The Record Newspaper 02 July 1942

"Taste Tells" Johnston's

THEcomplicationsattendantupontheAngloRussianTreaty,especially asregardspost-wardeliberationsandsettlements,arealreadyappearing.ThetestcaseofRussia'ssinceritywillbethefateofPolandand theBalticStates.ThatPolanditselfisnotaltogethertrustfuloftheantiChristiantotalitarianregimeofStalin,wasevidencedbytherecentconference intheU.S.A.betweenGeneralSikorski,PresidentofthePolishGovernmentin Exile,andPresidentRoosevelt.Thegraveimportofthisquestionforthe futurepeaceofEuropeisadmirablyoutlinedinthearticlebelowbyCount AntoniTarnowski,formerlyofthePolishEmbassyatWashington.

PerilousBuffers.

TheterritoryofEasternEurope, lyingbetweentheBlackandtheBaltic SeainonedirectionandbetweenGermanyandRussiainanother,islikeany otherpartoftheworldendowedwith itsownlifeandhistory.Inanalysing itsthousand-year-oldtradition,one cansaywithoutexaggerationthat,situatedbetweentwosteadilygrowingempires,thenationsofEasternEurope hadtousemostoftheireffortstoprotectthemselvesagainstbeingengulfed byeitherorbothofthetwoneighbours. Theirchiefcharacteristicsthroughout theageswasthattheyrefusedtobecomeeitherpartofGermanyorpart oftheMuscoviteEmpirelatercalled Russia.Thestrikingdesire,repeatedlystressed,ofthosenations,wastopreservetheirownindividualculturaland politicallife.

Poland'sRe-Birth.

Thereweretimeswhenthispolicy seemeddoomed,suchastheperiod afterthepartitionsofPolandwhen thispartofEuropeceasedtoexistas afreelandforalmost130years.There were,however,yearsofgloryand stronglyexpandinglife,yearswhena happyunionbetweenPoland,LithuaniaandRuthenia(calledatpresent theUkraineassuredapeacefuldevelopmentforthesenationsforalong periodoftime.Poland'sreturntofreedomin1918recreatednormalconditionsforanindependentlifeinthis wholeregion.

FirstVictims. InthetwentyyearsoftheirindependentlifethatfollowedWorldWar I,theBalticStatesprovedtobeefficientandprogressiveorganisersoftheir countries.Theagrariansystemwas changedquickly,andlargefeudalestateswerebrokenupintomanyunits

SIKORSKI

IndependentBalticStatesNecessary. Asinpastcenturies,thenationsof EasternEuropeconsiderthepresent lossoftheirindependenceatemporaryblow,andaresparingnoeffortin bloodandsacrificetowinitback.One obviouslessonoughttobelearnedfrom thepresenttragedy,notonlybythe Balticpeoplesthemselves,butbyall thosewhobelieveinprinciplesoffree-

circlesinEnglandwhowouldliketo payRussiaforhergallantfightagainst Germanywiththelivingbodiesofhalf ofPoland,Britain'sally,andof Lithuania,Estonia,andLatvia.

MoralPrestigeThreatened.

Thisideaissodangerouswithregardtotheentiremoralprestigeofthe democraciesandtotheveryissuesof thiswar,thatitmustarouseawellfoundedindignationeverywhere.Isit possiblethatinthemidstofthewar, whenthemoralconfidenceofallbelligerentsoneforanother,andthetrust ofthedefenceless,overrunsmallnationsinthedemocraciesisofsuchvital importance,asuddenreturntotheillfamedpolicyofMunichisenvisaged?

SomeeditorialsoftheLondon"Times" andSirStaffordCripps'recentinterviewin"Life"magazineindicatethata gravedangerinthisrespectliesahead.

GainsbyAggressionHiegel.

fears

(representingfirstvictimsofwar) forpeasantfarming.Schoolswere builtandthegeneralstandardofliving improvedgreatly.Theoutbreakof thewarin1939,initiatedbytwosimultaneousaggressionsonPoland,byGermanyonthewestandRussiaonthe east,forcedagainthecollapseofthe independentsystemofEasternEurope.InashorttimeafterPoland's resistancewasbroken,allneighbouring Stateswereoverruninturn.Lithuania,Estonia,andLatvialosttheirfreedom,andRumaniawasfacedwiththe choiceofactingasaGermanpuppet orofbeingannihilated.

CRIPPS

(whocontemplatesanotherpartition ofPoland)topleaseRussia) don,andhopeforadurablepeace.It isthis:thefutureofpeaceandprosperityinContinentalEuropelargelydependsonthecontinuedexistenceof strongandindependentBalticnations.

ImmoralBargaining. Thenecessity,somuchmisunderstood afterthelastwarbymanystatesmen, shouldbekeptinmindnow,sincealreadysymptomsoftheold,immoral policyofbargainingwithothernations' propertyseems,withrespecttoEastern Europe,tobeappearingagainto-day. Thesponsorsofsuchideasarecertain

Whenlastsummer,afterHitler'sattackonRussia,PolandfollowedEngland'sexampleinsigninganagreementwiththeSovietUnion,Anthony Eden,actingonbehalfoftheBritish Government,solemnlydeclaredthat GreatBritainwouldneverrecognise anychangesinterritoryobtainedby aggression.Asimilarstatementwas issuedlaterbySumnerWelles,then actingSecretaryofStateoftheUnited States.Mr.Welles'declarationwasin fullaccordwiththewell-established principlesofAmericanpolicy,which refusestoacceptforceasacriterionfor settlinginternationalaffairs,andis basedontheconceptionofmoralityin therelationsbetweennations.This moralityabsolutelyrejectsanysuggestionofrecognisingactsofforceas legal.VividsymbolsoftheAmerican policyaretherepresentativesofconquerednationsresidingstillintheir officialcapacityinWashington.Among themarealsothediplomaticrepresentativesofLithuania,Estoniaand Latvia.

RussianandPressInterpretation. ThatMr.Welles'andMr.Eden's statementswithregardtothePolishSovietboundarieswerenecessary,was (Continuedonbackcover.)

DoesDiplomaticRepresentationwithAxisPartners MeantheVaticanhasShakenHandswiththeDevil?

TopeReceivesJapaneseEmbassyin EarlySeventeenthCentury

RealpurposeofHasakura'shistoricmissiontoEurope

ThetruereasonwhyRussiahasnorepresentativeatthe Vaticanisnotpolitical butreligious

"NotaCommunist,"Manly:

Q.:WouldyousaytheVaticanhas shakenhandswiththedevil,byhavingrelationswitheveryAxispartner, includingJapan?

R.:Certainlynot.Toenterinto conversationswithasinnerwhosesins youdonotapprove,andwhilsttelling himclearlythatyoudonotapprovehis sins,isnotto"shakehandswiththe devil.'Thereisnotanationinthe worldthatisabovereproach,and thePoperefusedtohaveanythingto dowithanynationunlessitwereperfect,hewouldreceiverepresentatives romnoneofthem.Asitis,heispreparedtotalktoallofthem,forwhatevergoodhecanaccomplish.Ithink yourdifficultyarisesfromavagueidea thatthemomentthePopeagreestoreceiveanambassadorfromsomegiven nation,hehas,bytheveryfact,enteredintoapoliticalalliancewiththat nation.Nothingofthekind.The alliednationswhohaverepresentativesattheVaticanknowverywell thattheVaticanisundernopolitical obligationtothem,evenastheAxis partnersrealisethesame.

* * * *

THESUPERNATURALMISSION.

Q.:It'snousesayingthattheVatican representsthesupernatural.

R.:Imust,nevertheless,sayit.The onlythingtoberememberedisthat theChurchrepresentsthesupernatural inthisworldwithwhichshemust, therefore,beincontact,andwhichshe musttrytoinfluenceforthebetter byalllawfulmeans.

Q.:TherecouldbenosupernaturalrelationsbetweentheVaticanand Japan,whichisn'tevenaso-called Christiancountry.

R.:Thatisnottrue.ChristcommissionedHisChurchtogoandto teachallnations,Thatatonceestablishesasupernaturalrelationshipof theChurchtowardsallnations.Until anationisconverted,Iadmitthatthe supernaturalrelationshipisunilateral. Afteranationisconverted,thesupernaturalrelationshipbecomesbilateral ormutual.TheChurch,therefore,has asupernaturalrelationshiptoallnations,whatevertheirattitudetowards her.Hersupernaturalrelationshipis eithertowardsconvertednations,ortowardsnationstobeconverted.So ChristHimselfhasasupernaturalrelationshipwithboththejust,whoacceptHim,andsinners,whorejectHim.

* * * *

CATHOLICINTERESTS.

Q.:It'snousesayingthatthePopeis merelylookingafterCatholicinterests.

R.:Idon'tsaythat.Primarily,he mustdothat,andIincludenotonly existentCatholicinterests,butpotentialCatholicintereststoberealisedin thefuture.But,apartfromspecificallyCatholicinterests,thePopewilluse hisinfluenceforeverygoodandhumanitarianpurposethatcancontribute tothepeaceandhappinessofmankind, whateverthereligionorirreligionof anygivensectionsofhumanity.

Q,:IfheislookingafterCatholicinterests,thenitmeansthatCatholics aretobespeciallyfavouredbythe enemy. R.:Idon'tthinkyourealisewhatyou aresaying,for,ifyoudid,youcertainlywouldnotsayit.Whenyouspeak oftheenemy,youmeanourownpoliticalenemy.Now,doyoureallythink thattheCatholicChurchmustregard asherpoliticalenemyanynationthat happenstobeourpoliticalenemy?

MusttheCatholicChurchidentifyherselfpoliticallywithourcause?Itisyou whowanttodragtheCatholicChurch downintothearenaofpolitics.And allyourdifficultiesareduetothefact thatyouarereallythinkingonlyin termsofpoliticsallthetime.Again, grantedthattheCatholicChurch existstopromatethecauseofChrist, areyougoingtoobjecttoherefforts togetthatcausespeciallyfavoured withinsomeothernationmerelybecausethatnationhappenstobepoliticallyopposedtoourowncountry?

SincewhenwasitthelawthattheCatholicChurchmustexercisehermission inthisworldsubjecttothepolitical approvalofanygivennationorgroup ofnations?

VIEWOFGOODCATHOLICS.

Q.:IknowmanygoodCatholics,andI knowtheideaisrepulsivetothem.

R.:NogoodCatholiccouldfindthe idearepulsivethattheCatholicreligionshouldheesteemed,andgranted libertytogrowandextenditsinfluence,inanycountryintheworld, whateveritspoliticalrelationshiptowardsourownnation.Afterall,the sacrificestheyhavemadeonbehalfof theforeignmissions,goodCatholics havenodesiretoseethosemissionsdestroyed,andtheirworkcrippled.And ifthePopecansecureanyspecialprotectionforthosemissions,andeventhe expansionoftheCatholicreligionin foreignlands,theyaregratefultoGod, eventhoughthoseforeignlandshappentobeinvolvedinwarwithusat thepresenttime.

VATICANANDTHEWORLD.

Q.:IftheVaticanhasnoworldlyrelationswithenemycountries,whydoes ithavetheirrepresentativesatthe Vatican?

R.:TheVaticanhasnoenemycountries,andconsequentlyhasnorepresentativesfromenemycountrieswithin itswalls.TheVaticanisstrictlyneutral.Ithasnopoliticalallianceswith anynation,anddoesnotregardany nationasapoliticalenemy.The Vaticanregardsitselfasnotonthe politicalplaneatall.Atthesame

time,IhaveneversaidthattheVaticanhasnoworldlyrelations.Shehas manynon-politicalworldlyrelations, forthesimplereasonthat,thoughshe isnotoftheworld,sheisintheworld. Sheconsistsofhumanbeings,and everyoneofhersubjectshappensalso tobe,inthecivilorder,asubjectof oneorotherofthenationsinthis world.TheveryrelationshipofCatholicstothecountriestowhichthey belongwillbringthosecountriesinto relationshipwiththeVaticanasthe centreofthereligionthoseCatholics profess.Variouscountrieswillwant toknowhowfartheirlegislationcan meetwiththeapprovaloftheCatholic conscience,andtounderstandthemind ofthePopeintheexerciseofhis spiritualauthorityovertheirsubjects.

RUSSIAUNREPRESENTED.

Q.:Russiaistheonlycountrythathas norepresentative.Itdoesnotwish tositonthefencewiththeVatican. R.:Youarereallyspeakingfoolishly.

Firstly,youarethinkingoftheVatican assittingonthepoliticalfence,and refusingtotakepoliticalsides.Yet youhavebeenaccusingtheVaticanof sidingpoliticallywithJapan!Asa matteroffact,theVaticanisanonstartedinthepoliticalrace.Secondly,yousaythatRussiahasnorepresentativebecauseshedoesnotwishto sitonthefence.DoyoumeantosuggestthatallwhohavesentrepresentativestotheVaticanare"sittingon thefence,"includingEngland,withits ambassador,andPresidentRoosevelt, withhispersonalrepresentative?The realreasonwhyRussiahasnorepresentativeattheVaticanisnotpolitical, butreligious.Theofficialpolicyof theCommunistregimeisthedestructionofreligion.BylawinRussia atheismmustbetaughtintheschools. AndStalinhasnotyetgottothestage ofinconsistencywhichwillenablehim toaskofficiallyforanexchangeofre presentativeswiththeSupremeBishop inChristendom.

AnEarlyJapaneseEmbassy

"Interested,"Bovrraville

Q.:Wouldyou,please,commenton thefollowingstatementmadeby Dr.W.G.Goddard,inalecturebeforetheRoundTableClubinBrisbane,onApril14last.

R.:Iwilldoso,becausetheincident isaveryinterestingoneinitself,and hasadditionalinterestatthispresent time.ButIwillhavetodisagreewith Dr.Goddard'sinterpretationofthe event;granted,ofcourse,thatyou havecorrectlyquotedhiswords.

Q.:Dr.Goddardsaidthat,inthe17th century,aJapaneseambassador namedHasakuraRokuyemontravelledtoRomeforthepurposeoffindingoutthemilitarystrengthof Europe.

R.:Thatisnotcorrectasitstands. Herearethefacts:Bytheyear1613, Spanishmissionaries,whohadlong beenworkinginJapan,hadsucceeded inconvertingtotheCatholicFaith overamillionJapanese.Now,atthat time,therulingEmperor,Ieyasu,was anoldman,andaneighbouringdependentprincenamedDateMasamune, ofSendai,alsoapagan,gottheideaof deposingIeyasu,andsnakinghimself masterofthewholeofJapan.ToaccomplishthisrevolutioninJapanhe soughttheassistanceoftheJapanese ChristiansandoftheKingofSpain, Healsothoughtitwouldbegoodto

Hibernian-Australasian

getthePope,thenPaulV.,toadvise theChristianstosupporthim.Sohe sentanembassytoMadrid,with HasakuraRokuyemonincharge,to treatfirstwiththeKingofSpainconcerningmilitaryhelp;andafterthat togoontoRometoaskthePopefor letterscommendingthecausetoJapaneseCatholics.Youcanseehowinadequateandmisleadingitistodescribethevisitasonetofindoutthe militarystrengthofEurope!That seemstosuggestthatJapanwascontemplatinganattackonEurope.In reality,anambitiousJapaneseprince, DateMasamune,wasseekinghelpfrom SpainforarevoltwithinJapanagainst theEmperorIeyasu. * * * VISITTOPHILLIPIII.,OFSPAIN.

