The Record Newspaper 17 August 1918

MadorMalicious?

InaFrenchjournalIreadtheother day,saysawriterinthe"Catholic Times,"thatDr.RouxhasjustpresentedareporttotheAcademyof SciencesregardingsuccessfulexperimentsmadebyDr.Remlinges,DirectorofthePasteurInstituteofTangier. Afterhavingdestroyedbymeansofa solutionofetherthevirusofrabiesin thebrainsofrabbitssufferingfrOm madness.heinjectedthiscerebralmatterintheformofanemulsioninto otheranimalsandascertainedthatthey hadthe:. .meimmunefromthe affliction.WhenIreadthisgood newsmyhopesrose.

WehavebeenfightingtheGermans andAustriansnowforverynearly fouryears.Aseveryoneknows,ithas beenaterrificconflict.ThemenrepresentingtheBritishEmpireatthe Front-Englishmen,Scots,Irishmen, Welshmen.colonials,andIndians-havedisplayedthegreatestpossible bravery.Menofallreligiouscreeds, themajorityofthemhaveprofessed oneformorotherofProtestantism. ButtheyhaveincludedafairproportionofthemillionsofCatholicsinthe Empire,anintrepidasthenon-CatholicssenttotheFrontsbyGreat Britainhavebeen,itcannotbesaid thattheirvalourhasbeengreater thanthatoftheCatholicsorthatthe issueofthewardependssimplyonthe Protestants.

CatholicsandtheWar. TheCatholiccombatantshaveplayedandareplayingquiteasvitala partinthestruggleastheProtestants. BelgiumisaCatholiccountry,andfor sturdyqualitiesinbattleandforselfsacrificesincethewarbegantheCatholicBelgianscouldnotbesurpassed. Theyhavedoneandsufferedgreat things.InFrance,too,theProtestantsaresofewthattheirrepresentativesinthenation'sarmiesdonot countasaseriousfactor.TheFrench Catholicshavefoughtmagnificently, andnopeoplecouldbemoreearnest ormoreenergeticthantheFrenchCatholicsathomeinsupportingthe cause.ThearmiesofItalyarecomposedofCatholics,andallwhohave takenaninterestintheirdoingssince theircountryjoinedtheAllieswilladmitthattheyhavebehavedmostcreditably.Theyhavefacedtherisks ofwarwithadmirablecourageand bornetheirlossesheriocally.Again,it hasbeenstatedonreliableauthority thatoverfortypercent,oftheland forcesofAmericawhoarenowgoing totheWesternFrontinsuchlarge numbers,andwhoseassistanceisof vastimportance,areCatholics.

AttacksonthePopeandtheChurch.

virulentabuseoftheHolyFatherand oftheIrishBishops,whohaveinsistedontherecognitionofanational rightwhichthecoloniesenjoy,this journal,whichvehementlyapplauded theCarsoniterebelsinUlster,callson theVaticantosavetheIrishpeople from"thesinofrebellionandtheconsequencesofthatsin."Ifindtheeditorofthe"DailyExpress"cultivating thesameranting,ravingstyle.The "Spectator"isfullofsoundandfury, criesoutforbloodlikethegiantin thestorywhocried"Fee,fa,fum,"and isdelightedtothinkthatthemembers oftheCatholicUnion"repudiatethe Ultra-montanismoftheVatican."

WhatistheMeaningofit? Ofcourse,itmustnutbesupposed thatallthis''NoPopery"insolence, whichwassoprevalentwhenUlster rebelsweredefyingBritishlawand gettinggunsfromGermany,isrevived forthepurposeofdefeatingHomeRule andpreventingtheadvanceofthe workingclasses,northatthewriters whoaresoopenlyhelpingtheenemy areconsciouslyguiltyoftraitorism.So Iamforcedtobelievethattheyare sufferingfrommadness-victimsofthe virusofrabies.Thenewremedyfrom thebrainsofrabbitsshouldbespeedily applied.

ThegreatCatholicDrivein NewYork

Now,thosewhoareacquaintedwith Catholicsareawarethatnothingis morehurtfultothem,nothingmakes themfeelmorekeenly,thanattacks uponorinsultstotheirreligion.OffensivenesstotheirChurch,totheir Bishopsandclergy,aboveall,tothe HolyFather,woundsthemtothe quick,andprovokestheiranger.How isit.then,thatatastageinthewar whenco-operationbetweentheforces ofTheAlliesissoessentialasitisat present,andwhendisunionwouldin allprobabilityspelldisaster,certain journalistsinthiscountryaremaking bitterattacksontheCatholicChurch andusingthemostinsultinglanguage towardstheHolyFather?Arethey soignorantasnottobecognisantof thefactthatofthemillionsofCatholicsinthefightingranksthereisnota singleonewhoisnotboundtothe SupremePontiffbythestrongtieof spiritualallegiance,andwho,whenhe hearsorreadsattacksonhisHoliness andtheChurch,isnotinclinedtoresentthem?Onlyoneconclusioncan beformed.Theymustbeunderthe influenceofthevirusofrabies.

InsultsandThreats.

TakethecaseoftheMorningPost."

EmployingthemanifestooftheCatholicUnionasatext,itsays:"His HolinessandtheVaticancanhardly failtobeawarethattheirattitudein thiswarhadarouseddeepsuspicion andresentmentnotonlyamongthose ofotherbranchesoftheChristian Church,butinthebreastsalsoof manywholooktoRomeforspiritual guidance."Thewritergoesontosay that"thesilenceoftheChurchupon theissueofrightinGermany'sassault uponthe,peaceofEurope"-thatisto say,the'neutralityoftheHolySeeandotherincidents"arousedafeeling amongCatholicsakintothenational resentmentinEnglandbeforetheReformation."Further,thewriterthus insultstheCatholicsofFrance,aland inwhichtheprospectsofProtestantismare,ifpossible,morehopelessthan ever:"Norshouldwebesurprisedto seeamongtheRomanCatholicsof Franceanirresistiblemovementfor thefoundatioi,ofaGa:licanChurch similarinnationalindependence(dependance?)avidsentimenttothe ChurchofEngland,asoneoftheresultsofthewar."Afterindulgingin

TherecentCatholicdriveinthe archdioceseofNewYork,saystheNew Jersey''Monitor,"hasbeenwonderfully successful. Theoutstandingfeatureofthedrive isthewaythenon-Catholicsencourageditandcontributedtoit.Itwas fromnon-Catholicsthatthelargest contributionscame.Thenon-Catholicsdidnothesitatetoorganiseandun dertakeactiveworkinthecause.ManyProtestantministersraisedtheirvoice initsfavourandleadingJewsgenerouslycampaignedtomakethedrive thesuccessithasprovedtobe. ThisCatholicdrivewasasuccess,be. causeitwasinauguratedandconductedalongtherightlines. Theappealwasmadedirecttothe generalpublic.Therewasnocamouflagingandnoapologising.There wasnohesitancyasthoughwedoubtedourrighttobecalledAmericans. andonthatgroundtoaskthehelpof thewholecommunity. CardinalFarley'sappealwasstraight fromtheshoulder.Itshowedthepatrioticpurposesofthedrive-thatit wasforthebenefitofeveryAmerican buyintheservice.Itassumedthe willingnessofthegenerous.American peopletohelpacausesoworthy,and therewasnodisappointmentinthe result.Itwasatestofconfidencein thebroadandgenerousspiritofthe non-Catholicpublicandthetestwas noblyanswered.Catholicsaregenerallytootimidin appealingtothenon-Catholicpublic. EvenwhentheircauseisplainlydeservingofthesupportoftheirnonCatholicfellow-citizens,theyhesitate andsatisfythemselveswithsomehalf measure. TheNewYorkdrivewasconducted ontheconsciousnessthatitconcerned allAmericans,thoughcarriedonunder Catholicauspices,-andtherewasarefreshingfranknessinitsavowaland sokeitation.Itwas,asaconsequence, bondtosucceed. 1hedrivewaswellmanaged.The presswassummonedtogiveunwontedpublicityandrespondedroyally. Thechurchcollectionswerethoroughly organisedandmadethebasisofthe greatdrive.NoCatholicforthenonce wastoobigtakeactivepartinthe pressingwork.Hisinterestdidnot endintheprofferofhispersonalsubscription. ithbusiness-likeconsistency,the resultsandindividualamountssub-scribedwerepublishedatthecloseof eachday.Fullandpublicaccounting wasrenderedofeverypennyonitsreceipt.TheCatholicChurchauthorities,the clergy,thegenerouslaityofthemetropolitandistricthavereasontobe proudoftheirmightyeffortinbehalf ofthesoldiersandsailorsoftheUnitedStates.Inthispridethewhole communityshares,asitshouldinthe munificentgiving.

PureWaxCandles,Charcoal,Tapers,Floats,SanctuaryOil,Crucifixes,Rosary Beads,Scapulars,Medals,SpecialtyinStatuary,FramedPictures,NewBooks justarrived,AttheFeetofJesus,TreasuryoftheSanctuary,Lookingon Jesus,FromBethlehemtoCalvary,JesusCrucified,SufferingManGod, WatchesofthePassion,EcceHomo,LentenSermonsonthePassion,Holy WeekandEaster,LoretooftheHolyHouse,BooksbyFatherLasance, ThoughtsonReligiousLife,Prayer-bookforReligion,BlessedSacrament Book,MyPrayer-book,WithGod,SundayMissal,RomanMissal,ShortVisits totheBlessedSacrament,VisitstoJesusintheTabernacle,NewIreland, HistoryofIrelandbyDarcyMcGee,Knocknagow,StoryofIrelandbyA. M.Sullivan,RecollectionsofanIrishJudgebyMcDonnellBodkin.Agood assortmentofEnglishandAmericanStoryBooks.S.HeartMessenger,Our Lady'sAnnals,Madonna,St.Joseph'sGarland,Australian,

ThePremierPoetofPoland

ADAMMICKIEWICZANDHISWORK.

(LecturedeliveredbeforetheDublinLiterarySociety,onFebruary1,1918.)

ThetragedyofPolandhasformore thanacenturyexercisedanirresistible fascinationoverthemindsofthe poets,politicians,andlitterateursof Europe,andmanyarethepenswhich havedevotedthemselvestothatfair land'sgloriouspast,itsdismalpresent oritspossiblefuture.WritersinPolanditselfandintheAsternlandsof EuropehaverailedatthewrongsperpetratedbythegovernmentsofRussiaandofPrussiauponanyPolewho endeavoredbywordordeedtoassert hiscountry'stitletoaplaceinthesun, tosomerecognitionofPoland'snationalityandofherrighttoindependence-arightfoundeduponanacknow. ledgednationalidentity,manifestedin herseparatelanguageandliterature, herhistoryasagreatPower,andher ceaselessstruggleinthefaceofdreadfuloddsagainstthetyrannyofheroppressors. InthemindsofEuropePolandhas alwaysstoodforthemartyrnation, bravelybearingtheheavyblowsof morepowerfulbutlessculturedcountries,whichhavebeenablebyforce ofarmstoconquerbutnottoassimilatealandofmoreliberalidealsand ofmoreintrinsicvaluetothetraditionalcivilisationofChristianEurope.Pplandisthesymboloflibertyinchains. AsthegreatDanishwriter,George Brandes,says:"Polandinthehistorical developmentofnationshasbecome synonymouswiththerightofmankind tocivilandintellectualfreedom,and withtherightofmankindtodependence.Polandissynonymouswithour hopeorourillusionastotheadvance ofourageinculture.Itsfuturecoincideswiththefutureofcivilisation. ItsfinaldestructionwouldbesynonymouswiththevictoryofmodernmilitarybarbarisminEurope."

Happilythefinaldestructionofthat sorelystrickenlandnowseemstobe outofthequestion.Theclashofarms inthecalamitouswarnowragingmay notsettlealltheoutstandingquestions ofEuropeanpolity,buttherecanbe littledoubtthat,comewhatmay,the futureofPolandasanindependent Stateisassured.ThegreatPowers onbothsideshaveapparentlydecided thatPolandmustnotgobacktoits previousposition;andthePowerwhich wouldhavethegreatestinterestin blockingPoland'spathtofreedom, Russia,hasitselfundergonesucha marvelloustransformationthatitcould notifitwould-and,tobehonest.apparentlywouldnotifitcould-place anyobstacleinPoland'sway.Incidentally,itmaybementionedforthe benefitofthematter-of-factpeoplethat itisgreatlytotheinterestofalmost everyoneoftheEuropeanPowersto setPolandonitsfeetagain,which makesitverylikelythattheexperimentwillbetried.Thecausefor whichsomanybravemenfoughtand died,thecauseofKosciuszkoand Dombrowskionthebattlefield,andof Krasinski,Slowacki,andMickiewiczin literature,isnowassuredofaspeedy measureofsuccess.Thesad,sweet songsofthePolishpoetsofthelast centurywillchangetopaeansoftriumphwhen-thepoetsofaresurgent Polandgreetthedawnoffreedom. Forthegloomofoppressioncasta mournfulspelloverthePolishpoetsof thenineteenthcentury.Asaman withabrokenarmcanthinkofnothingelse,sothePole,eveninhispoetry, couldonlythinkofonething-thesubjectionofhiscountryanditsstruggles forfreedom.AllthroughthePolish literatureofthenineteenthcentury runsthewarpofoppressionandthe woofofrebellion,asseenthroughthe varioustemperamentsofdifferentwriters.ButitisintheworkofAdam Itlickiewicz,thegreatestofPoland's poets,andwiththesoleexceptionof PushkininRussia,thegreatestofall lavonicpoets,thatwefindthechief expressionofthePolishgenius,andthe clearestimpressofPoland'ssufferings upononeofhermostgiftedsons. AdamMickiewiczwasbornonChristmasEve,1798,atZaosie,nearNowogrodekinLithuania-aboutfiftyorsixty milesnorth-eastofthenowfamiliar Brest-Litovsk.Hisfather,whobelongedtothe"szlachta,"orlessernobility,hadasmallpropertythere.As aboyoffourteenhesawNapoleon's armymarchthroughPolandinthe springof1812tothecampaignagainst Russia,thegoldeneagleofFrancebeingalliedtothewhiteeagleofl'oland. Thecampaigncamehometothefuture poet-literally,becausetheheadquartersoftheKingofWestphaliawe-cin hisfather'shouse;andthespiv.-"f thetime,the"zeitgeiSt"oftheNapc leonicera,seemstohavetiredthenu-

aginationoftheyouth,andneverto havelefthim.Manyyearsafterwe findhimwritingofthismemorable springintheseterms:

"0Spring!tohaveseentheeince'r homethatgreatyear,thoumemorable SpringofWar,thouSpringoffertility!0Spring!tohaveseenthee withflowersinmasses,withthegreen ofthefieldsandwoods,andthepomp ofwarriorsinbattlearray,richinmiraclesandinachievements,andwitha thousandhopesinthylap,memory greatandfair,thoufillestmeeventoday.Bornandbredinthralddm,as achildanexileinchains,Ihavenever inmylifeknownbutonesuchSpring."

In1815MickiewiczenteredtheUniversityofWilno(Vilna)-oneofthe historicseatsoflearninginPoland, foundedbyagreatPolishking,StephenBatory,about1580,andsuppressedbytheRussiansafterthePolishinsurrectionof1830.Herehestudied philology,andthelanguagesandliteraturesofRussia,France,andGermany, andevenalittleEnglish.Herehe madetheacquaintanceofThomasZan, afterwardsfamousinthePolishnationalistandrevolutionarymovements,and betweenthemtheyfoundedtwostudentsocieties,theprivatesocietyofthe Philomathiansandthepublicsociety oftheRadiants.whichwasafterwards mergedinthePhilaretans.Thesesocieties,liketheGermanTugendbund andtoasmallerextentliketheRoumanianJunimea,wereapparentlynonpoliticalstudents'associationshaving theintellectualandmoraldevelopment ofPolishyouthastheiraim.The membersofthesocietiespledgedthemselvestoinfluenceforgood,bypreceptandbypersonalexample,thestudentsoftheUniversity,toreformthe youthofPoland,andtolabouralltheir livesaccordingtotheirabilitiesforthe goodoftheircountry.Harmlessand laudableobjects,surely,andgreatlyto becommended,onewouldthink.even bytheRussianGovernment.Before long,however,theall-pervadingeye oftheRussianbureaucracywasturned uponthesestudents'unions,andthe RussianGovernmentcametotheconclusionthattheseharmlessliterary andphilosophicaldisguisesreallycoveredsecretsocietiesofPolishSinn Feiners;soin1823theysuppressedthe societiesanddeportedtheirleaders, MickiewiczandZan,totheinteriorof Russia.Aftertenmonthsinprison MickiewiczwenttoPetrograd.where hewasveryeagerlyreceivedbythe Slavophilreadingpublic,onwhomhis youthfulpoems,writtenatWilma,had madeagreatimpression.Hisentree intoliterarysocietywasmadevery easyforhimbyhisagreeablemanners, characteristicofthePolishpeople,and byhisgreatgiftsofpoeticalimprovisation.FromPetrogradhewent.in 1825,toOdessa,andincompanywith Rzewuski,afterwardsafamousPolish prosewriter,hemadeatourinthe Crimea.Themountainchainsand southernsceneryoftheCrimeamade agreatimpressionontheyoungNorthernpoet,accustomedtothemoreflat landsandtheforestsofLithuania,and inspiredhisfirstimportantwork,the "CrimeanSonnets"-acollectionsaid byPolishscholarstobeasremarkable fortheirrhythmastheycertainlyare forarichOrientalcolouring.Someof thebestofthem,forinstance,"The Storm"and"TheGraveoftheCountessPotacka,"havebeentranslated intoEnglish,andareheldbycompetentcriticstobeinnowayinferiorto similarpoemsbyWordsworthand Shelley. SometimelaterMickiewiczobtained apositionintheofficeoftheGovernorGeneralofMoscow,andwhiletherehe wrotetwoofhisprincipalpoems. "Grazyna"and"KonradWallenrod." Thefirstofthesepoems,describingthe warsbetweentheLithuaniansofold againsttheirfoes,isknowntohave inspiredtheheroicEmiliaPlater,who ledapartyintherevolutionof1830, andfoundagraveinhernativeforests.Thesecondisastoryinverse describingthevengeancetakenbythe paganLithuaniansofthefourteenth centuryagainsttheirGermanfoes,the TeutonicKnightsoftheCross.The hero,historicallyaknightoftheorder, whoruinedhimselfandsubsequently broughtthewholeordertoruin,becomesinthepoet'shandsaLithuaniaa, who,inordertodestroytheenemy Knights,insinuatedhimselfintotheir camp,becamealeaderintheirarmy, andledthemtodestructionatthe handsofhisLithuaniancompatriots. Thepoemisaglorificationofdeceit intheserviceofthefatherland-aMachiavellianideaembodiedinthechar-

acterofaByronichero-forthepoem showsunmistakabletracesoftheinfluenceofByron,withwhoseworks thepoetwasfamiliar.Throughthe poemrunsalsotheunder-plotofasentimentallovestoryoftheusualromantictypewithoutwhichnoworkof theperiodwascompleteAltogether itisastrikingpoemandcontainsmany beautifullyrics.Asaspecimenof Mickiewicz'sworkhereisashortlyric fromit,translatedbyawell-known Slavonicscholar,Mr.W.R.Morfill:Wilia.

(AriverofLithuania,whichflows byKovno,andemptiesitselfinto theNiemen.)

OurWilia,themotherofwildforest torrents, Rollssandsofpuregold%teethher clearazurecurrents; ButpurerinheartisourLitva'sfair daughter Andbrighterincheekasshedrinksof thewater.

'MidthesweetvalesofKovnoour Wiliaisflowing; Aroundhernarcissiandtulipsare growing, Buygayerthanroses'ortulips'proud splendour AttheLitvinka'sfeetaretheyouths thatattendher.

Thesevaleswhichtheflowerswith theirsoftbeautycover HowWiliadespisesforNiemenher lover!

TheLitvinkaissad,arvisheslights everymaiden Forayouththat'sastrangerherheart islove-laden.

Niemenwitharmsofwildforce,asa giant Onitscold loverwintrybreastitsyoung dothpillow; Thenhurriesheronwards,triumphant defiant, Andsinkswithher'lostinthesea's maddenedbillow.

Andthee,sweetLitvinka,theharsh fatesshallsever Fromthydearnativevales,thewild hauntsofthygladness; Absorbedinthegulfofoblivion'sdark river

Thoushaltperishalone!thoushalt fadeinthysadness.

Madden'dstream,madden'dheart.'tis vainonedeploreth; Wiliaspeeds,andthemaidwithlove's spelliso'ertaken; WiliaislostintheNiemensheadoreth Andthemaidenlamentsinthelone towerforsaken.

Thoughapparentlyahistoricalromanticpoem,KonradWallenrodis really,underathindisguise,ataleof thelongsanguinaryfeudsbetweenthe RussiansandPoles,andanexhortationtothelattertouseanyandevery method,good,bad,orindifferent, againsttheiropprei-aors.Theobject ofthepoemwasperfectlyevidentto thereadingpublic,buttheRussian censorsomehowfailedtoseethepoint andallowedittobeprinted,though onewouldhavethoughtthatitsvery motto,takenfromMachiavelli,would havearousedhissuspicions;forthe mottowasnoneotherthanthefamiliar Doveteadunquesaperecomesonoduo generazionidacombattere. bisogna esserevolpeeleone(Youmustknow thattherearetwowaysoffighting itisnecessarytobebothafoxanda lion).Thepoemmadeitsappearance, andinconjunctionwiththeCrimean SonnetssoonmadeMickiewicztheliteraylionofthehour.ItwastranslatedintoRussianbythePrincessZeneideWolkonskava,aleaderofRussiansociety,andshebecamehissponsoronhisdebutintothebestcircles. ButthePrincessdidmorethanthat; sheobtainedforhimfromagovernmentapassporttotravelabroadfor anindefiniteperiod,thusunwittingly enablinghimtocarryoutaproject lingcherishedinsecret-toescape fromRussianevertoreturn.Armed withthispassportthepoetleftPetrogradtoseetheworld,whichhebegan todoproperlybyvisitingGoetheat Weimar. Mickiewiczhadlongbeenonterms oftheclosestintimacywiththegreatestofRussianpoets,Pushkin,who wasofthesameageashimself,and who1C.himselfwasadiscipleofByron.Hewasnowtomaketheacquaintanceofamuchgreaterpoet,the greatestpoetofGermany,andprobab-

lyofhisera.Goethereceivedhint cordiallyandtreatedhimverykindly, andMickiewiczwasgratefultothe olderpoet,andalwaysremembered himwithaffection;buthewasgreatly shockedbyGoethe'sstrangepantheis- ticcreed,whichheregarded-witha gooddealofjustice-assheerindifferencetorevealedreligion.Thiswas onethingwhichMickiewiczfoundit hardtotolerate,forhewasaboveall thingsaPolishCatholic,orrathera CatholicPole;hiscreedwasalways themostimportantmatterinhislife, andhewasalwaysstrictlyorthodox,withtheexceptionofafewyearslate inhislife,when,asweshallsee,he fellforatimeundertheinfluenceof thestrange Towianski.politico-religiousmystic, LeavingGoethe,MickiewicztravelledthroughGermany,andbytheAlpinepassofSplugen,andvisitingMilan,Venice,andFlorence,reached Rome,wherehetookuphisresidence. Therehewrotethethirdpartofhis poem"Dziady"(TheFestivalofthe Dead),thesubjectofwhichisthepe- culiarreligiousritescommemorating theirancestorspractisedamongstthe Slavonicpeoples,andparticularlyam- ongsttheLithuanians;andherealso hewrote"PanTadeusz"(MasterThaddeus),hislongestandbestpoem,and thegreatestepicofthenineteenthcentury. Inthisremarkablepoem,whichis nowtranslatedintoEnglish,Mickiewicz drawsawonderfullygraphicpictureof thestateofLithuaniaatthetimeof Napoleon'sexpeditiontoRussiain 1812.Wecanseethehomesofthe Polishnobilitywiththeiropen-handed andboister91,*butverygeijojrithospitality,whiletheswordoffatewag hangingovertheirheads,soon,alas! tofall;whilethestormwasgatheringwhichwouldsoonsweepawayevery traceoftheirnationality.ForPoland wasinthethroesofdismemberment andofpoliticalextinction.Thefell workbegunin1772withthefirstpar- tition,whichwas,astheworldknows, followedin1793bythesecondparti- tion,whichledtoKosciuszko'sfamous rising,whenthat andgallant leadergatheredhiscountrymenunder thewhiteeagleofPolandtomakea lastdesperatestandforliberty.But overwhelmedbythecombinedforces ofRussiaandPrussia,thePoleswere defeatedatthebattleofMaciejowice inOctober,1794.Kosciuszkowastakenprisoner,andWarsawwasstormed bythemonstrousGeneralSuvorov, whomassacreditsinhabitantswitha ferocityonlyequalledbythatofAhmedAghaatBatakorCromwellat Drogheda.Polandwasnow,inthe popularphrase,downandout;andit wasasimplematterfortheoccupyingPowerstocarryoutthethirdparti- tion,anddivideupthewholeofPoland betweenthem,whichtheydidearlyin 1795.ThePoles,however,werenot contenttoremainquiescentunder theirnewtaskmasters,andsoughtever forachancetostrikeablowagainst theirchiefoppressor,Russia;therefore,whenNapoleonmarchedagainst Moscow,theyflockedtohisstandard, luredbyhisratherinsincerepromisestore-establishthePolishstate.Itis thisepochwhichMickiewiczdescribes sopowerfully,onwhichhehasfoundedhisgreatepic"PanTadeusz,"and itishispersonalexperiencesandper- sonalmemoriesofthetimewhichgive theworkitsvalue.

In1832MickiewiczleftRomeandwent toParis,wherehesettleddowntoa lifeofverygreatpoverty,towhich wassoontobeaddeddomestictroubles;forhemarriedaPolishlady,SelinaSzymanowska,whobecameinsane. Muchofhistimewasspentthence- forthinlookingafterhiswifeinher periodicreturnstosanity,orinlodgingherinsomeinsaneasylumand managingasbesthecouldinherabsence.Hewrotenomorepoetryof anyvalue;thecaresofhiswifeand hisyoungfamily,andhiscontinual poverty, preyedsometimesevenabsolutewant, uponhismindandrendered himincapableofproduction.That stateofthingscametoanendin1839, whenhewasmadeprofessorofclassicalliteratureinLausanne;butbefore hehadheldthatpositionayearhewas broughtbacktoParisbytheofferof aprofessorshipofSlavoniclanguages inthenewly-foundedCollegedeFrance. Thiswasamostvaluableappointment,andmostappropriate,forsincethe deathofPushkinin1837Mickiewicz wasthegreatestlivingrepresentative ofSlavonicliterature.Hislectures weredeliveredtonumerousandappre- ciativeaudiences,butitmusthonestlybeadmittedtheydidnotaddmuch

tohisreputation.Hisknowledgeof SlavonicliteratureoutsideofPolish wasverylimited,whilstoftheother SlavoniclanguagesheknewonlyRussian,andheknew'hothingofRussian literaturesubsequenttothedeathof Pushkin,whohadbeenhisfriendinhis earlydays.Agreatdrawbacktohis lectureswashisveryinadequateknowledgeofphilology;fantasticderivationsofwordsmarredhisdiscourses, andprovedonlytooclearlyhowlittle scientificmethodtherehadbeenin hisphilologicalandlinguisticstudies. Nevertheless,theglamourofhisname wassufficienttodrawcrowdsintohis class-room,andhemighthavecontinuedtofulfilhisveryusefulfunction ofgivinghisaudiencesaestheticcritiquesofSlavonicliteratures,inwhich hewascertainlyapastmaster,were itnotforastrangeinfluencewhich cameintohislifeandentirelydisarrangedhismentalityandhiscareer foraconsiderabletime:

Thiswastheblightinginfluenceof thevisionaryfanaticAndreiTowian-ski.Referencehasalreadybeenmade totherecurringinsanityofMickiewicz'swife.Ononeoccasionwhenhe hadjustreturnedfrombringingthe poorwomanoncemoretotheasylum, Mickiewiczwasseatedonachairma bareroom,verydejectedanddespairing,whensuddenlyheheardavoice speakinginPolish.Startledatthe unfamiliarsoundhelookeduptobeholdthestrangefigureofaPolishmysticorhermit,whodeclaredthathis missionwastobringbackthefreedom ofPolandandtoleadallherexiled sonsbacktotheirnativeland.Mickiewiczatfirstwastoodazedtospeak, butashegrewaccustomedtothefanatic'sravings,hemadeitquiteplain thathewasnotintheleastimpressed byhisharangue.Heinvitedhim. however,tostaythenight,andtold himthemournfultaleofhiswife's lossofherreason.Toprovethathe wasagenuineprophet.thestranger, whosenamehelearntwasAndreiTowianski,promisedtorestorehiswife's reasonforthwith.Amazedandunbelieving.MickiewiczallowedTowianski topersuadehim;theywenttotheasylum.andTowianski,takingthepoor lady'shand,saidsomepeculiarmysticalsentencestoher,whereuponshe fellonherknees,burstintotears,and recoveredherreasonimmediately!

WhatTowianskisaid,orwhatinfluence,magneticorhypnotic,heused thereisnomeansofknowing;suffice ittosaythattheuncannymannerin whichherestoredthelady'sreason convincedMickiewiczofhisextraordinarypowers,andmadehimoneof Towianski'smostdevoteddisciplesand apostles.

everyman's,andindisgustheleftthe assembly. Thiswascertainlyabadmistake; butMickiewiczmadeamuchmore seriousmistakewhenheallowedhis mysticalcultoftheNapoleonstoobtrudeinhislecturesattheCollegede France.Heseemstohavebeenso fullofthesubjectthathislecturesbecameamerejumbleofreligionand politics,ofPolandawltheMessiahand Napoleon,untilfinallyhebecameso obnoxioustotherepublicangovernmentthathewasremovedfromhis professorship.Withadelicatewife andsixchildrentomaintainMickiewicz'spositionbecameexceedinglyprecarious;hehadnotevenahappy home,andthespectreofpovertycame againtoblighthishousehold.Till 1848heremainedunitthespellof Towianski,andwhenhefinallyfreed himselffromthatobsession,theharm wasdone;hehadfallenfromacomfortable.positionintoabjectpoverty again.Heremainedpoorandobscure till1852,whenLouisNapoleonobtainedforhimthemodestpositionoflibrariantotheArsenalLibraryinParis.

Asamarkofgratitudehewrotea LatinodetoNapoleonIll.duringthe CrimeanWar,ontheoccasionofthe captureofBomarsundintheAaland Islandsin1854;forhestillretained someofhisvenerationfortheNapoleonicfamily.Thispoemwasanexceedinglypoorproduction,apartfrom itsbeingananachronism,anditre fleetsnolustreonhisname.

