The Record Newspaper 23 February 1944

TheGloryThatWasMonteCassino WhereReligionI

*CradleofWesternMonasticism andSourceofCivilisationUtterly Destroyed

StirringHistoryofBenedictine Mother-House-

IftheSaintsinheavencouldbeaffectedbythecalamitiesthatafflictus, poormortals,wecouldwellimagineSt. Benedict,atthepresenttime,inconsolableoverthedestructionofhisbelovedAbbeyofMonteCassino.While stillonearth,thePatriarchofthe MonksoftheWestwasfoundoneday sheddingbittertears,thecauseof whichherevealed,wasthatGodhad madeknowntohimthathisMonastery,thefirstAbbeyofMonteCassino, whichhehadbuiltwithhisownhands, wouldinthenearfuturebeplundered anddestroyedbythebarbariansfrom Lombardy.

Andyet,whatwasthereintheprimitiveMonteCassino,asabuilding,comparabletothemajesticpilewhichthe worldadmireduntilyesterday,where ReligionandArthadviedwitheach otherforcenturiestomakeitaworthy monumenttothememoryofthegreatestMonkofalltimes?

Forgettingforafewmomentsthat ithasceasedtoexist,letusrecall brieflythehistoryofthis,themost celebratedofallBenedictineAbbeys.

MonteCassinohasrightlybeencalled thecradleoftheBenedictineOrder. For,althoughitwasatSubiacothat St.Benedictinauguratedhismonastic lifeandfoundedhisfirstMonastery. itwashere,whitherhemigratedin 529,thathefullydevelopedhisideas ofalargemonasticfamilyandwrote hiswonderfulRulefortheguidance ofmonks.MonteCassinohasever sincebeentheAlmaMaterofthe Benedictines,thesourceofMonachism intheWest,andtheforemostagent ofcivilisationfortheSlavonicand Teutonicraces.

IthasbeenremarkedthatthefortunesofMonteCassinohavebeen closelyconnectedwiththoseofRome throughoutthecenturies.TheAbbey beingonlyabout80milessouthofthe EternalCity,wheneverthelatterwas invadedtheformeralsosuffered.It

,wasfirstpillagedanddestroyedbythe Lombardsabouttheyear589,some40 yearsafterSt.Benedict'sprediction oftheevent.

ArestorationwaseffectedbyAbbot Petronaxin718,andanewchurchwas consecratedwithgreatsolemnityby PopeZacharyin748.Atthisperiod theAbbeygainedgreatrenown,and amongitsmonkswerecelebratedmen likePaultheDeacon-monk,writer, poetandhistorian-whowrotethe "HistoryoftheLombards."

Towardsthemiddleofthe9th.century,theSaracens-anotherbarbarian race--overranthispartofItaly,and didnotspareMonteCassinoNotsatisfiedwithkillingtheAbbotandas manyofthemonksastheycouldlay handson,theysetfiretothebuildings.

Thiswasin884.Thedamage,however,wasnotirreparable,andtheyear 949sawtheAbbeythrivingoncemore.

The11th.centuryhasrightlybeen lookeduponastheGoldenAgeof MonteCassino.ThegreatAbbeybecameatthistimenotonlythepurest fountainofBenedictinelifetutalso aculturalcentreofintenseactivity. ThiswasparticularlysounderAbbot Desiderius,whoruledfrom1058to 1087,whenherelinquishedofficetobecomePopeunderthetitleofVictor III.Hehasalwaysbeenregardedas thegreatestAbbotofMonteCassino afterSt.Benedict.Hecausedthe Abbeybuildings,andespeciallythe church,tobereconstructedonascale ofgreatmagnificence.Someofthe artistsheemployedweremonksofhis Community,whichnownumbered200; othershebroughtfromAmalfii,LombardyandevenConstantinople.The churchwasconsecratedbyPopeAlexanderIIin1071. Theschoolof copyistsandminiaturepainterswhich wasformedunderthisAbbotbecame famousthroughoutEurope.Thegood workofAbbotDesideriusendured,and MonteCassinocontinuedlongtobea

beaconofholinessandlearninginEurope.Manyofitsmonkswerecalled upontorulediocesesandtoteachin thoseschoolswhencetheEuropean Universitiessprang.Desiderius'immediatepredecessorasAbbothadbecomePopeStephenIX.Desiderius, wesaw,occupiedthePapalchairas VictorIII,in1087. Some30years lateranothermonkofMonteCassino ruledtheChurchasPope-Gelavius II.TheAbbotsofMonteCassinobecameverypowerfullordsbothin spiritualandtemporalmatters.This factor,coupledwiththegreatstrategicalvalueofitsposition,involvedthe Abbeyintheconstantpoliticalstrugglesoftheperiod,greatlytothedetrimentoftheMonasticobservanceand activitiesofitsmonks.

Attheendofthe13th.century, thegreatAbbeywasnotinaflourishingstate.Worsestill,in1349,an earthquakereducedtoanimmense heapofdebristhegrandioseworkof AbbotDesiderius.

Reconstructionbeganimmediately. PopesandKingstookpersonalinterest inthework,astheyhaddoneinpreviouscenturies,andtheresultwasa setofbuildingsexcellingeventhose erectedbyAbbotDesiderius-the buildingsoverwhoseruinswemourn to-day.ThenameofnolessanarchitectthanBramanteisassociatedwith thisreconstruction.

ButtheAbbeycontinuedtolabour underseriousdifficultiesfromwithin andfromwithout.Amongthelatter werethewarsbetweentheFrenchand theSpaniardsfordominionoverItaly inthelatterpartofthe15th.century. Inthecourseofthesewars,theFrench entrenchedthemselvesinMonteCassino,thusendangeringthelivesofthe monks.ButElGranCapitan(GonzalodeCordoba),whoneverlosta battle,ledhis soldierstovictoryherealso.Heconqueredthe

Abbey.TheCommunitysufferednot alittlefromthisfeatofarms,but fromthattimetheSpanishleaderwas theAbbey'sgreatestbenefactor.His memorywaskeptaliveintheCommunityuntiltheotherdaybyaseries ofpaintingsononeoftheaislesofthe AbbeyChurch.

(ContinuedonBackCover.)

MonteCassino "Evacuated"

TheGermanssaythattheAbbeyof Monte(1,.ssino,thecradleoftheBenedictineOrder,hasbeenevacuated,and thatonlytheAbbotremainsthere.The othermonks"weretakentoRomeby theGermanauthorities'(accordingto D.N.B,)andaretherelodgedinthe AbbeyofSanPaoloPuorileMumand ontheAventine."Thetreasureshave beenremovedtoaplaceofsafetywith thehelpoftheGermanmilitaryauthorities Thosesoremovedinclude approximately40,000parchmentsand codices,ofwhichtheoldestdatesfrom thesixthcentury,aHebrewbibleof theninthcentury,a"LiberMorallum" withnotesbySt.ThomasAquinas,the chronicleofMonteCassinobyLeoof Ostia,a"DivinaCommedia"ofthe fourteenthcentury,andmanyothers." WefindanominousnoteinthesereferencestothehelpoftheGerman authoritiesinalltheseoperations.GermanassistanceinIheevacuationof theVaticanitselfispogaible.We hardlysupposethatthemonksof MonteCassinothemselvestookthedecisiontogoaway.-"TheTablet,"November13th,)

*TheCatholicAnswer

ByWhatRightDoesthe ChurchCommandtheHearingofMassonSundays?

*WhyCatholicsRegardOtherReligions

TheChurchofEnglandRejectsthe Mass,ConfessionalandtheEucharist

*AdvantagesofUnityofFaith

ProBonoPublico,Perth:

Youfirstquestionhasbeenanswered severaltimesinthissession,andyour secondquestionis:

ShouldaCatholicmissMassonSundayitisamortalsin;whatisthe originofthisspiritualteaching?

A.:Christsaid,"Ifthouwillenter intolife,keeptheCommandments." Now,asIexplainedafewSundaysago, oneoftheseCommandmentsis,"RememberthatthoukeepholytheSabbathday,"andbyitGoddemandsthe specialway.Hisveryuseoftheterm "Remember"impliesagraveobligation nottoforgetoromitthisduty.Itis amortalsintodisobeyGodinthis matter.Butinwhatwayarewe ChristianstoobservethisCommandment?Whoistotellushowweare toobserveit?Christsaid:"Ifaman willnotheartheChurchlethimbe astheheathen"(Matt.XVIII,17).We mustthenheartheChurch.Nowthe CatholicChurchtellsusthatthecentralfactorinthereligionofChrigtis theMass,andthatthechiefthingin

thesanctificationofSundayistobe presentattheofferingofthatsacrifice toGod.This,therefore,obligesunder painofmortalsin,unlesswearepreventedfromassistingthroughsickness orbecauseofsomeothergravedifficulty.

Remember,too,thatmenarenot onlyindividualbeing's,butarealsosocialunitsinacollectivebody.And astheyareobligedtoworshipGodin theirindividualcapacity,sotoocollectively.Godhasalwaysdemanded publicworship,andfromtheearliest ApostolictimesChristiansmetregularlyforreligiousexercisesincommon. TheMassistheofficialpublicactof worshipbyChrist'sChurch,andasthe philosopherswouldsay,itistheactus oftheMysticalBodyinwhichitfulfilsitsraisond'etre.

Seeker,WestLeederville:

Q.:Iaminterestedinyourquestions andanswers,andIthinksomeof thequestionssentinareveryfutile andbesidethepoint.

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A.:Ithankyoufortheinterestyou haveshowninthesession,andlikeyou Ifeelthatsometimesthequestionsare alittlebesidethepointand,asyou say,futile.However,inanswering obviousorfutilequestionsonecan oftenbringinsomepointorotherof Catholicdoctrinethatjustifiesthetime spentontheanswer.

Q.:YouhaveimpliedonseveraloccasionsthattheCatholicreligionisthe onlytrueChurch.Areyouprepared tostatethatallotherreligionsare false?Yes,orNo?

A.:Naturally,ifCatholicsbelieve theirChurchtobethetrueChurch, thenforCatholicsallotherreligions arefalse.Thereisnothingnarrowor illogicalinthatattitude.Anyman whoisconvincedthathisChurchis thetrueChurchthatwasfoundedby Christ,mustnecessarilybelievethatall othercreed'sarefalse.Butthat doesn'tmeanthathecannotrespect thesincerityofothersintheirownreligiousbeliefs.Asamatter allofusowethatmuchincharityto ourneighbourinanycase.Whether theyareinfactsincereornot,istheir ownaffair,andamatterbetween themselvesandGodalone,butthe Christianthingistotakethatfor granteduntilwearecertainofthe contrary.

"FreedomtoWorship,"Applecross:

Q.:Whogaveyoutherighttodescribe overtheairtheChurchofEngland religionasbeingfalse.(Falsewasthe wordyouused).TheChurchof EnglandbelievesinBaptism,Confirmation,ConfessionandallChrist's teachings.Itdoesnotrecognise divorce-apointwhichmostRoman Catholicsarequiteignorantof.

A.:AsIsaidwhenansweringthe previousquestion,theChurchofEnglandisjustasfalsetoasincereCatholicasCatholicismisfalsetoasincerememberoftheChurchofEngland.Youaskwhogavemethe righttothinkso,andtosayso.God gavemetheright.Hegavemeintelligenceandtherighttousemyown intelligence.Thereissuchathingas freedomofthought,youknow.Isupposeyou'llsay,that'salright,butwhat righthaveyoutosaythesethingsover theair.Well,I'vegotjustthesame rightthatyouoranybodyelsewould have.Whatismore,Ihavenever directlyattackedtheChurchofEnglandoranyotherdenomination.I havesimplyansweredquestionsasto theattitudeoftheCatholicChurchon allthesedifferentmatters.If,asin thepreviousletter,Iamaskeda straight-outquestion,thenisthereanythingobjectionableingivingastraightoutanswer?Ifyouarelogicalyou, too,moistthinkthatCatholicismis mistakenandfalse.Andyouarequite freetothinksoandtosayso,aslong asyougiveCatholicsthecreditfor sincerityintheirbeliefs.Thatisall theyaskofyou.Whatmoredoyou askofus?Isitproofthatyouwant? ThentheclaimsoftheCatholic Churchcanbesubstantiatedwith overwhelmingproof.

WithregardtoChrist'steachings, theCatholicChurchalonebelievesand teachesALLthatChristrevealedto uswhenonearth.Manyofthedoc-

asFalse

trinesofChristhavebeenrejectedbyotherdenominations,andtheyarestill preservedintheirfulnessonlyinthe CatholicChurch,Itwillbenewsto manypeopletolearnthattheChurch ofEnglandbelievesintheobligation ofConfession.TheChurchofEng- landcertainlyrejectstheSacrificeof theMass,andthatistheveryheart ofthedoctrinalsynthesistaughtby Christ;itisonlyinandthroughthe MassthataChristianlifehasanyreal significanceatall.WithouttheMass wearealsowithouttheSacramentof theEucharist,andChristsaidmore thanoncethatunlessweeatHisFlesh anddrinkHisBlood,weshallnothave Lifewithinusandweshallnotbe saved.Andinrevealingtousthe Sacrament'oftheEucharist,Christ veryexplicitlytaughtthedoctrineof Transubstantiation,whichisrejected bytheChurchofEngland. Butallthisissimplyamatterofhistory.To-dayintheworldthereare many andcreeds:amongstthem allonlyonecanbethetruereligion thatChristtaughtuswhenonearth. Imean,theycan'tALLberightwhen theyteachconflictingdoctrines,andso, allbutonemustbemistaken,andthe CatholicChurchistheonlyonewhich offer'shermembersandallmankindan infallibleguaranteethatherteachings aretheauthenticteachingsofChrist. Nootherchurchevenmakesthat claim,muchlesswouldtheybewilling orabletoproveit.Yet,theCatholic Church,quitesoberlyandconsistently, makesthattremendousclaim,and provesherrighttomakeit.

Q.:WhydoesnotthePopetakea moreactivepartinthesalvationof hisRomanCatholicflockinthepresentconflict,ifhehas.somuchpower -asweareallledtobelieve?

A.:Whatdoyoumeanbyamore activepart?ThePopehasalready doneeverythingthatishumanlypossible,first,topreventtheoutbreak ofwar,secondly,tolimitthespreadof thewar,thirdly,tokeepitsconduct ashumanitarianaspossible,and rightthroughouthehaslostnooppor- tunitytoexploreanyavenueofdiplomacythatmightconceivablyleadto a'shorteningofhostilities.Hehas sentwhatsmallhelphecouldtoprisonersofwarinallcountriesabsolutelywithoutdiscriminationofcreedor race.AndIwouldliketopointout thattheHolyFatherisbynomeans interestedinthewelfareofCatholics only,butofallmankind.Whatlimitedinfluencehehasinthecouncilsof worldpowershasbeenusedalwaysin theinterestsofhumanityatlarge, promptedbyhisheart-breakingresponsibilityasFatherofallmen.Hehas donewhateverhecould,andhestill continuestodoso,andifhisvoice seemslikethatofonecryinginthe wildernessthatisnofaultofhis.His powerissubjecttothewillofGodin thefirstplace,andtothewillofmen inthesecondplace,andyoucanrest assured,thathehasdoneallthatis humanlypossibleinthecircumstances, notonlyforhisownflockoftheCatholicChurch,butforallthosemillions ofmenandwomenandchildrenof everycreedwhohavebeencrucifiedin WANTEDTOBUT:Stoves,Wood, ties;PlainandOldRodIron,Oepsers, Rodin.EastPrices.Ring11111W.

AreChildrenofaPutativeMarriageRegardedasIllegitimate? WePrayFortheSoulsoftheDeadBecauseThey CannotHelpThemselves

WealthorSocialStandingHas NoBearingonReligiousVocation HowtheCarmeliteNuns MakeReparationfortheSins oftheWorld

whatsoeverwaythroughawarthat hasbroughtsuchuntoldsufferingto thepeoplesofallnations.

Q.:DoyoudenythatinRomanCar tholicschools,withthestrikingofthe clock,allandsundrystandupand praythatAustraliaandAustralians willallbecomeRomanCatholics?

Youarewastingyoutimeinthisdirection,asAnglicanswillnever,never submittoyourwayofprayer,any morethanEnglandhassubmittedto theDictators.That'swhatweare fightingfornow-freedom--freedom oflife,thoughtandworship,andno oneisgoingtodenyustherightto worshipaswebelievetoberight.

A.:Nobodywantsto,thatIknowof, leastofallCatholics.Youseemto havegotalittleexcitedoverthematter,butyouneednothave.Itis ratherchildishcomparingCatholicsto theDictators.Theyhavetried,foolishly,toimposetheirwillandtheir totalitariandoctrinesonthewhole worldwiththebayonetandtheconcentrationcamp,withcompletecontemptfortheGod-givenrightsofevery mantofreedomoflife,thoughtand worship.Theydeniedmentheright tofreedomofreligion,whichtheCatholicChurchisscrupuloustorespect, andnowheremorethaninaCatholic

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countrylikeEire.Andthemethods oftheDictatorsareverydifferentfrom thesimpleandearnestprayerofCatholicsinAustralia,whetherinschoolor inChurch,thatGodwillgranttheir brethrenoutsidetheChurchthelight offaith,sothatAustraliamaybecome oneinfaithunderoneShepherd.And isn'titintheinterestsofAustralia,in theinterestsofthenationthroughout theyearsahead,thatweshouldall shareincommonthegreatestgiftof Godtoanypeople-unityofFaith?

