Birk re establishing lost connections kb rs sz

RE-ESTABLISHING THE LOST CONNECTIONS

Urban Design Report 7004 Management, Practice and Law(1) Kari Bradbury, Robbie Simcox and Syeda Zaman 11

Contents

Manifesto

5

Introduction

6

Historical Analysis

The Wirral Birkenhead

7 8

Site Analysis

The Wirral Birkenhead - Deprivation, land ownership and building us Movement and Destinations

9 10 12

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

14 15 16

Phasing

Masterplan

17

Design Process

18

Design Ideas

20

Street Scenes

22

Precedence

24

Appendix

References

2

Policy Sustainability Cost Plan Design Strategy

26 28 30 31 32

3

Manifesto

4 4

5

Historical Analysis of the Wirral

Introduction

1732 - Map of the Wirral [Fig 1]

1898 - Map of the Wirral [Fig 2]

Historical Timeline [1]

5 6

6 7

Site Analysis of the Wirral

Historical Analysis of Birkenhead 1815

1880

1920

1950

2015

Fig 4

Historical Figure Grounds

Fig 5

Fig 6

Fig 7

Fig 8

Fig 9

[Fig 3]

Historical Timeline [2]

7 8

8 9

Deprivation, Deprevation, Land LandOwnership Ownership&&Building BuildingUse Use AREAS OF DEPRIVATION Most Deprived

Top 10% lowest ranked within-England Most Deprived Top 10% lowest ranked within England

Health

Top 20%20% lowest ranked in England Top lowest ranked within England

Health

Top 30%30% lowest ranked within ranked England Top lowest within England

Health

Top 40%40% lowest ranked in England Top lowest ranked in England

Health

Top 50%50% lowest ranked in England Top lowest ranked in England

Least Deprived

Below 50%Deprived - Below 50% Least

LAND LAND OWNERSHIP OWNERSHIP -- Homeowner Homeowner

The indicies of deprivation is based on: Income deprivation; The Indices of Deprivation is based on: Income deprivation; employment deprivation; health deprivation and employment deprivation; health deprivation and disability; disability; education deprivation; crime deprivation; barriers to housing and services deprivation; and living education deprivation; crime deprivation; barriers to housing environment deprivation. and services deprivation; and living environment deprivation.

Households that are Owned Households that are Owned

Robert Simcox Robert Simcox

Wirral Household Context Map Wirral Household Context Map

Bromborough and Eastham Bromborough and Eastham Commercial Core Commercial Core Heswall Heswall Hoylake and West Kirby Hoylake and West Kirby Mid Wirral Mid RuralWirral Areas Rural AreasBirkenhead Suburban Suburban Wallasey Birkenhead Wallasey

The Wirral The Wirral 80.1% - 100.0%

Higher Concentration of Owned Households

Higher Concentration 80.1% - 100.0% 80.1% - 100.0% Higher Concentration of Owned Households of Owned Households

60.1% - 80.0%

60.1% - 80.0% 60.1% - 80.0% 40.1% - 60.0%

40.1% - 60.0% 40.1% - 60.0% 20.1% - 40.0%

20.1% - 40.0% 20.1% - 40.0% Lower Concentration 0.0% - 20.0% of Owned Households Lower Concentration 0.0% - 20.0% 00.0% - 20.0%of Owned Households Lowest

Initial Findings Initial Findings •A diverse housing market – higher house prices in the west than the east Concentration Owned •A diverseof housing marketHouseholds – higher house pricesindustrial in the west than the east •Socio-economic decline due to loss of heavy base over the last 30 years •Socio-economic due toand lossunemployed of heavy industrial base over the of lastdeclining 30 years housing markets, particularly in Birken •Concentrations ofdecline low income households in areas •Concentrations of low income and unemployed households in areas of declining housing markets, particularly in Birken head. head.

•Good connectivity to areas of economic growth to the south (Chester and North Wales), the east (Liverpool City •Good connectivity to Merseyside areas of economic growth the Region south (Chester and North Wales), the east (Liverpool City Centre) and the wider conurbation andtoCity Centre) and the wider Merseyside conurbation and City Region Typologies of Owned Households.

Typologies of Owned Households.

Generally, the houses that are owned are Semi-Detatched and mostly found in the Sub-urban areas of Birkenhead with a Generally, the houses arerear owned are Semi-Detatched mostly found in the Sub-urban areas of Birkenhead a small front garden andthat larger garden.