HeremainedlibrarianoftheArsenaltill1855,whentheFrenchGovernmentsenthimtoConstantinopleona two-foldmission;firstly,tolearnsome thingofthestateoftheChristiansubjectsoftheSultan,thestateofeducationamongstthen',anddetailsof themanuscriptsinTurkishlibraries: andsecondly,hewastoraiseanarmy ofPolesdomiciledinTurkeytoassist theTurksagainsttheRussians-forthe CrimeanWarwasstillgoingon.EnglandandFrancewere,aseverybody knows,alliedwithTurkeyagainstRussia;sonaturallyitwasthebounden dittyofthePolestofightfortheliberationoftheirfellow-countrymenand theirfellow-Slays,thesubjectsofthe Sultan,byhelpingTurkeyagainst Russia,theiroppressor.Therelations betweenRussiaandPolandremained asbadaseverdowntoourown times;yetnowwearetoldthatitis thedutyofthePolestofightforRussiaagainstTurkey,whohasnowno Slavonicsubjects!Whatastrangely complicatedthingisinternationalpolitics!

Towianski'screedwasastrangemixtureofmysticalreligionandmythical politics.HedeclaredthatPoland mustlookforherdeliverancetothe Napoleonicfamily,whichwasdestined toproducetheMessiahofthePolish nation.whowoulddelivertheland fromtheoppressor.Mickiewiczwas alreadyanadmirerofthegreatNapoleon,whomhehadregardedwith reverencein1812,andhadglorifiedin "PanTadeusz,"soitisnotsurprising thathefellunderthespellofthe strangenewcreed.Buthebecame morethanadiscipleofthecreed;he becameamissionary,anexponentof thecult,andintroducedittopublic noticeinseasonandoutofseason.The Russiansocialist.Herzen.givesin,his memoirsapitiabletaleoftheinroads madebythenewgospelonthepoet's mind.Hedescribesapublicdinner giveninParistocelebratethefoundation,undertheeditorshipofMickiewicz,ofthejournal"LaTribunedes Peoples,"ajournalestablishedinthe earlydaysoftheSecondRepublic,but whichonlylastedayear.''Thegeneralimpressionproducedbyhisappearance,"saysHerzen,"especiallyby hisheadwithitsabundantgreyhair andhiswearylook,wasexperienceof unhappiness,familiaritywithmental distress,troubleamountingtomadness -theveryembodimentofthefateof Poland.Somethingseemedtorestrain,topre-occupy,todistractMickiewicz.Thiswashisextraordinary mysticism,inwhichhewasnowfurtherandfurtheradvancing."When calledupontoenunciatetheprogrammeofthefuturejournalinreplytoa toast,Mickiewicz,saysHerzen,"proceededtosaythatdemocracyisnow .takinganewpositionattheheadof whichisFrance.Thatshewillagain rouseherselftotherescueofalloppressedpeoplesunderthoseeaglesand thoseflags,atthesightofwhichall emperorsandgovernmentshadtrembled,andthattheywillbeagainled forwardbyoneofthemembersofthat dynasty,crownedbythepeople,which hasbeenappointedasitwerebyProvidenceitself,tocarryontherevoluOmintheregularpathofauthority andvictory."Thiswastoomuchfor arepublicanaudience;protestswere madeonthespot,everyman'shand wasagainsthimandhishandagainst

Quixote"hasbeenfusedwiththe "Iliad."Thepoetstoodontheborder linebetweenthevanishinggeneration andourown.Beforetheydiedhe hadseenthem;butnowtheyareno more.Thatispreciselytheepicpoint ofview.Mickiewiczhaspeformed histaskwithamaster'shand;hehas madeimmortaladeadgeneration whichnowwillneverpassaway.. "PanTadeusz"isarealepic.Nomore canbesaidorneedbesaid."

AndGeorgeBrandes,thewell-known criticofDanishoriginbutofEuro. peanfame,considersMickiewiczawriterwhoin"PanTadeusz""hasembalm. edhisrecollections,observations, visionsandhopesinaformofentrancingmelody,sothatnosyllablecould betakenawayfromanylinewithout loss;heendowedhischiefworkwith suchapowerofresistancetotime,that itwillcometolatergenerationsinPolandasthegreatestdiamondinthe nationalpatrimony,thecuttingof whichhasmadeitsvalueincalculable, andwhosehardsurfaceresistsallattack. Hehasfinallysucceededin producingaworkatoncepopularand imperishable. Hegaveadescriptionofrealitieswithnofantasticor mysticalelementsinterwoven,and paintedaworldwhichdidnotliehalfhiddenbehindthemistsofthepast, butonewhichhehimselfhadseenwith theclearwiseeyesofchildhoodbefore itvanished."

OATES&Co.

OoalMerchants

40DYERSTREET,WESTPERTH

ThePoleswerepromisedbythe French,whohavealwaysusedthem andthendesertedthem,therestoration ofPoland;butEnglandwashostileto theerectionofwhatshecalledthe "FrenchprovinceoftheVistula,"with theresultthatnoenthusiasmwas. arousedamongstthePoles,eitherin PolanditselforinTurkey.MickiewielsmissiontoformaPolishlegion endedinfailure;hebecamegreatly depressedonaccountofthedissensions amongsthiscountrymenonthesubject, andalsoonaccountofaforeboding, ashesayshimself,thatFrancewould desertPolandatthetreatyofpeace soontobedrawnupbetweenthebelligerents-aforebodingrealisedlaterin everydetail.Butthedesertionof PolandbyFrancedidnotworrythe poet;forhisweakenedframehadmade himaneasypreytothedreadcholera which,likethepoor,theinhabitantsof Constantinpolehavealwayswiththem: andonNovember26,1855-monthsbeforepeacewasmade-hediedofthat dreaddiseaseatthecomparatively earlyageoffifty-seven.Accordingto hisdyingwish,hisremainswere broughttoParisandburiedinMontmorencybythesideofhiswife;anda beautifulfuneralorationwaspronouncedoverhisgravebyZaleski,aPolish poetoftheUkraineschool,andoneof Mickiewicz'sliteraryfollowers.But in1890hisremainsweredisinterred andbroughttoCracow,andburiedin CracowCathedral,theSanteCroseof Poland,besidesthoseofKosciuszko. TheRussiangovernmentrelaxedtheir passportregulationsforthatday,and hisfuneralwasattendedbyhundreds ofRussianPoles,andbypilgrimsfrom alltheendsofEurope.Andrightly so;forthoughCracowCathedralcontainsthetombsofmanyofthePolish kings,theburialofthegreatestofher poetsbesidethegreatestofherheroes wasthemostimpressiveeventinthe historyofthatvenerablebuilding.

ForMickiewiczisundoubtedlythe greatestofPolishpoets,andexcepting onlyPushkin,thegreatestofallthe Slavonicpoets.Heistherepresentativenationalpoetofthatgreatunhappyland,andhehasconcentrated herrecenthistoryintoanepicthan whichnogreater-hasbeenwrittenin moderntimes."NoEuropeannation ofourday,"saysZygmuntKrasinski, oneofMickiewicz'stwogreatestsuccessorsinPolishliterature,"hassuch anepicas"PanTadeusz."Init"Don

People,PlacesandThings

"KATHLEENMAVOURNEEN."

Theauthorof"KathleenMavourneen,"FrederickWilliamCrouch,died inpovertyinBaltimore,Md.,in1897. ThispoembyJamesWhitcombRiley, appearedontheannouncementofhis death:-

-KathleenMavourneen!'Thesongis stillsinging

Asfreshand-asclearasthethrillof thebirds; Inworld-wearyheartsitissobbingand singing

Inpathostoosweetforthetenderest words.

Oh,haveweforgottentheonewhofirst breathedit,

Oh,haveweforgottenhisrapturious art, Ourmeedtothemasterwhosegenius bequeathedit!

Oh,whyartthousilent,thouvoice oftheheart?

KathleenMavourneen!Thyloverstill lingers, Thelongnightiswaning,thestars paleandfew; Thysadserenader,withtremulousfingers, Isbowedwithhistearsasthelily withdew; Theoldharp voicestringsquaver,theold isshaking, Insighsandinsobsmoanstheyearn- ingrefrain; Theoldvisiondimsandtheoldheart isbreaking.

KathleenMavourneen,inspireus again!

Saysthe"CatholicColumbian":The mosttrustworthywritersonthegreat warto-dayareHilaireBelloc,Frank Simonds,WilliamHard,andPhilip Gibbs.Therearemorepicturesque writers,weknow;butweplacelittle confidenceineitherthemortheir screeds.

CaptainYamamoto,navalattacheto theJapaneseEmbassyatRome,recentlyinAmericaonbusinessforhis Government,isoneoftheleadingCatholicsofJapan.Beforeleaving Rome.hewasreceivedinprivateaudi- encebytheHolyFather.

Inarecentaddress,Col.WilliamB. Thompson,anAmericanorator,thus describedRussiandemocracy:"Ithas mudonitsboots,haironitsface,and theloveoffreedominitsheart."

Mr.Gerard,formerAmbassadorto Germany,writesoftheeducationgiven toGermanwomen:"Germangirlsare givenagood,strong,soundeducation. Theylearnlanguages,notsmatterings ofthem.Theyareaccomplishedmusicians.Domesticsciencetheylearn fromtheirmothers.Theyaresplendidswimmers,hockeyplayers,riders andskaters.Girlsoftheworking classes,insteadofflirtingorturkey trottingatnight,makeapracticeof goingtotheTurnvereins,toexercise inthegymnasiumsthere."

CardinalMercier,ArchbishopofMalinesandPrimateofBelgium.hasbeen electedanhonorarymemberofthe RoyalSpanishAcadamyofSocialand politicalsciences,beingthefirsttoreceivethishonour.Nineotherswill bechoseninthefuture.

OnFriday,June7,attheinstanceof CardinalMercer,PrimateofBelgium, thefiftiethanniversaryoftheconsecrationofthatnationtotheSacred Heartwasobserved.TheactofconsecrationwasrenewedinSaintGudule, Brussels,inthemorning,andintheCathedral,Antwerp,intheevening.His Eminencepresidingatbothservices.

Accordingtothe"Tablet,"London, 'Francehasmobilisedbetween25,000 and30.000priests.Nearlythreefourthsofthemarefacingdeathin thetrenches.and3.000haveactually beenkilledinthewar.Everymonth

600,000Massesaresaidbythesesoldierpriestsontheluridedgeofthe greatworldwar."

DonotforgetthatinCervantes's greatproseepictheidealist,DonCruixtrideshadandisfollowedbythe realist,SanchoPanza,onhisdonkey, saysDr.JamesJ.Walsh.Alwaysin lifetheidealistridesaheadandthe manwho,likeSanchoPanza,isalways asking,"Whatisthereinthisforme?" ridesbehind.

Saysthe"CatholicTimes,"ofApril 13:"ACatholicpriest,whoseauthorityonsuchsubjectsishigh,hasput forwardargumentsagainsttheauthenticityof Popestheprophecyregardingthe commonlyattributedtoSt.Malachy;butitseemsasiftheGermans arestrivingtobringaboutthedevasta- tioninrelationtoreligionwhichthe saintispopularlysupposedtohave indicatedasasignwhichwouldbeassociatedwiththepontificateofthesuc. cessorofthePopedesignatedbythe words"ignisardens."Lastweekwe commentedonthereportthattheGermanshadputtodeathtwoSistersof MercyofSt.Elizabeth'sHospital,Antwerp.Thatbrutalcrimehasbeen followedbyanother.Inatelegram datedHavre,Thursday,the4th.inst.,anewsagencvsays:"Thefollowingfive priests-Loons,vicarofMirtele,near Louvain;Vanberghe,ofBrussels; Watiten,ofBremel;EcourteGespers, andLarcyMorlaert,ofAntwerp-were shotbytheGermanauthoritiesatAntwerponMarch16."Wecanonlyhope thatwhentheGermansaredrivenout ofBelgiumandbeatenthecriminals whoaresofreelysheddingtheblood ofmenandwomenconsecratedtothe serviceofGodinalandwherethe Germansaresimplyrobbersandplun- dererswillmeetwiththeirdeserts.It willbeagreatactofjusticeifthey- theKaiserincluded-arehangedasa warningtoothercruelmiscreants.

ThedeathhasoccurredattheHome oftheLittleSistersofthePoor,Co-bridge,NorthStaffordshire,England, ofCatherineFlanagan,at.,theageof 103.ThisoldladywasborninCoun- tyMayo,Ireland.in1815,andwasin childhoodacripple,butwascured afteravisittoSt.Winefride'sWell.She wasthefirstinmatetoentertheCo- bridgeHome,whentheLittleSisters ofthe eightPoorcametoHanleytwentyyearsago.Sheretainedher mentalfacultiestothelast.

Therewasonview,onPassionSun- day,atSt.Hilda'sCatholicChurch, Northenden.Cheshire,Englandwhat maybedescribedasauniqueWar Chalice,madefromtheChristening CupofthelateLieutenantEdward Ross,killedinactiononthe7thOc- tober.1917.AfterMrsPhilipRoss, ofLoughey-lane;Northenden,conceiv-edthebeautifulandpiousideaofhav- ingtheirson'schristeningcupconvert. edintoachalice,withasuitablein-scription,commemoratingtheirson's death.Thiswasaccordinglydone,and, furnishedwithasolidsilvergiltpaten, was topresentedbythebereavedparents theRev.FatherMauriceHaves,rec- tonofSt.Hilda'smission,forhisown personaluse,asindicatedbytheRev. Father'snameinscribedonthecase. Acceptingthegift,andspeakingfrom thepulpit,FatherHayesannouncedto thecongregationthefinaldestinationofthechalice,whenhecouldnalong- ersayMassfromit.Hetoldthepeo- plethatafterhisdeathitwastobecomethepropertyoftheSistersof Notre whoDame,Bignor-street,Manchester havebeensettledinthevillageof Northendenforacoupleofyears.

TheCathloicChurch,saystheNei Jersey"Monitor,"wasthefirsttoes tablishgratuitousteacgingandfre schools.Pre-Christianeducatorsstir roundedtheacquisitionofknowledg withobstaclesandmysteries;th

schoolsofthephilosopherswereclosed totheuninitiated;therhetoriciansand grammariansexactedheavyL11for theirlove.ButtheChurchandher leadersthrewopenthefeastofknowledgetoall,shewentoutintothehigh- waysandbywaystocompeltheindif-ferenttoenter.

SaintJohntheEvangelistissaidto haveestablishedaschoolatEphesus, SaintPolycarponeatSmyrna;inthe catacombsofSaintAgnes,sidebyside withthechapelswheretheChristians prayed,weretheschoolroomswhere thecatechumensweretaught.

DeSossifoundinthecemeteryof SaintCalixtus,theepitaphofanhumbleMagisterPrimas;!twowell-known martyre,SaintsCassianandFlavian hadbeenschoolmasters.

ThecatecheticalschoolofAlexander,foundedbyPantaenns,madeillustriousbyClementandOrigen,embracedalltheknowledgeofthetime.and wasaworthyprecursosoftheuniversitiesstilltocome.

Asfarbackasthethirdcenturyfree schoolsandlibrariesbegintoform aroundeachgrgatcathedral,and churchmensparednopainstoattach tothemselvespromisingpupilswho gaveindicationsofbecomingeminent professorsinmaturelife.

NearlyeverycityoftheOldWorld canpointtosomegreatsaintwhoinauguratedthereignofscienceinits bosom,andwho,too,trainedupsuit-ablesuccessorstocarryonandpro- pagatehiswork.

Oneofthemostnotabletriumphs scoredatarecentChoralFestivalin GlasgowwasthatachievedbyMiss LizzieMooney,astudentofNotre DameConvent,Glasgow.Inaward- ingherthefirstprizeinthejuniorclass ofsolovocalists,Dr.McNaught,the adjudicator,saidthathersingingof "Angelseverbrightandfair"surpassed anythinghehadeverheard.Such beautyofvoiceandsimplicityand charmofstyle,were,hesaid,farto seekonthesophisticatedconcertplat- form.Hehadheardtheairsungby allthegreatsingersforseveralyears, buthehadneverhearditsungsowell. Thisisnotthefirsttriumphscoredby MissMooney,whoisundersixteen yearsofage.Shewonagoldmedal inaCo-operativeCompetitiontwo yearsago.

TheRev.JamesShine,whowasdan-gerouslywoundedonApril9th,died intheMilitaryHospital,Boulogne,on the21st.Aprillast.Hewasanative ofIreland,butpendingavacancyin hisowndiocese,hadgivenhisservices sincehisordinationinthediocesesof PlymouthandDunkeld,anditwas whileactingascurateinSt.Joseph's, Dundee,thathevolunteeredasarmy chaplain.Priortogoingtothefront heservedatAldershot.wherehewasa generalfavourite,andduringhistwo yearsinFrance,-accordingtothetes- timonyoftheChaplain-General."Fa-ther Division."Shinedidexcellentworkwithhis

GeorgeRaffalovich,anUkranianand anauthorityonthehistoryofhiscoun- try,tellsthereadersoftheNewYork -Sun"thatthenamesofO'Brienand O'Rourkearestillpreservedthere. Speakingofthefreeinstitutionsofthe UkrainebeforetheCzarsubjugated thecountry,hesays: "Manypeoplewouldleavethesur- roundingcountriesandgotosettlein Ukraine.Suchnamespreservedin theUkraineasO'BrienandO'Rourke tendtoprovethatpeoplecamefrom muchfarthertosettleinthehappy land."

TheUkraineisinthesouth-western portionofRussia.Thefounderofthe O'Rourkefamily,whichMr.Raffalo- vichinformsusstillexists,wasCount O'Rourke,borninLeitrim.HebecameanofficerintheEnglisharmy, buthadtogiveuphiscommission.He ethenwenttoFrance,whereheserved underLouisXV.HegotanintroducetiontoStanislaus,KingofPoland,and eresignedhiscommissionintheFrench

armyto:serveunderStanislaus.Hem comingimpatientatthedelay,hewent toRussia,wherehebecamemajorin theCzar'sregimentofbodyguard.Rus- siaandPrussiasoonafterwardswent towar,andO'RourkedistinguishedhimselfatthesiegeofBerlin.Atthe endof expressedthewarFredericktheGreat adesiretomeetO'Rourke, towhomhepresentedadiamond-stud-dedswordHediedinRussiaabout 1782.

TheO'Briens'havebeenprominentinRussiasincetheearlypartofthe eighteenthcentury.

AnotherfamousIrishman,George Browne,wenttoRussiain1720,and wasgivenacommissioninthearmy. He paigndistinguishedhimselfinthecamagainstPoland.France.andPrus- sia,andwascreatedFieldMarshalbe- forehewas30yearsofage.Hedied in1792,andhisdescendantshaveheld highpositionsinRussia,oneofthem beingGovernorofLivoniaafewyears ago.

ButPeterLacywasundoubtedlythe greatestIrishmaninRussia.Hewas borninKilleedy,Limerick,in1678. HetooktosoldieringunderSarsfield atthematureageof12. Heserved intheIrishBrigadeinFranceand Italy.AfterthePeaceofRyswick heenteredtheRussianservice,where hereceivedrapidpromotion.In1720 heledtheRussianarmyinSweden, andattheendofthecampaignhe wasmadeGovernorofLivonia.In 1723hecommandedtheexpedition againstPoland,andenteredWarsaw intriumph.ItwasLacywhoin1742 tookpartofFinlandfromtheSwedes. Hediedin1771,ladenwithhonours andleavingalargeestatetohischil- dren.Oneofhisdescendantswasin recentyearsGovernorofRiga,while othersheldbigpositionsinAustria. IncontrasttotheseIrishmenwho rosetodistinctionassoldiersinRussia,therewasanotherDublinman, JohnField,whomadehisreputation asamusician.TheCentury"Dic- tionaryofNames"callshima"British composer."Hewasaboutas"Brit- ish"asLacyorO'Rourke.Hewasa studentofClementi,theItalianpian- istandcomposer,whomheaccompani- edtoRussiain1802. Helived20 yearsinPetrogradandtwoinMoscow,whenhemovedtoLondon. You

bytheHierarchyoftheChurchandRegisteredandertheFriendlySocieties'ActsofAastseissia± ItsWatchwordsare:RELIGION,NATIONALITY,CATHOLICITY,BENEVOLENCE. ItisessentiallyIrishandCatholic,anditSpeciallyAppealstoCatholics(salesandfemales),demandingSteil SUPPORTandALLEGIANCE.BrancheswillbeestablishedinanyLOCALITYonreceiptbytkeDIS- TRICTSECRET1RYofarequiRition

PopeandPeaceConference

ByRev.FatherClaus,intheCatholic"Times."

ThevexedquestionofthePope's righttorepresentationatthenext PeaceConferencecanbeapproached fromdifferentpointsofview;for clearness'sakeIshallconfinemyself tomereprinciples.Whatisthebasis ofthePope'slegalrighttoberepresentedatthePeaceConference?In theirattempttosolvethisquestion, someassumethatthisPapalrightcan onlybebasedeitheronhisspiritual sovereigntyoronhistemporalsovereignty.Thereis,however,amiddle term,acknowledgedbymany,viz.,his personalsovereignty,ofwhichhisspiritualpoweristhecauseandhistemporalpowerwastheguarantee.(Yves delaI3riere:"LesLuttesPresentesde l'Eglise").

SpiritualSovereignty. Howeverthespiritualsovereignty couldnotbeurgedwitheffectasa claimtorepresentation,becauseEuropeisnolongeraunitedChristendom overwhichtheHolyFathercouldpresideassuch.Manybelligerentgovernmentsarenon-Catholic,evenpagan, anddonotrecognisethespiritual claimsandpurisdictionofthePupe. Nevertheless,asallacknowledgedthe Popeasthehighestmoralauthorityon earth,manyCatholicsurgethistitle notasarightofentrytotheConference,butasanindispensableconditionforitslastingsuccess.

TemporalSovereignty.

ForCatholicsthePoperemainsde jureatemporalsovereign;morethan that,Catholicrulersactuallykeepaway fromtheso-calledcapitalofItaly; yetthistemporalsovereigntycouldde factonotbeurgedbeforenon-Catholic governments.becausethePopeisnot theactualrulingheadofapolitical State.

PersonalSovereignty.

IfthePupe'sspiritualsovereignty cannotbeurgedonreligiousgrounds, norhistemporalsovereigntyonpoliticalgrounds,thereremainshispersonalsovereignty,which,beingofa temporalorder,basedoninternational lawandrecognisedbyall,giveshimthe rightofentrytothecouncilofkings, andthePeaceConference.

(at.Thispersonalsovereigntyof thePopeisasdistinctfromhisspiritualsovereigntyascauseisfromeffect.Thespiritualprinciplefrom whichitspringsistheprimacyofthe RomanPontiff,requiringbydivinelaw personalimmunityfromalllayjurisdictionwhatsoever(Wernz:"Jusdecretalium").Thisprinciple,ofcourse, isonlyacceptedbyCatholics,butevery manhastofaceitstremendoushistoricalandsocialconsequences.Thanks tothisprimacy,thePopeisthehead ofthatuniqueinternationalChurch, whosedoctrinesandtenetsandhierarchicalorganisationaresuchthat everystatesmanmustlookuponthat Churchnotonlyasamerereligious power,butalsoasapolitico-socialpow. erineveryland;andithasalways beentotheinterestofGovernments thattheheadofthismightyempireof consciencesbeinnowaythepolitical dependentorcivilsubjectofanytem- poralruler,sothateachgovernment mayfreelytreatwithhimaswithan independentpower.If,then,thePope isnosubject,nodependentinthe-tem- poralorder.inthatsameorderheenjoysfullindependence,fulllibertyin dealingwithindividualsandnations alike.Suchajuridicalconditionand internationalpositioniscalled,inplain language,personalsovereignty;it mightevenbecalledpersonaltemporal sovereignty.Whenin1870theItalians enteredRome,VictorEmmanuelhastenedtoreassuretheEuropeanPowersthatthePopewouldnotbecome anItaliansubject,thathisperson wouldremaininviolateandsacred,that hewouldcontinuetoenjoytheprerogativesofasovereignand.befreeto treatwithsovereignsandchiefsof State;inotherwords,herobbedthe Popeofhiskingdombutnotofhis kingship;thelossofhisterritorial sovereigntyinnowayaffectedhisper- sonalsovereignty.

(b).Itisclear,then,thatthispersonalsovereigntyoftheRomanPontiffisnottobeconfusedwithhistemporal(orratherterritorialsovereignty,asitisneithercausedbynorbased onhistemporalpower;-thetemporal powerwasbutitsguarantee,itssafeguard,thePopepossesseditbeforethe riseandpossessesitstillafterthefall ofthetemporalpower;anditisthis personalprerogative,morethanthe narrowlimitsofthePapalStates,that hasmadeofthePopethegreatinternationalpowerheis.1V11,then,may weaskwithSuller:"Doyouthinkthat thePope'ssovereigntyhangsonaclod ofearth?"ItisthispersonalsovereigntyofthePopewhichisthetitle recognisedininternationallaw,thetitle which,inspiteofthefallofthetemporalpower,keepsupdiplomaticrelations,officialandofficious,temporary andpermanent,witheveryguNi_rinneitt

underthesunthetitlethatgiveshim therighttotreatwithsovereignsand tositamongstthem. ThePeaceConference. Nobodyknowswhenorwhet-sthis willtakeplace;nobodycanforetell whatwillbeitsrepresentativecharacter,orthefullnatureofitsdeliberations.IfthisConferenceisconfined tothebelligerentPowersandlimited totheirpersonalinterestsanddisputes, thenthePopewillhavenomoreright ofentrythantheneutralKingof Spain.ButthePope'sPeaceNote andPresidentWilson'sprogramme,reechoedinpartbytheCentralPowers redisarmament,arbitrationandleagueofnations,giveusreasontothink. thatthenextPeaceConferencewillassumeaninternationalandgeneral character,andtoexcludethePope fromsuchaconferencewouldbea greaterwrongthanwashisplottedexclusionfromtheinternationalconferenceofTheHague.

CourageousThoroughness

Rev.J.Kelleher,ofMaynooth,the authorofanexcellenttreatiseon"the ChurchandInterestTaking,"abook on"PrivateOwnership"andsimilar essays,concludes,intheJanuaryissue ofthe"IrishTheologicalQuarterlyReview,"aleadingarticleonthesubject of"DistributiveJustice,"forwhichhe choseDr.JohnA.Ryan'sbookofthe sametitleandbasis.

IndealingwithDr.Ryan'sclaims forpracticalmeasuresintheapplicationofthisprinciple,FatherKelleher arrivesattheconclusionthattheAmerican"authorisverymodestinhis claimsforthepracticalmeasureswhich heproposesfortheestablishmentof socialjustice."Dr.Ryan,hesays,acknowledgesthathissuggestionswill notsatisfytheaspirationsofenthusiasticreformers.Theproposedmeasures,FatherKelleherbelieves,would worktooslowly,andarenotsufficientlyfarreaching.Ofcourse,asDr. Ryanwarnsus,andasKelleherconcedes,wemustrealisethevalueof slowprogress.Itisnoinconsiderable gainifwesucceedingettingridof eventhemostglaringdefectsinour socialandeconomicsysteminthis way. Onthislatterpointbothauthors agree.YetFatherKelleherfearsthat wemaycarrycautiontoofar.He demands-andthisinterestsusmostat thistime-radicalmeasures,because heisoftheopinionthat"excessiveprudenceunderpresentcircumstancesmay befroughtwithgreatdangersthan courageousthoroughness."-Pointingto thefactthatFatherRyan'sbookwas writtenbeforetheentryoftheUnited Statesintothewar,andbeforethedisquietingconsequencesofthegreat worldconflictweregenerallyrecognised,hecontendsthat,ifthebookwere writtento-day,theauthor"would doubtlessadverttothenecessityofa moredirectandrapidmethodofsecuringjustice."Continuing,hewrites: "Workersaregoingtobemorecriticalandlesstolerantofthegrievances underwhichtheylabour,norisitlikely thattheywillbeoverscrupulousabout themeanstheyemploy,northesocial consequencesofrashness.Therewill certainlybefoundleaderswithinand withouttheirownrankstourgethem on.Theonlylikelihoodwehaveof beingabletoopposeaneffectivebarriertothealluringschemesofSocialisminitsvarious-formsisbypossessingaprogrammeourselvesofspeedy, genuineandeffectiveredress.Not thatreformsaretobeofferedmerely ascounterattractionstoSocialism andotherdangeroustendencies.Such motivesareunworthyandhypocritical. andgenerallydefeattheirownend. WhatImeanisthatatcriticaltimes likethepresent,prudenceitselfsuggeststoustoseekoutjusticebydrasticmeanswhichweshouldbeslowto adoptinnormalpeacefultimes." ItwillbewellforAmericanCatholics,especiallyfortheirintellectual andspiritualleaders.tobearinmind thecounselofferedthembyFather Kelleher.Effortsshouldbemadeto understandtherealcurrentofthought ofthemassesanditsexponents;greaterattentionthanevershouldbedirectedtowardsascertainingtheirmind, topromotetheirwelfarebysociallegislationandbyotherconstructive means.Itisnecessaryalsotorememberthatmanyoftheconditionswhich renderourproblemsmostacuteare notonlynationalbutinternational.To closeone'seyestosuchconditions wouldbefolly;fornothingismore dangerousthantobelievethat,because ofoutwardappearancesandsurface evidence,alliswellinthesocialand economicworld,whilebeneathasemblanc.,ofcontentdeep-breddiscontent isseething

Boulder

OnWednesdaynight,on'theeveof hisdeparturefortheEasternStatesby theTrans-Australianexpress,theex. presidentoftheSurfaceWorkers'Union,Mr.M.Brennan,was,withhiswife, tenderedafittingfarewellbyhisnumerousfriendsattheAllHallow'sHall. Hewaspresentedduringtheevening withahandsometravellingcase,and Mrs.Brennanwasgivenaneathandbag.Mr.J.T.Lutey,ML.A.,inmakingthepresentations,expressedtheesteeminwhichtherecipientswereheld, andwishedthemprosperityintheagriculturaldistrictsofVictoria,whither theyareproceeding.Referencewas madebythespeakertoMr.Brennan's connectionwiththeSurfaceWorkers' Unionsinceitsinception,andhisfine recordasanindustrialunionist.He hadbeenvice-presidentbeforehewas madepresident,andinbothcapacities hehaddoneallinhispowertoforward theinterestsofhisorganisationand hisfellowworkers.Theremarksof Mr.Lutes.weresuppOrtedbyMr.,J. H.Reid,andMr.J.Cawley,pastpresidentoftheHibernianSociety,of whichMr.Brennanhasbeenpresident, alsospokeinglowingtermsofthe guest'senthusiasticworkinthatorganisation.Mr.Brennansuitablyresponded,thankingthosepresentboth forhimselfandhiswife.Dancingand musicservedtomaketherestofthe eveningpassverypleasantly.Songs wererenderedbyMr.McCullochand MissAllan,andarecitationgivenby Mr.J.Reid.Mr.McCullochactedas M.0andthemusicwassuppliedby MissMcCourtandMrs.Joyce. TheadventofAllHallows'plainand fancyposterballhassetupquitea whirly-whirlofexcitement-justthe kindtoblowlifeintoone.Everybody istalkingaboutit,andnearlyeverybodyisgoing,soagratifyingsuccess seemsinevitablewhich,willbeafitting rewardfortheresponsiblecommittee, whoaresparingnoefforttomakethe functionabsolutelytheeventofthe aeason.However,weshallleavethe occasion,whichtakesplaceonAugust 29th.,tospeakforitself,andwehave nodoubtthatitwillspeakindivers tonguesofthewonderfulworks-of thoseofthe"doordie"spirit;theonly spiritwhichshakeshandswithsuccess, andhowglad.howproudweare,that AllHallows'parishcanboastsuch spirit. MissAgnesSharkeyisonleavefrom theEducationDepartment,andisat presentspendingherholidayinBoulder.

