers and so forth - an application to the city of the post-modern idea that all narratives are valid and therefore cannot be overridden by a single vision of the ideal. Whilst many contemporary masterplans work within these fragments, (Re)Mediating Marseilles addresses the importance of the mechanisms that mediate between the fragments in creating a 22

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city that can work holistically, without the polarity between the districts that is especially evident in Marseilles today. Liminality is the psychological condition of being in a transitory state, a point between two different conditions where you are no longer a part of either one. It is this condition we see as important in interrelating the disjointed parts of the city; liminal spaces, by not belonging to anyone, become a physical and psychological threshold between fragments that help to both define their identity and mediate between them.

We describe our boulevard as ‘Liminal’. A 10 km spine through

the city interlinking all the major urban magnets of Marseille. A new highly efficient tram infrastructure that connects the North and South, creates a direct link between these two poles, concentrates development along it. The spaces and infrastructure along the boulevard are reorganised to maximise public space strategically according to the context either side. In this way, the boulevard does not become an homogenised, gentrified axis of power, but actually begins to define the neighbourhoods that border the boulevard through this liminal threshold where the different communities can interact and exchange.

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LAND BRIDGE Marianna Costa/Michaella Savva: As this part of Marseille is disconnected from the city centre, our strategy promotes links between the suggested site and the city centre. The main idea is to expand the metro station, provide movement and connectivity to the suggested area and improve the road networks by redeveloping some spaces.

The project aims to create an improved pedestrian network which would help visitors to have a faster mode of transport to the centre of the town; and also develop a new upgraded 26

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neighbourhood for the locals. Welcoming, attractive and secure pedestrian routes should be encouraged through the site. The proposal also improves the cycle network as the routes stop after the shopping centre before the defined area.

A wider mix of uses on the site will attract more people into the area. Because the site is easily visited by public transport it should be able to accommodate facilities which require public access. It is important that the primary pedestrian connection between the metro station and the port are improved.

CITY OF SHADOWS Alice Shead/Anna Hudson: The shadows of a city are the places that tend to be gritty, real and the most interesting to visit, where you can experience true culture. By enhancing and exposing these shadow lands, not only do these areas become more accessible but by retaining them the history and sense of place remains. Our proposition is a move away from the typical idea of ‘masterplanning’, to the idea of ‘integrated urbanism’ - pockets of investment which act as catalysts for change and a growing development to organically spread throughout a neighbourhood.

Our intervention intends to facilitate symbiotic relationships between the different users and communities that occupy the area by way of music. We are creating a new urban and cultural experience in the shadows of the dominant, brutalist structures of the A55 flyovers. Investing in abandoned and disused areas to add to the urban fabric, reusing and refurbishing several of the derelict buildings in the area, keeping the soul of the place but adding to the facilities available, retaining and enhancing any existing spaces or places of activity that are off the beaten track and outside the social norm.

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Timeless Vauxhall A comparison photographic study of the streets of Vauxhall, Liverpool. By Adam Brindley

Timeless Vauxhall

A comparison photographic study of the streets of Vauxhall, Liverpool. By Adam Brindley

Summer Seat 1910

Blackstock Street 1934

Summer Seat 1910

Blackstock Street 1934

Large scale buildings, One existing building to be retained and redeveloped with two new structures to be designed in the style of the historic warehouses of the area. These buildings would have larger shops and a supermarket

Mid scale buildings. These buildings will house retail units bars and restutants with flats for young professionals on the upper levels.

Bevington Street 1900 Bevington Street 1900

Eldon Street 1929

“Photography takes instant out of time, altering life by holding it still” - Dorothea Lange Eldonan Street 1929 “Photography takes an instant out of time, altering life by holding it still” - Dorothea Lange

To Liverpool Waters Project

Smaller scale buildings. These buildings will be indipendant retail units small offices, caffes and coffe shops. With accomodation fot the owners to live in or rent out on the upper level.

Proposed Train Station

To Eldonian Village

VAUXHALL HIGH STREET Adam Brindley/Rhydian Eldridge/Michael Eze: The aim of this urban design proposal celebrates one of Liverpool’s great old communities, creating a high street both visitors and locals can share and enjoy alike.