"FeedMyLambs,"NorthPerth: Whilelisteningtoyoursessionlast SundayweekIfeltverysorrytohear youdeclarethatallchildrenbornof RomanCatholicandProtestantparentsareillegitimateinthesightof manandGod, A.:Youcouldn'thavebeenlistening verycarefullytowhatIdidsayon thatoccasion.Icertainlynevermade theridiculousstatementyouaccuseme ofinthisletter.Inamixedmarriage,thatis,whenoneoftheparties isaCatholicandtheotheranonCatholic,thereisneveranyquestion atallaboutthelegitimacyofthechildren.AndevenwhentheCatholic partnergoesthroughtheformofmarriageoutsidetheCatholicChurch, eitherinaRegistryOfficeorinanonCatholicChurch,thereisstillnoquestionastothelegitimacyofthechildren,eventhoughtheChurchherself doesnotrecognisethemarriageofthe parents.Beingwhatisknownasa putativemarriageinnearlyeverycase, thegoodfaithofthenon-Catholic partyissufficientfoundationforthe legitimacyofthechildrenintheeyes ofbothChurchandState.Sincethe remainderofyourletterissimplya protestbasedonacompletemisunderstandingofwhatIreallysaid,thereis nopointinreadingandansweringthe restofit.

VeryInterestedandSincere,Perth Q.:Isittruethatwhenprayersare offeredatMassforadeadsoul,God listenstothoseprayers,butthatthe soulprayedforishelplesstoprayfor himself,asGodwouldnotlisten. SurelyGodwouldnotmakeanydistinction?

A.:Catholicdoctrineisthatafter deathoneisnolongercapableofmeritinganyfurthereitherrewardorpunishment,andourprayersthereforeare incapableofmeritinganyalleviationof thepunishmentwhichoursinsduring lifehavedeservedbywayofreparation.Andinthatsensethereisadistinctionbetweenthevalueofprayers offeredtoGodwhilstyetlivingand thoseofferedtoHimwhenwehave passedthroughtheexperienceofdeath. Certainly,thosewhohavedeparted fromthislifearestillcapableofPrayer,andofamuchmoreperfectprayer thanours,butthosewhoaresuffering thepurificationofPurgatorybefore beingadmittedintothepresenceof theBlessedTrinityare,asIsaid,no longerthemselvescapableoflessening throughtheirprayerthesufferingthat God'sjusticeisdemandingofthemin reparationforsin.Ontheother hand,GodinHismercyhasrevealed tousthatOURprayersontheirbehalf AREcapableoflesseningwhatever

debtofreparationmayremaintobe discharged,Yousee,inthislifeGod givesusinnumerableopportunitiesof makingreparationtoHimforthe wrongthatwemaydo.Wearefree tousetheseopportunitiesortoditregardthem.Heatleasthastoldus thatourprayersinthislife,andour sufferingsbornforloveofHim,can andwillbeacceptedbyHimasreparationforoursines,butthatafter deathitisnolongerGod'smercythat tempersHisProvidenceforeachone ofus-butonlyHisabsolutejustice.In Purgatorywearestillcapableofloving Godandofprayingforothers,butwe arenolongercapableofappealingto God'smercyforourselves,though othersstillonearthmaydosoforus. Andthatiswhyweprayforthosewho aredead,notknowingwhetherornot theyarestillsuffering,butrealising thatiftheyarethenourprayerswill helpthem.Asamatteroffact,our prayersareallthattheymayhopefor totemperGod'sjusticenowthatthe finalreckoninghascome.Perhaps thatwillexplainforyouwhyCatholics praysomuchfortheirdearoneswho areperhapssufferingintenselyinthat finalpurifyingthateachsoulundergoesbeforeitmayenterHeaven. Ourprayerscanhelpwheretheirown cannot.Ofcourse,wedon'tknow whetherornottheyareinPurgatory orinHeaven,buteveniftheyarealreadyinHeavenandnolongerinneed ofourprayers,neverthelessthose prayersareneverofferedtoGodin vain:andiftheydonotbenefitthe oneforwhomtheyareoffered,then eithertheywillbenefitourselvesorbe gatheredintotheTreasuryofthe Church,asitiscalled,tobeapplied bytheChurchtoothersinthemeasurethatGodwishes.

Q.:Whentwoinfantsdie,onebaptised,theothernot,howcananyonebelievethatajustGodwouldmakeany distinction(asyousaid)?Infants arenotresponsible.

A.:Well,I'veexplainedthisdoctrine morethanonce.Anditisnotso muchaquestionofwhetherweare abletoseeeyetoeyewithGod'swill insuchacase;itismoreimportant thatweunderstandjustexactlywhat GodHASdecreedinthematter,He hastoldusthatunlessweareborn againofwaterandtheHolyGhostwe cannotenterintothekingdomof God(Jn.III.,5).Hemadenodistinctionsofageorsexorrace.Hiscommandwasabsolute.Thereforeit mustapplyeveninthecaseofinfants.

ThatiswhattheCatholicChurchhas alwaystaught,andalwayswill.Not thatitisaheartlessteaching,northat itisunjust.Howcouldanyofthe truthstaughtbyChrist,WhoisGod, beheartlessorunjust?Itissimply thatyouhaven'tunderstoodthefull teachingofChristandoftheChurch inthematter.Theinnocentchild whodiesupbaptised,asIhaveoften beenatpainstopointout,doesnot sufferunjustlyonthataccount,butalthoughnotenjoyingthehappinessof heaven,neverthelessisperfectlyand radiantlyhappyinanaturalway. Theselittleones411belongtoGod, andtheyknowHimtoo,thoughnotin quitethesamewaythatHeisknown andlovedbythosewhohavebeenbaptised.Andsincetheythemselvesare notconsciousofanyotherkindofhappinessbeingpossible,theydonotfeel itsloss,butare,asIsaid,perfectly happyintheknowledgeandloveof GodthattheyenjoythroughHiscreation.

Q.:Iftwowomenwishedtoenterthe CarmeliteOrder,onerich,theother

poor,wouldGodchoosetherichaid leavethepooroneout?

A.:IfHedid,itwouldnotbesimplybecauseshewaspoor.Thegrace ofvocationisnotreservedexclusively fortherich,andGoddoesn'tmeasure whatisinyourpursebutwhatisin yourheart.So,too,theSuperiorsof ReligiousOrdersorCommunitiesare concernedwiththedispositionsnot withthesocialstatusorthewealth ofthosewhowishtoenter.Ifapoor girlwerenotacceptedinanyOrderit mouldnotbebecauseshewaspoor,but eitherbecauseshewasnotfittedby herdispositionforsuchalifeorelse becausetherewassomeseriousimpediment,suchasillhealth.

Q.:Also,iftheydonotspeaktoone another,whatdidGodgivethemthe giftofspeechfor?

A.:Thegiftofspeechwhich.God gavetheSistersofCarmelisusedin themostsublimeofallwayts--inthe praiseoftheTruineCreatorandin theprayerofsupplicationforyouand melivingourlivesinthehurly-burly ofthemodernageoutsidetheirconventwalls.Throughoutthedayand nightatappointedhourstheSistersin theChapelchanttheprayersand hymnsthatChristendomhassungin praiseofGodforwelloverathousand years.TheyoffertoGodinreparationforthesinsoftheworldthemortificationoffastingandthesilenceapartfromtheirprayerandthehour ortwoofrecreationtheyspendincommoneveryday.Theydoconverse withoneanotherforanhourinthe morningandanhourintheeveningandfortherest,theyusethegiftof speechGodgavethemsolelyforHis greatergloryinprayerandchant.

Q.:ChristnevershutHimselfupbehindwallsinsteadofhelpingothers.

A,:ForthirtyyearsofHislifeChrist livedasanunknownvillagecarpenter inthehillsofGalilee.Onlythelast twoandahalftothreeyearsofHis lifewerespentintraversingPalestine, healingthesick,raisingthedead,and teachingthepeoplethedoctrinesthat Hehadcomeonearthtorevealto them.Youmightsaythat,ineffect, ChristdidshutHimselfupbehindwalls -wallsofobscurity-forthirtylong years,thegreaterpartofHislifeon earth.Inanycase,thewholepoint intheOrderofCarmelisthatthrough theirlivesofprayerandpenancethe Sistersmightmakesomereparationto Godforyoursinsandmine.Sofew ofuseverthinktodothatourselves, andwhenallissaidanddone,Christ continuallyinsistedonthenecessityof prayerandpenanceforeachoneofus. Godknowswhatgracesarewonfortheman-in-the-streetbythesesaintlyand heroicwomenwhomtheworldseesfit toridiculeordespise,orworsestill,to pity.Asiftheylookforpity.Each oneofthemASKEDtobereceived intotheOrder,eachoneofthemis therebecauseshewantstobethere,a SpouseofChrist,andcrucifiedtothe worldaswasSt.Paulbeforeher.And don'teverthinktheyareunhappyin theausterelifetheylive-ifyoudon't takemywordforit,godownyourself toCannelandspeakwiththem.A lifegiventoprayerisnotawasted life,alifegiventopenanceisnota wastedlife,alifeofsilenceapartfrom prayerisnotabusingGod'sprecious giftofspeech,andasforhelpingothers -maybeyourememberthewordsof Christ:"Greaterlovethanthisno manhas,thathelaydownhislifefor hisfriends!"Andthatisjustwhat theyhavedoneinthehardestwayof all.

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InternationalJuridicalInstitution

HowtheCommonReligionMay CounterExclusivePatriotism-*TheCasefortheRecognition oftheSovereignState

Thefollowingpassagesaretaken from"TheTablet"EditorialofNovember6:

Thi3unituponwhichstatesmanship mustbuildisstillthesovereignState. Greatashasbeentheexperience,more bitterthansweet,since1919,andwidespreadasisnowtherealisationthat patriotismisnotenough,thereexists to-daynootherforceofcomparable strength,noothermotivesouniversallyandpersistentlydirectingtheenergiesandaspirationsofmeneverywhere.TheGermanonslaught,with allitspanoplyofaneworder,has arousedandinflamedeverywherea senseofoutragedpatriotismwhichinspirestheuniversalresistanceonthe mainlandofEurope,fromthatofthe Russiansinthefieldtothatofthe civilianresistersinoccupiedEurope. TheForeignSecretariesatMoscowhave donewell,continuinginthespiritof theAtlanticCharter,toreaffirmthat thepoliticalunitisthesovereignState,

whetheritislargeorsmall.Thefirst ofthePope'speacepoints,thatnations,regardlessoftheirsize,havethe righttolive,andthatthelifeofthe smallmustnothesacrificedtotheambitionoradvantageofthegreater,has beenre-as.sertedfromMoscow.

ThenationsofEuropeneed,however,totaketheirsovereignindependenceasastarting-point,notafinishing post.Itwasquitenatural,inthelast war,thatmanypeoples,particularlyin CentralEurope,whohaddreamtwhile notfreeofaneventualdayoffreedom, shouldhaveletthatdaybetheirhorizon,beyondwhichtheydidnotlook. Theysettledbusilytotheorganisation ofthepubliclifeofasovereignState, andtheysoonfoundthemselveserectingtariffs,thattheymighthaverevenuetoraisearmiesandairforces,all ofwhichprovedquiteinadequateto withstandtheaggressionofthemighty conglomerationoftheGermanReich whichstruckthemdownordominated NNP4.011/...4.04,004.4P.4`441.........~4414NOW

themonebyone.Theaffirmationof theprinciplethatEuropeiscomposed ofsovereignStatesneedstobecomplemented,andiscomplementedinthe Moscowresolutions,withadeclaration thatthetaskofpreservingthepeace willbepursuedthroughaninternationalorganisation,withthestrongimplicationthatforthefirsttimesuch aninstitutionwillhavetheUnited Statesamongitsleadingmembers.

JustastheHotSpringsConference didnotbreakupwithoutarranging forthesmallerbodywhichhasgiven birthtoUNRRA(UnitedNationsReliefandRehabilitationAdministration),sotheMoscowConferencehas producedsomethingconcrete,inthe EuropeanAdvisoryCouncilwhichwill startitscontinuousexistenceinLondon,thepointmidwaybetweenMoscowandWashington,andthemain clea-ing-housefortheGrandAliance. ThatCouncilwillcontinueworkwhich isatthemomentstill,initsessence, workofpoliticalwarfare,butwillbecomemoreandmoreworkofpolitical reconstructionandtheorganisationof asettlement.

Itwouldbeagreatmistaketobeso muchimpressedbyhowmuchyetremainstobedone,bytheabundantdifficultieswhichhavenotyetbeenconfronted,astoundervaluetherelatively smallbutveryrealandimportantgain whichcanberecorded.Foritisa gainthatthebasicjuridicalconcepts ofWesterncivilisationareacceptedand proclaimedtotheworldinthissetting, AnotableandhighlyconcretedeclarationisdevotedtoAustria,which isdescribedas"thefirstfreecountry tofallavictimtoNaziaggression," andistobe"liberatedfromGerman domination."

Thisdeclarationisparticularlyimportantbecausethereasonforwanting afreeandindependentAustriais "toopenthewayfortheAustrian peoplethemselves,aswellasthose neighbouringStateswhichwillbe facedwithsimilarproblems,tofind thatpoliticalandeconomicsecurity whichistheonlybasisforlasting peace."

ItisplainlyenvisagedthatAustria shouldnotbeagaincutofffrommembershipofthelargemixedStateof whichit,hasbeenthecentre,andleft again,asin1919,tostrugglethrough yearsofinsolublepoliticalandeconomicdifficultyasacountryofsixmillions.athirdoftheminViennaand largelysocialist,andtwo-thirdsofthem inthecountrysideandpoliticallyhostiletotheurbansocialistmovement. AfreeandindependentAustriacannotagaintaketheleadinCentralEurope,becausethetraditionoftheother States,asfarasPoland,isofanindependenceachievedorre-wonagainst l'ienna.ButtheAustrianshaveapreeminentinterestinbeing"goodEuropeans,"inexchangingthepost-1919 conceptoflifeasaself-containedsmall Powerandthepre-1919conceptofa leader,hipoftheotherracesina mixedState,foraEuropeanidea whichwilltranscendalldestructiveand dividingracialism.

Viennaisthenaturalandobvious homeforaninternationaljuridicalinstitutionofwhichthemainpreoccupationswillbenotwithWestern,but NifhCentralEurope.Genevawas chosenatthespecialinsistenceofPresidentWilson,butitwasalocation whichalwayssuggestedParisandLondon.Allthecommonserviceswhich shouldbebuiltuptofosterunitybetweenthesovereignnation-Stateswill findViennathebestgeographicalcentre.

Downto1866,theAustriandynasty regardeditself,andwasgenerallyregarded,astheleadingGermanState. ThePrussianswerenotconsideredauthenticGermans,andtothedayofhis deaththeEmperorFrancisJosephII regardedhimselfasamanwhohad beenoustedfromhisrightfulleadership

for'an

oftheGermanpeoplesbyamilitarily strongerbutlesscivilisedPowerinBerlin.Itwouldbewisestatesmanship fortheAlliestorecreateinVienna anotherfocusandcentreofattraction, todrawnon-PrussianGermanyaway fromthebalefulcentralisationand power-politicswhich,fromBismarckto Hitler,radiated,fromBerlin.When theGermanshavebeendisarmedand thePrussianmythbroken,otheraspectsoftheGermancharacter,toolong subordinated,canperhapsbebrought totheserviceofmoreuniversalideas.

Thecommonreligionwhichisso widelysharedthroughEuropeisnota negligiblefactorintheslowanduphill workofcounter-balancingtheclaims ofexclusivepatriotism.Itishere thattherecognitionofthesovereign Statesbringswithititsgreatdifficulties.FortheGermanspatriotismwill rununderground,asPolishpatriotism did,iftheGermanslivewiththespectaclebeforethemofotherpeoplesenjoyingafulnessofnationalindependencefromwhichtheyarebarred.

Itwillalsobeamatterofgreatimportancesotohandlequestionsofwar crimeandwarguiltthatwedonotfeed thenextgenerationsofGermanswitha newmythus,ofthebraveleadersof theThirdReichraisinguptheirpeople andbeingstruckdownandmartyred, andbecomingheroiclegendsafter death.Notonlyforitslatereffect ontheGermans,butforitseffecton theneutrals,wethinktheConference couldusefullyhaveapproachedthe legalquestionofprocedureagainstwar criminalsindifferentandmoreinternationalterms.

OFFICEGIRLS!DOYOU WANTTOIMPROVEYOUR SHORTHANDSPEED?