C.Y.M.Society

Theusualweeklymeetingofthe abovesocietywasheldintheroomson Wednesdayevening,the7th.inst.The President,Mr.R.J.Marmion,occupiedthechair.

Companywillpresenttheirsketch, "SherlockBones,theEffectiveDetective,"andmusicalitemswillberenderedbyindividualmembersofthe company.Everythingisbeingdone tomaketheeveningagreatsuccess.

TheCinderelladanceheldintheHibernianHallonTuesdayeveninglast wasagreatsocialandfinancialsuccess.Thecommitteedesiretothank thoseladieswhosogenerouslyassist. edtomaketheeveningsuchasuccess, alsothosewhokindlydonatedthe goodthingsforthesupper.

St.Joseph'sChurch,Subiaco

GreatworkisbeingdoneinSt.Joseph'sparish,Subiaco,aswellasinRosalie,fortheforthcomingbazaar.There isnotaweekbutthatthemembersof astallholdsomeentertainmentor otherwithaviewtoaugmentingfunds. Inthecentreofitall,andfullofinterest,andgoingforhislifeforsuccess,istheRev.FatherPhilSheridan, thepopularlocum-tenens.Itistobe hopedthebazaarwillgatherinagood sum,andthattheoutstandingdebt willbethusgreatlyreduced.Every parishionershouldactivelyparticipate inthegreatoffensive.

HibernianDramaticSociety

Throughsomepalpablemistake,the personneloftheabovetoplayatthe PrincessHall,Claremont,onTuesday evening,inaidofthelocalchurchbazaarisnci.wassomewhatconfused.The followingareassisting:ToniJones, JamesBolger,ChrissJones.JackO'Brien,VictorSatie,NormanHounslow, FrankJones,KathleenHoulihan,Dave O'Brien,MichaelRush,MenaSatie, WillLeavy.JackGaynor,HarryClarco,JimMonaghanClemNelson,Cedric Smith,JamesO'Brien,andTomGal. lagher.Thecompanyalsohastheassistanceofnumerousotherswhnwill appearatthePrincessHallFather 'Mastersonandhisenergeticcommittee arewerkinzveryhardtoeasurnthe conceitbeiogagreatsuccess.andare anticipatingeverysupportfromtheir loyalparishioners.

YoungIrelandSociety

Theusualweeklymeetingofthe YoungIrelandSicietywasheldon Mondaylast,alargeattendancebeing present.

asthereunfortunatelyisforthemin andaroundKalgoorlie,andthedetonatorscourgehasbeenresponsiblefor somehorribleaccidentslately. TheChristianBros.'Collegesports areintheair,andwillcometoearth inmid-September.Everythinginconnectionwiththemassuressuccess,and thereisonlyonedoubtfulelementtheweather.Weshallhopeforafine dayuntiltheendisknown. Peopleareputtingthegardensin orderjustnow,andmanyaremaking aspecialtyofwhiteandyellowchrysanthemumsfornextyear.Whiteand yellow(gold)arethePapalcolours, andwemusthavetheminplentyfor thevisitoftheApostolicDelegatenext year.

LittleGwenniefeltitherdutytoentertainthemanwhohadbeencalledin todosomecarpenterwork,andbegan byaskingifhehadapapaandmama. Hesaidves.Thensheaskedifhe hadanybrothersoranysisters.He repliedbysayingthathehadthree half-brothersandthreehalf-sisters. Afterlookingathimforamomentintently,shesaid:"Areyoutheonly wholeonetherewas?"

HARRYDEMOULIN

(LateGovernmentRailways), MOTORCARPROPRIETOR. Car209,AvailableDayorNight. 192ST.GEORGESTERRACE. WeddingPartiesandPicnicsa Specialty. Phone:MotorGarage,A3198.

"SocietyofSt.VincentdePaul,Western Australia"(3ncorporated)

ParticularCouncilMeetsSecond Mondaymonth,EagleChambers,Hay street,Perth.

CONFERENCES:

ImmaculateConceptionmeets ParochialHall,Archbishop's Palace,Tuesdayevenings,8.p.m. SacredHeart,Highgate,Parochial Hall,Sunday,11a.m.

St.Brigid's,WestPerth,Convent Schoolroom,Tuesday,8p.m.

St.Joseph's,Subiaco,Vestry,after lastMass. StarofSea,Cottesloe,Vestry,after lastMass.

St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark,Vestry,afterlastMass.

Irishnational'forester's ASOCIETYFORIRISHMEN.

Afurtherhandsomeadditiontothe libraryhasbeenmadeintheformof twobeautifullyboundvolumesof"The EncyclopediaofWesternAustralia." ThedonorinthiscaseisMr.Conway, ofGeraldton.WebegtothankMr. Conwayforhisgenerousgift,andespeciallyforthespiritinwhichitwas given.Thespecialbusinessoftheevening wasalecturebyMr.A.T.Kirkpatrick, entitled''ThoughtandApplication." Thelecturertraversedthevariouseffectsthatthoughthasonthehuman characterandonthedifferentgrades ofmenineverydaylife.Thestudy ofapplicationwasmainlytakenupby adiscussionofthesubjectofeconomics.Mr.Kirkpatrickalsoshowed clearlytheunderlyingprinciplesof currency,andincidentallytracedthe originofpromissorynotesandcheques. Thelecturerpaidspecialattentionto applicationasfarasiteffectstheorganisingpowers'ofmen,andconcluded= thelecturebyadescriptionofbusiness administration:Therecanbeno doubtthatthesubjectwaswellselectedasspeciallysuitedfordeliveryto membersofayoungmen'ssociety,and thesoundadvicetenderedcanwithad. vantagebepractisedbyeverymember, youngorold.Attheconclusionof thelecture.aheartyvoteofthanks wascarriedwithacclamation.Inreply.Mr.Kirkpatrickthankedmembers forthecordialreceptiohgiven-him, andstatedthathewaswellpleased withtheresultsofthelecturebyinspiringtothoughtathoughtfulpresident.

Regardingfuturelectures,itmight bestatedthatitistheintentionofthe societytoinviteallCatholicmento attend,inorderthatthelecturesmay bepopularisedandthebenefitsthereof sharedbyalargercircleofCatholic manhood. Theharriersdesireittobeknown thattheyareholdingaruneveryMondayevening.

NextWednesdayevening'sspecial businessisamusicalanddramatic night.inthehandsofMr.F.Murphy. ThemembersoftheCostumeComedy

Twenty-sixnewmemberswereelected. Attheconclusionofthegeneral businessaninterestingaddressonthe presentpositioninIrelandwasgiven byMr.J.P.Doheny,whowasaccordedaheartyvoteofthanks.onthemotionofMr.J.Healy,secondedbyRev. FatherO'Grady. TheSocietyintendsholdingagrand All-IrishConcertonWednesday,the Pith.;nst.Asplendidprogrammeis beingarranged,andnoeffortisbeing sparedtomaketheconcertahugesuccess. OnWednesdaylasttheusualmonthlysocialanddancewasheld,andit wasasusualagiganticsuccess.SenatorNeedhamwaspresentduringthe evening,andwasaccordedahearty welcome.Inreplying,SenatorNeedhamstatedthathewaspleasedtobe presentatafunctionoftheYoung IrelandSociety,ofwhichhewasa memberinhisyoungdays.

Kalgoorlie

ThePiccadillyendofSt.Mary'sparishisrodio-activejustnow,andallits activitieshaveinviewtheplacingof itsqueeninthahighestplaceatthe long-threatenedcarnival.

TheChildrenofMaryareallworking withbothhandsandadetermination thatis-fittomake"silkpursesoutof sows'ears."Butthereisnoneedfor themtousesuchunpromisingrawmaterial,forthereareotherelements,and thequeenoftheirchoiceislikelyto regardthelandscapefromaverydazzlingalpineheight.

FatherDeCdurcey,C.SS.R.,celebrated10o'clockMasslastSunday,and preachedonatextfromtheday'sepis. tee,''OursufficiencyisfromGod."He drewanadmirablepictureofhumanity sinkinglikeSt.Peterinthewater,and thehelpofGodupliftingatthecallof prayer,theChristianwhoseweakness hasallGod'sstrengthtoleanonfor theasking. TherewereMassesinallthechurches ontheFeastoftheAssumption,and allwerewellattended.

ThefirstaidclassattheChristian Bros.'Collegeisstrivinghardtobecomeefficientintheartofknowingone bonefromanother,andminoraccidents willinfuturemakelessstirinour midst.

Itisaruinousstateofthingsthat firstaidclassesshouldhavesuchscope

St.Patrick's,Fremantle,Presbytery,Monday,8p.m.

St.Anne's,NorthFremantle,Presbytery,Sunday,afterlastMass.

St.Mary'sKalgoorlie,Schoolroom,10.15,afterMass.

St.Patrick's,York,School,after eveningdevotions.

St.Patrick's,Maylands,Tuesday, 8p.m.

St.Joseph's,Albany,Sunday,after Mass.

St.Patrick's,Meckering,Sunday, afterMass. Societyappealsforclothingforthe needy,suchasclothes,bootsaridshoes, whichwillbegiventodeservingcases only.ParcelsmaybeleftatShine, CatholicBookDepot,ornotesent Secretary,ParticularCouncilof Society.

MountSt.Joseph's

BOARDINGANDDAY110K003. YORKST.,SOUTHPERTI. ConductedbytheSistersof.IL Joseph. ThisBoardingSchooliseitaatedis oneofthemostattractiveandhealthy suburbsofPerth,andcommandsa delightfulviewoftheSwanRiverand City.Theviewfromtheupperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque.Thegroundsare ample,andwelllaidout.

Fordelightfulsituation,beautiful scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St Joseph'sstandsunrivalled.

Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofathoroughEnglisheduce tion,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical Culture,Drawing,Painting,Music,and Needlework. Specialfacilitiesareofferedtopupils desirousoffollowingacommercial courseinStenography,Typewriting. andBookkeeping. PupilsarepreparedfortheUniver. sity,CommercialandMusicalExam inations. ThehealthandcomfortofthechildrenconfidedtothemarecarefullyattendedtobytheSisters, Forfurtherparticularsapplytothe SISTERSI7PERIU1f Mt.St.Joseph'sConvent, SouthPerth. Tel.U9.

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison.prorrietor.SwanBeeronly That'sall.

OurVictorianLetter

Icouldwriteyouforhoursandhours ofthehappeningsofthelastfewweeks. ButIdarenotgobackmorethana week,forthatincludesmylecturein theTownHallatwhichHisGracethe Archbishoppresided.HisGraCe'sremarksatOakleigh,atKensington,at NorthFitzroy,andatanAll-IrishconcertlastnightattheAuditorium-a concertwhichHisGracehimselfput downasoneoftheveryfinesthehad everbeenprivilegedtolistento.And then,therewastheOathedralHalllecturetonon-Catholics,onMondaylast. onthe"Mass,"byFatherO'Connell,of Brunswick. MylectureattheTownHallexceededallexpectations.Before6o'clock therewasacrowdinfrontoftheHall, andwhentheArchbishoparrivedthe placewaspacked.Bytheway,itcost me£119s.forbrokenchairsatthatpar. ticularmoment,butIneverenjoyed payingforanythinginmylifeasIdid forthosechairs.AfterthelectureHis Gracespokeforsometenminutes,and whenhespokeofmyreferencetodear oldWill,thereweremanyeyesmoist. Yettheywereonlyafewwordsheuttered.Whatisitabouthimthat gripsone?Wecan'texpressit.Outwardlyheappearstobecoldandforbidding,exceptwhenhesmiles.And whenhespeaks,slowlyanddeliberatelyalways,andinanevenvoice,with nodisplayofhands,thewordssink intooneandseemtostrikechords thatreverberatethroughandthrough. Itisamusingtocontrastthe"help" IreceivedfromtheGovernmentandMunicipalAuthoritiesinthisefforttorepatriate myselfwiththerealhelpI receivedfromHisGrace.The Government,whichischarged withthedutyofrepatriating thereturnedsoldier,"helped" mebyimposingan"Amusement"Tax-inotherwords they"fined"meforattempting tohelpmyself.TheMelbourne CityCouncil"helped"meby refusingtomakeapennyreductiononthehireofthe TownHall(112i.and,ontop ofthat,telephonedmeonthe daypriortothelecturedemandingthatanadditional sumof£10bedepositedimmediatelyunderpainofcancellationoftheHall.Thiswasin caseofanybreakages-what acomplimenttoHisGrace! Theyknewthat!.itverypre;elitewouldbringthousands. Now,inviewofthesekicks thatIreceivedfromthese two"loyal"bodies,whathelp could1exptCifromsucha"disloyal"and"Unpatriotic"pet:i;:: asDr.Mannix?Youknow what1didget-notonly 1.1'.!:Presencein,thechair,notbnlythe hugeattendancethathispresenceattracted,butachecniefor£5towards theAmusementTax.The"Argus" refusedtopublishmyletterrethe "help"theGovernmentandtheMelbourneCityCouncilgaveme(the "Age"did).Butcanyouimagine whatthissame"Argus"wouldhavedonehadHisGrace,likethosetwo bodies,demandedhispoundoffleshin theshapeofadonationforpresiding atthelecture?Aspecialeditionwould nothavecoveredit.

ryingoffafewplumsattheexams. here.Justrecentlyexaminations wereheldformilitaryandnavalstaff clerks.Forthemilitaryclerkships theChristianBrothersatNorthMelbournesecured1st.,2nd.,3rd.,5th.,6th.. 7th.and8th.places!Sevenplaces outof8.Forthenavalclerkships,out of250,thefollowingplacesweresecuredinthefirst20:3rd.,8th9th.,10th., 16th.,17th.,18th.,and19th.Somerecord!Iwastalkingofthistooneof thestudentshere,andheinformedme thatArchbishopMannixisthe13thOld ChristianBrothers'boytobeelevated totheEpiscopateinAustralia. ThelasttwoCathedralHalllectures wereveryfineindeed.One,byFather Boylan,S.J.,on"OurBlessedLady." wassimplyrushed.At5.30therewere afewdozeninthestreets;at6pm. severalhundred.Wewentupspeciallytoseethem.Itwassobeautifullydeliveredandinsuchexquisite languagethateventheReverendRuth couldnotfinditinhishearttopick ittopieces.Hiscriticismofitfairly amountedto"Boo-hoo,youstolemy beliefs."

LastMondaynight,FatherO'Connell,ofBrunswick.lecturedonthe Mass,anditwasaneducationforall ofus.Hisquotationswereextraordinarilystriking.Thelastonewas terrific:.,"Inconclusion,"hesaid."I haveonemorequotationtogive.I willnotcommentonit.Iwillnot eventellyouwhoitisthatspokethe wordsIamgoingtoread-untilIhave

read-certainlyIhaveneverheard anythingapproachingsuchatribute. Exceptforthefrequentoutburstsof applause,hewasgiventheextraordinarystillnessthatonlytheArchbishop --and,Ibelieve,FatherLockingtoncommands.Justonequotationhere: "Iwanttoaddressawordortwoto myfellownon-Catholicshere-those non-Catholicswho,likeme,havebeen attendingthesebeautifullectures."he said."Wehaveheardtheteachings oftheCatholicChurchexpoundedin beautifullanguagewhichwasatthe sametimeunderstoodbyall.There hasbeennoequivocation,nohidingof facts.Infaceofthis,isitnottime thatwe,whoareoutsideofthisgreat Church,gaveupourpolicyofnegatives andsetforthapolicyofaffirmativesornoneatall?Ifwecannotseeour waycleartoenteringthisgreatChurch, atleastletusdoourutmosttosilence thosepeoplewhoarecaluminatingthe wonderfulworksheisdoing,andwho arevillifyingthosenoblemenandwomenwhohavedevotedtheirwhole livestobetteringtheworldandto bringingintothelivesofthepoorsome ofthejoyandpleasuresoflife."It wasallwonderful,theeffectofhis wordselectrical,andHisGrace,onrising,declaredthathehadnointention ofspeakingmorethanafewwords, becausehewishedeveryoneinthe Halltogoawaywiththebeautiful wordsandsentimentsofMr.Hargreavesringingintheirearsandgoing downintotheirverysouls. Goodnessknowswhen1willstop writing.Ihaven'tcometotheArchbishopyet,andIwanttotellyouof

thenowJesuitpriesthastogoback, nomatterwhatpositionheholds,to menialwork,andattheendofthat time,after17yearsoftraining,heem. ergesthefinishedarticle.NowondertheJesuitcanholdhisown.No wonderheishatedbythosewhoare foreverbringingupthesameoldbogies thathavedonedutydowntheagesto frightentheunbalancedandill-educated.Nowonder,too,thatnomatter theserviceorthemeetingatSt.IgnatiusChurch,theMelbournehomeof theJesuits.onehastogoearlyorrun theriskofstandingthroughout,often ofstandingoutside. AfterBenedictionwecalledon FatherLockingtonandhadamostdelightfultwentyminutes'conversation. Ofcourse,heisonlyayoungmandespitehis17yearsoftraining-and onehastosmilehardandsmilelong whenonethinksofthistall,younglooking,smiling-facedpriest,andreads ofthe"dreadful"powerhewields.I wouldliketotellyousomeofthe thingsthatweresaidabouttheJesuits latelyatanOrange"social."But spaceisshort,andbesidesyouwill enjoyitbetterifIquoteyouwhatthe Archbishopsaidinregardtothat"social"whenheopenedRichmondBazaaracoupleofweeksago:-

"Iwasreadingquiterecentlyaccountsofseveralmeetingsheldinthe countryinpreparationforthe12th ofJuly(Laughter).Theywere tuninguptheirrancousorchestrato theusual12thofJulypitch(Applause).Specialattacksweremade, upontheJesuitto-day,Oneparticularlyilluminatinggentleman saidthattheBritishGovernmentwasunderthecontrol oftheRedmondites;theRedmonditesweredominatedby theCatholicBishopsofIreland;theywereruledbythe Pope;thePopehimselfwas underthethumboftheJes. uits;andtheJesuitswere wereruled,asfaraslawless mencouldberuled,bythe manwhowascalledthe 'BlackPope,'thegeneralof theJesuits;and,worstofall, that'BlackPope'wasaGermanPrince!(Laughter.)

4:

Mr.CyrilBryan,aWestralianreturnedsoldier,battlingforthemeanstoexistinthegreat "loyal"cityofMelbourne,waspenalisedbythosemarvellouspeoplewhowanttowinthewar byproxy.Oneofhistruefriendsontheoccasionhappenstobe''thatman,Mannix,"asthe whiningnonentiieswouldwriteit.TheBryanfamilyhasbeenafamilyofsoldiers.No Westralianneedstobetoldso.Theabovepictureshowswithastrokeofthepenthegreat Archbishop'swayofsquaringaccountswiththebiassedhumbugswhosepetambitionisto creatediscordbetweencitizensofthisfreeland.

IhavehadHisGrace'schequephotographed.andareprintisinthisweek's "Advocate."Whencashed,thecheque istobereturnedtome,and,together withHisGrace'sfinelettertome.and theTownHallaccountfor 19s.for "brokenchairs,"willbeframedasa memento. Imustnotforgettotellyouthat BrotherCulliganandBrotherMachin, whotaughtdearoldWillandmyself attheCollegeinPerth,werebothpresentattheTownHall.Thisreminds methattheChristianBrothersarecar-

readit."Andthenhereadit.Conceive,ifyoucan,themagiceffectof hisstatementafterreadingthisquotation,thattheywerethewordsofKing HenrytheEighthofEngland!But FatherO'Connellwasnottheonlyjeweloftheevening.AMr.Hargreaveswascalledontomovethecustomaryvoteofthanks.Firstheexpressedhisthanksforthehonourdone himinthusbeingallowedtoexpress inhisownwords.Hewasamostpoi. ishedspeaker,hisvoicerollinglikean organ,andhispresencewasacommandingone.Afterhisopening words,hepausedforamoment,and thenveryslowlyanddramaticallyhe said,"Iamanon-Catholic"!Itwas extraordinarytonotwhatfollowed. Everybodyseemedtositupstraight, takealongbreath,andthengivevent tothefullstrengthoflungs.They raisedtheroof,almost.Thespeaker musthavebeentakenabackatthe startlingsuddennessofit,butitwas onlythepreludetooneofthemost beautifulandmosttouchingtributes totheCatholicChurchthatIhaveever

anothergreattreatweMelbournepeoplehadonSundaylastatSt.Ignatius Church,Richmond,whenFatherLockingtondeliveredapanegyriconSt.Ig. natius,founderoftheJesuits.The churchwaspacked,crammed,jammed; sittingandstanding.andblockingthe doorwaysandaisles.FatherLockingtongaveusthestoryofSt.IgnatiusandthestoryoftheJesuits;of theirpersecution,oftheirdissolution (asanOrder)bythePope,oftheirreestablishmentasanOrder,oftheir workinChina,ontheYukon,inSouth America,inIndia-allovertheworld. AndhetoldushowaJesuitwastrained.Histrainingisspreadover17 years.Forthefirsttwoyearsheisa probationer.atlibertytoleaveatany moment,andliabletobetoldtoleave ifhedoesnotcomeuptothestandard setbyhissuperiors.Thenfollowsa periodoffiveyearsteachingandbeing taught,butheisnotapriestasyet. Afterthishestudiesinearnestforthe priesthood-anothersevenyears-at theendofwhichheisordained.But nowfollowsanotheryear,duringwhich

-Thisisthekindofstuffthat isconsideredgoodenough forthese12thofJuly'PleasantSundayAfternoon Meetings'(Laughter)." Afterthisyoucanimagine howkeenIwastobeinwith FatherLockington.He'sa prettydangerouscustomerto fallfoulof.Bytheway,what adreadfuldayiscomingfor Australia,whenwewillhave thousandsofourprofessional menwhohavebeenthrough thehandsoftheJesuitsat NewmanCollege!Thisis mattertobelegislatedagainst. Ihavejustcaughtsightofthesheets ofpaperthatlaybesideme.AndI haven'tsaidawordyet-sotospeak-ofths,onewhomyouintheWestdesiretoknowmostof-andwhomIdesiretospeakmostof!Ileftthis tilllast,knowingthatonceIletmy -fengointhatdirectiontherewould benoholdingit.Exactlywhereto start,Idon'tknow,soletmecompromise.IwouldlikevouallinWestern. AustraliatoreadALLHisGracehas saidinthelastfortnight-infactyou aremissingsomeoftherichestintellectualtreatsthatwereeverwithin yourgraspifyoudon'tmakeapoint ofreadingHisGrape'sownwords,not onlyduringthepastfortnight,butthe pasttwoyears.Ihaverecentlybeen lookingbackthroughthem.Hiseloquence,hisreadywit,theplayfuland yetscorchingly-ironicalmannerin whichheplayswiththepuny-minded foolswhoattempttocrossswords withhim,makeonescream.Nota speechistoooldtoread,notalinebut hasabiteforsomeone.ButIpar-

ticularlyrequestthatthe"Record" printthespeechdeliveredatNorth FitzroyfeteonSaturdayafternoon last.[Thespeechwillbepublishedin nextweek'sissueofthe"Record".Ed.1Youwillbemovedtohearty' laughterbythemerereadingofit. Justthink,,then,howwescreamedat hearingthewords*utteredinthatde lightfullydrywaysthattheArchbishophas.Iwantthe"Record"to printitasitstands,eerylineofit, theviewsoftheProtestantPrimateof IrelandontheIrishquestionandthe Pope,theattitudeofPresidentWoodrowWilsontowardstheCatholic Church,thecommentsofHisGrace onLordLandsdowne'sspeechlast week,and,aswell,hisrailleryabout KingGeorgeV.notknowingwhatso manypeopleinVictoriaknowsowell -thatthePope,towhomhesentthe PrinceofWalestoconveyhisrespects, ishisdeadlyenemyandishelping Germanytowinthewar.Oneshaft onlywill1quotehere: "HerewehaveLordLandsdowne," hesaid."whoisactuallyinLondon, rightatthecentreofEmpire,andhe asksMr.LloydGeorgetotellhim whatwearefightingfor!Greatman asheis,andlivingrightonthespot ashedoes,heyetdoesnotknow whatwearefightingfor.Ofcourse, hehasnottheadvantageswepossess hereinMelbourne.Hehasnotthe dailypapers,aswehave,totellhim whathewantstoknow.Whata pitysomeonedoesnotsendhimthe 'Argus'!" Iwasjustgoingtoclosethisepistle whenIbethoughtmeofaparagraph into-day's"Age."AProtestantFed*eration hasbeenformed,itappears, andthefirstconferencehasbeenheld atBallarat.Yesterdayitdecided:

1.-ExaminationsshouldbeabolishedforentrancetotheGovernmentservice.(Theywerehorrified,apparently,atthesuccessesgainedbytheChristianBrothersatthemilitaryandnaval staffclerks'examinationthatIreferredtojustabove.)

2.-PublicservantsshouldtakeaspecialoathofloyaltytotheKing! 3.-St.Patrick'sDayshouldbeprohibitedasaholiday!(Theycan'tforgettheenormousdemonstrationhere lastMarchtheSeventeenth.'

purestIrishnationalsentiment,as strong,ifnotstroneer,thancouldbe teundinHolyIreland.Itwasadeeplyinspiringandinterestingscenethat metthegazeasoneenteredbythe maindoor.Massedintiersonthe southgallerywerethenembersofthe CatholicChoralSociety,thechaste, whitecostumesofthelademembers makingapleasingcontrasttothesombredressoftheoppositesex.Look whichwayonemight,therewasnothingbutaseaoffaces,over6,000eyes, filledwithexpectancy,awaitingthe longed-forarrivaloftheArchbishop, whoseentrancewassignalledbyatremendousoutburstofenthusiastic cheers,whichcontinuedasthemost rev.prelate,accompaniedbymembers oftheclergy,proceededtothereservedseatinfrontofthedais.Aking mightwellenvyhisreceptionatthe handsofthosethousandsofyoung andold,ofeverynation,andofevery creed,orofnocreed."

HisDeparture.

"HisGracereviewedatsomelength thestateofIreland,andtheninvited alltojoinwithhiminsingingthat beautifullittlesong,'GodSaveIreland.'Thewholeaudienceroseand joinedinthechoruswithaheartand ahalf,andconcludedwithcheersfor hisGrace.

"AshisGraceproceededthroughthe halltheaudiencecheeredhimtothe echo,suchexpressionsas'Godbless yourGrace!'camefromthelipsof 'morethanone,andasthemostrev. prelateemergedintothestreetthere wasasceneofunparalleledenthusiasm. Aseaofhumanityebbedandflowed, stretchingrightacrossCollins-street, andsalvoesofenthusiasticcheersrent theair.Amidstthisremarkablescene hisGraceleftbymotorfor'Raheen.'"

PlainandfancyDressBall atlarrandale

artandscience.Theschoolfollowed thechurch,andwehaveproofswithoutnumberofthezealwithwhich Popesandprelateslabouredtobringeducationwithinthereachofall.

UndertheauspicesoftheCatholic ChurchIrelandbecameonevastschool, towhichstudentsfromBritainandthe continentflockedtoreceivewhatthere wasofknowledgeinthatage,along withChristianity.TheIrishmissionariesbroughtthe lightofeducationtoSaxons,Franks, andGermans,layingtoalargeextent thefoundationsoftheEuropeanlearningofwhichweboastto-day.

Thegreatestandoldestuniversities ofEuropereceivedtheirchartersfrom thePopes,althoughsomeofthemhad beenimportantseatsoflearningfor agesbeforebeinzformallydeclaredto beuniversities,asforexamplethose ofParis,Oxford,andBologna. SaintAndrew's,theScottishuniversity,wasfoundedbyaCatholic Bishop,andcharteredbyPopeBenedictXIII.W'henthedesireforeducationbecamemoregeneraluniversitieswerefoundedbyemperorsand kingsandbycommunities,asnecessioftheState. Uptothetimeoftheso-called"Reformation,"thiscompetitionineducationhavingbeenprimarilyinspiredby theexampleoftheChurch,theseuniversitiesacknowledgedhersupremacy inreligion,sought,andreceivedher sanction.

Glanville'sLemonHeadachePowders,

TheGreatAustralianRemedyfor InstantReliefandSpeedyCureofall Headaches,Neuralgia,Toothache,and Influenza,Rheumatism,Sciatica,1,11111bago,etc,etc.Price,is9dperbox,or 3deachpowder.

H.C.GLANVILLE,M.P.S.,Tel197, Marketstreet,Fremantle,TwoDoor. fromPostOffice.

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly That'sall.

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Telephone,£3373.

S.BEECROFT

BUTCHER, 181ROKEBYROAD,BUDIA06, ONLYPRIMEFRESHKUaLltr MEATSOLD.

MissM.McMAHON

HasREMOVEDto32PIERSTREET (nearHaystreet),whereshewillbe pleasedtomeethernumerousfriends, andcatertotheirwants. ChoicestPastry,Fruits,andGoateetionery.DeliciousLuncheons. CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.

