Natural Amplifier

LAND 2413 Landscape Studio 10 Assessment 3: raduating Project Yue Pei Z5173509

Natural Amplifier

Scope:

Question: Is nature in the city natural?

Through this design, I hope to arouse people's attention to this topic, and I hope to cause people to think about it.

Explain： In the modern era of increasing urbanization, urban dwellers are losing their connection to nature. The urban layout also exhibits more specific areas and fragmentation of natural spaces. It has also severed the relationship between humans and nature, cutting off people's perceptions and concerns about nature and weakening their environmental awareness (Thomas 2014).

Humans are losing their connection to nature, and one of the major reasons for this is the disconnection from natural spaces due to urbanization. The inevitable dominance of urban life may be exacerbating the loss of intimacy between modern humans and nature (Barlett 2008, as cited in Kim 2013). The gap between humans and the natural world is widening. Human urbanization separates humans from nature not only spatially, but also in terms of human perception (Miller 2005). Yet the paradox is that the spatial structure of the modern city layout cannot be changed on a large scale. The city needs to maintain its proper functioning, and people need well-regulated housing and efficient transportation networks.

In terms of spatial structure, there is a clear separation between people and nature in the city (Miller 2005). For citizens in developed countries, contact with nature occurs primarily in the managed environment of urban parks and botanical gardens (Clayton & Myers 2015, p. 43). This layout separates "areas of human activity" from "natural areas" as two concepts. Cities cut off the relationship between people and nature. Almost all natural spaces in the city are man-made. Humans have lost the opportunity to understand nature and the ability to read it. Thus the link with the land and nature is lost. In fact, much of the angst, anxiety, and moral uncertainty of modern urban society can be traced to our loss of a strong ongoing connection to the places that help define us (Reginald 2005).

context

M

M M

M

Optional Station M

Proposed Sydney West Metro Station Proposed Sydney West Metro

M

M

CBD

Accessibility- Proposed Sydney West Metro The proposed Sydney West Metro - new underground railway will connect Greater Parramatta and the Sydney CBD, pass through and improve accessibility of The Bay precinct. The line is set to open in 2030, Integrated with the rest of Sydney’s public transport system. Reducing car dependency in inner cities.

Reference: https://www.sydneymetro.info/west/project-overview

Accessibility- Existing Tram lines and stops

BALMAIN THE ROCK

GLEBE ISLAND

ROZELLE PYRMONT LILYIELD SYDNEY LEICHHARDT

Existing Inner West Tram Stop

GLEBE FOREST LODGE

Existing Inner West Tram Line

ULTIMO

CBD Bus Stop Bus Line

Reference: https://www.sydney.com.au/

Site Access/ Rodes

Site Boundary Path Existing Bus route Existing Inner West Tram Stop Cruise Ship routes Ferry route Bike lane & Low traffic street

Proposed Tram Station

Bus Stop Wharves

Climate Analysis

Reference： https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/white-bay-park_australia_8663235

Illumination analysis

Reference：https://www-gaisma-com.translate.goog/en/location/sydney-au.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc

Wind analysis

As shown in the figure, the frequency of northeasterly and southeasterly winds is higher in White Bay year-round, followed by westerly winds.

Reference：https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/white-bay-park_australia_8663235

How Moder n City Dwellers Understand Urban Spatial Structure

Learning the Australian Aboriginal way of "reading nature 1. Positively explain nature

Question: How is nature divided by urban functions?

+ All "natural" areas in the city are artificially arranged. + All green areas in the city have a functional label +They are not truly natural

2. The ability to read nature, these are similar to building a cognitive map of their own 3. Treat nature as a whole 4. Connecting nature and culture 5. Nature and life are closely linked 6. Responsibility for nature

+ Natural spaces in cities are divided by human areas + Natural space has a supporting role in urban planning +The city is divided by functional areas +Positioning references are buildings +Classificationby the function of different buildings or areas

These two perceptions of nature are very different. We cannot change the structure of the city, but how do we change our perception of nature within the city

What does Glebe Island tell us about answering this question?

“Nature in the City" in Glebe Island Historically, this area was last filled with people who "saw its natural beauty" during the Aboriginal period.

Site History

With the recent reclamation, the area became sunburned, barren, and desolate for human services. It became lifeless and meaningless.

People no longer feel the sky with their hearts.