Thefastandefficientstenographeriskeenlyappreciatedby employersto-day.

Wehavespecialeveningclasses from80wordsaminuteupwards, 5.30to6.30p.m.Mondaysand Thursdays,andfrom.8to9p.m., MondaysandWednesdays.Low Speedpracticeisgivenfrom8to 9pin.TuesdaysandThursdays. Thefeeisveryreasonable.Call atourofficeonedayduringyour lunchhourandobtainparticulars. Noobligation.

CityCommercial College

-411111w-

Adelightfulceremonywaswitnessed atSt.Brigid'sChurch,MidlandJunctiononSaturday,January15,1944, whenRev.FatherMcCormackcelebratedwithNuptialMassthemarriage ofMargaretEileen,onlydaughterof Mr.andMrs.J.Berrigan,ofMidland Junction,andLieutenantAlbertCharles(A.I.F.),eldersonofMr.andMrs. C.Edghill,ofWaggaWagga, Thebride,whoenteredthechurch onthearmofherbrother,wasattired inaclassicalgownofivoryfigured angelskinsatin.Shecarriedanexquisitebouquetoffrangipanniand tuberroses,andherlacetrimmed,fulllengthtulleveilwasheldinplaceby acoronetofpearls.

MissEileenBerrigan,whoattended thebride,choseabecomingfrockof floralgeorgette,andcarriedabeautifulbouquetofwaterliliesandfern, whilethedutiesofbestmanwereably carriedoutbyLieutenantV.A.Duracle(A.I.F.).

Areceptionwasheldatthehome ofMr's.T.J.Berrigan,auntofthe bride,wheretheguestswerereceived bythebride'smother,whoworea charminggownofnavyfiguredmorocain. Beforetheusualtoastswerehonoured,thechairmanreadasheafofcongratulatorytelegramsfromthemany friendsofthehappycouple.

Priortoleavingontheirhoneymoon thebridechangedtoasuitofdelphiniumbluelinenwithwhiteaccessories.

BUSSELTON

MASS

HISLORDSHIPMOSTREV.DR.

A.J.GLIMMER.

BishopofGeraldton.

Thesecondanniversary-oftheelectionofHisLordship,MostRev.Dr. A.J.Gummer,totheDioceseofGeraldtonoccursto-morrow.Dr.GummerwasconsecratedintheCathedral ofSt.MichaelandSt.John,Bathurst, N.S.W.,byMostRev.Dr.Gilroy, ArchbishopofSydney,onMarch19, 1942.ArrivinginPerthinthesame month,HisLordshipwasenthronedin St.FrancisXavier'sCathedralonthe PalmSunday.Admultosannos.

1thaslungbeenevidenttothemost casualobserverofthenewsfromthe Russianhome-fronthatthefirstfine frenzyoftheearlydaysoftheRevolutionhaspassedaway.There-establishmentofthePatriarchateoftheRussianChurch,thecultofpatriotismsubstitutedfor"theworkershaveno fatherland,"thereturnofdistinctions ofrankintheRedArmyandofspecialuniformsforSovietdiplomatsnoneofthesefitseasilyintotheOld GuardsconceptionofaBraveNew World.Butnowherehasthedeviation fromtheearlyPartyLinebeenmore significantthanintheattitudeofthe SovietStatetothefamily.Nolonger aredivorceandabortionmadeaseasy toobtainaspossible.Onthecontrary,theyarenowofficiallyfrowned on.Theimmenseimportanceofthe familyandoffamily-lifehasatlast beenrealised. Whowouldhaveexpectedin1929, whenPiusXIpublishedhisencyclical ontheChristianEducationofYouth, tofindonlyfourteenyearslaterhis viewsaboutco-educationendorsedby "aprominentSovietEducationist"? ThatisthedescriptionappliedtoProfessorM.Tsuzmerbytheofficial"SovietWarNews"attheheadofanarticlecontributedbyhimtotheissue ofNovember6.1943,"WhyCo-educationhasendedinU.S.S.R."After referringtothefamilyasthe"primary socialunit,"hepointsoutthat"asa resultofco-education,ayoungwoman maybeinsufficientlypreparedforher immenselyimportantfunctionsas motherandunbringerofchildren.. Itisanunavoidablenecessitytodifferentiatetheschoolcurriculainaccordancewiththenature,theaptitudesand somewhatdifferentsocialrolesofthe sexes. Theheadsandteachersof Moscowschoolsemphasisethatin separateeducationthecompositionof theclassesismorehomogeneous,the classesare'even,'whichmakesit

sibletoexertamoreprofoundeducationalanddevelopmentalinfluenceon school-childrenofbothsexes."

PiusXIwrote:"Thereisnotin natureitself,whichfashionsthetwo sexesquitedifferentinorganism,in temperament,inabilities,anything'to suggestthattherecanbeoroughtto bepromiscuityinthetrainingofthe twosexes.Thesearedestinedtocomplementeachotherinthefamilyand insocietypreciselybecauseoftheirdifferences,whichthereforeoughttobe maintainedandencouraged,during theiryearsofformation,withthenec-

ExpositionoftheBlessedSacrament isheldeveryThursdayintheChapel oftheCatholicGirls'Movement,Bank ofN.S.W.Chambers,65St.George's Terrace,nexttoWarwickHouse. cordialinvitationisextendedtothe Catholicpeoplegenerallytopaya visitduringtheday.Expositioncaw mencesafterMassat8o'clock,and concludeswithBenedictionofthe BlessedSacramentat5.45p.m.Those desiringtodosomayplacetheir namesontherosteroutsidetheChapel.

essarydistinctionandcorresponding separation,accordingtoageandcircumstances."("ChristianEducation," No.71.)

WESTERNAUSTRALIA'SLEADINGOPTICIANS

ThreeElementsofWorldPlan: PapalView

InterpretationofMgr.J.A.Ryan

NewYork.

AninterpretationofpronouncementsbyHisHoliness,PopePiusXII, forajustworldorderandalasting peace,givenbyMgr.JohnA.Ryan, DirectoroftheSocialActionDepartmentoftheNationalCatholicWelfare Conference,assertsthatthePopefavoursaninternationalorganisation withthethreeessentialelementsofa worldcourt,worldpoliceforce,anda worldlegislativecouncil.

Attheoutsetofhisaddress,Mgr. Ryandeclaredthat"withoutnatural rights,nomancouldrationallyorvalidlyobjecttobeingassassinated,imprisoned,enslavedorrobbed,"and thereforedisbelieversinnaturalrights -arequiteillogicalwhentheyuseethicaltermstodenouncethesecrimes perpetratedbyaHitleroraMussolini."Headded:

"Ifallrightsarederivedfromthe State,thentheexistingmasterofany State,whetherparliament,king,or dictator,mayreasonablydetermine thecontentandextensionofthe rights.Menwhobelievethatthehumanbeinghassimplyevolved,bothin bodyandsoul,fromalowerformof animal,cannotlogicallyadmitthat thehumanparsonhasanymoredig. pityorintrinsicworththanacowor apig;orthathehasnaturalrights; .rthatthetotalitariandictatorviolateshumanrightswhen,foranyreasonorfornoreason,heconfinesmen inconcentrationcampsorindiscriminatelyputsthemtodeath."

Thebasisofajustandenduring peace,Mgr.Ryansaid,restsuponreligion,whichestablishesafirmbasis forthemoralorder,which,inturn, proclaimsthatallmenhaveequal naturalrightstolife,libertyandthe materialrequisitesforthereasonable developmentofpersonality.

"Somuchforfundamentalprinciples.Howshouldthesegeneralprinciplesbeappliedtcthespecificsituationswhichwillconfrontthemakers oftheneace?ThisquestionIshall endeavourtoanswerbyquotations fromandcommentsuponsomeofthe mostimportantdeclaration'smadeby PopePiusXII.Thesedescribedthe religiousfoundationsforanenduring peace,asconceivedbytheheadofthe greatestreligiousbodyintheworld."

Mgr.RyansaidtheHolyFather's pronouncementsonajustanddurable peacemayconvenientlybeclassified .Apoliticalandeconomic.Inthe Pope'sChristmasMessageof1939,in whichhisfamousfive-pointpeaceprogrammewassetforth,Mgr.Ryansaid themostimportantsentenceofthe firstpointwas:"Afundamentalconditionofajustandhonourablepeace istoassuretherighttolifeandin-

dependenceofallnations,largeand small,strongandweak.Onenation's willtolivemustneverbetantamount toadeathsentenceforanother."The firstsentence,hesaid,isclearandcomprehensiveandthesecondsentence, hecontended.,wasacleardenunciation ofHitler'saggressiontogetmore "livingspace."

ThePope'ssecondpoint,Mgr.Ryan continued,"includesthedeclaration that'nationsmustbeliberatedfrom heheavyslaveryoftheraceforarmamentsandfromthedangerthatmaterialforce,insteadofservingtoprotectrights,becomesthetyrannicalviolatorofthem'."Thespeakercontendedthat"themainsafeguardhere istobefoundinaninternationalpolice."

InthePontiff'sthirdpoint,Mgr. Ryandeclared,thedeclarationismade that"internationalinstitutions"tobe establishedafterthewarshouldprofitby"theexperiencewhichpoured fromtheinefficiencyordefectiveoperationsofsimilarpreviousprojects"He statedthatinthesamepointthePope callfor"theestablishmentofjuridical institutionswhichservetoguarantee theloyalandfaithfulfulfilmentof (thetermsofpeace)and,incaseofrecognisedneed,toreviseandcorrect them."

Mgr.Ryansaid."Undoubtedlythese wordsrefertoaninternationaltribunalorworldcourt.Dotheyimplyacomprehensiveworldorganisation? Aleagueorsocietyofnations?Notnecessarily;butinhis onferencewiththeMinisterofHaiti onNovember10,1839,HisHoliness hadexpressedawishfor'astable, fruitfulinternationalorganisationsuch asisdesiredbymenofgoodwill,an organisationwhich,respectingthe rightsofGod,willbeable'toassure thereciprocalindependenceofnations bigandsmall,toimposefidelityto agreementsloyallyagreedupon,and tosafeguardthesoundlibertyanddignityofthehumanpersonineachone's effortstowardtheprosperityofall."

CommentingontheeconomicpronouncementsofthePontiff,Mgr.Ryan calledattentiontotheEncyclical"SerturnLaetitiae"ofNovember1,1939, addressedtotheBishopsoftheUnited States,inwhichtheHolyFathersaid, "thegoodswhicharecreatedbyGod forallmenshouldflowinanequitable mannertoall,acordingtotheprinciplesofjusticeandcharity."And inhisChristmasMessageof1941,the Popedeclared:'Withinthelimitsof aneworderfoundedonmoralprinciples,thereisnoplaceforthatcold andcalculatingegoismwhichtendsto hoardtheeconomicresourcesandmaterialsdestinedfortheuseofallto suchanextentthatthenationsless favouredbynaturearenotpermitted accesstothem"

PHONEF2396-0NEQUALITY-THEBEST

FourthCommandment RegulatesFamilyRelationships

HowtheVirtueofPietyisExpressed inLove,ReverenceandObedience

VariousWaysinWhichChildren Transgress

LIMITSTOFILIALOBEDIENCE

ThefirstthreeCommandmentsdeal directlywithourpersonaldutiestowardsGodandtowardspersodsand thingscloselyconnectedwithHim. TheothersevenpreceptsoftheDecalogueregulateourconducttowards ourfellow-menandofthedutieswe owethem.Thisistherightorderof charity:"ThoushaltlovetheLord, thyGod,withthywholeheartandthy wholesoulandwithallthystrength, andthyneighbourasthyself."

Amongpersonalrelationships,those belongingtothefamilycomefirst.No manissufficienttohimself.Heisa gregariousanimalandtendstoassociatewithothersforhisownbetter development.HenceasGodisthe Authorofthissocialinstinct,Heis thefounderofsociety.Andthebasic unitofhumansocietyisthefamily. Sothatitistruethatupontheproper observanceoffamilyobligationsthe goodofthehumanraceprincipallydepends.Andoffamilyrelations,those twhichbindparentsandchildrenareof primaryimportance,anditiswith thesethattheFourthCommandment ofGoddeals.

AlthoughtheCommandmentsspeaks ofthedutieswhichchildren totheirparents,theChurchteaches thatthesedutiesaremutual.Ifa sonmusthonourhisparent,thisis onlyajustexchangefortheloveand carewhichtheparentowestohim.To Godalonedoweoweastrictduty whichcannot-beclaimedasreciprocal. GodowesHiscreaturesnothing,and whateverisgivenisgivenfromthe largesseoflove.

Thereisaspecialduty,beyondordinarycharity,tobepractisedbetweenthoserelatedbyfleshandblood -thevirtueofpiety.Inordinary parlancethisisexpresseda's"affection"or"devotedness."Regarding thespecificdutiesofchildrentowards theirparents,pietyisfulfilledbylofe, reverenceandobedience.Theterm "honour"usedintheCommandment comprisesallthree.

Sincechildrenowetheirlife,under God,totheirparents,theyare-insubjection,andnecessarydependence andreasonalonepromptsanacknowledgmentoftheparents'positionof superioritybyreverenceandsubmission.Naturealsodemandsadutyof lovefromchildreninreturnforthe manyactsofloveandself-sacrificedevolvingonparentsinthebringingup ofchildren.

Therearevarious'waysinwhich childrenmaytransgressagainstthe FourthCommandment.Inthesedays ofuniversaleducationandwideropportunitiesforsecondarycourses,itis notuncommontofinddevelopinga spiritofsnobbishnessamongyoung people.Forgetfulthattheirgreater educationaladvantagesaremainlydue totheirparents'hardworkandthrift, modernsortsanddaughtersmayinclinetocontrast(totheirownadvantage)educationaldifferences.Filial reverenceisweakenedbyanassumptionofsuperiority,bycriticism,backanswering,insolence,andmildcontempt.Aboyinagoodposition(due entirelytohisparents)mayeasilybecomepatronisingonaccountofearningmoremoneythanhisfather,may stooptodomineering,bullying,and, worstofall,patronage.

Thedutieswhichchildrenowetheir parentsdonotderivefromspecial goodqualities!whichthelattermay possess,butsheerlyfromtheirnatural statusofsuperiority.Sowhilethe dutyofobediencemaydiminishwith

increasingage,theobligationofreverencealwaysremains,andhenceitis grievously_sinfulforchildrentospeak veryinsultinglytoparents,tocherish secretandrealcontempt,todisparagethemconstantlyinconversationor publiclytoofferthemflagrantcontempt.Likewiseitisforbiddento cherishjealousyandhatred.

Itisnotusualforchildrentorunto excessinloveofparents,butitwould notberighttomaketoomarkeda differenceinaffectionbetweenonepar- entandanother.Nor,ofcourse, couldanypurelynaturalfamilyaffectionbepermittedtoconflictwiththe dutiesowingtoGod,as,forexample, whenthechildofProtestantparents wishestoembracetheCatholicfaith. OurDivineLordgavespecialwarning ofthisparticularconflict:"Hethat lovethfatherandmothermorethan MeisnotworthyofMe."Noregard forthetiesofrelationshipcouldjus- tifytheleastsinagainsttheCommandmentsofGodortheChurch.

Filiallovealsoobligeschildrento .haveacareforthetemporalwellbeingofparents,theirhealthandreasonablecomfort.Cravingforexcitement,pleasureandchangeoftenbetrayschildrenintoselfishnessandlack ofconsiderationinthisregard.Yet thereisastrictobligationonchildren tocontributetotheirparents'wellbeingaccordingtothecapacityofthe childrenandtheneedoftheparents.

Occasionallyonefindsrevoltingexamplesofcruelselfishness,wherechildreninsteadofhelpingparents,drain theirfinancialresourcesbycontinual exactions,andinflict'severeprivations toenablethemtocontinueinawrong wayoflife.

Childrenshouldalsolooktothe spiritualneedsoftheirparents,especi- allyinoldageandsickness,whenthey cannotprovideforthemselves.This isofspecialimportanceinthematter ofsummoningapriestwhenparents areindangerofdeath.

Inregardtothedutyofobedience, thereisapatentdistinctionbetween notdoingwhatoneisreasonablycommandedandopenlydefyingparental authority.Thislatteramountsto formalcontemptanddisobedience,and ifpersistedinisamortalsin.Many formsofdisobedienceare,however, venial,astheyspringratherfrom dislikeofthethingcommandedrather thanfromcontemptofparents'authority.Evenherethereisanimplieddisregardofauthority,butit wouldnotnormallyconstitutegrave sinunlessthecommandhadbeenseriouslygivenandwasofseriousimportance.Obviouslymanycommandsare notseriouslygivenorgivenatrandom. Inanycase,evenseriousdisobedience maybemitigatedbythenaturalinstabilityofyouth.

Therearealsolimitstoobedience. Noonehasanyobligationtodowhat issinful,noristhesameextentof obediencerequiredfromthosewho haveattainedlegalmajority.Itis obviouslyunwiseforparentstobe over-exactingorstrictinthisregard. Althoughpracticalobediencemayrelax,therecanbenomitigationofreverenceinthought,wordanddeedon thepartofchildren.

