University of Khartoum – Faculty of Architecture MSc Urban Design - UDC620: Urban Design Project Defending Urbanism Post-Pandemic Cities May. 2021
SUPERVISOR: Dr Mohamed Fageir BY : Khadiga Omer Abdalla Mohamed
Contents Defending Urbanism -Introduction. -Cities Under Covid-19 Conditions. -Post Pandemic Cites.
Density studies and master-planning -Analysis. -Urban Form. -Master Plan.
The Human Scale -Urban Block Design.
Defending Urbanism
Introduction
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khadiga Mohamed / Defending Urbanism / Post-Pandemic Cities .
Introduction The 21st Century has so far seen Sars, Mers, Ebola, bird flu, swine flu and now Covid-19. If we have indeed entered an era of pandemics, how might we design the cities of tomorrow so that the outdoors doesn’t become a no-go zone, but remains a safe and habitable space. Throughout history, pandemics have always shaped cities; many health issues have been reflected on architecture and urban planning. Today, the world faces a public health crisis of COVID-19 pandemic, perhaps the worst in more than a century, which resulted in the emergence of many challenges for cities to face this epidemic. The pandemic has turned the world outside our doorsteps into a newly formed wilderness. For most of us our worlds have shrunk to the size of our homes. The world is now facing unprecedented restrictions; many of the world's population were required to remain in their homes. As for the recommendations announced by WHO to the public; the quarantine, social distancing, and selfisolation have become one of the essential strategies to reduce the spread of this global epidemic. In the face of these health challenges, the design of our built environment has become a key element in combating the risk factors for chronic disease. Therefore, it is necessary to stress the importance to go to the designs of cities and the urban environment in a way that provides a healthy environment for individuals.
Pandemic Affects All Life Aspects.
Goals and Objectives -A comprehensive study of urban design for pre-pandemic cities such as (Open areas - streets - building design – community- healthy-) -Verifying the changes that occurred after the pandemic of cities and their impact on urban design -Reaching the principles of design and new inquiries for urban design and how to apply them in urban design design and how to apply them in urban design
DECREASE DENSITY Just !! Re-Thinking
how through technology, reviewing the requirements of city design and improving human behaviors can preserve ourselves as well as our cities.
Cities Are Not Bad For Us As We Think.
Defending Urbanism
Cities Under Covid-19 Conditions
During the Covid-19 lockdown, many environmental, economic and social changes occurred compared to the pre-COVID-19 period.
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Social Changes The Corona has greatly affected the social lifestyle, as everyone committed to staying at home and practicing all activities at home. The closure and social distancing have affected people psychologically, as some became depressed, and domestic violence crimes increased. New York city , which known as one of the most livability cities, has turned into a silent city without any life ,Which A was pre pandemic & B during the coved -19 .
Environmental Changes Many urban areas have seen significant reductions in air pollution, noise pollution, traffic congestion, and crime, while also seeing increases in other activities such as walking and cycling (especially for people who do not usually do these activities). Economic Changes The case for closure has had a major economic impact on various projects , many office ,cafes , restaurants & shops are closed which have big impact. Urban Design public places and street were more affected by the Corona pandemic, When epidemics especially respiratory ones emerge, precautionary measures emphasize the necessity of isolation, and closure of public spaces. C&D : Zero life, zero people in public spaces in Vienna, even the rest of the world. Which D was pre pandemic & C during the coved -19 .
A C D
B
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First life, then spaces, then buildings -The other way around never works.
focal ideas
The darkness on the previous page tells about the city’s situation with the advent of the pandemic, the spread of disease, and the disappearance of people from the streets and public places, then DARKNESS comes ,,, However thinking about people and their life, activates as well as density which they create the city ‘s livability , which that to make cities bright & shine again with new and flexible concepts.
Make it nice where you are ,and put the density on top
Defending Urbanism
Post Pandemic Cites
Pandemic affects all life details , bilging from out side public zones, streets , service’s building ( GYM , shops ,restaurant, offices , libraries ...) as well as homes. even has big affect on human behaviors , which create social distains , will see how dealing with pandemic throw design ideas . The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the value of public parks and demonstrated a need for increased investment to prepare for the future. Urban communities are striving to keep countries healthy, sustainable, inclusive and economically active during times that are hard for everyone. Towards creating a “better normal” of city life that will outlive the pandemic.
