Public Open Spaces of Community development center

B. ARCH DISSERTATION REPORT

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar Community Center

Submitted By Apoorva Prakash B.Arch. IV Year 01426001618 Guided by Ar. Prasoon Gupta

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT BHAGWAN MAHAVEER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, JAGDISHPUR SONEPAT-131001 (INDIA)

GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY 2021-22

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled, “Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar Community Center”, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of “Bachelors of Architecture” in Architecture department, Bhagwan Mahaveer School of Architecture, Jagdishpur, under the guidance of Ar. Prasoon Gupta, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, is my original research work, and the information taken from secondary sources is given due to citations and references.

APOORVA PRAKASH (01426001618)

Date: 15/05/2022 Place: Jagdishpur, Sonepat (India)

CERTIFICATE

In the partial fulfillment of B. Arch. The degree program is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Prof. Raja C.P. Singh Professor/ Principal Department of Architecture Bhagwan Mahaveer School of Architecture, Jagdishpur

Ar. Prasoon Gupta Assistant Professor Department of Architecture Bhagwan Mahaveer School of Architecture, Jagdishpur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest gratitude from the core of my heart, to all the people who helped me with my journey. Without their help, the completion of this research would be impossible.

Firstly, I am highly in debited to Prof. Raja C.P. Singh - my principal Ar. Prasoon Gupta - my research guide for their continuous guidance, helpful comments, and tremendous support at every stage of work. Without their valuable inputs, the research would not have been able to reach its final form.

Secondly, I would like to thank my Parents & Siblings for their endless moral support and guidance. I would also like to thank my fellow batchmates Avantika Chauhan and Shreyash Gupta for their constant insights and helpful critiques through the different stages of work.

APOORVA PRAKASH (01426001618) Date: 15/05/2022

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

ABSTRACT

“Cultures and climate differ all over the world, but people are the same. They’ll gather in public if you give them a good place to do it” – Jan Gehl Public spaces have become a fundamental part of the lives of citizens around the world. From the neighborhood parks where we take our daily morning walks, to the footpaths and streets that surround our buildings, public spaces have become an important asset for enhanced interaction and well-being of the communities. Community centers as one such public space, often act as powerful magnets for attracting citizens from diverse sections of the society. These centers create a self-sufficient environment that fosters community interaction and helps strengthen community ties. However, this sense of interaction increases with the sense of openness in the space. The inclusion of adequate open spaces within the premises of the community centers increases the likelihood of health and well-being of the community.

The research presented is an attempt to understand the importance of public open spaces in community centers. With the comparative assessment of public open spaces of the Preet Vihar community center, the study aims to propose analytical interventions to overcome the possible shortcomings in the public open spaces of the community centers in East Delhi and thus, resurge the lost identity of these spaces.

Keywords: Community Centers; Public Open Space; Community well-being; Landscape; Sociability; Sense of Place

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

TABLE OF CONTENT

List of figures………………………………………………………………………………..01 List of tables…………………………………………………………………………………02 CHAPTER 1: SYNOPSIS 1.1 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………..03 1.2 Aim………………………………………………………………………………………04 1.3 Objective…………………………………………………………………………………05 1.4 Need of the project……………………………………………………………………….06 1.5 Scope……………………………………………………………………………………..07 1.6 Limitation………………………………………………………………………………..08

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE STUDY 2.1 Introduction to Public Open Space……………………………………………………….08.

2.2 Concept of Public Open Space…………………………………………………………...09 2.3 Types of public spaces……………………………………………………………………10 2.4 Types of public open space……………………………………………………………….11 2.5 Benefits of Public open space……………………………………………………………..12 2.6 Public open space indicator……………………………………………………………….13 2.7 Assessment of Public open space…………………………………………………………14

CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY 3.1 Saket Community Center, New delhi…………………………………………………….15 3.2 Preet Vihar community center, New Delhi………………………………………………..16 3.3 New Friends Colony Community Center, New Delhi…………………………………….17

CHAPTER 4: SURVEY ANALYSIS 4.1 Aim and objective of survey……………………………………………………………..18 4.2 Outcome of the survey…..……………………………………………………………….19

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

4.3 Inferences of the survey………………………………………………………………….20

CHAPTER 5: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 5.1 Introduction to the aspects of comparison………………………………………………...21 5.2 Conclusive analysis……………………………………………………………………….22

CHAPTER 6: ANALYTICAL INTERVENTIONS OF THE PUBLIC OPEN SPACES OF COMMUNITY CENTERS 6.1 Inferences from literature study…………………………………………………………..23 6.2 Inferences from case studies……………………………………………………………...24 6.3 Analytical interventions or proposals……………………………………………………..25 6.4 Proposal justification……………………………………………………………………..26 6.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..27