Again,parentshavenoabsolutecontroloverthechild'schoiceofastate oflife.Theycannotcompelthemto enterthereligiousormarriedstates, norforbidthem.Inregardtomarriage,childrenareboundatleastto consulttheirparents,butexceptfor reallygraveandjustreasons,parents cannotenforcetheirviewsnorimpose penalties,norarethechildrenbooted toacquiesce.

PresentSacrificesCanEliminate Crash-divesintoMatrimony

Thefinancialproblemwhichactsasa bartoearlymarriagesandoftenjeopardisesthehappinessofmarriageitselfisdiscussedherebyLawrenceJ. Bell,whoreferstohimselfasa'Catholiceconomist."Thesolutionwhich heproposesisonewhichisavailableto allyoungpeople.

One'scontactswithyoung,workingclasscitydwellersmustconvinceone oftwothings:(1)Thereisawidespreadunderstandingthatmarriageis anexpensiveundertakingand(2) thereisabafflingfailuretodomuch aboutit.

Tobesure,therearenotafew youngmenwhowaittoamasssome hundredsofdollarsbeforeturning benedict.Butitislikewisetruethat awholehostofmaidensandmenyentudeuponthenewlifewithnothing morethanthecurrentincomefrom theiremployment,withperhapssome addedsuccourfromtheslenderresourcesofparents.

Oneneednotbeanearth-boundcynic todiscerntheperilinthiscrash-dive approachtomatrimony.Authentic Catholicsmarrywiththestrongprobabilityofafamilytocomeand,whatis more,afamilyofindeterminatesize. Freelytranslated,thismeansthatthe wifewillnotworkoutsidethehome,

S.BEECROFT-Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

OnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold. 'PhoneW1372,

EightyPerCent.ofthePopulation.. AreAfflictedwithSomeFormof SpinalDefect,thatisthecauseofso muchNervousness,Indigestion,Headache,Rheumatism,MentalWeakness, andothergraveanddangerousDiseases.

CONSULTTHEQUALIFIED CHIRpPRACTORatMcLAREN'S CRAMER'S,144WILLIAMSt., PERTH. 'PHONEB2582.

andthatthefamily'ssupportwillbe whateverthehusbandisabletoprovidebyhisearnings.Forthetypical youngmanthisincomewillbevery modestindeedandoneofthecouple's keenestanxietieswillbetheireffort tolivelikeotherpeopleintheirincome-class.

Theircentraldifficultyisnotso muchthefactthattheirincomeis smallbutratherthefactthatmanyof theirneighbourswithincomesnolarger(andsometimesevensmaller)than theirswillhavewhatiscalled"amuch higherstandardofliving,"becausethey willberearingfewerchildren,orperhapsnoneatall.Addedtothisthe couplewillfindinalmostanyneighbourhoodacruelandruthlesspublic opinion,whichhasforyearsbeentrainedanddisciplinedbyashrewdcorps ofadvertisinggeniusestoregarda vastcongeriesofluxuriesasabsolute necessitiesandtocastthemostconsumingscornonthosewhoareunable tosecurethem.Ouryoungcouple willmorethanlikelyfindthemselves inaneighbourhoodwhichwilltakelittlenoticewhetherornottheygoto church,butwilljollywellmaketheir earsburniftheyfailtoliveuptothe prescribedleveloffashion.

Butwhatcantheyoungpeopledo abouttheattitudesofsociety?Well, onethingtheydistinctlyoughtnotto do,istoadoptthem.Thismeans thatthearrangementsoftheirbudget mustbedictatedbytheneedsofa growingfamilyandnotbythelatestedictsofthattyrantFashion.But evenso,ifthefamilyincomeisvery small,thegrowingdemandsuponit cananddoproducedownrightmisery andanatmosphereinwhichtheprospectsofahappy,Christianmarriage growdarkeryearbyyearandperhaps vanishentirely.Whatthen?

Ifthisstateofaffairstypicallyhappenedtobeunavoidable,therewould benopointinmentioningit.But sincethereisfrequentlyawayoutof thedifficulty,ifthedesiretofinditis reallyardent,itisquitetothepoint toseewhatitis.

Attherootofthetroubleisanattitudewhichillfitstheageinwhichwe areliving.Itisanattitudewhich takesitforgrantedthatitisthesole responsibilityoftheyoungmantodo whateversavingisdoneinorderto foundahome.Andiflittleornosavinghasbeendone,thisattitudeassumesthatthehomeshouldbesuch (ex.,athree-roomapartment)asthe manisabletoprovidebyhisearnings alone.

Letmemakeplainrightherethat mychiefobjectiontosuchanoutlook istheharshandneedlessinjustice whichitvisitsuponthefuturewife,as wellasuponherhusbandandthechildrenwhowillbeborntothem.

Duringhersingledays,usuallyspent inthebusinessworldaftersheleaves school,itlullsherintomissing,week byweek,monthbymonth,andyearby year,theirretrievableopportunitiesto dosomethingNOWtohelptodeterminethesortofhomeshewillhave forherownfamilyafewyearslater. Itsewsherupinawebofinertia,as shedriftspassivelyfromdaytoday,

bring,insteadofactingnowtomake reasonablysurethatshewillhavea handinshapingto-morrowratherthan beingcompelledtoacceptitblindly.

Weneedtoestablishacustomand atraditionoffinancialpreparationfor marriage.Itwouldinvolvenothing morethanapolicyofsmall,regular savingsbyeveryboyandeverygirl fromthedaytheygotoworktothe daytheymarry,atwhichtimethesavingsofbothshouldliepooledtofound thenewhome.Thereitaveryspecial reasonwhythemoneyshould,forthe mostpart,bepaiddownonahome, andnotforanythingelse.Itisbecausethelargerthedown-paymenton thehouse,thesmallerwillbethe monthlycarryingchargesforprincipal andinterestduringthelifeofthemortgage.Thissavingistherealequivalentofincreasingthehusband'sfuture earnings.Or,toputitinanother may,theheavydown-paymentreleases forotherpurposesthatpartofthehusband'sincomewhichinfutureyears wouldotherwisehavetobepaidoutin theformofexcesscarryingcharges.In thisway,thecouple'ssavingsaremade toyieldrecurringbenefitsformany year'softheirmarriedlives.

Lestitbechargedthatthispicture istoorosy,itmaybewelltobrush inafewdarkstrokes.Iamwell awarethattheearningsoftheaverage youngperson,thoughhigherinwar thaninpeace,donotgenerallyleave anyvastsurpluswhenyousubstract thecostofnecessitiesandofthoselittleluxurieswhichhelptokeepapersonwhistling.Yetitisahomelyand verifiablefactthatanaveragesaving ofonlytwodollarsaweek,forfive years,wouldgrowtothestatureoffive hundredandtwentydollars,disregardinganyquestionofinterest.Multiply thisbytwopeople,andyouhavea couplewithonethousandandforty dollarstospeedthemontheirway.Is thisnot,formanypeople,amodestand attainableobjective,andaretherenot manywhocoulddoevenbetter?

To-day,evenwithhighandrising taxes,womeninindustryandmenin theservicehaveanexcellentchanceto save,withthedoubleadvantageofpreparingforabetterfutureandofpreventing,now,a'furtherriseincivilian spending,atatimewhensuchspending isatoweringmenacetothegoodorder ofsocietyandtheverywagingofthe war ThechiefobStructiontotheadoptionofthisplanwillbepsychological ratherthanfinancial.Manyagallant swainwouldthinkitunmanlytore-

quireorevenacceptWhatlookslike financialassistancefromhisbride-tobe,especiallysincecustomdoesnot openlysanctionsuchassistanceasyet, althoughthereisplentyofitdone spasmodicallyandundercoverright now.Manyayoungladywouldbe afraidofhavingherintentionsmisunderstood,wereshetosuggestsharing responsibilities.And,finally,thereis astrongobjectiononromanticgrounds, thatmoneytendstoobscuretheissue inmarriageandmighttouchoffawave ofweddingswhichwouldbeacompoundofonepartloveand'twoparts economics.

Allofthisismentionedinsoberrecognitionofthefactthatthisplan kvillnevercometomuchunlessitreceivessomeveryinfluentialbacking. Itwouldprobablyrequirenothingless thanthecombinedadvocacyofthe parishpriestinhispulpit,theparents inthehome,andtheteachersinthe schooltoestablishthisprogrammein thehabitsoftheyoung.Oldenstomsarenoteasilydissolved,andnew oneswillbesuspectevenifonlybecausetheyarenew.ButIdothink thatmostoftheoppositionwouldvanishoncetheplanrevealstheardently Christianspiritwhichemanatesit.It mostcertainlyisnotanattemptto statethemeaningofmarriageinthe pettyidiomofbookkeeping,orto painttheapproachtothatholycalling asamassequilibriumofdebitsand credits.

Ratheritisacalltotheunmarried topreparebysacrificeformarriageto theendthatitwillbehappierthan itwouldotherwisehavebeen.Forthe girlespecially,thiswilllendnew meaningtowhatwouldotherwisebe theunendingmonotonyofbusinessroutine:eachlettershetypes,eachpaper shefiles,eachnumberpastedfrom journaltoledger,willbeasteptoward thegreatday.Itisnotaquestionof whetheronepartyoughttogiveassistancetotheother,Itisjustamatter oftwopeoplewhohavelivedsadplannedtogiveallthattheyare,andtodo allthattheycan,asbefitsthoseto whomhomeandfamilyarethedearest ringsintheworld.

-From"Ameri6a."

WhyPenance?

Owingtothefrailtyofhumannature(whichisonlyadequatelyexplainedbythedoctrineofOriginalSin),thenoblestventurecarriesitsattendantrisks.InthematteroftheLentenobservance,thebenignityoftheChurchinmitigatingtheold"black fast,"wasimperilledbythepossibilitythatCatholicsmightforgettheurgentneedwhichboththeyandtheworldhaveofpenance. TheChurch'saction,itwouldseem,wasmotivatednotsomuch byadesiretomakeconcessionstohumannature(forthatelement remains.substantiallyunchanged,andtheChurchinanycasehas neverpanderedtoitsinstability)astomaintainsomesortof spiritualequilibriumagainsttherapiddecayofsociallife.The collapseofWesterncivilisation,whichhasbeeninprocesssince theReformationandhasreceivedunprecedentedstimulusfrom industrialisation,hasmadetheexternalcircumstancesofmodern lifesufficientlydifficultforthefleshandanunfailingsourceof vexationtothespirit.

* * * *

Itisnotthatwehaveoutgrowntheneedofcorporalausterity; wemustacceptitfromthehandsofmodernsociallife,willy-nilly. Theapplicationofhairshirts,chainsanddisciplineswas,afterall, onamoreorlessoptionalbasis.Themortificationofmodern conditionsareomnipresentandlargelyinevitable;theymight thereforeseempotentiallymeritoriousasapurgeforthespirit. Butinpenanceasinotherquestionsaffectingmoralgoodorevil, itisthewillthatisthedecisivefactor.IfthemodernCatholic cannotaccepttheinflictionsofthemodernagewithjoy,atleast hecanreceivetheminpatience,andwithouttoomuchprotestation_ Inthisconnectionitisinterestingtonotehowfaraheadoftheir timesweretheJesuits.OneofthereasonswhySt.Ignatius Loyolaandhiscompanywerenotcordiallyreceivedbytheolder OrdersinthesixteenthcenturywasbecausetheSaintrefusedto prescribeinhisConstitutionsanyobligatorycorporalausterities.

Notthathissonswereexemptedfromexternalpenance,butit shouldspringfromalivingspiritratherthanaruleandthateveryoneshouldbeenabledtoact,ontheadviceofhisconfessor,accordingtohisspiritualneedandcapacity.ThesuccessofSt.Ignatius' innovationmightperhapshavebeentheprecedentinthemindof theChurchwhenshemitigatedtheoldLentenobservance.

Theold-blackfasts"arestillwithinlivingmemory,asalso theirmodifications.Nowyetfurtherconcessionsaremadetothe faithful.TheChurchhasmitigatedtheseverityoftheLenten fast,butSlithasnot,endcannot,relaxherdemandforthatinner changeofheart,thatregenerationofspiritnecessaryfortheworthyreceptionoftheEasterSacrament.TheholyseasonofLent willtendmoreandmoretoberegardedbytheun-Christianand anti-Christianworldasanoddity.But,atthesametime,itmust beconfessedthatitisaverywidespreadandhomelyoddity, somethingsimilartotheuniversalstrangenessofmenhaving noses.Andindeed,inarationalview,afastisnotmoreoddthan afeast.Itmaywellbethatmenhavemorereason'torepentthan eithertorejoiceorrepine.Themodernworldsneersatthe notionthatamanshouldfastthathissoulmaygrowstrong.yet makesamaudlinfetishoffastingthatthewaistlinemaygrow slenderInmanymatters,andinvaryingformsanddegrees,the modernshavecopiedtheCatholicChurch,butthegulfofdivision isthehugeoneofmotive.Howevertheyappeartoemploythe camemeans,theirendisalmostalwayseitherfutileorfrivolous.

*

Thematteroffastinghas,however,alwaysbeenportionof theChurch'sdisciplinary,asopposedtoherdoctrinalteaching. Henceindifferentplaces,andatdifferentperiods,theLentenregulationshavebeenalteredandmodifiedinorderthatnoone wouldfindthemaninsupportableburden.Butbecausethe Churchhas,inmoderntimes,mitigatedtheseverityoftheold "black"fasts,itdoesnotinanywayindicatethatShehasdepartedfromthespiritualprinciplesthatunderliesuchexternal observances.RatheritsupportsHerconstantdoctrinethatthe spiritismorethantheletter,andso,accordingasexternalrequirementsaremodified,theinternalspiritshouldbemagnified. Onecompletelyreasonableexplanationofthemodernrelaxation oftheLentenfastisthatmodernlifehasgrownsocomplex,hurried,andnerve-rackingthatitbringsitsowncross.Thehairshirthasbeenreplacedbyone'sneighbour'sgramophoneorradio. Still,thestrongspiritofpenancehasnotwanedwithintheChurch. Indeed,inthemidstoftheapparentabsenceofexternalpenance, therehasbeenaremarkablerevivalofascetisminmoderntimes. InsuchlivesasthoseofTeresaHigginson.MattTalbot.Father WilliamDoyle,andmanyothers,havebeendeedsofheroism,such asrivalthemedievalascetics.Andthatthiscananddoesexist withoutastringentexternalobligationisonlyanotherwitnessto

;Center(Regulations

-1944SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

I.AlldaysofLentexceptSundayandHolyDaysofObligation,areclaysofFAST.

2.ByvirtueofthedispensationatpresentenjoyedthroughtheArchdiocese,ASHWEDNESDAYANDGOOD FRIDAY,ANDTHESEDAYSONLY,'aredaysof BOTHFASTANDABSTINENCE.

3:Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyeararebound bythelawoffast.Theyceasetobeboundwhohave beguntheirsixtiethyear.

4.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyeararebound bythelawofAbstinence.

5.ONFASTDAYS,thoseboundtofastareallowedone fullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,they areallowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteightounces andtheotheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykindoffood, ANDHENCEEVENFLESHMEAT(onnon-abstinence days)maybeusedatallthreemeals,providedthatthe limitofeightandtwoorthreeouncesisobservedatthetw'o smallmeals.

6.ONABSTINENCEDAYS,fleshmeatandmeatsoups areforbidden.Lardanddripping,however,mayheused, butmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

7.Thosewhoareindelicatehealth,orwhoareengagedin exhaustingwork.arenotboundtofast.

8.TheLentenFastceasesatnoononHolySaturday

-01);4-ineurge/yuttAtiter-, ArchbishopofPerth.

PRIESTS'CONFERENCE.

TheQuarterlyConferenceofthe PriestsoftheMetropolitanAreawill beheldattheChapterHall,Victoria Square,onFriday,March3,at10a.m. CONFIRMATIONOFADULTS.

HisGracetheArchbishopwilladministertheSacramentofConfirmation toadultsinSt.Mary'sCathedralon Friday,March3,at7p.m.Intending candidatesarerequestedtoinform theAdministrator(VeryRev.E.Kennedy)notlaterthanThursday,March 2.CandidatesfromoutsidetheCathedralParishwillberequestedtofurnishlettersfromtheirownparish priests.

DOUAYBIBLE

Douayisthenameofatownin France,notthenameofapriest,as somemightthink.WhentheProtestantReformationsweptEngland, Catholicyoungmenwhowantedtobecomepriestscouldnolongerstudyin England,andanEnglishCollegewas establishedatDouay,inFrance,where theycouldprepareforthepriesthood withoutfearofpersecution.TheprofessorsatthisCollegeofDouay,in ordertocorrectthemanywrongtranslationsoftheBiblepublishedbythe Protestantreformers,decidedtopublishatrueEnglishtranslation.In 1582theypublishedtheNewTestamentinEnglish;andin1610theOld Testament.TheCatholicprofessors whomadethisEnglishtranslationat Douay(lateratRheims)werefive Oxfordscholar'snamedWilliamAllen, GregoryMartin,RichardBristoe, ThomasWorthington,andJohnReynolds.In1750theirVersionwasrevisedandpublishedinmoremodern EnglishbyBishopChalloner,andthis istheDouayBibleaswehaveitto-

Broadcastsbythe A.B.C.fromCatholic ChurchesDuring1944

FIRSTSUNDAYOFTHEMONTH ATST.MARY'SCATHEDRAL.

