Architucture Master's Thesis | Urban Regeneration | Social & Ecological Regeneration

S O C I A L &

E C O L O G I C A L

R E G E N E R A T I O N

O F A G R A

Master’s Thesis | Jamia Millia Islamia Mohammad Rahman Hasan | Urban Regeneration

C A N A L

CONTENT 04

Overview 05 Canal Stretch and Context 06 Evolution and Transformation 07

BACKGROUND

Morphology along Canal Character Districts Enclosure Visual Graph Analysis Roads Analysis Axial Analysis Pedestrian

08 02

PHYSICAL ANALYSIS

16

09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Social Maps 16 Activity Mapping 17

SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Types of Green Vegetation Mapping

18

19 19

ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Solid Waste Mapping Ecological Issues Issues SWOT Analysis

20

22

24

Master Plan 20 Land Use Analysis 21

GOVERNANCE

Drainage Analysis 23

DRAINAGE

Canal Sections 24 Transformation 25

CANAL DETAILS

26

30

34

ISSUES MAPPING

26 27 28 29

Cause and Effect Bubble Diagram 30 Strategies and Way-forward 31 Structure 32 Projects and Interventions 33

STRATEGIES

Agra Canal Ecological Proposals 34 Shaheenbagh Canal Front Dev. 35 Jasola Intersection Dev. 41 Noor Nagar Canal front Dev. 46 Okhla Head Node Dev. 48 Storm water Drainage System 50 Bioswale Plan 51 Proposed Sections 52 UP Irrigation Land Proposal 53 Proposed View 55

PROPOSALS

03

BACKGROUND STUDY

Agra canal Regional Contextv Agra canal starts its journey from the district of Delhi, flowing on through Faridabad, Palwal Mathura and finally ends up in Agra where it joins tributary river of Yamuna.

The canal is about 163 km long and carries a discharge of about 63.5m3/ sec. It irrigates about 138,000 hectares of land mainly in two districts of Mathura and Agra in Uttar Pradesh.

Agra canal mostly passes through irrigational land and still used as an irrigational canal it. It helps in the enhancement of production of wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize, pulses, and oilseeds in its command area.

The canal is spit into two in Gurgaon and called as Gurgaon canal which is an interstate project between Rajasthan & Haryana and takes off from Agra canal at a distance of around 8 km from its off-take at Okhla barrage.

The water flow capacity of this canal is 14.15m3/sec and land irrigated by this canal is about 40,000 hectares.

Time line of Agra canal • This canal was contemplated when the question of the remodelling of the Ganges canal was being agitated in 1804.

• It was then pointed out that water might be drawn from the River Jamuna below Delhi to supplement the irrigation of the Ganga-Jamuna bench Iands.

• The idea was further discussed in 1866.

• In 1807 projects were submitted.

• In 1868 the works were sanction for the purpose of famine relief.

• The works as eventually sanctioned in 1872 correspond closely to the present completed Agra canal project.

• It was formally opened in March, 1874.

• In 1875 it was found that the original weir was insufficient. The great flood of that year had seriously injured the scouring sluices and the works were then reconstructed.

• As originally constructed in 1874, weir was not more than 130 feet width from top to heel, but after being injured by successive floods it was carried out and added to until its width is now over 240 feet.

• Navigation on the canal was stopped in 1904 because it was intervening with the irrigation.

Historical maps of Agra canal (Source: India and Pakistan 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1960; Survey of India, Murray’s Handbook) 04

Source: Water-supply and Irrigation Papers of the United States Geological Survey, Volumes 84-89

Overview

Agra canal in districts (Source: Bhuvan), Location of Agra canal in Delhi Tahsil (source: COI)

Land cover across agra canal (Source: esri, author) 05

Canal Stretch and Context

2001

Site Infographic Map (source: Author) 06

2006

Agra canal with context of Delhi • The British administration planned Agra Canal for irrigation, following a series of famines in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh regions in the 19th century.

• The canal starts from Okhla Head, passes through Faridabad and Mathura, and carries water to Agra. A small portion of Bharatpur also gets water from this.

• An excavation started in 1868 and the canal was officially opened in 1874 by Sir William Muir.

• Initially, the channel was available for traffic, but was closed in 1904 in the absence of adequate number of users and the cost of working expenses were higher than the receipts.

Source: Hindusthan Times Agra canal defunct stretch and its precinct From entire colony be constructed after 2000, to up gradation of Okhla waste management zone and addition of two new wings, there has allot of development which has happened. There has been drastic decrease in urban farming in just two decades as we see from comparison. There has been densification of Shaheen Bagh, Abul Fazal and other URC and UACs. DDA HIGs colonies which did not exist two decades before were constructed from scratch. There are three such colonies. Independent gated colonies in Jasola have also come forth. Sprawl by Jasola village is also seen, which have grown by the depletion of agricultural land.

Evolution and Transformation

2011

Important Dates Ghaffar Manzil: 1980 Haji Colony: 1985 Sarita Vihar: 1986 Abul Fazal: 1889 Johri Farm: 1990 Shaheen Bagh: 1992 Okhla Vihar: 1996

2021

Jasola Village: 1910 Jasola Vihar: 1998 Holy Family Hospital: 1953 Escort Hospital: 1960 Apollo Hospital: 1983 Bansal Hospital: 2005 Sanjeevani Hospital: 2012 Al-Shifa Hospital: 2012

Inferences through Satellite images From entire colony be constructed after 2000, to up gradation of Okhla waste management zone and addition of two new wings, there has allot of development which has happened. There has been drastic decrease in urban farming in just two decades as we see from comparison.

