The Record Newspaper 13 August 1942

q"IndependenceiscomingtoIndia butwhenandwhatkindwildependon theIndianpeoplethemselvesandontheirsolutionofthepresentdiunity."

CrippsReturnedto6owniStreet disappointedandpuzzled INDIA'SPROBLEMIS COMPLEX

SIRSTAFFORDCRIPPS

-carriedhisbagbacktoDowning Street,empty.Whyhadhefailed?

A\IDSEETHI\G WITHDISCORD

Backgroundfortheunderstandingof theimmenselyimportantmovesbeing madetofindasolutionoftheIndian problem,isgivenin"America'by JohnS.O'Connor,S.J.,whohasserved eightyearsonIndianmissions,

WhenSirStaffordCrippssetout fromNo.10DowningStreet,onhis nowfamousflighttoIndia,peoples heldtheirbreathandhopedwitha greathopethathislittleblackbag containedsufficientmagicpowerto winoverIndia'sfullerco-operation againsttheAxisPowers.

Disappointmentandpuzzledwonder accompaniedSirStaffordashecarried backhisbagtoDowningStreet,empty. Whyhadhefailed?Whyhadthe Indiansrefusedtoaccepttheoffersof Dominionstatus-evenwiththecompromiseriderofhavingtheirownDefenceMinister?

Therewasnopuzzledwondermenton thepartofthosewhoknowIndia. For,eventhoughtheysharedthesame greathope,theyrealisedmorefully whatataskhadbeenassignedtothis "troubleshooterextraordinary"ofthe BritishEmpire.Hiswasataskcomparabletothatofsmoothingoutthe difficultiesandbringingintounityall thenationsofEurope.SirStafford Crippswouldhaveencounteredno greatermassofcomplicationsreligious,racialandpolitical,insuchanassignmentthanhedidinhismissionto India. Indiawastoocommonlyregardedin Americanheadlinesasalittlenation borderingtheIndianOceansomewhere insouthernAsia.Thegeopraphical educationbroughtaboutbytheprofusionofdetailednewspapermapsand

Since1920,Ghandihasbeeninthestrangepositionofbeingleaderof theCongressPartybutnotanofficialmemberofit. descriptiveradiobroadcastsofthis WorldWarII.hasbeenarevelationto manythatIndiaismorethanalittle country"wayoutEast," PeoplehavediscoveredthatIndiais reallyasub-continent.Cutofffrom therestofAsiabytheloftysnow-

cappedHimalayas,IndiaformsatriangularpeninsulajuttingintotheIndianOcean.Itsarea,overhalfthat ofthecontinentalUnitedStates,holds apopulationthreetimesgreaterthan thatofourforty-eightStates.To makethisassertionmoreconcrete,In-

diaisacountrywithanareaof 1,808,680squaremilesandapopulation estimatedbetween375and390million people.

Butthesizeandpopulationofthis teemingsub-continentofIndiawasnot thereasonforfailureinthenegotiationsbetweenBritainandIndia. Rather,itwasthecomplexityofracial, religiousandpoliticalelementsthat couldnotbesimplifiedbyanyshort andmagicalformula. Indiahasneverbeenanation,True,. asuperficialsortofunitywaseffected duringthecourseofthecenturiesby thevariousconqueringAryanand Mohammedaninvaders,whocarved outgreaterorlesserempiresinthe peninsula.Buttheseneverresulted ina"meltingpot"suchasweknowso wellintheseUnitedStates.Sincethe daysoftheEastIndiaCompany,and moreespeciallysincetheKingof GreatBritainbecametheEmperorof India,thissurfaceunityhasspread throughoutIndia,butitwasonlythe meansoflightlylinkingtogetherthe diverseelementsofthecountryand notreallyfusingthem.

Indiato-dayremainsacountrycomposedofatleastfifteendifferentraces, speakingtwenty-fivedifferentlangu- ages-andthesebecome225different tonguesifallthevariousdialectsare included.EnglishandHindustani serveaslinguaefrancae,butthenumberwhospeakthese,inadditionto theirownvernacularisextremely smallinproportiontothetotalpopulation.

Morethanfour-fifthsofthepeople ofIndiaareengagedinagriculture, livingonsmallfarmsandinsmallvillages,awayfromtheurbancentres, Illiteracyishigh.Eighty-fivepercent, ofthepopulationareunabletoread orwrite,Forthesepeople,thehori-

(ContinuedonBackCover.)

Wouldwar-timeconditionsjustifypolygamy orfreelove?

Church'steachingdoesnotcondemnsonniott inmarriageassinN

Thosedreadfulpriests arrogant,deceitfuland money-loving!.

..

ProtestantattitudetoVary

Q.:WhereintheBibledoyoufindany referencetoMary'sdeathandresurrection?Thereisnone.

R.:Youhaveansweredyourown questioncorrectly.ButCatholicshave neversaidthateitherMary'sdeathor herresurrectionarerecordedinthe Bible.Theyhaveothergroundsaltogetherfortheirbeliefsconcerning herultimatelot.

Q.:Marywasagoodwoman,butdoes notintercedeforus,

R.:Youareverypositive.MayI askyouhowyouknowthatshedoes notintercedeforus?

Q:Seehowmanytimeshernameis mentionedintheBible.

R,:Sheismentionedmoreoften thanyouimagine.Butthenumber oftimessheismentionedthrowsno lightonthequestionastowhether sheintercedesforusor not.

Q.:'Christsaid:"ComeuntoMeallye whoarewearyandheavy-laden, andIwillgiveyourest."

R.:Thatistrue,Andthosewords areasfamiliartoCatholics,andas precioustothem,astheyaretoyou.

Q.:Heneversaid:"GotoMaryfirst," R.:NoCatholichasevermaintained thatHedid.NordoCatholicsbelieve thattheyhavetogotoMaryfirst.In theirapproachtoChristtheymayat

timesaskMarytoprayforthemand withthem,Andthatisnotonlya mostsensiblethingtodo;itisinperfectaccordancewiththeprinciples oftheChristianrevelation, Q.:ChristalsosaidthatthosewhobelieveinHimshallhaveeverlasting life.

R.:Thatistrue.AndIamsure thatitmustfillyouwithhappinessto knowthatCatholicsfulfilthatcondition,FortheybelievewholeheartedlyinChrist.

'Q.:Hesaidnothingaboutbelievingin Mary, R.:CatholicsdonotbelieveinMary asifshecouldtaketheplaceofChrist, andasiftheirsalvationcouldbesecuredbyherin-dependentlyofChrist.It isevidentthatyousimplydonotunderstandtheattitudeofCatholicstowardsMary.Anditwouldbemuch bettertoaskwhatwedobelievethan toobjecttowhatwedon'tprofessto believe,Iwillgladlyexplainthemattertoyou,ifyouwish,Youhaxe buttosendinfurtherquestionsonthe subject,andinduecourseIwillanswer themrespectfully!andcourteously, howeverlittlemaybeyourownrespectfortheCatholicviewpoint,With thatIconcludemytreatmentofyour letter,withnonebutthebestofgood wishesforyourselfpersonally.

Breakdownof

"Argus,"Bundaberg(Q.)

Q.:Willyou,please,commentupon theenclosedletterpublishedinarecentissueof"Rydge's"magazine?

R,:Itistoolongtotreatinfull,and tosayallthatitwarrants.But1 willdealbrieflywiththepassagesyou havemarked.

Q.:Thearticlebegins,"Oursocialsystemisbuiltuponthemonogamic principlewhich,theoretically,isthat ofoneman,onewife,andonehome, builtuponthesacrednessofthe marriagetie."

R.:ThatistheChristianstandard, -whichisstillrecognisedinourmidst. butwhichtheauthorwishestoabolish,Soheproceeds.

Q.:"Butisourmonogamicsystema presentsuccess?Ifso,howdoesone accountforthestatisticalrecordsof divorceandofvenerealdisease?"

Marriage

R.:Firstly,themonogamicsystem isnottobejudgedbythosewhofail toobserveitsrequirements,butbyits rightnessorwrongnessinitself.As ChristiansweknowittobetherevealedwillofGod.Noconsiderations ofexpediency,orofthepreferences ofmen,canalterthat,Thestatistical recordsofdivorceareaccountedfor bytherefusalofmentoobserveGod's lawconcerningthepermanentcharacterofmarriage,andtheprevalenceof venerealdiseasebytheirviolationof theirmoralobligations.ButtheremedyfortheseabusesisnottheaolitionofChristianstandardsofmarriageandmorals.Theremedyisa returntothosestandards.

APAGAN'SPRINCIPLES.

Q.:"Ibelieveinthesacrednessofthe marriagetie,andintheneedfor

"A good woman, but she does notintercede for us"'

conventionalrulesforthepreservationoffamilylife," R.:Itwillbeinterestinginamomenttoseewhatthewriterunderstandsby"thesacrednessofthemarriagetie,"Meantime,whilsthesays thathebelieves"intheneedforconventionalrulesforthepreservationof familylife,"headvocatesapolicy whichwouldundermineallrules,and ruinfamilylifealtogether!Itisto benotedalsothathisbeliefin"conventionlrules"impliesadenialthat thelawofGodistobeconsideredat all,andthatmarriagelegislationisa matterofhumanagreementonly,In otherwords,manishisownlaw-giver inthismatter,subjecttonohigher authority,noteventothatofGod. IfhehashiswaythereforepaganstandardsaretoreplaceChristianstandardsinAustralia, * ** *

CONTEMPTFORRELIGION.

Q.:"Thesacrednessisnotinthefew wordsmumbledbyaparson,nordo ourpresentconventionsachievejustice," R.:Herethewriteradmitssome sacredness,thoughhedoesnotknow whatthewordmeans.Heimagines thatChristianslocateitin"thefew wordsmumbledbyaparson,-which showsthathedoesnotknowwhat Christianitymeans,Thatheshould trytoascertainbforeheproceedsto attackit.Hisdescriptionoftheparsonas"mumbling"thewordsismerelyanexpressionofhiscontemptforreligion,Itisnotinaccordancewith fact,forallministersofreligionare particularlyclearintheirwordstothe partiesofamarriage,makingsurethat theyunderstandwhattheyaredoing, andthatthecontractwillbevalid, whateverbetheirviewsastotheconditionsrequiredforvalidity.The complaintthat"ourpresentconventionsdonotachievejustice,"apart fromitsassumptionthatmarriageIs butamatterofhumanconventions, invitesthequestionastowhatthe writerunderstandsbyjustice,His articlesuggeststhatjusticedemands

polygamy,ortherightofonemanto haveseveralwives,orpromiscuousimmoralitybetweenmenandwomen, withnoneedforanymarriage-bond atall.

THESACREDELEMENT.

Q.:"Thesacrednessoftheunionis notinthemarriageceremony,butin themindsoftheparticipants," R,:Noonesaysthatthesacredness oftheunionisinthemarriageceremony.Thereligiousceremonyexpressesthesacrednessoftheunion, butdoesnotconstituteit,Thesacrednessoftheunionliesinthecontractitself,forChristiansraisedby ChristtothedignityofaSacrament oftheChristianreligion.Theword "sacred"means"holy";andholiness impliesarelationshipwithGod,the infinitelyHoly,andthesourceofall holiness.Butthewriterofth's wretchedletterhasnoideaofthat,He usestheword"sacred"withoutthe leastnotionofitsmeaning.Godand religiondonotenterintohist'i-ughts atall,Andforhimwhateverheintendsby"sacred"isin"theminds theparticipants,"intheirattitudetowardseachotheronly.Itisaprinciplewhichwouldjustifythemin changingtheirpartnersasoflenas theychangedtheirminds!They wouldhavenosacredobligationsto eachotheratall,

POLYGAMYANDPROMISCUITY, Q.:"Ichallengetherightofanycoromunitytocondemnthosewomen whosemenhavebeendestroyedto celibacy,ortocontumely," R.:Thewriterhasinmindthefact that,asmoremenaredestroyedby war,sowomen'sopportunitiesofmarriagediminish.Hearguesthatifwe keeptotheacceptedstandardofone manandonewife,therewillnotbe enoughhusbandstogoround,Togive allwomenachanceofmarriageand motherhoodhethereforeaevacates thechangingofthelawsothateach husbandmayhaveseveralwives,or theabolitionofmarriagealtogether

ToaskMarytoprayforusisin perfectaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheChristianrevelation.

andtherightofwomentohavechildrenbyanymentheypleasewithout shameandcontumely.Butwhenhe challengestherightofthecommunity toforbidthisbyitslawsofmarriage andmorality,heforgetsthatthecommunityisbutapplyingthelaws ofGod.AndGodalonecouldchange thoselaws.fencannot.Theyhave buttoobeythem.Andsoconsidm, tionsofexpediencycandispenseus fromthem,Theenddoesnotjustify themeans.

* * THENAZIOUTLOOK.

Q.:Ifwehadapopulationof40mill. lionswewouldhavehadnoneedto appealtoU.S.A.foranarmytoprotectowland."

R,:Sotheremedyistointroduce intoAustraliatheNazimethodsadvocatedinGermany.ThereHerrHimmlerhastoldGermanwomenthattheir firstdutyistohavechildrentokeep theranksoftheGermanarmyfilled. Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyare marriedornot.Theunmarriedmother isasacceptableasthemarriedmother. "Thereisawardutybeyondmarriage,"declaresHerrHimmler,"tobecomemothersbysoldiersgoingtothe front.""Allthescruplesofyesterdaymustbesweptaside"saythe Nazis,Sosinglegirlsadvertisein GermanpapersthattheywanttobecomemothersbyGermansoldiers.And theStatepromisestobringupthechildrenasPartyproperty.ThedestructionoffamilylifeandofChristian moralsisevidenteverywhereinGermany,anditisincreasingdaily.If weinAustraliacansurviveonlyby

renouncingChristianstandards,and byadoptingthesamemethods,wewill bebetterdead.

* SEXANDSIN.

Q.:-Isnotthecommonattitudedue totheChurches'teachingthatthe sexunionisinitselfasinfulthing whichmaybeexcusedbyamarriage ceremony?"

R.:ThatisnottheChurches'teaching.TheChurchteachesthatthesex unioninitself,whenusedinaccordancewithconditionsprescribedbythe lawofGod,isgood,holy,andmeritoriousbeforeHim.Becauseitis forbiddenbythelawofGodoutside marriage,sex-indulgenceoutsidemarriageissinful.AndGodforbidsthis becausesex-unionisintendedbyGod fortheprocreationofchildren,andfor thedueprotectionandproperupbringingofthechildren.Hencethe lawthattheprivilegesanddutiesof parenthoodmaybelongonlytothose whohavepermanentlycontractedto dwelltogetherwithinthestateofmarriage.Marriageisnotan"excuse," therefore,forindulginginwhatissinfulinitself.MarriageistheGodappointedstateinwhichsex-unionis goodandlawful,butoutsideofwhich itisasinfulviolationofGod'swill.

* * TREACHERYTOAUSTRALIA.

Q.:-Instead,isnottheproperrealisationthatitistheconsecrationofour bodiestothehighesthumanideal uponwhichourracefuturedepends?" R,:HerrHimmlerhimselfcould havewrittenthatsentence."We knowonlyonereligion,"declarethe Nazis,"BloodandSoil.InthebeginningandintheendstandstheGerman race."WeChristiansdenythattobe theexpressionofthe"highesthuman ideal."Thehighesthumanidealis theserviceofGodinthelikenessof Christ,Andthatmeansbyobedience toGod'slawinallthings,consecrating ourselvestohim,orsorenderingourselvessacredtoHimthatwewillnot profaneeithersoulorbodybyusing theminviolationofHiscommandments.Marriageconsecratestheuseof thebodyforpurposesuponwhichthe futureofourracedepends.Butoutsidemarriagesuchuseisadesecration. Andtheprinciplesadvocatedbythis correspondentof"Rydge'sMagazine'. are,asIhavesaidsimplyanapplicationtoAustraliaoftheNazidoctrines whicharedestroyinginGermanythe Christianfaith,familylife,andordinarymoraldecency.Toadvocatethe introductionofthatwayoflifeinto thiscountryisnoservicetoAustralia. NowIhavedweltmuchlongerthanI intendedonthissubject,butitsimportancejustifiesthetimegiventoit. Itisonlyfairtoaddthat"Rydge's Magazine"expresslydisclaimsresponsibilityfortheviewsofitscorrespondents.

