Architecture Portfolio 2014-2015 Xiaoxiang_Li

PORTFOLIO IN ARCHITECTURE Xiaoxiang Li

TABLE OF CONTENTS #0 Curriculum Vita Academicic #1 Thesis: The Urban Barricade / A Utopiansim Architectural Revolution Episode 1 Introduction Briefly Introduce The Issues of Sustainability Among Centralization & Decentralization in Paris.

Episode 2: Paris Historical Study Chapter 1: History of Haussmann’s Renovation of Paris Chapter 2: History of Paris Revolution 1830 and Paris Commune Episode 3: Centralization and Decentralization Chapter 1: Centralized Contemporary situation Chapter 2: Decentralization Movements Chapter 3: A Utopia Idea Episode 4: Future Sustainable Social City Chapter 1: Ebenezer Howard Garden Cities of To-morrow (1902) Chapter 2: R-URBAN Case Study Chapter 3: A Utopia Idea Episode 5: Urban Barricade and Self-Sustainable Theory Episode 6: Urban Barricade Design Conclusion

#2 Reuss Lens / Sustainable Museum Design • • • • • • •

Design Workflow Introduction The River Morphologies Plan In Context & Construction Word: Light Word: Water Word: Wind

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Energy Performance

Workshop #3 Social Algorithms & Urban Agency / AAVS Shanghai_2014

Other Projects/ Research Extra

CURRICULUMVITA

Contact Xiaoxiang Li Department of Architecture University of Sheffield Email: archnightly@gmail.com Tel: +447895332416

EDUCATION University of Sheffield,School of Architecture, Sustainable Architecture Studies, Master Degree(Expected).

Since 27/09/2014

Sichuan University of Media and Communication, Bachelor. Distinction Honoured

Since 01/09/2009

PROFESSIONAL Intern Architect in MAT+5M (Shanghai) Projects: Heze International Business Center competition (Project Design) Chongqing Mingrun Square(II phase) (Analysis, Post effect)

01/04/2014 - 01/07/2014

Intern Architect Studio Polpo.

Chosen students to joining University of Sheffield PAS program(Postgraduate Advantage Scheme)

21/03/2015 - 03/07/2015

Projects: Pavilion Design for Sheffield Design Week (Project Design).

Portland Works Project (Working on One Design Option).

WORKSHOP AA School London Summer DLAB AA Summer School (Shanghai) Tsinghua University Digital Architecture Research Lab NCF Shanghai Parametric Summer Workshop

26/07/2015 - 14/08/2015 18/07/2014 - 28/07/2014 29/07/2014 - 09/08/2014 28/07/2012 - 14/08/2012

COMPETITIONSEXHIBITIONS Architecture: Design Museum - Mexico City,Work with Igor Pantic and Soomeen Hahm from Zaha Hadid Architects, Project Design, Parametric Modeling

15/08/2014 - 10/09/2014

Outstanding Awarding, Taida International Solar Powered Architecture Competition Work with Group from Southeast University of China

26/02/2013 - 14/03/2013

Design Proposal Winner in AA school DLAB

26/07/2015 - 08/08/2015

Design: Jumpthegap 9th National Student's Work Exhibiton

18/03/2015 - 01/04/2015

Fine Arts: 1st place, Sketch Competition in Maanshan Ciry 2nd place, Sketch Competition in Anhui Province 2 works, University Annual Exhibtion 1 works, Universtiy Annual Exhibition 1 works, Universtiy Annual Exhibition 1st place, The First Year of Sheffield ELTC Photography Competition

13/01/2008 - 01/04/2008 01/05/2008 - 01/07/2008 2009 2010 2012 2014

CERTIFICATIONSHONORS Senior National Photographer (CHINA) , Since 2010 Senior Graphic Artist (CHINA), Since 2011 Senior Exhibition Designer (CHINA), Since 2011 2012 First Class University Scholarship Distinction Honoured, 2013 Outstanding Graduates Honor, 2013 AA Member, Since 2014 Job Offer form Kengo Kuma and Associates, 2014