OnSunday,March5,theMIssaCantataat11o'clockwillasusualbe broadcastfromtheCathedral.The preacherwillbetheRev.FatherA. Lynch.BeingthesecondSundayof Lent,theorganwillbesilent.The choir,underthedirectionofFather Lynch,willsingthepolyphonicMass, "DixitMaria,"byHassler,aXVIth. centurycomposer.AttheOffertory theantiphone,"AveReginaCoelorum," bySuriano(XVIIth,century)willbe sung.TheProperoftheMasswillbe sungtoafaubourdonbyDr.C.Edgar Ford.

EveningDevotionswillbebroadcast fromSt.Patrick'sChurch,Fremantle, onSundayevening,March19,at7.30 p.m.Thechoirwillbeprovidedby St.Joseph'sHighSchoolandthe Parry-streetParochialSchool.

ST.MARY'SCATHEDRAL.

CURTINSERMON&

Rev.D.Breslin,O.M.I.,willPreach thefollowingcourseofspecialLenten SermonsinSt.Mary'sCathedral,commencingontheFirstSundayofLent: Jaws,OwGod. JawOurNod& how,OwSaviour. how,OisrTrioad. SaukOQSiapplaoso. hasandMay.

ArthurAaronTenthCatholic toWinV.C.

"Devotiontodutywhichhasseldom beenequalledandneversurpassed"

Flight-SergeantArthurLoutsAaron, (whoinwinningtheVictoriaCross"set anexampletodutywhichhasseldom beenequalledandneversurpassed,"is thetenthCatholictobeawardedthe Cross,

HismotherisofSwissoriginanda Catholic;hisfatherisanon-Catholic. TheirsonusedtoattendMassinthe churchnearhisbomberstation.

Flight-SergeantAaron,the77th.V.C. ofthiswar,diedninehoursafter bringinghiscrippledplanesafelyto anAlliedairfield.OnlythreeCatholicV.C'shavesurvivedtheiractsof gallantrytoreceivetheCrossfrom theKing-MajorErvine-Andrew's, CommanderMiers,andSergeantKenneally.TheotherswereFlyingOfficerGarland,LeadingSeamanJack Mantle,CaptainFogartyFegen,LieutenantCommanderEsmonde,Captain J.J.Jackman,andPrivateWakenshe

Theofficialcitationsaysthatwhen Flight-SergeantAaron'sbomber-of whichhewascaptainandpilot-was approachingTurin,abulletfroman enemytighterstruckhimintheface, breakinghisjawandtearingaway partofhisface.Hewasalsowoundedinthelungandhisrightarmwas rendereduseless,

Unabletospeak,heurgedthebombaimerbysignstotakeoverthecontrols.Coursewassetsouthwardsin anendeavourtoreachSicilyorNorth Africa.

Afterbeingtreatedwithmorphia andresting,Flight-SergeantAaronralliedand,"mindfulofhisresponsibility ascaptain,"returnedtothepilot's cockpit,wherehewasliftedintohis seatandhadhisfeetplacedonthe rudderbar.

"Twicehemadedeterminedattemptstotakecontrolandholdthe aircrafttoitscourse,buthisweaknesswasevident,andwithdifficultyhe waspersuadedtodesist.Thoughin greatpainandsufferingfromex: greatpainandsufferingfromexhaustion,hecontinuedtohelpby writingdirectionswithhislefthand.

"Fivehoursafterleavingthetarget thepetrolbegantorunlow,butsoon afterwardstheflarepathatFloneairfieldwassighted.

'Flight-SergeantAaronsummoned hisfailingstrengthtodirectthebomb aimerinthehazardoustaskoflanding thedamagedaircraftinthedarkness, withunder-carriageretracted.Four attemptsweremadeunderhisdirection;atthefifthFlight-Sergeant Aaronwassoneartocollapsingthat hehadtoberestrainedbythecrew, andthelandingwascompletedbythe bombaimer.

"NinehoursafterlandingFlightSergeantAarondiedfromexhaustion.

"Hadhebeencontent,whengrievouslywounded,toliestillandconservehisfailingstrength,hewould probablyhsverecovered,buthesawit ashisdutytoexerthimselftotheutmost,ifnecessarywithhislastbreath, tomin*thathisaircraftandcrew didnotfallintoenemyhands.

"Inappallingconditionsheshowed thegreatestqualitiesofcourage,determinationandleadership,andthough

QUARANT'ORE

Sunday.

FEBRUARY.

4th-000LOARDIE:OneDayof Exposition.

MARCH.

lst-KONDININ:OneDayofExposition.

2nd.-NORSZMA.N:OneDayofExposition.

3rd.--4317.1BLA00: FortyHours Prayer(17th.-l8th.), 4th.--MIDIANDJUNCTION:Forty

Living.Withthe Church

Sunday,February27:

FirstSundayinLent.MassProper withouttheGloria.2nd.Prayer"A cunctis";3rd.Prayer"Omnipetent." Creed.PrefaceofLent.

Monday,February28:

woundedanddying,hesetanexample ofdevotiontodutywhichhasseldom beenequalledandneversurpassed."

ArthurAaron,thefirstLeedsmanto beawardedtheV,C.inthiswar,joined theVolunteerReserveoftheR.A.P.in 1941attheageof19andwentto Texas,wherehewonhiswings.

Atthetimeofhisdeathhehadcompleted19operationalflights.

HewontheD.F.M.afewweeksbeforehisdeathforpressinghomeanattackwhenafirewasstartedtothe rearofthebombdoorsofhisaircraft.

HewaseducatedatRoundhayHigh School,from'whichhemovedtothe architecturalsectionoftheLeedsCollegeofArt.Hewasdescribedbythe headoftheschoolas"amostpromisingstudentandonewhomIthink wouldhavebeenanoutstandingarchitecthadhelived."

Flight-SergeantAaronhaysonebrother,Frank,adoctorattheLeeds Women'sHospital.

AirMarshalSirArthurHarris,Chief ofBomberCommand,inapersonal lettertoAaron'sfather,says:"Inmy opinion,never,evenintheannalsof theRAFhastheV.C.beenawarded f,rskill,determinationandcouragein thefaceoftheenemyofahigherorder thanthatdisplayedbyyoursononhis latestflight."

ACatholicchaplainofficiatedatthe funeralinNorthAfrica.Flight-SergeantAaron,anenthusiasticclimber, ?wasburiedatthefootcftheAtlas Mountains.

NewBishopof Christchurch,N.Z.

RIGHTREV.MGR.ORMOND APPOINTED.

RightRev.Mgr.WilliamJoseph Ormond,parishpriestforthepastfourteenyearsofSt.Benedict'sparish, Auckland,NewZealand,hasbeenappointerBishopofChristchurch,insuccessiontothelateMostRev.M.J. Brodie,whbdiedlastyear, Mgr.Ormond'wasfrom1914to1921 secretarytotheApostolicDelegation, whichintheformeryearwasestablishedinSydneywiththelateCardinal CerettiasApostolicDelegate. NewZealander.

BornatWestport,inthedioceseof Wellington,thenewBishopwentto Irelandin1897forhis'prelimnarystudiesforthepriesthood.AfterattendingThurlesCollegeforfiveyearsfor hisadvancedstudies,heattendedthe CollegeofPropagandainRomeand wasordainedthereinSt.JohnLateranbyCardinal-Gattiin1908,Onhis returntotheDominionhewasappointedcuratetotheparishofGisborne,wherehehadchargeofthe TolagaBayandTokomarudistricts.

OneyearlaterhewenttoSt.Patrick's Cathedral,Auckland,ascurate,where heremainedthreeyears.Aftera yearaslocumtenensatEllerslie,he returnedtotheCathedral,andin1914 wasappointedsecretarytotheApostolicDelegation.

DomesticPrelate.

Resigningthispostin1921,hereturnedtoNewZeaalnd,andbecame AdministratorofSt.Benedict'sunder BishopListon,whowasthenCoadjutor-BishopofAuckland.In1930he becameparishpriestatSt.Benedict's. ThenewBishopwasappointedPapal Chamberlainin1915,andwasmadea DomesticPrelateofthe.Popein1935.

ThirdBishop.

ThenewBishopisthethirdtooccupytheSeeofChristchurch,which, formerlypartoftheWellingtondiocese,wasestablishedin1887.Thefirst BishopwasMostRev.J.J.Grimes, S.M.,whoin1915wassucceededby RevMBrodie.

tOe

cArcObiocese

St.GabrielofOurLadyofSorrows, Confessor.MassProper.2nd.Prayer oftheFeria,Tract.Prefaceof Lent.LastGospeloftheFeria. OR

MassoftheFeriawithouttheGloria. 2nd.PrayerofSt.Gabriel.Preface ofLent.Prayeroverthepeople.

Tuesday,February29:

MassProperwithouttheGloria. 2nd.Prayer"Acunctis";3rd.Prayer "Omnipotens."PrefaceofLent. Prayeroverthepeople.

Wednesday,March1: QuarterTense.MassProper.After theKyriehasbeensaidatthemiddleofthealtar,thepriestreturnsto thehookandhavingsaid,"Oremus, Flectamus,"etc.,theprayersandthe LessonwiththeGradual,hereturns tothemiddlewhere,omittingthe Gloria,hesays"Domino'svobiscurn"andtherestintheusualway. 2nd.Prayer"Acunctis":3rd.Prayer "Omnipotens."PrefaceofLent. Prayeroverthepeople.

Thursday,March2:

MassProperwithouttheGloria.2nd. Prayer"Acunctis."3rd.Prayer "Omnipotens:"4th.Prayerforthe Pope(anniversaryofthecreationof PopePiusXII).PrefareofLent. Prayeroverthepeople.

Friday,March3: QuarterTense.MassProper,withouttheGloria.2nd.Prayer"A cunctis;"3rd.Prayer"Omnipetens." PrifaceofLent.Prayeroverthe people.

Saturday,March4: QuarterTense.St.Casimir,Confessor.Mass"'Osjusti."1st.PrayeroftheProper.2nd.Prayerof

ARCHBISHOP'SZEGAGEMENTS.

March3:

10a.m.:PresideatQuarterlyConferenceoftheClergyattheChapter Hall,VictoriaSquare.

7p.m.:ConfirmationofAdultsatSt. Mary'sCathedral.

March12:

7,30p.m.:ConfirmationandCanonical VisitationatQueenofMartyrs' Church,Maylands.

March17:

9.30am.:PresideatSolemnHigh MassatSt.Mary'sCathedral,onthe occasionofthecelebrationofthe FeastofSt.Patrick.

March19:

ConfirmationandCanonicalVisitationatSt,Brigid'sChurch,Collie.

March26:

ConfirmationandCanonicalVisitationattheChurchoftheAssumption,Donnybrook.

theSaturday.3rd.PrayerofSt. Lucius,PopeandMartyr.Tract. PrefaceofLent.LastGospelofthe Saturday.

OR

MassoftheSaturday.HavingrecitedtheKyrieinthecentre,the priestreturnstothebookandsays fiveprayers,LessonandGradual. Thengoingbacktothecentrehe says"Dominusvobiscum";no Gloria,andtherestasusual.2nd, srPrayerofSt.Casimir;8rd.Prayerof St.Licius.PrefaceofLent.Prayer overthepeople.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

TennisDay.

Theusualmonthlytennisdaywillbe heldonSundayafternoon,27th.inst., atRobertsonPark.Therewasa fairlygoodattendanceatthelasttennisday;butthereisalwaysroomfor improvement,andnowthatallholidaysareoverandeveryoneisbackto normalworkagain,wearehopingto seeamuchlargergatheringofour member's.

AnnualMeeting.

TheannualmeetingoftheAssociationwillbeheldintheAssociation Rooms,BactonHouse,Hay-street, Perth,onFriday,March3,at8p.m. Allmembersareaskedtocomealong tothismeetingandsomakeitasuccess,aspreviousannualmeetingshave alwaysbeenwellattended.Followingthemeeting,asocialwillbeheld andmemberscanbeassuredofanexcellentsupper,becauseMissesSlattery andArnoldhavechargeofthatsection,andIcanassureyoutheyknow howtoputonagoodsupper.So don'tforgetFridayevening,March3. Bookitnowfortheannualmeeting andsocial.Ifyouknowofanyother youngpeopleinyourparishwhoare interestedintennis,bringthemalong withyou.Clubsecretariesareremindedthatnominationsforofficebearersmustbeinthehandsofthe secretaryonorbeforeMonday,February28.Submitasmanynominations asyoulike,becausetheAssociation wouldwelcometheopportunityto givesomeoftheyoungermembersthe chancetoseewhattheycando.Remembernow,Friday,March3,Bacton House,8p.m.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Make aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.

TennisBalla.

Furthertonoteswhichappearedin "TheRecord"recentlyrethetennis ballposition.Uptodatetherehas beenverylittleresponsetotheappeal forclubstosendintheiroldtennis balls;butIhopethatbeforelongall theclubswillhavedonealltheypossiblycantoassistinthismatter.It isallforthegoodofyourownclub, so,members,pleasegiveyourassistanceandthereforehelpyourclubto getsuppliesofnewtennisballs.

Personal,

IwishtoextendonbehalfoftheAssociationourdeepestsympathyto DaveMcGillivray,ontherecentsad bereavementofhismother.R.I.P.

Ialsoextenddeepestsympathyto theMolloyfamilyintherecentsad lossoftheirson,Andy,whowaskilled onactiveservice.AndywasaprominentmemberoftheAssociationprior toenlisting.R.I.P.

CongratulationsareextendedtoMr. andMrs.JoeEdwards,junr.,onthe arrivalofason.

Thoughnothingofficialhasbeenreceivedasyet,IunderstandthatSt. Patrick's,atFremantle,haveanew secretary.MissRoss.Congratulations,MissRoss,andiwewishyouall thebestandhopeyouwillnotfind thejobtoobig.

CENTRALCATHO.

LICLIBRARY

36PIERSTREET,PERTH. SUBSCRIPTIONRATES. Metropolitan.

12Months:Onebook,10s.twobooks, 12s8d:threebooks,£1;fourbooks,£1 7s8d.

Country.

12Months:Threebooks,£115s;four books,125s.;fivebooks,f210s.

Wepayfreightonbookstothesubscriber.

OurCatholicSchoolsandColleges

ONEOFTHEASSOCIATEDPUBLIC'SCHOOLS.OFWA.

AQUINASCOLLEGE

TELEPHONE:MI11520. FORBOARDERSANDDAYSTUDENTS. BOYSADMITTEDFROM7UPWARDS.

BeautifullySituated,overlookingtheriver,nearthenewCanningBridge. ForParticularsapplyto-ThePrincipal,AquinasCollege,CanningParade,Mt.Henry

SACREDHEARTHIGHSCHOOL

HIGHGATE-PERTH.

(CONDUCTEDBYTHESISTERSNOTREDAMEDESMISSIONS). BOARDINGANDDAYSCHOOLFORGIRLS. PUPILSPREPAREDALLEXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORISCHOOLFORYOUNGCHILDREN.

ForProspectusapply'Phone:B3810. REV.MOTHERPRIORESS.

LoretoConvent"Gsbome"-Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmoderntinesinallbranches ofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingPoolinRiver.Telephone:F2135. Apply- MOTHERSUPERIOR.

ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE

NEWNORCIA CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS. Catholicboys,recommendedbytheirParishPriest,maybeenrolled nowforcommencementin1043.Earlieracceptanceis,unfortunately,impossible.

ForParticularsApplyto-THEBROTHERDIRECTOR.

INTERNATIONALFISHERIES

FRESHFISHTWICEDAILY. 131BARRACKSTREET. DELIVERIESANYWHERE. PHONEB2974

SupplierstoHospitals,EducationalandReligiousIr:citutions, WEARETHEOLDESTANDLARGESTFISHDISTRIBUTORSIN WESTERNAUSTRALIA. TRRIRROUTEDPOULTRY.

(11)

Catholic Girls'Movement

HEADQUARTERSANDCLUB ROOMS:

BankofN.S.W.Chambers,66St. George'sTerrace(nearSherwoodCourt)-Rooms:7.10FirstFloor.

CALENDAROFACTIVITIES.

MASS:8a.m.Exposition.Benediction,545p.m.,Thursday.

SliORTHAND:MondayandFriday, 5.15-620p.m.;TuesdayandFriday, 7--8p.m.

E,S.C.:8p.m.,Monday.

DANCE:WinnieWright's,Wednesdays,8p.m.

NURSES'PRAESIDIUM:8p.m., Tuesday.

CHOIR:8p.m.,Thursday.