MOANACAFE

4.-Itshouldbeacriminaloffence foranyRomanCatholicpriesttotell thepartiestoamixedmarriagethat theyarelivinginastateofadultery unlessaCatholicpriestmarriesthem. (WhatmemoriesofNeTemere! Afterthisyouwillnotbesurprised toknowthattheycarriedamotionexpressingtheir"unswervingloyalty," sang"GodSavetheKing."andadjournedtillnextyear. Melbourneissimplysizzlingjustnow withonethingandanother.TobeginwithCapt.GeorgeBurkett(late ofW.A.'launchedtheLibertyLeaguetofightwowserism.Dr.Mannix gaveithisblessingandinatwinkling uprosetheStrength-of-EmpireMovement.Twoofthe"aims"ofthelatterwillsufficetoshowyouwhatsort ofashowitis.Itisouttodown 'der-rink"bymeansofProhibition, anditwantstostopthespreadofvenerealdisease!GoodLord!Asif-the restofuswanttoseeV.D.spread. Anyhowtheyarewowsersofthedeepesthue,andyouwilljustscreamto hearthattheyhavegottheMinister toprohibitCaptainBurkettfromappearingontherecruitingplatformin hisprivatecapacityonthegrounds thatbysodoingheisprejudicingrecruiting!What,.Georgetoldmethis Iroared!Butitistrue;hehasstateditpublicly.Healsochallenged Greenwood,M.L.A.,whoisrunningthe Strength-of-Empirecrowdtoenlist. butGreenwoodcan'tgetanybodyto managehisbusinessandstaffof200 employees!Heisayoungman.in thethirties,andagoodspecimenof manhood.Well,ontopofthesetwo organisations.wenowhavetheProtestantFederation,sowecanlookforwardtoagreattimeofit.

Oneoftheeventsoftheseasonin themill-townwasaplainandfancy dressball,whichtookplaceintheMechanics'InstitutelastFridayevening. Thecommittee,underthedirectionof itspopularchairman.Mr.TedMcKenna,andMr.T.Hanrahan,hon.secretary,workedmostenthusiastically. AmongthecommitteewhoworkedexceptionallyhardwereMesdamesAleKenna,Hanrahan,Worth,MissesMsKennaandRonan.Mr.PatHegney madeanexcellentM.C.,whileMessrs. Kirwan.Bonita,andMcKennaswabbedupeveryavailablesixpenceintheir raffleenterprises. Therewasliterallyacrowdedhouse, eventhemetropoliswasmagnificently represented.MesdamesGuilfoyleactingasjudgesofthefancydresscostumes.Theprizeswentto"TheOld Sundowner."acharacterwellrepresentedbyMissRogers.MissReneCoslainwontheladiesprizeinherpretty Carnivalcostume.Aspecialprizeof ElwasawardedtotheArabSet,which wasoneofthefinestdisplayswehave everseen.Thepersonneloftheset were:MesdamesRobinson,Cook,Lewis,andMissM.Rigby;Messrs.Robinson,Miller,Mee,andRigby.The musicwasdelightfullysuppliedby Airs.Reeves,whowasassistedbyMiss CostianandMr.J.O'Neill.Altogether thefunctionwasagreatsuccess.The hallwasbeautifullydecorated,the tablesgroanedwithluxuries,andall wentmerryasamarriagebell,

TheWorld'sBenefactor ART,SCIENCE,ANDEDUCATION

FOSTEREDBYTHECHURCH.

HAYSTRAZTPERTH. ForAfternoonTeaandSuppen. BeautifullyAppointedandTastefully Served. THETHIN

Ihaven'tseentheReverendRuth's advertisementfornextSundayvet. ButoneenterprisingpersonlastSundaytriedtoenticesinnerstohistemplebyadvertisingthathewouldpreach on"Themanwiththeoilcan"!Ruth willhavetolooktohislaurels. Itwouldbeapitynottosayaword abouttheAll-IrishConcertonthe TuesdaynightintheAuditorium.It wasmagnificentasaconcert,andasa demonstrationoftheholdtheArchbishophasonhispeople.Fromthe "Advocate"Iquotesmallpars.ofhis arrivalanddeparture.Youcanfill intherestyourselves:ArrivalofHisGrace. -"Thefinehalllooked-atitsbestvsdertheplayoftheelectriclight, thegeneraleffectwasenhancedbytl presenceofthePapalflag,theIn flag,andthe.Australia,:flag. ingracefulfoldsfromtl,ebalconies. Morethanoneminiaturssishfla:was waved.AshisGracetheArchisist,op remarkedinhistineIrishspeechata laterstagedurine theatmosphereofthsI. .vasredolentof

BecausetheChurchhassoughtfirst the'KingdomofGodandHisJustice,"itdoesnotfollowthatshehas neglectedthosethingswhichledtothe welfareandcomfortofman'stemporal life,says"K.C.,"in"TheTrueVoice." Onthecontrary,herhistoryisthehistoryofChristiancivilisation.She foundtheworldpaganandshemade itChristian. -

Then,whenthebarbariansswarmed downfromthenorthanduprooted everyvestigeofGreekandRomancivilisation,leavinganintellectualdesert fromtheshoresofIrelapdtothesuburbsofRume,shetookthesenewp.a. gansinhand,andinthemrenewedthe oldercivilisation,purifiedandennoKed bythedoctrinesandpracticesofChris. tianity. Sheproclaimednotonlythatallmen areequalbeforeGodandchildrenin JesusChrist,butthatwomanwasthe equalofman.Shefoundwomande'-'1bythepaganworld,bycultured andRomeaswellasbythe is.Sheliftedheruptobe thesolepartnerofherhusband,and theundisputedqueenofherhousehold. Butthatwasfarfrombeingthe nitofherbenefactions.Inthemidis,acs.-Ind,ineveryage,thePopes' has,1 theroostliberalpatronsof

DR.CHARLESG.PEASETAKESTHENEXTSTEP.

ONJULY26th,1917,DR.CHARLESG.PEASE,PRESIDENTOF THE

TOBACCOBEPROHIBITED.

DR.PEASEALSOOBJECTEDTOTHEREDCROSSSENDING CIGARSANDCIGARETTESTOSOLDIERSANDNURSES.

DR.PEASESAID:-

"ONEMEMBEROFTHISSOCIIVWASAREDCROSSWORKER FORTWOYEARS,ANDNOWREF.LSESTODOANYMOREWORK FORASOCIETYWHICHSPENDSMONEYONTOBACCO.

"INGERMANY,IUNDERSTAND,THEGOVERNMENTISSUPPLYINGCABBAGELEAFCIGARSTOSATISFYTHESOLDIERS' CRAVINGFORTOBACCO.THISIDONOTOBJECTTO."

YouSall;"Well,that'stheLimit."

FIRSTOURBEVERAGE,ANDNOWOURTOBACCO.

WhatNext?

Wherewilltheyslop?

NOONEONEARTHKNOWSWHERETHEYWILLSTOP.ALL WEARESUREOFATPRESENTISTHAT"TM°ISONLYASTART." PROHIBITIONISTSARENOTSEEKINGPROHIBITIONTOWIN THEWAR,BUTTHEYAREUSINGTHEWARTOGETPROHIBITION.

(AuthorisedbytheBusinessMen'sCommittee,No.1.1

neatA1471.

G.E.DINES PianoandOrganTuner, 955HAYSTREET.

MISST.I.O'CONNOR,A.T.O.L., 45Cleaverstreet,WestPerth, TeacherofPianoforte,Violin,and PipeOrgan. TERMSONAPPLICATION.

MissO'Connorispreparedtotake PupilsforthePipeOrgan.

MissMERCIASCOTT

TeacherofLatestBallroomandFancy Dancingat "ABBOTSFORD," 118Aberdeenstreet,WestPerth. Adults'Class,Mondayevening, 1p.m.,andChildren'sClass,Saturday morningat10.30.

Adults'Class,Wednesdayevening, LibraryHall,VictoriaPark,at8p.m. AlexandraHall,CottesloeBeach: Children'sClass,Tuesday,4p.m.; Adults'Class.Tuesday,8p.m. PrivateLessonsmaybehadby appointment.

CONVENT01MERCY, TOODYAY.

First-classDayandBoardingSchool forYoungLadies,conductedbythe SistersofMercy. TheSistersalsoconductanother School,whereBoysarereceivedas Boardersfromsixyearsupwards. ProspectusesofeitherSchool,with fullinformation,maybehadfrom THESISTERINCHARGE.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETYOF WESTERNAUSTRALIA. UnderthePatronageofHisGracethe Archbishop. Objects:ThestudyoftheLanguage, Music,History,Literature,andDancingofIreland,andtherevivalofthe idealsofanIrish-Ireland. MEETSeveryMONDAYat8p.m. inSociety'sRooms,over"WA. Record"Office,Murraystreet. MonthlySubscription:Ladiesand Juveniles,6d:Gentlemen,ls. T.Slattery,Pres.D.J.O'Leary,Hon. Sec.

GRANDPLAIN&FANCYDRESS BALL, InAidoftheSt.Vincent'sStall,at HIBERNIANHALL,MURRAY-ST., MONDAY,AUGUST19th. Children,8to10;Adults,10to12. GoodPrizes. GoodRefreshments, Tickets,Is. MRS.FRASER, MRS.FURLONG, Hon.Secretaries.

EUCHREPARTY&DANCE. InAidofSacredHeartSchool,HighgateHill. TobeHeldat McLEOD'SHALL,MT.LAWLEY, OnMONDAY,AUGUST19th.

CashPrizes.Refreshments.GoodMusic. MRS.BOND, Hon.Secretary.

EUCHREPARTY&DANCE.

HIBERNIANHALL,MURRAY

GRANDPLAIN&FANCYDRESS BALL. UnderPatronageC.Y.M.S.

HIBERNIANHALL, TUESDAY,AUGUST27th. InAidofSt.VincentDePaulStall CathedralBazaar. Tickets,2/6. Mrs.Miller,Pianiste. J.EVERT, L.TOWNSEND, Secretaries.'

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETY.

ALL-IRISHCONCERT. WEDNESDAY,AUGUST28th.

HIBERNIANHALL.

FurtherParticularsinaLaterIssue.

D.J.O'LEARY, Hon.Secretary.

MARRIAGE.

HAYES-O'HALLORAN(SilverWed.

dingOnAugust15th,!893,at theChurchoftheSacredHeart, BrokenHill,N.S.W.,bytheRev. PhilipShore,EdmundHayes,Co. Cork,IrelandtoBridget,daughter oflateMatthewO'Halloran,BrokenHillandSouthAustralia.Presentaddress:21Orient-street,Fremantle.

INMEMORIAM.

McINERNEY.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulofthe lateJamesAlexanderMcInerney, 51stBattalion(late10-11),who waskilledinactionsomewherein FranceonAugust15th.1916;aged 24yearsand9months.

SacredHeartofJesus.havemercyon hissoul. -Insertedbyhisfather,mother,and sister,Naomi.

REIDY.-InlovingmemoryofJohn CarrickReidy,whoseanniversary occursonAugust17th,andwho diedatBunbury.

SacredHeartofJesus.havemercyon hissoul.Catholicreaderspray forhim. -Insertedbyhislovingwife,J.M. Reidy.Bunbury. STACK-Ofyourcharity,prayfor therepose thesoulofEdward Stack,whodepartedthislifeon August14th,1917.R.I.P. -Insertedbyhislovingsonand daughter-in-law,RobertandAlice Stack;alsograndchildren,Edward, Dorothy,andGeorge.

FremantleB682.

JOSEPHC.!MUM, UNDERTAKERandFUNERAL FURNISHER. Newmanstreet(nearTownHall), Fremantle. LowestChargesintheState. TelephoneA1060.

silencingtheslanderingtonguesofbigots.Acashattackalwaysensuresa retreatontheirpart.ItwasthepowerofcashandcivillawthatmadeDr. Clarkequaketoo:-

"Wenotewithsatisfactionthatthe NewZealand'Herald'haspublished

paythe

FatherBrennanundertakes

£500totheRedCross iftheoratorsofthataugustbodywill proveasingleoneofmanyfalseassertionswhichtheyhavebeenspreading throughoutNewZealandfromtheplatformandthroughtheirpublications, withtheobjectofstirringupsectarian feelingagainstCatholics.Fromtime totimewehavenoticedtheabsurdities oftheirdastardlycampaign,callingattentiontotheforgedoathsandthe bogussummariesofCanonLawwhich theyputbeforethemorefoolishmembersofthecommunity.Wehave beensatisfiedthatthecommonsense ofthepeopleoftheDominionwould intimeputtheP.P.A.anditsleaders intheirproperplaces,andwehave hadampleconfirmationofthefactthat throughoutNewZealandnodecent

Protestantwoulddescendsolowasto lendhisnametothecampaignwhich wasdisgracedfromItsbeginningby thetacticsofitschiefspokesman. Apartfromthesensibleandthinking peoplethereisasubstratumofthose whoareneithersensiblenorthinkers, andwho,owingtotheprejudicescf theirearlytraining,arereadytobelievethatthePopehashorns.The directmethodnowemployedbyFather Brennanwillleavenoexcusetoeven thesepersons,whileitwilleffectively givethelietoanymanwhohasagain thehardihoodortheeffronterytorepeatsuchstatementsinfaceofsucha plainchallenge.Theplanadoptedby FatherBrennanisfarmoreeffective thananyargument.Peoplewhomargumentcouldnotreachformanyreasonsmustopentheireyestothefact thathereisaplaincontradictionof thestatementsonwhichthewhole P.P.A.campaignbasesitsattacks,and thatnomanwhohasmadesuchchargesagainsttheCatholicsasarenow challengedcankeepsilentifhehasa sparkofhonour.Tocomeforward andprovethetruthofthechargesor toretractthemishenceforththeplain dutyofMessrs.Elliott,Earnshaw, Knowles,Scorgie,Griffiths,etc.MentionoftheHon.Mr.Earnshawreminds usthatonceuponatimethesame gentlemanusedtobeastrenuous LabourAdvocate.Wewonderhow manyhornyhandedlabourerswould nowshakehandswithhim."

TheShaftesburyTheatrehasafresh tradecatch.AfellownamedArthur isshowingtherewhocantellthings abouttheawfulSinnFeinersandEasterWeekwiththeverbosityoftheintenselyanti-Irish.However,hisknow. ledgeofthegeographyofDublin,as reportedinthe"SundayTimes,"puts himbadlyaway.Thereportofthose whofoughttheSinnFeinersshouldby thistimesatisfythe"SundayTimes" people.Wehavebeenofficiallytold thattheEasterWeekmenwere"clean" fighters-aqualificationwhichcannot betruthfullymadeaboutotherfolk whowagewarsanddootherthings.

Oneoftheexceptionalblessingsin thisStateisthatarantergetslittleor nosignificanthearing.Peopleareout forpeaceandpracticability,things which,likecourtesy,alwayspay. II

Thereisagreatdealofmoneyfor PROHIBITION,butlikeawell-known favouriteinarecentrace,itisdead suretobreakdown.Ofcourse,the horsehadareasonablechance,but thisnomineeofpuritanicalandimpracticablecrankshasabsolutelynone.

SomebodyoncesaidthatanIrish bullwasaparadoxsomepeoplewere toostupidtounderstand.Nowthe Englishbullinconnectionwiththe Irishquestionisamosttranspa"ent one.Englanddeclaressheisfighting forsmallnations,whilesheexcludes theonethatshouldbedearesttoherIreland. *

Writingofbullsremindsusofone recentlyperpetratedby3well-known Jarrandaleresident.Hewasboosting thelocalhallcommitteebycomparing theirexcellenthallwiththeoneinan adjoiningdistrict."Iwasdriving thatwayafewdaysago,"hesaid, "andnoticedonesideofthedoor brokendownandtheothersidehalf openwithalogagainstittokeepit shut."

OfFatherHealyitistoldthatafter beingdrivenhomeonabitterlycold night,hegavethejarveyagood generousglassofChartreuse.The manwasevidentlynotusedtoitbut healsoevidentlyappreciatedit. FatherHealyaskedhimhowheliked it.'IfyouputthatintheHoly Waterfont,Father,you'llhavethe finestcongregationioIreland,"wasthe verdict.

*

TennysonorLongfellowcouldtake aworthlesssheetofpaperandwrit! apoemonitworth£10,000-that'sgenius.Therearemenwhocanwritea fewwordsonapieceofpaperand makeitworth£1,000,000-that'scapital.TheImperialGovernmentcan takeapieceofsilverandmakeitworth 2s.-that'smoney.Amechaniccantake apieceofmaterialworth10s.andmake itintowatchspringsworth£10that'sskill.Anartistcantakeapiece ofcanvasworth£1.andpaintapictureonitworththousands-that'sart. Amerchantcanpurchaseanarticle

worthls.andsellitfur4s.-that's business.Awomancanpurchaseshitfor5s.,butpreferstopay£5for one-that'sfoolishness.Anordinary workerdelvesanddigsalldayfor8s.that'slabour.Thewriterofthese linescouldwriteachequefortenmillions,butitwouldbeworthnothingthat'sapity.

e Taxesaregrowing-justlikeweeds. Pricesareconstantlybeingfixed.and justasconstantlyincreased.Weare payingmentodothat.Thevoiceof thewhooperandtheboosterringsloud inthelandand-over600legislators havetobefedandmaintainedinall theirpre-warflummeryandmagnificence.Newpublicdepartmentshave beenandarebeingcreatedtokeepup withtheworkentailedbynewlegislationanditsadministration.Wages stillremainstationary,andtheproblemsofthehousekeeperarebecoming moreacute.Oneissurelyentitledto askthewisemenattheheadofaffairs forhowlongdotheyhopetokeepthe bread-winnersoftheCommonwealth undertheirsqueezingscrew,andthe squeezedarealsoentitledtoknowto whatpurposetheyarebeingsqueezed. Extravaganceseemstobeonthemarch withbannersflyinganddrumsa-beating,butthere'sadeadendsomewhere, anditwillbereachedwhenthesqueezedonesgethungry.Thenthere'llbea rudeawakening.

Prohibition

Thereisnothinginurepreciousthan liberty.Freedomofwillisagiftof God,andHehasputbeforemenmotiveswhichshouldguidetheminthe matterofchoice.Notruelogiccan establishasystembywhichcertain individualsranleadthewholecommunity.Thosewhosodesirearepotentiallytyrants.Itwouldbetyrannyforagluttonousconglomerationof anaemictea-drinkerstoenforcecompulsorytea-drinking.Norwouldthis formofcoercionbelessautocraticin principlethanthatwhichdrivesamill. taristicKaiser,orotherwar-madfigurehead,tocurseapeacefulandhappy worldbythefruitionoftheir dreams.Inasense,thosewhocome likewolvesinsheep'sclothingtoenforcetheirideasuponothersinthis freeCommonwealthofAustraliade. serveasmuch,metaphorically,tobe crushedoutofthesmallpowerthey sway,asthewar-lorddeservestobe deprivedofthegreatpowerhepossesses.Prohibitionisfundamentallywrong. Itseekstorobcitizensofsomething theyhaveafullrightreasonablyto enjoy.Everybodyknowsthatitis nottheuseofliquorwhichcauses trouble.Itisitsabuse.Andthere aremeansofpreventingmenfrom over-steppingthelimitsinthismatter justastherearemeansforpreventing excessesinotherdepartmentsofhuman activity.Liquorisnearlyasoldas Adam,andthegentlemenwhorage againstitsuseinthetwentiethcentury certainlydonotseemtoimprovein mentalitywiththeprogressoftime. Itisagoodthingtoadvocatetemper.. ance-betterstilltopromotetotalabstinencebywhatwemighttermvoluntarism.But,toconscriptthecom munityintothewaysofthewowseris asrepugnanttoafreepeople,suchaswe professtobe,andisasiniquitious,and moreimpracticablethantheconscriptingofcitizenstoengageinabattle inwhichtheydonotwishtoparticipate.Besides,theliquorindustryis asmuchoutsidethe'activitiesofthese busybodiesasistheminingbusiness, orthenumerousindustrieswhichexist fortheexploitationofthepublic,for thebenefitofthefew.Whydonot thesewell-paidpropagandistspreach theabolitionofminingbecausethe deedsofsomemeninthatparticular branchmaynotbeinaccordwiththe canonsofdistributivejustice;orpreach theabolitionofdairymenbecausethe parishpumpmaysometimesbeaprolificmilker;ortheabolitionofchemistsanddoctors,becausesomedoctors mayco-operateinschemesmoreterrib. lydisastroustothecommunitythan drinktothemanwhoinhisboutsees six-leggeddogs,andsnakesofadiversityofhuesufficienttoresembleabig fieldofstartersinaKalgoorlieCup?

Besides,theenforcementofthisprohibitioncrazewill,ifpersistedinunto asuccessfulissue,throwthousandsout ofwork,andwefeartheverycrew whoareoutforprohibitionwillnot beofmuchhelptothem,shouldsuch bethecase.Prohibitionwillrum

SATURDAY,AUGUST17,1918.

wineandgrainproducers,andwillhelp inaverymaterialwaytomakeanimpoverishedcountrylikethispoorer still.Therevenuefromtheliquor tradeisnosmallitem.But,perhaps, theprohibitioncrew,intheirpeculiar wisdom,maydevisewaysandmeans tosolvethefinancialdifficulty,by,perhaps,floatingratandcatfarmsinthe NorthernTerritory,orahymn-book emporiuminsuchthrivingandprogressivecentresasthesuburbsofWan. neroo.orthebaulevardsofParkolilli. Prohibition,then.evenforawar period,isrankstupidity,ashackleon thelibertyofthepeople,andamillstonearoundtheneckofprogressin thisfairState,andallthroughthe Commonwealth.

Ofcourse,tothinkthatitisbecause oftheirsympathyforthereturned heroesthatthesecranksareoutisto missthemarkbyamileormore.Their oneobjectistomakeitaperpetual arrangementinthehopethattheymay pointtoitasoneofthegreatworks theydeludedthemselvesashavingdone forhumanity.Theseparsonicpretenderstophilanthropyaredyingforwork, but,sincetheyhavenofoundationsto workupon,theyfall,aroundthenecks ofteapots,andfeeltheythussave souls.Clergymenwhohaveareal mission,andwhoknowtheirwork,and doit,aretoobusysolvingrealproblemstopermitateapot,oraprohibitionanthilltostandbetweenthem *andtheirduty.

NeglectoftheHoly Scriptures

andtemporalwelfareofrichandpoor, thebuildingandadornmentotmagnificentchurches,etc.Theinternal fruitsofsuchpreachingaswasin vogueinthosedaysmusthavebeen abundant:fortherewerenumerous saintsamongallsortsandconditions ofmen.

CardinalManningusedtoreferto theneglectoftheHolyScripturesas oneofthechiefhindrancestothe spreadofChristianity.Thesaints anddoctorsoftheChurchregarded ignoranceoftheSacredWritingsasignoranceofJesusChristHimself,whose teachingisthestandardofmoralsand themedicineofthewoundsofhumanity.Mayitnotbethattheweak faithandworldlyspiritofsomany modernChristians,andthesapid spreadofinfidelity,aremainlydueto theneglectoftheHolyScriptures?The worldneverneededthesalutarylessonsoftheSermonontheMount,the ferventexhortationsofSt.Paul,the solemnwarningsoftheProphets,th-s counselsoftheWiseMan,orthe Psalmist'sspiritoftruepietyandpenance,morethanitneedsthemnow.

WillRussiaHelpGermany?

TheArchbishop,accompaniedbythe RightRev.MonsignorBourke,Very Rev.M.McGrath,C.SS.R.andthe EditoroftheW.A."Record"(Father T.R.O'Grady),leftforGeraldtonby theexpressonThursdayevening. Applecross-Mass,Sunday(to-morrow),7.30.SouthPerth-9o'clock.

DIOCESEOFGERALDTON,

ARequiemMasswillbecelebrated inthenewCathedralonthe19th.inst forallAustraliansoldiers-non-CatholicaswellasCatholic-whohavebeen killedinthewar.

BishopKelly,whohasbeenonanextendedtourthroughtheMurchisonand Gascoynedistricts,bothofwhichform partoftheGeraldtonDiocese,returnedtoGeraldtonlastweek.

localandGeneral

MissM.Griffin,ofPerth,isspending aholidayatthe"NarroginInn,"Armadale.

Tonight,Saturdaynight,isgoingto betheeventoftheyearatthe"Institute,"Armadale.Thebigdancewill beonfortheChurch,andallPerthites whowishtotakepartshouldmake suretoturnup.Ifyoumustmissthe KalgoorlieCup,makeupforthelossby payingavisittoArmadale.Forthose whowishtoremaininArmadaleovernight,bothhotelsaremakingspecial arrangements,thetariffwillbeexceptionallylight.Comebythethousand.

Mr.Stead,writingon"ChaosinRus_ sia,"inthelastnumberofStead's, touchesonthepossibilityoftheGermansbeingreinforcedfromRussia.He says:"Everythingpointstotheimperativeneedofreachingamilitary decisionatlatestin1919.Already, thankstosuper-humaneffortsofthe UnitedStatesGovernment,theAllied forcesmustoutnumbertheGermans greatly,butnotintrainedsoldiers. ThereareamillionAmericanmenin Francenow,butperhapsonly200,000 ofthesecangointothefiringline.But, bynextyear,themillionnowinEuropewillbeabletotakethefieldas trainedsoldiers,andi;thetransportationrateofJunebemaintained,will havewiththematleastanother500,000readytoenterthetrenches,who wouldhavereachedFranceinJulyand August.Thisyearmustsurelysee thesupremeeffortofGermany,sofar asmanpowerisconcerned.Next yearourfoesmustbeonthedefensive, ouroverwhelmingnumericalsuperiorityshouldenableustobeginto drivethemslowlyback.Butthepossibilityoftheirgettingnotablereinforcementsin1920undoubtedlyexists, forbythattimeUkrainia.Lithuania, andtheBalticProvinceswhichhave comeintoexistenceunderthewingof Germanywouldhavesettleddownand mightprovefertilerecruitingareas. Then,too,thereisRussiaproper,where nooneknowswhatmighthappen. Thus,whilstin1919willundoubtedly beouryear,1920mightbetheenemy's Therefore,itisimperativeforusto getamilitarydecisionnextyearjust asitisnecessaryfortheGermansto getonethis.Ifbothsidesfailin theirattemptstoreachadecisionbeforetheendof1919,theprospectsof finishingthewarin1920or1921are notveryrosy."

Numerousreasonshavebeenassignedtoexplainthelukewarmnessof modernChristiansandthegrowthof infidelity-whysomanywhohavethe faithfallawayfromthepracticeofit; andwhysomanypassfromProtestantismtoinfidelity,nevertoreturn. Ineachcasethenumberofbacksliders wouldseemtobeontheincrease.One explanationofthisdefectionfrom Christianprinciplesistobefoundin theneglectoftheSacredScriptures. IfChristianswholivedintheages calledoffaithwerelessworldlythan weare.andinfluencedtoagreaterextentbytheteachingofChristthanthe generalityofpeopleinourtime.itwas probablybecausetheirknowledgeof theBiblewasmoreintimate,and theirChristianityconsequentlylessof aveneer. ThesuperiorknowledgeoftheSacredScripturestowhichwepretendallthistalkaboutanopenBible-is vainboasting.Itisgenerallysupposed-thesuppositionisnaturalenough-that,inourageofprinting,acquaintancewithHolyWritisincomparablygreaterthanitwasintheMid. dleAges.Theverycontrary,however,isthetruth.Medievalpreachersweredistinguishedfortheirdeep andreadyknowledgeoftheBible,the neglectofwhichbeganwiththeReformation.Modernsermonsshow scantacquaintancewiththeSacred Volume,andcontainonlysuchreferencesasmaybigatheredoutofaconcordance.ThediscoursesofMedievalpreachers,ontheotherhand.are imbuedwiththeOldandtheNewTes. tament.Thequotationsarenotsuperficiallyadduced,withoutregardtoanalogybutareselectedwithgreatcare, andbearstrikinglyonthesubjectunderconsideration.Theallusionsand referencestotheSacredVolumein

Middle-Agesermonsaresurprisingly abundant.SoimbuedwiththeScriptureswerethoseoldtimepreachersthat theywereprobablyunawarehowlargelytheyemployedthewordsoftheinspiredwritings.Iftheirexplanations andcomparisonsoftenseemsomewhat forcedandfanciful,onemustconsider thegeneraltasteformysticismprevailinginthosetimes.

OverfromtheEast,oursterlinglittle SenatorNeedham,whohasneveryet turnedhiscoat,orswerved'fromthe principlesheknowstobetrue.Good lucktohim.Heislooking"inthe pink"ofform.

TrainstotheArmadaleDancethis eveningat5.10,6.22,7,32,and9.55.

ThepeopleofMidlandJunctionassembledattheFriendlySocieties'Hall tobidfarewelltoMr.PeterMcCram, whohasbeentransferredtoMullewa. Theladiespresentedhimwithasetof militarybrushesandthegentsacase ofpipes.Theeveningwasspentin theusualway.Thosethatprovided themusicalitemswereMissGaynor, andMr.PatrickTrov.Thedance dancemusicwasprovidedbytheMissesBruton,Heagney,Willoughby,and Niland.Everythingwentwelluntil midnight,andendedupbyallsinging "AuldLangSyne."

Sergt.F.Cunninghamreturnedfrom theFrontlastweek,anddespitethe strenuousnatureofthecampaignand afewGermanbullets.looksfreshand well.

ThemanyfriendsoftheRev.BrotherBurke,0.111.I.,ofGlendalough,who underwentaseriousoperationsomelittlewhileagoinSt.JohnofGodHospital,willbepleasedtohearthatheis movingaboutagain,andisonthefair waytohisformerhealthandstrength. Hehashadalongspellofillness,and thoughnotbulkingsocompactaspreviously,wetrustitwillnotbemany weeksbeforethegeniallittleOblate Brotherwillbebacktohisoldform.

Mr.A.Duffy,ofBagot-road,Subiaco,hasreceivedwordthathisnephew,PrivateMartinDuffy,previously reportedmissing,isnowaprisonerof warinGermany,after31years'service inBelgiumandFrance.Anothernephew,PrivateM.Duffy,whowas wounded,hasreturnedtothefiring line.

a TheCatholicYoungMen'sCinderella DanceonTuesdaynight,wasapronouncedsuccess.Thefloorwasinits usuallivelyform,thedancingexcellent, andthegatheringalargeone.Mr.H. J.Gordonwastheorganiser. Thereisnothingthematterwith Armadale.Gotheretothedancetonight,andseeforyonelf.

Wednesdayeveninglast,alinentea wasgivenbytheparishionersatthe Presbytery,SouthPerth.Agreat crowdwaspresent,andthegiftsto FatherPacewereverynumerous. Gamesofvariousdescriptionswereindulgedin.

SPECIALNOTICE.

TrainsleavePerthforArmada's nextSaturdaynightat6.10,6.22,7.32, and9.55.Thereturntrain,whichwill leaveatareasonablehour,isbeing speciallyarranged.Thedancewill beginat8o'clock.

SpeakingattheYoungIrelandSociety'ssocialanddanceonWednesday last,SenatorNeedhamstatedthatin thissupposedlyfreeanddemocratic countryitwasalmostacrimeatpresenttobeanIrishman.Hewasthankfultosaythatuptothepresenthe hadescapedinternment(Laughter). ReferringtotheinternmentsofIrishmen intheEasternStates,hesaidthatthe arrestswereeffectedbarely48hours afterParliamenthadprorogued.He couldassurehishearers,however,that assoonasParliamentre-assemblesan explanationwouldberequiredasto whythesemenhadbeenkeptsolong withoutatrial.

