Arabic lesson 1

ARABIC

LESSON 1 WORD Kind of Words Ism

ِ ‫سم ِ اهللِ الر ْح َم ِن الر‬ ِ ‫حيم‬ ‫ب‬ ْ َّ َّ ١

‫ا ْلكلِ َمة‬ A word is a unit of spoken or written language.

Examples: Book

He Knew

The Silver

ِ ‫تاب‬ ‫ك‬ ٌ

‫َعلِ َم‬

ِ َّ ‫الف‬ ‫ض ُة‬

‫سلِ ُمون‬ ْ ‫ُم‬

Kinds of words

‫ع ا ْلكلِ َمة‬ ُ ‫انْوا‬ Particle

ِ ‫الف ْع ُل‬

‫ف‬ َ ُ ‫الح ْر‬ Doesn’t convey complete meaning on its own.

Gives meaning to a sentence when used with verb or a noun.

Examples:

‫ِم ْن‬ ‫ِفي‬

‫َع ْن‬ ‫إلى‬

Noun

Verb

‫االسم‬

Action in relation to past, present, future tense or a command or request.

Listen

‫س َم ْع‬ ْ ‫ِا‬ Don’t help

‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫ال تَن‬

Name (of example: place, person, animal, thing)

‫ُم َح َّم ٌد‬

He opened

َ‫فَتَح‬

Face

‫َو ْج ٌه‬

Sun

َ ‫س‬ ٌ ‫ش ْم‬

He hits

ْ ‫َي‬ ‫ب‬ ُ ‫ض ِر‬

Moon

‫َق َم ٌر‬

Neck

Day

ِ ‫ج ْي ٌد‬

َ ‫ار‬ ‫ه‬ َ ٌ ‫ن‬

‫ليْ َل ٌة‬

Spring/Eye

Rope

Elephant

‫ني‬ ٌ ْ ‫َع‬

‫َحبْ ٌل‬

‫ف ْي ٌل‬

Night

‫االس ُم‬ ْ

NOUN INDEFINITE NOUNS DEFINITE NOUNS INDEFINITE NOUNS-

‫س َما ُء الن َّ ِك َرة‬ ْ َ‫أ‬ ‫س َما ُء امل َ ْع ِرفَ ُة‬ ْ َ‫أ‬ ‫س َما ُء الن َّ ِك َرة‬ ْ َ‫أ‬

Names given in general to Living/Non Living things(common nouns).

‫تَنْوين‬

End with Examples:

ً

Pen

Man

Fish

‫َق َل ٌم‬

‫َر ُج ٌل‬

‫س َم ٌك‬ َ

Mountain

Woman

Water

‫َجبَ ٌل‬

ٌ‫إِ ْم َرأَة‬

‫مآ ٌء‬

ٍ

ٌ Kingdom

‫ُم ْل ٌك‬ Sky

‫س َما ٌء‬ َ

DEFINITE NOUNS- ‫س َما ُء امل َ ْع ِرفَ ُة‬ ْ َ‫أ‬ Proper Names given in general to a certain person, place, object

1st type

2nd type

End with ‫تَنْوين‬

“DO NOT ” end with ‫تَنْوين‬

ً

ً

ٍ

ٌ

ٍ

ٌ

Egs.:

ِ ‫َح‬ ‫ام ٌد‬

ٌ‫نُ ْوح‬

Egs.:

ِ ‫إِبْر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اه‬ ْ ُ َ

ْ ُ‫اح َمد‬

Usually non-Arabic names and names which have more than 3 letters do not bear

‫تَنْوين‬

ِ ‫إِ ْبر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اه‬ ْ ُ َ

*A non- Arabic name

Nouns used as Adjectives denoting colours do not bear

Yellow

Black

‫صفَ ُر‬ ْ َ‫أ‬

‫س َو ُد‬ ْ َ‫أ‬

‫تَنْوين‬

Green

ْ َ‫أ‬ َ ‫خ‬ ‫ض ُر‬

Noun

‫االسم‬

Definite

Indefinite

‫الن َّ ِك َرة‬

‫ْامل َ ْع ِرفَة‬ Proper Names given in general to certain person, place, object

‫نُو ٌح‬

‫اح َم ُد‬ ْ

‫َم َّك ُة‬

Adding ‫ ا ْلـ‬to an indefinite Noun makes it Definite The man

A man

ٌ ‫الر ُج ُل‬ ‫ل‬ َّ = ‫ َر ُج‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬ The elephant

An elephant

ُ ‫ ف ْي ٌل = ا ْل ِف‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬ ‫يل‬ ِ Proper Nouns like ‫حام ٌد‬ are definite by nature.