Q.:HasakuraRokuyemonwasfeted bytheKingofSpain,PhillipIll., whoattendedhisbaptism.

R.:Itistruethattheembassywas receivedwithhonoursbytheKingof Spain.Itisalsotruethatseveralmembersoftheembassy,includingHasakura,becameCatholicswhilstinSpain, thoughnotalldidso.Thatisnot surprising,fortheywereclosefriends withtheJapaneseChristians,andalreadyknewagooddealofChristian doctrine.Buttheirconversionwas theirownpersonalaffair.Whenit cametoapoliticalandmilitaryalli-

antewithHasakura'soverlord,Masamune,forthepurposesofinsurrection, thatwasanothermatteraltogether. AndPhillipIII.refusedtoinvolve Spaininsoadventurousaproposal. Fromthatpointofviewtheembassy wasacompletefailure. * * * *

WASTHEPOPEDECEIVED?

Q.:HasakuraactuallydeceivedPope PaulV.

R.:Dr.Goddarddoesnotsayin whatway.Possiblyhethinksthat Hasakuraonlypretendedconversion, andreceivedbaptisminsincerelyasa politicalmeanstoanend,thusdeceivingthePope.Butthereareno groundstosuspectHasakuraofinsincerityinthismatter.Meantimethe Popewasnotdeceived,concerningthe politicalnatureoftheembassy.He receivedthememberswithcourtesy, heardtheirpetitionformoralsupport, anddelayedhisreplyuntilhehad goneintothewholematter.Inthe endhesaidhecouldnotrecognise Masamuneasasovereignprince,since hewasnot;andthathewouldnotrecommendCatholicsinJapantosupport Masamune'sambitions. SotheembassycertainlydidnotsucceedindeceivingPopePaulV.

Q.:HonourswerepaidtoHasakurain Venice.

R.:Hewasreceivedwiththecourtesyduetoanambassadorwherever hewent.Butthatdidnotcontribute tothesuccessofhisdiplomaticmission.

PERSECUTIONINJAPAN.

Q.:WhenHasakurareturnedtoJapan, hesetouttoexterminateallthe Christiansofthatcountry.

R.:Thatisnotcorrect.WhenHasakurareturnedtoJapanhehadonly failuretoreporttohispaganlord, Masamune.Meantime,theoldEmperor,leyasu,haddiscoveredtheplot. Todivertsuspicionfromhimself,MasamunebegantopersecutetheChristians, andjoinedwithleyasuinexterminatingthem.

Q.:Dr.Goddarddeclaredthatthe Japanesehistorian,ShujiroWatanabe,admitsthatthepurposeof Hasakura'svisittoEuropewas military,andthatitsreligiousaspect wassimplyacleverguise.

R.:Ihaveexplainedthepurposeof thevisittoEurope.Thereareno groundstosuspectthemotivesofsuch oftheembassyasbecameCatholics. NordidtheirconversionhaveanyinfluenceoneitherPhillipIII.orthe Popeasregardstheirdiplomaticrepresentations.Thebestaccountofthis particularembassyisthatbytheJapanesehistorian,G.Mitsukuri,andpublishedin1901.HehadaccesstodocumentsinJapaneseArchiveswhichwere unknowntoprevioushistorians,and wasabletopointouttheiromissions anderrors.Additionalmatter,supportingMitsukuri,waspublishedin 1909bytheInstituteofHistoricalCompilationattheImperialUniversityof Tokyo.

HaveAllMenEqualRights?

"Awake,"Sydney,N.S.W.

Q.:Areallmenequal?

R.:Allmenareequallyhuman beings.equallycreaturesofGod,and equallyintendedbyGodtosavetheir soulsandattainheavenlyhappinessin eternity.Butallmenareobviously notequalinthisworld.Thereare tremendousinequalitiesinhealth,mentalability,forceofcharacter,wealth andpower.Andthesedifferenceswill alwaysresultinunequalgradesinsociety.Menwillneverarriveatcompletesocialandeconomicequality.

Q.:Haveallmenequalrightsand duties?

R.:No.Therecanonlybearelativeandproportionateequalitywhere rightsanddutiesareconcerned.Rights anddutiesgotogether.Now,itis clearthatdutiesdiffer.Thedutiesof rulersandsubjects,ofparentsand children,ofteachersandpupils,ofemployersandemployees,ofsoldiersand civilians,arenotthesame.And rightsvaryaccordingly. * * *

LIBERTYLIMITED.

Q.:WhatdoestheChurchteachregardingtherightoftheindividual totheenjoymentofliberty?

R.TheChurchteachesthatthereis nosuchthingasabsoluteliberty,asif menshouldbeexemptfromallrestrictions.Libertywouldthenbecome simplylicence.Amoderateliberty canbeassuredtoindividualslivingin societyonlyprovidedallarewillingto submittocertainrestraints.Forexample,yourfreedomcanbepreserved onlyifIamrestrainedfromtrespassingonyourrights.Andmylegitimate freedomdependsonyourbeingcompelledtorespectit.Man'srealliberty isfreedomtobetruetohisrealnature anddignity,tostandinarightrelationwithGodandhisfellowmen,tobe freefromerrorandvice.Nowadays peopletendtospeakoflibertyasif itshouldmeanabsoluteindependence ofallauthority,divineorhuman;and asifmenshouldbefreetothinkwhat theylike,saywhattheylike,anddo whattheylike.Butinthoughtman's realfreedomistobeliberatedfrom error-nottopossesstherighttohold anyopinionwhetheritberightor wrong;inspeechmanmustbefettered bythelimitsoftruth,foronlythen willhebeliberatedfromlies;inconducthemustberestrainedbythedemandsofjusticeandtherightsof others.

RIGHTTOPRIVATEPROPERTY.

Q.:Whatismeantbyprivateproperty?

R.:Therightofprivatepropertyis therighttosecure,own,use,anddisposeofthingsaccordingtoone'sown willandwithouthindrancefrom others.

Q.:Whencearisestherighttoprivate Property?

R.:Ingeneral,thenaturalmorallaw itselfgivesmentherighttoown things,providedtheyarelegitimately obtained.Thatnatureitselfestablishestherighttoprivatepropertyis evidentfromtheindividualman'sright tobothhisexistenceandfittingdevelopment;fromtherequirementsof familywelfare;andfromconsiderations ofthesocialgood.Manhasthenaturalrighttoownthemeansofhisown

Q.:Asthevictimleftnodependents, thequestionofreparationdoesnot arise.

kIfdependentswereinwant throughthedeathofthevictim,compensationwould,ofcourse,havetobe made.Howeveryouexcludethat factor.

*

TELLINGTHEPOLICE.

Q.:If"X"laterbecomestrulyrepentant,andgoestoConfession,can thepriestabsolvehimunconditionally,ormusttheconditionbemade that"X"confesshiscrimetothe civilauthorities,andsurrenderto them?

R.:Grantedthat"X"wastrulyrepentant,hewouldbeabsolvedabsolutely.Noobligationwouldbeimposeduponhimtodenouncehimselfto thepolice.Theconfessionalisnota

tribunalofcivillaw.Itisconcerned withconsciences,andtherelationship ofsoulstoGod.Incivillaw,every manispresumedinnocentuntilheis provedguilty.Anditisthedutyof theStatetoprovecrimesagainstcivil law,andarrestthoseguiltyofthem. EventheStateitselfdoesnotexpect criminalstoincriminatethemselves, andappointsnoextrapenaltiesfor thosewhohavewaitedforthelawto overtakethem,insteadofvoluntarily confessingtheircrimesanddelivering themselvesuptothepolice.Asthere isnoobligationtodothis,therefore, nopriestwouldobligeapenitenttodo it.Providedheweretrulysorryfor havingviolatedGod'slaw,hewould receiveabsolutionunconditionally; save,ofcourse,forthesacramental penanceimposed,andtohefulfilled privately.

OurCatholicSchoolsandColleges

CHRISTIANBROTHERS,MT.HENRY

OneoftheeissociutedPublic SchoolsofWA.

AquinasCollege

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subsistenseandthatofhisfamily,as wellastoprovideforthefuture.And thewelfareofthecommunityisbetter securedwhenmenhaveapersonalinterestinwhatbelongstothemseles. PopeLeoXIII.wroteasfollowsinhis Encyclical,"RerumNovarum":"With reasonthen,thecommonopinionof mankind,littleaffectedbythefewdissentientswhohavecontendedforthe oppositeview,hasfoundinthecarefulstudyofnature,andinthelawsof nature,thefoundationsforthedivisionofpropertyandthepracticeofall ageshasconsecratedtheprincipleof privateownershipasbeingpre-eminentlyinconformitywithhumannature, andasconlucinginthemostunmistakablemannertothepeaceandtranquillityofhumanexistence.Theauthorityofthedivinelawaddsitssanction,forbiddingintheseverestterms tocovetthatwhichisanother's."

Q.:CouldtheStateabolishallprivate propertyintheinterestofthecommongood?

R.:Itcouldhavenorightwhatever, divineorhuman,toadoptsuchameasure.Norwoulditbeforthecommongood. * * * *

USEOFPROPERTYRESTRICTED.

Q.:Isman'srighttoprivateproperty limitedinanyway?

R.:Yes.EventhoughCatholic teachingvindicatestheradicalrightof mentoprivateownership,ithasnever maintainedthattherearenorestrictionsontheuseofhispossessions. Where,inparticularcases,thecommon goodrequiresit,theStatecanresume aman'sprivateproperty,offeringdue compensation.Thatisreallyacompulsoryexchangeofproperty.Again, inrelationtotheirfellowmenthose whoownprivatepropertyaresubject tothelawsofjusticeandcharity.In thefaceoftheselawsprivateowners arestewardsoftheirgoodsforthe benefitofall,ratherthanabsoluteproprietors.Thus,inextremenecessity justiceitselfdemandsthataprivate ownermustsharehisgoodswithothers indangerofdeathfromstarvationor anyotherdisastrousconditionhecould avert.Outsideextremenecessity, charitydemandsthatthepossessorrelievetheneedsofothersaccordingto thegravityoftheirdistressandhisown resources.TheCatholicChurch,therefore,doesnotadmittherighttoprivatepropertywithoutanyrestrictions atall.Absolutelibertytodoasone pleaseswithone'spossessionscannot besustained.

Confessionof Murder

"Justitia,"Haberfield:

Q.:Tosettleadiscussion,wouldyou kindlysolvethefollowingcaseconcerningConfession?

R.:Gladly.

Q.:Imagineacaseinwhich"X"commitsamurderinsuchawaythatthe victim'sdeathisacceptedasanaccident,andnosuspicioncanfallon himselforanybodyelse, R.:I'veimaginedthecase.

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CanPolitiesalonesolve India'sGreatest Problem?

SocialSalvationMustCometoIndianPoor FromWithin ButitMustbeInstilled FromWithout

HOWUSURERSBATTENONTHEPEASANTS Theirglary

Solehopeof"depressed"classeslies intheChurchthroughtheMissionSchools

Therecentendeavoursonthepartof BritaintosettlethequestionofIndia's statushaveturnedtheeyesofthe worldtowardsthatcountry.Allkinds ofpoliticaltheorieshavebeen,and willbe,advanced,butasthelateRev. T.GavanDuffyshowsinthefollowing article,itistheutmostfollytoassert thatuponthepoliticalissuealonedependsthehappinessofthepeopleof thatPeninsula.

TheproblemswhichconfrontIndia, anduponthesolutionofwhichdependsthehappinessofherchildren,are notpolitical,butsocial.Itmatters notaparticleifthehundredsofmillionsofilliteratesinIndiabedragoonedbytheMughals,orgoverned

thatthelocalitymayoffer,andthey eat,atnight,thewagesoftheday. Thencomestheseasonabletimefor plantingground-nuts;thismeansmany adayofunremunerativetoil,during whichtheymustborrowgrainforfood, andborrowalsothegraintheyareto sow;andtheground-nutcrop,whenit isharvested,hardlyeverasmuchas paysthedebts.Meanwhilethework beginsinthericefields;thepeasant isouteachmorningbeforesunrise,irrigating;usuallyittakesthreemento dothiswork,sothat,iftherearenot threeadultsinthefamily,helpmust beobtainedatthesacrificeofapercentageoftheharvest.Duringthis timethepeasantcomeshomehungry, sitsdowntosomemiserablemessconcoctedbyhishousewifefromunnourishingkickshaws,pickedupGod

The"backward"classessuffersocial tyranny,butnot,likethe"depressed," thephysicaldisabilitiesofostracism. Theyareoppressedratherthandepressed;and,aboveall,theyhave whattheotherslack,ambitionand thewilltorise.

Themoney-lendinglandedclasses abusethedepressedclassesshamefully. Duringthedepressionwhichfollowed thelastwar,itwasimpossibleforany Pariahtorefusetowork,sothelandlord,insteadofpayinghislabourers theusualfourannasfortheirdaily labour,paidthemoneanna;theyhad eithertoacceptordie.

Youmightsay:"Whydonotthedepressedclassesemigrate?"Theydo, toomanyofthem.ButtheIndianis aconservativeandlovesthespot wherehewasborn.Andemigration is,atbest,asurgicaloperationandnot aremedy;itisnotanachievement, socially,butatearingoutofhearts.

Itisthishand-to-mouthdependenceoftheIndianslavethatmakes thehopelessnessofhiscondition.All thelandlord'slabourers,onemight imagine,shouldstriketogetherandlet hisfieldsliefallow.Butthelandlordcouldholdoutforayearatleast, withlastseason'scropsafeinhis granary,whilsteveryPariahcouldbe deadwithinamonth.Howcanthey learnthestrengthofunionunder suchconditions?

derstand,nortoacceptuntrueteczipi.s. Alittlearithmeticwillputhimonnis guardagainstapparentlyharmless andactuallymurderousratesofinterest.Co-operativebanl'smayflourish,ifmannedbymoreeducatedofficialsinbetterinstructedvillages.And also,ingeneral,alittlelearningwill betheparentofthatnecessarymodicumofambitionwithoutwhichthe "depressed"classesarewell-nighirredeemable.

Schools,then,aretheMissioner's bestcontributiontothesolvingof India'sproblem(astheyarethebasis ofallapostolicefforteverywhere).In India,asinalltheMissioncountries, thedevelopmentofthisworkofthe schoolsiswaitingonthecharityof thehomefolk,whoaretooaptto leavetheirrepresentativesinheathen landsunsupported,andtobecontent withabstracttheoriesonthegovernmentofIndia,whentheymightbe substantiallyassistingtheIndianpeopletowardsatleastthatminimumof socialfreedomwithoutwhichnogovernmentispossibleandnolifeworth living.

TheFightingScotand UnspoiltManofthePeople

bytheEnglish,orexploitedbythe Brahmins,orlefttothetendermerciesofarestlessfeudalism,ifallthese possibleformsofgovernmentareequallypowerlessorunwillingtoeffectsocialreform.Thepeople,thepeasantry,theunletteredmassesofIndia carenotacoppertambuliwhoholds thereinsofpowerfromthepolitical standpoint,butwhateveroverlord effects(orpromiseseven)themost sweepingsocialactionistheoneto whomtheIndianswillvowablindferocityofadherence.Tothesocialquestion(andtothereligiousquestion)the politicalquestionis,andmustremain. subordinate.