There has been densification of shaheen bagh, abul fazal and other URC and UACs. DDA HIGs colonies which did not existed two decade before were constructed from scratch.

There are three such colonies. Independent gated colonies in Jasola has also come forth. Sprawl by Jasola village is also seen, which have grown by the depletion of agricultural land.

Site Evolution Map (source: Author) 07

PHYSICAL ANALYSIS

Site Analysis: The following section includes detailed analysis of the defunct stretch of the Agra canal. It looks into various aspect to get a deep understanding of the site.

Maps: Understanding the site though various group of maps of the site. Maps are not just of Agra canal but also site surrounding it as the social regeneration author was looking for would only be proposed if we have a overall understanding of what’s happening around the site General Analysis: A general overview of the site can be understood though maps such as Land use, land type, ownership etc.

Grain Analysis, Reverse Figure Ground and Figure ground (Left to Right) (source: Author) 08

Morphology along Canal

Digital Elevation Model (source: Bhuvan, Author)

Contour Map

(source: ESRI, Author)

Observations: • High Built area • Shaheen bagh and Abul fazal lie in Flood Plane • Natural drainage pattern intersect with open spaces • Diversity in Built pattern

Open Space Map (source: Author)

• Mixed land use prevalent in unplanned colony • Wide Diversity in character of Districts • Economically diverse • High density in unplanned colonies Building Height Map (source: Author) 09

Character Districts Abul Fazal • Fine to Mid Size Grain • Unplanned colony • Organic street pattern • High enclosure Enclosure, 3:2 • Extremely High Pop. Density • Mid Build Density

DDA HIG - Low Density • Mid Size Grain • Gated colony • Planned street pattern • Low Enclosure, 1:3 • Medium Population Density • Mid Built Density

DDA HIG - High Density • Coarse Size Grain • Well defined bounded colony • Planned street pattern • Low Enclosure, 1:3 • High Population Density • High Build Density

Jasola Village • Fine Grain • Urban Village • Organic street pattern • High Encl. Unto 3:1 • High Population Density • High Built Density ShaheenBagh

Okhla Vihar • Fine Grain • Urban village extension • Organic street pattern • High Enclose upto 4:1 • High Population Density • High Built Density

• Fine Grain • Unplanned plotted colony • Organic street pattern • Externally Encl. 5:3 • Internal Encl.: 4:1 • High Population Density • High Built Density Jasola - Planned

Okhla Head • Fine Grain • Urban Village • Organic street pattern • Medium Enclosure • Population Density • Built Density

Analyzing Characters of different typology (Source: Google Earth, Photos by Author) 10

• Coarse Grain • Planned gated colony • Defined street pattern • Good Enclosure • Low Population Density • Mid Built Density

Enclosure

Jasola Irrigation Channel 2:1

DDA HIG High density 1:3

Okhla Vihar, Noor Nagar, Internal Gali 3:1

Abul Fazal Main Road 1:1

Abul Fazal II 3:2

Shaheenbagh External Road 5:3

11

Visual Graph Analysis

Visual Graph Analysis: The visual graph analysis has been made by adding layers like boundary, roads, build and trees to understand the most visually open spaces. As visualized by the map the most visually open space is Shaheenbagh and Jasola Pulliya there fore this of high land value and designed as public space then designing a block or building here. This means the temporary police outpost which was recently converted into station after encroaching on the Agra canal bank could be relocated where it is of more value than hindrance.

Road Pattern and Hierarchy: The evolution of the settlement has been a major factor on the pattern as it is today. The overlay of settlement evolution on top of road pattern clearly shows a connecting as settlement with earlier origin are more organic and curved with fewer right angles. Intermediary settlements like abul fazal, Noor Nagar and Shaheenbagh are more defined - comparatively. The basic pattern of the Shaheenbagh and Abul fazal are revolving as such - there is so called avenue dissecting the settlement in two parts from between. It is these avenues where internal roads those are much narrower and organic at neighborhood level are connecting. On the periphery are running wider access road and collector road.

Public Transport: There is lack of public transport availability within internal streets and it give rise to private public transport services like Gramin sewa and tuk tuk with specific stops.

12

Visual Graph Analysis (source: Author)

Roads Analysis Pattern

Organic Road connected with Fragmented avenues and Organic but

periphery roads

comparatively much straight and wide road Organic Road connected with central avenues and periphery road

Narrow organic Roads

Internal Okhla WWTP Road

Cul-de-sacs

Road Hierarchy map (source: Author)

Public Transportation Map (source: Author)

13

Axial Analysis

1000m

1000m

Node Length Map (source: Author)

1000m

Choices Map (source: Author)

1000m

Integration Map (source: Author)

Connectivity Map

Depth Map: The depth map shows the data of analysis by taking GD marg as a destination and how much well other nodes are integrated to it. The inference is pretty clear as Noor nagar/ Okhla Vihar has maximum number of nodes to cross to get to the outer road.

Integration: This map is about degree to which node is integrated or segregated with the system as a whole. The inference is that the Roads which are parallel to the canal is well integrated.

Connectivity: Showing the direct connection of nodes to individual node. This Map shows the number of intersection a roads has. The road with most intersection is Maulana Azad marg.

