Inclusive, Functional & Safe

LAND 2413- Landscape Studio 10 Project 3 REgenerate JINGGUO DAVID JIANG z5125785

Inclusive Functional & Safe

What if the rapid growth of urban population caused the public space reduction, to build a collective and inclusive public space with different functions to serve different people, and artificial lights at night to improve the safety and aesthetics of the whole design?

Australia and Sydney Population Growth and Urban Population Precentage Australia Population Growth

Sydney Population Growth

4.99

5

5.43

5.24

5.12

5.63

4 3 2 1 0

2021

2025

2023

2028

2031

Australia Urban Population Growth

35.9 32.6

35

Estimated population in millions

Estimated population in millions

6

40

30

29.2 25.7

25 20 15 10 5 0

2020

2030

2040

2050

86.4 86.2 86 85.8 85.6 85.4 85.2 85

%

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

From 2010 to 2020, the urban population rate has increased steadily every year. Sydney’s total population is predicted to increase by nearly 640000 from 2021 to 2031. According to the urban population growth rate in the previous decade, Sydney will increase by nearly 580000 in the next decade. This is bound to cause more serious tension in urban public space.

The Bay Precinct- Balmain Australia | NSW | 2006 Population Census

Balmain People Median age

Families Average children per family Children Children (%)

80,772 36

19,455 1.6 31,182 38%

According with...

Sustainable Development Goals Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities:

SDGs

provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces

Goal 15: Life on land: end deforestation and restore

degraded forests, bring wildlife back

COP26

The Existing Site Condition Analysis

The landform of this area is relative flat

The existing site without specific planting species

The existing one way circulation can lead people to the site selection

only large green space

Abiding Events Chart 2021-2050 Phase 3 Phase 2

Phase 1

White Bay existing site condition White Bay existing soil contamination Analysis Balmain surburb population census Phytoremediation program (2022-2030) Vermiremediation program (2029-ongoing) Inclusive Public Space 2030 program Inclusive Public SpaceArtificial Lighting at Night Time 2030 program Inclusive Public Space 2050 program Inclusive Public SpaceArtificial Lighting at Night Time 2050 program

2021

2022

2030

2050

ongoing

Soil Contamination and Phytoremediation

The Existing Soil Condition

608 609/601

605/ 601

602/601

610

604/601

601

610 602/601 610

606/ 601

Source based on: Bays-Precinct-SiteWide-Remedial-Concept-Plan

https://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/assets/Reference-Group/Bays-Precinct-SiteWide-Remedial-Concept-Plan-WEB.pdf

Phytoremediation Program The ability of phytoremediation is limited. After a long process of remediation, the contaminated soil is in a stable state

2022.10

2025 2022.1

2023.7

2023.7

2024

2027

2030.1

2024

2027

2030.1

phytoremediation sections Stage 1-2022.1

Stage 2-2022.7

Stage 3-2024/2027

Poa labillardieri 50-120cm

Juncus usitatus 50-120cm

Helianthus annuus up to 2m

Eschscholzia californica 30cm

Thlaspi brachypetalum 15cm

Thiaspi caerulescens 15cm

Digitalis purpurea 6-150cm

Trifolium repens ground cover polychlorinated biphenyls

Cucurbita pepo vine ground cover

Stage 4-2030.1 After a period of phytoremediation, earthworms were introduced to help the phytoremediation process

Vermiremediation Program Vermiremediation presents a good long-term biological option to clean up mildly contaminated soil.

Epigeic: L. rubellus Epigeic earthworms live on the surface of the soil in leaf litter. These species tend not to make burrows but live in and feed on the leaf litter

Endogeic: A. caliginosa Endogeic earthworms live in and feed on the soil. They make horizontal burrows through the soil to move around and to feed and they will reuse these burrows to a certain extent.

Anecic: A. longa Anecic earthworms make permanent vertical burrows in soil. They feed on leaves on the soil surface that they drag into their burrows. They also cast on the surface, and these casts can quite often be seen in grasslands.

Source based on: https://www.earthwormsoc.org.uk/earthworm-ecology

Spread the seeds through bird 3. In Beaks or Claws

1. On Their Bodies

2. Dispersal Through Droppings

The existing common bird species in Bay Precinct The existing large green space with variety of vegetation species

Southern Boobook

Tawny Frogmouth

Australian Magpie

Australian Raven

Musk Lorikeet

Sulphur-crested Cockatoo

Pied Currawong

Yellow-faced Honeyeater

Inclusive Public Open Space 2030& 2050

Access The circulation of the site aims to have no-ending road with various cross-point that lead people to go anywhere they want.

Open Space The inclusive public space contains varieties of area with different functions, to satisfied all age groups needs

Ecological The inclusive public space should focus on ecology. The green space contains plant species, natural beings and the welcome environment.