ACompassionateEnemy

B.B.,Roseville

Q.:YousaythattheRomanCatholic religionistheonlytruereligion.God helpyouinyourblindness, R donotusetheterm"Roman Catholic,"IsaythattheChristian religionistheonlytruereligionand thattheCatholicChurchistheonly completelytrueformoftheChristian religion.OtherChurchesthatprofesstobeChristianteachsomeelementsofChristiantruth,butareerroneousinsofarastheyomitcertain sectionsofChristiandoctrine,oradvocatethingswhicharenotreallypart ofChristiandoctrineatall,Having clearedupthatpoint,letmeexpress myappreciationofyourcompassion. Eventhoughyouaremistakenin

thinkingmeblind,thefactremains thatyoudonotthinkmetobeblind; andthatyoushouldbesoaffectedby themerethoughtthatImightbe afflicteddoesnotleavemeunmoved. AndyourprayerthatGodshouldinterestHimselfinmeleavesmeyet moregratefultoyou,Icanonly trustthatHewillblessyouinturn,despitetheratherhardthingsyoursincerebutmistakenideasimpelyouto sayofmyselfandmyfellowpriests, * * * * THOSEDREADFULPRIESTS.

11:Christwashumbleandlovingand gentle. R.:Thatistrue. Q,RomanCatholicpriestsarearrogant,deceitful,andmoney-loving.

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R,:Thatisaverysweepingstatement.Surelyitisnottoomuchto askyoutoallowforoneortwoexceptionalAlsoitshouldnotbetoomuch toaskyoutoproveyourassertion,I donothesitatetosaythatyouhave nogroundsforthinkinglikethatsave thatyouwanttothinkit.

WHYDON'TTHEYMARRY?

Q.:DidyouknowthatPeterwasa marriedman?Well,hewas, R,:Ihavelongbeenawareofthe fact.Butyou,apparently,arenot awarethat,withherconsent,hesep- aratedfromherinordertodevotehimselfentirelytoChristandtheapostolate,ItwasPeterwhosaidto Christ,"Behold,wehaveleftallthings andhavefollowedThee."AndChrist said,"Everyonethathathlefthouse orbrethren,orsisters,orfather,or mother,orwife,orchildren,orlands formyname'ssake,shallreceivea hundredfold,andshallpossesslifeeverlasting."

Q.:Thenwhydon'tpriestsmarry?

R,:Farfromsuggestingthatpriests oughttomary,Peter'sseparationfrom

hiswifeforthesakeoftheapostolate suggeststhattheyoughtnottomarry. AndwhatwillyoumakeofSt,Paul? Hehimselfwasnotonlyunmarried,but heevenwrotetotheCorinthian,:,"I wouldthatallmenwereas-nyself.I saytotheunmarried:Ttisgoodfur themiftheysocontinue,evonasI," SurelyyouwillnotdenythatSt.Paul understoodthemindofChrist,

''CHOPPINGUPCOMMANDMENTS"

Q.:Itisamusinghowyouexplainthe choppingupoftheCommandments.

R,:TheonlyexplanationsIhave givenonthatsubjecthavebeento pointoutthatsomepeoplearemistakeninthinkingthatCatholicschop uptheCommandments.Andthat peopleshouldhesomistakenis,tomy mind,distressingratherthanamusing.

Q.:RomanCatholicsdeliberatelydisregardthesecondCommandment, R.:CatholicsknowthatwhatProtestantshavebeenbroughtuptoregardasthesecondCommandmentis reallypartofthefirstCommandment, ofwhichitisbutanamplificationin theHebrewstylecurrentatthetime theCommandmentsweregiven,

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OLIVEOILINLARGEORSMALLQUANTITIES,

MustCatholicsbelievetheworldis

only 6,000yearsold.

.

andwasmadeinsixdays?

ProtestantismgavetheworldaliteralfidelitytotheBible

St.ThomasSpeculatedabouttheAgeoftheEarth

ThereisnoOfficialCatholic OpiniononScientificQuestions completeindividualliberty innon-essentials

Condensedfromthe"CatholicTimes."

13yF.,F.W.

The1910congressofthePontifical AcademyofSciences,towhichthe PopeinvitedtheJewishProfessors LevycivitaandVolterra,investigated theageoftheearth.Theannouncementinthepressmusthaveread strangelytothosewhowerebrought uponthecalumnythatoneoftheessentialteachingsoftheCatholic Churchisthecomparativelyrecent creationoftheworld.Statedbriefly, thecalumnywasthis:"YouCatholics, followers,asyouprofesstobe,ofthe Bible,arecommittedtotheviewthat

notjustliteraturebyCatholics,in anyshapeorform,theyalwaysseem toclaimaclearerknowledgeofwhat weholdordon'tholdthanweCatholicsdoourselves.Sotheyusedto tellusthatwewerewrong;thatCatholicsasBiblicalChristiansdidhold thesixthousandyearsandsixdays.

Now,theBible,theBookparexcellence,isliterature:itisnotascientifictreatise.Moreover,ourEnglish Bibleisonlyatranslation;atranslation,infact,ofatranslation.DifficultiesoftenexistinEnglishwhere, intheoriginalHebrew,assuminga thoroughknowledgeofHebrewcustomandtradition,theydonotexist atall.Thewordday(yominHebrew)certainlyhasageneral,aswell

itcouldhavegoneonforever

man,whowasalsoafriend,issuperiortoMilton's"Lycidas"?Oncemore, theBibleisnot,neverreallyclaimed tobe,ascientifictreatise;itconveys divinetruthaccordingtothetemper andgeniusofitstime.

Whence,then,didtheliteralideaof thesixthousandyearsandsixdays come?CertainlynotfromthedoctrinesoftheCatholicChurch,Start, ifyouwill,withtheCreeds;search amongthedecreesoftheCouncils,Nowhereofficiallywillyoufindsuchan explanation.

"Literalness"camewiththehumanists,withLutherandMelancthon.One hasonlytoreadtheirfulminations againstCopernicusandGalileotosee howunswervingtheywereinliteral fidelitytoGenesis,Itwas,however, Ithink,thePlymouthBrethrenwhc incorporatedthesixthousandyears andsixdaysintotheirdefinitedoc trinalteaching,Eveninthefaceof fossilisedremains,theywouldnotadmitthealmostmeasurelessantiquity oftheearth.God,theytaught,had "planted"fossilstotestman'sfaith! The"bookofgeology"stoodcondemnedbytheBookofGod!

Onedoesnotlookformodernexperimentalscienceamongtheancients,

4,

Philosophy,yes,thestable,thechangeless;buttherefinementsofmechanical achievement,evidently,no.

Yetitissurprisingthatasearlyas thefourthcenturythegreatLatin doctor,St.Augustine,taughtan epochal,gradualformationoftheuniverse.IntheEast,too,St.Gregory ofNyassaoutlinedapossiblebasisfor aprovidential,evolutionaryformation oftheworld,Onpurelyphilosophic grounds,suppbrtingAristotle,St. ThomasAquinasopinedthatthesystemofplanetarymotion,accordingto thefourcauses,couldhavegoneon forever,Tothephilosophicallyminded,whatserenedelighttocontemplate aneternalMoverdirectingbeing,substantiatedmatter,towardsanend,endlessly!Time,meretime,didnot worrythegreatphilosophers,Amillion,millionyearsoraday-whatdifferencediditmakeinaLifethatis eternal?

Itisonlythesimpletruthtosay that,nomatterwhatunimaginable epochssciencemayrequireinitscomputations,thereisnottheslightest difficultyasfarasweCatholicsare concerned,God,creation,whetherby aprimordialnucleus,orastrictlychar-

(ContinuedonPage11.)

Catholicsarenotforbiddentoaccepttheevolutionarytheory, providedtheyrecognisetheht.mansoulisaspiritualentity createdbyGod.

thematerialuniversewascreateddirectlybytheDeitysixthousandyears ago.Moreover,yourBibleobliges youtoholdthattheuniversewas createdinsixdays."Withasmile, halfsardonic,halfpitying,theslanderershastentogiveusthewhollyimaginarycoupdegrace."Science-that is,modern,experimentalandverifiablescience-notonebranchalone butseveralunrelatedandwhollydependablebranches:astronomy,physics,geology,palaeontology,provebeyondtheslightestdoubt-'Noprobable,possibleshadowofdoubt,no possibledoubtwhatever-thattheuniverseisenormously,incrediblyold, andhasbeenformed,isstillbeing formed,byaprocessofgeneralevolution," ButweCatholicscouldhavethelast laughatDonQuixotetiltingatawindmill.Wecouldlistentotheattack, spendhoursatlectures,dayspouring evertreatises,andattheendwecould say:"Theageoftheearthis,no doubt,anintenselyinterestingand learnedstudy,Wearejustaskeen toimproveourknowledgeofprehistoryandbiologicalperiodsasyou are-butthequestionofmereage, time,observable,calculableorastronomical,hasnothingwhatevertodo (withourCatholicFaith," Stung,ouropponentsstillmaintainedthatithad,Itisremarkablethat, thoughtheyscornCatholicliterature

asaspecial,meaning.When,in GenesisII.,4,weread,"intheday thatGodmadeheavenandearth,"the word"day"referstoaperiodoftime. EveninEnglishthetermissometimes usedinthesamesense-e.g.,"Hewas agoodcricketerinhisday,""Every doghashisday,""Theeternalday."

But,thoughtheHebrew`day" sometimesdoessignify"epoch,"the moregeneralopinionamongScripture scholarsto-dayisthatthesevendays ofGenesisreallymeannaturalsolar days.Moses,inspiredbytheHoly Spirit,set!forthapopular,readilyunderstood,figurativenarrationof God'screativeact.Hispeople,nomadic,andatthattimeatalowculture-level,couldeasilyunderstandfrom thevividtableaueachscripturalday presentedtotheirgaze,thattheworld systemhadbeencreatedoutofnothing bythepowerofGod:andthiswas preciselythelessonMoseswishedto convey Thefigurative,theornate,thepoeticalwasacharacteristicofearlier times,particularlyintheEast.Genesisisanthropomorphic;therebyit doesnotceasetobetruth.\Vho woulddaretosaythatpoetryisnot aninstrumentoftruth:thatthebald statementofaploughman,"Iturned upanestoffield-miceandfeltsorry aboutit,"istobepreferredtoBurns' "OdetoaFieldmouse";thatthesober lamentforthedeathofacultured

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HolyNameSociety

Alargenumberofmemberscarried outtheirdutiesonSundaylast,particularlyinthemorning.Aftereveningdevotions,theusualmeeting,followedbyalecture,washeldinthe ParishHall.Onthisoccasionthe speakerwasMr.M.Dillon,andhedeliveredaninstructiveandinteresting addressonthe"Angelus."

AmeetingofHolyNameSociety PrefectswilltakeplaceatthePresbyteryonSundayevening,August16, afterdevotions.

PropagationoftheFaith, CollectorsofthisSocietymetonFridayeveningatthePresbytery.Those whowereunabletobepresent,and havecardsoutstanding,arerequested tohandtheminassoonasconvenient.

ChildrenofMary.

ChildrenofMaryareremindedto bepresent,morningandevening,on Sunday,August16.Ashortmeeting willbeheldintheParishHallas usual.

Parishioners'attentionisdrawnto theMembershipDriveonSundayon behalfoftheCatholicWelfareOrganisation.Agreatdealofcashisnecessarytocarryonandextendthework amongsoldierssailorsandairmen,and thebestwaytoshowsympathyisby becomingamemberatthecostofIs, yearly,ofthisdeservingorganisation.

Social,

Mr.LeoRyan,ofMcDonald-street, recentlyvisitedPerth,Hewasaccompaniedbyhisson, TheC.B.C.HouseParty,heldlast week,wasverysuccessful.Theenergeticcommitteewaspresentinfull force,andweresoonbusilyengaged entertainingthelargecrowdofcheerfulvisitorswithgamesandsupper, Theeveningwaswarmerthanusual, andeverybodyenjoyedapleasantouting,theonlyregretbeingthatseveral oftheBrotherswereindisposedand wereunabletobepresent.Latestreportisthattheyareonthemend.

ThemanyfriendsofRev.Father Planas,ofNewNorcia,learnedwith regretofhisindisposition,Heisat presentaninmateofSt.JohnofGod Hospital,Kalgoorlie,

TheDaughter ofMariaMonk

STORYOFLIZZIEECKEL.

MariaMonkisinfamousinhistory forherbook,"AwfulDisclosures" (1836),whichmalignedthereligiousof Montreal,Canada.Inquiriesrevealed that,insteadofbeinganun,asshe claimed,shehadbeenaninmateofa MagdalenAsylumandherstorywas thefabricationofanunsoundmind. Herfalsestatementswererefutedand thereligiouswhomshevilified completelyvindicated.Nevertheless throughtheyearsthewritingsof thisnotoriouspersonhaveinfluenced publicthoughtandwereatthetime responsibleforawaveofanti-Catholic feeling.

Strangeasitmayappear,thedaughterofMariaMonklivedtobecomea converttotheFaithandbuiltaCatholicchurchinAmenia,NewYork, FatherJohnLouisBonn,in"And DowntheDays,"hastoldthestoryof LizzieSt.JohnEckel,MariaMonk's daughter.Hesketcheswithconsummateskilltheinfluencesinhercareer.

ThereaderfirstglimpsesLizzieSt, JohnintheNewYorkslums,Sheis rebellingthenathersurroundingsas shedoeslaterinthehomeofher father'srelativesinAmenia,NewYork, Shehasadventuresthroughthe months,theyearsofhergirlhood,and whilestillyoungmarriesanAmerican diplomat,Widowed,shegoestolive inParisandthereamassesgreat wealth.ShebecomesthefriendofNapoleonIII,ofEugenie,oftheDukeof Mornyandothersprominentinthe lifeofFranceofthatday.Shemeets theViscountdeLaferriere,adevout (ContinuedonPage12,)

Wm.A.YOUNG FAMILYBUTCHER. CornerJOHN&FITZGERALD STREETS,PERTH. FORQUALITY1.111ATYOU'LLLOVETOEAT. 'PhoneB1416.

ShentonParkPariah

Personal.

Mrs.0.Webb,neeMissMayCampbell,whowasrecentlymarriedinSt. Joseph'sChurch,Albany,bytheRev. DeanGilroy,returnedtoSubiacoabout threeweeksago.Shewasonashort visittoherparentsatRosalie-street priortohertakingupresidenceat Sydney.Maywasonthestaffof "TheRecord"formareyears.

CorporalJamesTrevenen,ofKeightley-road,wasrecentlymarriedinSt. Joseph'sChurch,Subiaco,toMissJoan Luke.Mrs.Trevenan,senr.andher daughterBettyjourneyedfromLake Gracefortheoccasion, MissHildaJamesandMr.Desmond SheridanweremarriedonJune26in St.Joseph'sChurch,Subiaco,with NuptialMass.

Mr.HaroldOwenwasmarriedto MissGwenPassinSt.Aloysius' Church,ShentonPark,onJuly4.

Totheabovethreeyoungcoupleswe offeroursincerestfelicitations.

MissRoseCollins,ofMt.Barker,has justreturnedtothatcentreaft'tr .1 restfulholidaywithhersister,Mrs.C. Falconer,of11View-street,Subiaco.