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………...75

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1- News clippings of articles related to community centers in Delhi………………..04 Figure 2- Public spaces enhance environment stability……………………………………..10 Figure 3- Ibirapuera, Sao Paulo, Brazil……………………………………………………...10 Figure 4- Public spaces increase transport efficiency……………………………………….11 Figure 5- Well-designed streets and public spaces encourage walking and cycling……......12 Figure 6- Different activities induced with different public spaces increase activity and enhance safety………………………………………………………………………………..13 Figure 7: Old town in Medellin……………………………………………………………...14 Figure 8: Jan Gehl’s criteria for public open space………………………………………….14 Figure 9: Aspects of Public Open Space…………………………………………………….15 Figure 10: Attributes of public space………………………………………………………..18 Figure 11: Requirement of community centers………………………………………………22 Figure 12: Population density of Delhi………………………………………………………22 Figure 13: Saket Community Center…………………………………………………………23 Figure 14: Location and connectivity of the Saket Community Center……………………..25 Figure 15: Land-use of the area…………………………………………………………...…25 Figure 16: Area distribution………………………………………………………………….26 Figure 17: Ground floor plan of Saket………………………………………………………..27 Figure 18: Movement and circulation………………………………………………………..27 Figure 19: Open built ratio for the site with figure-ground map and the percentage distribution chart…………………………………………………………………………………………..28 Figure 20: Public-open space distribution………………………………………………...…28 Figure 21: Public-open space amenities……………………………………………………..29 Figure 22: cleanliness and maintenance……………………………………………………..29 Figure 23: Activity mapping of Saket community center………………...…………………30 Figure 24: Activities graph of Saket community center…………………...………………..31 Figure 25: Site of Preet vihar community center..……………………………………………32 Figure 26: Connectivity of the site………………………………………………………......33 1|Page

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Figure 27: Land-use of the area……………………………………………………..………34 Figure 28: Site plan and circulation……………………………………………………...….34 Figure 29: Area distribution…………………………………………………………………35 Figure 30: Open-built relationship…………………………………………………………..35 Figure 31: Public open space distribution…………………………………………………...36 Figure 32: Circulation and parking………………………………………………………….37 Figure 33: Cleanliness and maintenance…………………………………………………….37 Figure 34: Activity mapping of Preet vihar community center……...……………………...38 Figure 35: Activity graph of Preet vihar community center......……………………………..39 Figure 36: New friends colony community center…………………………………………..40 Figure 37: New friends colony community center location…………………………………41 Figure 38: Land use of site…………………………………………………………………..41 Figure 39: Site of nfc center……………………………………………………………...….41 Figure 40: Entry points……………………...……………………………………………….42 Figure 41: Circulation pattern…………………...…………………………………………..42 Figure 42: Area distribution…………………...…………………………………………….43 Figure 43: Figure-ground map……………………………………...……………………….44 Figure 44: Open built relationship…………………………………………………………...44 Figure 45: Public open space distribution………………………………………………...…44 Figure 46: Public open space amenities…………………………………………………......45 Figure 47: Cleanliness and maintenance………………………………………………...…..45 Figure 48: Activity mapping…………………………………………………………...……46 Figure 49: Activity graph for NFC center..…………………………………………...……..47 Figure 50: Attributes of public open space………………………………………………….60 Figure 51: Population density……………………………………………………………….61 Figure 52: UNO habitat and WHO guidelines on public open space……………………….64 Figure 53: Plaza for community center……………………………………………………...65 Figure 54: Weekly night market provision………………………………………………….66 Figure 55: Pedestrian walkability……………………………………………………………67 Figure 56: Public open space alignment…………………………………………………….68

2|Page

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Public Space Indicators……………………………………………………...……...13 Table 2: Happiness Index……………………………………………………………….……21

3|Page

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

CHAPTER 1. SYNOPSIS

1.1 AIM The research aims to comprehend measures for improving the lost public open spaces in the community centers of East Delhi with a focus on Preet Vihar Community Center and study how these public open spaces can be resurged as interactive community spaces.

1.2 OBJECTIVE a. To identify the different Public Open Spaces and the varying characteristics associated with such spaces that contribute towards enhanced community living. b. To explore the role of Public Open spaces in developing a sense of community interaction within the community centers. c. To assess the Public Open Spaces of the Preet Vihar community center in East Delhi, based on certain relevant parameters as defined by various organizations. d. To draw out a comparative analysis of the Preet Vihar community center with other prominent case examples of Delhi and analyze the present scenario of these centers. e. To evaluate the impact of the Public Open Spaces on the visitors of the community centers. f. Identify different measures to overcome the possible shortcomings and revive the Public Open Spaces’ lost identity in the community centers of East Delhi.

1.3 SCOPE a. To provide accessible and useful public open spaces to the visitors of the community centers. b. To develop and re-vitalize the open spaces by developing pedestrian realm c. To develop enhanced community interaction and bonds in the society.

4 | Synopsis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

1.4 LIMITATION a. The study is limited to analyzing the relation and functional linkage of the Public Open Spaces with the community centers. b. The study does not cover the entire planning and design of the community centers. c. The economical aspect of improving the quality of open spaces in community centers is also not covered in this study. d. The study has been limited to developing interventions for the open spaces of community centers in East Delhi.

1.5 NEED FOR THE PROJECT •

Despite the importance of public open spaces in the development and desirability of the community, these spaces are often poorly integrated or not well-maintained in the cities. Modern-day rapid advancements have eventually contributed to densely populated cities in which people lack access to equitable and interactive open spaces.

Figure 1- News clippings of articles related to public open spaces in Delhi

5 | Synopsis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

•

•

•

Community centers being a social hub, becomes important to be integrated within our developing cities. Further, for an improved sense of interaction, the public open spaces within the centers should also be efficiently maintained.

However, with East Delhi having a total population of 17,07,725 as per the 2011 census, has a total of 13 community centers on demand of 17 centers as per the guidelines stated in URDPFI. Hence to address the arduous lack of community Centers in East Delhi, it becomes important to first study the present conditions of the community centers in East Delhi and assess the public open spaces of these centers to strike a cordial balance between the aspirations of the community and the environment that is best suited to their needs.