Before colonisation in 1788, the Bays Precinct area would have comprised of mudflats and mangrove communities and Hawkesbury sandstone escarpments and woodlands

A comparison of the coastline in 1788 shows significant changes over time due to massive urbanization. As the industry gained popularity in the early 19th century, the coastline was reclaimed to create flat work surfaces to house workers. By 1890, the area was experiencing strong industrial growth to meet the needs of local industry.

Insights from the change in Glebe Island： People love nature & get involved in nature————Ignore Nature & Use Nature————Future ？

reference： Rozelle Interchange 2021,Contextual Analysis and Urban Design Objectives.Urban Design and Landscape Plan Birch R, 2007, ‘A short geological and environmental history of the Sydney estuary, Australia’, accessed 8 March 2021

“Nature in the City" in Glebe Island What natural elements are present in the existing site?

Will people notice them?

How will people interpret them?

3 1

Site Analysis

2

There is no obvious road plan on the surface, and no obvious buildings.

The view is drawn towards distant landscapes, such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge. + People are mostly concerned with their own affairs in the park, such as picnics and socializing, plus the natural space itself as a backdrop can be difficult to draw attention to, so it can simply be ignored.

This is very obvious in Glebe Island.

2

The overall contour and planning of the area shows very strong traces of artificial planning in order to accommodate the building and road planning. These features exacerbate the disconnection between areas of human activity and natural areas.

The floor is poured cement, very hard and flat.

The boundary lines are regular and have a strong artificial atmosphere 1

3

H o w e v e r, i f t h e r o u t e i s designed within the island, people will look for a new orientation point.

If the routes and markers are designed within the site, then people will use these as a reference.

This gives us an opportunity to direct people's attention to natural elements

Opportunity Which elements are most intense?

What elements can be attempted to be introduced to enhance the experience of nature in the senses?

The design considers two main points.

1. the site as inspiration, maintaining the historical character of the site 2. Amplify the natural elements within the site

Sun Exposure

Lack of natural elements

Open view and more visual exposure to open nature (sea view) Closer to the water How to bring the ocean into the venue + Try amplifying the sound of the ocean +Visually focus on the seascape water play ？

+Need to add a natural element +Solve the problem of sun exposure

+The very noisy of the road and bridge. +Allows for the creation of separate spaces

It brings out the characteristics of the existing site. The "artificiality" and "unnaturalness" of the site itself is a manifestation of the fragmentation of human activity from natural areas in the city. The characteristics of the site provide inspiration

Design Concept & Timeline From the above analysis, I was inspired by the history and current situation of Glebe Island, where the areas of human activity are separated from the natural areas. The people who designed Glebe Island never gave any consideration to the natural elements of the island.

There are many natural elements within the site, sky, ocean, wind, temperature, and light. However, due to the existing environment of the site, it is difficult to draw attention to these natural elements. (The design of the natural areas within the city is functional) The relationship between people and the site is changing over time. Whether or not people can see nature in the site, and whether or not they can integrate it, depends on how people define the site and how they interact with it.

So the design will revolve around the theme and timeline of "the changing relationship between people and Glebe Island".

Cognitive.

Pre-Colonial (Indigenous Period) ---- Colonial & Now ---- From Now On Looking at nature within Glebe Island ---- Using Glebe Island as a site for human - -Glebe Island as a site for reflecting on ‘nature in the city’ People Love Nature & Integrate Nature ---- Ignoring Nature & Using Nature ---- Rethinking Nature in the City Nature ---Observing & Integrating Nature in the City The design is also concerned with the construction of the ecosystem within Glebe Island and the future climate change of the city Focus on the overlooked natural elements of the site. Try to direct attention to the natural elements within Glebe Island Based on the existing features within Glebe Island, we inspire people to discover and feel the "relationship between people and Glebe Island" in history.

This relationship is then experienced as it changes over time.

Sydney green grid

Ocean Changes

Concern for endangered birds. Petroica phoenicea

Concept Theory Reference Cognitive maps A cognitive map is any visual representation of a person's (or a group's) mental model for a given process or concept. It is a repository of individual and group information, including information about places, characteristics, and relationships

Main elements of cognitive maps： Main elements of people's spatial orientation to the city.

1. path 2. edge boundaries - functional area boundaries, neighborhood boundaries 3. domain area - functional area 4. node - an important node 5. landmark - an obvious architectural marker People recall an area with the following general characteristics.