MissVeronicaMansfield,ofSubiacoroad,hasagainbeensuccessfulinpassingwithHonours(SeniorGrade)inthe recentTrinityCollege,London,music examinations.MissMansfieldis14 yearsofage,andapupiloftheSisters ofMercy,St.Joseph'sSchool,Subiaco. Hercousin,MissNorrisdeMamiel,of Kalgoorlie,hasalsoreceivedtheTeachers'Diploma.Sheisapupilofthe St.Mary'sConventSchool,Kalgoorlie. Besureandkeepyoureyeoutforthe euchrepartyanddanceoftheseason, whichcomesoffintheHibernianHall on21st.August.MissNoraO'Mahony, whoalwaysdoesthingsinstyle,isthe hon.secretary.Soyoumayreasonablyexpect.agreatnight'sentertainment.

NewsoftheArchdiocese

CALENDARFORAUGUST,

Sunday,18(Green)-ThirteenthSundayafterPentecost.

Monday,19(White)-OftheOctaveof theAssumption.

Tuesday,20(White)-St.Bernard,Abbot.

Wednesday,21(White)-St.Jane FrancesdeChantel,W.

Thursday,22(White)-Octaveofthe AsumptionBlessedVirginMary.

Friday,23(White)-VigilofSt.Bartholomew,Apostle.

Saturday,24(Red)-St.Bartholomew, Apostle.

Thatthepeopleflockedtohearsuch sermons,thattheywerelistenedto withreverentattention,andthatthey boreabundantfruit,thehistoryofthe MiddleAgessufficientlyattests.It wasnot,wemaybecertain,idlecuriositythatledcrowdsofpeasantstofollowpreacherslikeSt.AnthonyofPadua;andthesepreachersmusthave knownhowtoadaptthemselvestothe requirementsoftheirhearersinorder toattractimmenseaudienceswherever theywent.TheeffectofMedieval preachingisshowninathousandways -bythedevotionofthepeopletothe officesoftheChurch,bythestrictobservanceofholyseasons,bytheestalr lishmentofallsortsofguildstopromotethegloryofGodandthespiritual

St.FrancisXavier'sCathedral,Geraldton,willbesolemnlyblessedand openedto-morrow.ManyfromPerth havesignifiedtheirintentiontobepresent.HisLordshipDr.Kelly,Bishop ofGeraldton,willblesstheCathedral, andtheMostRev.Dr.Clune,C.SS.R., ArchbishopofPerth.willpreachthe occasionalsermon.

HisGracewillpresideatthebig YoungIrelandConcertattheHibernianHall,onWednesday28.Proceeds willbetoGosnells'proposednew Church.Thisconcertwillbeanovelty,andallpatronsofIrishmusic shouldbepresent. * *

Rev.J.O'Rourke,ofPortAugusta, arrivedinPerthlastweek.Heisvery muchimpressedwiththiscity,andis theguestofRev.Phil.Sheridan,St. Joseph's,Subiaco.

InresponsetoaninvitationextendedtohimbytheMotherSuperior,the Premier(Mr.H.B.Lefroy)visitedthe PresentationConventCollegeand school,Geraldton,onFridayafternoon,9th.inst.Hewasaccompaniedbythe Mayor(Mr.F.Green)andthememberforGeraldton(Mr.J.C.Willcock). ThePremierdeliveredashortaddress ofencouragementtothepupils,inthe courseofwhichhesaidtheyshould feelgratefulforhavingsuchafine institutionintheirmidstforeducationalteaching.Theparty,before leaving,wereentertainedbytheSistersatafternoontea.

WillyWattandhisWin-the-Warfollowingwillhavetoansweraquestion ortwowhenParliamentre-assembles. SenatorNeedhamwillseetothat.

Byspecialrequest,theYoungIrelandSocietyhasdecidedtoholdanothersocialanddanceearlynext month.

AsusualtheYoungIrelandSociety's socialanddanceonWednesdaylast wasawonderfulsuccess.TomButler'ssingingbroughtdownthehouse, andhehadtoraesponclatoanencore.

KeepAugust28vacant.FullparticularsnextissueofthegrandAUIrishConcerttobegivenbytheYoung IrelandSocietyonthatnight. .

OldmembersoftheC.Y.M.S.will rememberErnieWoolcott,whoworked withtirelessindustrytokeepthe "boys"together,andtoadvanceevery interestofthesocietythatcouldmake foritswelfare.Ernie,withmany anotherofhiscolleagues,answeredthe soundofthebugleandwenttothe war.Thosewhoknewhimwellwill regrettolearnthathemadethesupremesacrificelastmonth.Mayhis soulrestinpeace.

Thechildren'splainandfancydress ball,atKing'sHall,Subiaco,onAugust29th.,promisestobeoneofthe premiersocialeventsoftheseason. Theproceedswillbedevotedtothe ChurchBazaarFund.So,nowcomes achanceforallthefancysetsfrom MidlandJunctiontoFremantle.Make upyourmind,andbringyourset along.MissJonesistheenergetichon. secretary.Ticketswillbels..each.

Mr.andMrs.Cavanagh,andMiss Cavanagh,wellknow1residentsofAlbany,arespendingaholidayinthe city.TheseniorCavanaghboyrecentlypaidthelastpenaltyinthe frontline,France. *

WillMr.PatrickO'Shaughnessy, formerlyofBruff,Co.Limerick,Ireland,kindlycommunicatewiththe Editorofthispaper.Correspondence fromhomeawaitshimatthisoffice.

MembersoftheHibernianSocietyin thisStateandelsewhere,wheretheorderisestablished,willbesorrytohear thatMr.MichaelO'Dea,lateNational PresidentoftheSociety,liesseriously illathishomeinThomas-street,West Perth.Allwhoknowthisbig,genial, whole-heartedCatholicCeltwillweare surepraythathewillpullthroughhis veryseriousillnessandberestoredto healthand-strengthagain.ThisThurs daymorningwelearnthereisanimprovementinhiscondition.Ourearnesthopeandprayeristhatitwillbemaintained,andthathislifewillbepreservedformanyyearstocome.

TheCatholicYoungMen'sSociety areouttohelptheCathedralBazaar. Withthisobjectinviewaplainand fancydressballwillbeheldundertheir patronageonTuesday,August27th.,in theHibernianHall.Mrs.Millerwill supplythemusic,andthesecretarial dutiesarebeingundertakenbyMessrs. EvertandL.Townsend.Thaproceeds areinaidoftheSt.VincentdePaul Stall,andanearnestappealismadeto allfriendstoparticipateinthefunction.

PuritanismandProhibition

ThequestionofProhibitionasregardsalcoholicliquorisbeingforced somuchtothefrontsincethecommencementofthewarthatpeople willdowelltoconsiderwhatitreally means.Wehave,fromtimetotime, dealtwiththeethicalsideofthequestion,andourreadersdonotrequireto betoldthat,whiletemperanceshould beencouraged,andeventotalabstinence,itisquite-anotherthingtodescribedrinkingasanevilinitself.It isexcessthatreallyconstitutesthe evilofalcoholicliquor.Doctorsdifferonthis,astheydoonmostsubjects;butdoctorsfindthat,froma medicinalpointofview,spiritsare sometimesveryuseful.Inthesame way,theordinarylayman,attimes, findsthebenefitofastimulantofgreaterpotencythan,say,teaorcoffee.The rabidProhibitionist,whowouldnotallowastimulantin-theshapeofalcohol tobeusedinanycircumstances,may be,andissometimes,aninveteratetea drinker,thoughdoctorswilltellhim thatheisinjuringhissystem.The factis,tobeconsistentheshouldprohibitteaandcoffeeaswellasalcoholic drinks,forallarestimulants,though, ofcourse,inadifferentdegree.Prohibitionists,however,sticktothepoint thatasmanyfindtheirhealthimpairedbytheimmoderateuseofstrong dring,alcoholshouldbealtogetherprokbited.Theeditorofthe''Month," Rev.JosephKeating,S.J.,dealsmost effectivelywiththisaspectofthequestion.Heshowshowmenrisktheir livesinvariousamusementsandvariouscallings."Itmay,"hesays,"be folly,asacrificeofthefuturetothe present;but,then,allfollyisnotsin. thoughallsinisfolly."Thewriter goesontoshowthatamanmayuse hisjudgmentinpartakingofcertain foods."Heisfreetoreckonthepleasuretothepalate,theglowofthe body,theexhilarationtothesenses, thebreakingdownofreserve,thetemporarystimulustothought,theoblivionofcareandtrouble,whichhehas foundtobeitsimmediateeffects,to beworththediminutionofhealth whichisitsconsequence,supposing thatthoseill-effectsareslight,andnot permanent.Wecannotsaythatstrong dringinmoderationissomanifestlyin. juriousthatamanfailsindueself-regardbyitsuse.Theeffectsabovementionedarenotwronginthemselves,and,therefore,theymaybesought bymeanswhicharenotwrong.Total abstinenceisnotasinequanonofperfection,nornecessarilyameanstoit."

Herewehaveacompletestatement oftheethicsfromanundoubtedauthority.Whilstontheethicsofthe question,itisonlynecessarytorefer totheBibletofindthattheuseof strongdrinkisnotforbiddeneitherin theOldortheNewTestament.There aremanyinstancestothecontrary. ByopposingProhibitionasanunwarrantedinvasionoftheliberty-ofthe individual,we.arenotfavouringthe immoderateuseofstrongdrink.Fr. Mathew,thegreatapostleoftemper. ance,attackedthedrinkingcustomsof hiscountrymen,andbyhiswonderful successnotonlyrescuedmanyfrom thefateofthedrunkard, but, byiriducinghabitsofsobrietyandselfrestraint,hegavematerialassistance totheRepealmovement.YetFather Mathewnevercondemnedthemoderate cltinker.Hiscampaignwasagainst theevilofexcess.ItistoAmerica, however,thatlandofextremes,whetherinreligionorsocialmatters,that wemustlookfortheriseoftheProhibitionmovement.Thereanumber ofStateshavedeclaredforabsolute Prohibition,andth..1onthegrounds thatinthesebone-dryStatesthepen-

wouldbeimprovedmorallyandsocially.Now,whatistheresultof ProhibitionintheseStates?AccordingtotheRev.BernardJ.McNamara, D.D.,inthecurrentissueofthe"EcclesiasticalReview,""halfoftheAmericanpeopleareunderProhibition, and,asamatterofrecord,overhalf thepeopleofourcountrydonotenter achurch.Theylivewithoutreligion.

Further,theStatesthatshowthelargestnumberofnon-churchgoersarethe ProhibitionStates-forinstance,Maine.

Everyoneadmitsthatdivorceisoneot thegreatmoralcancersthatiseating awayoursocialorganism;yetitisa strangefactthattheProhibition States,asarule,showthegreatest numberofdivorces.Kansas,North Dakota,andMainearesadexamplesof thisfact.Thestatisticscompiledbythe UnitedStatesGovernmentshowthat onlyfivepercent.ofthedivorcesare grantedonaccountofdrink."Somuch fortheeffectofsettlingaquestionot thiskindbythebrutedoctrineof force,whichincludesatotaldisregard forthelibertyoftheindividual.

Thereis,however,anotheraspectof thequestionwhichthewritertreats veryfully,andthatishowProhibition,asintroducedinAmerica,hasaffectedtheCatholicChurch:"For2000 yearstheChurch,afterthemannerof ChristattheLastSupper,hasused fermentedwineinthecelebrationof HolyMass."TheLegislatureofOklahoma,inthesessionof1917,passed whatisknownasthe"absolutelybonedrylaw."TheCatholicssawwhat wascoming,buttheywerepowerless. AstherewasonlyoneCatholicinthe Legislature,thewowsershadthings alltheirownway.Bythelawthen passedallsaleofliquorcontaining one-halfpercent.ofalcoholwasprohibited.Eventherailwayswerenot permittedtocarryit,andthepossessionofanyoftheprohibitedliquorwas deemedanoffence.Thelawapplied topriest,minister,ordoctor,who mightneedwineorspiritsintheperformanceoftheirduties.Theresult isthatMasscanonlybecelebrated inOklahomabybreakingthelawof theState.TheCatholicChurchap pealedagainstthelawasbeingunconstitutional,buttheappealwasdisallowed,andithasbeentakenonto theSupremeCourt.WhentheCatholicsprotestedthatthelawwould interferewiththeexerciseoftheirreligion.theyweretoldtheycoulduse grapejuice.ThewowsershadtheupperhandinthatparticularState,and, ashasbeenshown,theyshamefully abusedtheirpower.InotherStates allowancewasmadeforsacramental tineinordertogettheProhibition Billsthrough;butthereisnoguaranteethattheseallowanceswillnotbe withdrawnatanytime,andthatthe lawwillberigorouslyenforced,asin thecaseofOklahoma.Catholicswill dowelltoponderoverthesefacts,for havetheynotintheProhibitionmovementinAmericato-dayanobjectlessonoftheevilofallowingtheirpersonallibertytobeinterferedwith? Prohibitionisoneoftheplanksofthe Puritanmovement,whichisvery muchinevidenceinAustraliato-day. Wehaveshownhowtheexerciseof religionmaybeaffected,butweneed notgotoAmericaforinstancesofthe attackmadeonthehealthyandwholesomerecreationsofthepeople.The exigenciesofthewarhavebeenused asastalking-horsebythewowserelementwhostandforthisrecrudescence ofPuritanism,butitiscomfortingto knowthatthesepeoplearenotlikely tohavethingsalltheirownway.This questionaffectsCatholicsvitally,aswe haveshown,butitalsoaffectsthedemocracyasawhole.Henceamovementtoprotectthelibertyofthepeoplehasbeenstarted,whichshowsthat

ahealthyreactionissettingin.The wowsershavegone-farenough,ano itistimetheywereshownthatAustraliawillcontinuetodoitspartinthe warwithoutallowingthepersonallibertyofthepeopletobesacrificedin thismanner.

KilledinAction

PTE.WILLIAMEDWARDWATSON, Killedinaction,Max' 1 1918; sonofJosephandMaryWatson,of 195Lord-street,Perth.formerlyof Kanowna.PrivateWatsonwas wellandfavourablyknownoilthe goldfields,andenlistedinPerth, wherehewasemployedatthe WaterSupplyDepartment.R.I.P. Hisofficer,Lieut.Woods,haswrittenthefollowinglettertotheparents.ThelateLieut.13.J.Stubbs waskilledbesidePrivateWatson: "51st.Battalion,A.I.F.,France May23,1918.

"DearMr.Watson,-Iexpectyouwill havealreadybeenadvisedthatyour son,3230,Pte,W.E.Watson,waskilledinactiononthe11thMay.Hewas amemberoftheLewisgunsectionof myplatoon,No.1,andwewereholdingaseriesofoutpostsinfrontofVilliers-Bretanneau.Thelineatthetime happenedtobeveryquiet,andthe onlycasualtiesinthecompanyduring thefourdayswasthatofyoursonand threeothersslightlywounded.He wasonsentrygoearlymorning,and wassnipedfromaGermanjustabout 200yardsaway.Hewashitthrough thehead,andalthoughunconscious, livedforperhaps20minutes.Hewas buriedbythreemembersofthesec tionthatnight,andacrosserected overhim,about750yardsdueE.of thestationatVillers-Bretanneux, whichisabout18,000yardsdueE.of Amiens.MayIofferyouthedeepest sympathyofthemembersofmyplatoon?--Believeme.verytrulyYours, "R.:\.WOOD, "Lieutenant." 'Phone1341. G.GIBBS

LateM.HANNAY. WineandSpiritMerchant. CornerMURRAY&GEORGESTS., WESTPERTH. QualityGrocer,TeaandProvision MerchantandImporter.-OurMotto: SmallProfitsandQuickReturns.OrdersCalledfurandDeliveredDaily.

flowlackFoleyDied

ThefollowingaccountofSergt.-MajorFoley'sdeath,takenfromthe 'CampChronicle,"willbereadwithregretbyhismanyfriendsinthisState, JackwasagrandyoungIrishman,a fineCatholic,andoneofthebestsoldiersthateverlefttheWest.May hissoulrestinpeace:"Wehavereceivedthefollowing letter(whichexplansitself)fromMr.J. R.Martin,formerlyoftheBellevue Hotel,whowrotefromtheHotelShamrock,Bendigo(Vic): "'TheEditor"CampChronicle":DearSir,-IamenclosingaletterI havejustreceivedfrommysonofthe 14th,Battalion,inwhichhedescribes thelastofpooroldJackFoley.oneof Blackboy'smostexcellentSergeantsMajor.InPaddywehavelostatrue manbelovedbyalltheboys,andashe hadsomanyfriendsinBlackboythe paragraphintheletterwill,Iamsure, beinterestingtomany."

(CoPy.)

DearDad,-Justaline,aswe-ire goinginsoon,-andthefacilitiesthere arenil.Iamwellandkickingto date,andhavenotseenenoughblood andslaughtertosettlemealtogether. OneoftheworstjobsIhavehadto datewaspoorJackFoleyhehadhi4 legsblowntopieces,andwehad-to bandagehimandcarryhimbackto theaidpost,butheonlylastedWu...tit halfanhourafterwegothimthere. Youcantellanyoftheboysthathe waspracticallykilledinstantaneously,foralthoughheaskedforwater afterwebandagedhim,Ithinkhewas halfunconscious."

ARTISTICHAIRWORK.

Transformations,Wigs,PartingFringes,Switches,andPlaitsofHair, atLowestPrices. INSTITUTEDEBEATJTE, BROOKIL

PuritanismandProhibition

ThequestionofProhibitionasregardsalcoholicliquorisbeingforced somuchtothefrontsincethecommencementofthewarthatpeople willdowelltoconsiderwhatitreally means.Wehave,fromtimetotime, dealtwiththeethicalsideofthequestion,andourreadersdonotrequireto betoldthat,whiletemperanceshould beencouraged,andeventotalabstinence,itisquite_anotherthingtodescribedrinkingasanevilinitself.It isexcessthatreallyconstitutesthe evilofalcoholicliquor.Doctorsdifferonthis,astheydoonmostsubjects;butdoctorsfindthat,froma medicinalpointofview,spiritsare sometimesveryuseful.Inthesame way,theordinarylayman,attimes, findsthebenefitofastimulantofgreaterpotencythan,say,teaorcoffee.The rabidProhibitionist,whowouldnotallowastimulantintheshapeofalcohol tobeusedinanycircumstances,may be,andissometimes,aninveteratetea drinker,thoughdoctorswilltellhim thatheisinjuringhissystem.The factis,tobeconsistentheshouldprohibitteaandcoffeeaswellasalcoholic drinks,forallarestimulants,though, ofcourse,inadifferentdegree.Prohibitionists,however,sticktothepoint thatasmanyfindtheirhealthimpairedbytheimmoderateuseofstrong dring,alcoholshouldbealtogetherprohibited.Theeditorofthe"Month," Rev.JosephKeating,S.J.,dealsmost effectivelywiththisaspectofthequestion.Heshowshowmenrisktheir livesinvariousamusementsandvariouscallings."Itmay,"hesays,"be folly,asacrificeofthefuturetothe present;but,then,allfollyisnotsin. thoughallsinisfolly."Thewriter goesontoshowthatamanmayuse hisjudgmentinpartakingofcertain foods."Heisfreetoreckonthepleasuretothepalate,theglowofthe body,theexhilarationtothesenses, thebreakingdownofreserve,thetemporarystimulustothought,theoblivionofcareandtrouble,whichhehas foundtobeitsimmediateeffects,to beworththediminutionOfhealth whichisitsconsequence.supposing thatthoseill-effectsareslight,andnot permanent.Wecannotsaythatstrong dringinmoderationissomanifestlyin. juriousthatamanfailsindueself-regardbyitsuse.Theeffectsabovementionedarenotwronginthemselves,and,therefore,theymaybesought bymeanswhicharenotwrong.Total abstinenceisnotasinequanonofperfection,nornecessarilyameanstoit."

Herewehaveacompletestatement oftheethicsfromanundoubtedauthority.Whilstontheethicsofthe question,itisonlynecessarytorefer totheBibletofindthattheuseof strongdrinkisnotforbiddeneitherin theOldortheNewTestament.There aremanyinstancestothecontrary. ByopposingProhibitionasanunwarrantedinvasionofthelibertyOfthe individual,wearenotfavouringthe immoderateuseofstrongdrink.Fr. Mathew,thegreatapostleoftemperance,attackedthedrinkingcustomsof hiscountrymen,andbyhiswonderful successnotonlyrescuedmanyfrom thefateofthedrunkard,but,byin.ducinghabitsofsobrietyandselfrestraint,hegavematerialassistance totheRepealmovement.YetFather Mathewnevercondemnedthemoderate drinker.Hiscampaignwasagainst theevilofexcess.ItistoAmerica, however,thatlandofextremes,whet- herinreligionorsocialmatters,that wemustlookfortheriseoftheProhibitionmovement.Thereanumber ofStateshavedeclaredforabsolute Prohibition,andth.sonthegrounds thatinthesebone-dryStatesthepeo-

plewouldbeimprovedmorallyandsodaily.Now,whatistheresultof ProhibitionintheseStates?.AccordingtotheRev.BernardJ.McNamara, D.D.,inthecurrentissueofthe"EcclesiasticalReview,""halfoftheAmericanpeopleareunderProhibition, and,asamatterofrecord,overhalf thepeopleofourcountrydonotenter achurch.Theylivewithoutreligion. Further,theStatesthatshowthelargestnumberofnon-churchgoersarethe ProhibitionStates-forinstance,Maine. Everyoneadmitsthatdivorceisoneof thegreatmoralcancersthatiseating awayoursocialorganism;yetitisa strangefactthattheProhibition States,asarule,showthegreatest numberofdivorces.Kansas,North Dakota.andMainearesadexamplesof thisfact.Thestatisticscompiledbythe UnitedStatesGovernmentshowthat onlyfivepercent.ofthedivorcesare grantedonaccountofdrink."Somuch fortheeffectofsettlingaquestionof thiskindbythebrutedoctrineof force,whichincludesatotaldisregard forthelibertyoftheindividual.

Thereis,however,anotheraspectof thequestionwhichthewritertreats veryfully,andthatishowProhibition,asintroducedinAmerica,hasaffectedtheCatholicChurch:"For2000 yearstheChurch,afterthemannerof ChristattheLastSupper,hasusedfermentedwineinthecelebrationof HolyMass."TheLegislatureofOklahoma,inthesessionof1917,passed whatisknownasthe"absolutelybonedrylaw."TheCatholicssawwhat wascoming,buttheywerepowerless. AstherewasonlyoneCatholicinthe Legislature,thewowsershadthings alltheirownway.Bythelawthen passedallsaleofliquorcontaining one-halfpercent.ofalcoholwaspro- hibited.Eventherailwayswerenot permittedtocarryit,andtheposses- sionofanyoftheprohibitedliquorwas deemedanoffence.Thelawapplied topriest,minister,ordoctor,who mightneedwineorspiritsintheper- formanceoftheirduties.Theresult isthatMasscanonlybecelebrated inOklahomabybreakingthelawof theState.TheCatholicChurchappealedagainstthelawasbeingult constitutional,buttheappealwasdisallowed,andithasbeentakenonto theSupremeCourt.WhentheCatholicsprotestedthatthelawwould interferewiththeexerciseoftheirreligion.theyweretoldtheycoulduse grapejuice.ThewowsershadtheupperhandinthatparticularState,and, ashasbeenshown,theyshamefully abusedtheirpower.InotherStates allowancewasmadeforsacramental cineinordertogettheProhibition Billsthrough;butthereisnoguaranteethattheseallowanceswillnotbe withdrawnatanytime,andthatthe lawwillberigorouslyenforced,asin thecaseofOklahoma.Catholicswill dowelltoponderoverthesefacts,foi havetheynotintheProhibitionmovementinAmericato-dayanobjectles. sonoftheevilofallowingtheirpersonallibertytobeinterferedwith? Prohibitionisoneoftheplanksofthe Puritanmovement,whichisvery muchinevidenceinAustraliato-day. Wehaveshownhowtheexerciseof religionmaybeaffected,butweneed notgotoAmericaforinstancesofthe attackmadeonthehealthyandwholesomerecreationsofthepeople.The exigenciesofthewarhavebeenused asastalking-horsebythewowserelementwhostandforthisrecrudescence ofPuritanism,butitiscomfortingto knowthatthesepeoplearenotlikely tohavethingsalltheirownway.This questionaffectsCatholicsvitally,aswe haveshown,butitalsoaffectsthedemocracyasawhole.Henceamovementtoprotectthelibertyofthepen- plehasbeenstarted,whichshowsthat

ahealthyreactionissettingin.The wowsershavegone-farenough,ana itistimetheywereshownthatAustraliawillcontinuetodoitspartinthe warwithoutallowingthepersonallibertyofthepeopletobesacrificedin thismanner.

KilledinAction

PTE.WILLIAMEDWARDWATSON, Killedinaction,May11th,1918; sonofJosephandMaryWatson,of 195Lord-street,Perth,formerlyof Kanowna.PrivateWatsonwas wellandfavourablyknown°athe goldfields,andenlistedinPerth, wherehewasemployedatthe WaterSupplyDepartment.R.I.P. Hisofficer,Lieut.Woods,haswrittenthefollowinglettertothepar- ents.ThelateLieut.B.J.Stubbs waskilledbesidePrivateWatson: "51st.Battalion,A.I.F.,France. May25,1918. "DearMr.Watson,-Iexpectyouwill havealreadybeenadvisedthatyour son.3230.Pte.W.E.Watson,waskilledinactiononthe11thMay.Hewas amemberoftheLewisgunsectionof myplatoon,No.1,andwewereholdingaseriesofoutpostsinfrontofVilliers-Bretanneau.Thelineatthetime happenedtobeveryquiet,andthe onlycasualtiesinthecompanyduring thefourdayswasthatofyoursonand threeothersslightlywounded.He wasonsentrygoearlymorning,and wassnipedfromaGermanjustabout 200yardsaway.Hewashitthrough thehead,andalthoughunconscious, livedforperhaps20minutes.Hewas buriedbythreemembersofthesectionthatnight,andacrosserected overhim,about750yardsdueE.of thestationatVillers-Bretanneux. whichisabout18,000yardsdueE.of Amiens.MayIofferyouthedeepest sympathyofthemembersofmypla- toon?--Believeme,verytrulyyours. "R.A.WOOD, 'Phone1341. G.GIBBS

LateM.HANNAY. WineandSpiritMerchant. CornerMURRAY&GEORGESTS., WESTPERTH. QualityGrocer,TeaandProvision MerchantandImporter.-OurMotto: SmallProfitsandQuickReturns.OrdersCalledforandDeliveredDaily.

HowJackFoleyDied

ThefollowingaccountofSergt.-Ma- jorFoley'sdeath,takenfromthe 'CampChronicle,"willbereadwithregretbyhismanyfriendsinthisState. JackwasagrandyoungIrishman,a fineCatholic,andoneofthebestsoldiersthateverlefttheWest.May hissoulrestinpeace:-"Wehavereceivedthefollowing letter(whichexplansitself)fromMr.J. R.Martin,formerlyoftheBellevue Hotel,whowrotefromtheHotelShamrock,Bendigo(Vic): "'TheEditor"CampChronicle":DearSir,-IamenclosingaletterI havejustreceivedfrommysonofthe 44th.Battalion,inwhichhedescribes thelastofpooroldJackFoley,oneofBlackboy'smostexcellentSergeantsMajor.InPaddywehavelostatrue manbelovedbyalltheboys,andashe hadsomanyfriendsinBlackboythe paragraphintheletterwill,Iamsure, beinterestingtomany." (001)3,-)

DearDad,-Justaline,aswe'ire goinginsoon,-andthefadlitiesthere arenil.Iamwellandkickingtodate,andhavenotseenenoughblood andslaughtertosettlemealtogether. OneoftheworstjobsIhavehadto datewaspoorJackFoley;hehadhii legsblowntopieces,andwehad-to bandagehimandcarryhimbackto theaidpost,butheonlylastedfib_ut halfanhourafterwegothimthere. Youcantellanyoftheboysthathe waspracticallykilledinstantaneously,foralthoughheaskedforwater afterwebandagedhim,Ithinkhewas halfunconscious."

BROOK,MAN'SBUILDINGS. 78BARRACK-STREET,PERTH, P.S.-TheLadies'ToiletRoomsare inchargeofMADAMEZECK.

DAVIES-FRANKLINCYCLEAND MOTORAGENCY, 178-180

wineandgrainproducers,andwillhelp inaverymaterialwaytomakeanimpoverishedcountrylikethispoorer still.Therevenuefromtheliquor tradeisnosmallitem.But,perhaps, theprohibitioncrew,intheirpeculiar wisdom,maydevisewaysandmeans tosolvethefinancialdifficulty,by,perhaps,floatingratandcatfarmsinthe NorthernTerritory,orahymn-book emporiuminsuchthrivingandprogressivecentresasthesuburbsofWan. neroo,orthebaulevardsofParkolilli. Prohibition,then.evenforawar period,isrankstupidity,ashackleon thelibertyofthepeople,andamillstonearoundtheneckofprogressin thisfairState,andallthroughthe Commonwealth.

Ofcourse,tothinkthatitisbecause oftheirsympathyforthereturned heroesthatthesecranksareoutisto missthemarkbyamileormore.Their oneobjectistomakeitaperpetual arrangementinthehopethattheymay pointtoitasoneofthegreatworks theydeludedthemselvesashavingdone forhumanity.Theseparsonicpretenderstophilanthropyaredyingforwork, but,sincetheyhavenofoundationsto workupon,theyfall,aroundthenecks ofteapots,andfeeltheythussave souls.Clergymenwhohaveareal mission,andwhoknowtheirwork,and doit,aretoobusysolvingrealproblemstopermitateapot,oraprohibitionanthilltostandbetweenthem andtheirduty.

NeglectoftheHoly Scriptures

andtemporalwelfareofrichandpoor. thebuildingandadornmentofmagnificentchurches,etc.Theinternal fruitsofsuchpreachingaswasin vogueinthosedaysmusthavebeen abundant;fortherewerenumerous saintsamongallsortsandconditions ofmen. CardinalManningusedtoleerto theneglectoftheHolyScripturesas oneofthechiefhindrancestothe spreadofChristianity.Thesaints anddoctorsoftheChurchregarded ignoranceoftheSacredWritingsasignoranceofJesusChristHimself,whose teachingisthestandardofmoralsand themedicineofthewoundsofhumanity.Mayitnotbethattheweak faithandworldlyspiritofsomany modernChristians,andtherapid spreadofinfidelity,aremainlydueto theneglectoftheHolyScriptures?The worldneverneededthesalutarylessonsoftheSermonontheMount,the ferventexhortationsofSt.Paul,the solemnwarningsoftheProphets,des counselsoftheWiseMan,orthe Psalmist'sspiritoftruepietyandpenance,morethanitneedsthemnow.