The constructionand is usually that of brick and block with a large volume of with the houses small garden and larger garden. construction is usually of brick blockfor with a large volume ofthe theside houses beingfront constructed around tehrear 1960’s.

TheseThe houses would vary from 3that - 4 Bed, withand parking atleast 2 cars along of being constructed around teh 1960’s.

These houses would vary from 3 4 Bed, with parking for atleast 2 cars along the side of the property. the property.

Households that are Socially Rented Households that are Socially Rented

Higher Concentration 80.1% Higher Concentration of Social Rented of Social Rent >40.0% - 100.0% Higher Concentration

>40.0%

of Social Rent

30.1% - 40.0% 60.1% - 80.0% 30.1% - 40.0%

Typologies of Social Rented Households.

Typologies of Social Rented Households.

Socally rented houses in this area can be generalised as being either terraced or medium density appartment blocks, having Socally rented houses in this such area as can be generalised as being either or constructed medium density appartment blocks,with having poor architectural qualities, Natural light and ventilation, theyterraced are usually using “Brick and Block” a poor architectural qualities, such as Natural light and ventilation, are usually using “Brick and Block” tiled roof.

The windows and doors are most commonly UPVC. Thethey apartments andconstructed houses would most commonly be awith 1 - 2a tiled The windowscases and doors are being most commonly Thealocated apartments and houses most commonly beoccua1-2 bed, roof. with exceptional of 3 bed avaliable. UPVC. Minimum parking spaces would are provided leaving the bed, exceptional cases being avaliable.

Minimum alocated parking spaces are provided leaving the occupantswith to park on the street orof in 3abed communal parking area. pants to park on the street or in a communal parking area.

40.1% - 60.0% 20.1% - 30.0% 20.1% - 30.0%

10.1% - 20.0% 20.1% - 40.0% 10.1% - 20.0%

0.0% - 10.0% Rent 00.0% - 20.0% Lowerof Social Lowest Concentration of Social Rented Concentration Lower Concentration

0.0% - 10.0%

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of Social Rent

Residential Neighborhoods

Public Houses

Employment

Leisure & Recreation

Retail

Transport

District Centre

Education

Green Spaces & Parks

Health

Civic Buildings

Ventilation Shafts

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Road Infrastructure

Movement and Destinations

COMMUTING PATTERNS

Commuting Patterns To and From Sefton

To West Lancashire

Internal Migration Flow (Number of People)

To Salford

To and From Sefton

To and From St. Helens

To and From Warrinton

200 - 7000

To and From Knowsley

7001 - 15000

To and From Liverpool

To Trafford

To and From Flintshire

To Manchester

> 15000

To Stockport

To and From Halton

To and From Wrexham

To Macclesfield

Motorways, Main roads into Birkenhead, Laird Town Plan Boulevards To and From Ellesmere Port and Neston

Areas of Intersection To and From Vale Royal

To and From Chester

Areas of Traffic Intersection Train Stations

Destinations

DOMESTIC MIGRATION

Commuting Patterns

Domestic Migration Flow (Number of People)

To and From Liverpool To and From Sefton

> 1000 To and From Knowsley To and From Flintshire

501 - 1000

To and From Leeds

< 500

To and From Sheffield

To Wrexham To and From Manchester

Industrial

To and From Cheshire West

Green Spaces & Parks Birkenhead Town Centre Main To Cheshire East

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Twelve Quays Commercial Campus

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Phase 2 - Connecting Birkenhead

Phase 1- Re-establishing the Lost Connection around the Wirral Does Birkenhead belong to Liverpool or The Wirral?

Birkenhead has lost itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s connection back to the Wirral. Phase One of our masterplan reinstates the connection to each main park to each major settlement by using the existing cycle routes and creating new where needed.

Wallasey

1.5 Miles

Hoylake 6.2 Miles

Birkenhead

West Kirby

Bebington

6.7 Miles

3.8 Miles

Heswall 7.2 Miles

The Local Transport Plan for Merseyside has 6 main aims that they want to achieve of which our masterplan relates to two of them. These are;

The green belt forms the outer boundary to Birkenhead and the masterplan proposes to create an intermediate green routes through Birkenhead. These green routes will connect the existing green spaces and parks and also to the proposed waterfront promenade and the proposed green flyover.