The high street will be connected to the city centre and rest of Liverpool via a new train station and creates a route that runs from the Eldonian village to the Liverpool Waters scheme, tying the fragmented areas of Vauxhall together. The area is filled with historically rich existing buildings and a unique street scape. Preserving these attributes transforms the perception of 28

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this area, encouraging positive change while stimulating investment in the community.

The vision for this scheme is to create a thriving high street that Vauxhall and Liverpool at large can be proud of, whilst tying two distinctive communities together. Most of the routes through this scheme will be pedestrianised, prioritising people over vehicles. The scheme was developed to create a place where locals and visitors can enjoy a sense of the history, diversity and community of the area.

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EVENT CITY

Nikolaos Karagiannis/Panagiotis Konikkos: Liverpool Event City creates a new park that can hold major events but also be used by the local community during periods that big events are not held. New residential blocks, mixed use developments, art hubs and a market create enough activity to sustain the park year-round. The North Liverpool bridge provides pleasant walkways, fast cycle lanes, open green spaces and views into the proposed market and the canal, and connects with the proposed residential blocks to provide playgrounds and sport activities for the residents and the local community.

DIAGONALE Zackry Johanni/Matthew Kerrod/Alexander Brooke: Currently the Vauxhall site is enclosed and divided by Waterloo Road and Great Howard Street. In order to make the site more accessible to people we wanted to create new diagonal pedestrian and cycle routes that would break the strength of the two main north to south roads while opening up the east to west streets. In order to make the site a viable community again we decided to create a series of nodes along this new route including the tunnel vents, public squares and a new marina/ train station complex.

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PEEL CONNECTION Andrew Jarman/Craig Neal: The aim of the Peel Connection is to connect Liverpool Waters to the city and to rejuvenate Vauxhall.

Peel’s £5.5 billion Liverpool Waters development is one of the single biggest in Europe. To the east of Liverpool Waters is Vauxhall, a predominantly industrial area with a number of empty lots that has been left to decay at the mercy of mother nature and man alike. As it stands, the decayed fabric of Vauxhall acts as a barrier between Liverpool Waters and the city centre.

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By rejuvenating the Vauxhall area of Liverpool the scheme creates a strong connection between Liverpool Waters and the city centre. By providing facilities that have a positive impact on the community, the scheme creates a strong link for all residents in the surrounding area as well as providing new working opportunities within the development. Three key nodes, the entrance to Liverpool Waters, a new public square and the condensed ring road-road/new crossing layout provide the main connections for a pedestrianised site, thus creating a more comfortable and inviting public realm.

TROIS NŒUDS Jacob Robertson/Andrew Harris/Fiqri Awall: Trois Nœuds (Three Nodes), connects north Marseille to the water’s edge whilst simultaneously activating three places, to the effect of offering precious, accessible public space.

The scheme revolves around three nodes: The Résidence parc Bellevue housing blocks to the northeast of the site; a cluster of three grain silos marking the south; and the CMA-CGM shipping company tower by Zaha Hadid architects in the west.

These nodes act as visual cues and edges as well as marking three concepts which pull the whole project together, namely

public buildings (silos), private industrial/commercial buildings (CMA-CGM) and dwellings (Bellevue).

These three ideas are compiled in a new typology introduced to the site. Cutting through the centre of a city block we have opened up usually unseen utilitarian space and transformed it into a high street, enclosed by buildings now dedicated to the production of artisan goods as is Marseilles history.

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spaces

Leeds Liverpool Canal at Great Howard Street

Boulevard Ferdinand de Lesseps, east Parallels 2015

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THE LOST COMMUNITY OF VAUXHALL John Finlayson/Christopher Wells/Khusri Musa: As Vauxhall has historically been a community orientated area, our manifesto was to bring these communities back into this inner city district of Liverpool. We expanded our vision to also solve key issues relating to the areas isolation from the neighbouring districts of Everton, Kirkdale and Liverpool City Centre.

By studying different typologies of residential dwellings a new typology of housing was proposed using successful elements of historical and modern models. We further implemented fundamental services currently lacking within Vauxhall from 34

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convenience stores and shops to community and activity facilities.

The overall scheme provides a vast variety of residential types. The edge of the site is defined by high rise units which gradually diffuse into lower density family dwellings surrounding public green space. The site is interconnected by a second plane which diverts movement to the new thriving high street located in the centre of the proposal.