So, ‫ ا ْلـ‬cannot be added to them.

Names given in general to a living/non-living thing(Common Nouns) Sky

Man

Sun

Moon

‫سما ٌء‬ َ

‫َر ُج ٌل‬

َ ‫س‬ ٌ ‫ش ْم‬

‫َق َم ٌر‬

Earth

Woman

Day

Night

ٌ ‫أر‬ ‫ض‬ ْ

ٌ‫ِا ْم َرأَة‬

‫ار‬ ٌ ‫نَ َه‬

‫ل ْي َل ٌة‬

Mountain

Fish

Rope

Elephant

‫َجبَ ٌل‬

‫س َم ٌك‬ َ

‫َحبْ ٌل‬

‫ف ْي ٌل‬

Examples for changing Indefinite nouns to Definite nouns: Adding ْ‫ الـ‬to an indefinite Noun makes it Definite The house

A house

ُ ْ‫= ا ْلبَي‬ ‫ت‬ The pen

‫ال َق َل ُم‬

The book

ُ

=

ٌ ‫ َق َلم‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬ A girl

=

ٌ ْ‫ ِبن‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬ ‫ت‬ A book

ِ ِ ْ ْ ‫ـ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫اب‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ُ + = ‫تاب‬ ٌ

ِ ‫س‬ ْ ‫م‬ َ ٌ ‫جد‬

The news

A pen

The girl

ُ ْ‫ا ْل ِبن‬ ‫ت‬

ٌ ْ‫ بَي‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬ ‫ت‬

ْ ِ ‫س‬ ‫جد‬ ْ َ ‫امل‬

ُ

‫= النَّبَأ‬ The fruit

ِ ‫ا ْل‬ ُ ‫فاك َهة‬

ٌ‫ نَبَأ‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬ A fruit

ْ ِ ‫ـ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ + = ٌ‫هة‬ َ ‫فاك‬

The day

ُ ‫= ا ْليَوْم‬

A day

‫ يَو ٌْم‬+ ‫ا ْلـ‬

‫ا ْلـ ‪ +‬بَيْ ٌ‬ ‫ت‬

‫= ا ْلبَيْت‬

‫ُ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫فاك َه ٌة‬ ‫ا ْلـ ‪+‬‬

‫=‬

‫ا ْل ِ‬ ‫فاك َهة‬

‫ُ‬

‫ا ْلـ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫َق َل ٌم‬

‫=‬

‫ال َق َلم‬

‫ُ‬

Conditions in which tanween on the last letter of the Noun is dropped: Adding

‫ ا ْلـ‬to an indefinite Noun makes it Definite The Fruit

A Fruit

ِ َ‫ا ْلف‬ ‫اك َه ُة‬

ِ َ‫ف‬ ‫اك َه ٌة‬

=

+

‫ا ْلـ‬

Proper nouns are definite by nature. Therefore, Examples:

ِْ ‫إِ ْبر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اه‬ ُ َ

‫ا ْلـ‬

cannot be added to them.

ٌ ‫نُ ْوح‬

*A non- Arabic name

When two nouns come together in the possessive form, the while the corresponding harakah

The second noun will have kasrah/Tanween Kasrah

َ‫أ‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ص‬ َ ِ ُ‫اب ا ْل ُقب‬ ْ ُ

Inhabitants of the graves

In case of pronouns:

‫َب ْي ُتـ َك‬ Your house

‫تَن ْ ِوين‬

ِ ُ َ

‫ا َ ْل ُقبُور‬

ُ

The graves

‫َك‬ Your

is dropped from the first noun will remain.

‫اب‬ ٌ ‫أ َ ْص َح‬ Companions/ Inhabitants

‫ت‬ ٌ ‫َب ْي‬ House

In the possessive phrase, the first noun is owned by or in possession of the second noun