oftheCommonwealth.On this.withoneimportantmodification. tlidelegatesfinallyagreed. TheGovernmentputtheUlstercase verystrongly. TheSinnFein'sinstructionsweretodemandatimelimit forUlstercomingin,andperiodsof fromfivetosevenyearswerementioned.TheGovernmentprovedimmovable.Finally,throughMr.Collins'goodoffices,anunderstandingwas arrivedat,andthedelegatessigned, shookhands.anddeparted.Acopy wastakentoSirJamesCraigbyMr. LloydGeorge'ssecretaryinaspecial trainanddestroyer.Mr.LloydGeorge isarrangingtosummonParliament immediately.OnthegeneralquestionIrelandwill status,which --meansthatinsteadoftheBritisirGovernmentbindingthembyprovisions. theyaretrustedtoworkouttheirown destiny.Ulsterwillbefreetoexpresstherighttomaintainitsexisting status,butwillnotreceiveanymore thanithasunderthepresentstatus.
TheIrish,nomatterinwhatcornerofanyDominionoftheBritishCommonwealthofNations,havebeen tauntedforyears-generations,infact-thatinthecountry,inwhichtheylivetheIrishgrievancewithEngland wasIreland'sconcernandnooneelse's.HereinAustraliawehavebeenbeguiledandderided,blackmailedand markedasdisloyalists,andeverythingthatwasbad,coupled,ofcourse,withtheepitheticalphrasethatAustralia "hadenoughtroublesofitsown."InthelightofexperienceandtheactualpracticesofcableniongersinLondon, IrelandhasindeedbeenareallivequestionforAustraliaandtheDominionsofGreatBritain.IfAustraliahad noconcernwithIreland'sdestiny,whyshouldweberegaledmorningaftermorningwithnewsconcerningcertain happeningsinandprospectsforthefutureIreland?Everydayorsovitrolicpropagandahasbeenallowedto oozethroughthecablesfromalmostexclusivelyonesource,andthatwasanti-Irish.Therehasbeenabaneful seriesofepithetshurledthroughthepressattheexiledIrishthroughouttheworld,andyetEnglish-speakingpeopleshavebeentoldbytheirrepresentativeGovernmentsthatIreland'stroubleswerenottheir's!Throughout thenegotiationsthathavenroceededoflate,thecauseofIrelandhadbecomeamostimportantoneforAustralia,andanyothercountrywhereIrishmenandwomenhavehadperforcetoseekshelterandestablishahome. Indeed,to-daythetopicofconversationandthemostimportanteventinhistoryuppermostinthemindsofevery adultandofaconsiderableproportionofthechildrenandyouthofthisgreatfreecountryisIrelandasaFree State.Ireland'sdestinyhasbeenofgiganticimportancetoeverycountrywhereIrishexileshaveattainedthe fullrightsofcitizenship,forcenturiesdeniedthemintheirnativeland.Suchastateofaffairshasbeenagross insulttocivilisation,andagrosserinsulttotheintelligenceofthemostgiftedraceonearth,apeoplewhomGod waspleasedtoendowwitheveryessentialelementofhumanprogress,theartsandsciences,learning,industry, andaboveandbeyondallthatmarvellouscharacteristicofspiritualityofwhichtheIrishpeoplefromthedays ofSt.Patrick,inthe6th.century,downtothepresenttime,havebeenthefaithfulcustodiansastrueandtrustedevangelisersofGod'schildrenuponearth.Theparticularsofagreementandthecompactdrawnupandsigned byGreatBritain'srepresentativesandtheIrishStatesmenappearhereunder.Wearedistinctlyproudtobe inthepositionofchroniclingthisweekatleastsomethingrelativetotheunderstandingandmutualagreement arrivedatbetweenthetwocountries.Wehopeinournextweek'sissuetodosomethingthatwillbeworthyof theoccasionbyproducinganIrishissue,whichwillreflectthegreatmovementforIrishSelfGovernment,and beaverybriefoutlineoftheheroicstruggles,perseverance,andunparaleliedchivalryofthepeople-men, womenandchildrenalike-ofholyandintellectualIreland.Hewouldbewisewhocouldprophecytowhatextentthebeneficienceofthislong-prayedforsettlementwillmean,notonlytoIrelandorAustraliaortheEmpire, butthewholeworld.