SKILLSABILITY Digital Design Skills Digital Fabrication Professional Building Environment Analysis Landscape Architecture Design Hand-Drawing / Hand-Modeling AutoCAD | Adobe Photoshop | Adobe Illustrator | Adobe InDesign | Adobe AfterEffect | Rhinoceros | Grasshopper | T-Splines | Processing | Google Sketchup | Autodesk Maya | Autodesk 3DS Max | Autodesk Revit | Dynamo | VUE | Project Vasari | Softimage| Ecotect | Realflow | Mapbox Studio | V-ray | Keyshot | Maxwell Render | Microsoft Office

REFERENCES Alexandros Kallegias. Zaha Hadid Architects, Architectural Association, University of Liverpool. +44 2072535147.

Alexandros.Kallegias@zaha-hadid.com Mark Parsons, Studio Polpo, Director, University of Sheffield. 0114 360 1822. mark.parsons@studiopolpo.com

The Urban Barricade A Utopiansim Architectural Revolution

# Thesis Project Project: The Urban Barricade

Episode 1: Introduction

152 Av. des Champs-Élysées 75008 Paris France152 Av. des Champs-Élysées 75008 Paris France 47.0000° N, 2.0000° E September, 2015

Drawing of Centralized Paris

The development of “Sustainable Architecture” was driven by the force of sustainable technology and social culture. Sustainable architecture should be thought of as a system: sustainable architectural technology; architectural social responsibility; the impact on human behaviour and judgment “is the architecture providing a sustainable way to people’s inhabitation?” “Sustainable architecture content ethic principle of ‘equality of generation’ and ‘equality of intergeneration’. It is a significant revolution of architecture history (Sanbo Shen (2013).

The first architecture revolution happened 4000 years ago. Mesopotamians fabricated glass and French technicians installed the glass onto buildings in 14th century in order to bring light into the rooms; The Second one was the technique of concrete material first invented by a French Architect. In 1954, the famous architect Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe installed glass onto the Seagram Building; thus, it can predicted that energy efficiency，environmental friendliness and social friendliness will be marked as the symbol of the third revolution of architecture.

It is incredible that the social and culture aspect of our modernism sustainable architecture education was missing. As architects have always been limited to major specificity, they treat architecture and technology as a single independent system. Nevertheless, the population of architects who try to bring architecture into historical, political and economic frames are increasing. They explore their own architecture practice to understand the relationship between buildings, cities and people.

The background of project “Urban Barricade” is based on a non-sustainable principle in our urbanisation process. It focuses on decentralisation in the centralised metropolitan city of Paris. It created a utopian structure providing dwelling and production space for underprivileged people; it claims the equal rights to the city. The site was chosen at the famous landmark in Paris---- Champs-Élysées. The whole project is based on three principles: mobile, sustainable lifestyle, monument. Mobility was based on vehicles and uses preformed units in low embodied energy building materials to create space. Although the project uses inventional sustainable active and passive strategy it also aims to educate people on sustainable lifestyles. Replace fully consummation to production. It can be seen typologically as a memory space for the Paris Commune, bringing back the traditional wine industry of Paris. People challenge the way of architectural design as one architect plays a role of god; academically reclaiming the realm of sustainable design theory.

As a matter of fact, the urbanisation of the city was the social politics’ microcosm. For instance, the masterpiece of urban planning ----The Haussmann Renovation. It had being implied as specific political objectives. Thus, architects should fully consider the aspect of political complexion behind urbanisation. The architect of CCTV Headquarters, Rem Koolhaas said architects and architecture should face their geopolitics’ rival rather than satisfy through building many commercial buildings. An architecture with sustainability should express well the political thought or ideals accurate presence and guide people to good social values.

Movement Analysis of Champs ElysĂŠes

Episode 2: Paris Historical Study

With the help from Napoleon III , Haussmann was banished the underworld people who hard to control in the name of “urbanization�. What the prosperity can saw brought a series impact of environment; exacerbated urban-suburb gap and rich-poor divided.