1. recall streets 2. recall landmarks and other buildings 3. recall of visual cues such as scenery 4. logical recall of functional zones

Reference： https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cognitive-map

Learn the meaning of cognitive maps: it is the way people perceive and define the space around them. To understand how people perceive natural space and human and natural space in the city, you need to understand this concept first

Cognitive map example

Indigenous cognitive maps

Sensory Study + If the road people walk on is placed directly in the middle of the woods, people's attention will stay more on the road.

+ But if the areas of human activity are separated

from the natural areas and only some windows are opened between them as connections, then the situation becomes different

people will focus more on the T + Then

window, when they see the leaves in detail, rather than a cursory look past them. This is similar to giving the lens a focal length

Link

+Regular paths tend to make people feel lost, but they are also easier to immerse +The area for human activities seems regular and monotonous, only preserving the basic functions, and the light is relatively dark

+When the chaotic view is replaced by a calm wall, people will be more sensitive to use their senses to feel

Example： Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

C Small woods

Master Plan ：

Trestle woodland Small square

Concert Hall Roads

B Tunnel Steps

Green Belt Double layer garden

A

Circulation

b

c Stone Forest Tidal Caves

a Isolation zone 0

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200 Parking lot

Sections Green Belt

Double layer garden

Stone Forest

Tidal Caves

Section A-a

Concert Hall

Trestle woodland

Tidal Caves

Section B-b 0 10 20 SCALE BAR ： 1:500

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100

Section Small square

Tunnel Steps

Trestle woodland

Concert Hall

Double layer garden

Section C-c 0 50 100 SCALE BAR ： 1:1000

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Part 1: Design for nature This site ecosystem construction Changing the analysis process that has been oriented to human needs, this design will prime the analysis of what is possible for the animals that live in the city.

Wetland Complex

Alpine Herbfields

Urban Native & Exotic Cover

Can bring more habitat for the surrounding animals Opportunity: + The Bay's natural environment and man-made architecture provide opportunities for many species to reproduce. + There are many kinds of wild animals near the city of Sydney + Common animals have adapted to the changing urban environment. + Plants will attract birds, amphibians, invertebrates, reptiles and mammals.

Threaten:

Green Grid Opportunity

It can be the point that connects these Green areas Be a point in the green network

Around the site —Animal List: Australian brush turkey

Litoria aurea

Yellow dragonfly

Christmas Beetle

Bowerbirds

Litoria raniformis

Freshwater turtles

Wolf Spider

Shearwaters

Litoria castanea

Flying-Foxes

Arboreal marsupials

Woodland birds

Purple copper butterfly

Cumberland Plain Land Snail

Opossum

Design for a Animal Preferences.

1. Prefer open spaces or areas with open substrates.

2. Birds forage from low perches from which they feed or pounce on small invertebrates, which they take from the ground or from tree trunks, logs and other rough woody debris.

3. Flying insects are often taken into the air, sometimes collecting invertebrates from the leaves and bark of trees.

4. In their fall and winter habitats, birds often fly from fence posts or conspicuous perches in thistles and other open habitats.

5. occur singly, in pairs, or in flocks of up to 40 or more; during the non-breeding season, they are kept in mixed groups with other insectivorous birds.

6. breed from spring to late summer.

7. nests are usually built close to the ground in sheltered areas, such as trees, stumps, or shallow holes in river banks.

8. Construct an open cup nest with plant material and cobwebs.

vulnerable species listing

The flame robin ( Petroica phoenicea ) The flame robin ( Petroica phoenicea ) is a small passerine bird native to Australia . As a woodland bird native to Sydney, it haunts the woodlands around Glebe Island. This section will be designed with it as the main reference.

Threats faced.

Removal and degradation of breeding and overwintering habitat.

Reduction in structural complexity of habitat, including reduction in canopy cover, shrub cover, ground cover, logs, fallen branches, and leaf litter.

Reduction of native ground cover to plant exotic grasses.

The design hopes to provide a better habitat for the flame robin and to call attention to the survival of this bird.

It acts as a territorial bird, and the Flaming Mockingbird uses song and feather displays to mark and defend its territory.

Listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the species has declined significantly in the last 25 years.