Ifitbreaksawayunderthecontractingoutprovisions,UlsterwillbeaffordedeveryfacilitytoreachanagreementwiththeSinnFebGovernment. Regardinginternalaffairs.bothsides totheconferenceagreedtoreconn mendthenewschemetotheirrespectiveCabinets,withaviewtoexpediting itsacceptanceinordertocreatepeace attheearliestopportunity.Themain settlementbetweenSinnFeinandthe BritishGovernmentwillnotbeaffected byarefusalonthepartofUlster.
Moreover,thePremier'sdeclaration thaLUIsterwillnotbecoercedwillnot bedepartedfromintke.jetterorspirit, andanysettlementmusthavetheapprovaloftheBritishGovernmentand ofUlster.
TheBritishCabinethasunanimously approvedofthedraftagreement,and Parliamentwillmeetnextweek.
London,December6.
ItwasreportedthismorningthatanIrish agreementhadbeenreached.
TheIrishConferenceisreportedtohaveagreedtoanewformulawithre. yardtotheallegiancequestion.
TheGovernmenthassubmittedalreadytoSirJamesCraigtheteatof theagreement,whichprovidesformutualconcessions.
TheSinnFeindelegatesareconfidentthatthetermsoftheagreement willbeacceptabletoSouthernIreland. Mr.LloydGeorgedoesnotanticipateanydifficultywithUlster,whose rightsarefullysafeguardedintheagreement.
theprovisionalGovernmentshallsignifyinwritinghisorher acceptanceofthisinstrument.Thisarrangementshallnotcontinueinforce forlongerthanayear. Theeighteentharticleprovidesthatthisinstrumentshallbesubmitted forthwithfortheapprovaloftheBritishParliament,andbytheIrishsignatoriestoameeitugofmemberselectedtositintheHouseofCommonsog SouthernIreland,and,ifapproved,shallbe
PADRAIGPEARSI, Philosopher,Poet,andRemo. LloydGeorgehas reasontobeHappy
virtueofthecitizenshipofIreland withGreatBritainandheradherencetothemembershipofthegroupof nationsformingtheBritishCommonwealthofNations."
London,Dec.7. "Thishasbeenthehappiestdayof maylife.Anage-longproblemhasbeen solved."Thesewerethefirstwords utteredbyMr.LloydGeorgewhenthe Anglo-IrishTreatywassigned.Afew minutespreviouslyMr.LloydGeorge hadgivenanundertakingregardinga smalladjustmentoftermsantiMr.ArthurGriffithsaid:"Withthat,Mr. LloydGeorge,wearesatisfied.We willsign."Thedocumentwasplaced beforethePrimeMinister,whoadded hissignature,andthenturnedwitha smiletoMessrs.CollinsandGriffith WhenallthesignatureshadbeenaddedthePrimeMinisterstretchedouthis handsandclaspedthoseofMessrs. GriffithandCollins,saying:"Thisis thedawnofaneweraforIrelandand Britain."As"BigBen"chimed2.30 theIrishmenlefttotelegraphthenews toMr.DeValera,whileMr.Lloyd GeorgecommunicatedwiththeKingat Sandringham.SotheIrishsettlement cameintobeing. LateonTuesdayeveningtheCabinetdecidedthattheHouseofCommonsandHouseofLordsshouldbe summonedforthe14thinst.toconsidertheagreement.Bythenthetreaty shouldhavebeenratifiedbytheDail Eireann.TheKingwillopenthesessioninfullstate,andafteradayor two'sdebateParliamentwillprobably adjourntoJanuary30,whenaratifyingBillwillhavebeendrafted. Thepublication,ofthetermsinthe Dublineveningpapersarousedjubilationanditisagreedgenerallythatthe constitutionoftheIrishFreeState andthetermsoftheoathleaveno roomforcriticismbythemostadvancedSinnFeiners. ThesettlementarousedthemostfervententhusiasminDublin,whereeyed theextremistNationalistsextolledthe delegates'workinLondon,sayingthat theywerehonestlygladthatpeace withfreedomhadbeenwonatlast. Manyservicesofthanksgivinghave beenarranged.Messagesindicating supremesatisfactionarereachingthe SinnFeinheadquartersfromallcornersofIreland,welcomingtheendof thebloodyfeud.CorkandLimerick withtownsnorthoftheBoyne,are joininginthegeneraljubilation.