Toanagriculturalpopulation,the maininterestistheland.Now,in India,theuncertaintyoflandtenure bytheimmensepopulationoflandcultivatorsistheradicalsocialevil.

Beitunderstood,inthefirstplace, thattheaveragepeasanthasnot enoughlandtoprovidehimselfandhis familywithtwomealsofriceaday -throughouttheyear.Usually,inthe Southatleast,theschemeofhisexistenceisasfollows:InJanuaryhehar-vestshispaddy(rice),andforseveral monthsliveswithhisfamilyinthelap ofluxury;histwobullocksgrowfat ontheirfillofstrawuntil,perhaps, theendofMarch.Thenheandhis wifeandallthechildrenthatcan workbegintogooutdailytoearna fewpenniesatanykindofhardlabour

knowswhere,andliesdowntowatch theheavensforthesignsofrain.

Evenfortheseordinarynecessities oflifethefarmerhasrecoursetothe money-lender,theinevitablecurseof theIndianvillage.Itiseasyto drawanilliteratepeasantintodeeper snares.Thepeasantneedsacertain numberofrupeestopurchasepaddy tosowhisfield:heborrowsitagainst abondtohandoverthesuminpaddy, fourmonthslater,atharvestprice,plus onemeasureofpaddyforeachofthe rupees.Thefluctuationintheprice ofthepaddymeansthatthepeasant hastopayaninterestof57percent. forfourmonths,orof171percent.per annum.

Theterm"depressedclasses"ismuch invogueamongthosewhoseekto helptheIndian.Itincludes,of course,thePariahsandallkindred "untouchable"groups;itextends,in aword,toallthosemillionswho,havingnoexperienceofasocietyinwhich allmenarehumanbeings,areincapable,byheredity,ofdesiringtobe anythingmorethantheprincesofan underworld.Socialsalvationmust cometothemfromwithin,buttne desireforitmustbeinstilledfrom without.

These"depressed"classesmustbe arefullydistinguishedfromthe "backward"classes;thelattername compriseallbutthefewcasteswhose greedyhandliesheavyontheland.

Onemightbeginbyteachingthem self-respect.Butforcenturies,the outcasthasbeencondemnedtobuild hishutoutsidethecommonvillage, totheleeward,sothatthebreathof heavenmaynotpassfirstacrosshis roof,andthencegoontopollutethe habitationsofhisbetters;normayhe drawwaterfromthecommonwell,lest itbetaintedbyhisvessel.Hehas onlyoneprivilege,oneonlyhonourwhenabullockdiesinthevillage(of oldage,evenofdisease),hemaytake awaythecarcasewhichnoHinduwill touch,cutitup,divideitwithhisfellows,andeatit.Vain,indeed,isthe attempttogenerateasenseofself-respectinpeoplewhosegloryandwhose honourlieintheselowlevels.

Intruth,salvationmustcomefrom within,andnotforwithout,inmattersthatcomesocloselytothenature ofaraceofmen.Therearethose whosaythesameofpoliticalsalvation,butofsocialsalvationnoneassuredlycandenyit.

Theonehopeforthe"depressed" classesseemstobeintheCatholic Church.TheMissioner'sinfluenceis alltothegood;for,thoughitmaybe yieldedbyaforeigner,itreachesdown tothespringsofactionandcanmould habitsthatwillconquerinthelong run,Ittrulyconstitutesanaction fromwithin,sinceittendstocreatea raceofresponsible,moralpeople,workingtowardsthesubstitutionforpagan selfishnessofthealtruisticprinciples whichunderliethesocialconquestsof Christianity.

NowtheMissionercanactbymany means,butthereisnonemorepotent thantheschool.Inthefirstplace themerefactofliteracywillbea steptowardsovercomingmanyofthe disabilitiessuggestedinthecourseof thisarticle.Ifthepeasantknows howtoreadandwrite,hewillnotbe forcedtosign"bonds"hecannotun-

CARLYLEFERGUSON.

HisCreed,theChangelessCreed"Dountoothersasyouwould bedoneby."

Completecontributorynationalinsuranceagainstunemploymentand sickness,with12/2/old-agesuperannuationforallmenandwomenat60. Completereligiousfreedomasthe divineandnaturalfoundationofall worth-whileevolution.

Rightofeveryyouthtotraintowork tolive,andofeveryman,atanyage, seeingtheerrorofhisway,toretrace hisstepsandacquireskillandpursue theambitionthatparentalneed,or lackofunderstanding,deniedhimin youth. VOTE1FERGUSON,Carlyle

TheFighterforTruthandTolerance.

LegislativeCouncil,MetropolitanSuburban'Seat,July11, AuthorisedbyTRiclon,n,17lain,-,t

Whenthericeharvestiseaten,theIndianpeasant,hiswife,andallthe childrenbegintogooutdailytoearnafewpenniesatanykindofhardlabour

Mr.Telford,inspectorofschools, visitedSt.Mary'sandButler-street ConventSchoolsrecentlyfortheyearly examinations.Hisreportswerevery satisfactoryforallconcerned,teaching beingofthehighestquality,andthe toneoftheschoolsgenerallyexcellent. TheSistersofbothschoolsaretobe congratulatedontheresultstheyhave obtained.

Thesesamechildrenandthepupils oftheC.B.CollegehavebeenresponsibleforthefinerenderingoftheMissa CantataonrecentSundaymornings.

Theparishprizepacketisnowready, andcardsmaybeobtainedfromthe secretary,Mr.P.J.Russell,St.Mary's improvementfundistheworthycause, andthesubscriptionswillbepayable weekly(1/1fromJuly12-September13, orinonepaymentof10/;£1prizeswill bedrawnforeachweekfortenweeks, £60forhighestnumberofpointsinthe 10weeks'drawings,£20forsecond highest,and£10forlowestnumberof points.Thedrawingofprizeswillbe prorata,ifthecompetitionisundersubscribed.

Rev.FatherWeldon,0.M.I.,isreturningtoFremantlethisweek,after conductingRetreatsinthedistrictfor thepastthreeweeks.

AhappyeveningwasspentonSundaylastattheHoranhome,whena partyinhonourofMissCarmelArdagh andMr.JackJohnsonwasheld.Friends weregiventheopportunityofwishing themeveryhappinessintheirapproachingmarriage.Theyoungcouple areverywellknowninthedistrict,and havealwaystakenagreatinterestin parishaffairs.

ThemembersoftheSacredHeart SodalityareremindedthatnextSundayisJuly5,"FirstSunday."Holy Communionat7o'clock,Mass,and eveningdevotions,follwedbythe monthlymeeting.

TheCatholicWomen'sLeaguemeetingwillbeheldonMondayevening afterRosaryandBenediction,aswill alsobetheH.A.C.B.S.meeting.

MissMaryDillon,daughterofMr. andMrs.MackDillon,oftheAustralia Hotel,paidabriefvisitbyplanetoher homeonSaturdaylast,theoccasion beinghertwenty-firstbirthday.A cheery,informaldinnerpartywasheld inherhonour,andshereturnedtoher studiesattheUniversitybearing happymemoriesandthefront-door key.

489

PERTHFISHERIES

AND

WholesaleandRetail. Phone:B5992. CityDeliveries. CountryOrdersCateredFor.

F.HUFNER

29MABELST.,NORTHPERTH. TUNESANDREPAIRSPIANOS ANDORGANS. Phone115824.

PUZZLE

Diocese0fNew Norma

POPE'SJUBILEECELEBRATED ATGOOMALLING

OnSunday,June21,theCatholicsof GoomallingcelebratedtheEpiscopal JubileeoftheHolyFatherinafitting manner.Forreasonofconvenience, theparishpriest,Rev.FatherPlacid, 0.S.B.,chosethethirdSundayinJune asthedayfortheEucharisticprocession,whichisayearlyoccurrencein Goomalling,andwastransferredthis yearfromCorpusChristiSunday.

HisLordship,theAbbotofNew Norcia,RightRev.A.Catalan,0.S.B., D.D.,withRev.FathersPeter,Paul andBede,oftheBenedictineCommunity,motoredfromNewNorciafor theoccasion.

At9o'clockonSundaymorning SolemnHighHasswascelebratedby HisLordship,theAbbot,whohadas DeaconandSub-deacon,theRev. FathersBedeandPaul,respectively. FatherPeterwasMasterofCeremoniesandboysfromSt.Joseph's boardingschoolacquittedthemselves wellasacolytes,Thechurchwas filledtocapacity.

AchoirofgirlsfromthelocalPresentationConventboardingschoolgavea verygoodrenderingofDomMoreno's "MissaDecima."

AftertheGospel,Rev.FatherBede preachedtheoccasionalsermon.What thePopestandsfor,theloveandrespectduetohimandthegreatwork ofourHolyFather,PopePiusXII, inthecauseofpeaceandonbehalfof warprisonersandtheirrelatives,were themainfeaturesofhisdiscourse.We donotdoubtthathisappealforprayersfortheHolyFathermetwitha generousresponse.Ifaproofofthis wereneededitwasathandintheremarkablylargenumberofCommunions receivedatthisMassandofferedup forHisHoliness.ItwouldhavegladdenedtheheartoftheHolyFather tosee,aswesaw,practicallyevery parishionerofGoomallingandnearby districtsapproachingtheAltarRails. Youngandold,menandwomen,boys andgirls,allcametotheHolyTable inanendlessstreamattheheadof whichweresixlittleinnocentswhoon thatdayreceivedtheirLordforthe firsttime. HighMassover,theprocessionof theBlessedSacramentwasorganised. Itwasalengthyonebutitcovered onlychurchandconventgrounds.The crossbearersandacolytesopenedthe marchandwerecloselyfollowedby thechildrenoftheparishschooland theirstaff,thePresentationnuns.The children,totalling80boysand35 girls,comprisedtheschool'sdaypupils andthelittleboysofSt.Joseph's BoardingCollegeandgirlsboardersof thePresentationConvent.Nextcame thewomenfolkofthepairshandthen themenfolk,bothingoodlynumbers, theHolyNamemenbeingprominent amongthelatter.Eachgroupwasprecededbyitsrespectiyebanner.Adozen littleflowerstrewers,robedintheapprovedfashion,walkedimmediately beforetheMonstrancewhichHisLordship,attendedbyFathersBedeand Paulcarriedunderaglitteringcanopy bornebyfourgentlemenoftheparish. Theusualpopularhymnsweresung withzestbythegirlsandwomenfolk. Theprocessionmadetwohalt,on, beforetheConventdoorair,another inthechurchgrounds.Inbothplaces prettylittlealtarsbadbeenprimed andfromthemBenedictionwiththe BlessedSacramentwasgivenbyHis Lordship.Theor'cessionthenreturn tothechurn!',whereat'aireBenedictionwasimpart.!1andwith.tthis highlyreligiousfunctionwasbrought toaclose. Soonafterwardsthediningroomof St.Joseph'sBoardingCollegewasthe centreof'reunion.Thereasubstantial anddaintyCommunionBreakfastwas providedandservedbytheladiesof theparish.Theappreciationbyeveryonepresentofthecommittee'sgood workwasevidentinthefulljustire donetoit.Attheendoftherepast shortspeechesweremadebythe parishpriest,theLordAbbotandthe presidentofthelocalbranchofthe HolyNameSociety,Mr.W.Enright, Expressionsofloyaltyanddevotionto HisHolinessthePope,ofdelightover thesuccessofthatday'sfunctionand ofhopeofanothersimilarfunctionin

thenearfuturetocelebratethefinal victoryofourarmedforcesrang throughthespeechesEulogisticreferencesbytheparishpriesttoMr.and Mrs.Fitzpatrick,whohadonlyrecently settledinthedistrict,wereduly acknowledgedbyMr.Fitzpatrick.

Pope'sDayatHonnongorrbst Konnongorringisanout-stationof theGoomallingparish-alittletoodistantfromthistownshipfortheCatholicstobepresentatthefunctionsheld inhonourofHisHolinessthePope. ButtheCatholicsofKonnongorring werealsogivenanopportunityto demonstratetheirloyaltytotheir churchanditsSupremeHead.Accordingly,thechurchofSt.Michaelasolidbuildingofgracefuldesign-becameonMonday,June22,theplaceof attractionforthem.Thecongregation wasverygood,consideringthenumber ofCatholicsinthedistrictandthe adversecircumstanceofthedaybeing aworkingday.HighMasswascelebratedshortlyafter9,Thecelebrant andassistingministerwereexactlythe sameasatGoomallingontheprevious day.ThechoirwasmotoredfromGoomailingandrendered"MissaDecima" again.Thehallowedwallsofthatlittlechurchhadnotwitnessedasimilar functionsincethedaytheywere blessedandthechurchopenedbyHis Lordship,theAbbot,12yearsago.

SometimeafterMassaCommunion Breakfastwaspartakenofbyallat theKonnongorringHall.Itwasa veryhomelygatheringandthoroughly enjoyed.Thegoodladieswhotook uponthemselvesthecateringmustbe givenfullcreditfortheexcellentmannerinwhichtheyacquittedthemselve4.

Theparishpriest,theLordAbbot, andtheVice-ChairmanoftheRoad Board(Mr.H.Bowen)spokeatthe endofthebreakfastandexpressed theirsatisfactionovertheday'sfunctions,andthehopeofhavinganother similargatheringbeforelongtothank Godforthepeacewhichwearenow fightingforandfeelconfidentofobtaining.

CARNIVALNIGHTATMADDINGTONCENTENARYHALL.

IncelebrationofAmerica'sIndependenceDayonSaturdaynext(July 41aCarnivalNighthasbeenarrangedtotakeplaceintheMaddington CentenaryHall.The"GirlsBandits" Orchestrawillprovidethemusicfor thedancing,whichwillfeaturemany novelties.Theadmissionfeewillbe 2/-,freeoftaxation,asalltheproceedswillbehandedovertopatriotic funds,inwhichtheCatholicWelfare Organisationwillshare.Thecarnival hasbeenorganisedbytheMaddington PatrioticCommittee.Buseswillleave Perthat7.30p.m.andreturnat11.30 p.m.

CatholicTeachers'Guild

Themonthlylecturemeetingofthe CatholicTeachers'Guildwasheldat theCentralCatholicLibrary,Pier-street onWednesday,June24,whenMr. LyonelLobstein,B.A.,Dep.Ed,,gave amostinterestingaddresson"EducationinFranceandGermany,"inboth ofwhichcountrieshewasaHackett researchstudentjustpriortotheoutbreakofwar.Thelargeattendance thoroughlyenjoyedanexcellentlecture,anditishopedthat,withsuchfine intellectualfareoffering,therewillbe anincreasedmembershipoftheGuild. Priortothelecture,thepresident,Miss DorothyTangney,B.A.,Dep.Ed.,outlinedtheaimsandobjectsoftheGuild anditsspiritualsignificance.Teachers desiringinformationremembershipare askedtocommunicatewiththesecretary,MissE.Brady,188Goderichstreet,Perth.Countryteacherswillbe verywelcomeasexternalmembersof theGuild,anditishopedthatanendosedweek-endretreatwillbearranged duringtheAugustvacation,sothat theymayparticipate.Teachers,thisis yourpartintheLayApostolate.Itis notanexactingtask.Meetyourfellowteachersatthelibraryonthe firstSaturdayofeachmonthat11a.m. attendthemonthlylecturesandbe faithfultotheGuild'sspiritualprogramme.Rememberthetimeisnow.