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John Finlayson/Christopher Wells/Khusri Musa: the remade High Street (Vauxhall Road), sketched and developed, with The Eagle pub retained. The same space presented for different audiences, with appropriate technique.

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GREEN STEPS Anas Abdullah/Affan Johari/Syed Kamal Azri: The project focuses on the impoverished areas of North Marseille, aiming to improve the quality of life of the people in this area. The site sits in close proximity to the port and within a heterogeneous built fabric of warehouses, retail and high-density government social housing apartments. Security, transportation and economic opportunities where considered, as well as education for the long term success of the plan.

The strategy improves accessibility within the masterplan and its connection to the city centre and other important areas in

Marseille. The inadequate car parking issues are addressed with new underground parking. A new cycling route is provided and public transportation services are greatly improved. A number of new developments create a large strip of land designated as public space, and contain numerous activities for leisure and business. Potential empty plots are turned into interactive pocket parks, and a large redundant area at the Porte d’Aix becomes a new focal point for the university students and tourists.

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RISING RIVERS Kirandeep Matharu/Natalie Bowker/Emily Simpson: Marseille’s legacy and image within our site as a thriving city is in danger of being lost beneath a quagmire of dilapidated development and abandoned brownfield areas. The site is set within the once thriving port based powerhouse of the city. It is left with a legacy of crumbling warehouses and broken links.

The economic deterioration reflects a community suffering with a lack of footfall to attract commercial interest. This creates a vicious circle of decline. The area desperately requires investment to rejuvenate and re-establish its vibrant past.

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The project focuses on underlying context. By uncovering our natural geography we establish a sense of being and locality.

The forgotten elements lost beneath the dense urban fabric are a significant opportunity to establish a sense of locality in the warehouse stricken environment. By uncovering the network of neglected water courses the project could awaken and invigorate a sense of locality within the city.

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LIVERPOOL_CONNECT Matt Widdowson/Matthew McGovern/Rakesh Morar/ Elliot Denby: The initial concept was driven by examining the surrounding context and area. East of the site is the existing Eldonian Village first set up in 1983 housing around 2,000 people. An almost gated community, the Eldonian Village has very little connection to its surrounding environment. Within the site itself lives a mixture of small businesses and unused land, an area heavily affected by the decline of dock work, a variety of new low-price structures and historically significant buildings like the Tobacco Warehouse. West of the site along 40

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the river front is Peel’s proposed Liverpool Waters scheme creating homes for up to 30,000 people in the area.

With this in mind our concept was to connect these two existing areas together, through creating one new District Centre that could serve the different characters of these surrounding neighbourhoods. Meeting the demands of the increasing population in the local area with new commercial areas, housing and public space. Joining the existing urban fabric with new infrastructure, the new revitialising the old, the old giving the new a sense of place.

VIVA CITY Raden Ahmadi/Zhi Ying Elk/Syafeq Ruslan: Viva City will revitalise the area of Joliette by giving it a new, energetic and vibrant identity. Meaning “Life!� this was the driving concept of this master plan project. The project aims to positively solve the social problems on the site as we believe this is the key to giving the area a new lease of the life. The introduction of a new university campus, community market and recreational green park were the main core of this master plan to achieve the vision of the Viva City. The campus provides a new learning centre in the city, increasing the skills and knowledge base in the

area. The community market gives the opportunity for locals to sell goods to students and visitors. The long green park gives new vistas and views along the site and creates new routes through the site allowing closer proximity to nature and greater biodiversity in the area. The green park will be filled up with various activities as to allow for interaction between permanent occupants and visitors, to provide more healthy lifestyle and opportunities to the community by creating a place where the community can live, learn, make, share, earn and play.

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COALESCE Jonathan Farrel/John Atkinson/Thomas Glover: The project aims to interrogate the social condition in Marseille, which has created the segregation of a community settled on an industrial wasteland, manufactured by the neighbouring southern communities. This issue has materialised and matured over the course of the city’s long and rich history, catalysed by influxes of immigration as a result of war and conflict, which in turn has lead to overpopulation and the collision of cultures, languages and religious beliefs within the city.

The scheme proposed seeks to promote social integration, a 42

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complex notion that demands the consideration of various elements within the realms of politics, economy and culture.