Street
C,D&E : The gradual shifting of parking spaces to external restaurant-related sessions. Have tended to improve residential streets and gradually transformed to public space .Using simple building materials associated with periodic sanitization devices.
Public spaces A & B: designing to provide private zone for every group or singles.
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C
D
A B
E
Human behaviors F&G : Wearing face mask when going outside home . Social distains at least one meter
F
G
Defending Urbanism
Post Pandemic Cites
GYM, Shops, Restaurant . A &B : After covid-19, people should go outside to make save distancing between each other to do their exercises perfectly and healthy at open spaces that enable them to get refresh Air. GYM activity , shopping all these activities convert to done out door accordion to pandemic impact. C&D : Dining in plastic bubbles have become common in front of restaurant's in New York City to make social distancing
Homes ( Stay Home , Stay Safe !!!!) E&F The home played a pivotal role in the recent global crisis. Forced to double as office, school, gym, restaurant even hospital, whether it felt safe or suffocating. it was the safer place to be for us. Home was house ,office, school and GYM ,was place E doing all our activities.
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F
A B
H
C
D
G G& H show home garden, balcony and terrace concept. Also, Using the ground floor and the Roofs. Which was useful to compensated the gap of outdoor public space .
Density studies and master-planning
Analysis
Site Accessibility F&G :The site is easily accessible, as it can be reached from the three cities of Bahri, Omdurman and Khartoum, as it is indicated in red, blue and green colors respectively. Also, F traffic typology of Nile street is very active .
Project Site A,B&C The project site is located along the Nile Street, Hai Al-Shatei, Khartoum. The total area is 83100m2 (8.31Ha). Surrounded by the Blue Nile from the north & Alrajhee buildings from east, by Nile Street from South and the National Club from west . D &E Show the site’s neighborhoods & land uses on , which very important to take decision on master plan design stage .
U M
k K .
THE SITE 8.31Hectare
F
KHARTOUM
A
B
Khartoum’s Map
C
Site’s location
R O M B A H R Y
Little
Medium Much
Accessibility plan
G Traffic on the streets
The site
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Site Topography 1
13
7
5
2
6 8 9 3 10
11 14
15
site River Dwelling Tower Services Area
3 10
H&I The site land is an irregular shape, Which is considered agricultural land with fertile clay soil, so construction precautions must be taken in the construction process and on the other hand, it is useful for creating farms and agricultural outlets in post pandemic city. The contour map of the site has a sloping terrain from the side of the street to the Nile side, where the southern part is higher than the northern part.
Green Area
12
Farms Commercial Area Entertainment Area
11
D
29% Green Area
E H 3
2
1
7 4
8
5
12
11
National Club
13
Section shows the levels in site
6
10
9
I
Air & Sun Movement 14
15
16
Density studies and master-planning
Urban Form
Concept
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The way of thinking was to create a post pandemic urban fabric, unique, distinct and different in all aspects as well as connected , integrated and harmonic with the surrounded urban fabric of the Khartoum city , in order to be a new vision for the city as a whole. The beginning was in how the site linked to the surrounding urban fabric, to achieve permeability , accessibility as well as legibility so expanding the existing streets to create strong connection. With more detail and analysis, other axises of different shapes and directions appeared to create nodes , points of intersection and then blocks of urban form , edges to get attraction urban fabric with high density ad vitality. Shown in sketch fig. 1,2,3,4,5.
Main Access
Active Point
CARE RODES
Access between active point
MEDESTRIAN RODES
1
4
Streets
Urban Blocks
2 5
Morphology
3
Khartoum Urban Fabric Surrounding The Site
Density studies and master-planning
Urban Form
Concept
Density Calculation
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Below shows the designed densities that was achieved for commercial administrative, services and residential sector per hectare . Commercial 10%
Administrative 8%
Services 15%
Residential 67%
The design achieved to ten urban block , with different dwellings capacity some are 41, others 55 . All dwellings per 8.3hectare were 556 dwelling which is 67% per Hectare .