VATICANPRISONEROFWAR BUREAU.

In16months,afterthewarhad beguninearnestinthe%Vestand Libya,theInformationBureauatthe Vaticandealtwith364,409requestsfor newsaboutmissingrelativesandpriQonersofwar. SearchalloverEuropeandinthe prisoners'campssecuredinformation ofthewhereaboutsof147,862.Repliesweresenttorelativesin89,076 lettersand58,786telegrams.

TheBureaupassesthemajorityof therequeststoitsnumerousinformationcentresbyradio.Inthe16 monthsVaticanRadioannouncers wereengagedinthisworkformore than500hours.

SeveralPapalNuncioswhowereobligedtoleavetheirpostsinEuropean countrieswhentheGermansmarched inarenowhelpingtheBureau.ArchbishopRiberi,CardinalHinsley'ssuccessoratApostolicDelegateinAfrica, isalsohelpingthere.

Withthegrowthoftheworkand ofthestafftheBureauhasbeentransferredfromtheofficesofthePapal Secretariatetothemorecommodious officesoftheS.Congregationforthe OrientalChurch.

METROPOLITANSUBURBANPROVINCE Dr.

W.SOMERVILLE

TheIndependentLabourCandidatedesirestouseintheservice oftheElectorshiswideexperienceinPublicAffairsgainedas

MEMBERofCourtofArbitration uptoDecember,1941.

MEMBERofUniversitySenate sinceinception.

CHAIRMANApprenticeBoard.

CHAIRMANAdultEducation Board.

VOTE-

0/111,11.111111 1.1141

WEDDINGREPORTS.

Allreportsofweddingsarechargeableonthefollowingbasis:

Forsinglecolumnreport,withor withoutblock,10/6.

SheridanLeunigWedding

'St.ThomasChurch,Claremont,was recentlythesceneofapicturesqueweddingwhenthenuptialswerecelebrated betweenLieutenantK.J.Sheridanand Miss.MaryLeunig,onlydaughterof Mr.andMrs.HarveyLeunig,ofClaremont.

Onarrivingatthechurchwithher father,thebridewasprecededtothe altarbyherattendants,wheretheweddingceremonywasperformedbyRev. FatherCryan,assistedbyRev.Father MastersonandRev.Dr.Collins.

DuringMass,whichwasservedby Mr.JackWall,thechildren'schoir chanted,accompaniedontheorganby MissMargaretHanley.

Thebrideworealovelywhitegeorgettegownembroideredwithwhite woolfallingintoalongtrain.Theneck linewashighatthefront,andfinished withbuttonstothewaistattheback. Herthree-tieredraw-cuttulleveilwas gatheredintoatopknotoftuberroses

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

HighgateItranch

TheCatholicWomen'sLeague,Highgatebranch,metintheParishHallon Thursdayafternoon,June25,andspent apleasantfewhoursinmakinganddesigningpatchworkquiltsforcharitable institutions.

Wouldmembersandintendedmemberspleasetakenotethatthecombined monthlymeetingandsewingafternoon takesplaceeverysecondThursdayof themonth,at2o'clock,intheParish Hall.Anyonewhoininterestedinthis goodworkisaskedtocomealongto themeetings,andtheywillbesureof acordialwelcome,andwillfindplenty todo.Apartfromdoinggoodwork, itisapleasantafternoon,whichisenjoyedbyall,andafternoonteaisalwaysprovided,socomealongonThursday,July9,at2o'clock,andspenda usefulandenjoyableafternoon.

nestedintulle.Hertrailingbouquet consistedofwhiterosesshadingtoa palepink.Fromthebride'swhitemissalfellwhitesatinribbonsartistically hand-paintedandpresentedtoherby theNunsof"Bona"PresentationConvent.

ThebridesmaidswereMissesLawrenceandJoanAdams,whowereidenticallyfrockedinpalepinkstiffenedlace overtaffeta.Theirminiaturehatsof pinktulleandflowersaddedacharming finish,andtheirbouquetswerepink rosessprinkledwithbluehydrange.

ThedutiesofbestmanandgroomsmanwerecarriedoutbySergeantTony O'HaraandWarrantOfficerJimLeunig,respectively.

Aftertheceremonyareceptionwas heldattheHighwayHotel,wherethe guestswerereceivedbythebride's mother,MrsH.Leunig,wearinga blackFrenchfailconensemblewithautumntonedshoulderspray.Her velourmodelandaccessorieswere black.Shewasassistedinreceivingthe guestsbyMrs.P.Sheridan,motherof thebridegroom,whochoseanavyensembleofheavycrepewithnavyvelour Bretonhatandfinishedwithshoulder

Aftertheusualtoastswerehonoured, andgoodwishesextendedtothehappy couple,thebrideandbridegroomleft bycarfortheirhoneymoon,thebride wearingabrowntailoredcostumeand velourhalohat,withaccessoriesto match.

Priortohermarriagethebridewas guestofhonouratmanyparties,and theseincludedaneveninggivenby MissJoanCoppinatherhomeinPeppermintGrove.

Thebridesmaidsarrangedakitchen teaatthehomeofMissLawrence,and manyusefulkitchenutensilswereprest-rtedtothebrideandbridegroom.

TheOldIonians'AssociationassembledatthehomeofMrs.E.H.Farrant,toextendtheirgoodwishesto thebrideandpresentherwithacrystalsaladbowl.Theguestofhonour hasbeenthesecretaryoftheAssociationsinceitwasformed,in1938,and hasdonemuchfortheAssociation,and isheldinhighesteembyallmembers.

TheChildrenofMaryofClaremont alsomadeapresentationtothebride andextendedtheirgoodwishes.

Rev.MotherandtheNunsof"Iona" PresentationConventinvitedthemembersoftheOldIonians'Associationto theConvent,whenalovelystatuewas presentedtothebridebytheCommunity.

Recipes

Two-WayPudding.

Ingredients:

11ouncesflour, 1pintmilk, 1ouncebutter, 1ouncesugar, 2eggs, Vanillaessence, Choppedcrystalisedfruits, Brownedbreadcrumbs.

Method: Mixtheflourinalittlecoldmilk,add pintofboilingmilk,thebutterand sugar.Boil,stirringallthetime,and setasidetocool.Whencool,addthe well-beatenyolksoftheeggs,thenthe stiffwhiskedwhites.Beatwelland flavourwithvanilla.Butteramould, andstickalloveritthechoppedcrystallisedfruits.Thenshakeoverthe breadcrumbs,andpourinthepreparedmixture.Servecoldwithwhipped cream.Ifdesired,itcanbeserved hot,ifsteamedforonehouronly. Servewithhotcustard.

PearMarmalade.

Method:

Peel,halveandcoreseverallarge pears.Coverwithwaterandboiluntil tender.Removefruit,andreplacewith thepeelings,cores,etc.Boiluntilreducedtohalfthequantity.Then strainofftheliquid.Tothistvrup add11b.sugarandonepintofwaterto eachpoundoffruitused.Boilupthe syrupuntilitjellieswhentested,put thepearsinagain,andboil,stirringfor afewminutesuntilthepreserveis quitesmooth.Youmaytintwith cochinealifdesired. MockSteakFingers.

Method:

Makeupsomebeefextractwithvery littlewater,sothatitisafairlystrong gravy.Cutthickfingersofbreadand soaktheminthegravy.Thendipin beateneggandfryinbaconfat.Serve withslicesofpotatoesandgreenpeas, orgrilledandfriedtomatoes.

MeatMould.

Theingredientsrequiredforthisrecipeare:11b.ofshinofbeef,1 onion, seasoning. Cutupthemeatandonionquite small,andplaceinastewjarwiththe seasoningandenoughwatertocover. Stewgentlyuntilquitetender.Leave allnightintheoven,ifitiswarm. Skimoffthefat,addalittlechopped parsley,andturnintoawetbasinor mould,Leaveuntilitisquitecold, andinajelly,thenturnout.

Twocolumnblock,withreport, flIs, Threecolumnblock,withreport. £110s.

Thesechargesincludethecostof blockineachcase.Seeadvertisingrateselsewhereinthisissue. Allreportsmustbesignedbythe ParishPriest.

THE L.CY HIGHGATE

OnWednesdaynight,June24,the HighgateLeagueofCatholicYouth heldtheirfortnightlydance.Thehall wasprettilydecoratedfortheoccasion,andourusualcrowdofyoung friendswerethere,somecomingfrom asfarasVictoriaPark.Duringthe eveningMissShirleyBurgedelighted thelistenerswithtwopopularsongs. forwhichshereceivedgreatapplause. WehopetohearmoreofShirleyinthe nearfuture.MissEleanorCasey,of Leederville,oneofourmostloyalsupporters,wastheluckyholderofthefree ticketinthetinoftoffee.Therewere severalluckyspotdances,forwhich prizesweregiven.Thedateofournext danceisWednesday,July8,when therewillbespecialattractions.Miss YvonneandAlanCarrier,withtheir Hawaiianguitars,havepromisedto giveanitem,inadditiontoErnieLevesque,ourAmericanvisitor,whowill againgiveusanexhibitiononthe drums.Therewillbeprizesforlucky spotdances,andafreeticketwillagain begiventoeveryoneenteringthehall inaboxofchocolates.Thepriceofadmissionisonly1/6,includingasumptuoussupper,andexcellentmusic. Don'tforgetthedate,Wednesday, July8.

EvansO'HalloranWedding

NuptialMasswascelebratedatSt. FrancisXavier'sCathedral,Adelaide, onApril21,byRev.FatherWalsh, whenVeronica(Rona),youngerdaughterofMr.andMrs.M.O'Halloran,of 228Aberdeen-street,WestPerth,was joinedinholymatrimonytoLieut. AubreyEvans,A,I.P.(returned),elder sonofMrs.M.E.andthelateMr. Evans,of105Brandon-street,South Perth.

Thebride,whowasgivenawayby heruncle,Mr.W.Benbow,worean

ensembleofpowderblue,withmatchinghatandblackaccessories.The bridewasattendedbyhersister,Miss MollieO'Halloran,whochoseafrock ofdustypink,withblackaccessories. RegimentalSergeant-MajorR.Turner, ofthebridegroom'sunit,carriedoutthe dutiesofbestman.Areceptionwas heldafterwardsatthehomeofMrs. Peet,ofSt.Morris.Rev.Fr.O'Halloran,thebride'sbrother,cabledhisbest wishesfromtheMiddleEast.

Mr.

Camp-SwarbrickWedding

ic,.(14y,410THER'SLIKENESS

Mother,yourvirginbeautyhascompelled

Thehandsofmastersfamedadownthe years;

Thegreatestnamesinartarelinked withyours nsomeMadonnapraisedonevery tongue.

And1haveseenthem,Mother,and havesought Mymother'seyes,herlook,hervery soul; Butne'erthosesoftcreationstouched achord

Withinmyheart;

For,Mother,theywerenot Yourgraciousimage;alltooearthly was

Thebeautyofthewomanwhoinspired

Theartimmortalisedonchapelwalls; Tometoohumanwastheirloveliness; Intruth,Icanbutsay,Ilikedthem not.

Oneimage,Mother,istherethatI think Bearsfaintresemblancetoyou.Your sadeyes Looktenderlyuponmefromitsframe: Reproach-sogentle,love,forgiveness, care, Ireadinyourdearface.Andthen Isee Thatyouhavesufferedforme,Mother, and Ilookawayinshame.

Animageold-

OurLadyofPerpetualHelp-itseers.

Tobreakallcanonsofthepainter's art:

Toogaudy,somehavesaid,toocrudely.made, Andnoproportiongovernsit;the Child Isfartoosmall;thecolouringtoo harsh.

Thecriticsjudge;buttheydonotperceive

Thispicturehasasoul-yourverysoul, DearMother,Iseethere.

Idonotcare

ForallthemasterlyMadonnasmade. ThisisthepicturethatIlove.It's you! -J.B.DUFFY.

CardinalMoranEnvisaged Australia'sPeril

LouisBertrand, NotedFrenchWriter

M.LouisBertrand,ofParis,fam..ius Catholicwriterandmemberofthe FrenchAcademy,hasdied,NCWCan nouncesfromVichy.

Hediedontheanniversaryofthe deathofM.MauriceBarres,another greatCatholicwriter,whomhesuceededintheAcademyin1925.

M.Bertrand,whowas75,returned totheFaithofhisyouthonavisitto Palestinein1906."Allofasudden," hesaid,"thenameofJesusflashed intomymind.TheimageofOur Lord,erasedfrommymemory,came tolifeagain."OnChristmasEvethe futureAcademician,lostinthecrowd, receivedHolyCommunionintheBethlehemGrotto.

HespentmostofhislifeinAlgeria andSpain.Asaresultmostofhis writingswereevolvedroundtheMediterranean.Inadditiontohisnovels hewrotealifeofSt.Augustineof Hippo.

Fran-iscanSocialClub

SecondFloor,BactonHouse, HaySt.(nextGleddenBuilding). *LuncheoneveryThursday, 12-2p.m.Lecturetteand discussion.

Women'smeeting2.30-4p.m. Acordialinvitationise.vtended toallinterested

DEAF?

HEARCLEARLY -WithWesternElectric AUDIPHONE

ConsultWithoutObligation. SAINKEN&SAINKEN. HAYSTREET, NextAmbassadorsTheatre.

aS I

Calttutaft

July6:Lorett,PastPupils'AssociationWattleBall,atKarrakattaClub, 8.30p.m.

Thursday,July9:LectureatCentral CatholicLibrary,36Pier-street,byRev. FatherSmith,ofPalmyra.Subject: "FutureChinese-AustralianRelations."

APRYIER

OGod!Ipraynotjustthatwarmay cease, Whenmanmayonceagainpursuehis dailyround Ofgaspandgreed,andblindungodly sweat Andfutilebickeringsofcreed.

IpraythatYou,Creator,Guideand Friend, Willkeepoursonsandbrothersin Yoursight, AndbreathetheHolySpiritontheir hearts. Preservethem,graceful,dayandnight.

Iftheymustdie,that,Lord,mustbe Yourplan. Deathcomestoall.Yetofttimes inthepeace Menarelessprepared Withevenlongerspan.

Ipraythebloodofvictimsofthis warHumanity'sGolgotha,resultofsocial illsMaybringtheResurrectionofthe Christ-taughtlaw, TheBrotherhood,Equalityofman.

Thenallwillprayindeeds.Frombirth United.Selfless,strivinginthecommontask, TomouldthestateYourSontoldus toask:

"ThyKingdomcome, -ThyWillbedoneonearth."

-STELLACARMODY

Illiiti11111w11,111111111111111.11.11.111111111111111111.11.11111.11111111.11111

AirRaidIndoorShelters,thebest andsafest.Only726,Hundredssold. HA.SSELL'S,559WellingtonSt.Tel. B6307.

FEDERATIONTHEBULWARKOF DEFENCE, A

BishopGibneywastheBishop-electreferredto,andtheCardinalwascoming toPerthtoconsecratehim.Thereferenda,ofcourse,referstotheFederationproposal.Thenewsitemillustratesthefar-sightednessoftheCardinalatatimewhenanyinvasionof Australiamusthavebeenaridiculous speculation:

Adelaide,March10.