Drawing of Haussmann's Renovation of Paris

Achievement of the Haussmann Renovation of Paris

Chapter 1: History of Haussmann’s Renovation of Paris The Haussmann’s Renovation of Paris has its own historical and political special. The France even whole Europe was deep in the crisis of unemployment and surplus capital. “There are three revolutions emerging in only fifty-six-year period of the time in French history” (Léopold Lambert, 2007). The social instability continued after Napoléon Bonaparte established the First French Empire. Things goes to the Second French Empire, Napoléon III as a dictator indented through solve surplus capital stablish his political state. He was named Georges-Eugène Haussmann to lead Paris alteration work in 1853. Haussmann known what Napoléon III want was increase employment opportunities in order to stable society. Different to Fourierists and Saint-Simonians’s utopian plans, Haussmann change entire scale of Paris streets and remodeling Paris fabric. A series of changes was brought entire city of Paris industry transformation. The city of Paris was rapidity became “The City of Light” ---- A tourist center for pleasure and consummation because it had taken on an entirely newlook. The booming tourist industry also stimulated the increasing number of luxury hotels, luxury shopping malls even cafes on the streets. The fashion industry and all kinds of luxury goods greatly stimulated people’s consummation, it also absorbs huge capital’s surpluses through extreme and frivolous consumerism.

But is the consumerism can be sustainable for society?

Indeed, it entailed a radical transformation in lifestyles and produced a whole new way of life. However, the vast demolish force underclass became destitute and homeless. The renovation produced huge impact to environment, “it was knocked down 27,000 buildings between 1852 and 1870; 117,553 families /350,000 people been displaced (20% of the population of Paris)” (Badertscher, 2014). The old city disappears also cut off the connection of people and history.

Haussmann sized his only power lead Paris public works “built 85 miles of new streets with an average width of eighty feet (three times as wide as the old streets); built 420 miles of sidewalks; increased street gaslights from 15,000 to more than 32,000; increased the number of trees along roads from 50,000 to 96,000;built a new Opera House; Created the Market of Les Halles; constructed and expanded parks； Planned neighborhoods and streets to complement the new train stations” (Badertscher, 2014) in only 17 years.

The Final Scene of Film Les Misérables

Chapter 2: History of Paris Revolution 1830 and Paris Commune The good time did not last long, capitalist’s desire became endless expansion. As consequence, the speculate finance system and credit structure of Haussmann made Paris was crashed in 1868. At that time, some utopian socialist tries to build a social republic polity to cope with crisis. The failure of Franco-Prussian War made French ethnic into unparalleled conjuncture. Parisian started a revolution establish French Third Republic after overthrow the Second French Empire. The bourgeoisie seized power. However, the temporary government signed unequal treaty with Germany and call army to disarming Paris National Guard. Paris people fought back, they occupied the city of strategic importance on the night, interim Prime Minister escape Paris and moved to Versailles. So far, Paris emerged a short time vacuum period of the power, followed shortly emerged the Paris Commune, one of the greatest revolutionary and utopian episodes along with capitalist urban history. The Paris Commune has significant effect to sustainable architecture theory because “the Commune was wrought in part out of a nostalgia for the urban world that Haussmann had destroyed (shades of the 1848 revolution) and the desire to take back their city on the part of those dispossessed by Haussmann’s works. But the Commune also articulated conflictual forward looking visions of alternative socialist (as opposed to monopoly capitalist) modernities that pitted ideals of centralized hierarchical control (the Jacobin current) against decentralized anarchist visions of popular organization (led by the Proudhonists), that led in 1872, in the midst of intense recriminations over who was at fault for the debacle of the Commune, to the radical and unfortunate break between the Marxists and the Anarchists that to this day still plague all forms of left opposition to capitalism.” (David Harvey, 2008),

Map of Paris Commune Movements and Barricades Creats , Data From Socks [Online]

Paris Riots 2005, Image from BareNakedIslam, (2011)