The ambition is that the output from an intense interrogation of these interrelated areas will bestow a better understanding of the physicality of the social world, and how the physical can influence, deter or even remedy a social condition. This knowledge will inform an urban proposal that endeavours to relieve the tensions of Marseille’s divided population.

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INTERSECTION Iman Zulkifly/Bayu Aditya/Wei Ren Lee: Intersection considers the current juxtaposition of the residential and industrial areas of the site. When Tate & Lyle decided to open up a huge sugar cane factory at Love Lane thousands of workers were needed there. But after a decade, the business was shut down because of the surplus capacity in cane sugar. This caused massive job losses which affected both the community and the economy of Vauxhall. This project therefore aims to enhance the character of Vauxhall by proposing a mixed use development to improve the qualities of the area whilst 44

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still retaining the historical character of it. The design creates a buffer zone between the Eldonian residential area and the industrial area. The proposal includes a train station besides the Tobacco Warehouse and creating an elevated walkway for the pedestrians from Exchange Station to the newly proposed train station. Restaurants and bars, offices, apartments, retail, and SoHo (Small Ofiice Home Office) have been designed to be a part of the urban fabric as a secondary element and the ratio of the green area is improved throughout the site to make it lively.

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buildings Great Howard Street

Rue Caravelle

‘OUR MODERN CITY IS A DIVIDED CITY’ Henri Lefebvre

CONTEMPORARY ENCLAVE Aynsley Gray/Jamie McAllister/Emily Walkden: The city of Marseille has a socio-spatial divide. Centre and periphery originally symbiotic, have become fragmented. Deindustrialisation, centralisation of markets and the relocation of port hinterland has rendered the periphery obsolete in serving the centre. The leftover territory of the north displays an archipelago. Disparate islands of port infrastructure, factories, freight lines, docker terraces and post-war, ghettoised grand ensembles. A threshold of immigration, ethnic tensions, poverty and crime, lacking of social mobility and welfare.

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The concept proposed a polemic to highlight the divided city condition, confronting, real estate driven urbanisation. The polis model will be used to promote insular urbanisation, accentuating each island’s unique condition.

The Masterplan addresses Felix Pyat 143 grand ensemble, a product of the modernist ideal with over 2,000 residents.

It defines the landscaping, densifies residential blocks and introduces needed ancillary functions: governance, metro link, cultural node, religion, technical institute, and commercial stimulus. Functions to instil autonomy to the cité.

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Exploded Axonometric Contemporary Enclave a M e t ro P l a t f o r m b G r o u n d F l o o r - S e r v i c e A r e a & Ve c h u l a r C h a n n e l c A m b o n & A g o r a - R a i s e d Wa l l & E d g e I n t e r v e n t i o n s d Raised Plinth & Existing Modernist Block e New Interventions

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Axonometric Contemporary Enclave Nord Marseille ‘The enclave is a restricted space that makes the urban territory uneven...the space of the contemporary enclave is not truly seperated from the outside but is simply segregated.’

Axonometric Contemporary Enclave Nord Marseille ‘The enclave is a restricted space that makes the urban territory uneven...the space of the contemporary enclave is not truly seperated from the outside but is simply segregated.’ Pier Vittorio Aureli

ANIMATING THE UN-ANIMATED Rhys Gethin/Brandon McKeown/Jonathan Tinsley: Our proposal first and foremost aims to maintain the integrity of the existing fabric whilst providing a seed for change.

Three seeds in fact, in the form of mass vertical housing.

The interventions are positioned such that little, or no harm is caused to the existing built fabric. The ‘tower and plinth’ typology of the scheme will inject around 15,000 people into the area; this, along with the plans for Liverpool Waters, will reanimate North Liverpool and provide points of tension around which the area could flourish.

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The towers are split vertically with large communal gardens and parks with the ground floor environment allowing ease of pedestrian movement between the gridded street pattern.

The intention is that as the area swells with people, nearby land prices would spike, thus increasing the demand and providing a local booming economy. Businesses move in with the promise of 15,000 people to cater for. With a relevant infrastructure in place i.e. train stations, vertical parking, places of work, places of leisure and education/health facilities, North Liverpool will become a place of industry, buzzing with life once again.