CardinalMoran,whoisproceedingto WesternAustraliabytheR.M.S.OrsoyatoconsecratetheRomanCatholic Bishop-electofPerth,inthecourseof aninterviewto-day,saidthatthe RomanCatholicChurchwasprogressinginAustraliabyleapsandbounds. Theywelcomedimmigrantsfromany partoftheworld.Hedidnotthink thatsectarianismwasgrowinginAustralia,butaspiritofjusticeseemedto bespreadingmorewidelyeveryday. "Justiceisallthatweaskfor,"hesaid; "wedonotaskforpatronageorany privilage,"Hethoughtthatpolitics weregoingonfamously."Wearewishingthereferendasuccess,andweshall seektomakeitsuccessful.Thegreat thingistostrengthenourcentralGovernment.Wemustputinitshands greatpowers,andparticularlythat powertorepeleveryfoeandtoprepare alltheequipmentofpeace,sothatif anenemyassailsus,nomatterunder whatflag,weshallfindAustraliawell armedtodefendourshores."

andMrs.RobertHarmonCamp.whoweremarriedonMay16.atSt. Brigid's,WestPerth,byRev.FatherKelliher.ThebrideistheformerMiss EdnaSwarbrick.

THERECORD

PERTH,HLRSDAJLI.1-2,1942.

Menaceof .

STATECONTROL

ThattheHolyFatherleanstowardstheTotalitarianStates istheabsurdinnuendorecentlymadeandrepeatedagainstthe Vaticaninthedailypress.AnyonewhohastheslightestacquaintancewithPapalpronouncementsonthesocialquestion,xvith thepastorallettersoftheBishopsofGermany,Belgiumand Spain,knowthisimmediatelyforamaliciouslie.Tosaythatthe CatholicPressover-ridesthedirectionsofitsspiritualsuperiorsis evenmoreridiculous,particularlyinregardtothosepublications Nvhicharetheofficialorgansofdioceses.Sofarasthenegative sideofCatholicsociologicalthoughtisconcerned,noeffectof modernsocialchaoshasbeenmoreroundlycondemnedthanthe growthoftheAlmightyState.ThisinevitableresultofMarxian theoryisoneofthechiefCatholicobjectionstoCommunism.It islikewisethecentraldifficultywhichfacesCatholicsinthe LabourMovement.Thedrastic"socialisation"platformspells innouncertaintermsthecoiningoftheTotalitarianStatewhich willmeanthatourpresentcorruptdemocracywillbereplaced byatyrannicalserfdomunderbureaucracy.Thisisespecially thedangeragainstwhich'ForFreedom"thisyearwarnedthe Australianpeople.

* OppositiontotheencroachmentsoftheStatearisebothfrom thenaturallaw,andfromtheChristianconceptofthenature anddignityofman.ThemodernStatetendsmoreandmoreto ignorethefactthatmenasindividualshaveintrinsicworth,and certainirrefragablerightswhichcannotbeabrogatedorarrogated bytheState.ItmayquitebluntlybesaidthatthemodernState isanintolerablebusybody,inertferingunwarrantablyinathousandthingsinwhichithasnoconceivablebusinesstomeddle,and neglectingamultitudeofaffairsinwhichitshouldveryproperly beengaged.Stateinterferenceineducation,inkeepingitonthe basisofbeingfree,secularandcompulsory,meddlingaboutwith marriage.andcondoningamerelycivilcontractbetweenChristianparties;tinkeringwithvalidmarriages,andpanderingto pagansoftnesswithabsurdandimmoraldivorcelaws;theimpertinenceofthecensusquestionnaires-thesewerebutafew indicationsofanalarmingtendencyinpeacetime.Thenecessities ofwarhavegreatlyacceleratedthetrend.InRussia,theState attemptstosupplyforthefamilyandforthepersonalownership ofproperty;inGermany,ithasinterferedwiththeprocreative rightsofindividualsbysterilisation.andbyasystemofobligatory medicalcertificatesformarriage,withtherightofreligiousfreedomandwithgeneralpoliticalliberties.Thereis,atthishistoricalmoment,aratherdesperateneedforsomeclearthinking andsomestraighttalkingabouttherespective*rightsofthe Stateandtheindividual.TheStatehasnosupremecontrolover thelivesofitssubjects.TheStatederivesitscivilauthorityindirectlyfromGod,throughthewillofthepeople.Hence,insofar asStateenactmentsharmonisewiththenaturalandrevealed law,theyarejust,andhaveabindingmoralclaimontheobedienceofcitizens.Buttheindividualalsohasrightswhicharenot derivedfromtheState.butwhichariseoutofhisnatureasa personpossessingintrinsicworth.Inpointbothoftimeand authority,theserights,whicharenecessaryforthewell-beingof theindividual,arepriortothoseoftheState.SincetheState didnotconferthem,itcannotlawfullytakethemawaynorseriouslyimpedetheirexercise.ButthemodernState.propped upasitisbythedecayingprinciplesofLiberalism,istending moretowardsentimentalityandlesstowardsphilosophy.And sentimentality.whichisakindoffalseandflabbylove,changes rapidlyundersevereinternalorexternalstrain,toakindof highlystrungtyranny,whichisknownundertheeuphemismof "strictinternalcontrol."Butnoshufflingsystemofnomenclaturecanconcealthefactthatouralreadydiminishedlibertyisin dangerofdisappearingcompletely.Forwehavenotdestroyed tyrannywehavemerelychangeditsname.

* * * *

Theimmediateproblemofbalancingtherespectiverights anddutiesoftheStateandtheindividualliesinthefactthatthe restoritionofhumanlibertythroughthedistributionofpropertywouldseemtopostulateapreliminary,transitionalmeasure ofsocialism.Thisistheenigma;wemusttemporariystrengthen thealreadystrongarmoftheStateinorderthatwemayfinally breakit.Socialismasapermanentfutureregime,isrepugnant tothewholeCatholicsocialconcept,yetitwouldseem,atthe moment,theonlywayofremedyingtheundisciplinedfreedom whichindustryhasenjoyedinthepast.andwhichitconfidently aspirestointhefuture.Areadjustmenttosomedegreeofthe 'balanceofpowermightbeachievedifthecentralgovernment lidnotexhibitsuchdesirefortotalpower.Thegeneralprinciple isthattheStateshouldminditsownbusiness.TherearenumerousconcernsinWhichitatpresentmeddles,butinwhichithas actuallyno,orverylittle,rightfuljurisdiction,whileinitsow'n propersphere.itoftenseemsincapableofefficientmanagement. Catholics,sofarfromsupportingtheTotalitarianState.will fighttothelastditchtopreventitsusurpationoftherightsand libertiesof.theindividual,thefain*.andthesmallerunits.both ofproductionandgovernment.Therewillneverbeatimewhen CatholicswillyieldtoCaesarthethingsthatarehumanity's,and stillless,thethingsthatareGod's.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

--

July16-FeastofOurLadyofMount Carmel:CarmeliteMonastery,Nedlands.

7a.m.:CelebrateMass.

3.30p.m.:PresideatoccasionalsermonandgivePontificalBenedic. tion.

July18-7.30a.m.:OfficiateatCeremonyofProfessionatSacredHeart Convent,HighgateHill.

July28:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Joseph'sChurch, Norseman.

HisGracetheArchbishopannounces thefollowingappointments:-Rev.C. Casey,assistantatNortham,tobeassistantatCollie.Rev.M.Diviney,assistantatCollie,tobeassistantat Northam.

AciM,_,utiLtosAnnosaz/

HisGrace,theArchbishop,MostRev.RedmondPrendiville, D.D.,B.A.,willcelebratetheninthanniversaryofhisappointment bytheHolySeeasCo-adjutorArchbishopofPerth,withrightof succession,onSaturday,July11-FeastoftheIrishMartyr Bishop,BlessedOliverPlunkett.

"TheRecord"extendsitscongratulationstoHisGrace,with thehopethathewillbesparedyetmanyyearsoffruitfulapostolate..HisGrace'soccupancyoftheSeehasbeennotableforremarkablegrowthinthespiritualandtemporalprogressofthe Archdiocese..Althoughwarconditionshavenecessarilycurtailed manyprojectsofexpansiondevoutCatholicsrealisethatthese sameconditionsimposeanxietiesofadifferentandmorepressing nature.

Whilstprayinginthesestressfuldaysfortheintentionsofthe HolyFatherweshouldbemindfulofthepastoralcaresandresponsibilitieswhichweighsoheavilyupontheshouldersofthe Hierarchy.

ExpressingtoHisGracetheloyaltyanddevotionofthe clergyandlaityoftheArchdiocese,wewishhimacontinuanceof God'sblessingsinthefutureashavebeensoabundantlyshowered onhimselfandhisworkinthepast.

LIBRARYLECTURES.

*1Z

Thefollowingbroadcastshavebeen arrange.1throughmaLion6WN:-

July5-ilam.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

August2-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral

August16-4p.m.:St.Patrick's,Fremantle.

September6-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

September20-4p.m.:St.Bhigid's, WestPerth.

October4-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

October18-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral(MissionSunday).

"MONS"SUNDAY-AUGUST23.

TheOldContemptibles'Association advisesthat,atitslastmeeting,it wasunanimouslyresolvedtoforego anyparadethisyearinthecommemorationof"Mons"Sundayon August23.Instead,allmembersof theassociationhavebeenrequestedto attendattheirownchurches.

LecturerforNEXTTHURSDAY, JULY9,willbeREV.FR..P. C SMITH,whowilldiscusstheeconomic, politicalandculturalconsiderationsof present-dayChinaandtheirprobable post-wartrends.Fr.Smithwillpoint outwhatinterestsChinaandAu.stre.tia arelikelytoholdincommonaftertne warandwhatwecandotopro,note amitywithourgreatneikh'r,tirs. Thislecturerhasgreatqualifications forhissubject.Forsomeconsiderable timehelivedinChinaandhasmaintainedhisspecialinterestinthiscountryeversince.

LastThursday,June25,Lt.Batten, R.A.N.,wasthelecturerandhisdiscourseonEnglishCatholicism,especiallyabouttheeffectuponthenational characterofthesolidCatholicismofthe EnglishafterAugustineandinthe MiddleAges,wasexcellentlydone.

DOYOUKNOW?

WhatdoyouknowabouttheNo. 109aCharitiesConsultation?Isit yourluckysweepornot?Theway tofindoutistohaveaticketinit. Thefirstprizeis£1,0000.

nazismakegeneralo0ensiveagainstVorality, eceneyandtheChristiantraditiort.

S-YSTF-i\Ai\TIC

qModernAttacksonMarriage HaveRootsinGermanHistory

PERVERSIONorYOUTI

ByJ.0.Reichenheim,formerlycorrespondentinRomeandLondonof theSwiss"NeueZurcherZeitung.i

ThenewNaziPartyChancellor,MartinBormann,who,representingthe extremistelementintheS.S.,hasbeen givengreaterpowerthanRudolfHess everhad,hasproclaimedtheirreconcilablecharacteroftheconflictbetweenthePartyandtheGerman Churches,CatholicorProtestant.11.;w completelythePartyhasallGermans initsgrip,howimpossibleitisfor anyGermantoescapeinanyaspect ofhislifefromthepressureofits radicalpaganism,waswellexpressed theotherdayinanarticlebyDr.Ley inthe"Angriff.""ThePartystretches itstentaclesoverGaue,Kreise,local Groups,CellsandBlocks,toeverycitizen.Andthemultiplicityofformationsandassociations enablesthe Partytoreachevery-yes,literally every-citizen.Noneescapesus,and nonecanescapetheirresistibleinfluenceoftheParty."

ThereisnodoubtthatHimmler dayafterHitlerthemostpowerf maninGermanyhasstartedinrecent monthsageneraloffensiveonmorality.decencyandtheChristiantraditioninGermany.Foryearshispaper, Korps,"hasbeendemandingthatintheNationalSocialist Statethe"old-fashioned"formofmatrimonyandsexmoralitymustcease. ThegreatestaimoftheGermanpeople, sosaysthe"SchwarzeKorps,"should betoproduceasmanychildrenofpure Germanbloodaspossible.Onlyin thiswaywillitbepossibletosecure theconquered"Lebensraum"forthe "Herrenvolk,"andtocoloniseit.This taskisnowespeciallyurgentowing totheheavylossessufferedonthe EasternFront.

This,however,isonlyonesideof theNaziproblem.Himmleris:esponsibletoHitlerforseeingthatany attemptatcivilwariscrushedinits verybeginning.Hehastoprevent anycollapseofthehomefront.The NazileadersknowthatthisaimcannotbeensuredexclusivelybyGestapo terror.Therefore,Himmlerisnotonly "ReichsfuhreroftheS.S."andchief oftheGestapo,but"Reichskommissar zurFestigungdesdeutschenVolkstums"-commissionerfortheconsolidationoftheGermanrace.Thisoffice involveslong-termmeasuresforsecuringtheNaziregime,which,inHitler's words,willlastathousandyears.By thesemeasureseveryGerman,hischildrenandgrandchildren,aretobe educatedastrueNazis.Everything whichremindsthepeopleof"outof date"moralityhastobeeliminated. itmustbereplacedentirelyby the"nationalsozialistischeWeltanschauung." Raciallaws,pogroms, thepersecutionofreligionandchurch, educationintheHitlerYouth,andthe "BunddeutscherMadchen,"werepreparatorysteps;nowthesystematicdenialofChristianmoralityistobethe culminationofthisdoctrine. ForthisreasonHimmlerhaslately publishedtwonewdecrees.OnereferstotheS.S.ThecontrolofmarriagefortheS.S.hasbeentightened. Infuture,itwillnotbesufficientfor theintendingS.S.bridegroomtoprovidetheS.S.authoritieswiththe genealogicaltreesofhisbridetoprove herpureAryandescent.Thenew decreeinsistsontheexaminationof thefuturewivesbyS.S.doctorsbefore grantingamarriagepermit.Only "thoroughbredspecies"areallowedto marrymembersoftheBlackGuards. IfanS.S.manmarrieswithoutthis medicalcertificatehewillbeexpelled fromtheBlackGuardsandtheParty. IntheGermanyofto-daythatisa kindofcivildeath.Themeaningof thisdecreeistocreatean"elite" basedonphysicalandracialselection.

Thispassageoccurredrecentlyin a"MessagefromHimmlertotheS.S. andtheGermanwomanhood:"A younggirlwhoshirksherhighestduty isatraitressandlikeasoldierwho abandonstheflag.Forpureblooded Germangirlsthereisawardutybeyondmarriage-tobecomemothersoy soldiersgoingtothefront.S.S.men: Notonlyshowthatyouareprepared todieforyourcountry,butgiveita newlifebeforeyougotoyourdeath."

Thismessagegivestheessenceofthe seconddecree.Letterstotheeditor andeditorialcommentsinthe "SchwarzeKorps"provethattheappealisnotonlydirectedtotheunmarried."Theresponsibilityandthe dutyoftheGermanpeopleto-dayis soimmense"-accordingtothe "SchwarzeKorps"-"thatallthe scruplesofyesterdaymustbeswept away.Inthebeginningandinthe endstandstheGermanrace."