Node Length: Marking by the intensity the length of each node. The road with longest length is Jasola vihar main road, followed by Kalandi kunj marg, Hari khothi road, Maulna Azad road and jasola metro road.

Choices: The darker street segments represent the pathways which are assumed to be used comparatively more by the people during escape. According to the analysis Jasola main road is the most used road by the pedestrian by as per of its connectivity.

14

Base

Depth Map (source: Author)

Pedestrian

Fragmented Pedestrian Pathways

Unused

Anti social activities

Dilapidated condition

Used for Parking

Peak hour Traffic Map (source: Googlemaps)

Lack of visibility

Unused

No pedestrian Infrastructure at the Intersection

No Infra Only Accessible by the pedestrian

Used Socially

Pedestrian Pathway Mapping: The pedestrian path and infrastructure is analyzed in the above map. The Major inference is that there is a clear disparity between both side of the canal even if we specifically look at pedestrian infrastructure. Then there are spaces where this infrastructure is available but has not been well designed either its not wide enough or not accessible which just leads to its dilapidated condition.

Peak Hour Traffic: Most of high traffic is on the external road on GD marg as it goes directly towards the Noida.

No pedestrian Infrastructure in Shaheenbagh

Disconnected

Lacking Proper Anthro

Pedestrian Pathway Mapping (source: Author) 15

SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Social Infrastructure Mapping(source: Author)

Social Infrastructure: Social infrastructure mapping shows the disparity between planned and unplanned colonies.

16

Population Density Map (source: Author)

Population Density: Toward the north the population is higher, Jasola Vihar is comparatively less dense because of it has newer planned colonies and also okhla WWTP. Looking at the population pyramid we understand majority of the population are combination of women and children.

Activity Mapping

Activity Map 6am to 9am (source: Author)

Activity Map 9am to 3pm (source: Author)

Activity Map 3pm to 8pm (source: Author)

Activity Mapping: The major inferences from activity mapping are: • There is a high intensity of footprint near okhla head through out the day starting from the morning when there are number of labors sitting

near the intersection to find work, moving to afternoon when the students are going to jamia and coaching centers. Thus we see a restaurant and cafes being activated due to this.

• On the canal bank and under the dock yard

children are playing due to lack of recreational infrastructure.

• On the Jasola Pulliya there is a lot of hotchpotch due to lack of adequate pedestrian infrastructure

17

ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Trees Mapping: Well-drained soil is required for most trees and the soil around the canal is well drained, which allows for extensive tree growth. Trees create an ecosystem to provide habitat and food for birds and other animals. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and potentially harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide or carbon monoxide from the air and release oxygen.

Observations: •There is adequate presence of trees along the main road, but as we move on inside the localities the number of trees can be seen reducing to almost negligible.

•The trees do not seem to be planted in a planned manner rather very disorganized.

•There are no defined common places for recreation purposes.

•Seating space is not provided anywhere for people commuting through these areas, who would like to experience diffused sun-light and shade to get some rest from hard and scorching heat of the sun.

•A huge volume of disparity can be seen between the west and east side of the canal in terms of green spaces, social spaces and recreational spaces.

Evergreen Trees: • Peepal • Kikar • Ashoka • Devil tree • Eucalyptus • Cassia tree • Southern silk oak tree

18

Functional implications: • Places requiring shade throughout the year, • Strong visual screening • Part of windbreak or shelter planting.

• Areas where leaf Lifter is to be discouraged.

• Provides protection from winter winds and acts as privacy screen Deciduous trees: • Khair tree • Indian elm tree • Mango tree • Indian rosewood tree • Palash tree • Fig tree • Plum tree Functional implication: • Greater visual variety.

• Partial visual barrier.

• Areas where under-planting is to be encouraged.

• Emphasis on branching and flowering pattern.

• Areas where shade is not required throughout the year.

Shrubs: • Switch grass • Dwarf Cattail • Bulrush • Castor plant • Juuflora • White frangipani

Vegetation Mapping

Types of Green Map (source: Author)

Maps of trees (source: Author, Studio II Recreation dept. JMI) 19

GOVERNANCE

Master Plan, Zonal Plan F & O, Assembly Constituency Map (Source: Delhi Development Authority, Geo Special 20

Type of Settlement Map (author)

Land Use Analysis

Plot use Map (source: author)

Land use Map (source: author) 21

DRAINAGE Six zones of Delhi Drain

Drainage Pattern Delhi

Line Diagram for WWPS and WWTP Okhla, (Source Delhi Drainage Master plan)

Sub Drainage zones

(source: Drainage master plan for NCT of Delhi)

22

Showing Position of The Tekhand Nalla (Source: Irrigation and flood control department, Govt of NTC of Delhi)

Drain Map of Delhi

(Source: Danny cherian, Startegy framework for Delhi beyond the commonwealth games 2010)

Flow Chart of Existing Infrastructure in Sub Drainage Zone (Source: Delhi Drainage Master plan)

Drainage Analysis Quantity Data Abul Fazal flow: 26MLD Okhla WWTP: 170MGD

• CPWD:20 • Jaitpur: 10 • CRRI: 2 • Internal: 5 • Waste to energy: 0.5-2 • Excess to Agra canal: 98

Barapullah Drainage Map

Source: Irrigation and Flood Control Department , Govt of NTC of Delhi

Inferences • Abul fazal drain is taking sewer of the colony directly to the Yamuna.