Living Quality The inclusive public space also support residential area for people.

Convenience The inclusive public space includes commercial areas, inside contains a retail store, grocery, supermarket, bar, cafe and restaurant, which easy people who live or work here and increse the local commericial level

Master Plan 2030

B A

C

5 3

1 9 6 2

4

A’

1

B’

7

Waterfront Square

2 Front Plaza

8

Coastal Walk Track

3 Car Parking Area

9

Wharf

Open Commercial Area

9

7

6 8

C’

9

4 Basketball Field 5 Residential Building 6 Open Space with Landscape Design

Scale: 1:1000

Section View 2030 A-A’

car parking

car road

car parking roundabout basketball field

coastal walk track

pedestrians track

bike lane

pedestrians track green buffer

A

A’

Scale: 1:4000

Section View 2030 B-B’

open commercial area

car road

pedestrians track

front plaza

pedestrians track

coastal walk track

bike lane open cafe

B

B’

Scale: 1:4000

Section View 2030 C-C’

residential area

car road

pedestrians track

bike lane

C

pedestrians track

coastal walk track

open space with landscape design

C’

Scale: 1:4000

Let’s Have a Consideration of...

What will change of 20 years?

Public open space shrink

Urban population raise

Tail gas pollution

Transportation mode transfer Explore vertical space

Explore more verticial space potentially to alleviate the shortage of public space resources

Due to the population growth and era changed, the basic function of open space cannot satisfied citizens, time to explore and expand various function of open space

With the opening of more functional areas, some messy green plants are also reduced. This is not to reduce the green space, but to leave more designed landscape design in gaps of this site

Expending the existing car road as the share road, since the transportation mode has been transfered.

The share road aims for more space for bike rider, to encourage this eco-friendly transportation way.

children playground Target Group: children, parents, familes

Due to the increasingly strained public land resources, in 2050 plan for this area should explore more open space to increase the capacity level

Roof garden Target Group: people who live inside

sculpture by sea plaza

pedestrians track Target Group: all age groups

Platform (above the ground) Target Group: All age groups who visit this place

share bike station and art plaza Target Group: all age groups

Share bike station and art plaza water front plaza and wharf Target Group: all age groups

commercial area and open space Target Group: all age groups, inside contains cafe, retail store, restaurant, grocery... outdoor exercise space Target Group: except for children, people who look for work-out.

In 2050, this place aims lessen the car flow. The transportation mode transfer to bike. The old car park change to share bike station. Due to the size of bike, the rest of space aims to explore more aesthetic function in this area to enrich the inclusive public space.

Master Plan 2050

B A

C

7

1

11

2

4 6

10

3

9

5

5

A’

1

Open Commercial Area

8

12

7

C’

B’

Office Building Roof Garden

13 Share Bike Station 13

13

2 Left Side Plaza

8

Waterfront Plaza

3 Front Plaza

9

Basketball Field

4 Fountain Plaza

10

Outdoor Exercise Filed

5 Sculpture Squre

11

Platform

6 Children Playground

12

Coastal Walk Track

14 Art Plaza 14

The layer under the Platform*

Scale: 1:1000

Section View 2050 A-A’

share road (car and bike use the same line)

A

pedestrians track

Share bike station

retail stall

platform

light-box structure

Aart plaza

pedestrians track

coastal walk track

outdoor exercise field

A’

Scale: 1:4000

3D View of Art Plaza, Platform, Outdoor Exercise Field

Section View 2050 B-B’

open commercial area

share road (car and bike use the same line)

B

open cafe pedestrians track

front plaza

pedestrians track

coastal walk track

B’

Scale: 1:4000

3D View of Open Commercial Space

Section View 2050 C-C’

roof garden

material of Children playground pavement: rubber softfall

share road (car and bike use pedestrians the same line) track

C

pedestrians track children playground

sculpture by sea plaza

coastal walk track

C’

Scale: 1:4000

3D View of Children Playground and Sculpture by Sea Plaza

Proposed Planting Schedule 8-10m

Tree

8-10m

8-10m

8-10m

6-8m

6-10m

4-8m

4-8m

3-10m

3-10m

3-4m 2m

2m

2m

Shurb

1.5m

1.5m

1m

Groundcover Dec

summer

Feb Mar

autumn

May Jun

winter

Aug Sep

6-8m A fast growing and short lived tree with feathery leaves and bright yellow ball shaped flowers in July – November.

Acacia longifolia

Melaleuca linariifolia

8-10m A small tree with honey scented cream flowers in September – February.

Banksia spinulosa

2m 3-4m with golden yellow flowers late winter A rounded shrub with yellow orange - early spring. flowers in winter

Groundcover

Shurb

Tree

Acacia decurrens

spring

Ceratopetalum gummiferum

Acacia decurrens

Elaeocarpus reticulatus 3-10m

Hovea linearis 1.5m An open shrub with mauve flowers spring.