Theresultofthispolicyisalready apparent.Alreadyadvertisements, suchasthefollowing,begintoappear inGermanpapers:"Iamasoldier, aged22,largelybuilt,blond,blueeyed. BeforegivingmylifefortheFureher andfatherlandIwishtomeetaGermanwomantowhomIcanleavean heirtomyGermanhonour."("SuddeutscheSonntagspost").Orinthe samepaper:"AGermangirlwishesto becomethemotherofachildwhose fatherisaGermansoldierandafighterforNationalSocialism."Public HealthInsuranceincollaborationwith theParty'swomenorganisationhas establishedmaternityhomeswhere womencanbetreatedintheutmost secrecy,thefamilysimplybeingtold thatsomeslighttreatmentwasnecessary.Thechildrenarebroughtup andeducatedbytheParty.They are,whateversex,"futuresoldiersof theFuehrer."Hitler'sandHimmler'stask,thedestructionoffamilylife andofChristianity,hastakenabig stepforwardduringthelastmonths.

Thissystemofmoraldissolution, however,isnotaNaziinvention.Like manyotherNazidoctrinesthisone alsohasitsrootsinhistory.Sexual discretionintheinterestoftheunrestrictedpropagationoftheGermanic raceisapostulatealreadyformulated bycertain"deutsch-volkischeKreise" inthesecondhalfofthelastcentury. Itissignificantthatthesethoughts werealwaysunitedwithanti-semitismandananti-Christianattitude.It must,however,bestressedthatthen onlysmallgroupsofindividualsand notthewholepeoplewereconcerned.

Atypicalrepresentativeofsexual immoralityisthewriterJuliusLangbehn,whoseanonymousbook"RembrandtalsErzieher"waswidelydiscussedinthenineteenthcentury.In thisbookandinthe-pornographic"FortySongsofaGerman"wefindalreadytheunbridledsexuality.Nietzsche'ssisterandherhusbandDr.BernardFoersterbelongedtothesame group.Theyfoundedthecolony, "NeuGermanien,"inParaguay,where theywantedtoputtheseprinciples intonractice.Theexperimentproved afailureandthecolonywentbankrupt.Wefindthesexual-patriotic motivealsointhepaintingsofaman calledFidus,whoseeroticpictures fiftyyearsagodecoratedthedrawingroomsofGermanschoolteachersand lowercivilservants.InthesepictureshewantedtoglorifytheprimitivebeautyoftheoldTeutonsstill untouchedbyChristianmoralsand "degenerate"civilisation.

Themostimportant,however,for thewholedevelopmentwaswithout anydoubtRichardWagner.His

"RingdesNibelungen,"thebackbone ofhiswholework,standsfromthebeginningtotheendasachallengeto Christianethics.Thefirstactofthe "Valkyrie"startswithanactofincest towhichSiegfriedoweshisbirth.The otherpartsofthe"Ring"tellthestory ofSiegfried'srapeofBrunhildeand thelicentiousnessoftheGermanic gods.Hisopera,"TristanandIsolde," isfilledwithunveilederoticism.In "Parsifal,"Wagnerendeavourstocom-inetheChristianconceptionofsal. vationwiththelasciviouslivesledby AmfortasandKundry.Wagner'spopularityintheThirdReichisnotonly duetohismusic.

Lateronwefindsimilarthoughtsin the"Jugend-Bewegung,"especiallyin somegroupsofthe"Wandervogel."

Thebasicideaofalltheseteachings is:bloodisstrongerthanspirit.It wasonlynecessaryforHitlerand Himmlertorefurbishthissentence andtopresentittothebroadpublic atastilllowerlevel.Forthispurposetheyhadwillingassistance.The Reichs-Youth-Leader,Baldurvon Schirach,asacoveragainstthesuspicionsofperversioninthemovement, fosteredtheotherextremeintheHitlerYouthorganisation.TheReichsMedical-Leaders,ContiandWagner, triedtotransfertheirbiologicalresearchesfromrabbitstotheGerman people.Inpre-NazidaysStreicher,the Jewbaiter,wastwicesentencedbecauseofsexualcrimes.EvenGoebbelsenthusiasticallyintroducedthe orderedimmoralityintohisproperdepartments,especiallythefilmindustry. Thepoisonwasquicklyspread throughthesechannels. "High Schools"wereestablished,where HimmlerandFrauScholz-Klink,the Reichswomen'sleader,experimented onspeciallyselectedyoungpeople. Thesearethe"S.S.Ordensburgen"and theReichs-women-Schoolsof"Faith andBeauty."The"Ordensjunker" andthefutureWomenLeaderslivein luxuryandwithoutanymaterialcares. Theyareeducatedas"Herren"and "GrandDame"oftheNational-Socialistsociety.Theyhavetobeaccustomedtoalltherefinementsofcivilisation."BabylontheGreat,theMother ofthefornicationsandtheabominationsoftheearth"(Apocalypsexvii.. 5)istheevilgoddessoftheseplaces. HeretheyoungNazisdrinkdeeply fromthe"cupofabominationsand filthiness"whichhasbeenofferedto themfilleduptothebrim.Onleav: ingtheschoolsthe"students"regard themselvesexclusivelyas"bodilycells oftheNational-SocialistState,"and its"bloodcarriers."

JULIUSSTREICHER, Twicesentencedinpre-Nozisdays. Notallofthem,butagreatpart,askedforsexualliberty,andthepurificationoftheGermanrace.Beforethe lastwarthisthemewasoncemorerevivedbythenovelistGustavFrenssen, whoto-day,ninetyyearsold,isveneratedasaprophet.Theheroofhis novel"Hilligenlei"11905),isaLutheranminister,wholeavesthechurch andpreaches"arteigenesChristentum" fortheNordicspecies.Thequintessenceofhisteachingsisthe"HolinessofLust."

Thousandsofthesehumananimals areto-daytheleadersofthenation. Theyeducatethecominggeneration andrulethemasses.Theytakecare thattheirinferiorsreceiveandfulfil theordersofHimmlerintheright spirit.Theyknowwhateverygangsterknows,thatcommoncrimesand commonabandonmentofmoralsbinds themtogetheras"brothersinsin."

Thesenewethicslinkupdirectly withthedoctrineofthe"Herrenvolk" andthe"Master-Race,"thedoctrine ofworld-wide"Lebensraum,"andto thedoctrinethatinhumancruelty againstnon-Germanpeoplesisjustified. -"TheTablet,"February28.

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Weddings,includingsinglecolumnphotoblocks,withreport,10/6; doubdecolumnphoto.blocks,withreport,£1ls.;threecolumnphoto blocks,withreport,£110s.(Reportsmustbesignedbyparishpriest.)

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on"Scienceand theModernWorld."Thesemeetings areopentothepublic,andwewould especiallyliketoseealargeroll-upof graduates.Theroomwillholdseveral hundredpeople,andnoonewillbe turnedaway. Theannualdinneranddancewas heldonSaturday,June20,andwasa success,Thedampenedfeelingsofall whoattendedweresoonwarmedby thehotmusicplayedbytheorchestra. Let'shopenextyear'seventwillbean evengreatersuccess. Membersandfriendswillbepleased tohearthatourpresident(JohnCullityIisnowintheR.A.A.F.undergoing hisinitialtraining.Iamsureeveryone willjoinwithusinwishinghimmany happylandings.

MEETINGS.-Owingtoheillnessof ourPresident(Mrs.Maxwell,theexecutivemeeting,alsothegeneralmeeting,willnotbeheldonMondaynext, July6.Thedateofmeetingswillbe advertisedlater.

CANTEENWORK.-Thefollowing arethedaysonwhichmemberswillbe requiredforcanteenwork:-Wednesday,July8,atPhyllisDeanHall;Saturday,July11,attheBarrack-street Hall.Buffet; Saturday,July8,attheTown

CATHEDRALBRANCH

Theusualmonthlymeetingwillbe heldintheChurchOfficeonMonday, July6,at8p.m

Prayersofmembersarerequested forthereposeofthesoulofourlate member,MissJuliaDeasey. Theusualcardafternoonwillbeheld atNestle'sHouseonSaturday,July18, at2.15p.m.

CLONTARFBOYS'TOWN

Parentsandothersinterestedingettingboyswhoareunder14yearsinto ClontarfBoys'Townshouldapplyfor particularstothePrincipalofClontarf evacuatedtoTardun-telephoneTardun2;ortoCastledareJuniorOrphan. age,Queen'sPark-telephoneMV180. Boyswhoareover14years,and whoseparentsorguardiansaredesirousthattheyshouldlearntrades, shouldapplytothePrincipal,St.Joseph'sFarmandTradesSchool,Bindoon.Telephonecommunicationis beingestablishedwiththisInstitution andshouldbefunctioningbeforethe endofJune.

OLDROSARIES

Wehavebeenaskedtoappealfor oldorbrokenRosaries,forwhichthe ownershavenofurtheruse.Owing tothelackofsuppliesofreligiousobiects,themenintheForcesareoften obligedtogowithoutRosaries,Missals,etc.TheSistersoftheCarmeliteMonastery,Nedlands,haveoffered tomendoldorbrokenRosaries,which willbethendistributedtothetroops. Rosariesandotherpiousobjects maybeleftc/oCatholicWelfareOrganisation, ChurchOffice, VictoriaSquare,Perth.

Putanendingtoneedlessspending. EloNationalSavingsBondsistheplace foryourmoney.

ST.JOACHIM'SBRANCH,H,A.C.B.S.

AtthemeetingheldonJune22the president(Bro.P.Reidy)presidedover agoodattendance.Sixnewmembers wereinitiatedbythepresident,who, sincecommencinghisspringoffensive, hasbroughtin20newmembers.We extendhimourheartycongratulations. Helookslikebreakingallprevious records. Weextendourverybestwishesto SrDotCarrollandBro.PatPrieston theirengagement. Bro.T,P.MurphyhasreceivedaletterfromBro.G.Keogh,whoisstill abroad.Hesendshisbestwishestoall members.

ThenextmeetingisonJuly6.

TelephoneB4757.

MARTINP.RYAN

Optometristand Optician

SonofLateM.P.Ryan,lateof Fremantle.

ORIENTLINEBUILDINGS, WILLIAMSTREET,PERTH

AquinasCollegeSporting Results

AquinasCollegehashadafinerunof successesthisyearininter-collegiate sports.Attheinterschoolswimming carnival,heldinMarch,Aquinasscored itsfifthsuccessivevictory.Thecollege eightwasheadoftheriver,andthe foursecondtoHaleinthepublic schools'regatta.IntheDarlotCup matchesthecollegeelevennoblymaintainedthetraditionsofpreviousyears. Resultsinthefirstroundwere:-

Aquinas(onefor254)drewwith Guildford(fivefor20).

Aquinas(allout183)defeatedScotch (allout168).

Aquinas (twofor106)drewwith Hale(sixfor249).

Attheconclusionofthefirstround Aquinaswasleadinginthecompetition.

Thesecondroundisplayedinthe thirdterm.

Thecollege18,too,givespromiseof beingamostsuccessfulcombination.

OnJune6thefirst18journeyedtoPinjarrah,toplayGuildfordGrammar School.Theweatherwasunfavourable, but,afterakeentussle,Aquinaswon byfourpoints.Finalscores:Aquinas, 8.9;GuildfordGrammar,8.5.

OnJune10,onthecollegeoval,the first18defeatedanAirForce18.Final scores:Aquinas,12.10;AirForce,8.15.

OnJune14,atAquinas,thefirstsdefeatedEastFremantle.Finalscores: Aquinas,14.10;EastFremantle,7.6.

OnWednesavlast,atSubiacoOval, underidealconditions,afeastoffootballwasprovidedforanenthusiastic groupofsupportersfromAquinasand HaleSchool.Inthesecondsaftera hardmatch,Hale(6.6)defeatedAquinas(4.5).Thefirstscontestedoneof themostmemorablematchesseenin recentyearsinAlcockCupfixtures, Bothteamsplayedrugged,butclean, football,andbothgaveanexhibitionof grimdetermination,whichspeakswell fortheirschoolspirit.Athalf-time Haleledbyonepoint,andexcitement ranhighattheprospectofaclose finish.ThethirdquarterendedHale15 pointsinfront.Inthefourthquarter Aquinasmadeadeterminedeffort,and sixminutesbeforetheend,hadrunup aleadofsixpoints.Haleralliedbravely,and,inanamazingburst,added threegoals,togivethematwo-goaladvantagewithinthreeminutesofthe hell.Then,byoneofthosepeculiar swingsofthependulum,Aquinastook charge.Inthefaceofwhatlooked likecertaindefeat,theysweptforward, andafinemarkandatruebootby full--forwardHinkley,putthemwithin agoaloftheirrivals.Onthebounce theywereontheoffensiveagain,and aFrilliantseriesofmovesenabledPalBaths,Enamel,£715s.;Cement,45s.

lassietomark30yardsout.Beforehe couldtakehiskick,thebellrang.His kickalonecouldstaveoffdefeat,but theyoungAquinian,withtheself-possessionofaveteran,calmlytookhis time.Hislongtorpedopuntsailedtrue, andamatchwhich,formanylong years,willremainavividmemoryto playersandspectatorsalike,ended mostfittinglyinadraw.Thefinal scoreswere:Aquinas,13.13;Hale,11.25.

Aquinas'thirdsandfourthsareundefeatedsofar.

OnJune13,ontheScotchCollege Oval,Aquinasthirds,1928,defeated Scotch,2points.Aquinasfourth,5.10, defeatedScotch,3.17.

OnJune20,atAquinas,Aquinas thirds,2.9,defeatedHale,2.2;Aquinas fourths,9.8,defeatedHale,2.1.

MESAINTWHOFINDSTHINGS

EverybodyknowsSt.Anthony whosefeasttheChurchcelebrateson June13. St.AnthonyofPaduais hisfulltitre,though,tobesure,his baptismalnamewasnotreallyAnthony,nor,indeed,didhecomefrom Padua.MostpeopleknowSt.Anthonyforaverypracticalreason:he isthesaintwhofindsthings.NeverEndingarethenarrativesofSt.Anthony'ssuccessasanindagator.Ali thesethingsyoumayreadinanadmirablelittle"Life"ofSt.Anthonyby Fr.MariusMcAuliffe,O.F.M. You canlearnwhataremarkablepreacher St.Anthonywas;howthechurches weretoosmallforthecrowds;howSt. Anthonyhadtosetupaplatformin thestreetsandinthepaddocks.People usedtogatherroundtheplatform thenightbeforetobesureofaplace. Youcouldseethemmakingtheirway atnightcarryinglanternstoguide themselves. Truly.St.Anthonyis oneofthemostlovedsaints.Itis remarkablehowmuchFr.Mariushas packedintohislittlepamphlet,which ought,byalltherules,beabestselleramongpamphlets.

Whydomanypeople.finditdifficult topray? Because,frequently,they donotunderstandwhatprayer.is Yetweareallobligedtopray.Furthermore,thereisnoonewhocannotlearnsomethingmoreaboutthe methodofprayer.Therefore,"Talks OnPrayer,"aseriesbroadcastthrough the"CatholicHour,"Melbourne,makes apracticalandacceptablepamphlet.

Thewriterdealslucidlyandsimplywith WhatisPrayer?TheFourEndsof Prayer,WaysofPrayerandItsQualities,ThePrayerofChrist,Liturgical Prayer,and.finally,Sanctityand MentalPrayer.Suchabookletisindispensableinanycourseofspiritual reading.