believeintherealityoftheSinnFein concessions,andthegeneralfeelingof depressionanduneasinesshasbeenintensifiedbyLordBirkenhead'sspeech.
ages ecions-rean Isesan apesoreace-age -ArchbishopMenses RegisteredattheGPOPerthforTransmissionbyPostesbNewspaper 2064(NewSeries) P RECORD. GOD N V THEORGANOFTHEARCHDIOCESEOFPERTH (8PAGES) PERTH,SATURDAY,DECEMBER10,1921 PRICE3d VOL.XLV IRELANDAFREESTATE CenturiesofStrifeEnded.ProtractedNegotiationsCulminatesinPeaceSettlement OverwhelmningExpressionsofJoyandGratitudeonAllSides Alberts$OH, SpontaneousExultationandThanksgivingtheWorldOver LONDON,December6. TheAustralianPressAssociation understandsthattheIrishConference wasalongseriesofdiscussions.The todelegatessometimesseparatedinorder sodiscussnewproposals,andreunited tosettlethepointsraisedonebyone. Bargainingwascentredchieflyonthe principleofallegianceandpartition.LordBirkenheadwasthe dominantpersonality in this phase.TheGovernmentproposed aformulaofallegianceonwhich theSinnFeinerswerestrikinglyat variance.TheGovernmentputforwardasecondproposalofapersonal oathofallegiancetotheBritishEmpire,theKing,andtheIrishFree Ratefromeverymemberofthenew IrishLegislature.Thiswaswarmly discussedforanhourandahalf. JustbeforemidnighttheSinnFeinerspresentedtheirownproposalsfor apersonaloathofallegiancetothe BritishCommonwealthofNationsand theIrishFreeState,andapersonaldeclarationacknowledgingtheKingas 4'
A
agreementhadbeenreached,and
to-day. HisMajestytheKinggavean
audiencelastevening
Lloyd GeorgeinconnectionwithIrishaffairs. TermsoftheTreaty LONDON,Dec.6. TElAGRV.P.MENT,ENTITLED"ATREATYBETWEENGREAT BRITAINANDIRELAND,"WASSIGNEDTO-DAY. ThefirstarticlesaysthatIrelandshallhavethesameconstitutionalstatus inthecommunityofnationsknownattheBritishEmpireasCanada,Australia, NewZealand,andSouthAfrica,withaParliamenthavingpowerstomake lawsforthepeace,order,andgoodgovernmentofIreland,andanExecutive responsibletothatParliament,anditshallbestyledtheIrishFreeState. Thesecondarticlesetsforththat,subjecttoprovisions,thepositionofthe IrishFreeStateinrelationtotheImperialParliamentshallbethesameas thatofCanada. ArticleNo.3saysthatarepresentativeoftheCrowninIrelandshallbe appointedinlikemannertotheGovernor-GeneralofCanada. Thefourtharticlegivestheoathofallegiance. ThefiftharticlesaysthattheIrishFreeStateshallassumeliabilityfor itspublicdebttotheUnitedKingdomtothepresentdate,andforthepaymentofwarpensionsinsuchproportionasmaybefairandequitable,the amountbeingdetermined,indefaultofanagreement,byarbitrationbyindependentcitizensoftheEmpire. Thesixtharticleprovidesthatuntilanarrangementismadebetweenthe BritishandIrishGovernmentsbywhichtheIrishFreeStateshallundertake itsowncoastaldefence,theseadefenceofBritainandIrelandshallbeundertakenbyhisMajesty'sImperialforces.ThisdoesnotpreventIrelandfrom maintainingthevesselsnecessaryfortheprotectionofrevenueandforfisheries.Thisarticleshallbereviewedfiveyears'hencewiththeviewofIrelandundertakingashareofherowncoastaldefence. TheseventharticledeterminesthattheIrishGovernmentshallaffordto