Squarer and rectangular shapes was use to form the urban blocks shapes which taken from the surrounding urban fabric in order to be integrate with the city fabric.
Morphology
Density studies and master-planning
Master Plan
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D
Section A-A
View From Nile
E
A
Master Plan
A,B&C,D : show master plan and two main elevations , north elevation From Nile view and south elevation from street view and section A-A which they show the sky line of the site . E,F,G : 3D Views from Nile view , Main plaza & Main active point . B
F
Main Plaza
NORTH ELEVATION
C
G
Main Active Point
Density studies and master-planning
Master Plan
A
3 FLOOR 5 FLOOR
C
Mass Gradient From The Nile View
7 FLOOR
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D
Streets Nodes A,B,C,D&E : The intersections of the main streets extending from inside Khartoum with the inner streets at the site create nodes, which helped to create magnet points as they were different in use and architectural design, etc. helped determine the heights that range from high to low towards the Nile, land uses distributed as commercial on the southern Nile Street & recreational on the Nile zone , Multiple uses have been created by combining administrative, residential and commercial activities in one building. River Residential
B
Tower Offices
3D Land use From Street View
Commercial Entertainment
E
Magnet Point
Green Area
3D Land use From Nile View
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Density studies and master-planning
3D Views
Master Plan
Density studies and master-planning
Master Plan
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Plaza 3D Views
All render shots was taken to main active point ( main plaza ) , surrounded by car bath main road and other pedestrian which both of them connected to kurnash..
Density studies and master-planning
Master Plan
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Corniche ( Nile Side) 3D Views
All render shots was taken to Corniche ( Nile side ) which shown cafes, restaurant , out door GYM, roof garden and other relaxation & recreational services.
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Density studies and master-planning
Nile Street 3D Views All render shots was taken to Nile Street which shown offices shops and mixed use apartment , even appeared the main roads and pedestrian baths .
Master Plan
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Density studies and master-planning
Master Plan
Urban Block 3D Views All render shots was taken to one urban block show the integration between buildings &the private open space in the middle.
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
Urban Block 3D View
Since the block is the place that humans coexist with every day and deals with the details of the place, it was necessary to design in a way that would make his experience distinctive, enjoyable, healthy and safe in all respects.
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
Urban Block A,B,C : Selected block locate on the north-east part of site , surrounding by kurnash side from North ,pedestrian path from East , street block from south and main street from west. D,E : show the night and day light view from the Nile .
C Block Morphology
D
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A Master Plan / Selected Urban Block
B
E
Site Plan
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
CONCEPTS
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The ideas come out as effect of the pandemic , as well as the proposal speculate conditions of post pandemic city , therefore the ideas support the concept of openness and dealing broadly with the environment as a basic principle. It focused on creating private and public green spaces, and using large openings to integrate with the environment more as possible. Directing buildings in the direction of natural ventilation, which supports the health and safety of the environment. And also making multi entrances, open corridors and semi-open circulation zones. legibility and visual permeability in the design of the block to make Strong connection between cluster through the openings in building.
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design CONCEPTS
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design LAND USES
Flats
Mixed used & multi enterances concept was used in urban block design ,which divided to achieve diversity and five minutes walk approach. Also, Land use dividing throw building vertically & horizontally as ground and first floors were used for commercial, administrative and recreational uses and the upper floors for residential uses which depending on the block location. Block with in 5845m2, four building volumes with four floors the heightest building and 41 flats. Also, sub-basement parking for 32 car, divided into different usues depending on land use .