Episode 3: Centralization and Decentralization

Chapter 1: Centralized Contemporary situation

Paris Riots 2005

Paris Riots 2005

The architects and planners’ workflow is like a dictator; they play a god role use the weapon call “master plan”. The Haussmann Renovation is an extreme example, he sized his only power lead Paris public works “built 85 miles of new streets with an average width of eighty feet (three times as wide as the old streets); built 420 miles of sidewalks; increased street gaslights from 15,000 to more than 32,000; increased the number of trees along roads from 50,000 to 96,000;built a new Opera House; Created the Market of Les Halles; constructed and expanded parks； Planned neighborhoods and streets to complement the new train stations” (Badertscher, 2014) in only 17 years. His achievements were remarkable. However, people must know the sequel he left. In fact, the result of Haussmann Renovation of Paris was use entire society’s benefit in exchange for partial temporary prosperity. He was banished the underworld people who hard to control in the name of “urbanization”. What the prosperity can saw brought a series impact of environment; exacerbated urban-suburb gap and rich-poor divided. This sequel now extended to worldwide.

2005 Paris Riots is one of the best example. The riots direct trigger was two teenage boys’ electrocution in substation when they avoid catching by police. But the press pointed out, the root cause was the exacerbated urban-suburb gap. The Minister of the Interior Nicolas Sarkozy at that time denounced disadvantaged groups were “mobster” and they dishonor the image of whole country. The population of Clichy-sous-Bois were 28 thousands and the majority were African migrants. In the town as a representative of Paris suburbs Area unemployment rate is about 10 percent of people, twice the national average unemployment rate in France.

Minister for Equal Employment Opportunities in France Beige Bei accept the "liberation" interview, said, "Only through the elimination of discrimination, rather than deploying more riot police to restore order and equality."

The French government place the majority Arab and African immigrants in big cites’ suburbs. For these poverty-stricken neighborhoods, the French government in the last 20 years, the apparent lack of effective management, in particular in: Lack of government provided incentives of business to "the community with difficulties”; the government did not provide more funding for "the community with difficulties" police, and other public service sectors to schools; the government did not provide better employment counseling and job seekers counseling. In fact, they simply do not have the opportunity to integrate into mainstream society through social ladder. Over time, the French cities forming a strong drop with surrounding suburbs on the rich and the poor, security, employment. “Statistics show that the gap between rich and poor Paris suburb area of the city has now reached nearly 10 times, the average income of high-income families in the Paris region is 50,961 euros, the lowest-income families only 6,864 euros. The unemployment rate in France over the years in between 8% -10%, while the unemployment rate reached 25 percent immigrant suburbs” (Jun Zhang, 2005).

The Haussmann Renovation of Paris shows an example of contemporary urban design for all over the world. “In the developing world in particular, the city: ‘is splitting into different separated parts, with the apparent formation of many microstates.’ ” （David Harvey, 2008）The wealthy neighborhoods occupied with private school for elite education, the high class of communities provided best security, privilege groups own best medical resource and all kinds of activities were provided to pleasure the riches ; The underworlds were monitoring by private police all the time, no sanitation, poor school. “Each fragment appears to live and function autonomously, sticking firmly to what it has been able to grab in the daily fight for survival.” (David Harvey, 2008) Under these conditions, ideals of cities’ identity, citizenships and the sense of belonging, already been destroyed by this kinds of centralized design, become much harder to sustain.

A Iron Curtain between Paris and its suburb area was emerged from the Haussmann Renovation

Site Investigatation of Paris I was took one week to research and investigate Paris contemporary situation.

City of Paris has different atmosphere from the city of London. It was so centrilzed folling these feature: The fense can seen everywhere, it also blocked the vistor from gardenings. People can only sit and play around out of the views; the security, was the thing I most worried about, although the armay and police were everywhere; Homeless people begging in the Champs Elysees formed a huge contrast.

Episode 4: Urban Barricade and Self-Sustainable Theory

Concept Drawing of Decentralization Practice

Drawing of Aerial Ladder Trucks

The thesis project Urban Barricade was selected site as the French first avenue----the Avenue Champs-Élysées. Because this street has a Symbolism of centralization society and polities following these reasons: Napoleon Bonaparte was built the Arch of Triumph on the axis of the Champs-Élysées to celebrate victory of war with Austerlitz and Germany in 1806; In 1814, the anti-French coalition forces entered Paris, Prussian and British soldiers camped here; In 1942, Nazi troops in this show off their force to the peace forces of the world .Hussmann transform the street the Champs-Élysées into a transportation hub and shopping center; In 1944, the liberation military of Paris accept the cheers of the people in here. The Avenue Champs-Élysées has become a literary aristocracy and the emerging bourgeoisie entertainment paradise. Imaging people were occupied this street to claim their right to the city.