hisMajesty'sImperialForcesintimeofpeaceharbourandotherfacilities, andintimeofwarorstrainedrelationswithaforeignPowersuchharbour andotherfacilitiesasBritainmayrequireforthepurposesofdefence. Theeightharticlesaysthatwiththeviewofsecuringtheobservanceof theprincipleoftheinternationallimitationofarmaments,iftheIrishGovernmentestablishesamilitarydefenceforcetheestablishmentsofitshallnot exceedsuchproportionoftheBritishestablishmentsasthatwhichthepopulationofIrelandbearstothepopulationofBritain. ThenintharticlesetsforththattheportsofBritainandtheIrishFree Stateshallbefreelyopentotheshipsofanyothercountry,onthepayment ofthecustomaryportorotherdues. ThetentharticlesaysthattheIrishGovernmentshallagreetopayfair compensation,notleesfavourablethantheActof1920,tojudges,officials, police,andotherpublicservantsdischargedorretiringinconsequenceofthe changeofGovernment.Thisagreementdoesnotapplyto'membersofthe auxiliarypoliceforceorpersonsrecruitedbyBritainfortheIrishconstabulary duringthelasttwoyears.TheBritishGovernmentassumestheresponsibility forsuchcompensation. Theeleventharticleprovidesthatuntiltheexpirationofamonthfront thepassingofanActofParliamentratifyingthetreaty,thepowersofthe IrishFreeStateshallnotbeexercisablewithrespecttoNorthernIreland,and theprovisionsofthe1920ActrelatingtoNorthernIrelandshallremaininfull force.Noelectionshallbeheldforthereturnofmemberstoserveinthe ParliamentoftheIrishFreeStateforconstituenciesinNorthernIreland,unlesstheParliamentofNortaernIrelandpassesaresolutioninfavourofthe holdingofsuchelectionsbeforetheendofthesaidmonth. Thetwelftharticleprovidesthatifbeforetheexpirationofthesaid monthbothHousesofNorthernIrelandpresentanaddresstohisMajestythat thepowersofParliamentandGovernmentoftheIrishFreeStateshallno longerextendtoNorthernIreland,theprovisionsoftheActof1920,including theserelatingtotheCouncilofIreland,shall,asfarastheyrelatetoNorthern THEKINGANDLLOYDGEORGEATINVERNESS. Photo.takenjustpriortothemomentousBritishCabinetmeetingspecially-summonedtediscussoneofSinnFein'susualcogentrepliestoBritish Government'soffer. Ireland,continueinfullforce,providedthatifsuchanaddressbepresented acommissionofthreepeople,oneappointedbytheIrishFreeState,another byNorthernIreland,andthethird,aschairman,appointedbytheBritish Government,shalldetermineinaccordancewiththewishesoftheinhabitants, asfarasmaybecompatiblewiththeeconomicandgeographicalconditions theboundariesbetweenNorthernIrelandandtherestofIreland.Such boundaryappliestothepurposesofthe1920Actaswellastothisinstrument. Thethirteentharticlesetsforththatforthepurposesoftheforegoing articlethepowersoftheParliamentofSouthernIrelandundertheActof 1920toelectmemberstotheCouncilofIrelandshallbeexercisedbytheParliamentoftheIrishFreeState. Thefourteentharticlesaysthatifnoaddressispresentedinamonthto ParliamenttheGovernmentofNorthernIrelandshallcontinuetoexercisethe powersconferredbythe1920Act,buttheParliamentandGovernmentofthe IrishFreeStateshallinNorthernIrelandhave,inrelationtomattersinrespectofwhichtheParliamentofNorthernIrelandhasnotthepowertomake