TheWorld'sFavourite,St.AnthonyofPadua ByRev.MariusMcAuliffe,O.F.M. TalksOnPrayer. AustralianCatholicTruthSocietypomphle'i -rMay

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RecordyourSickorPostalVotenow.

VOTEBRADY,

GRATITUDEOFU.S.CATHOLICSAILORS

DearEditor,-

Itisonlyfittingandrightthatwe (theCatholicsoftheU.S.Navy) shouldthankyousincerely,andwith Christianfaith,fortheunendingcooperationthatyouhavegivenusduringtheshorttimethatwehavebeen here Irefertothelistyoupublishedin askingforvolunteerstobilletmenof thearmedforces.Somehow,tome, suchanappealismoreformenofthe navalforcesthananyoneelse. Believeme,wedeeplyappreciatesuch kindness. Allthegoodpeoplewho

T.VIVIAN, 143Rokeby-road,Subiaco.W1539 FORSEWERAGECONNECTIONS, W1639.

BadWaterPressure,BrokenPedes talPans,BlockedSewerDrains,Cis ternandRoofRepairs,T.V.Headlight lished;andhewithdrewfromanyoffiMaskstoApprovedDesigns

haveofferedtheirservices,canbeassuredofbeingrememberedmour prayers. HisGracetheArchbishoprendered usanhonourfewareprivilegedto partakeof,thatofsayingMassforus. Thathonourcanbeattributedtoan unsunghero,whoisanofficerinArmy oftheChurch.IrefertotheRev. FatherBreslin, ofSt.Patrick's Church. Eversincehisappearance onthesceneofguidingtheArmyand NavalforcesinandaroundSt.Patrick's,hehasworkeduntiringlytowardsthegoalofhavingaplacesuitableineveryrespectforthemenof thearmedforcestofindrecreationin. SpeakingfortheNavy,letmesay"we havefounditfillsallrequirements, andthankhimsincerely."

Iwouldappreciateyourprintingthis letter,inthehopethatitwill,ina smallway,showourappreciation. Thankingyouinadvance.-Yours,etc., PHILIP

6,1941.

MostsacredheartofJesus, Havemercyonhissoul.

OTTAWAY.-Inlovingmemoryofmy onlysonandbrother,Pte.Leslie Francis,2/16th,killedinactionin Syria,July6,1941.

-Insertedbyhislovingmother,sisterandbrother-in-law,nephewsDonaldandNeil.

MostsacredheartofJesus, Havemercyonhissoul.

011ENRY.-Ofcharityprayforthe soulsofWilliamJosephandAnnie CeceliaO'Henrywhopassedawayon July9,1941,andJuly2,1940. Eternalrestgrantuntothem,0Lord.

O'LOUGHLIN.-Infondmemoryof CecilEdwardLieut.2/16thBtn.), killedinactionatDamour,Syria,on July6,1941(previouslyreported 10th)alsoLeonardPatrick,died March,1930,belovedsonsofMr.and Mrs.T.S.O'Loughlin,65Dundas road,Inglewood;brothersofFrank (Banbury),Steve(A.I.F.),Con (A.I.F.),John(A,I.F.),andDorothy, andbrother-in-lawofNorahand Dorothy.

PARKINSON.-Ofyourcharitypray forthereposeofthesoulofEllena Parkinson,whodiedonJuly4,1941, DarlinggrandmaofJamesJohnand EllenaHynes. 0sacredheartofJesus, Havemercyonhersoul. -Insertedbyherlovinghusband, daughter,son-in-lawandsister,Mrs. Gallagher.

ROGERS.-Inlovingmemoryofmy dearhusband,MarkRogers,whodied July5,1939. R.I.P.

-Insertedbyhislovingwife.

RYAN.-Lovingmemoriesofourdear husbandandfather,Leo,whopased awayonJuly2,1941. Eternalrestgrantuntohim,0Lord. Insertedbyhislovingwifeand family.

WADE.-Inlovingmemoryofmy dearwifeandourdearmother,who passedawayonJuly1,1941. -Everrememberedbyherlovinghusbandandfamily. SacredheartofJesus, Havemercyonhersoul.

WALL.-Inlovingmemoryofmydear husbandandourlovedfather, ThomasA.L.Wall,whopased awayonJuly3,1940. Requieseatin

THE Bushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Wehavetwolovelyfeastdaysthisweek,thatofthePreciousBlood,andtheVisitation.Letus considerthefirstone,thatofthePreciousBlood,Doyouknots,thedevotiontothePreciousBloodofJesusisa wonderfulthing,andmanyfavoursere grantedthroughit.Thisisnobnatural, isn'tit,whenwestoptothink?Our Lorddiedforus,andshedHisBlood thatwemightlive,soHewillsurely grantourrequestswhenwemakethem inthenameofHisMostPrecious Blood.ThefeastoftheVisitationis veryimportantalso,forwecommunicatethedaywhenOurLadyvisited hercousinElizabeth,andtoldherthat

TheSacredHeart,whichshedIts PrecicusBloodforus shewastobethemotherofthe Saviour,andprophesiedherfuture greatness.AllofOurLady'sFeast Daysarelovely,becausetheyrepresentsomethingthatisbeautifulinthe lifeofMary.Ihopethatyouareall veryfaithfulinyourdevotiontoOur Lady,andthatyoudonotforgettosay yourthreeHailMary'severydayto her.HerinfluenceinHeavenis nothingshortofmarvellous,andshe canobtainmanyfavoursforuswhen allelsefails.Soremembertokeepup yourdevotiontoher,andshewill neverfailyou. AUNTBESSY.

* * *

DearAuntBessy,-SometimeagoI promisedSt.Anthonyaweegiftin thanksgivingforsomethinghefound forme,and,nowthatIhaveneglected himbadly,Ihavesentalittlemore, andIknowthathewillunderstand. PleasegiveittotheBushies'Corner. BUSIIIES'FRIEND,

DearBushies' agreat admirerofSt.Anthonymyself,andI knowthatheisaveryunderstanding Saint,andIamsurethathewillapproveofyourdonationtotheBushies' Scheme. AUNTBESSY.

*

DearAuntBessv,-justafewlines trustingyouarewell.Don'tgeta

STOVES,WoodorGas,newand used,sold,bought,repaired.W.A. StoveCoy.,659WellingtonStreet. 136307.

shockwhenyoureadthesefewlines fromme.Willyousendmefourpinkies,andIwilldomybest.Ihavea lotofstampswhichIamputtinginto theRecordOffice.Isentalotlastyear, butdidnotseewhetheryougotthem ornot.IstillsaymythreeHail Mary'stotheLittleFlowerforthe Bushies'Scheme,andallmycousins. Isn'tthewarbad?OnceagainIwish youandtheCornereverysuccess.

Yourlovingniece, BUSHIEBESSY.

DearBushieBessy,-Ididgeta shockwhenIopenedyourletter,butit wasaverypleasantone,andIwasglad tohearfromyouagain.Keepupyour prayersfortheBushies'Scheme,forI willcertainlyneedthemifIwantto reachthehundred-poundmark,Iwill sendyoufourpinkiesatonce.Bushie Bessy.

AUNTBESSY

* * *

DearAuntBessy,-Iamenclosing postalnotefortenshillingsasasmall contributionfortheBusbies'Fund. Isincerelyhopethatyouwillgetthe desired£100beforetheendoftheyear. Godblessyouandyourgrandwork M.T.B.

DearM.T.B.,-Thankyouindeedfor yourgenerosity,andyourgoodwishes, becauseIamsurethatIwillneed everyoneofthem,ifIamtoreachthe hundredpoundsthisyear.Still,Iam anincurableoptimist,andIthinkthat everythingwillturnoutallright. AUNTBESSY.

*

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindenclosedanothersmalldonationoftwo andsixpencefortheBushies'Scheme. Ihopethatyouwillreachthehundredpoundsagainthisyear.

SOMEONE.

DearSomeone,-Your"smalldonations."asyoucallthem,areveryhelpful,andverywelcome,totheBushies' Scheme.Infact,IdonotknowwhatI woulddowithoutyouandyourgeneroushelp.Ihopethatthehundred poundswillsoonmaterialise,too. AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindenclosedpostalnoteforfiveshillings WillyoupleasehaveaMasssaidin honouroftheLittleFlowerforaspecialintention.-Yoursverysincerely, WORRIEDMOTHER.

DearWorriedMother,-IwillarrangetohaveanotherMastsaidfor you,andIearnestlyhopethattheLittleFlowerwillgrantyourrequest. Youmustnotloseconfi4en,7e.inher. butputallyourfaithandtrustinher, andIamsurethatshew;11seeyou through. AUNTBESSY.

* * * *

DearAuntBessy,-Ihonethatyou willacceptmeasoneofyournieces. ThisisthefirsttimeIhavewritten.I am2iyearsold.Ihavealargebagof stamps,andamsendingthemtoyou. andIhopethattheywillbeofsame usetoyou.WishingyourBusbies' Schemeeverysuccess. ANNRODAN.

DearAnn,-WelcometotheBushies' Corner,andIamsurethatyouar' verywelcome.Ireceivedthestamps andwasverypleasedtohavethem.I hopethatIwillhearfromyousoon AUNTBESSY.

I

IllI

*DidSt.LukePaintthePictureofOurladyofPerpetualSuccour?

Exquisiteportraitveneratedall overtheworldforcenturies

IrishExpertfindscredibilityinEvangelist'sclaim

ByL.GOGAN,M.A.,Keeper,ArtDivision,NationalMuseumDublin).

OnMay30,1453,followingthecaptureofConstantinoplebytheforcesof MahometII.,someofhisJanissaries enteredthemonasteryinwhichwas preservedtherichly-jewelledportrait oftheBlessedVirginandtheDivine Child,andbreakingitintofoursections carrieditoffwiththem.Itwas,perhaps,themostveneratedrelicinthe newRomebythePhosphorus,andits losswaslookedupon,perhapsnotunnaturally,asapunishmentforquarrels whichdividedthereligiouscommunity ofthatcityoversomanyyears.The deepregardinwhichitwasheldis perhapsbestillustratedbythesuperstitiousbeliefofcertainofthe Greeks,astheByzantineswerecalled, thattheHolySpirit,oreventhatof OurLadyherself,wasimmanenttherein.Thisparticularpicture,convenientlyidentifiedbythename"Hodegetria:fromitsprevioushome,asmall chapelcalledtheHodegon,wasreputedtohavebeenoriginallypaintedby St.LuketheEvangelist,fromthelife.

CopiesoftheFamousConstantinople Picture.

Longbeforethepicturewasdestroyedmanyconscientiouscopieshad beenmade.Thepictureitselfhad beenprobablyover-paintedseveral timesinthe1,400yearsofitssupposed existence;variousdetailshadcertainly beenadded,suchasthecrown,haloes, inscriptions,possiblythegolddetails andtheangels:thelastmentioned, whichbearthesymbolsofthePassion, were,accordingtoAnthonyofNovgorod(1200AD.),insertedbySt.LazarustheMonk,adistinguishedpainter oftheninthcentury.

Copiesmusthaveexistedalloverthe ByzantineEmpire,inSyria,Creteand Cyprus,aswellasintheAthosmonasteriesinGreece,whencetheyspread intoRussia,wheretheyfurnishedthe basisforthethousandsoficonsofthe Virginoflatertimes.Ontheother hand,theyspreadintoItaly,andthe pictureofOurLadyofPerpetualSuccourwhichweknowsowellisoneof these;copiesevenspreadtoIreland, whereacrudeversionfiguresinthe BookofKells.IntheBookofKells, thedateofwhichhasbeengreatlydisputed,angelsfigure,four,nottwoin number;theyhold,nottheinstrumentsofthePassion,butthreeflabella orritualfansandatintinabulumor branchofbells,asmarl:sofhonour.

InthislatterconnectionitisintereAtingtorefertowhatAnthonyhassaid aboutthedateoftheintroductionof theangelsintothepicture,asalready mentioned.Itisnotatallunlikely thattheoriginalobjectsheldbythe angelsinthepicturewereinfactsuch objectsasthose,representingasthey doaveryOrientalmotive,andnot theinstrumentsofthePassion.While theangelsmaybeabsentortheymay beemptyhanded,theseornaments existinnootherversion.

ThepictureofOurLadyofPerpetual Succour,preservedintheChurchofSt. AlphonsusinRome,isinthefullByzantinestyle,andfairlyadvancedat that.Thepainter,supposedtobe Andreas,istraditionallyknowntohave beenaCretan,issurnamedRico,and issupposedtobeidenticalwithAndreasRicio,painterofanotherVirgin preservedatParma.Muchdifficulty hasbeenfoundindatingthispicture ofOurLadyofPerpetualSuccour,the datemostusuallyassigned,seemsto suittheconditionsbest.Thepainter hasclearlyendeavouredtoretainthe mainfeaturesoftheearlyByzantine paintingwhileusinghismoremodern materialstogoodpurposeandembodyingasanintegralpart,thevariousdetailswhichhadbeensuperaddedtotheoriginal,includingtheornatecrown,probablyoriginallyar"al detail.ThehieraticcharacterofByzantineportrayalsofsacredpersonsis preservedandthewomanrepresented showsarefinedandaristocraticand,at thesametime,reservedandstillintensepersonality.Theinfantisalert andis,asistypicalfortheage,shown withsomewhatadultlineaments.The humanisticqualitieswhichfromthe 13th.centuryonwards,showthemselvesinItalianpainting,arewhollyabsent.TheVirginsoftheSienese Schoolexhibitthistransitionmore clearlythanany.

WastheOriginalPaintedbySt.Luke?

TheoriginalHodegetriais,ofcourse, lost,thoughperhapshiddenundersuccessiverepaintingsitmaystillexist somewhere,andeventuallybecome availableforscientificstudy.Wasit reallyatruelifestudybyLuke?It isverydoubtful.ThereisnoevidencethatheeverknewtheHolyFamilyorthatheevermetOurLord;he wasaGreek,wasborninAntioch,and hisprincipalassociationswerewithSt. Paul.Accordingtothetradition, whichcannotbedocumentedbefore 500A.D.,thepicturewasgivenbyhim withtheGospel,ofwhichhewasthe author,andtheActsoftheApostles, tohisfriendTheophilus;otherdetails arerecordedtoexplainitsarrivalat Constantinople.Whetherhecould havebeentheauthorofthisexquisitelyconceivedportraitisthereforea mootpoint.Thepresenceofthe Childisaspecialobstacletohisauthorship.PossiblysomeotherLukewas atsomestageorotherassociatedwith theportrayal,andpietydidtherest.

IsItPossibleThatBt.Luke PaintedthePicture?

Wemayaskifthereisanypossibilityoftheascriptionbeingcorrect?