6 | Synopsis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

METHODOLOGY

7 | Synopsis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2. LITERATURE STUDY 2.1 Introduction to Public Spaces Public spaces contribute to defining the cultural, social, economic, and political functions of cities. They continue to be the first element to mark the status of a place from a chaotic and unplanned settlement to a well-established town or city.1 Public spaces are the living rooms, gardens, and corridors of urban areas. These spaces provide areas for social interaction and economic activities, which improves the development and desirability of a community. Everyone in the world irrespective of age, background, or status invariably uses public spaces. It is, then, astounding that for many years these spaces have been taken for granted and very little attention has been directed towards their quality. 2 Despite its importance in promoting sustainable urban development, public space has not been given the attention it deserves in literature and, more importantly, in the global policy arena.3 Over the years, alongside technological advancements, these public spaces lost their meaning of being meetings and marketplaces. Technological advancements enabled people to communicate without having an actual physical place to meet and pedestrian pathways were constantly being replaced by vast stretches of roads for vehicles. Public space as a marketplace also underwent dramatic changes where trading from open booths was moved to shops and ultimately to giant enclosed enclaves of malls.

However, in recent years, the attitude towards public space has gradually changed rediscovering its importance as an integral part of the urban identity of cities. Few cities, especially European cities like Copenhagen and Barcelona have successful urban regeneration strategies that act as catalysts in encouraging other cities across the world to rethink and reinvest in the quality of their public spaces. This unprecedented increase in the interest in public spaces is a stepping stone toward improving the quality of the public life of people.4

2.2 Definition of Public Spaces A useful working definition and description of public space is the one adopted by the Charter of Public Space as specified in the Global Public Space Toolkit by UNO-Habitat 2016: ‘Public spaces are all places publicly owned or of public use, accessible and enjoyable by all for free and without a profit motive. Public spaces are a key element of individual and social well-being, the places of a community’s collective life, expressions of the diversity of their common, natural and cultural richness, and a foundation of their identity. The community recognizes itself in its public places and pursues the improvement of its spatial quality.5

1

UNO-Habitat (2016), Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice, pp. 6 Charita Kishore Rupa(2015), Importance Of Public Spaces In Cities, Architectural Association School Of Architecture, pp. 3 3 Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 8 4 Charita Kishore Rupa (n2) 4 5 Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) annexure 1 2

8 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.3 Types of Public Spaces Public spaces contribute to defining the cultural, social, economic, and political functions of cities. They continue to be the first element to mark the status of a place from a chaotic and unplanned settlement to a well-established town or city. 6 As per the global public space toolkit of UNO, considering the diversity and the complexity in nature of different public spaces, these have been classified firstly into two broad zones: 1. The physical category of public spaces 2. The non-physical category of public spaces The physical category of Public space: The physical category of Public spaces has three different types which are namely: 1. Street As Public Space: The first category includes the public spaces that are, thanks to their versatility, often used most intensely in our daily lives. They are: • • • • •

streets, avenues, and boulevards Squares and plazas Pavements Passages and galleries Bicycle paths

These are public spaces in the fullest sense of the word because they are publicly owned and maintained, accessible and enjoyable by all without charge and at all hours, day and night. Public spaces in this category are also the most versatile in terms of public enjoyment: they can host open-air markets, performances, events, political rallies, demonstrations, and informal sector activities. They also allow for an essential urban function – mobility. Thus, they can be defined as multi-use public spaces.

2. Public Open Space: A second category comprises open public spaces – the urban features that instinctively come to mind when we think of public spaces and that we also use daily. They include: • • • • •

6

Parks Gardens Playgrounds Public beaches Riverbanks and waterfronts

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 4

9 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

These spaces are also available to all without charge and are normally publicly owned and maintained. In many cases, however, they are accessible during daylight hours only.

3. Public Urban Facilities: The third category of conventional public spaces comprises high maintenance public facilities that are publicly owned and maintained and are accessible to users without any charge, such as: • • • •

Public libraries Civic/community centers Municipal markets Public sports facilities

In many cases, these facilities are only accessible during daylight hours or operating hours.

The non-physical category of public spaces includes: The non-physical category of Public spaces has three different types which are namely: 1. The ‘Space of the Public’: The first one is public space as the space of the public. Here, the term ‘public’ is not intended to refer to ‘the general public’ but, rather, to the public sector realm. In this sense, the commons are not simply goods and places but also the social pact by which citizens delegate authority, contribute resources for the common good and entrust their management to locally-elected officials. Whenever this social pact is broken or compromised, this particular public space is threatened as is democracy itself.

2. The City itself: The second category is the city as a public space. This holistic view is important because it supports a comprehensive approach to public space and the idea of the city as a public good.

This view is also germane to the arguments in favor of ‘the right to the city, where the city is viewed as the arena and expression of a physical and symbolic space devoted to all, shared by all, and entrusted to all.

3. Cyberspace: The third ‘non-physical category’ of public space in cyberspace. Public space has always been the locus of encounter, interaction, and communication. Cyberspace, through the internet and social networks, offers new opportunities for virtual encounters and interactions that can lead to the multiplication of ‘real’ interactions in ‘real’ space. It is argued, for example, that political engagement, the fundamental basis of democracy, is greatly enhanced by the use of web-related technology. On the other hand, there is a risk that cyber communication may replace, or at least limit, physical interaction.7

7

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 5

10 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.4 Types of Public Open spaces As per the UNO guidelines, the public open spaces depending upon the area covered and activities induced can be categorized as follows: Public open spaces can be categorized into four broad levels, based on their sizes and catchment (how far a user might travel to visit them)8; 1. Local/pocket open public spaces – These are small parklets that service the recreation needs of the immediate residential population within a walking distance of 400meters (5 minutes walk). Their average areas range from 0.03 to 0.04hectares and are often used for recreation purposes. In some places, these may include small areas of natural space.