The Urban Barricade was a revolutionary social sustainable architecture parties, it was followed utopian idealism in public property ownership, only one man charged the one commune and he also controlled family life in his barricade, the basis enlightenment was working together and consume together.

The process can divided into three phases: In the first chapter, the underworld people no long to tolerant regional injustice, social injustice and environmental deterioration.

They want to use architecture as their weapon. They use big vehicle such as: cranes，aerial ladder trucks and container cars, brought premade construction materials in low embodied energy.

Drawing Of Container Cars

Fermentation Solar Panels

Accumulator

Assembling

Drawing of Programme Study

Drawing of Generation Process

When people fixed the food problems, they started with their wine industry. The programme was to against the design rule of industry building should far away from the city center, but the irony is that underworld people who lives in suburb area shall be its neighbors. The significance of here was to prove the housingďźŒagriculture and industry can be work together as a much sustainable way. Choose wine industry simply because it was the traditional industry of France. The viticulture will have placed near by the framing land. Leave the sidewalks along the ground level of barricades, it also can be meeting place for people. The wine industry following these steps: Picking, peeled, fermentation, wine tank culture.

Therefore, people built other floors of the barricades.

The first floor was provided electric power to run machinesďźŒthe power comes from the solar panels installed on the roof of the barricades. It was a factory combine wind production and research center. Except the solar panels, people leave big space for the drama, performance stage and social space.

Drawing of Masterplan

Drawing of Production Line

South Elevation

The adaptive roof canopy must be highlighted. The both cranes on the ground level or excising building roof level created many anchors to hold canopy. Then canopy only work on raining days, so it won’t block the solar panels.

Drawing of Canopy Wind Simulation

#02 REUSS LENS # Studio IUS Project: Reuss Lens Das Kraftwerk von 1996/98 6004 Luzern Switzerland 47.0500째 N, 8.3000째 E May, 2015

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The Figure of Proposal Museum Building Building Type: Museum The Gross Internal Area: 2,172 square meters The Number of Floors: 2 Floor to Floor Height: 4 meters Staffs Use Area: 50 Square Meters Dining and CafĂŠ Area: 289 Square Meters Expected Occupancy Density: 10 square meters per person Expected Operate Time: 9:00 to 17:00 (7 days per week)

Sketch & Research

Site + Programme Spatial Definitions

Climate Site Section

Reservoir

Water Path

Water Path

Water Discharge Plan

Water Annex Discharge Plan

Hydro power use potential:

This part is for building further development, the Reuss River will imported by air box, and the sub-ground water path will through all the building filanly creat overall interior landscape.

The hydro power use in the Reuss Lens is highly reasonable. Because there is native hydro power station just nearby. Reuss has different water level, the section drawing shows below represent the relationship between the museum building and Reuss River. The left water area can use to water storage. When the river lever rise, the middle water tunnel (control by the Air box) can led the water to hydropower station. Therefore, the building can regards as big switch of Reuss Hydropower Station.

# Lucerne, Switzerland 47.0500째 N, 8.3000째 E

Special Thanks to: Tutor: Aidan Hoggard Tutor: Bryan Davies

The Needle Dam

Local Workers Try to Set Needle Dam

Site Bird View

Python Scripting Mapping of Lucerne

Section of Reuss Hydropower Station

Introduction The Studio Interactive Urban Skin has chosen Switzerland as the second semester project site. The site selection was opened.

The reason why choose Lucerne as this scenario is below: the first one is a hydropower station just nearby; the Reuss River has the different level due to divided by several bridges, meanwhile, the needle dam which considered to be used in hydropower generation; Second factor is the original hydropower station block the people from the river and the needle dam is not easy to set.

Lucerne is a historical city, the landmark of Lucerne is the timer bridge. The birdge divided the Reuss River into pretty intertersting forms and it also inspired me to use the Reuss River as the design start point.