Mr.P.Maherhasjustreturnedto Hammersley-roadafteranoperationat thePerthHospital.

SacredHeartSodality, Somefourteennewmembersofthe aboveSodalitywereformallyenrolled atthemonthlymeetingonSunday, August2,Congratulationsandbest wishesforperseveranceinyourendeavourstohonourtheSacredHeart!

Ourtwoprefects,Mrs.StubbsandMrs, Forrestal,aredelightedwiththeSodality'sincreasedmembershipandwill bepleasedtowelcomeanyfurthernew members. HolyNameSociety. Fivenewjuniormembersreceived theirbadgesonthesecondSundayof July,Theirexamplehasinspired otherjuniorstoseekadmission,and onSundaylastfourorfivemorewere nominated.Mr.S.Hirdwasconc..cratedonAugust9,andMr.H.Bradley,ofLawler-street,waswelcomedas anewmember, Dr.McCann,oftheCommonwealth MedicalStaff,addressedthemembers atourmeetingonSundaylast,His descriptionofmissionaryworkinthe North-WestofAustralia,particularly onBathurstIslandprovedmostinterestingtothemen., SuccessfulCardParties, Organisedbythelocalbranchofthe CatholicWomen'sLeague,twomost successfulSaturdayafternooncardpartieshavebeenheldinaidoftheforthcomingChildren'sBall.TheSisters aregratefultotheC.W.L.forthisgenerousgesture.Andwhatarethefacts abouttheBallitself?

Date:Wednesday,August19.

Admission:Apaltryls.

Music:Mrs,G.Carr'sorchestra, Place:Scouts'Hall,Murchison-street (offOnslow-road).

KC.:Mr.F.Boylan,ofLeederville (anexperiencedhandindeed).

Supper:Bagsofit,alaShenton Park! Ofcoursetherewillbeprizesforthe fancycostumes,andthemoonwillbe theretodefytheblack-out.

Resolution:We'llallbethereon August19, Bereavement. Weregrettoannouncethedeathon WednesdayoflastweekofMrs,E.A. Cane.Mrs.CanewasasisterofMrsSiewerd,andmother-in-lawofMr.G. Facey,ofthisparish.Weofferour sympathytoallthedeceased'srelatives.RI.P.

TOODYAY

MASSTIMETABLE.

August16:Jennacubbine,8a.m.;

Toodyay10a.m.

August23:Baker'sHill,8.30a.m.;

Toodyay.10a.m.

August30:Wongarnine,8a.m.;

Toodyay,10a,m,

Children'sFancyDressDance.

St.Joseph'sHallshouldpresenta gaysceneonFriday,August21.when theChildren'sAnnualPlainandFancy DressCarnivalwillbeheld.Forthe pastfewyearstheattendancesatthis functionhavebeenverylarge,and thehardworkingcommitteeagainanticipateahugegatheringofchildren andtheirfriends.Featuresofthis year'sCarnivalwillhetheluckyspots; andwithheapsofnovelties,etc.,it shouldprovidethekiddieswiththe "treatoftheirlives."Dancingfor adultsc,ntinuesfrom10p.muntil

NoMore Baking

12;soaroll-upoftheolderpeopleis theparishisalsodesired.Admission isonlyIs,andticketsareavailablfromMrs.Jermy,theorganisingse2.retary.

MonthlyDances, Thethirdintheseriesofmonthly dancesheldbySt.Kevin'sTennisClub takesplaceonSaturday,August22. Thecommitteeareexpectinganother largeattendance,andcanassurepatronsofanenjoyabletime.Splendid music,excellentsupper,luckyspots, areonlyafewoftheattractionsat thispopularSaturdayeveningdance. Therearestillmanyofourformer patronsofotheryearswhohavenot putinanappearanceatthesedances. Wecordiallyinvitethemtoattom,1, andtobringalongfriendswiththem. Youwillnotregretit,asthisdanceis asgoodasanyyouwillattendinthe metropolitanareaofaSaturdayeven. ing.ItisarealCatholicdance,7.7, cheeryandsocialatmosphere,and givesyouampleentertainmentfor yourpriceofadmisison.

AJOURNEYWITHLUCK, Ticketsareassociatedwithjourneys, Ifyouwanttogoonajourneywith luckbuyaticketto-dayintheNo. 116aCharitiesConsulation.Thereis aprizeof£1,000attheendofthejourney.

RubberShortageThreatensSerious EconomicCrisis

But

thereisno interferencewiththe Manufactureof Contraceptives

Demoralisingtrafficthatinvolvesnotonlywastage butruinousfifthcolumnactivity

AppealtootherChristianbodiestohelpstop the"Emancipation"ofYouthfromSpiritualand

Ouresteemedcontemporary,theMelbourne"Advocate:.inanexcel lentleadingarticle,hadthefollowinghighlypertinentremarkstopass ontheallegedrubbershortageasagainstthebackgroundofthearty tradeincontraceptives:-

APP!LUNGFIGURESOF ANTI-SOCIALWASTEIN VICTORIANPARLIAMENT.

AquestionofoutstandingimportancewasaskedintheVictorianLegislativeAssemblyon 28th,ult.,byMr.W.Barry, M.L.A.,theMemberforCarlton. Itboreonthewidespreaduseof contraceptives.Thequestion submittedtothePremierbyMr. Barrywasasunder:

1.Ifheisawarethatmore than12,000,000contraceptives,involvingtheuseofscoresoftons ofrubber,arenowbeingmanufacturedannuallyintheCommonwealth?

2.WhetherinviewtheCommonwealthGovernment'srubber savingcampaignandthedreadfulsocialwasteindicatedby thesefigures,theGovernment willimmediatelydirecttheCommonwealthGovernment'sattentiontotheurgentneedforprohibitingthefurthermanufacture ofthesearticles,andofferitsfull co-operationinanyactiontaken inthisdirection?

ThePremiermadethefollowingreply:

1.No:butthefiguresdisclosedtheHon.Memberareofa disturbingnature.

2,Iwillbringthematterunder thenoticeoftheCommonwealth Government,withwhomthe StateGovernmentwillbepreparedtoco-operateineveryway possibleinanyactiondeemed necessary.

MenacetoAustralia'sFuture.

Afterreceivingthereplyofthe Premier,Mr.Barrywasinterviewedbya"Tribune"representative."Thereplyisdefinite andpromising,"hesaid."Now thatthequestionhasbeenpubliclyventilated,Iintendtotake advantageofthefirstopportunitytosupportthepositionby forcingadiscussionintheHouse. Ifthemanufactureofthesesrtidesiscontinuedonthesame scale,itisnotdifficulttoforesee whatthepositionofAustralia willbeinthefuture,Why, therewillbenoneedforanarmedforcetoinvadeAustralia!The countrywithitsfallingpopulation,willreallygiveitselfaway. Thepositionisterriblyserious fortheCommonwealth,andI hopetheGovernmentswilltake drasticactiontocheckaterrible evil,"

Oneofthemajorproblemsofeconomicwarfarewhichhasarisenduring thelasthalf-yearistheshortageofthe rubbersuppliesavailabletotheUnitedNations,asaresultoftheoverrunningofMalayaandtheEastIndiesbytheJapanese.A"scraprubber"driveisnowinprogressinVictoria,andcitizensarebeingexhorted tohandovereverysuperfluousounce ofthispreciouscommoditytothe Governmentforwarpurposes,Atthe sametime,here,aswellasinAmerica andRussia,experimentsarebeing madeintheproductionofrubbersubstitutestoprovideforthevitalneeds oftransportandtheservices.Yet, despitethisseriouscrisis,noattempt hasyetbeenmadetointerferewith thesuppliesofrubberavailablefor theproductionofcertaintypesofcontraceptivewhichare,unhappily,in commonuseamongallclassesinthis community.Despitetheimpositionof aheavysalestaxonthis"luxuryproduct,"theindicationsarethatpurchasesaregreaterthanever.The annualfigureofthesegoodsmanufacturedinAustraliawasrecentlygivenin thepressastwelvemillions,involving theuseofscoresoftonsofrubber.

Thenewspapers,andleadersofvariousreligiousbodies,havebeenvery rightlycallingattentiontotheenormous"DrinkBill"ofthiscountry.The scandalouswasteofmoneyinthis fashion,and,thedamagetohealthand moralsfrequentlyresultingfromitis :ndeedamatterwhichoughttobe 'thesubjectofdrasticattentionbylegislators.But,whilethesocialandindividualillsproducedbythemisuseof liquorstriketheeyeandarousestrong protest,thecancerofcontraception worksitsdeadlyworkuponournationallifealmostunnoticed.Those, however,whoareconcernedwith morethanthesurfaceofthingscannotavoidrealisingthetruththatthe largeamountofrubberusedinproducingitsfoulinstrumentsisnotmerely wastedfromthepointofviewofwar production-itisservingthepurposes ofwhatis,inreality,"fifthcolumn" workofamostruinouskind,which hasalreadybeenmoreserviceableto ourenemiesofto-daythananyother typeofsabotage.Whenweconsider whatthefallinthiscountry'sbirthratehasmeantinlossofmanand womanpowerduringthelastthirty years,wecanonlysaythatthosewho haveaided,andstillaid,intheinterruptionofthenaturalflowoflifeby artificialdevices-thatis,theproducers ofcontraceptivesandthoseresponsiblefortheirdistributiontothepublic-havebeenengagedinatraffic which,whileitmaynotbedescribed technicallyas"treasonable,"hasallthe effectsoftreasonmostfoul,sinceit tendsdirectlytothedestructionofthe State.

MoralDiscipline

Isadditiontotheimmediatephysicalconsequencesofthecontraceptive traffic,indeprivingAustraliaoftheservicesofuncountedmyriadsofchildren whohavenotbeenborn,wehaveto consideritseffectonthepersonallife ofindividuals-moreespeciallythe young,Fearofsocialshameisnota highmotiveforvirtuousconduct,any morethanfearofhell-yetbothare capableofaddinggreatweighttothe forceofhumanresistanceinhoursof fleshlytemptation,Theremustbe manytowhomthepathtowardssexualdemoralisationhasbeensmoothed bythecertaintyofavoidingpenalties whichcontraceptivemethodsafford: theiropensaleinshopsandthewidespreadpropagandaexplainingtheir use,provideanaddedincentivetoillicitindulgencetoayouthalready "emancipated"bysecularisteducation fromthespiritualandmoraldisciplinesoftheChristianpast.Inthe knowledgethatimmunitycanbeeasilypurchasedforcash,theyform habitsofirresponsiblesexualitywhich exhaustvitalityfruitlesslyanddegradeandbrutalisethecharacter;the wholeoutlookuponsexualrelationshipsisconceivedintermsofmere appetiteandpleasurewithouttheleast regardtotheirsignificanceasregards thecommunity,orthepersonalitiesof thoseimmediatelyconcerned.Marriagebecomesaninstitutionlegalisingtheserelationships,sothatthe "fun"involvedisnolongeranimpropriety:thenotionthatitshouldbe thebeginningofafreshsetofrelationships-thoseofthefamily-isremote fromthethoughtoftoomanyofthe youthofto-day.

Wehavenoillusionsaboutwhatis obeexpectedfromtheprohibition

oftheproductionandsaleofcontraceptives.Thehorridtrafficinthese horridthingsisnottherootofthe disorderswhichhavemadeoursociety sterile,Theyareonthemarketbecausetheyfulfilademand:andif theyaredrivenoutofopencirculation, theywillundoubtedly and soldinsecret.Theonlyfullcurefor thesterilityofoursocietyliesina transformationofitsmoraloutlookas wellasitseconomicmachinery.An ActofProhibition,however,would putanendtoascandalousparadox withregardtothemisuseofourslender rubberresources;itwouldcertainly diminishthetemptationofeasyimmunitytotheyoungandunmarried;and itwouldindicatethattheauthorities aresufficientlyconcernedwithregard tothebirth-ratetotakelegislativeaction,insteadofconfiningthemselves topiousexhortationsatmoments whenindividualscanbepersuaded fromtheostrich-likehabitofignoring therealities, TheotherChristianbodiesofAustralia,weareaware,arenotprepared togowithusCatholicsinthecondemnationofartificialdevicesforbirth preventionineverycircumstance:but wefeelconfidentthatweshallhave theirsupportinourprotestagainst theopen,demoralisingtrafficincontraceptivestoallandsundrywhich nowprevailsinthiscountry,Likeus, theystandforstableandfruitfulfamilylife,andforthoseChristianconceptionsoftheaimandmeaningof sexwhicharethreatenedwithdestruction.Weaskthem,inthename ofGod,ofAustraliaandofthefuture ofhumanity,tostandwithus,andnot toremainsilentonthismostcritical issueatthismostcriticalhourinour history,

PEERLESSBREADMANUFACTURERS

145FITZGERALDSTREET,PERTH.

OurMotto:"QUALITYandSERVICE."

Specialties-VIENNABREADandROLLS.

'Phone:B1041.

-Washdaysare Easier

RelaxSoapwilltakethehard workoutofwashdaysfor YOU,Relaxisgentleonthe fabricandyourhands;washes clothesasnowywhite;and NOhardrubbingisnecessary.AlwaysuseRELAXin YOURwashtub.(Obtainableinthreesizes.)

MADIINW.A.BYWIBTRALIANSOAPSLTD.

QnteicottoTenacm

Zerbinos -incifitia(-17Week-10ns

NuptialMasswascelebratedatSt, Patrick'sChurch,Fremantle,onJuly 4,byRev,FatherBreslin,whenRosa Josephina,youngerdaughterofMrs.J andthelateMr.P.Andinach,of21; Moss-street,EastFremantle,wasjoinedinholymatrimonytoP,f.c,Alex. anderPaulZerbinos,UnitesStates Army,eldestsonofMr,andMrs.P. Zerbinos,ofNashua.Newhampshire, U.S.A.

Thebrideworealovelywhitesatin trainedgownwithhighneckline,ornamentedwithdiamenteclips,apresentfromthegroom.Hersheafcon-

Tsistedofwhitetuberosesnestedin tulle. MissBerylMoignardwasbridesmaid,andchoseapicturefrockof rosepinkandblueshottaffetaand carriedasheafofredrosesand gladioli.Thedutiesofbestmanwere carriedoutbyPte.GeorgeW.Adams, UnitedStatesArmy, Thebridewasgivenawaybyher brotherPte,JohnAndinach,A.M.F.

Theweddingbreakfastwasheldin theParishHall,whichwaskindlydonotedbytheOblateFathers,

SecretofLiving

Whodoesn'twishtobehappy?Who isn'teverinsearchofhappiness?But howmanyachieveit?

Happinessissoughtforinmanyhighwaysandbyways,Eachhasher ownideaofwhathappinessis.To oneitmaybemarriage,toanothersuccessinacareertostillanotheritmay bewealth,orfame,orbeauty, Wereckonhapinessintermsofappetitesandemotions.Wedefineit asatangible,materialsomethingtobe possessedandenjoyedand,even, flaunted.Insomanycasesishappinessincomplete,orevenpossible,unlesslessfortunateonesaremadeenviousofit,

Wehavebecomesodependentupon commercialprovidersof"amusement" thatwehavealmostlostourabilityto defineastateofindividualhappiness. Insteadweseektobuyitatsomuch perhourorperthrill,for,somehow, happiness,wethink,shouldthrillusas wellasgratifyourinsatiablehunger forit.

Inthisrespectweareapoor,shabby lot.Evenwhenweprayitistoask favourswhich,ifgranted,webelieve willcontributetohappiness-aswe knowit, Thosetwincursesofmodernhumanity,thoseterribletwinswhocouldeach havebeenaninestimableboon,the cinemaandtheradiohavedebasedus toastateofemotionalinertiawhich hasmadeusbelievethatnomatter whatwethinkhappinessisitcanbe

FranciscanSocialClub

SecondFloor,BactonHouse, HaySt.(nextGleddenBuilding).