• Most of the Nalas are closed but some drains like Abul fazal, Tehkhand are partly open which causes frequent blockade.

• Residents of Jasola Vihar are directly dumping their sewer into the Tehkhand Nala (which is suppose to bring treated water from Okhla WWTP) then dumping waste water into Agra canal.

• According to the proposal by the Delhi Jal boards, settlements like Abul fazal, Shaheen bagh are proposed to flow to Jasola waste water pump station then forward to Okhla waste water treatment plant.

• Jasola irrigation channel gets highly polluted passing through the village.

Drainage Map (source: author) 23

CANAL DETAILS

Division of Stretch (source: author) 24

Sections through canal (source: author)

Transformation Okhla Head As the canal flows through Okhla head node, water becomes murky, there are various spots where garbage is being collected, which have been marked in the left map. The okhla bridge is creating number of dead spaces and also causing garbage collection. Just after passing through bridge, on the eastern bank there is metro station, while on the west bank, there is a dense vegetation, also it is worth noting water quality becomes better as canal passes further deep, this is due to the reason there is no access of the public in near by settlements to the canal and also the presence of vegetation is also boosting water quality. As per of the transformation out of all the spaces which have transformed most are marked in yellow. The space marked above was used as a ram leela maidan during festival. Not only this space is bounded now and restricted but also due to this there is a scarcity which has occurred. The space which is marked below is now transformed into a dense vegetation. There is also issue of dumping soil which has created unusual contour now in this space. Apart from clear bank of the canal, there has been other transformation like increase in the density and build percentage.

UP Irrigation As the canal passes through Okhla metro station, It is met with dense vegetation on both the bank. Due to lack of maintenance most of the trees on the bank are in bad condition. There is a prominence of wild planters during this stretch. As per of the garbage, there are not many spots during this section where garbage is being collected, but few spots are marked in the map mention on th left. Evolution, there has been transformation in the bank on east. There were various structure which were built at the time but not now.

JJ Cluster This stretch is the most polluted area of the canal, being directly dumped Grey and black water along with their fecal matter. Their are domestic buffalo swimming in the canal which are own by the people of JJ. The slum have settled in last 10 years.

Abul Fazal Enclave This stretch is passing trough vacant land on the eastern bank which has a lot of ugly contour created due to nearby construction dumping their excess soil here, while on the other side there is DMRC’s land which is bounded. There is garbage presence on both side of eastern bank of the canal. As per of evolution, there used to be farming on western side bank and on eastern side was open for public during festive season.

Jasola Pulliya Jasola Pulliya is one of the four bridge passing over the old stretch of Agra canal. though there are no direct access to the canal by the public. There are various spots where garbage is accumulating as we have seen in the Okhla head node, there are a lot of dead spaces is being formed. Also, this being a important junction for the drain lines, there are drain coming from Jasola, from Abul fazal and shaheenbagh then running parallel to the Agra canal.

Space used for Ram lela

Offices of Irrigation dept.

Vacant land

Social Spaces: Used for Mangal Bazaar

No existing slum

Used for farming Wetland

Urban farming Urban farming

Open Irrigation channel

Urban farming

Satellite Images Showing Transformation (source: Google Earth) 25

ISSUES MAPPING Jasola Pulliya

Slum

Abul Fazal Nala

Tekhand Nala

Agra canal

Irrigation Channel over Agra Canal

Tekhand Drain joining Agra Canal

Abul fazal Nala

Dumping at Shaheenbagh bank

Sewer from Shaheenbagh Colony

Abulfazal Nala

Irrigation Channel

Solid Waste Mapping (source: author) 26

Photos of Issues in Agra canal (source: author, Dr. Nissar Khan)

Ecological Issue

Detailed section showing issues (source: author)

Jasola Village Pollution Map (source: author)

Issues Looking at the issues which are specific to this nodes there are various point which must be noted.

• The creation of dead spaces is quite evident here lack of urban planning has caused the space to be divided and then either used for anti social behavior or these space will become dumping points.

• There is a lack of design for the pedestrian, even though there is a metro station in the vicinity, this has not change the fact that this is no consideration given to the pedestrian.

• E-Rickshaw and other private public transport are causing major traffic congestion. There are no stops for e rickshaws • There are various spots under the bridge where local garbage is being collected.

• Street animals are living under the bridge.

• Just after canal passes through bridge there is lack of profile on both the banks of canal. There is collection of sediments and soil from nearby construction, which is the reason.

• There is a small clusters of J.J. near the bridge on the western bank.

Source of Pollution in Agra Canal (source: author) 27

Issues

Issues on Bank (source: author) 28

Contextual Issues (source: author)

S W O T

SWOT Analysis Problems

• • • • •

Health care tourism in Jasola vihar Well integrated with Delhi metro and Bus Various privately owned public transportation services Mixed use well integrated with residential colonies Demographically, culturally and economically Diverse population

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Lack of social infrastructure and community spaces particularly in unplanned colonies Lack of recreational and open spaces Internal streets enclosure causing lack of sunlight Parking issue Number of green spaces not accessible by the public Recreational spaces are restricted to certain colonies Fragmented and badly designed pedestrian footpaths Major Road of Abul Fazal (Kalandi Kung Marg) is not well integrated even being a collector road.

Lack of Social Accessibility to Noor Nagar and Jasola village is extremely low.