Overall Plan of Reuss Lens and Urban Texture Study

To construct the building based on existing dam structure, it is necessary to increase some areas on the ground, it will be hold by concrete column under the river. The public toilet will be demolished in the new planning. The original area of river in this part is forbidden shipping through here. In the new masterplan, it has kept on bringing visitors and some boats to active and restore this area.

Before

After

The River Morphologies The conceptual mass of the building which comes from the Reuss River was devided by bridge through folding.

The Reuss Lens is a multifunctional museum. It aims to replace the needle dam and make building itself become a part of the hydropower station. Meanwhile, it also provides a sightseeing platform for visitors.

The mass of the building can be divided into some small pieces in order to harmony with the historical town.

The Reuss Lens mainly contains two masses of building, the northern part is for cafĂŠ and dinning use. The southern part in the museum is the main part. The ideal of replacement for needle dam is to use air box , it will operate as a submarine to use air pressure for floating on the water. Also it contains manually mechanical valve which allows people to rise the air box block water through museum, therefore the whole building can be regarded as a switch for engaging water to hydropower the station.

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Ground Floor

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1. Museum Building Main Entrence 2. Museum Building Reception 3. Shops 4. Staff Zone 5. Toilet & Elevator 6. Exit to Viewing Platform 7. Interior Fountain 8. Atrium 9. Free Exhibition Space 10. Cinema 11. Annex Main Entrence 12. Annex Reception 13. Kitchen 14. Tolit & Elevator 15. Water Discharge Point 16. Exit 17. Exit 18. Viewing Platform 19. Water Discharge tunnel

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Gesch채ftshaus Hotel

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Michael's Cross Chapel

Reuss Lens

First Floor

1. Free Exhibition Space 2. Toilet & Elevator 3. Dinning Hall 4. Ramp to Roof 5. Cafe 6. Free Working Space

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Comparison of Local Buildings

Luzern Town Plaza

North-East Elevation

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Structure Explode of Reuss Lens

1. Roof Glass Rail With Metal Abacus 2. Aluminium Standing-Seam Roofing, 125Mm Thermal Insulation, Vapour Barrier 3. Profiled Sheet Metal 280mm Steel T-Beam; Acoustic Insulation Supended Ceiling: 1.8 Mm Perforated Metal 4. Glass-Fibre Fabric, Silicone Coated 5. Plastic Blinds Coloured White 6. Double Glass-Fibre Fabric, Silicone Coated,125Mm Thermal Insulation 7. Glass Door 8. Column Steel CHS 9. Concrete Ramp With Rail 10. Concrete Load Bearing Wall 11. Marble Floor 12. 200Mm Lime Wall 13. Aluminium Standing-Seam Roofing, 125Mm Thermal Insulation, Vapour Barrier 14. Water Fountain And Discharge Systerm 15. The Air Box 16. Conctete Extended Ground

Atrium Perspective

North-West Ramp Way Perspective

South-East Section

The construction of the building will base on the existing dam structure which was built in strong concrete . And need to add some ground area and some column to hold building. There are two floors in museum building, total area around 2162 square meters and the structure of concrete usage around 1800 cubic meters. They are mainly use in structure columns and load bearing walls (P7). The other wall will use some light weight and translucent material, because evaluated of the existing dam structure and low carbon emission. It also gain the sense of light weight for building.

Sketch for Understanding Interior Lighting

One of the innovations for Reuss Lens is external curtain system. To explain the curtain system, we need to understand the ideal about the double translucent system. The Reuss Lens is only one right angel building inside an irregular mass. Expect floors and toilets are built in concrete, other parts will use translucent glass-fabric with insulation layer. The transparency will be around 20%. Thus, in the clear sky, the double translucent layer will provide good interior illuminance to save the mechanical lighting and energy.

The Site Orientation Analysis

The Solar Radiation in One Year

The Solar Radiation of Building Roof in One Year

Potential solar power use : The angle of solar panel is the key performance of gaining solar power.

To analyses the orientation of the PV panel, we need to divide it into horizontal and vertical.