2. Neighbourhood public open spaces – these are larger spaces that serve the recreational and social needs of a community. Their areas range from 0.04 and 0.4hectares, and can easily be accessed within 400meters walking distance from households. They can accommodate a variety of activities, such as recreation, sporting, and natural features conservation.

3. District/city open spaces or city open spaces – these spaces are mainly designed to provide for organized formal sport. They include substantial recreation areas and some nature spaces. They serve several neighborhoods with players and visitors traveling from surrounding districts. The size of the spaces ranges from 0.4 to 10 hectares and are designed to serve populations within 800 meters or 10-minute walking distance 4. Regional open space/Larger city parks – these are substantial facilities for organized sport, play, social interaction, relaxation, and enjoyment of nature. They serve one or more geographical or social regions and are likely to attract visitors from outside any one local government area. Their areas range between 10 and 50 hectares.

5. National/metropolitan open public spaces – these are large spaces whose areas range from 50 and 200 hectares. They support concurrent uses and contain such services as recreational, sporting, and basic amenities.

8

UN-Habitat (2018). SDG Indicator 11.7.1 Training Module: Public Space. United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UNHabitat), Nairobi

11 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.4 Benefits of Public Open Space Public spaces offer a wide range of benefits and advantages that contributes to the overall development of the city along with the development of the physical and mental well-being of the citizen. Some of the ranging advantages of the public spaces include9: 1. Public spaces are a producer of environmental stability: The negative consequences of excessive paved surfaces in cities are well known. Parks, gardens, and playgrounds, particularly when well distributed in an urban area, are essential antidotes to this problem and open and green spaces perform vital ecological functions. A well-planned city-wide public space system can create green networks to regenerate ecological systems and restore environmental connectivity (wildlife, sanctuaries, and watercourses) and support biodiversity in urban areas. This can, in turn, create ample benefits for the citizenry at large and attract visitors. The role that public spaces can play in the provision of ecological services is extremely important in the mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change. As an ideal reflection of the same, the Ibirapuera Sao Paulo in Brazil can be considered, Located in the heart of Sao Paulo, Ibirapuera is the center of the city’s cultural life. The park was designed by landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx and modernist Oscar Niemeyer. First opened to the public in 1954 to celebrate the city’s 400th anniversary, it’s now the city’s most famous attraction.

Covering a total of two square kilometers, Ibirapuera features a beautiful landscape of fountains, lakes, and monuments. It also contains a series of museums, the Japanese Pavilion, and the renowned Bienal – the venue for São Paulo Fashion Week. During the weekends, visitors can also enjoy live music shows in the park’s many performance spaces.

The presence of a resplendent space in the city has improved the living conditions of the people.10

Figure 2: public spaces enhance environment stability; Source: European Environment agency

9

Figure 3: Ibirapuera, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Source: Onthegotrus.Com

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 17

ON THE GO TOURS (2018) 10 of the World’s Best City Parks. [WWW] Available from: https://www.onthegotours.com/blog/2018/03/worlds-best-city parks/#:~:text=Located%20in%20the%20heart%20of,Marx%20and%20modernist%20Oscar%20Niemeyer.

[Accessed : 03-05-2022] 10

12 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2. Public space increases transport efficiency: Public space can reduce congestion, travel time, and road accidents by designing and managing appropriate and distinct transport modes and prioritizing routes for walking and cycling. One of the fundamental functions of public space is that it allows people to move around and to gain access to areas on foot, by bicycle, by car, motorbike, or public transport.

A key objective of urban design and management is, therefore, to reconcile the needs of these often conflicting modes of transport. Well-designed streets and public spaces encourage walking and cycling and have the power to create a safe environment by reducing vehicle speeds and use.11

Figure 4: public spaces increase transport efficiency; Source: Intelligent transport

Figure5: Well-designed streets and public spaces encourage walking and cycling, London, UK; Source: Global Public space toolkit; UNO-Habitat

3. Public space improves public health: Quality public spaces improve people’s health by providing opportunities for physical activity and play, making walking more attractive, reducing stress, and providing a calming environment. Access to a good-quality, well-maintained network of public spaces can help to improve physical and mental health by encouraging people to walk more, play, or simply enjoy the environment. In other words, open spaces are powerful weapons in the fight against many forms of ill-health.