*LuncheoneveryThursday, 12-2p.m.Lecturetteand discussion.

Women'smeeting2.30-4p.m.

Acordialinvitationisextended toallinterested

Highgate If Hi

TheParents'andFriends'AssociationoftheSacredHeartPrimary Schoolhasbeenactiveduringthelast month,Thecardparty,heldonthe afternoonofJuly15,wasquitesuccessful. AeuchrepartyheldonJuly7,attractedalargenumberofpatrons,and allthoroughlyenjoyedit,Firstand secondprizesweregiven,and,inaddition,therewasaprizeforlucky tableandluckynumbers, Avery excellentsupperwasserved.Many requestsforanothersucheveningwere made,butowingtosicknessamongthe officersithasnotbeenpossibletoorganiseonesofar, Assoonasworkmenareavailable thesheltersforthechildrenwillbe proceededwith. Patronsareremindedthatthenext bridgepartywillbeheldonWednesday,August19,playtocommenceat 2,15p.m.Refreshmentswillbe served,

Personal

Anotherrecentrecruittotli

A.1V,A.S.DecipheringBranchisMiss DorothyCross,ofWestPerth,Miss Cross,wholeftlastweektocommence hertrainingintheEasternStates,is aneiceofRev.FatherA.J,Goodman,M,S.C.,ofSydney,andisapast pupilofSt.Brigid'sConvent,West Perth,

THE L.CY. HIGHGATE

TheL,C.Y,,Highgate,Branch,held theirusualfortnightlydanceinthe ParishHall.Thehallwasprettily decoratedinmulti.colouredpaper flowersandstreamers.Fromthecentreofthestagehungabasketoftrailingroses,fromwhichwascaught brightlycolouredstreamerswhich formedacanopyoverthecentreofthe stage.

Thehallpresentedahappygatheringofyoungpeoplewhoenjoyeda grandnight'sentertainment, Weextendaspecialinvitationto youngladiesoftheparish,aswehave anumberofvisitingyoungVictorians andwouldlikemorepartners.

DuringtheeveningMissShirley Burge,whohasacharmingvoice,sang twopopularnumbers,"TheAussies andYanksAreHere"and"I'llSee YouAgain,"forwhichshereceived prolongedapplause.

Twelveyoungpeoplewhoweresittingonluckychairseachreceiveda bagofsweets,Prizeswerealsogiven forseveralluckyspotdances.

ThedancewillberepeatedonWednesday,August19,whenwehopeto meetallouryoungfriendsonceagain.

Aspecialannouncementforthose whohavenotyetattendedthesepopu lardancesisthateveningdressisoptional.MissPatReid,acleveryoung elocutionist,willbeourguestartist. Theadmisionisonly1/6, ENGAGEMENTNOTICE.

TheengagementisannouncedbetweenMaryRosedellaValle,ofKitchener-road,Melville,andMaurice PaulMcKinley,ofMoorePark,Moore.

Webb- CampbellWedding

Happily

bought.Andalmosteverynotionof happinessisbasedonafalsepremise tingedwiththeunrealityofastateof mindthatmightbecalledHollywoodian.

Andtheresultisthatmostofusare asfaraseverfromhappiness-simply becauseweseekitwhereitdoesnot, andcannot,exist,andbecausewethink weneverhaveenoughmoneywith whichtopurchaseasmuchaswewant ofit. Thegreatestmistakeweallmakein thisfutilesearchistobeginwiththe assumptionthathappinessissomethingthatwehavetogooutandlook forThisiswhereweallarewrong, andthisiswhythosewhoarealways searchingforhappinessneverfindit.

The"Imitation"tellsus:"Whenever amandesirethanythinginordinately, straightwayheisdisquietedwithin himself,Theproudandthecovetous areneveratrest;thepoorandthe humbleinspiritpasstheirlifein abundanceofpeace."

Haveyoueverthoughtthathappi nessisalreadywithinyou?Thatitis stillwithinyou?Thatitislying smotheredunderaheapoffrustrations, falselystimulatedhungers,vapid wantsandthemiserableresultsof yourownfolly?

Ifyouwishtolivehappily,and, ofcourse,youdo,beginaprocessof soul-strippingtouncoverwithinthat complexYou,waitingtobediscovered, This,however,isnotquitesucha simplematteraschangingyourfrock. Asacreatureofhabitsyouwilllearn theoldhabitsdiehard.Butyour needofhappinessmaybegreatenough toannihilateyourcinema-radio-conditionedinertia.Forawhileyouwill belikeadiamondcutterwithouthis tools,strivingwithcrudesubstitutes touncoverfromitsworthless,stony matrixthejewelwhosegleamcan dimlybeseenthroughthecracks,But afterawhilethestrugglebecomesfun, andwhenitdoesyouarethenonthe fringeofhappiness.

AtSt,Joseph'sChurch,Albany,on June13,aninterestingweddingwas solemnisedbyRev.DeanGilroy,when May,seconddaughterofMr.andMrs, W.CampbellofSubiaco,wasmarried toMr.OliverG.Webb,U.S.N.,of Arkansas,U.S.A.

Thebride,whowascharminglyattiredinbluewithgreyaccessories,and shouldersprayofpinkroses,wasgiven awaybyMr.L.Dufour,U.S.N.She

wasattendedbyhersister,Lieutenant N,Campbell,asbridesmaid,withMr. 1.R,Bennett,U.S.N.,asbestman. Aftertheceremonyareceptionwas heldattheFreemasonsHotel,Albany,duringwhichthehappycouple werepresentedwithahandsomecanteenofcutlery,agiftfromtheship's company.Mrs.Webbwasaformer memberof"TheRecord"staffand waswell-knowninCatholiccirclesin theShentonParkParish,

clircObtocon

Virtue&ViceSquads

Thatithasbeenfoundnecessarytoconcerttheeffortsof civilandmilitarypoliceinaViceSquadto"cleanup"thestreets isapainfulreflectionuponourpeopleandourcapital.Thatthis actionsprangfromnohighermotivethanadeterminationtostem thespreadofvenerealdiseaseisalsohumiliating.But,however earthlythemotive,andhowevernegativetheprocess,therewas generalagreementthatsomeactionhadtobetakentomeetthe moralirresponsibilityofadisconcertinglylargeelementofour youth.Itwas,therefore,withconsiderablebewildermentthat onereadinthepressthatalocalpoliticianhadseenfittotakeup thecudgelsonbehalfofthosewhowereapparentlybeingvictimisedbytheViceSquadfor"so-calledvice."Herefusedtobe worriedbythefactthat,sincethewarbegan.therehadbeen womenonthestreetsfollowingtheprofessionofthestreets.There wasreallynooccasionforanxiety,because'mostofthemwere followingtheirnaturalinstincts."Inbrief,'theyweregoverned byanurgeasoldasAdam."Andwithconsummate,ifunconsciousirony,heendedwithapleafor"amorerationalviewof thewholeposition!"

TheseviewswerestigmatisedbyanothermemberoftheLegislativeAssemblyas"absolutehooey"-anexpressionwhichcompensatesinforcefulnesswhateveritmaylackinelegance.Ithas alsothesavinggraceoftruth.Fornomanremaininginthe Christiantraditioncanbeatolerantspectatorofthedegradationof ourwomanhood.Thisonemattermightbemadeserveasthe testofacivilisation.WomanhasonlybeenelevatedandhonouredintheChristianschemeofthings,andif,to-day,sheisslippingbackintoapaganevaluation,thenitistruethedaysofchivalryarepassing,butitiseventruerthatthedaysofChristianity arepassing,andthatweareenteringagainthebleakwaste-landof barbarism.Itisfatuoustofavourtolerancetowardssexualpromiscuityonthegroundsof"naturalinstincts,"or'governedbyan urge."Eatingisanaturalinstinct,butgluttonyisnot,andonly apervertcouldinanysensebesaidtobe"governed"byanurge. Thesadtruth,andperhapsthewholetruth,isthatinsomequarters defeathasbeenacceptedevenbeforethebattlehasbeenjoined. Onlyabeliefintheunimportanceofvirtuecanexplainthebelief intheinevitabilityofvice.

Thereare,however,aspectsoftheactivityoftheViceSquad whichseemtocallforcomment.Thefirstisthebroaddifference betweentheapproachtotheproblembytheChurch,onone hand,andtheStateontheother.TheChurchhasalwaysstriven toremovefrompeopletheoccasionsofsin,whiletheStatenever seemstogetbeyondthenotionofremovingpeoplefromtheoccasionsofimpropriety.Intheabsenceofsuitableinstitutionsfor thecorrectionofwaywardyouths,acuriouspositionarises.The policeremoveyouthsfromthestreetswheretheywillprobably lapseintocrime,butthemagistrateshavenooption,afterwarnings,buttocommitthemtogaol,wheretheywillcertainlylapse intocrime.Thisdoesnotseemacurativemeasure,andtheState Governmentiscertainlyfallingdownonitsjobofcaringfordelinquents.Again,itseemspassingstrangetochargeminorswith "beingneglected."Onewouldexpectamoreactiveattitude. Surelysomeoneshouldbechargedwith"havingneglected"children.Itseemspreposteroustotrythechildandnottheparents. Unhappilyonecannotcommitthesecularschoolsystemfortrial. Butuntilthedualproblemoftheirresponsiblehomeandthe amoraleducationistackled,alltheViceSquadsintheworldwill hemerelyheatingtheair.

August26-Sa,m,:PresideatCeremoniesofReceptionandProfession atSistersofMercyNovitiate,Vic. toriaSquare.

August27-7a.m.:ConsecrateAltarof CarmeliteMonasteryChurch,Nedlands.

August30-9a.m.:CanonicalVisitationatHopeValley.

September1-3p.m.:Confirmationof childrenattendingReligiousHoliday School,atKellert:errin.

September7-3p.m.:PresideatCeremonyofReception,atSt.Mary's ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS. Convent, September Leederville, 18-10a.m.:Presideat August22-8a.m.:PresideatCere- QuarterlyConferenceofPriestsof monyofReceptionatPresentation Convent,"Iona,"MosmanPark. theMetropolitanArea,attheChapterHall,VictoriaSquare.

HolyzieeGrants

DispensattionfroirnLaw ofAbstinence

SPECIALWAR-TIMEMEASURE

Owingtotheeverincreasingdifficultyofobtainingfishand othersuitablefoodonFridays,theBishopsofAustraliaappliedto theHolySeeforpermissiontograntaDispensationfromtheLaw ofAbstinence.TheHolyFatherhasgrantedthepetition,and authorisedeachBishoptodispensehissubjectsfromthisecclesiasticallaw,AshWednesdayandGoodFridayonlyexcepted.This isawartimemeasure,renderednecessarybywartimedifficulties. Itwillremaininforceaslongastheconditionsthatrenderedit necessaryprevail.

HisGracetheArchbishopherebygrantsthisDispensationto thefaithfuloftheArchdioceseofPerthasfromFriday,August21 (inclusive).Whilstgrantingthisconcession,theArchbishopexpressesthesincerewishthatthespiritofFridayasadayofmortificationwillbemaintained.Thefaithfulareexhortedtoperformsomeextraexerciseofpiety,forinstance,assistanceatMass onFridaymorning;therecitationoftheSorrowfulMysteriesof theRosary.;performingtheWayoftheCross,andthelike.Thus Fridaywillstillremainadayofmortificationinmemoryofthe sufferingsofourDivineRedeemer.

ST.DOMINIC'SDAYAT DONGARRAPRIORY

Tuesday.August4,wasadayof greatrejoicingatSt.Dominic'sPriory, Dongarra,wherethefeastoftheHoly FounderoftheDominicanOrderwas keptwithquietjoyandsolemnity.The firstprofessionoftwoyoungnovices, ex-pupilsoftheCollege,wasanadditionalsourceofjoytotheCommunity andtothepupilsoftheCollege,who wereprivilegedtowitnessthegreat event.

ThealtaroftheConventChapelwas artisticallydecoratedwithblooms fromtheCollegegardens,andtheday wasanidealoneforafestiveoccasion.

At10a.m.HisLordshipDr.Gummer,andseveralpriestsarrivedfrom GeraldtonforthecelebrationofHoly Mass,whichbeganat11a.m.,andwas celebratedbyRev,FatherGallagher, assistedbyRev.FatherO'Flaherty, HisLordshiptheBishop,Rev,Father Prendergast,andRev.FatherTressiter,MilitaryChaplaininGeraldton, werepresentintheSanctuary.

TheNuns'Choir,underthecapable guidanceofRev.FatherWilliam, 0.S.B.,sangtheMissaNona,byRev, FatherMoreno,O,S.B,

AttheconclusionofHolyMass,the twonovices,afterexpressingtheirwish tobeprofessed,wereconductedtothe Altar,beforewhichtheymadetheir vowsinthehandsofMotherPrioress Generalandpromisedtoobservepov. erty,chastityandobedienceaccording totheRuleofSt.Augustineandthe ConstitutionsoftheSistersofthe OrderofSt.Dominic

Thesimpleceremonywasfollowed. byBenedictionoftheMostHolySacrament,andtheclergyandrelativesof theprofessedadjournedtotheCollege Hall,whereadaintyluncheonwas servedbytheSisters.

Thenoviceswhomadeprofession wereS.M.Gabriel(MissTessieBarden, Mullewa),andS.M.Michael(MissPatriciaRyan,Meekatharra).

HisLordshipremainedinDongarra overnight,offeredHolyMassatthe PrioryonWednesdaymorning,and gaveBenedictionatmid-day.Inthe afternoonhesetoutforMingenewand ThreeSprings,inordertoconducthis firstofficialvisitationofthoseparishes,

S 0 ectitacLA

Sunday,August16:OpeningofOatholicGirls'MovementArtsGroup, withlecturebyDr,Ford,on"The ValueofCulture-inTheatreof C.B.C.,St.George'sTerrace,8p.m,

Tuesday,August18:C.G.M.Card Evening,atClubRooms,Bankof NewSouthWalesChambers,Terrace Branch.

Wednesday,August19: L,C.Y, Dance,inParishHall,Highgate.

Thursday,August20:LibraryLecture:Mr.KeithSpruhan,on"The MemoryofChesterton,"atCentralCatholicLibrary,36PierStreet,Perth; 8p.m.

Friday,August21:Generalmeeting ofnewmembersofC.G.M.,atClub Rooms;8p.m.

TuesdayAugust25:C.G.M.fortnightlyDance,inCecilBuilding,SherwoodCourt,

SchoolsRallyto SupportC.W.O.

BRIDGETOWN'SSPECIALEFFORT

Thefollowingdonations,madesince July6,havebeenreceivedfromConventSchoolchildrenthroughoutthe Archdiocesetohelpontheworkof theC.W.O.BridgetownConventSchool inparticularhasmadearemarkable effort,havingintheshortspaceof onemonthdonated£11:£s.d, 6/7/.42:ConventofMercy, Bridgetown 226 8/7/'42:St,Joseph'sConvent, Albany 13/7/'42:St.Philomena'sConvent,Narrogin 220 15/7/'42:ConventofMercy, Bunbury 306 22/7/.42:St.Brigid'sPrimary School,WestPerth300 22/7/'42:St.Brigid'sHigh School,WestPerth520 30//7/42:ConventofMercy, Bridgetown 3176 30/7/'42:SacredHeartConvent, MoorineRock 3100 5/8/'42:St.Joseph'sConvent, Kellerberrin 300 10/8/'42:ConventofMercy, Bridgetown 500

1 00

Cathatiegirls/41ovanent InauguralLecture ofArtsGroup

by /DrC.EdgarGrorc_

on "TheValueo(

ISUNDAYEVENING,AUGUST16,AT8p.m.I

1:

INTHETHEATREOFTHE i CHRISTIANBROTHERS'COLLEGE, ST.GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH. I

TheCatholicGirls'Movementisfortunateindeedinbeingprivilegedtoinaugurateitsculturalactivitieswitha talkon"TheValueofCulture"byso eminentalecturerasDr.Ford.This lecturewillbefollowedbyaregular seriesarrangedbythevariousArts groupsandcoveringmusic,thedrama, literature,etc.