Cohesion Abul Fazal open sewer is passing from its access road (Hari Kothi road) being a menace to the eyes and nose Rapid sprawling and unauthorized construction Noise pollution and vibration Accessibility to the Canal is not at all available to the people of the nearby colony.

Boundary in open spaces reducing accessibility Pedestrian infrastructure near Jasola pulliya intersection is lacking leading to hotchpotch flow of population & vehicle

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Unbuilt lying on lower elevation High man power Famous for its food culture FAB India Coaching centres Availability of daily waged labor Jasola - shaheenbagh intersection and shaheen bagh canal bank is a high value land and should be developed as Public spaces Hari khothi road could be developed as an active space Agra canal can act as a tool for Regeneration of these colonies Social cohesion through public spaces for festivals, bazaars and other events Restoring the ecology and enhancing the micro climate Promoting tourism

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Density is extremely high in eastern colonies from Agra canal Trees like kikar and water letuse is extremely harming to the Agra canal ecology Jasola village directly dumping their sever in tekhand nala Jasola Irrigation channel polluted by the Jasola village Open sewer nala running parallel to the Agra canal Slum situated on the Agra canal bank Okhla vihar directly dumping their sever to the Agra canal Flash flood is a common re occurrence in the residential colony Solid waste accumulation specially on the edge of the canal High percentage of hard-scape leading to low porosity Depletion of ground water level Polluted water used for the irrigation Degradation of the ecology

Loss of Agra Canal Ecology

Lack of Accessibility

Unplanned Development

Governance conflict

29

STRATEGIES

Chord Diagram (source: author)

Cause and Effect Bubble Diagram (source: author) 30

Cause and Effect Bubble Diagram: This process was used to identify the major problem from all the underlying issues. After being categorized into similar type of issue cause and its effect were identified for each of the issue and at the top of the pyramid lie the problem for example loss of ecology of Agra canal is identified as a problem but it cant be addressed until issues leading to it is solved. That are majorly slums, Tekhand Nala, open sewer and dense vegetation on the bank which needs to be solved in order to address the problem while the chord diagram is to the identified interrelation ship between the categories.

Strategies and Way-forward

Problem

Issues

Social

Canal bank has become dead space and adobe for street animal Anti social activities on various location Open or direct defecation and Animal Bathing Slum situated on the Agra canal bank Spaces lost in transition Lack of social infrastructure and community spaces particularly in unplanned colonies

Strategies Convert dead spaces to public use Rehabilitation for Encroachment

Design public spaces by Putting people first Design balanced and sustainable development for all along the canal and ensuring least environmental impact

Infrastructural

Lack of recreational and open spaces Availaibe open spaces are not accessible by the public due to boundaries Lack of Parking infrastructure Pedestrian conneectivity on Jasola pulliya intersection is lacking, leading to hotchpotch flow Fragmented and badly designed pedestrian footpaths Collector Road of Abul Fazal (Kalandi Kung Marg) is not well integrated.

Accessibility to Noor Nagar and Jasola village from highway is low.

Pedestrian connectivity between either side of the canal Old Bridges Delapidated Noise pollution and vibration from metro No direct Acceciblity to the canal The dumping of waste obstructs the flow of water Dumping of waste in the canal Garbage are collecting in the various spots within the flow of canal Accumilation of garbage on the edges of the canal

Develop Transportational Plan Increase accessibility to the canal and the water

Proposed Solid waste Management

• Recreational Intervention like Cricket, Basketball and badminton/Volleyball court • Women's and Children Park • Public Square and Step Plazas • Remove Boundary • Paid Car Parking • Redevelopment of the Bridge as an iconic structure • Proposed Pedestrian Spine • Traffic analysis and transporational plan • Proposed Access road connecting Noor Nagar to outer road • FOB over canal • Jasola Pulliya Bridge Redevelopment

• Remove Solid waste • Raise awereness • Integrated dump boxes • Daily cleaning staff • Clean the Canal • Remove Solid waste

Depletion of ground water level and high hardscape Storm Water Management Flash flood is a common reoccurrence in the residential colony

Ecological

• Street Food Court • Commercial Spaces • Space for Hawker and Vendors • Public Squares

• Landscape Buffer • Plant Trees

Stagnancy of water in the canal

• Propose Bio swales • Water Recharge pits • Wet lands • Artifical Ponds

Abul Fazal open sewer flowing on Hari Kothi road is a menace to the eyes and nose

• Bio Swales • Propose Squares along roads

Jasola village directly dumping their sever in tekhand nala

• Proposed sewer line and connection to the Sewer system • DEWAT systems Proposals • Neghborhood level STPs • Reed beds • Cover up the Tehkhand Nala

Propose improved and integrated drainage plan Promote Waste Water Management

• Proposed sewer line

Open sewer nala running parallel to the Agra canal Okhla vihar and Noor Nagar directly dumping their sever to the Agra canal

• Neghborhood level STPs

Jasola Irrigation channel polluted by the Jasola village

Polluted water used for the irrigation

Management

Interventions • Riperian Buffer • Public Spaces and Landscape Design • Public Restroom (Drinking water and Washroom) • Relocate the slum • Alloted spaces or design for Hafta Bazaar, Festive Events, Spaces for events and fairs

Attempt to revive the ecology of the canal

• Clean the Irrigation Channel • Integrate it within the Economy • Raise Awareness • Develop a strong identity for the channel within the community • Promote the space to come together as a community

Trees like kikar and water letuse is extremely harming to the Agra canal ecology

• Landscape Design • Planting Benificial Trees • Proposed public Space

Reduced urban farming Recreational spaces are restricted to certain colonies users Government ownership conflict.