WillRussiaHelpGermany?

TheArchbishop,accompaniedbythe RightRev.MonsignorBourke,Very Rev.M.McGrath,

o'clock. DIOCESEOFGERALDTON.

ARequiemMasswillbecelebrated inthenewCathedralonthe19th.inst. forallAustraliansoldiers-non-CatholicaswellasCatholic-whohavebeen killedinthewar.

BishopKelly,whohasbeenonanextendedtourthroughtheMurchisonand Gascoynedistricts,bothofwhichform partoftheGeraldtonDiocese,returnedtoGeraldtonlastweek.

localandGeneral

MissM.Griffin,ofPerth,isspending aholidayatthe"NarroginInn,"Armsdale. a

OverfromtheEast.oursterlinglittle SenatorNeedham,whohasneveryet turnedhiscoat,orswervedfromthe principlesheknowstobetrue.Good lucktohim.Heislooking"inthe pink"ofform. w

TrainstotheArmadaleDancethis eveningat5,10,6.22,7.32,and9.55.

ThepeopleofMidlandJunctionassembledattheFriendlySocieties'Hall tobidfarewelltoMr.PeterMcCram, whohasbeentransferredtoMullewa. Theladiespresentedhimwithasetof militarybrushesandthegentsacase ofpipes.Theeveningwasspentin theusualway.Thosethatprovided themusicalitemswereMissGaynor, andMr.PatrickTroy.Thedance dancemusicwasprovidedbytheMissesBruton,Heagney,Willoughby,and Niland.Everythingwentwelluntil midnight,andendedupbyallsinging "AuldLangSyne." -*

Sergt.F.Cunninghamreturnedfrom theFrontlastweek,anddespitethe strenuousnatureofthecampaignand afewGermanbullets.looksfreshand well.

Mr.Stead,writingon"ChaosinRus. sia,"inthelastnumberofStead's, touchesonthepossibilityoftheGer mansbeingreinforcedfromRussia.He says:"Everythingpointstotheimperativeneedofreachingamilitary decisionatlatestin1919.Already, thankstosuper-humaneffortsofthe UnitedStatesGovernment.theAllied forcesmustoutnumbertheGermans greatly,butnotintrainedsoldiers. ThereareamillionAmericanmenin Francenow,butperhapsonly200,000 ofthesecangointothefiringline.But, bynextyear,themillionnowinEuropewillbeabletotakethefieldas trainedsoldiers,andifthetransportationrateofJunebemaintained,will havewiththematleastanother500,000readytoenterthetrenches,who wouldhavereachedFranceinJulyand August.Thisyearmustsurelysee thesupreme.effortofGermany,sofar asmanpowerisconcerned.Next yearourfoesmustbeonthedefensive, andouroverwhelmingnumericalsuperiorityshouldenableustobeginto drivethemslowlyback.Butthepossibilityoftheirgettingnotablereinforcementsin1920undoubtedlyexists, forbythattimeUkrainia,Lithuania, andtheBalticProvinceswhichhave comeintoexistenceunderthewingof Germanywouldhavesettleddownand mightprovefertilerecruitingareas. Then,too,thereisRussiaproper,where nooneknowswhatmighthappen. Thus,whilstin1919willundoubtedly beouryear,1920mightbetheenemy's Therefore,itisimperativeforusto getamilitarydecisionnextyearjust asitisnecessaryfortheGermansto getonethis.Ifbothsidesfailin theirattemptstoreachadecisionbeforetheendof1919,theprospectsof finishingthewarin1920or1921are notveryrosy"

Numerousreasonshavebeenassignedtoexplainthelukewarmnessof modemChristiansandthegrowthof infidelity-whysomanywhohavethe faithfallawayfromthepracticeofit; andwhysomanypassfromProtest. antismtoinfidelity,nevertoreturn. Ineachcasethenumberofbacksliders wouldseemtobeontheincrease.One explanationofthisdefectionfrom Christianprinciplesistobefoundin theneglectoftheSacredScriptures. IfChristianswholivedintheages calledoffaithwerelessworldlythan weare.andinfluencedtoagreater tentbytheteachingofChristthanthe generalityofpeopleinourtime,itwas probablybecausetheirknowledgeof theBiblewasmoreintimate,and theirChristianityconsequentlylessof aveneer. ThesuperiorknowledgeoftheSacredScripturestowhichwepretendallthistalkaboutanopenBible-is vainboasting.Itisgenerallysupposed-thesuppositionisnaturalenough-that,inourageofprinting,acquaintancewithHolyWritisincomparablygreaterthanitwasintheMiddleAges.Theverycontrary,however,isthetruth.Medievalpreachersweredistinguishedfortheirdeep andreadyknowledgeoftheBible,the neglectofwhichbeganwiththeReformation.Modernsermonsshow scantacquaintancewiththeSacred Volume,andcontainonlysuchreferencesasmaybgatheredoutofaconcordance.ThediscoursesofMedievalpreachers,ontheotherhand,are imbuedwiththeOldandtheNewTes. tament.Thequotationsarenotsuperficiallyadduced,withoutregardtoanalogy;butareselectedwithgreatcare, andbearstrikinglyonthesubjectunderconsideration.Theallusionsand referencestotheSacredVolumein Middle-Agesermonsaresurprisingly abundant.SoimbuedwiththeScriptureswerethoseoldtimepreachersthat theywereprobablyunawarehowlargelytheyemployedthewordsoftheinspiredwritings.Iftheirexplanations andcomparisonsoftenseemsomewhat forcedandfanciful,onemustconsider thegeneraltasteformysticismprevailinginthosetimes.

Thatthepeopleflockedtohearsuch sermons,thattheywerelistenedto withreverentattention,andthatthey boreabundantfruit,thehistoryofthe MiddleAgessufficientlyattests.It wasnot,wemaybecertain,idlecuriositythatledcrowdsofpeasantstofollowpreacherslikeSt.AnthonyofPadua;andthesepreachersmusthave knownhowtoadaptthemselvestothe requirementsoftheirhearersinorder toattractimmenseaudienceswherever theywent.TheeffectofMedieval preachingisshowninathousandways -bythedevotionofthepeopletothe officesoftheChurch,bythestrictobservanceofholyseasons,bytheestate lishmentofallsortsofguildstopromotethegloryofGodandthespiritual

NewsoftheArchdiocese

CALENDARFORAUGUST.

Sunday,18(Green)-ThirteenthSundayafterPentecost.

Monday,19(White)-OftheOctaveof theAssumption.

Tuesday,20(White)-St.Bernard,Abbot.

Tonight,Saturdaynight,isgoingto betheeventoftheyearatthe"Institute,"Armadale.Thebigdancewill beonfortheChurch,andallPerthites whowishtotakepartshouldmake suretoturnup.Ifyoumustmissthe KalgoorlieCup,makeupforthelossby payingavisittoArmadale.Forthose whowishtoremaininArmadaleovernight,bothhotelsaremakingspecial arrangements,thetariffwillbeexceptionallylight.Comebythethousand.

Mr.A.Duffy,ofBagot-road,Subiaco,hasreceivedwordthathisnephew,PrivateMartinDuffy,previously reportedmissing,isnowaprisonerof warinGermany,after31years'service inBelgiumandFrance.Anothernephew,PrivateM.Duffy,whowas wounded,hasreturnedtothefiring line. a

TheCatholicYoungMen'sCinderella DanceonTuesdaynight,wasapronouncedsuccess.Thefloorwasinits usuallivelyform,thedancingexcellent, andthegatheringalargeone.Mr.H. J.Gordonwastheorganiser.

Thereisnothingthematterwith Armadale.Gotheretothedancetonight,andseeforyourself.

Wednesdayeveninglast,alinentea wasgivenbytheparishionersatthe Presbytery,SouthPerth.Agreat crowdwaspresent,andthegiftsto FatherPacewereverynumerous. Gamesofvariousdescriptionswereindulgedin.

MissVeronicaMansfield,ofSubiacoroad,hasagainbeensuccessfulinpassingwithHonours(SeniorGrade)inthe recentTrinityCollege,London,music examinations. MissMansfieldis14 yearsofage,andapupiloftheSisters ofMercy,St.Joseph'sSchool,Subiaco. Hercousin,MissNorriedeMamiel,of Kalgoorlie,hasalsoreceivedtheTeachers'Diploma.Sheisapupilofthe St.Mary'sConventSchool,Kalgoorlie.

Besureandkeepyoureyeoutforthe euchrepartyanddanceoftheseason, whichcomesoffintheHibernianHall on21st.August.MissNoraO'Mahony, whoalwaysdoesthingsinstyle,isthe hon.secretary.Soyoumayreasonablyexpectagreatnight':entertainment.

ThemanyfriendsoftheRev.BrotherBurke, ofGlendaiough,who underwentaseriousoperationsomelittlewhileagoinSt.JohnofGodHospital,willbepleasedtohearthatheis movingaboutagain,andisonthefair waytohisformerhealthandstrength. Hehashadalongspellofillness,and thoughnotbulkingsocompactaspreviously,wetrustitwillnotbemany weeksbeforethegeniallittleOblate Brotherwillbebacktohisoldform

SPECIALNOTICE.

TrainsleavePerthforArmadas nextSaturdaynightat5.10,6.n,7.32, and9.55.Thereturntrain,whichwill leaveatareasonablehour,isbeing speciallyarranged.Thedancewill beginat8o'clock.

SpeakingattheYoungIrelandSociety'ssocialanddanceonWednesday last,SenatorNeedhamstatedthatin thissupposedlyfreeanddemocratic countryitwasalmostacrimeatpresenttobeanIrishman.Hewasthankfultosaythatuptothepresenthe hadescapedinternment(Laughter). ReferringtotheinternmentsofIrishmen intheEasternStates.hesaidthatthe arrestswereeffectedbarely48hours afterParliamenthadprorogued.He couldassurehishearers,however,that assoonasParliamentre-assemblesan explanationwouldberequiredasto whythesemenhadbeenkeptsolong withoutatrial.

WillyWattandhisWin-the-Warfollowingwillhavetoansweraquestion ortwowhenParliamentre-assembles. SenatorNeedhamwillseetothat.

Byspecialrequest,theYoungIrelandSocietyhasdecidedtoholdanothersocialanddanceearlynext month.

9

AsusualtheYoungIrelandSociety's socialanddanceonWednesdaylast wasawonderfulsuccess.TomButler'ssingingbroughtdownthehouse, andhehadtorespondtoanencore.

KeepAugust28vacant.FullparticularsnextissueofthegrandAllIrishConcerttobegivenbytheYoung IrelandSocietyonthatnight.

Wednesday,21(White)-St.Jane FrancesdeChantel,W.

Thursday,22(White)-Octaveofthe AsumptionBlessedVirginMary.

Friday,23(Whitel-VigilofSt.Bartholomew,Apostle.

Saturday,24(Red)-St.Bartholomew, Apostle.

St.FrancisXavier'sCathedral,Geraldton,willbesolemnlyblessedand openedto-morrow.ManyfromPerth havesignifiedtheirintentiontobepresent.HisLordshipDr.Kelly,Bishop ofGeraldton,willblesstheCathedral, andtheMostRev.Dr.Cline,C.SS.R., ArchbishopofPerth,willpreachthe occasionalsermon.

HisGracewillpresideatthebig YoungIrelandConcertattheHibernianHall,onWednesday28.Proceeds willbetoGosnells'proposednew Church.Thisconcertwillbeanovelty,andallpatronsofIrishmusic shouldbepresent.

« w

Rev.J.O'Rourke,ofPortAugusta, arrivedinPerthlastweek.Heisvery muchimpressedwiththiscity,andis theguestofRev.Phil.Sheridan,St. Joseph's,Subiaco.

InresponsetoaninvitationextendedtohimbytheMotherSuperior,the Premier(Mr.H.B.Lefroy)visitedthe PresentationConventCollegeand school,Geraldton,onFridayafternoon, 9th.inst.Hewasaccompaniedbythe Mayor(Mr.F.Green)andthememberforGeraldton(Mr.J.C.Willcock). ThePremierdeliveredashortaddress ofencouragementtothepupils,inthe courseofwhichhesaidtheyshould feelgratefulforhavingsuchafine institutionintheirmidstforeducationalteaching.Theparty,before leaving,wereentertainedbytheSistersatafternoontea.

Thechildren'splainandfancydress ball,atKing'sHall,Subiaco,onAugust29th.,promisestobeoneofthe premiersocialeventsoftheseason. Theproceedswillbedevotedtothe ChurchBazaarFund.So,nowcomes achanceforallthefancysetsfrom MidlandJunctiontoFremantle.Make upyourmind,andbringyourset along.MissJonesistheenergetichon. secretary.Ticketswillbels.each.

Mr.andMrs.Cavanagh,andMiss Cavanagh,wellknownresidentsofAlbany,arespendingaholidayinthe city.TheseniorCavanaghboyrecentlypaidthelastpenaltyinthe frontline,France.

w

Will

Mr.PatrickO'Shaughnessy, formerlyofBruff,Co.Limerick,Ireland.kindlycommunicatewiththe Editorofthispaper.Correspondence fromhomeawaitshimatthisoffice.

OldmembersoftheC.Y.M.S.will rememberErnieWoolcott,whoworked withtirelessindustrytokeepthe "boys"together,andtoadvanceevery interestofthesocietythatcouldmake foritswelfare.Ernie,withmany anotherofhiscolleagues,answeredthe soundofthebugleandwenttothe war.Thosewhoknewhimwellwill regrettolearnthathemadethesupremesacrificelastmonth.Mayhis soulrestinpeace.

MembersoftheHibernianSocietyin thisStateandelsewhere,wheretheorderisestablished,willbesorrytohear thatMr.MichaelO'Dea,lateNational PresidentoftheSociety,liesseriously illathishomeinThomas-street,West Perth.Allwhoknowthisbig,genial, whole-heartedCatholicCeltwillweare surepraythathewillpullthroughhis veryseriousillnessandberestoredto healthand-strengthagain.ThisThursdaymorningwelearnthereisanimprovementinhiscondition.Ourearnest hopeandprayeristhatitwillbemaintained,andthathislifewillbepreservedformanyyearstocome.

TheCatholicYoungMen'sSociety areouttohelptheCathedralBazaar. Withthisobjectinviewaplainand fancydressballwillbeheldundertheir patronageonTuesday,August27th.,in theHibernianHall.Mrs.Millerwill supplythemusic,andthesecretarial dutiesarebeingundertakenbyMessrs. EvertandL.Townsend.Thaproceeds areinaidoftheSt.VincentdePaul Stall,andanearnestappealismadeto allfriendstoparticipateinthefunction,

SATURDAY,AUGUST17,1918.

SportsandPastimes

(By"Wattle.")

Saturday'sResults, EastPerth,7.13155points),defeated Perth.5.11(41points).

SouthFremantle,10.12(72points). deefatedWestPerth,6.5(41points).

EastFremantle.12.7(79points).defeatedSubiaco. (42points).

EastPerthv.Perth.

PlayedatPerthOval;umpire,Crapp. Theweatherconditionswereidealand thegroundlikewise,AgoodcrowdattendedtoseeifPerthcouldreverse theverdictgiveninfavourofyoung Eastsattheirlastmeeting.Perth openedincharacteristicfashion,and withinaminuteoftheinitialbounce hadasplendidopportunityofscoring fullpoints,butGiesemis-kicked,and aminoronlyresulted.Onceagain wasachancegiventhemtoscoremaximumpoints,butthekickingagain wasatfault.Theplaywastaken fromendtoendveryquickly,butat thebellEastshadahandylead.Scores: EastPerth,4.2;Perth,2.2. Theopeningofthesecondtermwas similartothefirst.Theredlegs rushedtheballforward,butonceagain missedthecorrectopening.Theplay wasofanevencharactefthroughout thisterm,andhadTyson'smenbeen moreaccurateintheirgoal-shooting theleadwouldhavebeentheirs.On severaloccasionsbothsidestreated AthespectatorstosomeverynicefootLall.LowstabpassingwasEasts' forte,whilePerthgainedtheirobjectivebygoodlongpuntsandopen. play.Therewereseveralgoodtusslesbetweenopposingplayers,notably ChestersandReynolds,thehonoursbeingwiththelatter,whileintheruck TysonandSlatteryprovedwellmatchedopponents.Thescoresathalf-time were:EastPerth,5.5;Perth,2.8.

Brieflets. Crapp'sinterpretationpleasedallbut thehopelesslyone-eyedspecimenofbarracker.Underthisheadwerea numberoftheleadingsupportersofthe winningteam. PerthmissedGeorgeMcKenzie. BertHarroldsentdownforwardina previousmatch,whenontheinjured list,hasbecomeapermanentforward. Henotchedtwo"sixers"onSaturday, andplayedunselfishlytotheother goal-gettersonmorethanoneoccasion, Thepassingoftheredlegswaspoor, insharpcontrasttothatoftheiropponents. Maggsplayedexcellentfootball.His markingwasequaltoanythingonthe ground,andheinvariablydisposedof theballtoadvantage.

"Digger"Thomasatcentrewasa powerofstrengthtohisside.Has anyoneeverseen'Digger"misshis kick?Noneedtoexhortthisplayer to"getridofit."Asplendidpattern foraspiringfootballers.

Hewsonshoneattimes,butatothers wasquiteovercloudedbyThomas.One lookedinvainformantomantusslesbetweenthesetwo.Wasitacase of"onefrightenedandtheothernot game"?

Reynoldsplayedwithallthedash thatisthehall-markofagoodfootballer. Tysonfollowedtirelessly.Heheld hisownwiththeopposingruck.His kickingwasgoodasusual.

* VictorianGoalGetters.

SecondarySchools'Football. C.B.C.v.HighSchool. PlayedatLoton'sPark,Wednesday, 7th.inst.;umpife,Willoughby.The gamewasveryonesided,atnostage didtheHighSchoolboysflattertheir supporters.Theiropponentsexcelled ineverydepartmentofthegame.The progressivescoreswere:[ FirstQuarter.

C.B.C.,3.4. HighSchool,1.1. SecondQuarter.

C.B.C.,8.7, HighSchool,1.1. ThirdQuarter.

C.B.C.,10.10. HighSchool,1.3.

Aglanceatthehalf-timescores showsthat,onpaper,bothsideshad anequalnumberofshotsforgoal,and itwasagoodguideastotheplay.In onedepartmentdidEaststriumphhighmarking.Theywereontheir owninthis.Notthehigh"skyscraper,"butincleanmarkingabovethe head.Onlyoneoftheiropponents approachedthestandardsetbythe hometeam-Maggs.Thisplayerwas consistentlygood-indeeditishislong suit.OccosionallyWatts,MsKenzie, orTysonbroughtonedownwhenopposed,butitwasveryrarely.Perth madeupsomeleewayinthisterm,but thesupportersoftheroyalblueswere notnervous,theirteamwasplaying goodfootball,andplayingconfidently, too.Scoresat"lemons"were:East Perth,6.7;Perth,4.10.

Aninterestingphaseinfootballusuallvistheindividualgoal-kicking,but thisyearnotoneplayerstandsout muchabovetheothers.OneisfamiliarwiththenamesofR.Lee,whoheld therecordeachseasonforanumber ofyears,andFreake,ofFitzroy.They arebothoutoftherunningthisseason.Freakehaskicked26goalsto date,butLee,whohasonlyplayedin sixorsevenmatches,hasthemeagre titalof12goals,hissmallestaggregate sincehebeganto"star"asaforward yearsagowithCollingwood.Hisknee hasbeenabighandicaptohim,buthe expectstoplayinthefinals.Another crackgoalistinMcNamara,whois playingforthefirstseasonforseveral years.hasanaggregateofonly15goals -forSt.Kilda.McNamarahasvery bigfigurestohisname.In1912,when playingforEssendon(A.),hekicked 107goals;andtheyearbeforehecredited81goalstothesameclub.Other

Thelasttermwasinfavourofthe ultimatewinners.Theplaywasinclinedtoberough,butCrappkepta firmhold,andtheresultwasthat playersfounditpaidtogoafterthe ballandnotplaytheman.Easts,as usual,werefinishing"fullofrunning," andtheballwasdowntheirendfor thegreaterpartofthe25minutes, buttheirforwardswerenotinthe goal-gettingvein,foroutofsevenshots onlyonefounditsintendeddestination-betweenthebigsticks.Perthhad twoshotsforgoaland"brokeevens" -oneofeach,amajorandaminor. ThefinalbellsoundedwithEasts14 pointstothegood,thus:EastPerth, 7.13:Perth,5.11. Forthewinners,Slattery,Harrold, Thomas,King.HayesandReynolds weremostserviceable,andforPerth, Maggs,Outridge,Tyson,Smith,Banks andR.McKenziegavegooddisplays.

Goalkicers:Outridge(2),Smith, Giese,andHewsonforPerth;andfor EastPerth,Hayes(3),Harrold(2), Hayes,andKing.

EastFremantlev.Subiaco. PlayedatFremantle;umpire.Willoughby.Anuninterestinggame,as expected.OldEastsmadelightof thetaskofdowningtherepresentatives ofthe"modelsuburb."Thefinalscores were:EastFremantle,12.7;Subiaco. 6.6. Goal-kickersforthewinnerswere, Cain(4),Lawn(3),Riconi(2),Truscott(2).andSheedy.andforSubiaco. Sampson(4),Rodgersand

SouthFremantlev.WestPerth. PlayedatSubiaco;umpire.Craig. Thisgame,thoughwonbySouths,was adealmoreinterestingthanthe scoresmightsuggesttoanabsentee. Southshadagoodsideout,andthey madeitclearthattheywere"outfor keeps."Westsplayedgoodfootball, butweighttoldatale,andtheyreceivedanotherdefeat,butinmany waysthegamewasmostsatisfactory tothem.Itwaseasilytheirbestexhibitionoftheseason.Thefinal scoreswere:SouthFremantle,10.12; WestPerth,6.5. Goalkickersforthewinnerswere, Comben(4),Whiteley(3),Griffithg. SunderlandandMaxwell.andforthe loser,,Moore(21.Quinn,Hamsley, HoareandGray.

ThiswasdecidedonSaturdaylast, andNorthMelbourneaddedtotheir longlistofwinsbyeasilydefeating Prahran-18.13(121points)to3.10(28 points). *

To-Day'sGames. WestPerthv.Subiaco,atSubiaco. Perthv.SouthFremantle,atW.A.

C.A. EastFremantlev.EastPerth,at PerthOval.

Final. C.B.C.,15.14(104points). HighSchool,1.3(9points).

Forthewinners,Pozzi,Hanson,Ross, BoladerasandCatlingwerethemost prominent,andforthelosers.Hunt ingdon,Bremner,andVeryard. Goal-kickersforthewinnerswere

AuntBessy'sCorner

MydearChildren,-Lastweek,probably,younoticedalittledifference (justaverylittleone)inthestyleof myrepliestoyourletters.Iwasunfortunateenoughtocaptureaninfluenzamicrobeduringavisittotown, anditlaidmeasideforanissueofthe "Record."Iamtoldtheprinterwas pleased-butIthinkthat'sonlyhis wayofjoking.Printershavefunny ways,andit'shardtounderstandthem sometimes.WhilstIwasreadingJack Craig'sletter-whichyouwillfindin thebunchthisweek,aladyfriendwho frequentlyjoinsmeinmyusualfive o'clockteadroppedin,andIbegged her,knowingherkindnessofheart,to beAuntBetsyjustforoneweek,and helpmetodowhattheinfluenzadidn't wantmetodo-soshewasthegood angelwhospokesocharminglytoyou lastweek.ThisunpleasantEuropean traveller(Imeantheinfluenza)has beenanunwelcomevisitortothecity lately,andmanyhavebeenforcedto callinthedoctorowingtoitsunwelcomevisits.Ihopewiththebright sunshineandfineweatherthatthenew moonandthemanattheObservatory promisesus.wewillsoonseethelast ofourEuropeannuisance.Ihave quiteashoaloflettersnearbyme, andsomeofthem(theKalgoorlieones) haveadistinctliteraryflavouring.I amdelightedbythenewattentions thatarebeinggivenme,andIamsure myCornerwillbegreatlyilluminated bythem.MylittleAlbany,Bunbury, andDonnybrookfriends,whorallyme occasionally,willhavetowakeupand showthecleverboysonthegoldfields thatallthewitand-wisdomofthe Westisn'tlockedupthereabouts.What isFrankSullivan,TomPower,andCo. doingthatIhaven'thadtheircommentsoncurrenttopicstoreadand addtomystoreofknowledge?They mustn'tslumbertoolong-greatthings arebeingdonethesedays,andIshall begladtoreadtheirreflectionsonall andevery(asthelawyerssay).

ingfineweatheryouwillhavelittleto complainof.Ishallbeveryglad whenthewarisfinishedandbloodand slaughterarenolongerterriblerealities.-Yourloving,AUNTBESSY.

Orchard-street,Albany.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamwritingthis lettertodescribetheAltarofSt.Joseph'sChurch.Thosewhobrought theflowerstodecorateitweretwo girlsandfourboys,RobandKeith Kitson,JoeJohnson,andmyself.The altarlookedlikeawhitebedofflowersandgold,daffodilsinbetween.It tookRev..MotherallSaturdaytodo it.Therewasonlyenoughroomfor thepriesttogoupanddownthealtar. AfterthetwoMasseswereoverthe lillieswereputonthestepsofthealtar.andallthecandleswerelit,which madethealtarlookfreshandbright. Ithinkthisisallforthepresent.Love totheweeones.-Yourlovingnephew, TOMJONES.

-Manythanks.mydearTom,foryour nicelittleletter,andyourmentionof St.Joseph'sAltar.Iamsureitwas delightfulworkforyouandyourcompanionstofindtheflowerstomakeit looksobeautiful. 1knowitwasa laborofloveforRev.Mothertodecorateit.withsuchpatienceandcare. ThedearSt.Josephsmiled,Iamsure, inacknowledgementofsuchdevotion andaffection.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

St.Joseph'sConvent,Albany. August6,1918.

thealtarwereputacrossthesteps, withcandlesdottedinbetweenthem, andtheylookedverynice.TheflowersweresuppliedbyTomJones,Joe Johnson,KiethandRobKitson.A clothes'basketOflilies,snowdrops,and daffodilsweregivenbyKittyGomm, andEmilyMossleybroughtmixed flowers.Somepeoplealsobrought candles-Yoursincerenephew, CECILFURLONG. Thankyou,Cecil,foryourniceletter.Iamsureyouandyourcompanionswereverynappywhenyou sawthebeautifuleffectyourflowers gavetothealtar.Iamdelightedto knowthatmylittlefriendcontributed tothedecorationsinnosmallmeasure.-Yourloving,AUNTBESSY.

usedit?Allgoodwishes,mydear, newestnephew.Istrokedtabbythe strokethatIamsureyouwouldgive him,butnotthesortofstrokeIam confidentyouoftengetfromyour teacher.Yourdelightedandmuchamused, AUNTBESSY.

TomKavanagh(brotherofmylittle friendMaggie)wonthetremendous bigstocking,8ft.longandcrammed withhiddentreasures,inCousinAilv's rninn.NowIhopethe .ornishownbyallmyniecesand !:vphewslatelybythenumberofletter,:Ihavereceivedwillcontinue,and thatwillhavethepleasureofclosingouryear'sworkwith,atleast,the goodresultsshownlastyear.Toallof Oitdthewarmloveofyourloving AUNTBESSY.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. it,. rumlamesSullivan, Huabury.forthe"WeeOnes." .'s dearnephew.Iamvery AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Letter-writing, likeotherfevers,issometimescatching, andasthegirlsarewritingIamfollowingtheforceofgoodexample.I haveneverwrittentoyoubeforebut Ihope,dearAuntBessy,youwillacceptagrown-upniece.Well,Imust giveyoualittleinformation.The Childreq,ofMaryhadalittlesociala fortnightago,andeveryonethoroughly enjoyedit.TheSodalitykeptthe AdorationhoursrightthroughwithoutabreakonSunday,andweare gladthefloraltributesweresupplied bytheboysandgirlsofSt.Joseph's Club.Weareproudofourlittleclub.

Ourcoloursaregreen,gold,andheliotrope,andwegotoHolyCommunion onthesecondSunday(allwhocango thatdaylandthosewhocannotgo anotherday.Wearehavingdelightfuldays,andifyoucouldcomeupyou bylilyfields.With muchlovefromyourlovingniece, ELLENDONOVAN.

Kalgoorlie,August8,1918. DearAuntBessy,-Yourappealfor morerelations,nephewsandnieces,in the''Record"twoweeksbackmakes mehastentonumbermyselfamong thosewhopleaseyouwithepistles. DearAunt,IhavereadthatMr. Blatchford,agreatEnglishjournalist, getspeopletowritehalfhisnewspaper fornothingby'tankingthemvery angry.Firstofallallwhoagreewith himwritetosayso,andsecondlythose whodonotagreewithhimwriteto contradicthim.Trythat.Aunt Betsy.Makeallyournephewsand niecesangry;callthemnames:Perhaps thatwillbringasheafofcorrespond-. ence.Withthebestofgoodwishes'= andastrokeforthecat.Iam,your latestKalgoorlienephew, FRANKO'BRIEN. Iamgladyounavehastenedtobea newnephew,mydearFrank.Youare verywelcome,andIhopetohaveyour helptointerestmymanylittlefriends andthethousandswhoreadourpage. WhatRobertBlatchfordmightbeable todowiththeEnglishpeopleIamsure IcouldnotdowithAustralianboys andgirls.Theplanmightworkwith theboys,butI'mafraidnotwiththe girls;boysshoutandtalkalot-girls don't.Theyriotwhentheygetangry andwigsflyabout.SoI'minclinedto thinkI'ddoavastamountofmischief bytakingyouradvice,andperhaps -breakupmyhappyhome-whichis "TheCorner."Didyoucometostay, Frank!Ihopeso.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

32Richardson-street,13oulderCity. July31,1918.

PoliceStation,ThreeSprings. August4,1918. DearAuntBessy,-Justalinetoask youifyoureceivedmypostalnote whichI-enclosedtoyouonMarch12th, andatthesametimetoaskyouto sendmesomeSt.Patrickbuttons.I havewatchedevery"Record'-'-since, butithasnotbeenputin,soIthought Ihadbetteraskyoudidyougetit. LastnightCorriereadapieceoutof thepaperaboutamanwhosawatrain about30yardsoff,wholaidhishead acrossoneoftherailsandhislegs acrosstheotherandwatchedthetrain coming,andnooneknewwhohewas. Well,dearAuntBessy,Iamsending alittlemoneyforyoutobuylolliesfor theweeones.IsupposeIhadbetter bringmylettertoaclose.-Yourlongsilentniece, MOLLIEIIONNER.