The Ecotect Weather Tool can be very helpful for this stage. The diagram below shows orientation of the building study, the weather data is download from energy.gov, US department of energy. Using the nearest city Geneva in Switzerland. The yellow line shows the best orientation of the building considers about daylighting and sun orientation etc. This also could be the best angle of PV panels in horizontal.

The Ideal of Double Translucent System

Word: Light

Lucerne is located towards the north of England, the latitude is around 47 of north. Therefore, the sun angle in general is 47 of north, then we can calculate the height of PV panel to ground level to get the best angle vertically.

It has used Autodesk Project Varsari to get a general feeling of solar radiation potential of the building roof and façade, deep into two low rate periods of time to understand how much solar power we can get. The total solar energy amount accounts for 933 BTU/ft^2 in the summer and minimum part also can get 149 BTU/ ft^2 in winter.

Calculation: PV efficiencies are assumed to be 5%, 10% and 15% for low, medium and high efficiency systems 1 BTU / square foot =0.00315459075 kilowatt hours / square meter Due to flatten roof, it expected as high efficiency systems.

Use Solar PV Panels in the Roof High Load Area: 190058.5 * 0.00315459075* 24 * 365 * 0.2≈1,050,226.78 kilowatt According CIBSE - CIBSE TM46 Energy Benchmarks the average electricity and gas consumption standard for Performing Arts venues, Museums & Galleries and Offices is 78 kWh per year per square meter for Electricity and 90 for Gas; 338 for Water(liters).

Expected Energy Consumption: 2172 square meter /10 square per person* 78 kWh * 24=406,598.4 kilowatt 406,598.4-1050226.78=-643,628.38 kilowatt Conclusion: The Solar PV panels are highly recommend to set up on the roof.

The yearly micro generation would be more than twice of energy consumption. Therefore set up PV panel will let Reuss Lens achieve negative energy emission.

The Solar Radiation of Building Façades in Spring Equinox, Summer Solstice, Autumn Equinox, and Winter Solstice

Interior Translucent Layer Rendering of Ground Floor

Interior Illuminance of Ground Floor

The interior Illuminance is a key performance for museum design. It is very important to control the view and interior lighting level. Because the museum must be a Shelter for keep exhibits from direct sunlight.

However, for sustainable architecture design principle, it needs to consider saving mechanical lighting.

Therefore balancing the illuminance level should be needed deliberation.

The dia grams give the sense of double translucent layers system and its illuminance simulation result. The simulation took the clear sky in order to detect the interior space whether too light or not.

From pervious solar studies, the sunlight are mainly from south. Referring image the translucent wall clear gives The Illuminance Level Referring Rendering Perspective much more illuminance, also a part of the Reuss Lens is used in translucent material to gain the atrium space daylighting . And there are some solid columns between glass-fabric walls. Also, currently no shading device in the building. So, the nearby external wall area is very light. The next step will add some shading device to block sunlight.

On the first floor, the situation becomes more serious, because over 50% areas are too light. Certainly it is not working for museums. So the shading device installation will be vital.

Interior Translucent Layer Rendering of First Floor

Interior Illuminance of First Floor

The Illuminance Level Referring Rendering Perspective

Word: Wind

Wind turbine use potential: The wind turbine is a potential method to generate power. However, it needs to consider three factors before setting up wind turbine on the roof of Reuss Lens.

In order to get best angle to test wind turbine use. It is beneficial to use Varsari simulate Lucerne Wind Rose and wind direction. According to the data form wind tunnel simulation, the wind mainly comes from south and the avenge wind speed in one year around 13.82M/S, it is near the ideally best wind speed 15 meters per second (33 mph).

The Wind Rose of Lucerne and Wind Tunnel Simulation

Rotor Size and Maximum Power Output Rotor Diameter (meters) Power Output (kW) 10 25 17 100 27 225 33 300 40 500 44 600 48 750 54 1000 64 1500 72 2000 80 2500

The wind turbines have variety size. The efficiency of different size are huge different.

To calculate the amount of power, a turbine can actually generate from the wind, needs to know the wind speed at the turbine site and the turbine power rating. Compared to same output solar PV panel, it far away expensive.

The second factor is noise, the wind turbine are placed no closer than 300 meter from the nearest house. In this scenario the museum building from the nearest house is 178 meter. It will be too noisy to use the wind turbine.