• Riperian Buffer • Tactical Urbanism Policies • Dual Govenrment Ownership

Policicies according to each situation

A large number of people is unaware of the historical significance, potential and the effects of bad condition of the canal

• Increase General Awareness • Social media Promotion

Lack of visual and movement accessibility near the canal prevents people from accessing the canal

• Remove Boundary

Lack of profile on the banks of canal

Cost for Regeneration

Consult and involve the stakeholders and community in the decision making process

Make a integrate economic plan by identifing economical assest, potentials and promoting state and national tourism

• Strengthening the canal embankments • Landscape Design • Proposed public Space • Designing space for mangal bazaar, fetivals, fairs, Markets, Cafes, etc.

• Promote Shaheen bagh food culture • Provide vocational training for people to generate economy • Development control regulations and guidelines for the canal front development • Using social media as a tool for promoting tourism • Design at least one iconic project which will be promoted as identity for tourism, Recomended project: Jasola Puliya redevelopment

Problem Issue Strategy Matrix (source: author) 31

Structure

Structural Plan (source: author) 32

Layers of Structural Plan(source: author)

Projects and Interventions List of Intervention Sno.

1 • Remove Boundary

Interventions

Project

Area

2 • Public Restroom (Drinking water and Washroom)

4 • Space for Hawker and Vendors 5 • Riperian Buffer • Recreational Intervention like Cricket, Basketball and 6 badminton/Volleyball court 7 • Women's and Children Park 8 • Public Square and Step Plazas 9 • Promenade (Upper and Lower) 10 • Interactive Waterscape

Shaheen Bagh Canal Front Development

11 • Commercial Spaces 12 • FOB over canal

13 • Public Restroom (Drinking water and Washroom) 14 • Public Spaces and Landscape Design 15 • Promenade (Upper)

Noor Nagar Canal Front Development

16 • Commercial Spaces

17 • Landscaping, Seating and Public Spaces 18 • Promenade (Lower and Upper)

Okhla Head Entrance

19 • Redevelopment of the Bridge as an iconic structure 20 • Reduce Boundary height of DMRC under dockyard 21 • Space for Hafta Bazar 22 • Spaces and Policies Festivals and Exibition 23 • Paid Car Parking

Agra Canal and its bank - Defunct Stretch

3 • Street Food Court

Jasola Puliya and Contextual Development

24 • Policies for Tactical Urbanism 25 • Redevelopment of Police Station 26 • Remove Boundary

29 • Artifical Pond 30 • Public Spaces and Square

UP irrigation land Development

31 • Nine squares along the Main road 32 • Bio Swales

33 • Car Parking 34 • Erickshaw Charging Spots

35 • Connected with the Spine

36 • Neghborhood level STPs 37 • Reed Bed 38 • Cover up the Nala 39 • Public spaces and Recreational Use 40 • Community Spaces

Projects Overview (source: author)

Abul Fazal Drain

Irrigation channel from WWTP and its precinct Tekhand Nala

Jasola Village

28 • Wet land

Abul Fazal

27 • Pedestrian pathways connecting AF and SB

Proposal Plan and List of Interventions (source: author) 33

PROPOSALS Agra Canal Ecological Proposals

Proposal for Tekhand Drain (source: author)

Proposal for Jasola Irrigation channel (source: author)

Section A

Section B

Sections through Jasola Irrigation Cannel (source: author) 34

Section C

Sections of proposal for Tekhand Drain (source: author)

Shaheenbagh Canal Front Development

Aerial Views of Shaheenbagh Canal front development (source: author)

Plan and Section of Shaheenbagh Canal bank proposal (source: author) 35

View of open street food-court and landscape mound in the background (source: author) 36

View of interactive Water-scape and Food-court in the background (source: author)

Isometric section of landscape mound (source: author)

Soft scape Public Spaces The intention of the design is to keep the soft scape of canal bank high as the residential colonies beside it severely lacks open spaces leading to high water runoff. The Mound is given just at the entry for the pedestrian who are coming crossing the bridge as a space for sitting under the shade of tree and by the people who are coming for shopping or the pedestrians in street food court. There is also proposal of interactive water scape, designed as an extension of irrigation water channel running parallel to the Shaheenbagh.

Isometric section of food court (source: author)

Street Food court Famous for its food and delicacies, Sheelagh has this strong point which can be exploited. For that there is a proposal of space which will be alloted for street food shops. These can be temporary shops which can be prototyped and designed by the UP irrigation department and the same can be replicated or space can be alloted to the tenant and they can construct custom shops in that space. The space is designed with proper tree shade and seating. This proposal can have user footprint from all over Delhi if promoted and designed accordingly.

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View of Proposed children’s park (source: author) 38

View of Step Plazas (source: author)

Isometric section of Step plazas (source: author)

Isometric section of Women and Children’s Park (source: author) 39

Isometric section of Recreation zone (source: author)

Aerial view of proposed recreational spaces (source: author) 40

Recreational Space Due to lack of recreational space available for the children to play in the nearby unauthorized regularized residential colonies, this section is proposed to be developed as a recreational stretch. Following facilities are proposed cricket ground, basket ball court, badminton court, small public restroom, promenade for cycling and skating while canal bank is also accessible to the public as a green open space touching the water.