11

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 18

13 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

4. Public Space Enhances Safety: A mixed and diverse public space provides a place that is vibrant and busy and automatically reduces insecurity. Fear of crime, and to a lesser extent, the crime itself can deter people, not just vulnerable groups, from using good-quality public spaces. Children, youth, and the elderly, for example, are often prevented from using parks, squares, and streets because of fear of crime and violence. In addition, women often face particular concerns and, due to fear of crime and violence, are often restricted when it comes to entering public spaces in some areas. Physical changes to, and the better management of, public space can help to allay these fears. In particular, public space can reduce perceptions of insecurity by attracting a large cross-section of people at all times of the day. 12

Figure 6: different activities induced with different public spaces increase activity and enhance safety; Source: imgbin.com

12

Figure 7: old town in Medellin; Source: PPS.org

Ibid 19

14 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.5 Public Space Indicators The diversity in the quality and the type of Public space available leads to a wide range of different factors that constantly affects the supply, quality, and distribution of these public open spaces across the cities. Some of the prevailing factors that indicate the conditions of the public spaces are:13

13

Table 1: Public Space Indicators; Source: UNO-Habitat global public space tool kit 2016 Ibid 38

15 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.6 Assessment of Public Open Spaces: 2.6.1 Criteria for ideal Public open spaces by Jan Gehl’s Cities for people: Jan Gehl has developed criteria for assessing public space qualities in cities. The criteria are divided into three groups: protection, comfort, and enjoyment. Protection focuses on how to minimize unpleasant experiences. Comfort deals with the quality of walking and staying in a place. Enjoyment covers the human scale, enjoying the positive aspect of the climate and the sensory experience of the place.14

Figure 8: Jan Gehl’s criteria for public open space; Source: Author

14

Jan Gehl (2010), Cities for People. Washington, London: Island Press

16 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.6.2 Criteria for ideal Public open spaces by The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) Space Shapers Guide: Measuring quality means involving a variety of interested people to define how well a space works. Through this process, you can learn about the requirements of different groups of people to understand if their needs are being met. It will identify both good and bad characteristics and stimulate new ideas for improvements and how they could be managed.

For better analysis of the public open spaces, the CABE has devised 8 major defining aspects of public open spaces namely:15 • • • • • • • •

Access: finding your way and getting about Use: what activities and opportunities the space has to offer Other people: how the space caters to different needs Maintenance: how clean and cared for the space is Environment: how safe and comfortable the space is Design and appearance: what the space looks like and what it’s made from Community: how important the space is to local people You: how the space makes you feel

Figure 9: Aspects of Public Open Space; Source: Author

15

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (2007). London: Draught Associates, pp 20

17 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.6.3 UNO-Habitat Guidelines for Public Open Spaces In evaluating thousands of public spaces around the world, the Project for Public Spaces found that successful ones have four key qualities: they are accessible; people are engaged in activities; the space is comfortable and has a good image; and it is a sociable place, one where people meet each other and take people when they come to visit. Public Open Spaces share the following four qualities: they are accessible; people are engaged in activities there; the space is comfortable and has a good image; and finally, it is a sociable place: one where people meet each other and take people when they come to visit. Therefore the four different aspects for analyzing public open spaces are:16 1. Access and Linkage Accessibility of a place is measured by its connections to its surroundings, both visual and physical. A successful public space is easy to get to and get through; it is visible from a distance and close. The edges of a space are important as well: for instance, a row of shops along a street is more interesting and generally safer to walk by than a blank wall or empty lot. Accessible spaces have a high parking turnover and, ideally, are convenient to public transit.

2. Comfort and Image Whether a space is comfortable and presents itself well - has a good image - is key to its success. Comfort includes perceptions about safety, cleanliness, and the availability of places to sit - the importance of giving people the choice to sit where they want is generally underestimated.

3. Uses and Activities Activities are the basic building blocks of a place. Having something to do gives people a reason to come to a place - and return. When there is nothing to do, a space will be empty, and that generally means that something is wrong.

4. Sociability This is a difficult quality for a place to achieve, but once attained it becomes an unmistakable feature. When people see friends, meet and greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with strangers, they tend to feel a stronger sense of place or attachment to their community - and to the place that fosters these types of social activities.

16

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 133

18 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Figure 10: Attributes of public space; Source: Archdaily

2.5 Role of Community Centers Community Centres have played a significant role in the life of many local communities and networks, as they are not only limited to recreational activities but act as magnets attracting citizens from different sections of society. Community centers are incredibly important for a healthy, vibrant community. These community or wellness centers provide opportunities for residents to be active and interact with other residents. They are common ground areas that are focused on inclusivity while fostering a culture of health and wellbeing in the communities they serve.17 A community center’s main purpose should be to provide opportunities for active living and recreation in a safe, inclusive environment. By creating a positive atmosphere, these facilities become essential to personal health and wellness, thereby reducing reliance on healthcare and other costly social services. This in turn boosts the local economy and can also help contribute to overall economic development.

17

Jones, M., Kimberlee, R., Deave, T., & Evans, S. (2013). The role of community centre-based arts, leisure and social activities in promoting adult well-being and healthy lifestyles. International journal of environmental research and public health, 10(5), 1948–1962.

19 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

The social bonds that are created at community centers help build strong, safe, and inclusive communities; social interaction, volunteerism, civic pride, and aesthetics all play a role.

After-school programs can help deter at-risk youth from criminal activities and can provide a constructive environment. These spaces are meant for all ages, ethnicities, and skill levels and should promote cultural diversity and inclusion.

2.7 Quality of Urban Life in cities through Public Open Spaces As per the UNO-Habitat (2016), Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice, the Quality of urban life is essential for cities to prosper. Cities that improve the quality of life for their citizens experience higher levels of prosperity; they are also likely to find themselves more advanced in terms of sustainability. Such cities strive toward social equity by increasing access to the urban commons and public goods, preventing private appropriation, and expanding the scope for improved quality of life for all. Cities that have a strong notion of the ‘public’ demonstrate a commitment to an improved quality of life for their citizens by providing adequate street space, green areas, parks, recreation facilities, and other public spaces. Public spaces are a vital ingredient of successful cities. They help build a sense of community, civic identity, and culture. Public spaces facilitate social capital, economic development, and community revitalization.