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URBAN REBOOT / ALISON DORAN / RICHARD GW

This page utilises augmented reality.

To use it on your smartphone please download the Junaio Augmented Reality Browser application for Android or Apple and then using the app scan the QR code on this page to access the augmented features.

THE URBAN RE-BOOT

URBAN REBOOT / ALISON DORAN / RICHARD GWILT

Alison Doran/Richard Gwilt: Most people in today’s society are no longer constrained by one reality, our physical reality has now been augmented with personal hyper realities allowing people to occupy a personalised reality. Can we begin to channel that into an opportunity for people to use through architecture, as digital technology is allowing us to access various services and settings at the touch of a button?

The project focuses on the theme of hyper reality, exploring these mixed realities by considering the differing speeds of contemporary life and how architecture and the functions of 54

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the space react to that. The Urban ReBoot is a development with mixed use high density residential, live work units with the necessary amenities to support these residents; a school, sports centre, entertainment facilities, market spaces and a library along with public spaces that allow an escape from the hyper reality lifestyle. The arterial flow of Great Howard Street will be serviced by the Strip which contains high speed services for commuters into Liverpool, providing drive though services for banks, cleaners, shopping and all other functions for life.

MARSEILLE MODULOR Sara Demetriou/Antonius Zenonous: Next year it is estimated the Marseille region will have a population growth to nearly to 2,000,000 inhabitants. Because of the population growth the aim is to design a typology of a city that can be extended incrementally as demand for space increases.

We don’t need giant constructions, we just need constructions that are at the right size at the right moment to absorb the new population. A lot of towers and office buildings are empty because they represent only an investment and not a social response.

The scheme therefore will transform, evolve and grow continuously both horizontally and vertically with demand in order to avoid crowding, social pathology and social disorganisation.

The project is divided into the predictions for three 50-year intervals; 2015, 2065 and 2115. As it grows the new city becomes an economic, social and cultural centre. New residential, commercial and civic buildings as well as public spaces are created.

Located between the city and the port, the project gradually intertwines these to regenerate the port area and create a vibrant new centre of life and work.

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THE URBAN PHASE David Banister, Adam Mokhtar, Natalie Wilson ‘The Urban Phase’ takes the idea of a Marseille hit by unprecedented unemployment, decimated by climate change, and overrun by vast immigration from Africa, which would lead to population rising to unsustainable levels, being further ostracised from France, and becoming an independent state.

Hence, it adopts a radical growth strategy.

Taking the city as solid and re-imagining the inhabitants and their routes as waves, the project explored how void can be used to create solid. A limiting factor of 1 Hz being the average 56

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walking distance of a human in one second, 1300mm, the empty space on the plan was used to inform the newly created solid in section. Three rules were devised using wave theory and carried out on an urban block consisting of 3x3 streets.

The result, a maximum build shadow in which the humanising principle of walking and the space between has created its form. In homage to ‘The Manhattan Transcripts’, the process and its findings were produced as square tiles to allow the reader to explore the process.

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PARK DE LA RESAU Adnan Amir Izzat/Scott Stamper/David Murphy: Aiming to connect the existing residential area in North Marseille and the rising commercial district toward the port, ‘Park de la Resau’ (A Network of Parks) uses core programs that develop from the most active public interests present across the site.

Currently a strong divide in the area defines the deprived residential area in the east and the new commercial district to the west. Our strategy consists of forming a new development around the existing residents, giving them new opportunities and providing facilities to further their knowledge and skills 60

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which would allow them to compete with and within the developing businesses and commerce in the west. A series of courtyard spaces across the site will generate connections between the two districts; these generous squares respond to the intricacy of the existing city plan, integrating themselves through their sensitivity to the existing context and the intense social activity that takes place in them. Moreover, these new spaces provide a much needed transition into the hard-edged, large-scale commercial development of the Euromediterranee masterplan.

Green Space / Pedestrian Routes

Proposed Massing

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Site Analysis

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Masterplan in Context Site Analysis 10

Concept Breakdown 16

CULTIVATING A SENSE OF PLACE Hugh Haran/Maria Pitsillou/Rebecca Nutbrown: Our intial analysis recognised that the North East of the Joliette district of Marseille was lacking any sense of place - Opportunities for people to come together were practically non-existent.