Residential uses
Floors 120 m2 150 m2 180 m2 200 m2
First
2
1
1
---
Second
11
2
1
1
Third
11
1
1
---
Administrative uses Recreational uses
Apartment Types Fourth Total
1
1
---
31
5
4
1
Apartment 120 m2
Apartment 180 m2
Apartment 150 m2
Apartment 200 m2
A
Plans
7
9
12
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
18 x 0.18 = 3.20 UP
UP
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2 1 11 10 9 8 7 5 4 3
15 18 19 20 21 13 12 14 13 16 10 9
12
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
18 x 0.18 = 3.20
18 x 0.18 = 3.20
UP
UP
21 x 0.20 = 4.20
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
12
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8
9
21 x 0.20 = 4.20 UP
21 x 0.20 = 4.20 UP 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
KURNASH SIDE
GYM
KURNASH SIDE
OFFICE 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 6 8 7 9 8 10 11
17.18 % 17.18 %
4.20 22 x 0.18 18 0.19 = 3.20 UP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
18 x 0.18 = 3.20 UP
18 x 0.18 = 3.20 UP
22 18 21 17 16 19 15 18 14 17 16 13 15 12 14 11 13 10
9
9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
42.49 % 12
9
15 16
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
B
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
18 x 0.18 = 3.20 UP
2 1
18 x 0.18 = 3.20 UP
20 21
CAFE
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9
9
13
OFFICE
10
21 x 0.20 = 4.20 UP
42.49 %
OFFICE
2.00 %
B
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
2 1
21 x 0.20 = 4.20 UP
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
5 4 3
9 18 x 0.20 0.18 = 4.20 3.20 21 UP
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
18 x 0.18 = 3.20 UP
20 21
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
9
15 16
11 10 9 8 7 6
RESTAURANT
21 x 0.20 = 4.20 UP
15 16
SUPER MARKET
OFFICE
13
21 x 0.20 = 4.20 UP
10
12
12
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
9
11 10 8 9 7 8 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1
OFFICE
21 3.20 0.18 = 4.20 18 x 0.20 UP
10 11 13 12 14 15 13 16 14 17 15 18 16 19 17 20 18 21
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
UP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
18 x 0.18 = 3.20
2 1
18 x 0.18 = 3.20
11 10 9 8 7 5 4 3
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
UP
UP
21 x 0.20 = 4.20
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 18 19 20 21 13 12 14 13 16 10 9
12
9
N
9
OFFICE
A
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Urban Block
Sub-Basement Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Typical Floor Plan
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
SECTIONS Sections show block land uses and type of activities that happened
The section passes over the site, from the east pedestrian path to main street , passing by green area of block public private zone , super market café explain the details of activities, Also below section 3D views showing the details of experience.
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SECTION A-A
Block Entrance beside Market
Block Green Area
Pedestrian Path
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
SECTIONS Sections show block land uses and type of activities that happened
The section passes over the site, from the Corniche in the north to the block street, passing by the cafe , dwellings and offices explain the details of activities, Also below section 3D views showing the details of experience.
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SECTION B-B
Corniche Car & Cycling Path.
Corniche Pedestrian Path.
Corniche Steps To River.
The Human Scale
Design
Urban Block
The Corniche
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The Corniche, which defines as public zone, as the accessibility to it belong to everyone, and this was the focus of the main concept.
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
The Block Green Area
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The block green area, which defines as public private zone, just used & controlled from block residence .
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
The Block Green Area
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The block green area, which defines as public private zone, just used & controlled from block residence .
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
The Block Entrances
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A
A A&B : Western Entrance , from the main road , Eastern Entrance from pedestrian road. Which one of pandemic impact on design multi entrance building this fig. show that building has tow foyer one on street and other on side block green area.
B
B
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
The Block Entrances
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khadiga Mohamed / Defending Urbanism / Post-Pandemic Cities .
A
A A&B : Southern Entrance , from the block street, Northern Entrance from Corniche street. Which one of pandemic impact on design multi entrance building this fig. show that building has tow foyer one on street and other on side block green area.
B
B
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
The Block Volumes
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Corniche Street Building All figures here show the buildings on the Corniche street , which they are recreational function , cafes restaurant , GYM, beauty center library.
The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
The Block Volumes
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Pedestrian Path Building All figures here show the buildings on the pedestrian Path, which they are recreational, residential function , cafes library.
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
Street Block Building All figures here show the buildings on the block street , which they are residential and administrative function.
The Block Volumes
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
Main Street Block Building All figures here show the buildings on the main street , which they are residential and administrative and commercial function .
The Block Volumes
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Views
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Views
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Views
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Views
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Views
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Views
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Model
Conceptual Model
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
3D Model
Final Model
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The Human Scale
Urban Block Design
Final Model 3D Model
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