Having access to public spaces does not only improve the quality of life but is also the first step toward civic empowerment and greater access to institutional and political spaces. The liveliness and continuous use of public space as a public good lead to urban environments that are well maintained, healthy and safe, making the city an attractive place in which to live and work.18

2.7.1 Happiness Index The Happiness Index is a tool for the use of researchers, community organizers, and policymakers seeking to understand and enhance individual happiness, community wellbeing, social justice, economic equality, and environmental sustainability. The index was formed with the intent to promote social change by making the survey instrument and data freely available to community organizers, educators, researchers, students, organizations, government, and more. The index is unique in that it is the only widely comprehensive index available for free online that survey takers to access their scores in comparison to the entire data set, while also allowing users to customize the tool for a target population, add their questions to the survey instrument, and readily access data for their sample as well as comparison data to the entire data set.19 The qualities measured in the domains are as follows:

18

19

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (n1) 136 UNO-Habitat(2020) World Happiness Report, pp 3

20 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

•

Psychological Well-Being: optimism, sense of purpose, and accomplishment;

•

Health: energy level and ability to perform everyday activities;

•

Time Balance: enjoyment, feeling rushed, and sense of leisure;

•

Community: a sense of belonging, volunteerism, and sense of safety;

•

Social Support: satisfaction with friends and family, feeling loved, and feeling lonely;

•

Education, Arts, and Culture: access to cultural and educational events and diversity;

•

Environment: access to nature, pollution, and conservation;

•

Governance: trust in government, sense of corruption, and competency;

•

Material Well-Being: financial security and meeting basic needs; and

•

Work: compensation, autonomy, and productivity

2.7.2 Happiness Index of India As per the UNO, world happiness report 2020, Finland is the happiest country in the world with a total happiness score of 7.8 and India stood at the 136th position with a total score of just 3.77. The happiness score of any specific country greatly depends on the sense of community and social support provided.20 As per the world happiness report, communities with high levels of trust are generally much more resilient in the face of a wide range of crises, including tsunamis, earthquakes, accidents, storms, and floods. Trust and cooperative social norms facilitate rapid and cooperative responses, which themselves improve the happiness of citizens and demonstrate to people the extent to which others are prepared to do benevolent acts for them and the community in general.

Given below is the happiness index score table for different cities in India. The table highlights that the capital city of the country stands in 23rd position.

20

State/union territory

Happiness ranking

Happiness score

Mizoram

1

3.57

Punjab

2

3.52

Andaman and Nicobar

3

3.47

Puducherry

4

3.44

Sikkim

5

3.43

Ibid 23

21 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Gujarat

6

3.42

Arunachal Pradesh

7

3.41

Lakshwadeep

8

3.41

Telangana

9

3.41

Uttar Pradesh

10

3.41

Andhra Pradesh

11

3.4

Maharashtra

12

3.4

Tripura

13

3.39

Kerala

14

3.38

Jharkhand

15

3.37

Karnataka

16

3.37

Haryana

17

3.36

Ladakh

18

3.36

Manipur

19

3.36

West Bengal

20

3.36

Himachal Pradesh

21

3.35

Assam

22

3.34

Delhi

23

3.34

Chandigarh

24

3.32

Bihar

25

3.31

Daman and Diu

26

3.3

Jammu and Kashmir

27

3.3

Madhya Pradesh

28

3.3

Tamil Nadu

29

3.29

Nagaland

30

3.27

Rajasthan

31

3.26

Goa

32

3.25

Meghalaya

33

3.25

Odisha

34

3.25

Uttrakhand

35

3.22

Table 2: Happiness Index; Source: Nationalheraldindia

22 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

2.6 Requirement of Community Centers As per the Delhi Development Authority(DDA) byelaws, the requirement of community centers is as follows:

Figure 11: Requirement of community centers; Source: Masterplan Delhi

2.7 Case of East Delhi As per the 2011 census of India, east and northeast Delhi marks the highest population density, however, despite the high population statistics, the region lacks the required number of community centers as specified in the Delhi Byelaws.

Figure 12: Population density of Delhi; Source: Springer Nature journal 2019,Assessment of public open spaces (POS) and landscape quality based on per capita POS index in Delhi, India

• • • •

Area of East Delhi: 64 sq km Population of East Delhi: 1,709,346 (2011 census) The estimated projected population of East Delhi by 2041: 28,00,000 Total no. of presently available Community Centers in East Delhi: 13 23 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

• •

Total no. of required Community Centers in East Delhi (2011) as per URDPFI: 17 Required community centers by 2041: 28

Inferences: Thus with the total demand of 17 community centers, East Delhi lacks 4 community centers, and there develops a dire need to provide this area with the desirable number of community centers. However, to do so, developing a clear understanding of the current scenario of the community centers is necessary. Further, as per the Uno-Habitat and WHO happiness index report, it has been clearly stated that successful cities give its people access to successful public spaces, and thus, developing the open public spaces of the city of Delhi is important in order to improve the happiness index of the capital city and provide its citizens ample space to spent their leisure time. Therefore, there is a clear need of studying about the public open spaces of the community centers and analyze the present scenario.