laws,thesamepowersasintherestofIreland,includingmatterswhichunder the1920ActarewithinthejurisdictionoftheCouncilofIreland. Thefifteentharticlesaysthatatanytimehereafter'theGovernmentof NorthernIrelandandtheProvisionalGovernmentofSouthernIrelandhereinafterconstitutedmaymeetforthepurposeofdiscussingprovisions,includingthefollowing:-(a)SafeguardsregardingpatronageinNorthernIreland; (b)safeguardsregardingtherevenueofNorthernIreland;(c)safeguards regardingimportandexportdutiesaffectingthetradeandindustryofNorthernIreland;(d)safeguardsfortheminoritiesinNorthernIreland;(e)the settlementofthefinancialrelationsbetweenNorthernIrelandandtheIrish FreeState;(f)theestablishmentofthepowersoflocalmilitiainNorthern Ireland,andtherelationofthedefenceforcesoftheIrishFreeStateand NorthernIrelandrespectively.Ifatanysuchmeetingprovisionsareagreed totheyshallhavethesauteeffectasifincludedamongtheprovisionssetout inthefourteentharticle.' ThesixteentharticlesaysthatneithertheParliamentofthe
ofanychildtoattend aschoolreceivingpublicmoneywithoutattendingreligiousinstructionatthe school.TheParliamentsshallnotmakeanydiscriminationrespectingState aidbetweenschoolsunderthemanagementofdifferentreligiousdenominations, ordivertfromanyreligiousdenominationoreducationalinstitutionanyofits property,exceptforpublicutilitypurposes,andafterthepaymentofcompensation. Theseventeentharticlesaysthatasaprovisionalarrangementforthe administrationofSouthernIrelandduringtheintervalbetweenthepresent timeandtheconstitutionoftheParliamentandGovernmentoftheIrishFree State,stepsshallbetakenforthwithtosummonameetingofmembersofParliamentelectedforconstituenciesinSouthernIrelandsincethe1920Act,and constitutingaprovisionalGovernment.TheBritishGovernment,withthe powersandmachineryrequsiteforthedischargeofitsduties,providedthat everymemberof
ThetreatyissignedbyMr.LloydGeorge,LordBirkenhead,Mr.Winston Churchill,Sir
istheOathofAllegianceagreedupon:"Idosolemnlysweartruefaithandallegiancetotheconstitution
the IrishFreeStateasbylawestablished.andthatIwillbefaithfultoGeorge theFifth,hisheirsandsuccessors.in
TheConferenceterminatedat1.20a.m.to-day.
memberoftheBritishCabinetinformedaPressrepresentativethat an
thatthetermsofitwouldbecommunicated
hour's
toMr.
IrishFree StatenortheParliamentofNorthernIrelandshallmakeanylawdirectlyor indirectlyendowinganyreligion,orprohibitingorrestrictingthefreeexercise thereof,orgiveanypreferenceorimposeanydisabilityonaccountofreligious belieforreligiousstatus,oraffectprejudiciallytheright
ratifiedbythenecessarylegislation.
L.Worthington-Evans,SirHamarGreenwood,SirGordon Hewart,Mr.A.Griffith,Mr.MichaelCollins,Mr.R.C.Barton,Mr.E.J. Duggan,andMrGeorgeGavanDuffy. TheOathofAllegiance Thefollowing
of
On thecontrary,Belfastisdourandsuspicious,theUnionistsdeclaringopenly thatSinnFeinwillnowbeinaneven strongerpositiontowagewaronIIIlitereconomically,bytheboycottand othermeans.TheUnionistsdonot
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