Dr.Fordwilltreatofcultureingeneral,andinitself,Hislecturewill suggestanorientationforallthegroups beingorganised.Hehimselfhasbeen theassistantorganistintheSouthwark Cathedralforthepastsevenyears,as wellasorganistandDirectorofMusic intheRockhamptonParishChurch, London.Theorganinthelatterisa fourmanual,electricinstrument,with doubletouchand94movementsfor controllingstops, ThroughoutAustraliaDr.Fordis wellknown,ashehasbeenExaminer andLecturerfortheTrinityCollegeof Musicforover20years.Hehasalso animposinglistofcompositionstohis credit.Theseconsistofahundred worksforOrchestra,Orchestraand Choir,Songs,PartSongs,andpieces forpianoandorgan.Oversixtyof theseworkshavebeenpublished,

Inadditiontohisworkoflecturing andwritingarticlesforvariouspapers, Dr.FordhasgivenRecitalsinthe UnitedKingdom,AustraliaCanada, India,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,and Palestine.Hehasalsotravelledvery extensivelythroughmanyEuropean countriesaswellasNewfoundland, Kenya,South-WestAfricaandAmerica.

Hislectureissuretoproveabsorbingtoallinterestedinthefinerthings oflife,andalthoughprimarilymeant forintendingmembersoftheCatholic Girls'Movement,whoareallcordially invited,awelcomewillalsobeextendedtofriendsofthegirlsthemselvesandmembersoftheirfamilies,who willallbegivenanopportunityofhavingtheMovementexplainedtothem. ItishopedthattherewillbeagoodattendanceonSundayevening,andthe C.G.M,Committeearegratefultothe ChristianBrothersfortheuseoftheir beautifulnewtheatrefortheoccasion, ANOPENINVITATION,THEN,IS

EXTENDEDTOALLINTERESTED INTHECATHOLICGIRLS'MOVEMENT.

Followingthisinaugurallectureand meetingoftheArtsGroup,talkson MusicwillbegiveneverySundayeveningattheC.G.M.headquarters,first floor,BankofNewSouthWalesBuildingsTerraceBranch(twodoorswest ofSherwoodCourt).Acommittee, comprisingRev.FatherLynch(Dio- cesanDirectorofMusic),andMisses MarciaHodges,MargaretHanley,and CarmelMoran,istakingchargeofall musicalactivitiesoftheMovement. Besidestheregularweeklytalkson musicandcomposers,interspersed fromtimetotimewithrecitals,an-angementsareinhandfortheformation ofaChoralClubandanOrchestra, TheDramaticGroupisbeingformsedunderthedirectionofMissLib,

Cavanagh,assistedbyMissPhylli2 Welby. Girlsinterestedinthesevariousactivitiesshouldcontactmembersofthe generalcommittee,whowillbeinattendanceattheClubRoomsintheTerraceeverydinnerhourbetween12and 2(whereaLunchClubhasalready beenstarted),andeveryeveningduringtheweek, Nextweekamorecompleteexplanationoftheidealsandorganisationof theMovementwillbegiveninthese columns.

C0.M.

Dances

TheCatholicGirls'Movementheld itsopeningdanceintheOddfellows* HallonTuesdayAugust4.Itwasan unqualifiedsuccess,andmostdistricts wererepresentedforthisofficiallaunchingofthesocialsideoftheMovement. 11r.GuthArdaghexcelledhimselfas M,C.,andMissMyraWilloughby'sorchestrawasverypopular.Duringthe eveningtherewereseveralnovelty dancesandlateronabuffetsupperwas served, Infutureitisintendedtoholdthese C.G.M.Dancesfortnightly.Thenext willbeheldinCecilBuilding,SherwoodCourt,onTuesday,the25th,inst., andthoughrunbytheMovement,the dancesareforthebenefitofallCatholicyoungpeople,particularlyofthe cityarea, ItishopedtheywillbewellpatronisedbymembersoftheMovementand theirfriends,asyoungCatholicmen intheForcesonleavehaveforsome timebeenaskingforCatholicsocial lifeinthecity,andwerequitethrilled toknowthatastarthadbeenmadeat last.

Remember,thenextisonTuesday week,August25,inCecilBuilding, SherwoodCourt,justbehindthebig C.M.L.Building.

Amongthosepresentatthelast dancewere:MargaretSanderson,MargaretKenny,MaryEvansMollyLalor, JoyceStarr,KeithNorrish,L.S,Ryan, K,Foley,H.Sparks,B,Lawson, BrendaMiller,MarciaClamp,M.Child, HChild,K.Perrott,K.Donoghue,M. Gatti,R.Ryan,E.Sanderson,J.Sanderson,R.WornerM,Porter,Heather Harper,H.McCasker,J,McGuiness,H. Villiers,B.Wannless,S.Forbes,T. Brennan,J.Flannagan,M.Lalor,M.J. Hastie,J.Buckley,F.Clarke,Bob Lang,G.Kinezeiveiz,R,Hantten,D. Leede,P.HickeyJ.Rison,G.McGuinness,J.Goodge,Dr.A,Pincher,P. Prendiville,S.Mye,VinDavidson,K, Regan,M.Wanless,MaureenDaly, GuthrieArdagh,E.Marshall,A.Poole, D.Jackson,M,Truslove,P.Dolan,M. Webster,H,Marshall,M.Coonan,Sgt. HastieL.Streng,D.Dolan,M.McAdamC.Coonan,P.Hendry,R,McAdam,,F.Goddard,T,Perrott,T. Whately,W.Quealy,AlNogeothe,E. Gumm,M.Lang,C.Hoyne,Sig.J.McGuigan,SheilaDalyR.Valenga,Jose Brennan,N.Gossage.

R

Broadcastsfrom CatholicChurches During1942

Thefollowingbroadcastshavebeen arrangedthroughtaLion6WN:BROADCASTFROMST.PATRICK'S CHURCH,FREMANTLE.

Sunday,August16,at4p.m.

PreacherVeryRev-FatherT.Haugh, Thechoirwillbecomposedofpupils fromSt.Joseph'sLadies'Collegeand theParryStreetParochialSchool,and willbedirectedbytheDiocesanDirectorofSacredMusic,Rev,Father AlbertLynch,Theorganistwillbe MissKathleenDroney.

September6-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

September20-4p.m.:St.Brigid's, WestPerth. October18-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral(MissionSunday), October25-4p.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral(FeastofChristtheKing).

November1-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCatheDedcreal.mber6-11am.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

Library

Thursdaynext,next,August20: Mr.KeithSpruhanon "TheMemoryof Chesterton

TheLibraryLectureserieswillcontinueonThursdayevening,20th.inst.,at8p.m.,attheCentralCatholicLibrary,36Pier Street.ThelecturerwillbeMr.K.Spruhan,whowillspeakon "TheMemoryofChesterton."

ThewinterseriesofLibraryLectureshasbeenverywellattended,andtheLegionofMaryistobecongratulatedontheir happychoiceofspeakers.Thesubjectstreatedhavealsobeen ofavariedandinterestingnature.

ThelectureswillcontinueeachfortnightonThursdayeveningsuntiltheendofthewinter,andregularpatronsareassured thattheinterestandqualityofthetalkswillbemaintained.An addedattractionisthedaintysupperwhichisservedbytheladies ofthecommitteeaftereachtalk.

QUARANT'ORE

AUGUST.

Sunday.

3rd.VictoriaPark:FortyHours' Prayer(14th.-16th.). Donnybrook:OneDayofExposition.

4th.Fremantle:FortyHours'Prayer (21st.-23rd.).

5th.Ka/goorlie:FortyHours'Prayer (28th.-30th.).

ThedeathoccurredattheBusselton HospitalonTuesday,11th,inst,,of Mr.J.J,Ryan,of"Fairlawn."The lateMr,Ryaniswellknownthrough. outtheState,havinghadfarmingand hotelinterestsintheGeraldtondistrict. Hewasalsoatonetimemanagerof theSavoyHotel,Perth,andinrecent yearstookupthepropertyatBusselton.Thedeceasedgentlemanleaves alargefamily,oneofwhomisRev. FatherF.Ryan,ofWagin.Requiem MasswascelebratedinSt.Joseph's Church,Busselton,onWednesday morning.Mayherestinpeace.

MetropolitanSocialCouncil.

Allmembersofthecouncilvotedthe fortnightlydancesahugesuccess,and wehopethattheattendancenext weekatHighgatewillincreaseparticularlyofourfriendsinuniform,

TheHibernianLadies'Retreatwill beheldatSouthPerthonAugust29th. week-end,inconjunctionwithOld NewNorciagirls,Retreatantsare askedtosendtheirnamestoSecretary, orringB3753.Agoodattendanceis expected.

Nextmeetingofthecouncilwillbe heldonFriday,August28,andfollowingthatdateeveryfortnight.Members,pleasenotethisalteration, St.Joachim'sBranch.

ThepresidentBroP.Reidy,presidedoverawellattendedmeetingon August3.Twonewmemberswere initiated.Sickpaywaspassedfor onemember,Weextendoursincere sympathytoSergt,Bro,F.,Ellyard, R.A.A.F.,atthesadnewsthathisbro therwaskilledatDarwinonthe2nd. inst.R.I.P.Thesecretaryreported havingreceivedacardfromMajor Bro,H,S.Heagney,whoisaprisoner ofwar.Hesendshiswarmestregards toellHibernianfriends.Weare pleasedtosaythatBro,V.Murphyhas quiterecoveredfromhisrecentillness Thesecretaryreportedthathehas beencalledupfortheCivilConstructionCorps,andistogotoAlbany.Sr. F.M.Murphywaselectedactingsecretaryforthepresent.Thepresident expressedhisdeepregretatlosingBro, Murphy,andwishedhimthebestof luckandhopedhewouldreturnsoon.

RandolphKnapp W.AO.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE, FREMANTLE.

MembersareremindedthatthequarterlyCommunionofthebranchwill takeplaceonSunday,23rd,instat7 o'clockMass.

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

B,RyanpresidedoverawellattendedmeetingheldonMonday,10th.inst., atwhichweretwonewcomers,B. FlynnandJ.Hughes.Thepresident welcomedRev,FatherBreslin,from Fremantleparish,whopromisedhe wouldarrangeasocialeveningforthe societyagainstthevisitingforcesat Fremantle, Memberswerepleasedtoseetheattendancesoftwoofthepioneersofthe society,inG.McGuinessandRon Morris,andwehopetheywillagain putintheirappearance, Twonewcomers,N.GrayandP. Bennscertainlyknowhowtoputit overtheoldermembersinbasketball, buttheoldmemberscanstillhold theirowninbobs.

Afterthegameswerefinished,mem hers,becauseoftherain,wereforcedto waithalfanhourintheporch,anda fewmembersdemonstratedhowBing Crosbyclimbedtofame.Butothers thoughtthatalthoughthesingingwas fair,Bingwouldstillbeabletohold hiscontract.

Thenextmeetingofthesocietywill beonMonday,August17.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

By"RON."

OrganisedSocialMatches.

Theshieldmatchcommitteehavearrangedanotherseriesofinter-clubsocialmatches,tobeplayedonSunday August23.Theseareasfollows:

St,ColumbaandSt.Thomas',to meetSt.Kevin's,atSubiaco.

St.Mary'sandHighgatetomeet Nedlands,atNedlands.

St.Patrick'sandStaroftheSea,to meetSt.Joachim's,atVictoriaPark.

TheresiansandSt.Anthony's,to meetSt,Brigid's,atWestPerth, Clubsecretariesareurgedtotake noticeofthesematches,andinform membersofsame.Playshouldcom menceat2p.m.,and6d.ballfeeisto bechargedeachplayer.

McMullan410,Brown 65 SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE. LICENSEDSANITARYPLUMBERS,DRAINERS,IRONWORKERS. Telephone: L2474.

C.B.C.,Perth

SPORTINGRESULTS.

C.B.C.DefeatsChristchurch. Playingexcellentfootballatthe W,A.C.A.GroundlastWednesday, C.B.C.registeredafinewinagainst Christchurch.Attackingfromthe start h wewereabletosendthebat forwardfrequently,but,owingtothe gustynatureoftheweather,manyof ourshotsforgoalfailedtoregister fullpoints.Inspiteofthisthescores atfulltimewere:C.B.C.,1328:Christchurch,0.1.

BestforC,B.C,:RegStubbs,Albert Smith,Doug,Nelson,LloydGreenwood,W.O'Grady,GoalswerekickedbyFergusson(3),O'Grady(3), Lynch(2),Nelson(2).

C.B.C.DefeatsModernSchool.

OnthepreviousWednesdayweplayedagameagainsttheModernSchool 2nd,XVIII,andwoneasilybyC.B.C.,13.16;ModernSchool,3.2. BestforC.B.C.wereBertSmith, Doug.Nelson,JimDaly.BobElliott, RegStubbs.

Under15:C.B.C.DefeatsC.B.,Leederville.

ThegamewasplayedatLeederville andresultedinawinfor"Terrace."

Thescoreswere:C.B.C.,7.11;Leederville,1.3.

BestforC.B.C.:R.Stubbs,T.Franklyn,F.O'Sullivan,V.Myles, Under14:C.B.C.DefeatsWesley.

Inahard-foughtgame,whichwas keenlycontestedrighttothefinish, "Terrace"defeatedWesleyontheir homegroundbyonepoint:C.B.C.,3,6: Wesley,3.5.

C.B.C.bestwere:J.Lekias,T. Franklyn,Des.George,StanCarr, Under12, C.B.C.,13.20,defeatedSt.Louis,32.

BestforC.B.C.:MaurieFoley,D. Kennerley,RonClarke,PatHickey. Goals:M.Foley(5).

MAGAZINESHOP.

506HAYSTREET.

1FewdoorsfromIrwinStreet) LENDINGLIBRARY,LOTTERY AGENCY,ANDBOOEB07EVERY DESCRIPTION. PRICESREASONABLE.

F.HUFNER

29MABELST.,NORTHPERTH. TUNESANDREPAIRSPIANOS ANDORGANS. 'PhoneB5824.

Baths,Enamel,£715s.;Cement,46s. Paints,Hardware,TimberforShelters, cheaperatHASSELL'S,559WellingtonSt.Tel.B6307.

CLAREMONTRADIOAND ELECTRICALSERVICE, 118STIRLINGHIGHWAY, CLAREMONT. 'PhoneF3068.

INSTALLATIONANDREPAIRSTO ANYTHINGELECTRICAL.

RADIOSALES-CASHORTERMS 11111111111111111111mourtilisitimilimmisoilisiiiiiiienitiousills ..,....e..4,04.0,04,041.4.4.441.4.4.0.411~4.0.04 ATTADALEDAIRY.

FREMANTLEROAD,MELVILLE.

EDWINH.MITCHELL MILKFROMATTADALEDAIRY.

MilkDeliveredtoanypartof Fremantleand

ThemeetingofthefirstTuesdayof Augusthavingbeenpostponedbecause oftheimminenceofexaminations,etc., thenextmeeting(nottobepostponed)istobeheldonthefirstTuesdayinSeptember,Theproposed dateforthemen'sRetreatisSeptember5to6.Allsocietiesandindiv, dualsintheArchdioceseareinvited toavailthemselvesofthisexcellent opportunityforaquiettwodaysof thoughtintheRedemptoristMonas teryForfurtherparticularsofthe men'sRetreatringMr,T.Cullity, WM1241,andwomen,MissHelenFarrel,Nedlands.Universitystudents areaskedtomakethemselvesknown toTomCullityorAlf.Taylorand snaketheRetreatthesuccessitdeservestobe.