24 | Literature Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3. CASE STUDY 3.1 SAKET COMMUNITY CENTER, NEW DELHI Project Information: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Location: Saket, South-Delhi Site area: 25,000 sqm Built-up Area: 15,000 sqm Permissible FAR: 100 Achieved FAR: 55 Ground Coverage: 55% No. of visitors: 450-500 visitors per day

3.1.1 Introduction: Saket community center is also known as the Anupam complex. It is located in the residential locality of Saket. It was designed by DDA in 1984. Originally, it had the Anupam cinema, offices, and retail. In 1997, the cinema was converted into India's first multiplex and renamed PVR Anupam. Since then a lot of informal shops and markets have come up which further increase and make the center lively throughout the day.

Figure 13: Saket Community Center; source: issuu.com

25 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.1.2 Location and Connectivity: Saket Community center lies in between two major surpassing roads i.e. the MehrauliBadarpur road and the Press-Enclave road. The immediate roads through which the plot can be accessed include Saket road and Pramod Mahajan road. The two major metro stations, i.e. the Malviya Nagar metro station and the Saket metro station, are located at a distance of 600 and 700 m, respectively.

Figure 14: Location and connectivity of the Saket Community Center ; Source: Author

3.1.3 Land-use of the Immediate context: The land use of the immediate context of the site has been shown through the below graphic, from which it can be analyzed that the site is mostly surrounded by residential areas, followed by a few patches devoted to mixed-use, commercial, and public-semi public areas.

Figure 15: Land use of the area; Source: Author

26 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.1.4 Area Distribution: Saket Community Center consists of different areas which include multiplex, food courts, restaurants, retail shops, offices, an open-air theatre, and a police post.

The distribution of areas in the community center is as follows: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Total Built-up area: 10,000 sq m Area of the Multiplex: 2250 sq m Area of restaurant and food court: 900 sq m Area of offices: 1150 sq m Area of shops: 9000 sq m Area of community facilities: 1200 sq m

Figure 16: Area distribution; Source: Author

3.1.5 Ground floor plan The ground floor of the Saket Community Center consists of various facilities that are present in there and that including an area dedicated to the Multiplex, followed by a designated spot for the food court that offers access to different cuisines and then there happen to be designated spots for two and four wheeler parking along with four specific drop-off points. The realm of the entire area is also further enhanced with the presence of an open-air theatre and restaurant. There is an entire commercial complex that has spaces for offices and various retail outlets. There is yet another area devoted to the police post.

The commercial complex with areas for shops and offices rises to three more floors with a total height level of G+3. The lower two floors are reserved for shops and the remaining two upper floors are reserved for offices. The multiplex is also a two-story building.

27 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Figure 17: Ground floor plan of Saket community center; Source: author

3.1.6 Movement and circulation The movement and circulation around the site have been shown with the graphic added below. The vehicular movement in and around the site has been marked with red color.

Whereas, the pedestrian movement has been shown in yellow color. The graphic clearly depicts that vehicular movement has been kept restricted to the periphery of the site and the pedestrian circulation is through the passages and alleys between the different blocks present in the community center.

Figure 18: Movement and circulation; Source: Author

28 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.1.7 Open- Built Relationship Open-built relationship for the site has been highlighted here with the graphic given below where the open built-up area for the Saket community center is as follows: Plot area: 25,000 sq m Built-up area: 10,000 sq m (40% of P.A.) Open Area: 15,000 sq m (60% of P.A)

Figure 19: Open built ratio for the site with figure ground map and the percentage distribution chart; Source: Author

3.1.8 Public Open Space distribution The three different patches of public open spaces that have been provided at the Saket Community Center have been marked below. The provided facilities in each of these patches have also been highlighted below.

Figure 20: Public open space distribution; Source: Author

29 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.1.9 Public Open Space Amenities The public open space amenities available at the open spaces of the community center have been highlighted below:

Figure 21: Public open space amenities; Source: Author

3.1.10 Cleanliness and maintenance The cleanliness and maintenance of the area have been measured on the basis of the availability of toilets, the presence of open dumps and drains on the site, and the presence of areas choked with water causing unpleasant and unhygienic experiences faced by the visitors.

Figure 22: cleanliness and maintenance; Source: Author

30 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.1.11 Activity Analysis The activity mapping of the community center has been done on the basis of the site visits and therefore three different time zones have been developed that includes: 1. 12 pm – 4 pm 2. 5 pm- 8 pm 3. 9 pm- 12 am

Figure 23: Activity mapping of Saket community center; Source: Author

The following image highlights the activity analysis at different times of the day. It can be clearly seen that the center faces its highest footfall during the evening hours i.e. from 5 pm- 8 pm and the least activity is after 8 pm.

31 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.1.12 Uses and activities The different activities that are undertaken by the visitors of the community center were observed during the site visit and thus the graph provided below clearly highlights that entertainment activity that including the cinema hall and the restaurants or cafes mostly attract the visitors of the Saket Community center.

Figure 24: activities graph of Saket community center; Source: Author

3.1.13 Inferences Inferences drawn from the above study are: i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

Saket Community center assuredly experiences location advantage, as it has extensive connectivity with two major metro stations in its very close proximity i.e. the Malviya Nagar metro station and the Saket metro station. Further, all the other IPT modes such as auto-rickshaw, E-rickshaw, or taxi, are available in the area.

Secondly walkability factor for the pedestrian has been enhanced here with the presence of sidewalks all along the periphery of the community center. Further, the vehicular movement has been kept separated from the pedestrian circulation, thereby enhancing the pedestrian experience as well as their safety.

The community center, has very well managed to meet up with the demands and requirements of the visitors as the graph shows, that a great share of the visitors at the center visits the place just to enjoy their time and communicate with one another, thereby enhancing community interaction.