Reference： https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/woodland-birds https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=20129 https://datazone-birdlife-org.translate.goog/species/factsheet/flame-robin-petroica-phoenicea/details?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,op,sc

Survival conditions

Diet It feeds mainly on insects and flying insects (flies, (grasshoppers and salamanders), butterflies, wasps, ants, moths, caterpillars, spiders, earthworms, millipedes, bedbugs and beetles), nectar from eucalyptus and mistletoe species and, to a lesser extent, native and cultivated fruits.

Breeding + The breeding season is from August to January, with one or two broods reared. Males propose suitable nest sites to females by hopping around the area. A couple spends one to five days searching for a suitable site. The female builds the nest alone. + The nest is a neat, deep cup made of soft hay, moss and bark. Spider webs, feathers and fur are used for binding/stuffing, usually in forks or crevices of trees, or in cliff or riverbank ledges, usually within a few meters of the ground. Most commonly Eucalyptus pauciflora is found about 4 m above the ground, the latter more commonly on forks or branches of E. pauciflora about 7 m above the ground.

Reference： https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/woodland-birds https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=20129 https://datazone-birdlife-org.translate.goog/species/factsheet/flame-robin-petroica-phoenicea/details?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,op,sc

Plant Design Trees： Eucalyptus pauciflora， mountain ash ( E. regnans)，alpine ash (E. delegatensis)，manna gum (E. viminalis), messmate stringybark (E. obliqua)，black gum (E. aggregata), white mountain gum (E. dalrympleana)， brown barrel (E. fastigata), narrow-leaved peppermint (E. radiata), and black peppermint (E. amygdalina)， Blakely's red gum (E. blakelyi)，yellow box (E. melliodora)， grey box (E. microcarpa)，，mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon)， Banksia integrifolia （Coast Banksia）， Eucalyptus piperita （Sydney Peppermint），Angophora costata（Sydney Red Gum），Pittosporum undulatum（Sweet Pittsoporum ） ， Allocasuarina littoralis （Black She-Oak ）

Provides roosting for birds with nectar and fruit

Shrubs Acacia longifolia （Sydney Golden Wattle ），Breynia oblongifolia （Coffee Bush）， Dodonaea triquetra（Hop Bush ），Elaeocarpus reticulatus （Blueberry Ash ）， Myrsine variabilis （Mutton Wood ）， Notelaea longifolia（Mock Olive ）， Polyscias sambucifolia （Elderberry Panax ） Ground Covers Dianella caerulea（Blue Flax Lily ）， Entolasia stricta （Rightangle Grass ），Imperata cylindrica var. major （Blady Grass ）， Lepidosperma laterale （Variable Sword-sedge ）， Lomandra longifolia（ Spiny Headed Mat Rush ）， Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides （Weeping Grass ），Poa affinis（Native Tussock Grass ），Pratia purpurascens （White Root ）， Pteridium esculentum（Bracken ），Themeda australis（Kangaroo Grass ） Vines and Climbers Billardiera scandens（Apple Dumplings ），Glycine clandestina （Love Creeper ），Pandorea pandorana（Wonga Wonga Vine ）， Smilax glyciphylla （Native Sarsaparilla ）

Provide habitat for insects Insects can again become food for birds

Part I: Double layer garden

woodland Upper Area section Trestle woodland section

Trestle woodland3D

0 50 100 SCALE BAR ： 1:1000

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Upper AreaSection

Water filtration & drainage system

Rocks Coarse Sand Charcoal Fine Sand

Limitations on tree height due to soil depth

1-10years

10-50years

50years +

Trestle woodland Section

9m 1m

Waterproof layer Drainage layer

Soil

Trestle

Drainage pipes

Trestle woodland 3D

One can hear the songs of flame robin and other birds

Timeline

Biodiversity

rs

rs

yea

yea

50 10

Number of birds

10y e 50y ars ear s

Vegetation denseness

10years 0

100

50years

ears y 0 5 ears 10y

Number of insects

The biodiversity of the site is increasing over time. The ecological chain centered on Petroica phoenicea is constantly improving.

Stage Plan

Year 1 (2021)

Year 10 (2031)

Year 50 (2071)

Year 100 (3021)

Part 2: Designed for people： The whole area will be divided into several main sections based on ecological construction

+ People will be able to distinguish their area by observing the plant formations according to the view "outside the window" + Each area will have a center of close contact with nature, where people can feel the humidity and temperature of the soil + I hope that the combination of a patio looking up at nature and music will provide a more unique experience for people.