ORCHESTRA:Friday,8p.m.

BRAILLE:Wednesday,8p.m.

LITURGY:Monday,8p.m.

DRESSMAKING:Wednesdays,7-9.30 p.m.

DANCINGCLASS:Monday,inCathedralHall,at8.30p.m.

EXPOSITION.

MassiscelehratedintheChapel everyThur,,clayat8a.m.,andExpositionoftheBlessedSacramentcontinuesduringthedayuntilBenedictionat5.54.Wearemostanxious thatasmanyofthegirlsaspossible andtheirfriendswillcomeupduring theday,particularlybetween9and11 a.m.

CANTEENSERVICE. L.B.A.Group.

TownHall:February26.

PhyllisDean:March16.

TownHall:March22. C.G.M.Group.

PhyllisDean:March5.

TownHall:March13.

Important:Undernocircumstances willagirlbeadmittedwithouta badge.GirlsattendingonSunday areaskedtobethereat2p.m.

NATIONALFITNESSCOURSE.

ALeaders'courseinNationalFitiessisduetocommenceattheNationalFitnesscentre,William-street, onFriday,March1. Thefirstnight willcomprisealecture,andfromthen onwardsaclasswillbeheldforwomen onWednesdaynightsfrom6to9p.m. Girlswillbetrainedthoroughly,and thecoursewillincludeclubmanagement,games,etc.Aswearevery anxioustoholda"KeepFit"class ngb8 lvesiqt hAv8 ftba

gearfut1,3urtfailig,Lted Itabltp,e ers.Wouldanyonewhoisinterestedinthecourse,andfeelsthatthey wouldliketoattendtheclasses,call intotheClubRooms4ndseeMolly Lalor,whowillbegladtogiveyou anyfurtherdetails.

SHORTHANDCLASSES,

Listen,girls,Iamlettingyouintoa secret.Afterthewarthosegirlswith aknowledgeofshorthandwillbegiven firstpreferenceineveryinstancewhen applyingforaposition.Soifyou wishtofurtheryourselfnow,aswell asinthepostwarperiod,whynotkeep intouchwithyourshorthandbycomingalongtoourclasses.Theyare heldonMondayfrom5.15to820p.m., Tuesday7to8p.m.,andFriday,5to 8p.m.Youcancomeinanytimeup to7p.m.onFridaynight.

BASKETBALL.

Ameetingforthecaptainsofthe teamswillbeheldonTuesday,February29,at8.15intheClubRooms.All arerequestedtoattend.

LUNCHTIMETALES.

OnTuesday,February29,Moira Howardwillgiveatalkon"Penicillin."Girlsareaskedtobeinthe lunchroomby1.15,inordertoavoid

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

By"Ace,"

OnSaturdaylastourathleticteam camesecondattheMetropolitanBoys' Clubs'SportsAssociationmeeting.Our hopesofrepeatingthevictoryofthe previousweekweredisappointed owingtotheunavoidableabsenceof somemembersofourteam.Inthese circumstanceswehavetocongratulatetheboysallthemoreheartilyfor theirverycreditableperformances. 'thecricketmatchtobeplayedbe. tweentheS.C.Y.M.S.andtheEureka YouthLeagueonSaturdaywasforfeitedbytheEurekayouthsinfavour oftheS.C.Y.M.S.

OnFridaynight,undertheauspices oftheBoys'ClubsSportsAssociation, aswimmingcarnivalwasheldat CrawleyBaths,Itwasanidealnight forswimming,andtheeventswereenjoyedbyboththecompetitorsandthe largecrowdofspectators.Ourown ladsdidtheirbest,securedseveral places,andwonanumberofpoints fortheclub.

LestWeForget.

Membersareaskedtorememberto praysometimesforthoseoldboysof theS.C.Y.M.S.whoarenowawaywith thefightingforces,enduringharlships inthefiringline,orwhohave'sacrificedtheirlivesfortheircountry.This issomethingthatrecommendsitselfto all,andneedsnofurtherstressing.

Correction.

Weregretthatthe'nameofBrian Ryanwasgivenlastweekasoneof thenewlyappointedcomrpitteemen.

WemeantBrianHandley.

Personal,

OnMonday,February14,LeoHickey,whohasbeenpostedoverseas withtheR.A.A.F.,waspresentatour meeting.Leowasanenthusiastic memberoftheClubforyearsandhelpedtosetourpresenthighstandardof athletics.Whenonleavehecould alwaysfindtimetobeatourentertainments.Wearesorrythatyou havetoleaveus,Leo,andourprayer's andgoodwishesgowithyou.

WegladlywelcomeGeorgeMcGuinnessbackagain.Hissojourninthe countryhasnotlessenedhisinterestin theClub.

AsnewmemberswewelcomeBob FennandBobMiller.

BRAILLE.

ThegeneralmeetingforallgirlsinterestedinworkfortheBlind,which wastohavebeenheldonFebruary22, wasunavoidablypostponed,andwill nowbeheldonTuesday,February29, at8p.m.,intheClubRooms.

DRESSMAKINGCLASSES.

Girlswhoputtheirnamesonthe listforthepresentcourseofdressmakingareaskedtoattendregularly. Thereareacertainnumberoflessons toacourse,andwhenthepresent seriesisended,anewlotofpupilswill wanttostartlearning.

PICNICAFTERNOON,

OnSunday,March19,thegirlsofSt. Joseph'sOrphanagearegoingtobethe guestsoftheC.G.M.atapicnicsports afternoon.Wewanttosnakethis afternoonabigsuccessforthekiddies, sopleasecallandletusknowhow manyofyouwillbeabletoattend. Watch"TheRecord"forfurtherdetails.

DANCINGCLASSES.

Itwon'tbelongnowuntilitiscold enoughtomakeyouthinklonginglyof thedances,butyouwon'tenjoythem halfaswellasyoucouldifyoucan't dance.ThebestwaytolearnistoattendtheC.G.M.classesonMondayat 8.30p.mintheCathedralHall.

ForinformationregardingtheCatho. licGirls'Movement,kindlyringB4536, orcallinattheClubRoomsanyweek dayafter10a.m.

J.NEILSON,Optician

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A.

ReligioninPrisonCamps...

ReportsreceivedbytheAmerican RedCrossofficialswhohavebeenpermittedtovisitprisonerofwarcamps whereAmericansareheldinGermany, ItalyandJapan,containinformation ofreligiousservicesintheAxisinternmentcamps.

AtoneGermancampitwasfound therewasnoEnglish-speakingchaplain.Attheinspector's,request,itwas agreedthatCatholicsmightattendthe Frenchservicesinthecampchapel. Atanothertheinspectorwasadvised thattherewasnourgentneedfora Catholicchaplainsincetherewere,in May,seventy-eightCatholicsamongthe Americanprisonersofwarthere."It wasfurtherstated,"theRedCrosssaid, "thattheGermanHighCommand wouldbeaskedtoattendtothismatter,withthealternativethatpossibly oneoftheinternedmissionariesmight bedesignatedifnochaplainwere available."

AtaGermanmilitaryhospital,it wasreportedthat"thepadrefromthe ReserveLazaretEgendorfvisitsonce amonth."Atanotheritwasreportedthattherewasa"padreatthecamp andthereligiousactivitywasadequate,""AFrenchCatholicusedto sayMassthere,"thereportadded, "buthehasnotcomeinthepastfour months.Thequestionwasraisedasto WhyBritishmedicalofficerswereable tocareforFrenchprisoners,butthe

Frenchpadrewasnotpermittedtosay MassfortheBritishinLatin.Itwas agreedthatthisshouldbetakenup withtheGermanHighCommand."

AttwoworkcampsinGermanyit wasstatedthattheprisonersofwar "hadnotyetbeenvisitedbyapadre, butthattheprotectingPowerknew ofanAmericanpadreinaninternment campwhohadappliedfortransferto anotherinternmentcampfromwhich hewouldbeabletopayregularvisits totheworkcamps."

ThereportononecampinItalystatedthattherewasanItalianpriest "whospeaksEnglishandtakescareof theCatholics,"Atanotheritwas statedthatthereweretwochaplains,a PresbyterianandoneoftheChurchof England.

Concerningtheprisonerofwar campsmaintainedbytheJapanese,the RedCrossofficialsreportedonecamp wheretheonlyreligiousservicethere wastheCatholicservice;another wherenoreligiousserviceswerebeing held:anotherwhere"Catholicswere permittedtoassistatMasseveryday." Stillanotherhad"churchserviceson Sundays;"anotherhad"serviceson Sundaysandontheinternees'national holidays,"andanotherhad"church servicesonSundays,bothChurchof EnglandandRomanCatholics"and "funeralservicesareheldinthepresenceofaJapaneseArmyofficer."

CompulsoryUnionism

Itiscertainlynotinaccordancewith Catholicsocialprinciplesthatany manshouldbecompelledtojoinany givenunion,orworkatanygiven ade.Thechoiceofoccupationinlife isapersonalandindividualright.But iftheworkersinsomegiventrade haveformedaunion,astheyhavea righttodo,thentheyhavetheright todemandthatallwhodesiretoadopt thattradeshouldjointheunion.Trade unionsarelawfulasameansofsafeguardingtherightsofworkingmen. Buttheycouldnotbeasuccessful means,ifanyconsiderablebodyofthe mendidnotjointhem.Employers realisethat,andmaintaintheirright toemploynon-unionlabour,notinthe interestsoftheworkers,butprecisely becausetheworkerscannotdefend theirowninterestsunlesstheyare united.

Thereforeunionistshavetherightto refusetoworkwithnon-unionmen,if theexistenceandefficacyoftheunion demand;suchmeasures.Forfreeand independentworkerscouldbeusedto breakuplawfultradeunions,orto defeattheirpurposes.Therearetwo possibleexceptionstothisrule,however.OneI.,whereagreatergeneral good'isatstake.Forexample,in timeofwar,whentheveryexistence ofacountryisinjeopardy,workers havenorighttoputthegoodofthe unionbeforethegoodofthecountry; andtheyshouldwaittillmorenormal timestovindicatetheirprivileges,if thesuggestedmeasurescoulddoseriousharmtothewholecommunity. Secondly,eveninnormaltimes,unionistswouldnothavetherighttoexlodenon-imi,nists:romworkingina

M1158

Telephones-L1460 MEAD,SON&CO. FUNERALDIRECTOR&

giventrade,unlesstheygiveevery facilitytoqualifiedmentojointhe union.Iftheymadeittoodifficult fornewmemberstojointheunion, theywouldbeguiltyofcreatinga monopoly,andviolatingthenatural righttoworkpossessedbyothers.

Compulsoryunionismcouldbejustified,firstly,onthegroundthateven therighttoworkhassocialimplications.Everyworkerowesthe'social dutytohisfellowworkerstojoinwith theminlawfulmeasurestosecuretheir rights.Secondly,theindividual workerwhorefusestojoinaunion mustrememberthatheisenjoyingconditionsmadepossibleonlybytheorganisedunions.Itisbyunionactivityoveralongperiodofyearsthat theconditionoftheworkershasbeen improved,hoursmadereasonable,and wagesjust.Itwasbecauseunorganisedworkerswerepowerlesstosecure fromindustrydecentworkingconditionsthattheunionscameintoexistence:anditwasonlybycollective bargainingthatsomesemblanceofjusticewasobtained.Toenjoyprivileges othershavemadepossiblebytheir contributionstothecommonfundsof theunions,andtimeandworkdevoted totheirinterests,yettocontribute nothingtowardsthecontinuedinfluenceoftheunionsoneselfisnotjust.

Butconsiderthefollowingquestions: Whyshouldaworkerbecompelledto payexorbitantinitiationfees,andunlustexactionsasregularcontributions, orjoinanyunionwhichCommunists areusingfortheadvancingoftheir owncauseinAustralia?

Heshouldnotbecompelledtodo anyofthesethings.Buttheexaction ofexorbitantfees,andtheundueinfluenceofCommunists,areabuses which'donotnecessarilyrendercompulsoryunionismwrong.Theseabuses can,andshould,beremediedfrom withintheunionbythemembers themselves.Aboveall,iftheCommunistsadmitthepowerofaunion bytheirveryeffortstogaincontrolof it,otherandbetter-balancedworkers shouldbeallthemoredeterminedthat theywon't.Thisdemandsjoining theunion,andtakinganactiveinterest initsadministration,ratherthanabstaningfromdoingso,tryingtocarry onasanon-unionist,andleavingthe uniontobewhite-antedbytheCommunists.

HolySeasonofLent.

CommencingonAshWednesday evening,StationsoftheCrosswillbe heldoneveryWednesday,Fridayand SundayeveningduringtheLentenseasonat7.30p.m.HolyMassisoffered dailyat7a.m.,xeceptonSaturdays. YoungChristianWorkers'Association. TheladsareholdingasocialatSt. Mary'sHallonSaturdayevening,February26.Therewillbevariousindoorgames,competitionsandalsocommunitysinging.Thoseinterestedare cordiallyinvitedtoattend.

GoldfieldsMen'sAnnualGeneralCommunion.

Thisgreatannualmanifestatibnof FaithwillbeheldonthesecondSundayofMarch(12th.),atSt.Mary's, Kalgoorlie,andatAllHallows,Boulder.TheannualCommunionbreakfastwillbeheldatBoulderimmediatelyafterMass.TransportforKalgoorliemenisbeingarranged,andit ishopedalargenumberwillbepresent.Ticketsforthebreakfastare nowavailablefromLaurieMaxwell, secretary.

Persona

SouthPerthvisitorsincludeMr.and Mrs.AlanMcLernonandJill,who havebeenspendingashortholidayin Kalgoorlie:andMr.Murphy,onhis periodicalbusinessvisit.

Mr.LionelElliott,ofMt.Latwley,is spendingseveralweeksonthe'Fields.

SympathyisextendedtoMr,and Mrs.D.HannanandMr.andMrs.Jack Hannan,inthesadlosstheysustainedduringtheweekwhentheirsonand brother,respectively,passedawayat Fremantle.R.I.P.

HA.C.B.S,QuarterlyCommunion.

Atthelastmeetingofthesociety attentionwasdrawittothefactthat thequarterlyCommunionofmembers wouldbeheldinSt.Mary'sonSunday,February27.Afullattendance isexpected.

ItwasdecidedtoaccepttheinvitationoftheMetropolitanSocialCounciltojoininacardcompetition amongstallbranchesintheState. Bridgeoreuchre,orboth,willbe playedonMarch13and27,afterthe meetings.Allmembersandtheir wivesorhusbandsareeligibleonpaymentofasmallentrancefee(6c1).We hopeallwillenterwhopossiblycan.

HolyNameSociety.

GoldfieldsCatholicmenareremindedthattheannualCommunionbreakfastwillbeheldthisyearattheBoulderConventSchoolHallonSunday, March12. Arrangementsareinthe handsofthemembersoftheAllHallows'BranchoftheHolyNameSociety,andeverythingisbenigdoneto maketheeventasuccess.Thecommitteedesiresthatticketsbepurchasedasearlyatpossible,sothatcateringrequirementsmaybeknown.It shouldberememberedthatallCatholicemenareinvitedtobepresent, whethermembersoftheHolyName Societyornot.

ChurchSodalities.

RecentlytheRev.FatherCarmody appealedtoallparishionerstobecome membersofoneorotherofthevarious societiestowhichtheyareelegibleto belong.Whilst,hestated,eachSocietyhaditsownparticularaimorobject,allencouragedthefrequentreceptionoftheSacraments,whichwas initselfmostcommendable.Heespeciallydesiredthatallshouldjoin therecentlyformedbranchofthe People'sEucharisticLeague.

Social

ArecentmarriageofinteresttoparishionerswasthatcontractedatAll Hallows'Church,Boulder,between MisqKathleenKenneallyandMr.Jack Erbe.

Includedinthosehomeonleave fromNewGuineaarePte.Bill(Sandy) LowryandPte.JackMonoghan.Also spendingleaveinBoulderisbetide Sharkey(R.A.N.),andPte.Valmae Teahan(A.W.A.S.).

MissRomaSommersleavesshortly forawell-earnedholidayatthecoast, CongrattulationstoteachersandstudentsoftheSt.Joseph'sConvent, Boulder,ontheexcellentresultsobtainedattherecentUniversityexaminations.

HelpusbuildupagreatOltildrues Library.Don'tletthegfiverfisheat uppagesofthatcharmingstorybook youhavefinishedwith.Senditin totheCentralCatholicLibrary, Pier-street,Perth.

RebellionAgainstGodRecoils onMen WarSeenasaJudgement AgainstPride

Warrankswithallothertrialsand sufferings,sorrowsanddisasters,that havecomeuponbothindividualsand nationsthroughthecourseofhistory. RebellionagainstGodmeansdisorder; andwhenmendorebelagainstGod, theydeservethatthedisordershould recoiluponthemselves.Now,there isnodoubtthatourso-calledChristian civilisationhasbeenemancipatingitselffromGodtoanever-increasingdegreeduringthelastthreecenturies. SecularismunderminedChristianfaith andreligioninEngland,Italy,Germany,Frence,Austria,America,Australia,Russia,andinmanyother quartersofChristendom.Knowledge andinventionswenttocivilisedman's head.Hewasfilledwithconceit.He deniedhissinfulpropensities,hisconditionofdependenceonGod,hisneedof forgivenessandgrace.Hethoughthe couldmanagewithoutGod.AndI havenodoubtthatthepresentdisas-

F.HUFNER

29MABELST,NORTIIPERTH TUNESANDREPAIRSPIANOS ANDORGANS. 'PhoneB5824.