The intention for the project was to create places which would be driven by local diverse communities; The existing grain silo becomes the focus, as a museum of culture which would be run by the local communities; The core market area is a market by day, open theatre by night where the ground plane becomes the stage and the buildings’ edges host the audience. To the south

of the site are the main residential areas with one area serving as a family oriented community with some light textile industry to provide an income but also a place to learn a local trade.

Around the square at the base of the grain silo are the main civic buildings of the area, a local council and library situated on the edges of the square.

The area to the south east contains higher density housing. This area serves the young professionals and creatives who may work in the city centre. Here a new metro entrance becomes a more celebrated arrival in the Joliette area.

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MARSEILLE MELTING POT Patrick Taft/Jon Mackereth/Jack Prescott: The project responds to Marseille as a cosmopolitan Mediterranean city steeped in cultural diversity due to overseas influence throughout the centuries.

Identifying the great assimilations the city has with the Mediterranean and the Maghreb in particular, the project proposes Marseille as an independent city state. This new state is an independent member of the Arab Maghreb Union with an elected government of its own, and contradicting the approach of the increasingly stringent immigration policy of the French 62

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government, becomes open to immigration from the AMU. Studying precedents such as Spitalfields and the Bowery - places whose identity was defined by a transient population - common threads were identified and incorporated into the scheme; a main thoroughfare forming the ‘spine’ of the scheme and a dense mix of residential and industrial uses enabling settlers to arrive, find somewhere to live and work immediately.

The project celebrates and accentuates the social makeup of the city by welcoming arrival, providing enterprise opportunities and enabling integration into existing fragmented communities.

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West Tower

Radisson SAS Hotel Hilton Hotel Liverpool One Old Hall Street

Adagio Hotel Lewis’s

Part 1 and Part 2 Graduates please send your up to date CV and portfolio for consideration for a position.

Parsonage Chambers - 3 The Parsonage - Manchester M3 2HW T +44 (0)161 828 7900 E manchester@ahr-global.com ahr-global.com

www.bdp.com manchester@bdp.com

We have a clear focus to design buildings and landscapes that are sustainably and responsibly procured. Our projects include housing, education, urban regeneration and healthcare. For over 35 years we have worked in partnership with our clients to achieve architecture of a high quality using the latest technology, and more recently Building Information Modelling. We work collaboratively with project teams to deliver schemes on time and within budget.

We promote ourselves as a proactive team of architects, landscape architects, building surveyors and technologists with the expertise to work on new build and refurbishment schemes, including conservation and historic projects. www.ainsleygommonarchitects.co.uk

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Excellence ... in our people, service and architecture.

Ryder Architecture was established in 1953 in Newcastle and now works across the UK from offices in Newcastle, Glasgow, Liverpool and London and internationally in Asia, Europe and Australasia.

Our principles throughout the evolution of the practice have remained consistent - design is fundamentally a process of problem solving, from briefing consultancy and masterplanning through to interior and product design and post occupancy evaluation. We continually search for timeless economic and elegant solutions with an enduring expression of purpose.

Our quest for excellence in architecture is supported by a continuing evolution of best practice in business and the design process within a culture that promotes collaboration, creativity, empowerment, entrepreneurialism and teamwork.

EllisWilliams Architects London Warrington www.ewa.co.uk

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ARCHITECTURE | URBAN PLANNING | INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

www.ljmu.ac.uk/lsa www.urbandesignljmu.com www.facebook.com/Architecture.LJMU For more information contact Jamie Scott, Senior Lecturer j.t.scott@ljmu.ac.uk or Ian Wroot, Programme Leader, i.wroot@ljmu.ac.uk Fonts Gill Sans MT Garamond Printed by Custom Print Ltd 13-23 Naylor Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L3 6DR

This catalogue celebrates the recent studio work of our Architecture and Urban Design Masters students.

This year we have looked specifically at Vauxhall, Liverpool and a similar territory in Marseille. The correspondences between these two sites have been a powerful reminder of the empathy found between port cities across Europe.

We hope the projects presented here offer a primer for discussions about the urban future of Liverpool.

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Liverpool School of Art & Design John Lennon Art and Design Building, Duckinfield Street, Liverpool, L3 5RD