Correa alba

Grevillea buxifolia

Acer palmatum 6-10m

Indigofera australis 1.5m An umbrella shaped shrub with grey/green foliage and pink flowers in spring

8-10m this tree or large shrub has clusters of white, pink and red flowers in September – December..

1m A bun shaped shrub with white flowers autumn/winter

4-8m Small tree or rounded shrub. Lots of yellow ball shaped flowers in spring.

2m A dense bun shaped shrub with grey felty flowers over the warmer months.

Nov

Mondo Grass evergreen groundcover

What can we do to make our night environment work for us? ......and artificial lights at night to improve the safety and aesthetics of the whole design?

residential area/ street/ corridor lighting Pyrmont wharf

car flow lighting on the Anzac Bridge

The White Bay is relative dark by surrounding site

Using light only where and when it is needed

When?

Where? children playing

Night time for sure

Children playground

sprots

Sports field

stroll

Pedestrians track

ride bicycle

Bike lane

Activities Pop-up show, living concert, lighting show...

open plaza/ playground

Level of Safety Requirment at Night

Night Time Visual sharpness Level

High priority very easy to observe

children safety

easy to observe

exercise safety

High-medium priority

car safety

relative easy to observe

children playground

outdoor exercise space

riding bicyele safety bike lane

car road

medium priority

pedestrians walk safety

pedestrians walk close to sea safety

plaza/ art square/ waterfront square

pedestrians track

coastal walk track

plaza/ square

green space

medium-low priority

planting edge

A corner that is easily overlooked

corner of site

need to focus

Lighting at Night Time Lumens Level

lumen 0-300lm

some easily forgotten corners/ 100lm

lumen 400-500lm

lumen 700-850lm

lumen 900-1000lm

lumen 1100-2000lm

lumen >2000lm

ornamental plant lighting- ground lighting/400lm

car road lighting/ 1000lm

children playground lighting

ornamental plant lighting- light pole/ 800lm

pedestrians track/ 1400lm

exercise field lighting

garden bed light tape/ 100lm

bicycle lane lighting/ 1600lm

>2000lm Solar street light for main car road

1000-1600lm Bike lane light

600-800lm

Pedestrian track light/ Coastal walk light

400-500lm

Garden low light

100-300lm Ground light

Master Plan 2030 Night View

B A

A’

C

B’

C’

Scale: 1:1000

Section Night View 2030 A-A’ Lighting Turn-on Time Restriction* Due to the strong lighting for basketball at night time will intrrupt people’s visual at night and upper residents living area life quality, so it will not allow people to play after 8 p.m., at the same time, need to book appoinment first.

strong lighting for basketball ground light

solar street light pedestrian track light tape light in the plant

A

coastal walk light tape light in the plant

garden low light

A’

Scale: 1:4000

Section Night View 2030 B-B’

resident lighting through window

open commercial area front door light

solar street light

pedestrian track light

pedestrian track light

garden light

coastal walk light

garden low light

B

B’

Scale: 1:4000

Section Night View 2030 C-C’

resident lighting through window

solar street light

pedestrian track light

garden light

coastal walk light

tape light in the plant

C

C’

Scale: 1:4000

The artificial lighting at night time conditions at 2030...

residential area on the top

The main artificial lighting source at night time come from the side close to sea, has a relatively minor impact on residents

The existing basketball field as the only activity exercise in the field. If has the lighting turn-on time restriction on the basketball playing (due to the strong lighting for basketball field will interupt people’s visual impact), thus people will has less chance to do exercise at night time.

Time to change and add more varieties of exercise activities!

Master Plan 2050 Night View

B A

A’

C

B’

C’

Scale: 1:1000

Section Night View 2050 A-A’

Lighting Turn-on Time Restriction* Still keep the basketball field function, but cancel the service at nightime. Replaced by the outdoor casual exercise.

Still need lighting, but not that strong level as the lighting for basketball field at night time.

garden light solar street light

pedestrian track light

tape light in the plant

Light-Box lighting

pedestrian track light

garden light ground light

garden low light

A

A’

Scale: 1:4000

Section Night View 2050 B-B’

resident lighting through window

open commercial area front door light

solar street light

B

pedestrian track light

garden light

coastal walk light

B’

Scale: 1:4000

Section Night View 2050 C-C’

tape light in the plant

resident lighting through window tape light in the plant

solar street light

pedestrian track light

pedestrian track light

garden light children playground lighting

lighting for sculpture coastal walk light

C

C’

Scale: 1:4000

3D Night Time View of Art Plaza, Platform, Outdoor Exercise Field

3D Model

3D Model test of Garden lighting and ground lighting

3D Model test of pedestrians track lighting

3D Model test of street lighting on bike lane and car road