AquinasCollege

SPORTINGRESULTS

OnJuly29,AquinasFirstXVIII., 13,16,defeatedScotch,9.3,Bestplayers:T.Bourke,G.Pallassis,B.Rigg, J.Rodreda,J.Bowen,Goal-kickers: G.Palassis4),T.Naughton(2),A. Hinkley(2),P.Hanrahan(2),B.Rigg (2)W.Turton,P.Cullen.

BywinningthismatchAquinas

FirstXVIII,becameChampionTeam for1942, OnJuly29,AquinasSecondXVIII., 10.10,defeatedScotch,2.2.Bestplayers:R.Forkin,R.Trend,B.Heenan, K.Norriss.Goal-kickers:A.Carlisle (4),T.Outridge,A.Neate,R,Evans, J.Dease,R.Trend,

OnAugust1,AquinasThirds,9.10, 'defeatedScotch,5points,Bestplayers:J.O'Neill,A.MartinK,Merchant,D.McKenna,Goal-kickers:A. Martin(3),D.McKenna(2),B.Starcevich(2),J.O'Neill,W.O'Connor.

OnAugust1,AquinasFourths,7,10, defeatedScotch,1,1.Bestplayers: J.Bahen,A,Mayger,J.StreichGoalkickers:G,Bahen(3),W.Melvin(2), S.Lane,A.Mayger.

gurdarrtoVAPOURBATHS.

ForObesity,Arthritis,Rheumatism, Insomnia,Neuritis,Nerves.

SpecialLow-CostObesityTreatment, includingBaths,Massage,Reducing Remedy,DietCharts, 256WELLINGTONST.PhoneB3263, (OppositePerthHospital.)

OBITUARY

THELATEMRS..1.M,DREW.

ThedeathofMrs,J.M.Drewhasalreadybeenrecorded,butafewdetails concerningherselfandherfamilymay beofsomeinterest.Hermaiden namewasMaryFrancesCommerford, andherage73years.Shewasborn inGeraldton,educatedbytheSisters ofMercyatPerth,oneofhersisters beingamemberoftheOrderLater shecontinuedherstudiesunderthe sameOrderatGeraldton.Onleaving schoolsheenteredtheserviceofthe PostalDepartment,andcontinuedin thepositionuntilshortlybeforeher marriagewithMr.J.M.Drew,inSt. FrancisChurch,GeraldtononFebruary 19,1895,thelateFatherBreretonofficiating.ShewasorganistintheChurch ChoiratGeraldtonforseveralyears. Mrs.Drewwasadaughterofthelate Mr,andMrs.MartinCommerfordThe lateMr.Commerfordwasanoldsoldier.OnApril4,1847,heenlistedin theGallant33rd.Regiment,better knownasTheDuke'sOwn.Hewent outwithhisregimenttotheCrimea andtookpartinthebattlesofAlma, Inkerman,andSebastopol.Hewas oneofthebrave-hearted80volunteers ofsixregimentswhocoveredtheguns duringthecannonadingbetweentheAlliesandtheenemy.Hewaswoundedduringthecampaignand,beinginvalided,hereturnedtoChathamin timetobeamongthemedallistsinspectedaadhonouredbyHerMajestyQueenVictoria.AKilkenny man,hemarriedaTipperarygirlsoon afterwards,andin1858cametoWesternAustralia,stillintheImperialService,withhiswifeandonechild-

SusanNoraCommerford-whodied twodaysafterMrs.Drew'sdeath. OnhisarrivalinWesternAustralia, GovernorKennedyappointedhimto thedualofficeofCollectorofCustoms andPostmasteratGeraldton,which positionshehelduntilheretireda fewweeksbeforehisdeathin1889, MajorCommerfordwasoneofthe firstmembersoftheGeraldtonMunicipalCouncilandheldtheposition formanyyears, MissSusanNoraCommerford,from hergirlhoodtoherretiringage,served inthePostandTelegraphServiceof WesternAustralia.Deathcalledwhen shewasinher85th,year.

RequiemMassforthereposeofthe soulofthelateMrs.DrewwascelebratedbyVeryRev.FatherWallace intheSacredHeartChurch,Highgate, onAugust1,andthecortegelaterproceededtotheCatholicportionofthe KarrakattaCemetery,whereRev, FatherNolanrecitedthelastprayers, inthepresenceofalargeandrepresentativegathering.

ThechiefmournerswereMr.J.M. Drew,M.L.C.(husband),Mr.Frank Drew(son),andMrs,Robertsniece).

Thepall-bearerswere:TheLieutenantGovernor(SirJamesMitchell),Mr. PresidentDwyer,theMinisterfor Mines(Mr.A.H.Penton),theAssistantMinisterforEmployment(Mr.B. H,Gray),Messrs.I,G.BoyleandE. Needham,M's.L,A.P.J.Mooney,and Cpl.T.Sullivan. AmongthosepresentwereRev, FatherCrowley;Hon.Membersofthe LegislativeCouncil,G.W.Miles,W. J.Mann,L.B.Boulton,VernonHamersley,andJ,Cornell;theMinisterfor JusticeandRailways(Mr.E.Nulsen), D.J.Leahy,M.L.A.,andW.Patrick, M.LA.;ColonelN.0.Mansbridge,Dr. J.Bentley,EdgarLeB.Henderson,R, H.Nash(Sec.,Met.Council,A.L.P.), F.ConnaughtonC.V.Honner,M,Costello,C.F.Collins,M.J.Cahill,J.A.! Bell,J.O'Dwyer,J.Stone,C.Connell (Rep.R.Connell),W.Raad,W.M. Keeley,C.W,Johnston,JamesRyan, J.Garvey,FIBray(Commissionerof NativeAffairs),H.K.Maley,V.A, Gubgub,L.C.Mandalis,E.Constantine,J.V,Larkin,J,R.Campbell;Mr. andMrs.Arnold,Mr,andMrs.J. Ottway;MesdamesM.Meyers,U.M. Kennedy,Sullivan,K.E.Larkin,E.G. Boyle,M.S.Perkins,C.Cooley,E.H. Gray,andMissPat.Boyle.

werereceived:

FromMembersoftheStateGovernment;ManagerandStaffofGeraldton Newspapers;TheBoyleFamily;Mr. andMrs.W.D.Johnson,M.L.A.,and Family;ProfessorFraenkel;Mr,and Mrs.J.Ottway;TheHon.andMrs.G. W.Miles,M.L.C.,andFamily;The CommissionerofNativeAffairs,Mr.F, I,Bray;Cpl.andMrs.T.Sullivan; MembersofI,S.G.S,andS.S. ThefuneralarrangementswerecarriedoutbyMessrs.BowraandO'Dea. "THE

'Phone:F2198.

TheAgeoftheEarth

(ContinuedfromPage4) acterisedworldsystem;Providencethesethingswedobelieve,andinbelievingwearebutreasonable,for sciencedemandsthem.Butthe"dating"ofcreation,wedonotasCatholics undertake!

Howoldisman?SirArthurKeith saysthereisnodoubtthatmangoes backhalfamillion,probablyamillion, years.Othersadmitnomorethan seventhousandyears.Whatsaywe Catholics?

AsCatholicswesaynothing,officially.Thequestionofage,meretime, istobesettledscientifically.When sciencegivesusthelastwordweshall gladlyacceptit.Withregardtothe soulofmanweknowexactlywhere westand.thespiritualsoulisGod's specialcreation-bodiesmayevolve; thehumansoulcannot.Godcreated thefirsthumansoul;Godhascreated eachsuccessivesoul.Catholicsare notforbiddentoaccepttheevolution. arytheory,eveninamoreorlessgeneralsense,providedtheyrecognisethat thehumansoulisnotarefinedbiologicalproduct,like,forexample,the brain;butaspiritualentitycreated byGod.Theymustalsoadmitthat thehumanspeciesspringsfromone commonstock.

"Indubiislibertas,"Weenjoythe utmostfreedominpursuingscientific studies.Wecanhaveopinionsofour own,butmustnot,onourownauthority,proclaimthemasCatholicdoctrine.WecanfollowSirArthurKeith, ifwelike,insayingthatstoneimplements,unearthedatgreatage-depths, pigmentation,andracialcharacteristics;fossilisedspecimens,suchasthose foundonMt.Carmel,Palestine-prove man'sgreatantiquity,Butweshould guardagainsthisexcesses,suchas, "WepresumetheLawofGravityto

keeptheworldtogether;wepresume Evolutiontoexplainthedifferencesbetweenanimalsandmen."Oneneeds butlittleintelligencetosee(1)that theword"presume,"besidesbeingambiguous,isusedhereintwodifferent senses;(2)thatitisGenesisthatexplainsthedifferencebetweenanimals andmen,notevolution,Atbest,evolutioncanonlyexplainthedifferences betweenanimalsandanimalsorplants andplants.AcrosstheContinentof Africacanbefoundstoneimplements (coups-de-poing)ofadmittedlygreat age.Theyaredefiniterelicsofa primitivecivilisation.Theyarethe unquestionableworksofman,No animal,nothingshortofpositivehumanintelligence,couldhavefashioned them,fortheyportrayskillandpurposiveness,thedirectadaptationofNaturntoahumanend.

Ontheotherhand,thepresentpopulationstatisticsareanindicationof muchlaterhumanorigins,notlightlytobediscarded.Takingthelowest ratesofpopulation-increase,say,doublingin300years,itispossibletoshow thatasinglepairofhumanbeings in9,000yearswouldmultiplyinto 1,000,000,000pairsofhumanbeings.If pre-historicmanhadanythinglikethis rateofpro-creation,andhadbeenlivingontheearthfortenmilleniums, hewouldhavemultipliedtoanextent tofillupnearlythewholeknown world,Whereistheevidenceforsuch apopulation?ThusreasonsSirAndrewFleming.

Atpresentthequestionremainsunsolved.Welookwithinterestto whatthefuturewillreveal.

H1:10111111.1111111111110111111.,1111.111111MV.11111.11H1,11

AirRaidIndoorShelters,thebest andsafest.Only72/6,Hundredssold. HA.SSELL'S,559WellingtonSt.Tel. B6307.

Winter

Three Lines From The Manchester at

Smartcolourfulcheck bungalowcloths.Useful size,ingreen/orange. blue/orange.For5/11 each. NOCOUPONS.

Kiddies'woolencrib Blankets,inBlue,Green, andPinkgrounds;nicely embroideredwithnursery designs;36x30,for12/6 each.

NOCOUPONS.

Infants'throw-overMosquitoNets.2x yards;inbrownonly. Nicefinenet.Limited quantity,for4/11each. NOCOUPONS.

AHERN'S

(ContinuedfromPage5.) Catholic,anditisthroughhisfriendshipandherloveforhimthatshe comestofeeltheinfluenceoftheCatholicChurch.Shelaterbecomesa converttotheFaith.

TheremainingdaysofMadame Eckel'sremarkablelifearespentin theUnitedStates.Herworldlywealth shedistributesandherrenunciationof thematerialiscomplete.Shesees herhomeinLitchfieldgoupinflames, andwatchingheryoungdaughter Genevieve,whomshefeelswillbecome anunwhenshereachesmaturity,she exclaims:"ThisthingIrefusetolet youtake-forIgivehertoyou,all herheartandsoulandallherlife.This thingatleastIcangivegladly."

FatherBonnhaswrittenapowerfulnovelisedbiography,restrained, wellthoughtout,convincingandappealing.Areviewstates:"Because heknowshowtobefamiliaranddaring,withoutbeingvulgaranddangerous,FatherBonnhasdoneagreat dealmorethanwriteafascinating novel,HehasshownCatholicauthorsinparticularhowtowritea novel,"

Rev,JohnLouisBonnisamember oftheSocietyofJesus.Educatorand author,heisonthefacultyofBoston College,whereheisaprofessorinphilosophyofliterature,anddirectorof dramatics.

OLDROSARIES

Wehavebeenaskedtoappealfor oldorbrokenRosaries,forwhichthe ownershavenofurtheruse.Owing tothelackofsuppliesofreligiousobjects,themenintheForcesareoften obligedtogowithoutRosaries,Missals,etc.TheSistersoftheCarmeliteMonastery,Nedlands,haveoffered tomendoldorbrokenRosaries,which willbethendistributedtothetroops. Rosariesandotherpiousobjects maybeleftc/oCatholicWelfareOrganisation, ChurchOffice, VictoriaSquare,Perth.

NELSON&SONLIMITED MARKETREPORT.

NelsonandSon,Ltd.,reportasfollowsfortheirsaleofthe12th,inst.:POULTRY, Quotations(atPerPair), Cockerels,prime,1.5/6to17/-(s136cialshigher);Good,13/-to15/-;Medium,10/-to12/-.HENS:Prime heavy,13/6to15/--;Good,11/6to 13/-;Light,10/--to11/-.WhiteLeghorn:good,7/6to8/9;inferiorlower, DRAKES:Prime,18/-to20/--(few higher)Good,15/-to17/-;medium 13/-to DUCKS:Good,10/6to 11/6;medium,9/-to10/-.TURKEY GOBBLERS:Good,46/--to51/-;medium,32,6to37/6;lightlower.TURKEYHENS:Good,21!-to25/-;medium,17/--to19/-;small,lower, EGGQUOTATIONS. NewLaid:Standard,1/6;Medium Hen,1/4;Pullet,1/3, COOKING:Standard,1/3;Pullet, 1/1, BUTTER:Stores,1/3;Privatelinas, 1/6, ADDRESS:MetropolitanMarkets, Perth,

RacingSelections

13y"TheHawk." BELMONTPARK, Saturday,August15,1942. Breeders'Handicap:HowieWing,1; Roselian,2;MissDorion,3. TrialStakes:MollyReilly,1;Ninigo, 2;Cisterns,3, WinterHandicapEnchanter1; Euro,2;Rags,3. BelmontPurse(1):Yohada,1;Bundamba,2;Oredanus,3, BelmontHandicap:SydneyJames, 1;BlueSky,2;Chanteclair,3. FlyingWelter:Sansea,1;Philock,2; Poilu,3. BelmontPurse(2):CosLua,1; MaoriLass,2;Kopje,3,

ODDFELLOWS'HOTEL SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE.

BESTBRANDSSTOCKED.

NewlyFurnishedThroughout. ALLWELCOME.

JG.MULOAHY,Proprietor.

HAYand MURRAY STREETS

DEATHS.

CASEY.--Ofyourcharity,prayforthe reposeofthesoulofJohnDesmond Casey,killedinaction,beloved grandsonofthelateEdwardHanrahanandMaryA.Hanrahan,of Jarrandale,andnephewofEileen, Ted,Tom,George,SisterM.Immaculate,Dorothy,Constance,Norman andBrian,R.I.P.

HARDY.-OnAugust6,atSt,John ofGodHospital,Subiaco,lovingwife ofLeo,lovingmotherofBasil (A.I.F.),Maud(Mrs.E.Wood),and Victor,R.I.P.

HOLMES.-OnJuly27,1942,atCollie Hospital,John,belovedbrotherof Thomasandbrother-in-lawofBridget,fonduncleofTom,Molly,Nell, andEileen;aged78years.R.I.P.

INMEMORIAM.

GOLLINS.-Inlovingandaffectionate memoryofourdearmother,Bridget Gollins,whodepartedthislifeon August151935. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhersoul,

LOWRY.-InlovingmemoryofJohn Lowry,whopassedawayonApril 15,1941.R.I.P.

-Insertedbyhislovingwifeand children,mother,sistersandbrothers.

MULLAN.-Ofyourcharityprayfor thereposeofthesoulofHarryMullen,whopassedpeacefullyaway August13,1941, SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhissoul. -Insertedbyhislovingwife, Wauely,andCarl.