Provide and promote a clean, low emission transport system which is resilent to changes to climate and oil availbility.

Ensure the transport system promotes and enables improved health and wellbeing and road safety.

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Phase 3- The Green Axis The green axis is formed from the existing Laird grid system, and will provide a green express cycle way from the motarway up to Birkenhead. The images to the right shows how the grid deals with meeting the motarway, meeting detached housing, meteting terraced housing and meeting water.

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Design Process

...

Design Principles Re-establishing Lost Connections is an exciting proposal that will initially provide a series of contained parks for community activity, eventually being infilled as social & cultural spaces that would be generated by the communities needs at that point in time.

The form of that ladder was derived from the idea of emphasising the axis of the existing Laird grid.

The ladder running South West to North East was anchored into position by identifying the most dominant characteristics of Birkenhead which we defined as being the largest of the Ventilation Shaft along the promenade, which became the end point of the ladder. The ladder running from North West to South East was anchored by the docks which will house the new Wirral Waters Scheme and the symmetry of the Initial Axis in relation to the Ferry Port, the end point to this access being a new urban forest which relates back to the theme of Nature within the Wirral.

The axis were then justified by relating it to the area’s existing places of interest, these being;

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Infrastructure Hamilton Square, the Town Hall and Magistrates Court building, Birkenhead community college, the Transport Museum with its fixed position due to the Tram line that commences from the museum and ends at the Ferry Terminal, and the second largest Ventilation shaft in Birkenhead.

Hierarchy / Programme of Social Space The project will depict three themes derived from our findings and thematic characteristics important and unique to Birkenhead, these being: The Wirral, and the idea that it is Liverpools closest access to nature. Birkenhead, exposing the characteristics of the historic built environment, and Industry, still to this day an important asset to Birkenhead as both a visual stimuli and in providing employment. These areas will be given significance as they will provide large permanent event spaces defined by a series of viewing platforms and crane lighting.

Initially we wish to provide a series of contained parks, connected by a series of paths that have been given dominance for pedestrians over the car by having zebra crossings. As the population of Birkenhead increases and the need for community activity space is greater the parks can be converted into the following examples: • Workshops • Playgrounds • Exhibitions • Concerts • Demountable Pavilions • Games and Competitions • Along with any other typologies that encourage community involvement relevant to its community’s needs.

The awkward positioning of the QueensTunnel entrance can be seen to split Birkenhead at a valuableintersection,hard to negotiate as a pedestrian due to the vast area taken up by the Toll. The possibility that could this space could reconnect the main commercial area with the waterfront, The Priory, and the Cammel Laird Dock is one we wished to explore.

Our proposal for the infrastructure is to create and extension to the tunnel that will extend it to the flyover. This will move the existing disastrous highway road network that is percent today away from the areas of higher land value re-defining the area as a new public realm and providing new spaces for development in this area, the toll will

operate as an Auto Pay System similar to that used for the London congestion charge Traffic that would exactingly travel straight into the centre of Birkenhead from the A41 will be diverted around the southern edge of the site in the form of a new duel carriage way forcing the traffic to entre Birkenhead from the west, filtering traffic movements down to a minimal as you progress towards the promenade. This will reduce the traffic flow around the main areas of Birkenheadmaking it feel more pedestrian dominated.

The proposal plans to include new car parking facilities and bike ports towards the southern end of the site next to the start of the new Cycle route (existing railway)

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Design Ideas

...

Sculptures By imposing a re-interpretation of the Laird grid we will need to enforce its grid, we pose to do this by implementing a variety of major and minor sculptures where the grid meets the ladder The major sculptures will be in the form of viewing platforms and can be found on two sites along the ladder and one in relation to the grid. These platforms have a specific reason for being positioned where they have, First being the one located by the fly-over which represents the Wirral, connecting the ground level to the flyover then extending to a viewing platform, surrounded by trees and being the tallest of the viewing platforms will give a 365 degree view of the Wirral and how the organic form of woodland to the south transfers into an or

dered gridded arrangement of trees showing the transition from the Wirral Wirralinto into Birkenhead.