Women and Children Park This is another proposal based on the necessity of the user base around the site. There is number of the young user and house maker women in these colonies who need proper recreational spaces, keeping them in mind are these spaces proposed.

Step Plaza and park The space proposed is a mixed recreational and commercial use. Open spaces are provided for the neighborhood with extensive green spaces.

There is a proposal of step plaza which can bee used for seating. On one side of the steps space given for vendors and street shops. On the other side is green bank connected directly with the canal. There is also proposal of interactive water scape in the middle of the plaza.

Jasola Intersection Development

Isometric section of Jasola Intersection (source: author)

The Jasola Intersection This being the major intersection between the colonies on both side of the bank with clearly lacks the social cohesion between the two, the proposal was to connect vertically the pedestrian path and promenade along the stretch of the canal, while also proposing horizontal pedestrian connectivity as a avenue from Jasola Village till Shaheenbagh and the bridge being the intersection between the two will lead as social cohesion factor. As the connectivity with the colonies increases by adding new paths like noor nagar’s and gaffar manliz’s connectivity with the canal and also with the state highway leading to more footfall.

Proposed Plan of Jasola Intersection (source: author) 41

Public spaces around the intersection (source: author) 42

Green spaces around intersection, can also be used as a event Proposed steps around the canal to increase interaction with area (source: author) canal water, doubles as seating social spaces (source: author)

View of public square in Shaheenbagh canal bank proposed for hawkers. (source: author)

Shaheenbagh Public Square This proposal on the Shaheenbagh canal bank is a space for the local gathering. For hawkers and vendors for selling vegetable etc. Lush green spaces are also designed for gatherings, recreational and visual need for the residents in the colony. On the entrance a event lawn has been designed as pedestrian are entering from the bridge or the other side of the canal. Designed has been inspired by the step wells of Rajasthan.

Isometric section of Public Square (source: author) 43

Step well inspired public spaces proposed in canal bank (source: author)

Proposal of small community squares along abul fazal road (source: author)

Paid parking to address the issue and generate economy (source: author) 44

Connected Pedestrian spine continues through promenade and event area proposed under metro dock (source: author)

Event area and other small interventions To increase the economical impact proposal of spaces includes intervention which considers local stakeholder and addresses issues in a surgical manner. Small intervention design wise but these have big economical impact. Police station near the bridge have been relocated off from the intersection. This is because the intersection space is of high value and should be designed as a open public space to take advantage of the situation and in return it will increase over all value of the area.

Metro dockyard proposed space for Hafta Bazaar and other events (source: author)

Isometric section through Metro dockyard (source: author)

Metro dock yard The dockyard will combine activities to provide relaxed spatial experiences with shaded areas contrasting with the efficient and social display. By commemorating weekly bazaars under the dockyard, this would give a vision for urban living by providing a dynamic public realm that mixes semi outdoor experience. The crux of the design is to reduce hight of boundary wall along the dock yard which is major reason for creating this dead space. The Inside space should be maintained with little landscape and the space should be given to hawkers and vendors for commercial activity.

Proposed view events under metro dockyard (source: author) 45

Noor nagar Canal front Development

Slum Relocation Map (source: author)

Proposed Interceptor Line (source: auth.)

Table regarding the slum (source: Delhi Shelter Board)

Proposal plan of Noor Nagar Canal Front Development (source: author) 46

Noor Nagar Canal Front Development This part of stretch is between Okhla head and Jasola village. The proposal is firstly to relocate the slum of approx 220 household adjacent to the abul fazal UP irrigation owned land. Followed by developing it as a canal front for noor nagar. As connectivity was issue for this residential colony there is proposal of road running parallel to the canal. There is proposal of commercial space along the canal on which can be build permanent or temporary structure. To increase the connectivity further there is proposal of promenade running parallel to the canal and also proposed is a foot over bridge over the canal connecting noor nagar with Abul fazal and, abul fazal with promenade.

Before and After view under the metro, along the noor nagar stretch (source: author)

Isometric section of Noor Nagar Canal Front (source: author)

Aerial view of Under Metro Bridge (source:

author)

View of Proposed Foot over Bridge over the canal (source: author) 47

Okhla Head Node Development Project

Section cutting through the canal and its bank near okhla head bridge (source: author)

Proposed Plan of Okhla head node (source: author) 48

Okhla Head Node The Main entry to the canal bank is through okhla head node, which is particularly interesting because not only its receives high footfall from Jamia Millia islamia students but also it being a hub of coaching centers in the vicinity it is highly active during afternoon to the evening due to this reason and also it being an intersection between abul fazal, okhla gaon and Batla house the proposals on the intimidate entrance are open and lush green spaces, seatings , public washrooms and drinking water facilities. The design of promenade is such that there are two levels to it.

Lower and upper promenade and lastly there in increase connectivity by proposing a new road parallel to the canal. Future proposal ideas: This space is adjacent to Jamia Millia Islamia, they can propose direct entry from the campus to increase accessibility to Shaheenbagh Jasola and Abul fazal bypassing the Tikona park route entirely thus reducing traffic and increasing pedestrian connectivity.