SYDNEY-SMITH:--Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoulof LionelPeter,diedresultofanaccidentAugust15,1941;aged20years. BelovedonlysonofSydneyand MaieSmith,lovedbrotherofLorna, PatandJoan,R.I.P.

SITUATIONSVACANT.

Businesscouple,nochildren,requiresgirlorwoman,alsostrongboy, aboutfourteen;mustbetrustworthy; goodhomeandwages;openoneweek. Disbrey'sGeneralStorekeeper,Scarborough, Wantedrespectableelderlywoman, helpallduties:smallfamily;inKulin district. Apply,"Domestic,"this office.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Vacancyforonegentleman, 10 Camelia-street,NorthPerth.

IV,

Thefutureisthineown,lovedland, Thewarmofheart,thestoutofhand, Thenoblemind, Shallbuildanationtrulygreat, WithChristforKing,Wherelove,not hate, ShallbethecharteroftheState Toallmankind.

V.

Lovelivesinpromiseotherwhere. Butweourbrothers-inthecare Ofonebirthright, OneGodabove,onehomebelow, Onefrontagainstourcountry'sfoe, And-ifneedbe-oneringingblow, Thewrongtosmite.

VI

Australia!Onthewidesea-way, Whereswingtheshininggatesofday, 'Twistnewandold.

THE Bushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Thisweekweare stillwithintheoctaveoftheFeastof theAssumptionwhichfellonSaturday, the15th.ThisgreatfeastisaHoly DayofObligationandthereforeeveryonewasobligedtohearMassason

Sundays,NextThursday,August20, wecommemoratetheFeastofagreat Saint,St.Bernard,whosefameof sanctityisspreadfarandwide,St. BernardwasbornattheCastleof Fontoines,inBurgundy.Thegrace ofhispersonandthevigourofhisintellectfilledhisparentswiththehighesthopes,andtheworldlaybrightand smilingbeforehimwhenherenounced itforeverandjoinedthemonksof Citeaux.St.Bernardwasoneofa familyofseven,andhisfivebrothers followedBernardtoCiteaux,except Nivard,theyoungest,whowasleftto 1*thestayofhisfatherinhisoldage. "Youwillnowbeheirofeverything," saidtheytohim,astheydeparted. "Yes,"saidtheboy,"youleaveme earth,andkeepheavenforyourselves. Doyoucallthatfair?"Andhe,too, lefttheworld.

AtCiteauxSt.Bernard'sholyexampleattractedsomanynovicesthat othermonasterieswereerectedand BernardwasappointedAbbotofthat ofClairvaux.Unsparingwithhimself

heatfirstexpectedtoomuchofhis brethren,whoweredisheartenedathis severity:butsoon,seeinghisown error,heledthemforwardbythe sweetnessofhiscorrection,andthe mildnessofhisRuletowonderfulperfection.Bernarddiedintheyear 1153.Hismostpreciouswritingshave earnedforhimthetitlesofthelast oftheFathersandaDoctorofHoly Church, AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-PleasefindenclosedofferingforBushies,withgratefulthanksforafavourreceived throughtheSacredHeartandOur Lady. JUDE.

P.S.:Amenclosingabundleofold stampsiftheyareofanyuse.

DearJude.-Yourgenerousdonation fortheBushiesisverymuchappreciated.anditcertainlyhelpstheLemonadeBottletolookagooddeal brighterthisweek,Ihavealsoto thankvouforsendingalongthe stamps,aseverylittlehelpstoswell ourfunds. AUNTBESSY.

LEMONADEBOTTLE, AcknowledgedWithThanks, Jude

Acorrespondenthassentusacopy ofthebeautifulpoem."Australia,"It waswrittenbyFatherM.J.O'Reilly, C.M.Itisgoodqualityverse,and soundChristiansentiment,andwas puttoappropriatemusicbytheauthor ofthelyric,FatherO'Reillywasa Vincentianpriest,whowasforyears RectorofSt.John'sCollegewithinthe

UniversityofSydney.Amostversatile andaccomplishedman,hediedin1933. Thisisagoodpoem,andmore,itisa prayerforhishomelandwrittenbya saintlypriest,To-daywhenourdear countryisinsuchperil,fewmoreappropriatepleastoGodforitsprotectionanditsfuturedestinycouldbe foundthaninFatherO'Reilly'spoem:

,c4(10'71211,14

ByM.J,O'Reilly,

Godblessourlovelymorningland, Godkeepherwithenfoldinghand ClosetoHissideWhileboomsthedistantbattle'sroar FromoutsomerudebarbaricshoreInblessedpeaceforevermore, Theretoabide. Okonis.

Godblessourlovelymorningland, Australia! GodkeepwithHisenfoldinghand, Australia! Onearththereisnootherland LikeourenchantingSouth-erland, Ourowndearhome,ourMotherland, Australia!

GodguardAustralia!Invain She'scircledbyth'inviolatemain, UnlessHisword, ThewarrantofHisprovidence, Speaklouderthanthethingsofsense, Provingamightierdefence Thanlanceorsword.

Landofdawning,Lo!atlast, Theshadowsofthenightarepast, Acrossthesea Isspreadingfarthepurplelight, Thelonelymountainpeaksarebright Andvisionscrowduponthesight Ofdaystobe,

Godraisedathroneandspreadafeast, Gavetheethelordshipoftheeast, MadetheeHisprophetandHispriest, Toyearsuntold.

VII, Purebethyhandsandcleansedoft, Thatfainwouldclasp,orholdaloft TheLabarum, AndtouchedthoselipswithAltar-fire, Thatseekthenationstoinspire Withfaith,andlove,andhighdesire, Forthingstocome,

VIII, Godblessthee,lovelymorningland, Godkeeptheewithenfoldinghand ClosetoHisside, Maketheethehomeofliberty, WhilesweepstheMurraytothesea, Andliftsaproudfrontdauntlessly, ThegreatDivide.

(

THELATEMRS.H,KIRKWOOD.

Thedeathoccurredsuddenlyon July30,1942.atherresidence,271Oxford-street,Leederville,ofMrs.Harriet AvisKirkwood,dearlylovedwifeof thelateAlexanderEdgarKirkwood.

ThelateMrs.Kirkwoodwasbornat Grenfell,NewSouthWales,73years ago.Theearlierpartofherlifewas spentinNewSouthWales,andduring theearly90'sshecametoCoolgardie, wasmarried,andsettledintheWest.

Mrs.Kirkwoodhadresidedinthe Leedervilledistrictforsome35years, andduringthistimeshehadgained therespectandesteemofahostof friendsandacquaintances.AmemberoftheSacredHeartSodality,for manyyears,Mrs.KirkwoodwasadevoutandpracticalCatholicinevery way.Shewasanardentworkerfor theChurchandtheConvent,andactivelyassistedinthemanyfunctions oftheparish.Ilersuddenpassing cameasagreatshocktohernumerous friendsinLeedervilleandcausedwidespreadregretthroughouttheparish.

Mrs.Kirkwoodissurvivedbyher sister,Mrs.Holtandfamily,whoreside inSydneyMrs,Douse(sister)and HenryWilloughby(brother)having predeceasedhersomeyearsago.

RequiemMassforthereposeofher soulwascelebratedinSt.Mary's Church,Leederville,byRightRev. MonsignorMoloney,andthecortege laterproceededtotheCatholicportion oftheKarrakattaCemetery,where Rev,FatherMcArdle,assistedbyMonsignorMoloneyandRev,FatherBoylan,recitedthelastprayers,inthepresenceofalargegatheringoffriends.

ThechiefmournerswereMrs.T.Giblett(representingMrs.Holtandfamily,Sydney),DriverJ.J.Brand(A.I,F.

DutchPrime Ages

returned,representingMrs,Brandand family),Mrs.B.Horsley,Mrs,Moore, Mr.J.BeatonPrivateJ.Horsleyand MasterT.Giblett. AmongthosepresentwereMessrs. BertLewis,J.J,Fenton,J.Horsley,W. Proks,T,EdmondsA.Liddelow;MesdamesBurtonandDolly,J.Millar Clear,B.Lewis,J.Fenton,T.Edmonds,, Edwards,Pond,Galvin,Lewis,Saunders,Johnson,Eatt,Dineen;MissesJ. SlocombeandJosieSaunders.

Thefollowingwreathswerereceived: HerlovingsisterSarah(Mrs.Holt)and family,ofSydney;Mrs.Brandandfamily:Mr.andMrs,AlfLiddelow,MargaretandJack;Mrs.SmithandBryel; Mrs,BurtonandDolly;Mrs,H.W.B. Stanswood:Mrs,Greig,Johnand "Kirby's"weeGirlie.

ThefuneralarrangementswerecarriedoutbyMessrsBowraandO'Dea.

MinisterPraisesMiddle

ThreeTendencies.

Dr.Gerbrandy,DutchPrimeMinistersince1940,turnedtotheChristian MiddleAgesasamodelforpost-war Europeinaninterviewon"Re-building Europe"withtheLondon"Sunday Times."

"Wehavetoreverttosomesuch system,"saidDr.Gerbrandy,referring tothecontroloftradeandpricesand labour,centrallybyGovernmentsand locallybyGuilds,intheMiddleEast.

Thecentralpositionofthe"just price"seemedtohimanessentialof reconstruction.Headdedtothisthe permanentinfluenceofeducationand thoughtthatwhenGodandHisWord areleftoutofthem,collaborationcontinuetofailnotwithstandingsplendid organisation.

"Justice,"hesaid,"issoeasytospeak ofwhenwegainbyit,sodifficultwhen wehavetomakesacrificesforit,"

Dr.Gerbrandy'seconomicsolutionis oneofplanningratherthantherestorationoftheoldfree-tradesystem.

"InHolland,beforethewar,influenceshadlongbeenatwork,asinmanyothercountries,tendingtowardsthe establishmentofsomekindofplanning.Moreover,we,likemostof them,hadbeenforcedbytheeconomicpolicyofothercountriestotake measuressuchasthemaintenanceof domesticagriculture,thefixingofprices intheinternationalmarket,Governmentsubsidies,andsoon.

"Afterthewarwecannotescapefrom somesortofadditionalinternational planningtopreventwildcompetition betweenindustriesinthesupplyingof Europewithfoodandrawmaterials, especiallybetweenthepre-warindustriesstrit.:ngtoregaintheirmarkets andthoseindustriesartificiallyfosteredbythewarstrivingtoretaintheir newmarkets.

"Therewillbethreetendenciesleadingtowardsplanningandawayfrom whatyoucallthe'liberaleconomyof pre-warEurope:thetendencyarising fromthespecialconditionsprevailing inthepost-warworld;thetendencyalreadyworkingjustbeforethewar,due partlytotheinternationalpolitical situation,whichseemedtorequire autarchythetendencyalreadyworkinginthenineteenthcenturywhichI canbestsummariseinthewordsJusturnpretium.'Thefirsttendencyis passing,theseconduncertain,andthe thirdpermanentandgrowing.

"Inthefaceofthesetendenciesthe problemishowtofindaharmonious combinationoffreedomandinitiative withthenecessaryorganisation.Itis capableofsolution."

GuideandRegulate.

Answeringtheobjectionthatnational planningmighthardenintoeconomic nationalism,Dr.Gerbrandysaid:"PlanningdoesnotnecessarilymeanState Socialism,nordoesitnecessarilybring abouttensioninthewholefieldofeconomics.PlanningsuchasIhavein mindconsists,firstandforemost,in developingandenlargingexistingfactors.Youcanbutguideandregulate thatwhichflowsnaturally.

"Alldiscussionaboutfuturecollaborationinthepoliticalsphere,'the DutchPrimeMinistercontinued,"gen erallytakesforgrantedmanythings whichareuncertain.Thereareat workforceswhicharecapableofupsettingapparentlyverysoundplans. Therateofpopulationgrowth,forinstance,hasfar-reachingconsequences. ConsidersimplytheproblemspresentedbythestillrapidlygrowingpopulationsofRussia,Japan,andthe NetherlandsKingdom,thedeclining birth-rateinGreatBritain,andthe stationarypopulationinFrance."

NewHospitalofSt.JohnofGod,Subiaco

SPLENDIDUP-TO-DATEACCOMMODATION.

ConvenienttoSubiacoandLeedervilleRailwayStationsandTrams.

RecentAdditionsconsistofaFully-EquippedX-RAYDEPARTMENT andCHILDREN'SWARD.

PatientsMaySelectTheirOwnMedicalAdvisert, UnfinancialPatientsmaybeadmittedonDoctor'sRecommendation. OPENTOALLDENOMINATIONS.

MACFARLANE&CO.LTD.

WHOLESALEDAIRYPRODUCEMERCHANTS, POULTERERSANDSMALLGOODSMEN.

BESTQUALITYBUTTER,BACON,CHEESE,LARD,DRIPPING, TABLEANDCOOKINGMARGARINE,TABLEPOULTRY,AND SAUSAGESALWAYSONHAND.

ATRIALSOLICITED.

Address:48MURRAYSTREET,PERTH.

Telephones:B1438andB3777.

THELATEMR.CORNELIUS O'NEILLQUIGLEY.

Afteraprolongedillness,Mr,CorneliusO'NeillQuigley,Deputy-Master oftheRoyalMint,diedatSt.John ofGod'sHospital,Subiaco,onThursday,July23.

RequiemMassforthereposeofhis soulwasofferedinSt.Mary'sCathedral onthedayfollowingbyVeryRev.Dr. KennedyAdm.,afterwhichthefuneraltookplaceintheKarrakattaCemetery.Rev,FatherFahey,assistedby VeryRev,FatherMoss,readtheprayersatthegraveside,Requiescatin pace. ThelateMr.C.Quigleywasbornat Reefton,NewZealand,in1881.He cametothisStatewhenonly13years ofage,andwaseducatedattheChristianBrothers'College,St.George'sTerrace,InApril,1899,twomonthsbeforethePerthBranchoftheRoyal Mintwasopenedhejoineditsstaffas ajuniorclerk.Intimehebecame bullionclerkinchargeofcalculations, seniorclerkinchargeofcoining,senior clerkinchargeofmeltingandrefining, chiefclerk,and,finally,chieftechnical officerinchargeofthemeltingand coiningdepartments.Aftereleven yearsinthelatterposition,hewas appointedDeputy-MasteroftheMint in1939, ThechiefmournerswereMrs.M,E. Quigley(wife),John(son),Mrs,E. Brown,Mrs.Crofton-Moss,andMrs.S. Male(daughters)Mrs.AgnesQuigley (sister),Mrs,A,HaynesandMrs,J. Monagle(sisters-in-law),A.Haynes,E. J.QuigleyandC.McManus(brothersin-law),Mr,EmmettBrown(son-inlaw),('AhernandW.P.Ahern(nephews),IrisLeahy(niece).