Birkenhead. The second being the one located by the largest of the Ventilation Shafts, being a low level platform as to to not not exposes expose views to Liverpool enforcing a theme of Birkenhead, surrounded by Listed buildings we intend to expose poses the the industrial industrial characteristics of these buildings. Finally the viewing platform that has been located next to the Cammel Laird Dock enforces a theme of the current industry of the area, the sounds and movements of workers and machinery, with industrial cranes for ship building and maintenance.

The minor minorsculptures sculptures are are intendined tended to act to like act those like those of Benard of BeTschumi’s nardTschumi’s – Park – Park de la deVillette, la Vilreinforcing lette, reinforcing the grid thealong grid along

View across new public space outside the Maritime College towards the docks

the ladder and breaking up the space to encourage and show the people who walk past them that these are spaces designed for encounters, encouraging people to uses use them them as as they see fit.

View from The Priory over the dock and Maritime College towards Liverpool Cranes Following the theme of industry which is of great significance to the history of Birkenhead the proposal involves a series of crane lighting similar to that of the West 8 - Schouwburgplein,

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(Rotterdam) which will again encourage integration with an industrial idea. Below each crane we have posed a hard landscaped area that will play host to another series of events,

lit by the lights from the cranes.

By incorporating a series of Viewing Platforms, Sculptures and Cranes the proposal produces a place of interest and interaction as well as its existing

historical context, encouraging tourists from all over the world to visit the area. Inevitably Birkenhead’s skyline will become more appealing to the people of Liverpool who will able to see

these structures and their movement, enticing them to travel to Birkenhead, intern encouraging them to spend their money, growing the economy of Birkenhead.

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Street Scenes

...

View Towards Town Hall showing new public space

View of Townhall and new landscaped edge

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Precedence

...

Image 16 7 Image 17 8 Image 10 1

West 8 - Schouwburgplein

Image 11 2 Image 15 6

The layout of the square is based on the expected use at different times of the day and its relationship to the sun. These sunlight-zones are reflected in the mosaic of the different materials used on the floor.

The West side of the square is a poured epoxy floor containing silver leaves. The East side (with more sunlight) has a wooden bench over the entire length and warm materials including rubber and timber decking on the ground plane.

Pelargonium geraniums are also placed seasonally within this warm

Image 12 3

zone.

Fifteen-meter high ventilation towers from the underground parking are strong vertical elements on the square. Each of these lightweight steel structures is activated with LED displays. Together the three towers form a digital clock.

At night, the towers are lit from the inside spreading a soft filtered light.

The centre of the square is finished with a deck of perforated metal panels and a wooden play area.

The perforated metal panels are lit from below with white, green and

Image13 4

black fluorescent tubes. Connections for electricity and water, as well as facilities to build tents and fencing for temporary events, are built into the floor.

Fluorescent lights form a radiant Milky Way at night. The whole square seems to be floating because of the linear lights that are mounted under the edge of the raised deck. The last major features of the square are the four hydraulic lighting elements. Their configuration can be interactively altered by [3] the inhabitants of the city. [1]

Bernard Tschumi - Parc de la Villette Tschumi did not design the park in a traditional mindset where landscape and nature are the predominant forces behind the design.

Rather he envisioned Parc de la Villette as a place of culture where natural and artificial are forced together into a state of constant reconfiguration and discovery.

Parc de la Villette was not meant to be a picturesque park reminiscent of centuries past; it was more of an open expanse that was meant to be explored and discovered by those that visited the site. Tschumi, wanted the park to be a space for activity and interaction that would evoke a sense of freedom within a superimposed organization that would give the visitors points of reference.

As part of Tschumi’s overall goral to induce exploration, movement, and interaction, he scattered 10 themed gardens throughout the large expansive site that people would stumble upon either quite literally or ambiguously.

Each themed garden gives the visitors a chance to relax, meditate, and even play.

Parc de la Villette is designed with three principles of organization which Tschumi classifies as points, lines, and surfaces. The 135 acre site is organized spatially through a grid of 35 points, or what Tschumi calls follies. The series of follies give a dimensional and organizational quality to the park serving as points of reference. The repetitive nature of each folly, even though each

one is unique and different, allow for the visitors to retain a sense of place through the large park.

Tschumi’s lines are essentially the main demarcated movement paths across the park. Unlike the follies, the paths do not follow any organizational structure; rather they intersect and lead to various points of interest within the park and the surrounding urban area.