Wm.A.YOUNG

FAMILYBUTCHER. CornerJOHN&FITZGERALD STREETS,PERTH. FORQUALITYMEATYOU'LLLOVETOEAT. 'PhoneJ31416.

ODDFELLOWS'HOTEL SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE. BESTBRANDSSTOCKED. NewlyFurnishedThroughout. ALLWELCOME.

J.G.MULCAHY,Proprietor.

DEKF?

HEARCLEARLY -WithWesternElectric AUDIPHONE

OonsultWithoutObligation. SUNKEN&SAINKEN. HAYSTREET, NextAmbassadorsTheatre.

BASSENDEANBAKERY

terspressinguponthenationsispart ofGod'sjudgmentcondemningtheir pride,teachingthemtheirneed,and summoningthemtorepentance.This penaltyupontheapostasyofChristendomshouldmakeusallrepen't,and seekanewsocietybaseduponGod's law.

JustasthebombsdroppedonEngland,thebombardmentofBerlin,the sufferingsofoccupiedFranceand13elgium,andHolland,theagonyofRussia, thedisorganisedlifeofAmericawith itsanxietiesathome,andthedanger toitsmenoverseas--infact,everysingleitemintheglobalwarasitaffects everysinglenation,ispartofthe,penaltyandscourgeofsinrichlydeserved byhumanity.Theoneunforgivable thingisforanyoneofustoadoptan attitudeofsmugself-righteousness,regardingthedelugeofsufferingasdeservedbyothernations,butnotby ourown.Thatisintolerablehypocrisy.Inherbook,"BeginHere," DorothySayerssaysofEngland:"Our ownhandsarenotclean.Wehave exploitedtheweakintheadulationof wealthandpower.Weareselfish, lazy,andstandacusedofcommercialism,hypocrisy,oppression,greed,and manyothersins."That'sthespirit weshouldadopt-examiningourown conscience,insteadofgloatingover thepunishmentofothers,notfrom anyloveofjustice,butfromahatred ofwhichthesoonerwecureourselves thebetter.

ThepenaltyandscourgeofwardescendinguponAbyssiniaandSpainwas asrichlydeservedbythosecountries asbombsdescendinguponthemin turnweredeservedbyItaly,England, France,Germany,andeveryothernationwhichhashaditsshareofthepunishmentpermittedbyGodtobring hometoChristendomthecrimeofits apostasyfromHim.Warswithall theirmiseries,arethefruitofsin.The punishmentfallsuponboththenationswhomakewar,andthosecalled upontoresisttheaggression.And insuchnationaldisasters,itisforeach nationtotakestockofitsowncriminalconductandreform.Itisonly theinsufferableprigwhoturnsablind eyeuponhisownfaults,anddelights inthinkingoftheatraciouscrimes committedbytheneighbourhedislikes, thankingGodwiththePhariseethat hehimselfisnotliketherestofmen.

POSTWARPROBLEMS.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpostwar problemswillbemanyanddifficult. Whenthosedayscomeitwillbenice toown£2,000.Buyaticketto-dayin theNo.196bCharitiesConsultation. Thefirstprizeis£2,000.

N.LOVELOCK

BAKERANDPASTRYCOOK,ETC.

'TEL.:UL128. WESTROAD,BASSENDEAN.

A.E.HANSENFamilyButcher

854ALBANYROAD,VICTORIAPARK.

OrdenGalledforsadDeliveredDaily ATrialSolicited.

Terms:CashWeekly.

'PHONEM1184ANDLETYOURPAYENVELOPELIVELONGER.

THELATEWARRANTOFFICER AUSTINKEHOE.

WithdeepregretwerecordthepassingofWarrantOfficerAustinKehoe. thethirdsonofMr.andMrs.D. Kehoe,ofMt.Lawley.Thedeceased was25yearsofage,andwaseducated atSt.PatricksBoys'School,where HIMhi-luniurCertificate.For manyyearshefilledthepositionof altarboy,firstatSt.Brigid'sChurch, WestPerth,andlateratQueenof Martyrs'Church,Maylands,andwas anearlymemberoftheHolyName Society.Amemberofthevoluntary militiaat16yearsofage,beforethe outbreakofwar,theincreaseandbettermentofhismilitaryknowledgewas ofprimaryimportancetohim.After unceasingeffortstoobtainatransferfromtheArmyinstructionalstaff t,theA.I.F.hiswishwaseventually granted.AfterashortperiodinNew Guineahesuccumbedtomalariaon February14,whilstactingPlatoon Commander.Possessedofapleasant personalityandjovialdisposition,he waslovedbyallwhohadthehonour ofhisfriendship.Hisdeceaseis deeplymournedbyhisparents,brothers,John(A.I.F..prisonerofwar), Kevin(R.A.A.F.),andDesmond (R.A.A.F.),sisters,Vivienne,Maryand CarmelA.W.A.S.),andbyallwho knewhim.R.I.P.

thirdOrderofSt.TraNcis SocialClubNotes,

TheweeklyluncheonsattheSocial ClubwillrecommenceonThursday, March2,at1p.m.Tertiarysisters whowouldliketohelpinthepreparationoftheluncheonsshouldnotifythe secretaryorpresident.Yourassistancewouldbemuchappreciated.

TheguestspeakeronMarch2willbe Mrs.K.A.Robinson,whosesubject willbe"NewZealand-itsBeautyand itsChristianity."

OLDROSARIES

Wehavebeenaskedtoappealfor oldorbrokenRosaries,forwhichthe ownershavenofurtheruse.Owing tothelackofsuppliesofreligiousobjects,themenintheForcesareoften obligedtogowithoutRosaries,Mis sals,etc.TheSistersoftheCarmeliteMonastery,Nedlands,haveoffered tomendoldorbrokenRosaries,which willbethendistributedtothetroops Rosariesandotherpiousobjects maybeleftc/oCatholicWelfareOrganisation, ChurchOffice, ViqoriaSquare,Perth.

DEATHS OnService.

KEHOE.-InlovingmemoryofWarrantOfficerJosephAustinKehoe, whodiedofillnessinN.G.onFebruary14,1944,dearlylovedsonofMr. andMrs.D.Kehoe,of36Tenth "Avenue.%viands,lovedbrotherof Vivienne(Mrs.G.Grogan),Mary (Mrs.McOuat),Sergt.John(A.I.F., P.O.W.),Kevin(FlightSergeant, R.A.A.F.,N..G.),Carmel(A.W.A.S.), Desmond(P/O,R.A.A.F.,England). Ourthoughtswillbealwaysofyou, darling.Mayyourdearsoulrest inpeace.

÷ N ftnrCI AM 41'

ROGUE.-Ineverlovingmemoryof ourlovinghusbandandfather, Frederick'Aloysius,whopassedto hiseternalrewardonFebruary25. 1939.

SweetJesus,havemercyonhissoul.

MeNAMARA.-Inlovingmemoryof HonorsMcNamara,whodeparted thislifeonFebruary22,1942. Onwhosesoul,SweetJesus,have mercy. -Insertedbyherlovingsister,Mrs. W.Rileyandfamily.

PIANTO.-Inlovingmemoryofour dearwifeandmother,whopassed awayonFebruary27,1935. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhersoul.R.I.P.

-Insertedbyhersorrowinghusband,sonsanddaughters,ofMenzies. QUINN.-InlovihgmemoryofMargaretMaryQuinn,whopassedaway February20,11)30.R.I.P. SweetJesus,havemercyonher sod.

STOKES.-Inaffectionatememoryof mydearfather,AbelStokes,who diedFebruary16,1936;alsomydear mother,diedMay18,1942. SweetJesus,havemercyontheir soulsandallthesoulsofthefaithfuldeparted.

-Insertedbytheirlovingdaughter,C.Eddy.

WANTED, WantedaHousekeeper,forfarm, Moora;£2perweekandkeep.Open oneweek.A.McKinley,Moora.

Sendalongthoseattractivestory booksthatyouhavenowdiscarded. TheJuvenileSectionoftheCentralCatholicLibrarywillappreciatethem,

ThereisNoInherentLawof LifethatMoralEvilShouldExist

MisuseofFree-WillCannot beNecessary

AManCannotbeNeutralTowards theMoralLaw

Inthemoralorder,goodandevil arecontrasts.Noonewoulddeny that.Whatwedodenyisthatitis aninherentlawoflifethatmoralevil shouldexist.Byverydefinition moralevilistheresultofdeliberate misuseoffreewillbyanintelligentand responsibleperson.Thatmisuse,of freewillcannotbenecessary.Therefore,althoughgoodandevilinthe moralorderarecontrasts,theyarenot essentialtolife.Suchacontrastneed notexist,formoralevilneednotexist. Inthephysicalorderyoucannothave mountainswithoutvalleys.Butin themoralorderyoucouldhavegoodnesswithoutevil,orvirtuewithout vice, Moralorderisconcernedwiththings amaniscapableofdoingoromitting, andwhichheoughttodooromit.In otherwords,itsupposesalawtowhich amanisobligedtoadjusthisconduct, thoughheisnotcompelledagainsthis willtodoso.Heisfreetochoose onewayortheother,Ifhechooses toactinaccordancewithGod'slaw, hemakesamorallygoodchoice.Ifhe choosestoactinoppositiontoGod's law,hemakesamorallyevilchoice. Noonecansaythatamountainin thephysicalorderisamountainbyits ownchoice,orthatavalleyisavalley byitsownchoice.Butamanis morallygoodbyhisownchoice,or morallyevil.Thatisnotessentialto life.Thepurelyphysicalorderas suchisnon-moral.Themoralorder liesinthespiritualharmonyordiscordprevailingbetweenthewillofintelligentcreaturesandthatoftheir Creator.

Virtuewouldberecognisableinthe absenceofvicebyitsowninherent goodnessorperfection.Itwouldbe enoughtoknowthelawofGod,that manoughttoconformhiswilltothat law,andthatinthisparticularcase thisparticularmanisconforminghis willtothatlaw.AtoncetherightneSsandgoodnessofhisbehaviour wouldbeevident,Onedoesn'thave towaituntilamanhasviolatedGod's lawinordertodiscernthegoodness ofobservingGod'slaw.Goodnessis recognisableinitself.Viceisrecognisableonlyinrelationtothegoodof whichitisaviolationInHiseternal perfectionGodhasnoneedofany vicetomakeHimawarebycontrast oftheintrinsicgoodnessoftheDivine Nature.

STOVES-Wood,Gas;newandused. Goodstockspaints,enamels,sprinklers, andtaps.Hassell's,659WellingtonSt.

SAVECHARGES!

Earthlyexistenceiscertainlyconceivablewithoutanytraceofvice.Vice is,unfortunately,afact.Butitis notafactthathadtobe.Godabsolutelyforbadeit,andHecouldnot forbidit,ifitwasimpossiblethatit shouldnotbe.Priortothesinofour firstparents,earthlyexistencewasinnocentofvice,andknewvirtueonly. Virtueandviceareextremesinthe moralsphere,grantedtheirexistence. Buttheirexistenceisnotnecessary. Viceisduetothedisorderedwillof man,adisorderofwhichhehimselfis guilty,forwhichheisresponsible,and whichhecouldhaveavoidedhadhe pleased.Thereisnointermediate pointatwhichvirtueandvicemerge intoeachother.Wheneveramanis confrontedwiththemorallaw,hisfree choiceeithertoconformtoitorviolateitresultseitherinavirtuousor viciousaction.Insuchcircumstances adeliberatechoicecannotbesimultaneouslyvirtuousandvicious,norcan ithemerelyneutralorindifferent.It iseithervirtuousorvicious.

Butitisnotpossibletocomparethe physicalandspiritualinsuchterms,becauseeverymoralorimmoralactsupposesaclear-cutdecisionofafree:will onthepartofanintelligentbeing,It maybepossibletogetameantemperaturebetweentheextremesofheat andcoldwhichcanbetermedas neitherhotnorcold.Butwhenthe willofmanisconfrontedwithanobligationtodowhatisvirtuousandavoid whatisvicious,itcannotremainina stateofneutralitybetweenthetwo withoutviolatingtheobligationtoact, whichistheverysuppositionina moralpredicament.

Itisnotpossibletointerpretthe moralorderbymeansofcomparisons drawnfromthepurelyphysicalorder. Themoralorderisconcernedwiththe freeandresponsiblechoiceofthe humanwill,afactornottobefound inman'sphysicalandnon-humanenvironment.Tounderstandthemoral order,therefore,wemuststudyitin itself,andinallthefactorsproperto itselfalone.Wemusttrytogrgsp thepurposeofhumanlife,thepositiiie lawofGod,thenatureandactivities ofconscience,thepsychologicalinfluencesaffectingthefreeoperationsof thehumanwill,andthebearingof ends,means,andcircumstancesupon themoralityofanygivenaction.In otherwords,thefieldofmoralityis propertoitself,andithasnoanalogy inthepurelyphysicalandnon-moral order.

SAVEFREIGHT!

ImprovetheValueofYourWoolbyhavingitSCOURED TheSWANWOOLSCOURINGCO. ofW.A.Ltd.Fremantle theoldestbusinessofitskindinthisState,withitsmostefficientmodernplant,employstheverylatestmethodstosecureforclientsbetter returnsfortheirwool.

ConsigntoNORTHFREMANTLE.andobtainrebatesof40percent. ofthefreightforallquantitiesoveroneton.

Address:BOX2,POSTOFFICE,FREMANTLE.

'PHONES:L1031-2.

DoAustralianBlacksMake GoodCatholics

Oneisoftenaskedthequestion whethertheBlacksmakegoodCatholics.Theanswerisdefinitely"Yes." Onthewholetheycomparemorethan favourablywiththewhitepopulation. Withinthelastsixmonths,five mothershavewalkedoverfiftymiles tobringtheirbabiesintotheMission Stationtobebaptised.Theyhavea fewdays'spellandthentrampthe fiftymilesbacktowheretheirhusbandsareemployed.Oneofthese womendidthetripwhenherbaby wasonlythreeweeksold,because,she said,shedidnotwantherlittleone tobeshutoutofheavenifhedied. Ononeoccasionamilitarychaplain happenedtolandontheothersideof theislandwhereourMissionissituated.FifteenofourCatholic"boys" immediatelyapproachedhim,andwhen theydiscoveredhewasapriest,asked himifhewouldsayMassforthem,as theyhadn'tbeenabletoattendMasts forsomemonths.ThePriestwasonly toohappytoobligethem,andall heardMassandreceivedtheSacramentsunderatreeinthebushmiles awayfromanywhere.

Oneeveningwhilesayingmyprayers

inthechurchafterdark,Iheard youngfathersayingtohis,littlepio canninny:"Jesuslivesinhere.Yon tellHimyouloveHim;say'Jesus.I loveYou.'"Afterthechildrepeated theaspiration,hecontinued:"Saythat everyday,andOurLordwillloveyou, andthedevilwillbefrightened."

Whenthewarpositionwasserious manymonthsago,Fatheralwayssaid Massbeforedawnandmanyatime haveIheardthenativestalkingoutsidetheChurchtwohoursbeforeMass commenced.WhenIaskedthemwhy theycamesoearlytheyexplainedthat theywokeupearlyandwereafraidto gotosleepagainlesttheyshouldMb, Mass. Anotherstrikingfeatureofthese peopleistherapidincreaseintheCatholicpopulationcomparedwiththe pagans,whoaredyingoutfast.Yes, theydomakegoodCatholics.

-Bro.T.COMMERFORD,M.S.C, Booksandmagazinesforthetroops maybeleftat"TheRecord"°Mee, 450Hay-street,Perth,fordistributiou bytheO.W.O.

HotelandAccommodationGuide

OntheRoad to CityBeach.

'Phone:B3418.

MILEI'HOTEL

FirstClass Accommodation.

M.CRANLEY,Proprietor. COUNTRY.

DUKEOFYORKHOTEL, NARROGIN. ReconditionedandRefurnished. NewLoisnge,DiningRooms, andCommercialRooms. ARTHURBOYLAN,Proprietor. (LateGeorgeHotel,Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

RodBeaton's HANNAN'SHOTEL, HANNANSTREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR&GARTERHOTEL, Cnr.HANNAN&NETHERCOTTSTS.,KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR Proprietor.

'Phone13. Box124. AUSTRALIAHOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A.andR.A.C.HOUSE. OneMinutefromSt.Mary's Church.

HotandColdWaterinHotel Bathrooms. RefrigerationThroughout. OnlyLock-UpGaragesinthe CentreofTown. M.J.DILLON,licensee.