Firstofallportraiturewasknownto bothGreeksandRomansoftheage, andsinceJewishculturewas,atthe timeofOurLord,interfusedwith Greek,Romanandmanyotherelements,thereisnothingagainsttheas-

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suitiptionteatnomtneirginanuher Childhadbeenpaintedduringtheir livesattheinstanceoffriendswhode siredtohanddowntheirportraitsto posterity.Thepaintingtechniqueof theageiswell-knownfromfindsin EgyptofthePtolemaisandRoman agegenerally.Portraitswerepainted inwaxmixedwithsuitablecolours,and theresultsweregenerallyexcellent,a veryhighstandardofexpressionbeing reached.Theywerepaintedonpanels roughlysquared(13or14ins.by15). Aftertheembalmingprocesshadbeen completed,suchportraitswereoften roughlycutandinsertedattheheadin theso-calledrhombicwrappingwhich enclosedthebody.Suchpiecescan beseenintheNationalMuseum,Dublin.ThattheHodegetria,andthe wholerangeofsucceedingByzantine andRusso-Byzantineicons,beganin thiswayisclearfromthecontrasting treatmentoftheface(idealistic)and thegarbandornaments(realistic). Muchoftheworkofembalmingwas inthehandsofphysiciansandtheacquaintanceofSt.Luke,whowasadoctorbyprofession,withtheartofembalming,andwiththeartofwaxor encausticpainting,assignedhimby

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tradition,mayverywellhaveasolid basisoffact.AsaGreekandaculturedmanafterthemannerofAlexandria,whichspreaditscultureinto Syria(Antioch,etc.),aswellasto CreteandByzantium,wemaycredit himwiththenecessaryartistic"background."GivenaccesstoalreadyexistingportraitsoftheVirginandChild, hemaywellhavepreparedthebasisat leastoftheHodegetriaandconsequentlyofthestillmorefamouspictureof OurLadyofPerpetualSuccour.As theexcavationaldiscoveriesatDura Europosmakeclearhewaslivingata momentandinanareawhereavery intensepictorialartwasbeingdevelopedbyJewandChristianalike.If motivewerenecessary,itwillbeobviousthatenergeticevangelistslikeSt. PaulandSt.Lukewouldfindthe imageoftheVirginandChildofimmensevalueincombatingexisting pagancultswhichwerenumerousand confusedintheextremeandincluded rathersimilarmotives,suchasthatof IsisandOsiris.Ifthetraditionis merepietisticinvention,itisapecularplausibleandsubtleone.Inthe forminwhichIhavesetitoutabove ithasalargeclaimtocredibility.

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'ChestertonforesawtheendoftheArmistice "ThePrussianandtheRussianwillagree abouteverything,especiallyaboutPoland"

*Eyrecamethroughthewaste-land100yearsagotoAlbany

EndoftheArmistice.G.K.Chesterton.

Thislittleworkisposthumous.It isaselectionofpapersandessaysfrom thepenofthegreatEnglishCatholic whodiedin1936.Thecompiler,Mr. F.J.Sheed,noticed,whileexamining hisworks,thathismindwasdominatedbyonemainthoughtofanew worldwarthatwascertaintocome, andcomequickly.Asfarbackas April,1933,whentheHitlerregime wasonlybeginning,hewrotetothe "Times"apropheticalletterentitled the"ReturnofPrussianism."Helped byhisdeepknowledgeofhistoryand closeobservationofthecourseof events,heatonceprophesiedadisastrousoutcome."Therearesomewho wonderhowIcametopickupthe strangefancythatHitlerandhiscolleaguesareaswarlikeastheysay theyare,andasproudofthegreat periodofPrussianvictoriesaseveryoneknowsthemtobe....Ifandwhen thenewGermanymovesaninchtowardsinfringingtheancientfrontiers ofPoland,IshallknowthatIwas right."

ThechaptersonPolandmakeinspiringreading.Againandagain theauthorshowshimselfthechivalrousdefenderofthisCatholicstronghold.Heregardsitasasortoflong sword-bladeofCatholicculturethrust betweenthePrussianmaterialistsand theBolshevikRussians.Inconsequence,heforesawnotonlytheGerman attackbuttheRussianalliance."Prussiahasprovedherpaganismoncemore intheNazimovement,aboveallinthe vitalorverydeadlyfactthattheNazi isreadytodailywiththeCommunists.

TheNazimaybeNationalistandthe BolshiemaybeInternationalist,but thesearewords. ThePrussianand theRussianwillagreeabouteverything,especiallyaboutPoland.They maydifferinmanythings,butin hatredoftheChristiancivilisation, theyaretrulyinternational."There wasafterwardsafallingoutamong thieves.Doubtlesstheauthorcould explainthereason,butMr.Sheedmade hiscompilationbeforetheGermanattackonRussia.Thereareother chaptersinwhichPolandisdefended againstinsidiousenemiesathome.The unpopularityofPolandwasduetothe religiousissue.

InthemindofChesterton,Prussianismwasthegreatmenacetothepeace ofEurope.Itwasthecauseofthe GreatWar,andwasleadingtoanew one."Weneverdeniedthatwehated Prussia,not,ofcourse,inthesenseof hatingeverythingPrussian,butinthe senseofhatingapositive,politicalinstitution,andwantingitweakened.

"Theworldwasforlongatpeace, underthesuccessiveadvanceofthe Prussianarmy,whichstepbystepestablishedthePrussianpower--andthe Prussianproblem.Warwentso smoothlythatitseemedalmostlike peace.Aggressionandannexation proceededsomechanically,onoiled andsilentwheels,thattheyseemed quitenaturalandnormal,forthose

whodidnotsuffer..ThePrussians weresoverytidyindealingwith t,ilesia,Poland,Denmark."Inthe lettertothe"Times,"alreadyreferred to,hedeclares:"Iamdefendingahistoricfactforwhichthousandsofthe mostthoughtfulEnglishandFrench. men,aswellasthebravest,died,the factthatPrussiahasdistortedthe. wholedestinyofGermanyandEnrope."Thereferencetothoughtful FrenchmensentustoaFrenchwriter ofpost-waryears,VictorTissot,"Au paysdesmilliards."

"NowweareinPrussia.Itwas herethattheHohenzollernstransplantedtheirgenealogicaltree.At firstapunysapling,itgrewintoa mightyoakwhosebranchescovered thewholeofGermany.Sigismondof Saxonymortgageditfor400A00 florinstooneofhisrelationsofNurembergwhosenamewasHohenzollern.Thehumbleandpainfulbeginningsoftheseupstartsarewellknown, butbydintofgeniusanddetermination,theybuiltupthefuturegreatnessoftheirdynasty.Theirsuccessorsinheritedanexcellentarmy,an overflowingtreasury,andawellorganisedstate.Fromtheirambushes intheswampsoftheSpree,these piratekingswereonthewatchforan opportunity,nordidtheyevermake afalsestep.TheyseizedSilesiaand Poland.Theirgraspinghandswere neverempty.Theybalancedthe budgetbymeansofextraordinary taxes.Theylivedpoorly.Themoney savedwasspentincreatingnewarmies,makingroads,drainingswamps, diggingcanals,andforcingapoorand barrensoiltosupportthemilitarycolonythusfirmlyestablished."

"WaterlessHorizons"ByMalcolm

UrenandRobertStephens.

Tothegeneralreader,aswellasto thestudentofAustralianhistory,this bookisrecommended.Itisnotonly astudyofthepartplayedintheexplorationofAustraliabyEdwardJohn Eyre,butalsoasympatheticportrayal ofthemanhimself.Eyrehasbeen describedbywritersofAustralianhistorybooksasanexplorerwho"did notfindthings,"asareckless,foolhardyyoungman-thougheventhey haveneverquestionedhiscourage.The authorsofthisbookhavebroughtforwardhisoutstandingachievementsin thefieldofexploration,notindiscoveringaninlandsea,orthewell-watered bverlandstockroutes,whichwerethe dreamsoftheearlyexplorers,butin provingbyhisarduousjourneysthat thesewerebutdreams.

ThestoryofEyreisthatofaman ofindomitablecourage,andhisthousandmiles'journeyfromFowlerBay. SouthAustralia,toAlbany,inWestern Australia,isanepicofgrimendurance inthefaceofhungerandthirst,physicalandmentalweariness,andghastly tragedy.Nosmallmancouldhave bornesuchdisastersandkepthishead "bloodybutunbowed."

Itisfittingthatthisbookshould havebeenpublishedin1941,onehun-

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dredyearsaftertheendofthisdreadfuljourney. OnefeelsthatthoughEyrewasalwaysmockedby"waterlesshorizons," stillhecouldhavesaid,ifhewould permithimselftobepoetical,"Ihave knownthegloryofvictory,andthe grandeurofdefeat."Notmaterial victorywashis,butsomethinginfinitelygreater,andmoresublime.

TheauthorssuggestthattheEastWestHighway,whichfollowswhere Eyrewalked,onthatmemorablejourneyonehundredyearsago,mightwell berenamedEyreHighway,andthus thenameofthistrulyheroicmanbe perpetuated.

Averygoodsuggestionitis,for, afterall,whatacommonplacenameis East-WestHighway-R.R.

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OfficialOrganoftheArchdioceseofPerth ESTABLISHED1874

PolesFearTreacheryfrom . EnglishRussophiles

(Continuedfromfrontcover.)

provedverysoonaftertheywereissued.ThedayafterthePolish-Soviet pactwassigned.Mr.Maisky,theSoviet AmbassadorinLondon,startedacampaigntointerprettheagreementas Pcland'sresignationfromherstatusin theEastandanopeningofdiscussion inthematterofPolish-Sovietboundaries.Unfortunately,thisrathertmfairRussianattitudewasfollowedby aneditorialintheLondon"Times," expressingtheopinionthatEastern EuropemustbegivenovertoRussian influence.Thus,England'sfirstally inthiswaywasforgottenandhanded awaytothemostrecentone,Russia, becausethenewallyhasalargerpopulationthanPolandandastrongarmy. SinisterRedMunich? AlthoughtheForeignOfficeinLondonrepudiatedthiseditorial,itwas alreadyplainthenthatasinisterbargaininsomecirclesisinmind.The spectreofaRedMunich,proposedby pro-SovietbearersofMr.Chamberlain's umbrella,reappearedlatelyagain,but inamuchmoreopenshape.William Stoneman,Londoncorrespondentof theNewYork"Post"(March7),writes asfollows:

"TheLondon`Times'initsleading editorialto-daysuggestsGreatBritain makeanagreementwithSovietRussia recognisingtheSovietUnion'sbounfriariesasofJune22,1941(thatis,subsequenttothePolishandFinnishwars andtheabsorptionofLithuania,LatviaandEstonia).Andstrangelycoincidingwiththe'Times'articleisSir StaffordCripps'interview,inwhichhe plainlysays:'ToprotectLeningrad,it isessentialthattheRussiansshould controltheGulfofFinlandandthe BalticCoast.Itisalsonecessarythat thereshouldnotexistsmallStatesclose tothevitalpointsofSovietindustry whichcanbemadeuseofbyhostile powersasabasefcrattack.'This meansthat,judgingbythestrategic necessitiesofthesituation,theSoviet Governmentmustaskforboundaries ofJune,1941."

SacrificetoMoloch.

Thematterisveryclear!Theplanis tosacrificethreefreeandindependent nations,whoseterritorywasoccupied byaggression,forthesakeofbeing pleasanttotheSovietUnion.Sir Staffordappearedtobemorekindto Poland,ashesuggestedfixingPolishSovietboundariesbymutualagreement"betweenwhatarenow,Iamglad tosay,twofriendlycountries,Poland andtheU.S.S.R..'Byastrangecoincidenceagain,atthetimeSirStafford'sinterviewappeared,theNew York"Times"announcedfromLondo,, thattheSovietsrefusedtothePolish GovernmenttherecognitionofpassportsissuedtoPolishcitizenswhowere borninterritoriesoccupiedbyRussia

in1939,becausetheyareSovietcitizens.InthislightSirStafforddid not,indeed,needtobotheraboutthe Polish-Sovietboundaries,becausethe Russianshavealreadymadethepoint clearthemselves.

StrategicMassDeportation.

Needlesstosay,noPolishGovernmentwilleverconsiderRussianclaims tothePolishsoilwhichtemporarilyfell intoSoviethandsbecauseofanactof wantonaggression.Ifthisaggression, aswellastheconquestoftheBaltic States,wasonlyaprecautionarymove ofastrategicalcharacter,asistheofficialSovietinterpretation,whydidRussiadeporttwomillionPoles,Ukrainians,andJewsfromtheirhomein PolandtoatrociousconditionsofstarvationanddiseaseinSiberia?Why didtheydeport10percent.ofthe populationsofLithuania,Estoniaand Latvia,andimprisontheirGovernments?Fakeplebiscitessubsequentlyarrangedinsuchconditionscan hardlybeconsideredafreeexpression ofthewilloftheinhabitants.

ReadytoFight.

ThePolesarereadytofightfortheir easternboundarieswiththesameviolencewithwhichtheyhavedefended theirhomelandandarenowfightingon allfrontsoftheworld.Soarethe peopleofLithuania,Estonia,andLatvia,Woulditnotbebetter,then,if SirStaffordCrippsandhisfollowers,insteadofplanninganotherMunich,tried rathertopreventfutureunnecessary bloodshedinEasternEuropebyinducingtheSovietstoabidebytheprinciplesoftheAtlanticCharter?

InthecaseoftheSovietdemands thereisnoevidenceofanintentionto repairthewrongdonetothesenations.

Gratitude?

Polandfoughtfromthefirstdayof thiswar.Herresistanceallowedthe Alliestimetopreparefortheirown defence.PolandsavedRussiafrom Germanonslaughtin1938byrefusing tojoinGermanyinherinvasionplans onRussia.Nowitisproposedtopay Polandforhersacrificeswiththeloss ofahalfofherterritory,notinthe caseofaGermanbutinthecaseofan Alliedvictory.

BetweentheUnitedNationsandthe SovietUnionthereisunityofmilitary aims;butthereisacompletedisunity andevenastrikingdifferencebetween theirpoliticalaims.Tankscanbe giventotheSoviets,butprinciples, beingthestrongestresourceofthe UnitedNations,shouldnotbebartered away.

Someonemaysay,whatisthistiny problemofafewmillionpeoplewhen comparedtotheglobalproportionsof thiswar?Cantherebeanycomparisonbetweentheblazeofwarcovering

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thewholeearthandaquestionofthree smallnations?

RightsolSmallNations.

Yes,Ishouldsay,thereis!Becausethiswarisbeingfoughtforthe rightsofthesmallpeopletolive,becauseitisbeingfoughtfora"new siathedemocracieswouldgreatlyunderminetheirmoralprestige.Inthis lighttheAtlanticCharterwouldcersistancetotheNaziconquerors,have thefaiththatsomedaytheywillnot besacrificedinturn?

Yes,thereisnodoubtthatbyhandingoverthefreeBalticStatestoRusorder"intheworld,wheremencan existfreefromfear,wantandaggression.Ifduringtheveryprosecution ofthewartherightofsmallnationsto

liveissacrificedforthesakeofthebig nations,howcanothersmallnations, strugglingdayandnightintheirretainlybeadvertisedbytheAxis Powersasameaninglessscrapofpaper.

TrustinAmerica. Americaistheonlycountryinthe worldtowhichtheeyesofallsuffering andstrugglingpeoplesaredirected withconfidence.AmericaneverdeceivedanybodyandtheAmerican creedisthecreedofthefree.ThepeopleofEasternEuropelookwithhomageandtrusttothisgreatcountry, thattheirage-olddeterminationtobe freewillnotbedisregarded,thatright andlawwillnotbetrampleduponin ordertoachievearepetitionofMunich, thistimeinred.