Thepall-bearerswere:Mr.President Dwyer,Mr,E.Nulsen,M.L.A.,InspectorJ.Doyle,Messrs.J,Monoghan,W. R.Rogers(C.T,O.,RoyalMint),R.E. Gatherer(ChiefClerk,RoyalMint), P,J.Mooney,andJ.Groessler, AmongthosepresentwereRev, FatherCrowley,Hon.F.Wise(MinisterforLandsandAgriculture),Hon. A.Coverley(MinisterforNorthWest) V.Johnson,M.H.R.W.J.Waliwork, S.M.,E,A,Dunphy(CrownSolicitor), Dr.J.V.Arkle,InspectorJ.Tetterington,Det,Sgt,Blight,Sgt.J.McDonald,Sgt.S.R.Treasure,Sgt,A,R. McGrath,Cr.J.L.Hardwick,Lt.C. Jones,AncellC.GregoryR.N,R.).C. Bowyer,W.Taylor,L.J.McDowell, I.P.TaylorandE.Lewis(ofthe Royal'Mint)G.W.Simpson(Public ServiceCommissioner),R.BBrigdale (Rep,T,A,Taylor),W.K.W,Ward (ManagerCommonwealthBank),S. B.Donovan(ChairmanofCommissioners,AgriculturalBank),C,L.Clarke (AgriculturalBank),G.W.McCartney(FremantleHarbourTrust,,W. E.PageandE,G.Flanagan(Mines Dept.),H,I3owley(Gov.Minerologist andAnalyst),E,B.Newson(Sonsof GwaliaandEdnaMayMine),R.J. Bond(Trustee,EastPerthHall),S. 13.Nielson("TheWorker"),C.H,Golding(A.W,Union),P.Tobin(Court Hotel),R.H.Nash(ActingSec.,State Ex,,A.L.P.)P.R.JacksonandW.A Brown(CelticClub),A.D.Scott(Old Aquinians'Assn.)F,Weston,T, McGrath,F.Connaughton,Joseph Charles,Jas.Ryan,J,J.Kenneally, B.B,Shaw,C,A.M,Cook,J.J.Fenton,R,J.O'Sullivan,G.W.Robinson, P.W.Hughes,M,O'Brien,J.W.HawkinsW.H,Scott,A.N.Davies,J.A. Hirst,ConO'Neil,SteveO'Neil,F. Mills,R,Forbes,T.H.Harris,T.J. V.Arkle,H,Troy,A.McKenzie,P. BowerR.C,Spear,E.McKenna,S. Lear,JJ.Higgins,TomTighe,A,Oldrini, T.BarrettC.G.Norton,W.Holder,

M.P.Cogan,R.Joyce,R.W.Lloyd, TomDeane,F.J.Bryant,T.H.Hansen,TomKelly,R.Burns,R,D.Smith, W.F.Burton,T.E,Hardwick,H,L. Moore,H.R.Hillman.P.Lowe,D. Healy,T.D.Murphy,L.G.HickeyG. J.McKenna,R.G.Fletcher,J.Langford,M.E.Waugh,J.Green,H.L. Dobbie,S.R.McDonnell,J.C,Burgess(5th.Garrison),J.A.Lukies,J,C, Forrest,E.W.Campion,J,Drake,J. Gleeson,G.T.Oliver,D.MurphyA. Coulehan,J.Garnot(FoyandGibson)

N.J.Bevan,S.R.Hill,P.J.Roxby,F, Walker,D.Williams,J.M.Farrell,E. P.Pretty,H.A.Corbet,M,Nallen,S. A.Elliott,V.P.Blight,E.P.Hardman,J.DoreL.Balding,C.R.B,Saw, E.G.Marshall,W,T.Casey,J,Murphy,J.G.Rankin,T.Fitzgerald,J. Gosper,J.Jackson,J.F.Fraser,Bob Howard,S.Shaw,M.G,Sartori,F, Malone,JohnSullivan,G,M.Kelly,D. L.Ryan,D.M.(Pat)StewartAlf Wolstenholme,J.Lyons,S.D.Nelson, A,McIntosh,P.Wise,A.R.Kahan, G.B.Murphy,J.Glance,J.D.Healy; MesdamesC.J.Trainer,E.Coverley, E.Groessler,E.J,HorsfallandW.H. Green. Thefollowingwreathswerereceiv. ed:Fromhislovingwifeandfamily; lovingsonanddaughter-in-law,John andJean;lovingdaughterandson-inlaw,Phyl,Sam,andKim:loving daughtersandsons-in-lawMarie,EmmettandPeter,VeraandJames;Mr. andMrs.Reymond;Agg,Ted,Kath, andJack;Arthur,Nellieandfamily; ('on,Iris,andJoeLeahyandfamily;E. A.Leahy;KimandJoyMale;Mr,and Mrs.Rogersandfamily;ThePerth HatMills;TrusteesEastPerthPublicHall;R.E.andE.Gatherer;Roy andPatSaw;Mr.andMrs.Horsfall andfamily;Maisie,GeneandKath. Groessler:StaffRoyalMint;Manager andStaff,BrokenHillPty.,Co.,Ltd, (PerthBranch);DirectorsofRedCastleBrewery:A.Slurchie;Alfand Arthur(CourtHotel);J.B.Hansen: StanandClarrieO'Brien(Court Hotel);Mrs.HughGordonBamford andMrs,N.T.L.McNeill;Mr.and Mrs.R.W.Lloyd;JudyandCharles Jones;SonBray;Phon.andTess Scott:Dr.ArkleandDudley;Harold andJessZeffert;Mr.andMrs,W.G. Wynne;NanceandFrank:Mr.and Mrs.R.G.Fletcher.

ThefuneralarrangementswerecarriedoutbyMessrs,BowraandO'Dea.

STOVES,WoodorGas,newand used,sold,bought,repaired.W.A. StoveCoy.,559WellingtonStreet. B6307.

ForsometimepasttheThirdOrder ofSt,Francishassuccessfullyconductedaseriesoflunch-hourdiscussions, everyThursday,attheroomsofthe CatholicLawnTennisAssociation,BactonHouse,Hay-street.

Duringtheafternoonthereisalsoa meetingheldonsimilarlines,anditis desiredtomakeknownthefactthat aheartyinvitationisextendedtoall Catholicladieswho,whenintown, maywishtorestforawhileandtake afternoontea.

Thisinnovationhasresultedinsome verypleasantafternoons,andTertiariesareremindedthatthereisnomore appropriatewayofintroducingothers totheThirdOrderthanbygivingthem theopportunityofmeetingmembers andfeelingthespiritoftheOrderin thesesocialgatherings.

RecentspeakersincludedMrs.M. EustaceandSisterAnthony(MissC. McDonnell).Salientpointsfromthe lecturettesareappended:

Mrs.Eustacechosethesubjectofthe "InfluenceoftheHome,"whichisa mostappropriateoneatthemoment. "Thewaningsacrednessofthehome hasworriedourHolyFatherforalong time:to-daytheaveragepersonis fearful,sinceonthatsacrednessthe foundationstoneofallnationshas beenlaid,Whatarewewomengoing todoaboutit?Wemustbepractical: generallywemusttakelifeaswefind it,butinourshortspan,andinour ownparticularsphere,ifwedoour dutywecanleaveitverymuchbetter. Howarewetodoourduty?We mustnotacceptthecustomsofthe worldtothedetrimentofourCatholic principles.Oneofthemoderncustomsistosendthechildoutofthe hometobetrainedandamused, Mothersmustrealisethatthework oftrainingthechildbeginswiththe firstdawnofintelligence.Itcanbe taughtataveryearlyagetomakethe

andgraceandthathehasasoul, thoughnotall,perhapsbythesenames.

"TheStoryofNazarethistheOnly SolutiontoAlltheEconomic,Political andMoralProblemsFacingtheModern World"(Roosevelt).

WhoistoteachthestoryofNazareth?Mother.Thelessonsbestrememberedarethoselearnedatour mother'sknee shemustbeever readytogiveagoodexamplewhich inspiresadeeperreverenceinthechild andadesiretokeeppacewithit, Mothersofsonsanddaughters,ifsocialreconstructionmustbegininthe worldofthefamily,trainyoursons anddaughtersinthewaytheyareto carryontheChristianhome.All adolescentsarepotentialfathersand mothers.Remindthemoftheirgreat obligationofteachingandpreserving theFaiththeFaithwhichhasbeen builtupduring1,900yearsbylabour andsacrifire,andwhichhasmeantso muchtocivilisation,andisnowbeing threatenedtoberuthlesslydestroyed andhumanitypushedbackintothe darknessofpaganism."

SisterAnthony(McDonnell)spoke onthesubjectoftheFranciscancharacteristicofaSenseofHumour thequalitywhichfirstdrewpeopleto St.Francis.Inhisyouthhewasthe gayestofAssisi'stroubadours he hadjustasgreatanappreciationofthe ridiculousasanyborncomedian.He couldactinsuchalaugh-provoking waythatheandhiscompanionswere asfamousfortheirmerrimentasthey werefortheirpiety. Moodsare contagious.Serenityisatoncesoothing theeffectoflaughteriselectri-

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Asweareendeavouringtorevitalise andspreadFranciscanisminourmidst, weshoulddosowithrecklessgood humour,Theworld'smostperfect scarecrowisReligion,whenisitcamouflagedwithunduesolemnity-sour- ness-harshjudgmentsandchilliness. Thepetty,butnonethelessdestructive,traitsinourmake-upoftenturn would-beadherentsawaytoseek anothersourcefortheirinspiration.

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India'sProblemisComplexandSeethingwithDiscord

(ContinuedfromFrontCover.)

zoosoftheirvillagesboundtheir world.

TheirknowledgeoftheBritishEmpireaswellastheirconceptsof"a nationconceivedinlibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmen arecreatedequal"isovershadowedby thesheernecessityofthedailygrind tokeepthewolfawayfromtheirbamboodoors.

Towinthefullco-operationofthese heterogeneousgroups,eachwithits ownracial,lingualandgeographicalinterests,ambitionsandconcepts,would trulybeanincredibleachievement.

Butthesedifficultiesaremerechild's playcomparedtothereligiousproblemsinvolved, Itwouldbedifficulttodistinguish aCatholicfromaProtestantonthe streetsofanyAmericancity.Butin India,wherereligiontingeseveryas-

ofthoughtimaginable,butall,except theDepressedClasses,haveonefeatureincommon.Theyclingtenaciouslytotherulesandregulationsof caste.

Hindusociety,whateveritsshadeof belief,isstratifiedhorizontallyinto hundredsandindeedthousandsof castesandsub-castes,whichcannot inter-marryorevendinewithone another.AccordingtoourWestern wayofthinking,thismakesforanunassailableconservatism.

Listedasindependentreligionsare twoothernumerousfactionswhichare reallyoffshootsofHinduism.Buddhism,whichatonetimewastheState religionofIndia,hasinlatteryears dwindledofftoaboutsixmillionmembersstronglyconcentratedinCeylon. Itisacastelessreligionwhichpreaches themiddlewaybetweenself-indulgence andself-martification.Condemning idolatry,sacrificesandmetaphysical

ChandraBose,theradicalBangalileaderwhofavoursviolence,TheCongressParty,thoughopentoallIndians, isessentiallyaHindumovement. TheMoslemLeague,undertheleadershipofMr.Jinnah,istheonlyother organisedpoliticalpartyinIndia.It advocatesindependence,asdoesthe CongressPartybyworkingforan autonomousMoslemStatewithinIndia,

AnotherthornyprobleminthepoliticalsphereofIndiaistheIndiaofthe Princes.Thereare562NativeStates inIndia.Ofthemoreimportant States,108takeinanareaof514,886 squaremiles,withapopulationof oversixtymillion.There108States aremembersintheirownrightofteh ChamberofPrinces.OtherSattesto thenumberof127,withanareaof 76,846squaremilesandapopulation ofovereightmillion,arerepresented bytwelveelectedmembersoftheir ownorder.

TheseStatesformislandsinBritish Indiawiththeirownadministration, revenueandlaws.ThePrincesare determinedtomaintainthestatus quo,lesttheyloseall,Theyarewillingtoco-operateinafederationof Indiaprovidedthattheyareadequatelyrepresented.

Itisnotsurprisingthatanyefforts

forunitybyGreatBritainshould proveineffectualinsuchawelterof opinionsandoutlooks.Somecritics claimthatthepresentimpasseisaresultofBritain'shandlingoftheIndianproblemduringthepast.There havebeenmistakes,nodoubt,butit cannotbedeniedthattherehavebeen continuedeffortseversince1917to fulfilthepledgeofgrantingalarger measureofself-ruletotheIndians, Whenonenation,however,getsentangledinthedestinyofanother,itis nosimplemattertobringaboutpoliticalindependence,evenofafederated sort,overnight.Thefailureofthe CrippsMissionwillnotputanendto allnegotiationsbetweenBritainand theIndianpeoples,Thepresentwarcrisismaypostponethesolution,buta wayofcompromisewillbefound, TherealtragedyinIndiawould occurifthegrowingpainsofnationalismshouldbreakoutincivilturmoil. Thatwouldcomefromthedecisionc)1 theminority,notfromthenon-violent, passive-resistancepolicypreachedby Gandhi. IndependenceiscomingtoIndia.Of thatthereisnodoubt.Butwhenand whatkindwilldependontheIndian peoplethemselvesandontheirsolutionofthepresentdisunitythatreign amongthem.

GoldfieldsSection

pectoflife,social,politic,andeconomic,eventhemodeofdresstakesona religioussignificance.Onecanimmediatelypointouttheadherentsofthe varioussects:Hindus,Mohammedans, Buddhists,andsoondownthenumerouslist.Nocountryintheworld isasreligion-mindedasIndia.

AnyanalysisofthereligiouselementsofIndianaturallystartswith thecapitaldivisionofHindusandMohammedans.TheHindusoutnumber theMohammedansaboutthreetoone, theformerclaimingabout240million totheapproximately80millionMohammedans.

Intheirgeneralcharacteristics,the twobeliefsarediametricallyopposed. Hinduismisanall-embracingcreed thatcondemnsnoheresy.Withits pantheonofthreethousandandmore godsandgoddessesitabsorbsallthat :tencountersindogmaandrite, Mohammedanismontheotherhand, withitsdefinitebeliefintheOne, TrueGod,isareligionofformalcreed andritualwithamilitanttendency towardproselytism.IthasaninfluenceinIndianpoliticallifeoutofproportiontonumericalstrength,because itisnotonlybetterorganisedbutitis vitalisedwithanaggressiveoutlook.

Acommonbasisforunityandcooperationcouldprobablyhavebeen workedoutifithadbeenonlyamatter ofbringingtogetherthesetwolarge groups,Unfortunately,neitherof thesepresentedanysortofunity amongthemselves.TheHindusare brokenupintofactionsthatrangefrom the"HinduMahasabha,"theorganisationrepresentingorthodoxBrahminism,downthroughthescaletotheDepressedClasses,the60millionorso whoformthemassofoutcastesto whomBrahminismrefusesadmissionto Hindusocialandreligiouslife.These factionsrepresentalmosteveryschool

speculation,itretainsthedoctrineof thetransmigrationofsouls, Itspoliticalinfluence,though,is lessthanthatoftheSikhs,asectnumberingaboutfivemillion,whosemilitantfaithsprangfromareformation ofHinduisminthesixteenthcentury byNanak,theirfirst"Guru."Sikhism proclaimstheunityofGod,theequalityofmen,rejectsidolatry,butbelievesinthetransmigrationofsouls.

Allthesefactionsarejealousoftheir religiousandpoliticalrights.Religiousfanaticismhasbeensostrong amongthemthatanysortofcompromiseessentialtoeffectunityhasbeen difficulttoattain,

Thefermentationofthecenturies mustcontinueforsometimeyet, Someprogresshasbeenmadeinthis processoffermentation,especiallyduringthepasthalf-century.TheIndian NationalCongressParty,whichplayedsuchaleadingroleinthenegotiationswiththeCrippsMission,hasbeen theoutstandingdrivingpowerinIndiannationalism.Itwasfoundedin 1885byanEnglshman,Allan0.Hume, aretiredAnglo-Indiancivilservant. Itsavowedprogrammeeversinceits foundinghasbeentoformonenation outofthemanifoldgroupsandtoeffect somethinglikeDominionstatus,

Thelife-historyoftheCongressParty hasbeenhectic,fullofdisputesbetweentheradicalLiberalmembers andtheConservativesoverthespeed withwhichHomeRuleshouldbeaccomplished,Since1920theCongress hasbeenmoreorlessundertheleadershipofMahatmaGandhi,who,strange tosay,isnotanofficialmemberofthe party.

Gandhi'sconservativeradicalismin theleadershipofthepartycanbeseen inthetemperingoftheextremesocialistictendenciesofNehru,hisunderstudy,andtheexpulsionofSubhas

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