KEOUGH'SforCATERING

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY. ExcellentCuisine. AmaticeRefrigeratorInstalled. OldandNewFriendsare CordiallyWelcomed. MRS.E.WING,Proprietress.

HOTEL PERTH. JACKEDDINGTON, Proprietor.

EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION.

STAN.O'BRIEN, COURTHOTEL PERTH.

'Phone:B4261.

HOTELBEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

theOcean. SuperiorAccommodation.

M.BYRNE (LateofGrandandShamrock Hotels,Boulder).

SUBIACOHOTEL.

FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION. 'Phone:W1028.

VICTORIAHOTEL,

FootComfortGuaranteed

Ifnecessarywe maketoorder. 667.HayStreet,Perth 'Phone:

SMILEaWHILE

"I'llgiveanymanafiverwhocan drinktwelvepintsrightoff,"saidthe strangerinthebar-parlour.

Alittleman,apparentlyuninterestedintheoffer,immediatelydrankup hisbeerandleft.

Aquarterofanhourlaterhereturnedand,findingtheofferstillopen,announcedthathewouldtryit.Withoutmoreadohedrankupthetwelve pintsthathadbeenplacedonthe counter.Thefeatstaggeredtheoccupantsofthebar.

"Well,I'mblowedl"saidthestranger,handingoverafiver."Ididn't thinkitwaspossible."

"NordidI,"saidthelittleman,a triflebreathlessly,"untilI'dbeen downtothe'Stag'sHead'andtriedit out."

* * * *

Lady(toapplicant):"Yes,Iadvertisedforamaid-of-all-work.Areyou anearlyriser?"

Applicant:"IndeedIam,ma'amAt melastplaceIwasupandhadbreakfastreadyandallthebedsmadebeforeanybodyelseinthehousewas up!"

* * * *

"Sir,Icannotlivewithoutyour daughter."

"Iwillseethatyouhavedecent burial."

* * *

"Asamatteroffact,"saidthelawyerforthedefendant,tryingtobe sarcastic,"youwerescaredhalf_to death,anddon'tknowwhetheritwas amotorcarorsomethingresembling amotorcarthathityou."

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"Whyareyoucrying,Elsie?"

"Ihavedugsuchalovelybighole inthegardenandmummywon'tletme bringitintothenursery."

* * *

DyingMan:"Aglassofwater."

Friend:"What?Didyousay water?"

DyingMan:'Yes,water,beforeitis toolate."

'Friend:"Whatdoyoumean?"

DyingMan:"TheMinistertoldme tobereconciledtomyworstenemies."

* *

Artist(showingfriendhispictureat exhibiton):"You'llbesurprisedto knowhowmuchtimewasspenton thispainting."

Friend:"Yes,I'veheardthatpeople standherebythehourtryingtomake outwhatitrepresents."

* *

Themotoristhadbeeninvolvedinan accidentandwasmakingashortstay inthevillagewhilehiscarwasrepaired.Onthefirsteveningofhisstay hewentuptothevillageconstable.

"Whendoesthetheatreopen?"he asked.

"There'snotheatrehere."

"Well,thecinema?"

"No,no,there'snothingofthatkind here."

"Goodgracious,man,haveyouno eveningamusements?"

"Well,sir,"repliedthepoliceman, "ifyewaittilleighto'clockye'llsee themshuntingthegoodstrain."

* *

"Itresembledoneallright,"the plaintiffmadeanswer."Iwasforcibly struckbytheresemblance."

* *

Diner:"Waiter!Ican'teatthis soup."

Waiter:"Sorry,sir.I'llcallthemanager."

Diner:"Lookhere,Ican'teatthis soup."

Manager:"Justonemoment,sir.I'll callthechef."

Diner:"Lookhere,chef,Ican'teat thissoup."

Chsf:"Ach,whatiswithitwrong, minebeautifulsoup?"

Diner:"Nothing'swrong.Ihaven't gotaspoon."

* * *

Thevisitorwasbeingtakenaround thelunaticasylum,andafterchatting withmanyoftheinmates,heeventuallycamebacktotalkoncemorewith oneofthem.

"Well,"hestarted,"Iammostinterestedtohearaboutyou.Iunderstandthatyouarethemostfamous ofalltheFrenchgenerals."

"Thatisso,sir,"camethesolemn replyofthepatient.

:'Andwhatmakesyouthinkthat?" askedthevisitor.

"Iknowit,"wastheanswer,"becausetheEmperorNapoleontoldme so."

Fromthenextcellcameafurious bellow.

"Youarenotspeakingthetruth!I toldyounothingofthekind."

* * * *

Theyoungmanwasdoinghisown shopping.Hesaidtotheprettygirl behindthedraper'scounter:"Iwant apillow-case,please."

"Yes,"saidtheassistant."What size?"

Theyoungmanlookedather,awkwardly:"Why-er-I'mnotsure,"he said,"butItakeasixandseveneightshatl"

* * *

Thetrainwasrunningthrougha longtunnel.

"Wonderfulthings,thesetunnels,"remarkedapassenger.

"Ineverseemuchinthem,"replied fillmanspokento.

* * *

Employer(toapplicant):"Yousay thatyougaveupyourlastpositionon medicaladvice.Whatexactlydid yourdoctorsay?"

Applicant:"Oh,'ejustsaysas'ow'e wouldfeelreliefifIworkedsomewhere else."

Employer:"Isee.Andwhowere youworkngfor?"

Applicant:"Thedoctor.Iwas'is gardener."

*

EstateAgent:"Thishousehasone ortwodrawbacks.Tothenorthis thegasworks,tothesoutharubber factory,ontheeastavinegarplant, andonthewestaglueplant."

ProspectivePurchaser:"Goodheavens Whataneighbourhood!"

EstateAgent:"Quiteso,buttheprice islow,andyoucanalwaystellwhich waythewindisblowing."

* * *

*

Therewas'verylittlethatJack mindeddoingatschool,buthedid drawthelineatbeingaskedtosew. Surelythatwasbeneaththedignity ofaten-year-oldman.

"ButGeorgeWashingtonusedto sew,"coaxedtheschoolteacher."He tookitforgrantedthateverysoldier oughttodoso.Doyouconsider yourselfabettermanthanGeorge Washington?"

"Well,Idon'tknow,"saidJackairily."Timewilltell."

* *

"Howisyoursongettingonat school,Mrs.Miggs?"

"Splendidly-heissothoroughthat hestaystwoyearsineveryclass."

* * *

Heshowedeverypromiseatschool exceptthathealwaysmuddledhis pastparticiples." Aftersaying"Ihavewrote,"the masterexplainedtohimhowwrongit was,andtoldhimtowrite,"Ihave written"onehundredtimes.

Thelineswereleftonthemaster's deskwiththenote:"Ihavewrote'I havewritten'onehundredtimes,as youtoldme,andnowIhavewent home."

She:"Doyoulikemyhair?Ispend allmytimeoverit!"

He:"Really,Ispendmostofmy timeundermine!"

* * Astrangerhiredacarandwastaken aroundatownbythechauffeurwho pointedoutallthemostinteresting thingsintheplace.Whenthedrive wasfinished,thestrangerthankedhim forhisexplanations.

"Yes,"saidthechauffeur,"I'mnot liketheotherswholetpeoplegoaway asstupidastheycame!"

* * *

"Ihearyourhusbandhasboughta motor-boat."

"Yes,thatisso."

"Whatisitcalled?"

"Thatdependsonwhetheritworks wellornot."

* *

"Andso,"saidthemagistrate,severely,"thisisthefifthpersonyouhave knockeddownthisyear?"

"Pardonme,"saidthegirlmotorist, withdignity,"thefourth.Oneof themwasthesamepersontwice."

THE Bushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Alreadyaweekof Lenthaspassed,andIhopeyouhave allstartedoffwell.Thosewhoare boundbythelowoffastingwilldo welltokeepitfaithfully,andthose whoarenot(byreasonofage,illhealth,exhaustingwork,orother causes/shouldundertakevoluntarily somelittlepenanceinordertobeone withthespiritoftheChurch.

SoreasonablearetheChurch'sdemandsintheobservanceofLentin moderntimes,thatitisveryeasyto findexcusesfromthelittlethatisrequired.ButtherealCatholicwillnot

beseekingforawayout,becausehe realisestheneedthereisofpenance andthespiritualgoodthatcomesofit.

Whileexternalmortificationssuchas fastingandabstinence(onlytwodays ofthisleftintheyearnow)aregood anduseful,therealpenanceisdoneinside,+whenwerepressevenlawfuldesiresandbendourmindsandwillsto doevenmorethanisrequiredforthe loveofGod.

Weshouldrememberthatnomatterhowgoodwetrytobeandare,we allstandinneedofpenancetomake uptoGodinsomewayforoursins. OfourselveswecouldnotgiveGod satisfactionevenforonevenialsin, butbyunitingourpenitentialintentionswithOurLord,weareable throughtheMasstogiveGodinfinite satisfactionforourownsinsandfor thoseoftheworld.HencetheimportanceforofferingMassasoftenas possibleduringLent.IhopeCorneriteswillsetanexampleineachparish. AUNTBESSY.

EastVictoriaPark.

DearAuntBetsy,-Iamwritingto youagain,notonAuntJean'spaper thistime;sheisintheAirForce.I aminthirdgradethisyearandMal-

LemonadeBottle

41Imemm

ACKNOWLEDGEDWITHTHANKS. s.d.

RexSermon 20

ElderlyOuefromtheNever-

colmisinseventh.Ourlittleblack chicksarelaying.Gutsyisourrooster;heissavageandchasesme. REXSERMON.

DearRex,-Iwasverypleasedto haveyourletter,eventhoughitwas notonAuntJean'spaper.Ihopeshe likestheAirForce.Youaredoing wellatschoolandMalcomnwillhave tolookoutsoon.Whataluckyboy tohaveblackchicksnowthatmeatis rationed.ButIsupposethey'resuch petsyouWon'tlikekillingthemwhen they'rebig.Yououghttomakea stewofGussy-theoldreprobate. Manythanksforyourdonation.

AUNTBESSY.

* *

St.Joseph'sCollege,Fremantle.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamwritingon behalfoftheJuniorPraesidiumofthe LegionofMaryatSt.Joseph'sFremantle.Wouldyoukindlysendusthe addresses--ofeightBushyfamilies. Pleaserememberusinyourprayers, M.RATTIGAN.

DearM.Rattigan,-Iwasdelighted tohearfromyouandtoknowthatthe LegionisinfullswinginyourCollege. Youcouldhavechosennomoreapostolicworkthanhelpingtobringand topreservetheFaithinthechildrenof ourcountrydistricts.Onecan'tbe selfishwiththeFaith.Ifonehasit, itmustoverflowtoothers.Names andaddresseshavebeenforwardedas requested,andbesureyouwillallbe rememberedintheBusbies'prayers. AUNTBESSY.

* * NeverNever.

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedfind smalldonationfortheBushies'LemonadeBottle.Itriedhardtogetthis awaybeforeXmas,buttheweatherwas dreadfulinthebushandsappedupall myenergy.Hopethebottleisfilling upwell.Aurevoir.Withbestwishes toyouandtheBusbies.

ELDERLYONEFROMTHENEVER NEVER.

DearElderlyOne,-Youmaybein theNever-Neverinageographical sense,butinthespiritualsenseyou arealwaysontheBusbies'side.It wasverygoodofyoutothinkofusat Christmas,andyourgiftwasnonethe lesswelcomebecauseitwasatriflelate. Wedon'tworrytoomuchabouttime; wehavealleternity.Manythanks foryourhelpandgoodwishes. AUNTBESSY.

WestPerth.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindsmall offering.UnderseparatecoverIam postingafewstamps. M.D.

DearM.D.,-Thanksindeedforyour giftsofmoneyandstamps.It'svery hearteningtometoknowthat,howeverhardthingsgetduringthewartime,theBushieswillalwayshave good,loyalfriends.ThisisaclearindicationthatGod'sblessingisonour work.Butweshouldn'tforgettopray forsuccessjustthesame. AUNTBESSY.

GOODNIWIL-LstostinassolOss

sadWoodStoves,newsadsoeondland.

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LICENSEDSANITARYPLUMERR, IRONWORKER,SHEETMETAL

whichithadbeensorenownedinthe past.For300yearsitenjoyedBenedictinepeace.ItsAbbotsmadecontinuouseffortstoembellishthevenerableAbbey,anddidnotrestsatisfieduntiltheyhadmadeofitaveritablegemofart.

In1799theFrenchrevolutionaries tookandplunderedthisabodeof peace,butdidnotdamagethebuildings.

PopePiusVII,himselfaBenedictine,tookadeepinterestinthe MotherHouseofhisOrder,and,under hisprotection,itsoonregainedmuch ofitsformersplendour.

Thencamethetroubledtimeswhen Anti-ClericalisminItalybroughtabout thesuppressionofreligioushouses throughoutthecountry.MonteCassinowastooconspicuoustoescapeunmolested.Thiswasin1866.Afew yearslatertheAbbeywasappropriatedbytheItalianGovernmentanddeclaredanationalmonument.Its carewasentrustedoncemoretothe sonsofSt.Benedict,andtheirAbbot wasappointedofficialguardianofthe Institution. ACommunityof60 monks,undertheRightRev.Gregory Diamare,Bishop-Abbot,the297th.suc-

Confession

Confessioncannotbedegrading,for toownuptoone'swrong-doingisto beaman.Theprotestthatitisunmanlyarisesfromhumanpride.You maysay,"notpride,.butself-respect," Butsinisamatterinwhichonehas norighttorespectself,anditdeserves thehumiliationConfessiondemands. Itisaweakyieldingtofalsepride thatmakesoneshirkit;andthatis theunmanlything.Noristhepracticedegrading.Itisnotdegrading tothepriest,whohasbeenwell-trained andpreparedforhisduty;whohears thousandsofconfessionsinasdetached amannerasadoctordealingwitha successionofpatientsinhisconsulting room,andwhoisbentonlyonthe spiritual:welfareofhispenitents.It isnotdegradingtothepenitents,for nothingsohelpsthemtofacetheissue moresquarely,anddotheirbesttorehabilitatethemselves,thanthenecessaryexaminationofconsciencerequiredforConfession,thepenaltyofhavingtomanifestone'ssins.toanother andtheadviceanexperiencedpriest canoffer.

Anditcannotbecalledanincentive tosin.Forexample,theProtestant whohasn'tgottoconfessismore likelytotakesinlightly,andfallinto itmoreeasily,thantheCatholicwho knowsthathewillhavetoconfess. Butyouaremistakenalsoinsaying thataCatholiconlyhastoconfess

cessorofSt.Benedict,keptwatch overthetomboftheirholyfounder whenthelatestandmostruthlessof warscametodemolishinafewhours theworkofcenturiesandeffacefrom theearthoneofitsmostvenerated sanctuaries.

TheChurch,thefourthtooccupy thesite,wasdesignedbyCosimoFansaga.Itsconstructionwasbegunin 1649underAbbotDominicQuesadaaSpaniard-andwasconsecratedby PopeBenedictXIIIin1727.ItembodiedthehighestexpressionofItalianartinthe17th.century.Inrichnessofmarblessofallhuesitwassaid tobesurpassedonlybytheCertosaat Pavia,andthefirstimpressionwasone ofastonishingmagnificence.Itwas undoubtedlythefinestexampleof FlorentinemosaicworkinEurope, andthegeneralcolourschemewasexcellent.Paintingsbyartistssuchas LuccaGiordano,Matheis,Andreade Sabino(adiscipleofRafael's),and othersadornedthewallsandthedome ofthechurch,Thecrypt,wherein thetombofSt.Benedictwasfound, andthesacristywereequallymarvellousachievementsofartancientand modern,thelatterbyaBenedictine School.

Desolationnowhasextendeditspall overthosesightswhichbutafewdays agodelightedtheeyeandupliftedthe heartofman.

hissinsinordertogetthemforgiven. Hehastobegenuinelysorryforthem beforeGod,andbedeterminedtodo hisbesttoavoidsimilarsinsinthe future.

Priestsdonotimposethisobligation.ChristHimselfimposestheobligation.BythemerefactthatHe institutedtheSacramentofConfession forthedestructionofsinscommitted afterBaptism,Heobligesthosewho dosinseriouslyafterBaptismtomake useofit.InJn.XX,,21-23,weread thatHebreathedupontheApostles, andsaidtothem:"Receiveyethe HolyGhost;whosesinsyouforgive, theyareforgiven;whosesinsyou shallretain,theyareretained."Confessionisnecessary,becauseitisthe meansappointedbyChristfortheforgivenessofsins.Farfrompriestsimposingtheobligationuponthelaity, theobligationfallsonpriestsandpeoplealike.Thepriestwhobearsthe confessionsofthelaitymusthimselfgo toConfessiontootherpriests.Nor, ifChristhadnotimposedtheobligation,wouldanypriesthavedreamed ofinventinganadditionaldutyoccupyingsomuchtimethatcouldbe scorepleasantlyspentinotherways.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Mike aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.