Yes,Mollie,yourpostalnotecame safelytohandonMarch6th.Ican't understandhowImissedacknowledgingitwiththeothers.Thatwasa Verysadaccidentyouspeakof.Poor man,hecouldnothavebeenrightin hismind.Goldhelphim.Thanks formoneyforsweets.Thebabies shallhavethem.-Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

NOTE.-Anumberoflettersareheld over.Theywillappearinournext issue.-AUNTBESSY.

OurPastimeCircle

CeadnetedbyCousinAlly. MyDearCousins,-Youwillwonder whathasbecomeofMetheselastfew weeks,butinfluenzahasbeenvisiting meandnecessitatedmystayingindoors.Thisweekyouwillseethe prizewinnersofJuly27th.andAugust 2nd.puzzles,andinthefutureIwill onlygivethepuzzleseverymonth.I willbelookingforwardforallmyold cousinsrenewingtheiracquaintances.

MundaringWeir, August5th,1918. ,eaiAuntyBessy,-Youweresaying the"Record"thatyoucouldn't itoutwhyyoureceivedonly JrlettersandCousinAilysixty. WeilIthinkitisthechancetheyhave ofwinningaprizethatmakesthedifference.ImightsayIwasamong thatsixty.butnotamongthelucky ones.Wehavejusthadashortspell offine,sunnyweather,butitseemsas ifitisover,asitisrainingagainnow. Well.Idon'tobjecttothecoldwea-, thermyself,butithastwofaults,and theyare,first,itbringsonthosepests ofchilblainsofwhichIamanunhappy sufferer;thesecondfaultiswhenyou havetogetupinthemorningand gotoschool:that'sthetimeyoufeel thefrost.TheWeirisstilloverflowing,andallthegoldenandsilver wattlesarenowinfullbloom.An excursiontrainrunsuphereeverySun. day.Wearealllookingforwardtoour mid-winterholidays,whichweexpect togetwithinafewweeks.Itseems asiftheAlliesaregettingabitof theirownbackontheGermanslately, Itistobehopedthattheywillkeepit up.Surelyfouryearsofbloodshed andslaughterisquietlongenough. Whenitisallsaidanddone,itisfora simplereasonthatallofthisbloodshediscarriedon.Iwillnowsay au-revoirforthepresent.Hopingto findyouenjoyingthebestofhealth,as thisleavesme.-Yourlovingnephew, TOM. Alwaysgladtohearfromyou,dear Tom.Isupposeyoupavegivena validreasonwhymyletter-boxdoesn't getsocrammedasCousinAily's.It's thegamblingspirit,yousay,thataccountsforthespecialattentiongiven toCousinAils'.Well,whatanold foolishpersonIam.Iwasunderthe impressionmyniecesandnephewshad ahighermotiveinview.,CertainlyI didthink,first,itwasloveforthe"wee ones,"and,secondly,forme,thatthe Cornerwaskeptagoingconcern.I'm tryingtomakeitgointheinterests ofmyniecesandnephews'amusement,andmentalimprovement,butchiefly forthe"weeones."WhenIfailto helpthelatter,myworkwillbedone. Iamsorrythechilblainstroubleyou somuch,butIhopewiththeapproach-

My-dearEdeM.-Iamdelightedto welcomeagrown-upnieceamongstmy littlefriends.Youhavesetagood examplethatIhopewillbefollowed bymanyothersinourCatholicschools. Igladlyacceptyouasaniece,andI hopeyouwillwriteoftenanddoyour besttopromotethegoodworkour pageisdedicatedto.Iwishwehad manymoreclubslikeSt.Joseph's-I tooamveryproudofit,andIalways amdelightedwhenIgetabundleof lettersfromthemanybrightlittle friendsIhaveamongstyour.companions.Someday,please"God,Ihope topayAlbanyavisit,andalsothe club.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

St.Joseph's.School,Albany.

DearAuntBessy,L-Iamwritingto youtotryanddescribetheAltaron Sunday.Flowerswereprovidedby membersofSt.Joseph'sClub,andcan diesweregivenbymanyofthecongregation.Nodoubtyouknowthat Sundaywassetapartforthepeople toofferuptheirprayersforpeace. WatchwaskeptbytheSistersandthe ChildrenofMary'sSodality,ofwhichI havethehonourofbeingamember. TheAltarwasbeautifullydecorated withlovelywhitesnowdropsandlilies. Thevaseswerearrangedsonicely, whichaddedtomaketheAltarbrighter.Thecandlesilluminatedthewhole Church,andcastadazzlingbrightness onalltheAltar.Well,Aunt,myattempttodescribetheAltarwasnot howIwouldliketotellaboutit,but Iwillendmyletterhere.-Yourwould.

beniece, RUBYPERKINS.

Amverypleased,dearRubythatIntercessionDaywassobeautifullyobservedinyourparish.Ihopethegood effectofthenumberlessprayersofferedthroughouttheArchdioceseon thatdaywillbetohastentheendof theterriblewarthathasbeenpunishingtheworldformorethanfouryears. Iwasmuchinterestedbyyourletter, and,mydearRuby,Ihopeyouwill writeoftenerthanyouhavebeento yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Ulster-road,Albany. August5.1918.

DearAuntBessy.-Sunday,August 4th..fortheanniversaryofthewar,the altarwasdecoratedwithliliesand snowdrops.AftersecondMassthe BlessedSacramentwasexposedand theflowerswhichwereatthesidesof

DearAuntBessy,-Yourcomplaint aboutthesmallnumberofyournephewsattheC.B.C.,Kalgoorlie,Iregard inthelightofachallenge.DearAunt Bessy,1amgladtoseethatyouhave agoodconceitofyourself,inasmuchas vonareconfidentthatthedespatchof yourphoto.tothefieldswouldresult inanaugmentationofthenumberof yournephews.Perhaps,then,Aunt Bessy,youwouldbeginwithprideto numberyoursubjectslikeKingDavid did,andwhoknowswhatcalamity mightbeusheredininconsequence? Anyhow,AuntBessy,NormanMaxwell isnotagoodjudgeofbeauty,andI doubtwhetheritisworthwhilesendingthephoto.Thebeautifulweather ofwhichhetoldyoustillcontinues. andIhopethatyouandthecatare stillblessedwiththesunlightofwhich youtolduslastweek.Speakingof sunlight.Haveyoueverseen**Sunlightsoap?"Ihave.Withgood wishesandastrokeforthecat,Iconstitutemyself,withyourpresumedper. mission,yournewestnephew, JACKCRAIG. Delighted,Jack,thatyouhavetaken up"my"challenge.Butisitmy challenge?Youthiseverheroic.God blessit;ithaslastedlongerinmethan Ithoughtitwould.Iamstillyoung enoughtoenjoyatilt,evenwitha windmill.That'sperhapsbecausethe redbloodoftwoMunsterCounties runslikeaprairiefirethroughmy veins.Iamnotreallyconceited,my clearJack,thoughImighteasilybe forgiventhatlittlevenialfaultifI were;isn'titaprivilegeofmysex? Theappearanceofmyphoto.onthe fieldswouldIamconfidentbeaninspirationtomostoftheboysatthe C.B.C.,andtooneold.boyinparticularwhoisnotunknownintheclassic zoneofJandakot.They,withthe characteristicboldnessoftheAustralian,wouldn'tworrymuchaboutthe calamityofKingDavid'ssubjects; they'ddotherightthingandbrave whatevertheaftermath.Soyouthink NormanMaxwellisn'tagoodjudge ofbeauty?Well,now,ShaunMachree, whosaidyouwere?I'llsendmy photo.notwithstanding.Perhapsthe beautifulweatheryouareenjoying willaidyoutoaclearerperspective, andmavhapyou'llnotfinditaninsuperabledifficultyafteralltolocate theRomanlinesofbeautyinmy classicfeatures.Tabbyisenjoying thesweetsunshineto-day;heisaremarkableoldtabby,andIwishyou couldfeelhisweight;heisasheavyas someofourwin-the-waradvocates,bat infinitelymoreinteresting.Youhave seenSunlight'Soap,haveyou!Shacks. Jack,haveyou!Buthaveyouever

"Worker,"intheLiverpoolCatholic "Times,"ofApril13th.,writes:Withtheutmost

itwasstated lastweekinthecommentsofthe"CatholicTimes"onthequestionofmilitaryservicethat,scfarasIrelandis concerned,the"SaturdayReview"and certainotherjournalsareacurseto England.Thepolicytheypursuehas createdenmityagainstEnglandinIreland,andtheyareworkingwithmight andmaintokeepupthatfeelingand makeitstronger. BythistimemostEnglishmenought toknowthecharacteroftheIrishman. Dealkindlywithhim,lethimseeyou arearealfriend,strivetounderstand hisviews,tosympathisewithhisdemo. craticprinciplesandhisloveofcountry,andthereisnomanofanyland onwhosegoodwillyoucanmoreconfidentlyrely.Thatiswhyhehasso oftenshownsuchkeenappreciationof theworkofEnglishstatesmenwno haveendeavouredtobetterthepeople's condition.Butunhappily,whenever suchexcellentrelationshavebegun togrow,thepapersinquestionandthe classestheyrepresent,havedestroyed thembytheirhostilitytotheIrishman. Theyareagainsthisprinciples,dislikehisreligion,opposehisaspirations, favourandadvocatewhathebelieves tobeencroachmentsonhisrights,hate hisdemocraticleanings,systematise misrepresentationofwhatbedoesand says,butwhentheywanthishelp seektobullyhimbymeansofabuse andthreats.ThatisastyleofPrussianismwhichtheIrishman,aboveall, resents.AsIhaveremarked,heis easilyinfluencedbykindness,butattempttocowhim,tofrightenhim,to subduehimbythemenaceofsuperior force,andyouwillfindnoonemore obdurate,morecross-grained,lessinclinedtoyield.

believedtohavebeenshotdowninthe riotsinNewYork."Thisfromapaper thathasbeenconstantlyandbitterly hostiletothepeopleofIreland.And the"SaturdayReview,"whichisalso eloquenton"thescandalofIreland," warnstheUnionistmembersthatthey mustopposeHomeRule.Theymust, ittellsthem,"insistonpoliticsbeing droppeduntilafterthewarisover." IsthatthewaytosecurethemilitaryserviceoftheIrish?Obvidbsly itis,onthecontrary,thewaytoarouse theiranger.TheIrishmanwouldnot behumanifhedidnotfeelindignant andresentfulatsuchanattitude.The worstofthematteristhatthemen whoprovoketheIrishman'swrathby theiroffensivenessandintolerenceat alltimes,areevertohimtherepresentativesofEngland'spowerwhichthey 'control-anddirectinIreland,though themajorityoftheEnglishpeopledo notsharetheirsentiments.Itis principallytheirdoingthatIrishjails arefullofpoliticalprisonersandthat therelationsbetweenEnglandandIre. landaresuchacontrasttowhatthey werebeforethewar.

ReligiousWorkfor Japanese

NowtheIrishmanisnotawarethat hehasverywarm-heartedfriendsin England,and,speakinggenerally,he knowsthatthemassesoftheworking classescanbecountedassympathisers, butinthegovernmentofhisown country,inwhich,accordingtohisdemocraticprinciples,heoughttohave thesupremevoice,hefindsthepeople forwhomthepapersreferredtobythe "CatholicTimes"speak,asaruleon top. TaketheperiodofMr.Bissell'sChief Secretaryship.Agreatdealofthe bitternesswhichhadbeenintroduced intoIrelandbyclassesandcliqueswho areasantagonistictotheclaimsofthe Englishworkingmanastheyareto thoseoftheIrishmanwasdyingout. ButwhenaBillwasbroughtinand pushedoninParliamentforthepurposeoflegallyrecognisingtherightof theIrishmantomanagehisownaffairs,thepapersandtheclassesin questiondideverythingpossibletoencouragearevolt.Theysentouttons ofliteraturevilifyingtheIrishman, misrepresentinghiscreed,andpouring contemptandscornoneverythinghe helddear.ThenthereweretheCarsoniteparades,thedefiancesofthelaw andtheGovernment,andtheCurragh incident,inwhichGeneralGough,who wasincommandoftheFifthArmy, andhasbeenreplacedbyGeneralRawlinson,figured.TheGovernment,Mr. Bina,allwhooccupiedpositionsof authority,werestampeded,andnothingwasdonetovindicatethelaw whichwasoutraged. Butwhentheexamplewhichhad beengivenborefruitintheDublinrising,theleadersoftherevoltwereat onceshotbyGeneralMaxwellandthe severestcoercionwasappliedtothe country.Themenwhopromptedthe CarsoniterebellionandtheCurraghdefection,whoconspiredagainstthe King'sGovernmentandpaidmoneyto sustaintheconspiracy,againgotthe upperhandcompletely,andsincethen whathasbeentherecordoftheGovernmentinIrelandbutachronicleof conflictswiththepeopleandimprisonments?The"CatholicTimes"said onlywhatneededtobeaffirmedwhen itdeclaredthatthepolicyofthepapers andtheclasseswhohaveceaselesslyattackedtheIrishpeoplehavebeena cursetoEngland. NeverakindwordabouttheIrish, norawordofgratitudeforwhatthey havedone.To-day,thoughnosoldiershavefoughtmorebravelyinthe warthanthelargenumberIrelandhas supplied,thefactispassedoverwithoutacknowledgement,andtheIrish peoplearedenouncedandmisrepresented.Inthe"CatholicTimes"thefacts thattheIrishfoughtwiththeirusual valourintheAmericanCivilWar,and thatoppositionto"theDraft"wasnot Irishbutgeneralwasbroughtoutin contradictionofthe"Spectator's"misrepresentationthatitwasapurelyIrishaffair,butinordertoinflamefeelingagainsttheIrishthemisrepresentationisrepeatedinthecurrentissueof thatpaper,andtheeditorsays:"Shoot themdownifnecessary,withoutargument,astwothousandIrishmenare

Aninterestingbitofreligioushistory wasrecalledrecentlyin"TheTidings," LosAngeles,Cal.Itwasanaccount oftheworkorganisedbythelateBishopConatyfortheCatho:icJapanesein theDioceseofLosAngeles.More thantenyearsagoayoungJapanese, LeoHatakeyama,settledinSanFrancisco.HewasadevoutCatholicand wasanxioustofulfilhisreligiousobligations.Buthehaddifficultyabout Confession,ashedidnotknowEnglishandcouldnotfindapriestwho understoodJapanese.

AppealingtohisBishop:nJapan,he wastoldthatapriestwhohadlabouredinthatcountryforfiveyearswas onsickleaveinFrance,andwaspreparingtoreturntoJapan.TheBishop hadinstructedhimtogotoCalifornia onhiswayback,andLeoconk'arrange tomeethim. ThepriestwasFatherAlbertBreton. BishopConatyaskedhimtoremain andorganiseamissionamongtheCatholicJapanesescatteredthroughthe diocese. FatherBretonsetaboutthework zealously,anddayafterdaywentin questofJapanesemembersofthe Church.Thefollowingyear,hiswork wasextendedtoSanFranciscoand Sacramento,alabourthatwasassumedlaterbyotherpriestsandreligious,leavingFatherBretonfreeto returntoLosAngeles, EightJapaneseSistersaidFather Breton.Theyconductanorphanage andaschool,whichbeganin1915with threepupils,andnowhasanaverage attendanceofonehundredandtwenty. EnglishistaughtbyFranciscanSisters.EverySundaythelittleJapanesepupilsattendMassintheclassroom. Nothingisbeingleftundonetomake themgoodCatholicsandgoodAmericancitizens.Itisexpectedthatthese childrenwillinturndoamissionary workamongtheirownpeople. Trulyisthisanillustrationofthe plantingofthemustardseed.The simplestoryrevealsalsothezealfor souls.IfthatBishopinJapanhad beenindifferenttotheappealofdevout youngLeoHatakeyama,orifBishop ConatyhadnotrealisedthepossibilitiesofFatherBreton'spresenceinhis diocese,thoseJapanese-Americansmay neverhavebeenbaptisedintotheone trueChurch. ThepictureaccompanyingtheaccountisinitselfasermonantheuniversalityoftheChurch-thedusky littleboysandgirlsintheirAmerican dress,theJapaneseSisters,theFranciscans,laywomeninthebackground, andinthecentreofthegroupthe Frenchmissionary,FatherBreton,and hispresentecclesiasticalSuperior,BishopCantwell,D.D.,whowarmlycommendsthefinework.

ItishishopeandthatofFather Bretonthatabetterbuildingwillbe providedthroughthecharityofthe faithful.TheCatholicExtensionSociety,itmaybenoted,hascontributed1.000dollarstowardsthenewschool.

Thusvariousforcesareatworkfor thegoodofourJapanesebrothersin theFaith,whoarecertainlydeserving ofencouragement."Oncethereligion hasbeenreceivedbyaJapanese,"says "TheTidings,""hegenerallypersists initspractiseandremainsdevotedly faithful."

WhenYouWantaComfortableCar Ringup

TOM.BONOLA

Tel.1910,RailwayMotorRank. SatisfactionaSpecialty.

TheChinamanatHome

Everynationofantiquityofwhich wehaveanyremembrancehasdisappeared.Onealonestilllives,andhas nowbecometheoldestofexistingnations;butverylittleisknownaboutit. Itmay,indeed,besaidthatallnationstracetheiroriginbackthrough oneanother,andthat,consequently, France,England,evenRussia,can tracetheiroriginasfarbackasany; butwhilemodernnationsarenotthe directdescendantsoftheancients, Chinahasreceiveditsheritagedirect fromthegenerationswhichmoulded it.Itisinthisrespectthatitis unique.AmongsttheChineseallthe phenomenaofheredityhavebeen manifestedatregularintevals,and haveneverbeenchangedormodified byachangeofenvironment.Theevolutionofideas,whichisasregularas thatofhumanbeings,hasbeendisturja. edbynooutsideinfluence.Noexternalshock,norevelationhascometo changethedirectionofitseffortsorre- tarditsdevelopment.There,Isay, liesthesecretofChina'sgreatoriginal- ity,perhapsalsoofherunusualduration.

Itisinteresting,inanycase,toknow intowhatthehumanracecandevelop, iflefttoitselfundersuchconditions, toknowwhatprogressithasmadeand whatorganisationithasadopted-in aword,thestateofitscivilisation.The followingarticleisanattempttoanswerthesequestions.Butcivilisation -awordwhichisonallmen'stongues -hasdifferentmeanings,anddifferent aimsfordifferentpeople.Asforus, letussaythatthemostcivilisedstate isthatwhich,onagivenareaofterri- tory,givesthemaximumofhappiness, liberty,justice,andsecuritytothegreatestnumberofmen.Ishallex-plainthepositionofChinafromthese differentpointsofview,themeans wherebyshehasattainedit,andtheprincipleswhichhaveguidedher, DensePopulation.IntheorderIhavedefined,thefirst pointtowhichourattentionisdrawn isthepopulation.Itamountsto537 millionsinthewholeChineseRepub- lic,includingthenomadMongoltribes andthemoreorlessrebelliousclans nearThibetandAnnam.Thisismore thanathirdofthetotalpopulation oftheglobe.Butweshallrestrict thefieldofourinvestigationstoChina proper,boundedontheeastandsouth bythesea,andonthenorthbythe GreatWall.There,inanareaof330 millionacres(thatis,sixorseventimes thatofFrance),wefindapopulation of400millions.Nowweknowthatan areafourorfivetimesaslargeinEuropesupportsonly337millions:butin Chinathereareexpansesofterritory aslargeasFranceorGermanywhich contains12,15,or17,inhabitantsfor everyacre:districtsaslargeasBelgiumcontain30to36totheacre:No countryinEurope,except,perhaps,Jersey,orValencia,inSpain,cancompareinthisrespectwithChina.

Thisdensityofpopulationseemsso extraordinarythattheChinesestatisticshaveoftenbeencontestedand doubted;butnoonecandoubtthem whohastravelledacrossChinaasfar asthefrontiersofThibet.Ifrequentlycametocitiescontainingfromhalfa milliontoamillionandahalfofinhabitants.InthemostremoteprovincesIfrequentlytravelledwith crowdsgoingtomarketandcrowding inthetensofthousandsplaceswhich hadbeendesertedthedaybefore,save forasolitaryinnhereandthere.From oneendofChinatotheothervillages, hamletsandcottagesjostledoneanotheronmyroadtosuchanextent thatwehaetolooktotheoutskirts ofourlargesttownstofindaparallel toit.

Landinvadesthewater;fieldsand gardensarelaidoutonraftswhich coverthesurfaceofcertainlakes. Rocksbringforthharvests,and,indeed,everywherearecultivatedthe mostdelicateandpreciouscrops.and thosewhichrequiremostlaborand care,suchassugar,silk,tea,etc.Every lonelyvalleyhassoilsorichthatunheardofharvestsofriceareraised, andthegroundisworthfrom10,000 to15.000dollarsperacre.

TerracesofFlowersandFruit.

Wesee,therefore,thatinthematterofpopulationChinaleavesFrance behind.Andyetwhilewecomplain oftheexcessofourpopulation,and keepitdownbyeverymeansinour power,theChinesecontinuetomultiplyasiftheearthhadnolimits.They takenoprecautions,andtheyare quiteright.Ifyoucanmeasurethe areaofafield,whohasevermeasured itsfertility?Theproducingpowerof thelanddependsonthecultivator. Nothingbearsmoreconclusivetestimonytothisprofoundtruththanthe stateofChina.Theprovinceswhich arenowmostthicklypopulatedwere atfirstnomorehabitablethanthose whichtothisdayaremoststerile. Whatwereoncemountainswhichbore

noharvests,barerocks,arenowterracesandflowersandfruit.

Itmustbeadmittedalsothatthe Chineseareverycarefulofeverything whichmayincreasethefertilityofthe soil.Theydonotwastetherichness ofthesoil,aswedoinFrance,by throwingawaytheproduceoftheir drains.Theycollectitcarefully,and lookonitasanactofjustice,neglect ofwhichwillentailimmediateretribution,togivebacktotheearthwhat theyhaveborrowedfromit.Then, too,theyaeguethattheincreaseofthe populationisthebestmethodofincreasingpublicandprivatewealth. Doesnotaroad,acanal,orarailwaycostlessinathickly-populated countrythaninathinly-settledone? Arenottherunningexpenseslessand thereturnsgreater?

Itisthereforetruethatthoughthe expensesofacountryareindirect proportiontoitsarea,theyareininverseproportiontoitspopulation.As amatteroffact,thetaxespaidbythe averageChineseamountto2/6per annum.InFrancetaxationaniounts tofrom£310s.to£4perhead.Some maysaythatnopublicworksareerectedinChina;but,indeed,atwhatever costtoourEuropeanpride,wemust admitthatourroads,canalsandrailwaysarenothingtotheinnumerable canalsofChina.Whatareourpublicworksofrecentdatebesidethehuge andadmirablesystemofwater-ways whichirrigateeverysquareinchofarablelandfromThibettothesea?

Somemayalsosay:"Yes,butthe stateoftheindividualChinesemay bewretchedenough."Ithinkthedensityofthepopulationisasufficient answertothat.Isitnotobviousthat iftheChineseweresomiserablethey wouldhavefound,as,weinFrance havefound,somemeansofchecking toogreatanincreaseintheirpopulation?

Besides,thereisnobettermeasure oftheprosperityofanationthan criminalstatistics.Igivesomefacts tosupportmycontentions.Ina townwithapopulationofnearlytwo millions,whereIlivedforsometime, onlyonemurdertookplaceinthirtyfouryears.Inaprovincecontaining twenty-fivemillioninhabitants(CheLionly12executionstookplacein twoyears. 1mustaddthattheft,at thethirdoffence,ispunishableby death,thatthereare circumstancesallowed,andthatthis provincecontainsthecapital,Pekin. GeneralPosperity.

But,inorderbettertoallowthe readertojudgeoftheprosperityof theChinesepeople.Ishouldhaveto takehimtoseethesmallfarms,the peasants'cottages,whereIhaveoften enjoyedsuchwarm-heartedhospitality, toadmirethecleanlinessofthedwellingandthefurniture,andtoexamine thestatementsIhavedrawnupof theirpropertyandsourcesofincome. Oneman,inoneofthepoorerdistricts ofChina,withapropertyofeightacres, putsasideannually£60to£70after payingfortheupkeepofhimselfand hisfamily.Another,withtwoand one-halfacres,saves£30to£35.And IwishIcouldshowyoutheirabundant meals.muchmorevariedthanthose ofouragriculturallabourers.There isnotone,howeverpoorhiscottage maylook,whocannotaffordtoadda fewdaintiestohismealorgivethem toaguest.

ButIshouldlike,aboveall,toshow myreadersthedifferencebetweenthe light,easy,unaffectedmannerofany Chineselabourer,fromafewprovinces Icouldname,withtheheavy,clumsy,awkward,shamefacedappearanceof mostofourFrenchpeasantsandofour farmersandgraziersfromBritany, AuvergneandSavoy,nottomention thosefromthesouth.Theobserver canseethatthereislessdifferencewith thembetweenrichandpoor,townsmenandfarmers,thanwithus.He noticesalong-standingequality,which introducesintotheirrelationswithone anotherapolitenessandgoodwill whichcannotfailtoimpressastranger, ChineseCourtesy.Theirmannerofconversationisan instanceofthis.Amongthemethods oflocomotioninChina,oneofthemost convenientinhillycountry,where canalsarefewandfarbetween,isthe litterorpalanquin.Ihavetravelled nearlysixorsevenhundredmilesin thisfashion.Fourbearersareengag- edforonepalanquin;andyoutravel thusabout25or30milesaday.Now, everyburdenbecomeswearisomeinthe end,evenwhenitisdividedamongst hearmen,andthepoorinChinaknow it.Sothosewhometusontheway usedtosaytooneofthebearers:"Sir, wehaveearnednothingyetto-ca v.-illyouallowustotakeyourpL:ce andrelieveyouforsometime?""Willingly,sir,butwecannotpaymuchIce yourservices.Weearnverylittle." "Nomatter,sir,weshalltrusttoyour generosity."Andthesechance-met

bearerstooktheplaceoftheothers,comeacrossafewwretchedvillages, whofollowedusforafewmilessing-but,eitherbecausetheinhabitants ing,withlightenedshoulders. werebusiedabouttheirtoilinthe Thistitleof"Sir,""sien-sen,"isonlyfields,orforsomeotherreason,had usedbypeoplewhoarenotacquaintedseennoone. witheachother.Whenoneison Atlastatmiddaywecametoalargfamiliartermswithsomeoneofaboutergroupofhousesthanwehadyet hisownage,hecallshim"brother,"seen,butsawnohospitabledoorstand. andgenerallybehavestohimaccord-ingopen.Weremainedoutside,lookingly.Thisgeneralgoodwillisofteningaboutusandwonderingwhether offeredeventothealien,theEuropeanweshouldbeobligedtositdownunwhohassucceededingainingthecon-dersomewall,whenwesawapeasant fidenceoftheChinese.Idonotsaycomingtowardsus,whogaveusgoodthatitisalwayseasy;itwasstilllessday,andsaid,"Sir,youwilllookin sowhenIfirstbegantotravelinvainforahouseherewhichcanshelChina.Itwasafewmonthsaftertheteryou;thevillageistoosmall,and warandthepeacewhichweimposedwearetoopoor.Imyselfamvery onChina.Ihadtosubmitforsomeunworthyofyournotice,butifyou timetoakindofwatchfulnessonthewouldhonouryourlittlebrotherby partoftheChineseofficials,which,restingyourselvesinhishouse,he howevercloakeditmightbe,was,nonewillgiveyouthebesthehas;there theless,veryirksome. isthehouse."

Butwhentheyfoundituseless,that Hishouse,whichwasalittlelarger istosaywhentheywerefullysatis-thanthoseofhisneighbours,wasvery fledastotheinoffensivenatureofmyclean.Whenhehadshownusin,we mission,andwhentheyauthorisedmyguessedhisintention,andbeggedhim explorationofthefurthestprovincesnottotroublehimself,aswehadall ofThibet,howdoyouthink,reader,theprovisionsweneeded,andonlyretheytreatedthehumbleauthorofthisquiredshelter;buthehadalready article?Whatisoneofthefinestandkilledtwo.Whileourmealwasbeing noblestattributesofsovereignity?Thepreparedweenteredintoconversation rightofpardon!Andthatiswhatwithhim,andIcouldnotbutadmire theygaveme.WhenIenteredatown,hismodest,well-bredbearing,andhis simple,dignified,respectful,butnot ersededbytherighttheyhadconferredservilefashionofspeech.Dinnerwas theauthorityoftheofficialswassuponme.Theycontinuedtoadministerserved,andheinsistedonwaitingon justice,butitwasinmyname;whenus,assistedbyhiseldestson,achild Ilefttheybroughtbeforemethemenofabout10or12,withsuchpretty condemnedinthetown,andIobtain-mannersthatIcouldnothelpcoined,sometimesatotalremission,andparingthesefolkwithourFrenchpeasometimesanalleviationoftheirsen_sants,muchtothedisadvantageofthe tenets. latter.

CharmingCustoms, Atlastthemealwasover,andi

But,howeNer,gratifyingtheremem-wastimeforustogo.Iwished branceofthesehonorsmaybe,Imuchleaveourhostareminderofourvisit, preferredthesimple,kindreceptionbuthewouldacceptnothing.Heonly andhumble,quiethospitalityoftheaskedpermissiontointroducehis villagesandhamlets.Oftenwede-familytome.Besidestheboywho scendedfromourlittersorourboat,hadassistedhisfather,therewasa littlegirlagedtourandanotherchild oftwo,whobadeusfarewellasceremoniouslyasthebest-bredamongtheir elderscouldhavedone and,directingourluggagetobesent ontothenextstop,weplungedalone intothelittlepartsleadingthroughthe fields,takingnootherprecautionthan thedonningofChineseattire.We loiteredalone,stoppingateverystep, andtalkingtoeverypasser-byofthe weather,thecrops,andothertopics. 1canstillseeacertaintreeunder whichwelay,tiredoutbytheheat. Grass,araresightintheChinese country-side,whereeverybitofland iscultivated,wasgrowingunderits shade,andaffordedafresh,pleasant carpet,onwhichwestretchedourselvesdelightedly.Unfortunately,we hadnotseentwowomen,notfaroff, whowereworkinginagardenbehind somebushes,andhadnotseenuscoming.InChinaitisanoffenceagainst proprietyforstrangementoremain foranylengthoftimeinthepresence ofwomen.Weknewwehadnobusinessthere,butwecouldnotleaveour shelteringtreewithoutregret.We triedtoanticipatethedanger."Good morning,goodladies,"saidtheinterpreter,inhismostwheedlingtone. "Goodmorningtoyou;butwhatare youdoingthere?Gofurtheron." "Butweareverytired,and,see,the othertreesarefaraway!""Whoon eartharethesebarbarianswhoareso bad-mannered?"repliedoneofthewomen."Goaway,anddon'tletme havetosayitagain." Werosetogoinconfusion,whenthe interpreterrememberedhispipe,and said,"Youcangiveusalight,at least.""Goon;itshallbesentto you."Wewentawayslowly,and weresoonovertakenbyasmallboy, whobroughtusalight.Ithanked him,andgavehimacheaplittleknife, and'afewyardsfurtheronwethrew ourselvesdownagain.