The final effect is flicker effect. The Reuss Lens is designed as a multiple use museum building, there is a dining area with glazing area on the first floor. The flicker effect is negative for health. The key factor to test flicker effectiveness is the shadow analysis. As common sense, winter has the longest shadow. Below diagram is overlapping different time of building shadow during the Winter Solstice.

The dining area is over shading in all day. So, setting up wind turbine will flick all people in the dining and surrounding area.

Conclusion: The Wind turbine is not suitable for this project because it will highly cost, besides serious noise will caused flicker inenffect.

Sources: Danish Wind Industry Association, American Wind Energy Association The Shadow Analysis of Museum Building with Wind Turbine

Wind Curtain Facade Experiment Result

Energy Performance

In order to understanding the energy usage on the performance of the purpose building, needs to set the energy analysis for primary design. The original modeling file was built in Rhino. Here are energy simulation report diagrams use Rhino’s plugin-in grasshopper and EnergyPlus from energy.gov, US department of energy. It also gives the potential of algorithm in energy simulation.

The conceptual model will not involve with mechanical lighting system, therefore the diagram of energy report will only for reference, all simulation are in period of a year and all the unit will in J. Total concrete cost around ÂŁ190,767.97772(Referring Grasshopper component result).

Overall Air Conditions in One Year

The Simulation Algorithm Screen Shot in Grasshopper

Overall Energy usage in One Year The Conceptual Model Screen Shot

Zone Heating and Cooling Load of Air in One Year

Material Setting Screen Shoots

The Site Radiation Analysis

#3 SOCIAL ALGORITHMS & URBAN AGENCY / AAVS SHANGHAI_2014

Tutor: Soomeen Hahm Students:Yang Jie,Shi Jing,Cheng DongXiao,Li XiaoXiang,Cong Zheng,Chen Jian,Zhu Lin,Zhang HuaiYu,Hong Xuan,Hong Yang,Luo Yeyang

Agent Based Design Introduction

Urban Morphology

Building Analysis height

Low-rise housing

Building classification

multistory residential housing High-rise housing

High-rise housing surround Low-rise housing

Low-rise housing High-rise housing multistory housing

Social Activity Analysis Stores/Restaurant/ Markets

Public facilities relate to the elderly Community center/ Schools/Medical care

Life facilities Radius of life facilities Radius of public facilities

New activity places

Medical center/second-floor squares /stores

New activity places Old life facilities Old public facilities

Radiation Tourism Analysis

Scenic spots

Scenic spots&parking places

New parking places

Parking New landscape

Site plan

attractor

repeller The network reduce the transportation pressure and the noise caused by it.

Traffic Mapping

Skyscraper Morphology

common parameters max Speed 0.76 pop Agent 300 age limit 3000

att force 0.1 rep force 0.1 att radius 200 rep radius 200

att force 0.07 rep force 0.2 att radius 200 rep radius 200

att force 0.2 rep force 0.3 att radius 200 rep radius 200

att force 0.5 rep force 0.1 att radius 100 rep radius 200

att force 0.4 rep force 0.3 att radius 200 rep radius 200

Housing Unit

Conceptual Rendering

Unit Topology

OTHER PROJECT/RESEARCH

#Interactive Urban Skin Site + Programme Spatial Definitions Academic

#Pavilion Design Sheffield Design Week Professional

#Cathedral Analogue Local Research Academic

#Portland Works List Building Reestablishment Professional

#"Business as Usual is not an Option" Urban Intensification Academic

#"Relate" AA DLAB 2015 Proposal Winner Workshop

#Adaptive Floating Pavilion Tinghua Parametric Workshop 2014 Workshop

#Design Museum - Mexico City Group Member: Xiaoxiang Li Igor Pantic (Zaha Hidid Architects) Soomeen Hahm (Zaha Hadid Architects)

Competition

EXTRA/FINE ARTS

Pencil Sketch (2008)

Sculpture/Embossment (2010)

Photography (2015)

Contact Xiaoxiang Li Department of Architecture University of Sheffield Email: archnightly@gmail.com Tel: +447895332416