Of the 135 acres, 85 acres are dedicated to the green space, which are categorized as surfaces. The large open green spaces give Parisians space to interact, play, relax, and gather. The open space is typically used for large gatherings and even in the summer it becomes a [5] large open air cinema. [3]

Image 19 10

Image 20 11

Image 14 5

Shlomo Aronson - National Outline Plan for Afforestation “I think we have come to the strange conclusion that in our time, a great proportion of mankind will not know wild nature. Instead, urban man will meet nature as a man-made entity, shaped and maintained by his culture, whether or not he is aware of it. This is a great problem. No longer are we given the immutable world within

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the folds of which we must find our place. On the contrary, we are the designers, even of the forests and the hills. Our heavy machinery levels terrain and destroys vast stretches of the natural domain. Our dwellings are entangled with huge highways which stretch across the land to the edge of the sea. We are made small by these vast

works, and yet they are our own doing. But if that is the case, we have the power now, to maintain the world as we want it to remain.

This is our duty as human beings, and our challenge as architects” [4] [2] Shlomo Aronson

Image 18 9

Rem Kool Hauss - Exodus

Kenzo Tange - Tokyo Bay

Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse

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The Appendix - Policy

22 26

The Appendix - Policy

23 27

The Appendix - Sustainability

24 28

The Appendix - Sustainability

25 29

The Appendix - Cost Plan

This masterplan that is proposed will increase and engourage growth for the area, by providing a This masterplan that is proposed will increase and engourage growth for the area, by providing a solid infastructure for the future. The Wirral Waters scheme combined with this masterplan will increase solid infastructure for the future. The Wirral Waters scheme combined with this masterplan will increase the land values within Birkenhead . The -£34,134,833.17 will only provide the infastructure and landthe land values within Birkenhead . The -£34,134,833.17 will only provide the infastructure and landscape foundationsproviding providingland landready readytotobe be developed. scapetotothe thearea areaand andwill willlay lay down down the the foundations developed.

References References http://info.wirral.nhs.uk/document_uploads/Wirral%20Econic%20Profiles/Wirral_Economic_Profile_Sept_2011.pdf http://info.wirral.nhs.uk/document_uploads/Wirral%20Econic%20Profiles/Wirral_Economic_Profile_Sept_2011.pdf http://www.ebuild.co.uk/topic/1236-cost-of-site-demolition-clearing/ http://www.ebuild.co.uk/topic/1236-cost-of-site-demolition-clearing/ http://www.legalfutures.co.uk/uncategorized/land-contamination-costs-homeowners-11-5bn http://www.legalfutures.co.uk/uncategorized/land-contamination-costs-homeowners-11-5bn https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/407155/February_2015_Land_value_publication_FINAL.pdf https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/407155/February_2015_Land_value_publication_FINAL.pdf http://www.garden-design-manchester.co.uk/price-guide/ http://www.garden-design-manchester.co.uk/price-guide/ http://www.publicarchitecture.co.uk/knowledge-base/files/indicative_building_costs.pdf http://www.publicarchitecture.co.uk/knowledge-base/files/indicative_building_costs.pdf http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13924687 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13924687

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The Appendix - Design Stategy Re-establishing lost connections land for future development. from The Wirral to Birkenhead An almost desolate promanade Initial research showed that with a one of the greatest views the deprevation to the East of of the skyline of Liverpool only Birkenhead was in dire need of to be beaten by the view from something that would break up the water. By reconnecting the the urban landscape and cre- promanade from the docks ate a new series of public spac- back up to the water treatment es that would like Birkenhead center by the Ventilation tower back to the greenspaces within then back around to the Wirral The Wirral.

Waters Development, a new circular route will be created, encouraging further future deRe-establishing lost connections velopment from Birkenhead to the Wirral A change in the road network The Design will create the every will filter down traffic as it moves day spaces in which people can towards the promanade creatlive out their communal lives at ing a more pedestrian dominattheir own leasuire. With an or- ed feeling ganised “Ladder” framework of open spaces, this proposal will develop a new and unique Distinguised Event Spaces richness and delight whilst promoting the existing areas her- A series of Interactable Cranes, riatage and characteristics. Stulptures will unlock the once Three particular characteristics hidden away sense of fun and been expressed, the interpra- interaction with the surounding tation of the existing Laird Grid, evironment. a historical road infrastructure unique to its place, chief archi- A series of smaller sculptures tect being James Gillespie Gra- will then be placed at spacific ham. Second being the Histori- points on the ladder to enforce cal context of Birkenhead Listed the gird proposed in this proposbuildings. Finally, Industry, which al. played an important role in Birkenheads success.