Afewminutesafterthechildcame back,andbroughtusfouroranges.I gavehimapacketofneedles,andhe wentoffagain.Buthedidnotleave uslongalone.Hereturnedforthe thirdtime,leadinganoldmanand twoorthreeothers,who,after,alittle conversation,invitedustocometo.rest attheirhouse.Weclosedwiththeir invitationatonce,andattheendofan hourwewereexcellentfriends.The women-folkcontinuedtheirworkin ourpresence,andoneofthemprepared ourrepastwhiletheotherlaidthe table.Meanwhileallthevillagershad assembledatthehouse,andwediscussedEastandWest,andallthatis ofgeneralinteresttotheirinhabitants. WetalkedofEuropeandofourpar- ents,foraninterviewalwaysbegins thusinChina. ABushWelcome. Andwhenwetookleaveofthese goodpeoplewetookawayarecollec- tionofthatdaywhichhaslastedfor nearlytwentyyears. givenNorshallIeverforgetthereception mebyapoorlabourerwhohad emigratedbeyondtheGreatWallinto Mengolia,ontheedgeoftheGobiDe_rt.WehadleftChangKia-Kowat .")a.m.,andfollowedaroadwhichled tothevillageofSi.Wring-Tse;andat

IsnotedeverywhereasthemostRemarkable BargainEventintheState

Pre-FreeAmerica

ConsommeofAssiswhattheBritish publicwasnick-namedbyRosina Wheeler,LadyLytton,saysthe"Leader,"anIrishwomanwithsharpreason toknow;stillshedidnotstretchher pointbeyondthatofitsnativeinterpreter,Thackerav,whoaverredyou mustgriphisAss-publicbytheears andshakeit,beforeyoucaninsense intoitarealisingsenseofissueshowevergrave.Forinstance,whatan outrageitisagainst_naturaljustice andhumanprogress,thatIreland standstrammelledallthetimemuch aswereEngland'sAmericanColonies tilltheirpublicspiritbroughtmatters toanissueonehundredandfortythreeyearsago. Lessthantwentyyearsbeforethen, livinginFrance,waswittyFontenelle, wholivedduringonehundredyears inthisworld,and.wiseacreenoughto exchangeideasinfellowshipwithSolomon;notafewAmericannation-buildersmusthaveknownthemanalive, theywhokepteverinclosetouchwith Frenchadvancedthoughtoftheir time;andheitisofwhomtheytell astorythatwhensnoweduponewinterSundayinaNorthFrenchcountry house,hishostessroguishlypresseda Bibleintohishandstoentertainhimselfwithal,asbeingtohimthenewest bookshecouldfindinthehouse.So absorbedgrewtheoldmanhuddled withinahugechairbythechimneycorner,withtheBookopenonhisknee andtheglowfromthewoodfireall butmeltingtheglassinhisspectacles, thatwhensomeonetouchedhimonthe shOulder,heimpatientlyedgedaway tocontinuehisperusal,mutteringin apology:"l3utthisBaruch-why,he isamanofgenius!"Aye,andifthere beonethingmorethananotheremphasisedbythatJewishprinceand politicalscribe,itishisadvicetofolk nevertogivethemselvesawaytoa strangenation.Youseetheoldsayingisunchallengeable,thatnoman canaffordtobegenerouswithhis honour,nowomanwithhervirtue,no nationwithitsliberty.

Englandhaslongfosteredadelusion widespreadthissideoftheAtlantic, eveninIreland,tothiseffectthatAmericanindependence-winnerswent drunkontheteainfusedinBoston Bay,andProvidencelookedafterthem initsproverbialmannerwithinebriatesandchildren!fobesure,the tea-vesselsdidgothroughwaterand fire.ForwhenoneoameuptheChesapeaketoBaltimoreportofentry, citizenscrowdedaroundMaryland's ablestman,CharlesCarroll,sprungof theoldgreatIrishclanElyO'Carroll; pointingtotheirtaxmasters'ship,his tellow-citizensaskednim:"Whatshall wedo?""Burnherandhercargo downtothewater'sedge,"hecounselled,anditwasdone;thusthatfamousCarrolofCarrolton,alawyeramongotherthings,litAmerica'storchof FiscalFreedom.Butithadbeen takingshapeforthebestpartofahundredyears.Reallynomancanset boundstothemarchofanation;for anationissimplythewilltonationalise;itisthemostenduringformof thewilltopower.CarrelofCarrol-

tonhimselfwhenyounghadstudied lawsandpoliticiansinEngland, whencereturningtohisowncountry, bringingtoitafresheye,inpainter's phrase,hefounditscausesofdisaffectioncompound-multiplying; he wrotetoanEnglishacquaintancethat Americawasbeingexploitedmoreand moreasamerematerialmineyielding uporetocoinforEngland'sopulence andwarsandsuperfluities.Well!it isevenworsetobeaBloodsuckerthan aGoldbug,andbothareonthejob hereinIrelandyet, Solongagoas1719,whennewsreachedEnglandthatthereweresixfurnaces andnineteenforgesinAmerica,this soinfuriatedEnglishtradejealousy thatanActofoutlawryandconfiscationwaspassedagainsteveryEnglishbornskilledworkerintheAmerican Colonies.Whichwaslegislationthat didmoretoexasperateColonialmen thantounnervetheirbusiness.A fewyearslater,astorekeeperfromthe Quakercolony,replenishinghisstockat Liverpool.chancedtoremarkabout somenails:"Why,Icanbuybetter nailsforlessmoneyfromJohnTaylor, ofSarum,Pennsylvania."Whereat ragedapublicuproarinEnglandthat wouldhavelikedtobungupJohn Taylorinabarrelstuckinsidewithhis ownnailsandrollhimdownConstitutionHill.Chatham,intheHouseof Lords,avowedthathe"wouldnotallowtheColoniststomakeevenahobnailforthemselves."Andin1750,the BritishParliamentmadeavenomous attemptagainstthoseenterprisingand energeticundefeatablemenwhokept onmakingtheircountryindustrially independent.Injunctiontopenalise theirontradeofAmericawasissuedin thisform:-(1)NomorerollingmillstobebuiltinAmerica.(2)No moreslitting-mills.(3)Nomoretilthammerforges.(4)Nomoresteelfurnaces. (5)Americanpig-irontobe takenintoEnglanddutyfree,butat theportofLondononly.(Andinany case,onlytofacilitateEnglishmanufacture.) Thisbrutalfranknessopenedthe eyesofAmericanColoniststotheabidingnatureofEngland'spolicyforexploitingallouterpeoplesudderher rulesolongasbyanymeansshecould compassit.Thosethreatenedforgemenlivedlongtotaketheirownpart andtheircountry'stherewith.Thor's godsons,thenewnoterang,hammer onanvil,achorusofHarmonious Blacksmiths.Tothattunewasthe battle-hymnoftheRepublicset.These menofironwillhadbeenclassedwith piratesandoutlawsandtheirfoundriescondemnedascommonnuisances tobeabated;whereasnoweveryforge andfurnacebecameastorm-centreof disaffection;andaquartercentury beforeIndependencewasachievedits menwerereadyforit.AttheAmericanirontrade'stime,knownas itsPatrioticPeriod,GeorgeWashington,asmallboy,playedamidstthe sparksfromafoundry,whichCaptain AugustineWashington,hisfather,had asharein,onthefamilyland.across thePotamacfromMountVernon. Whileelsewhere,theLincolnfamily

alsoweremenofthefurnaceandforge. ThroughoutlifaXashingtoncultivated thefriendshipandsupportofironmasters,andofthese,oneofthemost trustedgeneralofficersonhisstaffwas NathanielGreene,theQuaker.Years later,atRingwood,NewJersey,beside thegraveofanotheramonghischief friends,PresidentWashingtonplanted atreestillalivingmonumenttoRobertErskine,thefoundry-manager,who actedasSurveyor-GeneraloftheRevolutionaryForces.Fourironmasters signedtheDeclarationofIndependence,andtwenty-fourmoreforgemen wereleadingofficersinGeneralWashington'sarmy,aboveall,thatmost famousofcoppersmithssinceSt.Paul ventedhisfamousaspiration:Colonel PaulRevereandhiswildridethrough thedarknessintotheringo'day,from CharlestowntoConcord,torousethe farmersandfarmers'sonsenroutethe nightbeforetheBattleofLexington. ChiefPastoramongalldenominations andtradesofthosemenforgedin strongfires,wasFranklin'sconfidant andWashington'seffectivechampion whenevenhefoundhimselfdangerouslyintriguedagainstduringtheValley Forgeepisode,FatherJohnCarrol, namesakeandkinsmanofCarrolof CarroltonandanIrishman'sson.The greatArchbishopandJesuitfirstCatholicprelatewhencolonialfreedom becameUnitedStatesmenwithhimselfinthefrontminkbyearner'sright. BredatSt.Omer's,hisOrderfound countlessusesinEuropeforsucha brainfulmanofironbackbone.He wasdeputedfromtheContinentto Englandonanimportantmission,and likehisCarroltonnamesakegotopportunitytostudyitspublicistsat firsthand.Wemaycounthimone ofthefirstofmentosensethegiganticMythologywhichgrewuparound Englishadministrativemethods.Americarosetoprosperityandprestige throughindependenceofthosemethods;theDominionofCanada,the AustralianCommonwealth,theUnited StatesofSouthAfricaarewhatthey nowarethrougheachbeingvirtual mastersinhisownhouse,andofhis ownpurse-strings,sotospeak;wesee itproventotheworld,'allofusnow. But,asConfucious,withChineseacumenobserves:-

"Toseethingsinthegerm-thisI callintelligence."

ours.Neitherhenorthatother Carrolstatesmanclassedwiththebreed ofmanlampoonedbecause:"Ariveroraseaistohimadish oftea, AndaKingdombreadandbutter." ArchbishopCarrol,celibate,smiling, weseemtoseehimblessingtheDeclaration-Signers'littlechildren,he foreseeingwhatnowtheworldsees, howDedlanation-Signers'great-grand- childrenwouldcometoboastthemselvesHead-LinerAmericanaristocrats.Istheremuchancestor-worship orboastfulnessaboutthedescendants ofcolonialTories?-provincialists,the anti-patriotsoftheirday,contentthat Americashouldforeverlookupto Englandaspredominantpartnerand takeherdictateslyingdown.Iftheir viewshadwonout,howwoulditbe withAmericato-day?Imagination staggersundertheverythoughtofit! Stillwefindsomelatter-dayAmericanssoinconsistentandsoforgetful oftheirownnation'srootsofhonour astoattemptlecturingourpeopleon topofIreland'snotaloneunparalleled butalsocontinuingexperienceofGovernmentfromoutside.Itisaconclusive,damningindictmentofany Governmentofanynationthatsawits populationreducedbyworsethanhalf withinseventy-fiveyearsofoutlanders' rule,thatcallouslysawitshumankind mostlyrepresentedbythegrey-haired andthechildren,whileitsyoungfolk fledtoanywherescopemightbefound forbrainsandenergyandthemultiple callsofvocation.Ourfewhundred thousandofyoungmanhoodconstitute ournationalBankofLife.Essential toracialphysiqueandvitalsandposterity.Whatisitbutevenasacred chargeandtrust?Doesitnotcount moretousthanmillionsofmen, youngandold,tooverseapeoples ofvastareatobeginwith,orcontendingagainstoneanotherforcolonial expansion,toplantoutwhatthey themselvesstyletheirsurpluspopulation.Ourvitalstatisticshitusinthe faceofanIrishrevenueofwhichnot halfisexpendedonIrishpublicservices;wearerepresentedasclamourousbeggars,asdependentsonthe Britishtaxpayer;whiletheBritish lion'sclutchingpawgrabsthelion's shareofIrishtaxationfarinexcess ofthatofsuchimportantcountriesas HollandandSweden,nottomention Bulgaria,andequaltothecombined taxationofseveralotherindependent States.OnlyGreatPowersandSpain exceedit-andSpainhasprospects. ButsohasIreland,sinceatlastshehas cometosizeupthesymbolismofour nurseryoldacquaintance,RobbetyBobbit,whodevouredacowandher calf,abullockandahalf,theChurch andthesteeple,thepriestandthepeople-andthenaskedformore!

FatherJohaCarrolhadthegoodluck tocatchaboutthelastship(American)whichgotfreeofEnglandin 1774.Hevoyagedtohishomelandto takeitspatriotic/party'spart,bethe endwhatitwould.Hesawwellthat nofairplayvoluntarywasevertobe expectedfromtheself-overreaching politicalstrategistsheturnedhisback on,theyandtheirpersonalrivalries andjobberiesallinalltothem.He wentoutofEnglandandfromapeoplenotofstrangelanguage,hometo hisownpeopleofdiverstongues,but chorusingstatesmanPatrickHenry's heart-cry:"GivemeLibertyorgiveme death!"There,inoverwhelmingmajority,wastheirself-determinationand nationhoodtherewith.Thecultured, world-conversantCatholicprelate stoodtoitlikeironinanageand stateoftheworldasvocationalas oethed.Healed Protected.

Chappedhandsand chilblainsareoftena sourceofpositivetorture.Thefingersandhandsbecomered,inflamed,swollen, cracked,andbleeding,particularlyabout thekneoklaiandwrtsta.Dressingswith

fixingafairRentatBallyscattery

tlayT.B.Fenelon.,

Intheearlyeightiesofthelastcentury,thepassingofone,ofthemanyi LandActs,whichtheBritishParliament,initswisdom,devisedtosettle Irishtroubles,threwthewholecountryintocommotion.Rents,fairorun fair,weretobefixed,andholdgood forfifteenyears.Headandsub-Commissionerswereappointed,andover thedistractedlandwereletloosearegularhordeoflandlords,valuers,tenants'valuers,landlords'lawyers,tenants'lawyers,andvariousotherofficials,toputthelawinoperation.A regularorgyoflitigationsetin.The NationalistleadersendeavoredtoascertaintheeffectsoftheActbylimitingitsapplicationtowhatwerecalled "testcases,"butthedistressofthe tenantry,andtheireagernesstograsp atanymeansofferingrelief,weretoo strot)gtobrookrestraint,sotheyrushedtotheLandCourtsingreatnumbers.Thefollowingisthestoryof howthelawoperatedononeparticular estateatthatperiod.Itdoesnot claimtobeatypicalinstance,butitis averaciouschronicle-Ballyscattery wascertainlya"congesteddistrict,of somewhatmorethanahundredholdings,thoughafewamountedtofifty acres,theaveragewasabouteight,and manydidnotexceedfour.Itwasa hillycountry;theslopesdepletedof soilbylong-continueddenudation,and thelowerlevelsperpetuallywaterlogged.Nature,capriciousinheractions,seemed,inarelentingmood,to haveattemptedcompensations.There wereshadyglens,silverstreams,andin thedistancestately,cloud-haunted mountains.Thepeoplewerenotharassedbyfrequentincreasesofrent,or dreadofejectment.Theestatehad passed,undertheIncumberedEstate Act,intotheownershipofawealthy Dublinmanufacturer,andonthedeath ofhiswidowhispropertypassedto severalrelatives.Solongasthefairly highrentswereregularlypaid,they didnottrouble,andtheagent,aDublinsolicitor,wasregardedasajustand kind-heartedgentleman.Atameetingofthetenants,thequestionwas raisedastowhatactionwastobe takeninviewofthenewlegislation. AstaunchfolloweroftheParliamentaryParty,knownlocallyas"ManifestoCoakley,"fromhisconstantreferencesto,andquotationsfrom,the numerousmanifestoesissuedforthe guidanceofthepeopleduringthose timesoffrequentlyrecurringcrises, urgedawaitingpolicy,andinsistedon theadvantageslikelytoaccruefrom givingprioritytocarefullyselected "testcases."RobertBailey,afiery LandLeaguer,ex-suspect,andtheonly Protestantamongthetenantry,onthe otherhand,urgedimmediateaction.A vehementspeechclosedwiththefollowingperoration:"Testcases!Whatbettertestcase couldthecountryfurnishthanour own?Bydintoftoilingfromthe cradletothegravewehavereclaimed the:andfrombarrenbogandrocky hillsideuntilithasbecomebarelyhabitableandcapableofsupportingaprecariousexistence.Crushedtothe dustwithtaxesandrack-rents,weare liableatthewhimofaknavishagent, orrapaciouslandlordtobecastadrift onthewavesoftheworld,without houseorhome,orprospectexceptpau. perismandstarvation.Testcases! Letusmakeatestcaseofourown, andifthisnewlegislationwillnot standthetest,wehaveonlytofall backonourold,well-tested,andtrusty weapons,andI,atallevents,haveno fear,butintheend, We'llhavethelandthatboreus; We'llhaveityetthoughhardto'get, Bytheheavensbendingo'erus." Hesweptawayallopposition. Therequisitenoticewasgivenofapplicationtohaveafairrentfixed. MorganMoore,anoldFenian,who, havingspentsomeyearsinAmerica, hadreturnedtomakealivingasland surveyor,contractor,andpoliticalorganiser,wasselectedasthetenants' valuer.Hemeasuredandmappedin amostdetailedmannereachofthe farms,readupmarketstatisticsofthe previoustwentyyears;madeanelaborateabstractoflossesfromstorm, flood,andcattlediseases;andascertainedthenumberofestatesinthe countyletatlowerrents,andtheprivilegesgrantedtotenantsbythemost liberalandbenevolentlandlords.Later oncamethelandlords'valuer,for whosearrivalasharplook-outhad beenkeptattheneighbouringvillage ofBarnabrock,whitherhehadbeen drivenfromatownsomemilesdistant.HewasmetbyWilliamWilson,bailiff,r,ait.warner,taxcollectorlocallyknownas"BillytheDevil."The jarvey,awell-knowncharacter,called JoeMackey,puttingupattheone publichouseandgeneralstoreinthe

village,wasquicklyinterviewedbyan nquisitiveandexcitedcrowd.Among themwasoneofthetenants,Tom Moynahan,whowassomewhathard ofhearing,asissaid."Wheredoeshe comefrom,andwhatishe?"demanded Tom."ByGeorge,"answeredJoe,--"I can'tsayexactlywherehecomesfrom, butheinvadedthetownlastnight likeahuricane,fromtheCorktrain, andhe'ssomesortofasoldier.I heardthebossgivingordersaboutthe captain'slanguage.HisnameisDespard."''Etsoldier,andhisnameis Desperate!MaytheLordpreserve us,"ejaculatedTom.

BythistimeCaptainDespard,accompaniedby"BillytheDevil,"carryingaspadetoexaminethedepthand qualityofthesoil,hadcommencedhis investigation.Hetookanexpansive surveyoftheproperty,thevalueof whichhewastoestimateandmake asprofitableashecouldtothe landlord.Theprospectwasnotreassuring.Itwasabeautifulautumn day,andfhescenerywasmorecalculatedtoappealtoartisticthanecono. micorcommercialinstincts.The cropshadalreadygonetomarket;the fewcattleinthefieldsdidnotshow ahighdegreeofqaulityorcondition; theelevatedlandwascoveredwith scantvegetation;andthelow-lying portiondisplayedgrowthsthat,ifmore flourishing,seemedcoarseandunnutri. tious.

Thesheet-anchorofthetenantswas thefamous"HealyClause,"declaring thattheyweretogetthefullbenefit ofallimprovementseffectedbythemselves,ortheirpredecessorsintitle, andstillenhancingthepro:activeness oftheland.This,however,theingen. uityofpro-landlord:egistssoonfound meansoffrustratingonthespecious pleathatenjoymentofprofitwithout increaseofrentintimecompensatedtheimprover.Thissophismhadnot asyetbeComewidelyknown,ormuch availedcf.CaptainDespardbeganhisinvestigationsonTomMoyanhan's farm,atthetopofthehill,andwith considerabledifficultymadesomeexcavationsbetweentherocks.Tom himselfsoonappearedonthescene,and beganvolublytorecountandcallat- tentiontohisimprovements.Hepoint- edtoseveralheapsofboulderscollectedintheprocessofwhathecalledreclamation.Hethenreferredtohis systemofdrainage,aseriesofzig-zag channelsrunningroundhisfences."I drainedthewholeplace,"heexplained, "withterriblelabourandexpense. WhenIbeganitwouldn'tfeedagoat, andlookatitnow,thecleanestand compactestlittlefarmintheparish."

"Youdrainedit?"drylyremarked theCaptain,"andIsupposeyou'llbe claimingcompensationforirrigating theonebelowthere.""Regatingit,"repliedthebewilderedTom,"sure,the divelagateonitatall,yourhonour,barringthehalfharrowinthegapat theendofthebohereen."Graduallyotherscamearound,butforsometime keptatarespectfuldistance.The fitfullaughterandsuspiciousdemeanourofthegroupshadasomewhatdisconcertingandirritatingeffectonthe Captainandhiscompanians.Bydegreesthetimidityoftheonlookersbegantowearoff,andtheyapproachedthevaluerwitheverymanifestatiwiof interestandcuriosity."Theydalie tellingusthere'sgooldunderthem rocks,yourhonour."remarkedthe widowHegerty."Aye,underthem safeenough,"returnedJackHackett; "butdivelamuchofitweeversee overthem."Thiswithaslylookat "BillytheDevil.""No,"continuedthe widow,"butdidn'tyouhearofthe manthatcamefromIndiainsearchof it?""Idid,"saidJack,"andIheard hebroughtablackdiveltoleadhim roundatnightwithoutlamporlanterntowherethegooldwashid." "BillytheDevil"wasgettingangry. "TalkingofIndia,"beganDanBoy- lan,"mightImakesofreeastoask ifyourhonourwaseverinthewars outthere?""Yes,myfriend,"replied theCaptain,pompously,"1sawservice duringsomeyearsinIndia.""Arrah, yourhonour;wouldeverhappento comeacrossaboytherenamedMatt Muldowney?Hewasacousinof mine,andbelongedtotheDublinFusileers.Hewasawildsortofalad, andwhenheleftthearmygotemploy- mentfromaRawJaw.Hewrote homeoncetosaythathehadanarrow escapefrombeingroastedalivebythe Rawjaw,beingcaughtmilkingasacredcowonefearfullyhotnightafter hehadhootedawaytigers.Hepro- misedi.heevercamebacktobring homeasacredcow,asheconsidered themveryh...rlyanddurablebeasts; thatheth-,ii'wouldthrivewonaerfullyinthl..all.;Now,yourhonour,mightthe',manyRawJawsin India?" _econsiderablenumber,"

repliedtheCaptain,carelessly."Well, well,MattwrotehomethatoneRaw Jawwasrichenoughtobuyouthalf thelandlordsinIreland,andthatsome ofthemhadestatesasbigashalfthis country.ButMattwasalwaysfond ofajoke.Youneverhappenedtomeethim,yourhonour?""No,"repliedthe Captain,sarcastically."Ididn'thave thepleasureofhisacquaintance,un- fortunately."Bythistimethegrow- ingcrowdbecameinsistentonaninspectionofwhattheycalledtheriver farms,orcallows.Mostofthemhad stripsoftheselow-lyinglands,often quitedetachedfromthehigherplots onwhichtheirhomesweresituated. Theselowerlandstheyclaimedtohave improvedtoanincalculableextent.As thelandswereflooded,thedrainsthey assertedtheyhadmadecouldneither bemeasuredorexamined.Thefloods theydeclaredwereduetotheshortcomingsoftheGovernment,that,de- spitemanyrequests,hadpersistently refusedtocleanuptheriver.Theplots wereseparatedfromeachotherby opendikesofconsiderabledepthwhich wereatthetimequiteobliteratedby theflooding.IntooneoftheseCapt. Desparddisappeared,andBillythe Devil"fellontopofhim.Withex- pressionsofdeepregretandcommis- erationtheywereextricated,andbeing BobnearBailey's neos- pitablyinvitedthemtopartakeof somemuch-neededrefreshment,and havetheirwetandmud-stainedgar- ments alwaysdriedandcleaned.Bobhad instockaplentifulsupplyof potteen.Therentappraisers,wet, weary,andhungry,helpedthemselves willinglyandliberally.TheCaptain onhiswaybacktotownhadsadre- flectionsonthemisfortunesofland- valuers,andevensomeinclinationtobecomealandreformerandtenant righter. 'Thegreatevent,thesittingofthe court,atlengtharrived,andtheex- citementrosetofeverheat.The threesub-Commissionersarrived,one hadbeenprofessorofmathematicsin anacademy,anotheralandagent,the thirdabrieflessbarrister.Butbyfarthemostimportantpersonages,inthe estimationofthepublic,werethevaluersoneachside,andtherespectivelawyers.Theformerwehavealready described;thelatterwere,forthe.land- lords,adapper,well-groomed,self-confidentDublinpractitioner;ontheother side,alocalcelebrity,CharlesWeldonBarrett,rough,keen-witted,hec-toring.MorganMooreappearedto giveevidence,andincross-examinationwasaskedonwhatbasisdoyou makeyourvaluations?"Onthebasis ofjustice,"repliedMorgan."What areyourqualificationsfortheestimationofafairrent?""Commonsense andexperience.""Whatisthenature ofthesoilinthistownland;would youcallitalluvial?""Notexactly- ratherdiluvial,forthelittleofit that'sthereislargelydiluted,orper- haps themorecorrectlystill,delusive,as hopeofextractingaprofitablereturnfromitwillgenerallyturnoutto beacompletedelusion.Iftheearly rainsdon'tdistributesoilandmanure intotheriverthelateonesarepretty suretodrownthecorn."Hewent downamidstaburstofapplause, whichwaspromptlyandsternlysuppressed.Thecross-examinercould makenothingofhim.Thechiefactin thedramawasthecross-examination ofCaptainDespard,atthehandsof AttorneyBarrett."Wheredidyou gotoschool?"wastheopeningquery. ''1havebeenthroughmanyschools," pompouslyrepliedtheCaptain."Any University?""No.""Ha!Many schools-noUniversity!Asensible precautiontoavaillossofvaluable time,Idaresay.""Now,inanyof thesemanyschools,didyoumakea studyofagronomy?""Ag,what?" askedtheCaptain."Agronomy,"re- peatedBarrett.Noanswer.Political economy?""Yes.""Now,Colonel, wouldyoukindlyinformuswhat,in thelanguageofpoliticaleconomists,is theprecisedefinitionofthetermrent?" Thiselicitedalong-windedandrather incoherentreply."Now,Colonel,you foundtherentspaidformanyyears pastbythOsefrugal,hard-working, honesttenantsridiculouslyanddisgustinglyinadequate?""Yes,1did." "Wereyouawarethattherecipientsof theseshamefullyinadequaterents neverduringthatprotractedperiod complainedoftheirinsufficiency?" "No.""Neither,Isuppose,didyou realisetheevileffectsanincreaseof fiftypercent.mightpossiblehaveon theoccupiers,theirwives,andfamilies."TheCaptainwasbeginningto -showsignsofuneasinessandindigna- tion.Mr.Barrett,bywayofadding fueltotheincipientflame,reminded himthatjustrewhewasneitherinthe rentofficeorth1.barracksquare,but onhisoathinacourtofjustice."Well, Major,Ibelieveyouputthefinal touchesonyouragriculturalstudies whilesoldieringinIndia."TheCaptainwasnearlyfurious."Youfound aconsiderableportionofthelandina submergedcondition?""Yes.""Did

youmeasurethedrains?""No,Isaw nodrains." What?Youdidnot explorethedepthofanyofthem?

Ihavebeeninformedtothecontrary."

Atthispalpablehitthecrowdincourt becameconvulsedwithlaughter.The, stentorianvoiceofthepolicemenordering"Silenceinthecourt"wasaltogetherdisregarded.Whencalmhad beensomewhatrestored,theAttorney, lookinggravelytowardsthesub-Commissioners,andhumourslyremarked,"Ihaveheardbeforeto-daythatinIndiamilitarymisfitsaretransformed intoagriculturalexpertsandshipped hometobatten,vampirelike,onthe lifebloodofunfortunatefellowcountrymen."Then,withacourtlybow andagenialwaveofthehand,heconcluded,"General,youmaygodown." Throughoutthecourtwereheardloud criesof"Welldone,Barrett!"

TheBallyscatteryrentswerereduced,butnotatalltotheextentanticipatedbythetenants.Longbefore thefifteenyearshadelapsedtheywere furtherdiminished,and,finally,under oneof becamethePurchaseActs,.theoccupiers soleowners,andarenowa happyandprosperouscommunity. Shortlyafterthememorablecourtday, thefloodssubsidedquiteassuddenly astheyhadrisen,anditwasonlysub- sequentlythatitwaslearnedthata fewboys,withBobBaileyattheir head,hadconstructedadamofalder treesandbagsofclay,alittlebelow Barnobrock,wherethechannel,nowhereverywide,wasmadequitenarrowbyrocksateitherside.Itwas doneonenightshortlyafterMorgan Moorehadfinishedhisvaluation,and theonlyrumouraboutitwasthatthey hadgoneonafishingexcursion. theconclusionofthejob,short!) foredawn,Bobproducedabottleof potteen,andastheywereenjoying theirdrinks,said,"Boys,wehave builtthefinestsalmonweirbetween hereandthesea,andinafewdays we'llhavethegreatestfalloffishthat everwasknownsincethetimeitrainedherringsinGloshmageeran. Theysingaverypopularsongaround therestillthatappearedatthetime inalocalpaper.Itisamootpoint whetherMorganMooreorWedonBarrettwastheauthor.Weappenda fewverses: WhentheBoysWenttoFishat Ballyscattery.

Onapleasantautumnnight

Whenthemoonwasshiningbright, Andthecloudswereverythinand ratherscattery, Abandofmerryboys,Withouttackle,boat,ornoise, WentfishingjustabitfromBally- scattery.

Theretheybuiltasoliddarn, Againstwhichthefishtocram, Thattheyhunteddowntheriverwith theirpattery; AndIcannottellyouall Takeninthemightyhaul, ThatwasshortlyaftermadeinBallyscattery. Withoutbait,orline,orrod, They,forcertain,caughtacod, Nearthedamthatstoodasfirmasa battery; Andacryingcrocodile ThatwasspawnedupontheNile, Buthadsomehow Ballyscattery.strayedawayto