Reasons for designing as upper and lower levels. + The site is concrete and must be filled and modified + This allows the human activity area and the natural area not to interfere with each other. + The ecology can be undisturbed and people can see & feel the "natural landscape" in a different way

Lower area detail plan

Lounge & Seating Low wooden bridge Small rest area

Canoe Bridge (recreational facilities) Reflective ground

SCALE 1:500

Separating areas of human activity from natural areas

Sections Corridor details

Contrast When people feel like they are in a concrete box, the People will throw more attention and yearning to the nature in the crevices When all you see are trees, you focus on the house When all you see is concrete, you look for that different color, the plants It is easier to sink your mind into nature

Section

Where people should be introduced and what perspective people should have

Timeline With the growth of the biosphere

10years

50years

100years

As children grow up - people gradually create new cognitive maps TimeLine has many possibilities Could it be that people learn to observe the leaves of eucalyptus trees?

Maybe it's when children learn to recognize the seasons by the smell of flowers?

Maybe it's the day people notice nature again?

3D

Designing a journey: "discovering as you go"

Part II: Tidal Caves

The ocean is one of the very important natural elements of Glebe Island.

The design objectives of this section are mainly to 1. amplify the marine elements in the site 2. allow people to interact with the ocean more visually and feel the changes in the ocean over time Logic diagram:

Example Section

Based on Glebe Island's natural elements as a starting point

Tidal Changes

Sea level rise

+ Seawater acidification

Path Way Entrance Create a new cognitive map

0 50 100 SCALE BAR ： 1:1000

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Mimicking the erosion of the landscape, a stepped space is created to introduce people to the sea.

If people see the ocean directly, the ocean will be connected to the rest of the complex landscape. It would then become a backdrop and people would probably ignore it.

By amplifying the sensory experience, people will not see the ocean directly, but will be in direct contact with the waves, making the water the center of attention in the space. Thus, more senses are mobilized to feel the sea water, to feel the water passing through the crevices and to interact with it.

Tide and sea level change Analysis

Low and high tide intervals.

0.4-1.8m

The time of day when high tides can be seen The time of day when low tides can be seen

Sea levels are projected to rise at a faster rate during the 21st century than during the 20th century: By 2100, it is projected that the oceans will rise by a global average of 28 to 61 centimetres relative to the average level over 1986–2005 if greenhouse gas emissions are low, and by 52 to 98 centimetres if emissions are high

Reference：1. Tide : https://www.tideschart.com/Ireland/Munster/County-Cork/White-Bay/ 2.Sea Level: https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/6-how-are-sea-levels-changing

1

https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/6-how-are-sea-levels-changing

Seawater acidification can have a great impact on the marine environment.

I want to show people the change of seawater acidity more visually through design I found that increasing acidity of seawater accelerates the rate of limestone erosion

Section Details on the steps

Artificial limestone

TimeLine

Stage Plan With the passage of time, the sea level is gradually rising. In the coming century, there is a possibility that the sea may rise by about 0.5-1 meter.

There will be small algae organisms attached to the rocks

High tide Average

Now

Low tide Now

High tide Average Low tide

10years

50years

High tide Average Low tide 50years 100years

During this 100-year period, the limestone erodes as the sea washes away and the acidity of the water increases. This allows for a more visual representation of the changes in the ocean

100years

3D The waves of the sea are reflected on the wall

Emotional ocean experience area

The echo of the waves will be amplified here

Different weather

Rainy and foggy days

Night View

Part III: Stone Forest This part is a rocky forest in which people can wander through at will.

The regular shaped square stone steps, cut from Hawkesbury sandstone, which is also the original rock type of Glebe Island

Entrance

Hawkesbury sandstone

Entrance

However, the part of the "stone forest" that looks like natural rock is made of cement.

Cement

Entrance Entrance

This "ironic" design is an expression of the destruction of the natural environment of the site by the demands of development in the history of Glebe Island.

People are used to concrete pavement on top of the natural ground. The reversal of this part of the design visually expresses the "neglected nature in the city".

3D

Modle

Part IV: Small Square

Trees in the city are often referred to as "shade trees" by default.

In this section of the design, the importance of trees in the city is emphasized through two different types of woods.

Fake trees that bring shade

Rest area

3D