Re-establishing lost connections between Birkenhead and its History The existing toll acts as a barrier for those walking from the retail area, past The Priory down onto the Promanade, a walk similar to the one caried out by those in Liverpool. By extending the tunnel to under the flyover we will be able to create a new landscaped route opening up new areas for the proposal andnew

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References / Bibliography Images Figure 1 - 1732 Map of the Wirral - http://www.hiddenwirral.org.uk/old-maps-of-wirral/4583651447 Figure 2 - 1898 Map of the Wirral - http://www.antiquemaps.com/uk/mzoom/30158.htm Figure 3 - Historic Figure Grounds Page 3 - https://blackboard.ljmu.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-3142987-dt-content-rid-9512033_2/courses/7002MARCH-201516-YR-AUG/7001%202%20Birkenhead%20History%20JK%20LT%20GW.pdf Figure 4 - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wirral_Grammar_School_View_from_Students_Entrance_in_Spring.jpg Figure 5 - http://www.wirralwebsite.co.uk/Wirral360/images/West%20Kirby%20marine%20lake%20sitting%20off.JPG Figure 6 - http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Tourism-g1096783-Hoylake_Wirral_Merseyside_England-Vacations.html Figure 7 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral#/media/File:Benkid77_Wallasey_Town_Hall_1_090809.JPG Figure 8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral#/media/File:Benkid77_Wallasey_Town_Hall_1_090809.JPG Figure 9 - http://www.heswall.com/wp-content/gallery/heswall/approach_to_sheldrakes.jpg Figure 10 - http://www.gizmoweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/34991.jpg Figure 11 - https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5048/5365781523_55662059e5_b.jpg Figure 12 - http://www.s-aronson.co.il/project/national-master-plan-for-afforestation-tama-22/ Figure 13 - http://www.s-aronson.co.il/project/national-master-plan-for-afforestation-tama-22/ Figure 14 - http://www.s-aronson.co.il/project/national-master-plan-for-afforestation-tama-22/ Figure 15 - http://www.tschumi.com/media/files/00367.jpg Figure 16 - https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/16/c1/cc/16c1cc37fe29b6ceb8477100cc8ab2fe. jpg Figure 17 - http://curatorialproject.com/images/628_La_Villette-3.jpg Figure 18 - http://socks-studio.com/img/blog/Exodus7-800x653.jpg Figure 19 - http://www.lukez.com/website/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/big_331716_6047_metabolism_ 01.jpg Figure 20 - Image 11 - Le Corbusier - http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/51fadfb7e8e44ea2b000000f_ ad-classics-ville-radieuse-le-corbusier_radiant-city.jpg

References [1] http://www.visitwirral.com/dbimgs/Wirral%20Visitor%20Guide%202012_13.pdf [2] http://www.visitoruk.com/Birkenhead/21st-century-T3228.html [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schouwburgplein_(Rotterdam) [4] http://www.s-aronson.co.il/ [5] http://www.archdaily.com/92321/ad-classics-parc-de-la-villette-bernard-tschumi [6] Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council (2007) Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report. Available at: https://www.wirral.gov.uk/sites/default/files/all/planning%20and%20building/Local%20plans%20and%20planning%20policy/Local%20plans/Core%20strategy%20local%20 plan/Sustainability%20Appraisal/Wirral%20Core%20Strategy%20Sustainability%20Appraisal%20Scoping%20Report.pdf (Accessed: 12 November 2015) [7] Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council (2000) Unitary Development Plan for Wirral. Available at: https://www.wirral.gov.uk/sites/default/files/all/planning%20and%20building/Local%20plans%20and%20planning%20policy/Local%20plans/Unitary%20Development%20 Plan/UDP%20Written%20Statement%20Sections/5.%20Green%20Belt.pdf (Accessed: 12 November 2015) [8] Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council (2014) Local Development Framework for Wirral. Available at: https://www.wirral.gov.uk/sites/ default/files/all/planning%20and%20building/Local%20plans%20and%20planning%20policy/Development%20monitoring/2014/Monitoring%20Report%20Amended%20March%202015.pdf (Accessed: 12 November 2015)

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