Upper promenade includes public spaces, com. area (including hawkers and vendors) and social infrastructure (wc & drinking water) lower promenade proposed as a interactive waterscape

Connecting lower and upper promenade

Isometric section through the Okhla Head (source: author)

Okhla to Jasola Proposed (source: author)

Lower Promenade to increase the interactivity and accessibility to the canal water (source:

author) 49

Storm water Drainage System

Layer analyzed for sponge proposal (source: author)

Proposed Storm water channel and sponges for Ground water recharge 50

Storm water drainage system These streets within the urban precinct have many problem and issues, but just to name a few starting with high hard scape percentage, encroached road by the shop owners, no segregation between the cars and pedestrian. The proposal is to make these pedestrian oriented by making them center space and just by demarcating and use of different material we can segregate both user typologies while these pedestrian can have softscapes in between.

In order to affix the idea the infrastructure required can be divide into three types. According to the typology of the structure we can approach is in the following ways. Three typologies are Roads, Open Spaces, and Buildings.

A good street would be designed in a way that would delay storm water and increase infiltration opportunities along street medians or edges, sidewalks, and curbside or intersections. Open Spaces

Bioswale Plan

Pervious pavement intersection

Storm-water Recharge Pits (source: author)

consist of interventions that create pond, wetlands, rain-gardens, or sunken plazas within green or urban public spaces. Buildings collect components like rainwater harvesting, green roofs, and detention tanks since they can be implemented atop or around buildings. Buildings can be modified by their respective owners or tenants with little to no government involvement.

The implementation of all Sponge Streets and Sponge Open Spaces on public lands require co-ordination between two or more departments within the urban local body and other government agencies.

Biovvbvswales Channel Bio Swales line is proposed across the Abul fazal already existing drainage system which is proposed to be converted in to two pipe system where black water is directly flowed to the Okhla WWTP which gray water and storm water is transported through Bio Swales.

Public Square Nine public square near intersection of Abdul Fazal to increase the public spaces in the residential colonies as it is tightly packed. These squares can be used as community space, for interacting as it is clearly lacking in the vicinity, though these are small spaces only 5 meters wide and up to 40 meters long at a time, together these nice squares are stretch over abul fazal running parallel to Agra canal. The last square is also proposed temporary vegetable market

Proposed Plan for Conversion of Abul fazal Nala into Bioswales and Public squares along the colony (source: author)

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Proposed Sections

Bio swale before and after section cutting through Abul Fazal (source: author)

Typical Storm Water Channel Section cutting through Shaheenbagh outer road (source: author)

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UP Irrigation Land

Proposed Plan Wetland Park (source: author)

View of proposed Wetland Park acting as a sponge for Rain water Harvesting in highly dense settlement (source: author)

Wetland Park The land is owned by UP irrigation department though not used currently and left as a barren land it holds the potential to be act as a sponge for high density colonies around the land. There is a proposal of storm water management and as this site lie on the lower elevation comparative storm water of the colonies can be directed towards this park reducing flash floods. Certain amount of water can be maintained for thus providing habitat for birds and aquatic animals. As it is connected with irrational canal channel it can connected with their water supply and the ponds can be regularly filled to recharge ground water.

Before and After of proposed Wetland Park (source: author) 53

Bird’s eye view of proposal (source: author)

Before and After along the Metro Dockyard after reducing the hight of the boundary and increasing visual connectivity (source: author) 54

Proposed View

View looking from metro Foot over bridge towards Shaheenbagh (source: author)

View looking from Metro foot over bridge towards Jasola Pulliya (source: author) 55

Before and After near Shaheenbagh Canal front (source: author)

Before and After near Jasola Intersection (source: author)

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Mohammad Rahman Hasan Thesis - Urban Regeneration (M.Arch) Jamia Millia Islamia ar.atrhasan@gmail.com

Dr. Nissar Khan - Thesis Guide Bibliography • Delhi Zonal Development Plan F • Delhi Zonal Development Plan O • Delhi Geospatial Ltd • Sewerage Master Plan For Delhi 2031 • Drainage Masterplan For Ntc Of Delhi • (Cpcb) River Yamuna - Wastewater Management Plan Delhi By • (Denis Millete) Drainage And Irrigation Management • (Shiilja Singh) Rejuvenation Of Water Area Case Of Aligarh City • (Shaily Nagpal )Storm Water Management Role In Urban Regeneration • (Shivani )Regeneration Of Riverine Ecosystem And Urban Water Services Of Gorakpur • (Misbahus Zehra) Regularization Of Unauthorized Colony • (Nitish Kumar),Generating Public Space Through Canal Front Development: Vijayawada City • (Vaishali Kapoor), Revitalization Of Mughal Canal, Karnal • (Samreen Sultan), Regeneration Of Okhla Wastewater Management Plan • (Mohd Danish), Urban Regeneration Of Shaheenbagh • Studio Ii, Group I, Recreational Dept. Idea Of Recreation, Agra Canal • (Djb)Yamuna Turnaround Plan • (Danny Cherian)Strategy And Framework For Delhi Beyond Commonwealth Games 2010 Books • Darrin Brunner, Urban Studies And Sprawl • Paolo Carlotti, Urban Morphlogy And Design • Wiley Graphic Standard, Planning And Urban Design Standards • Sabri Alper , Quantitative Analysis Of Urban Morphology: Exploring Ethnic Urban Formations And Structure In The City Of azmr • Phillippe Panerai, Urban Form: The Death And Life Of Urban Block • Vítor Oliveira, Urban Morphology An Introduction To The Study Of The Physical Form Of Cities

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