It is certainly because of the good share of public open space amenities that are available at the center which attracts the visitors and thereby makes this center as an appropriate example of a community center where people are actually using it for community facilities rather than just for commercial and work purposes.

32 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2 PREET VIHAR COMMUNITY CENTER, NEW DELHI 3.2.1 Project Information: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Location: Preet Vihar, East-Delhi Site area: 37,000 sqm Built-up Area: 20,000 sqm Ground Coverage: 45% No of visitors: 300-400 visitors per day

3.2.2 Site Vikas Marg in Preet Vihar is the most congested stretch within the precinct experiencing a high traffic volume. Of late, the corridor and neighbourhood edges have been further compromised by surface parking by shop owners. New vendors encroaching on to the road have also constrained the traffic flow.

Figure 25: Site of Preet Vihar Community Center; Source: DUAC.org

Preet Vihar Community Centre seen from Vikas Marg

Preet Vihar Metro Station Gate No. 2

Preet Vihar Community Centre seen from Acharya Nag Raj Marg

33 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

The Preet Vihar Station and the adjoining commercial complex

Growing Commercial Area around the Metro Station

3.2.3 Connectivity Vikas Marg is the major road passing through the Preet Vihar Community Centre. The connectivity in the east is via Karkardooma Flyover which links the zone to Noida. On the West, ITO junction connects the site via Laxmi Nagar District Centre. A network of roads and MRTS provides good connectivity to access other destinations.

Figure 26: Connectivity of the stite; Source: DUAC. org

34 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2.5 Land-use of the area The land-use of the area has been shown below where one can easily analyze the entire precinct of the site is dominated by residential areas, followed by a few patches devoted to commercial and public and semi-public facilities.

Figure 27: Land-use of the area; Source: DDA

3.2.6 Site plan and Circulation Network

Figure 28: Site plan and circulation; Source: DUAC.org

35 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2.7 Area Distribution Preet Community Center consists of different areas which include food courts, restaurants, retail shops, offices, a community hall, and a public plaza.

The distribution of areas in the community center is as follows: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Total Built-up area: 15,000 sq m Area for office spaces: 4,200 sq m Area for retail shops: 5,400 sq m Area for entertainment spaces (kiosks, restaurants, food courts): 1,800 sq m Area for community spaces: 3,600 sq m

Figure 29: area distribution; Source: Author

3.2.8 Open-built relationship The open-built relationship is depicted through the figure ground map provided below.

Total plot area: 35,000 sq m Total built-up area: 15,000 sq m Total open space on the site: 20,000 sq m

Figure 30: open-built relationship; Source: Author

36 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2.9 Public Open space distribution The three different patches of public open spaces that have been provided at the Preet Vihar Community Center have been marked below. The provided facilities in each of these patches have also been highlighted below.

Figure 31: Public open space distribution; Source: Author

3.2.10 Public Open Space Amenities The public open space amenities available at the open spaces of the community center have been highlighted below:

Figure 32: Public open space Amenities; Source: Author

37 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2.11 Circulation and parking The site has several areas devoted to surface parking, yet several roads face encroachment due to illegal parking. The vehicular and pedestrian movement of the site has not been segregated.

Figure 33: Circulation and parking; Source: Author

3.2.12 Cleanliness and maintenance The cleanliness and maintenance of the area have been measured on the basis of the availability of toilets, the presence of open dumps and drains on the site, and the presence of areas choked with water causing unpleasant and unhygienic experiences faced by the visitors.

Figure 34: Cleanliness and maintenance; Source: Author

38 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2.13 Activity Analysis The activity mapping of the community center has been done on the basis of the site visits and therefore three different time zones have been developed that includes: 1. 12 pm – 4 pm 2. 5 pm- 8 pm 3. 9 pm – 12 am

Figure 35: Activity Mapping of Preet Vihar community center; Source: Author

The following image highlights the activity analysis at different times of the day. It can be clearly seen that the center faces its highest footfall during the vening hours i.e. from 5 pm8 pm and the least activity is after 8 pm.

39 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.2.14 Users and activities The different activities that are undertaken by the visitors of the community center were observed from the site visit and thus the graph provided below clearly highlights that shopping activities and the office works mostly attract the visitors of the Preet Vihar Community center.

Figure 36: Activity graph of Preet Vihar community center; Source: Author

3.2.15 Inferences The inferences drawn from the above study are: i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

In terms of location, Preet vihar community center also has great accessibility as it is located close to two of the major metro stations, i.e the Preet vihar metro station and the Nirman Vihar metro station.

However the walkability aspect for the pedestrians is not at all developed as there happen to be no such dedicated walkways for the pedestrians, the ones present are encroached by stalls and illegal parking further the vehicular movement has not been segregated from the pedestrian movement.

Further, in terms of providing community facilities, the center has been able to set a remarkable example as most of the public open space amenities and other community facilities are either missing or are in a dilapidated condition. There happens to be very less shaded seating spaces for the users and the seating areas available are not at all maintained for the comfort of the users.

As also reflected from the graph, a very small share of the visitors use this center for actual communication or interacting with one another. A major share of visitors only access this place for their individual work purpose.

Hence the actual identity of this community center has been lost due to poor maintenance and lack of necessary community facilities.

40 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.3 NEW FRIENDS COLONY COMMUNITY CENTER, NEW DELHI 3.3.1 Project Information 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Location: New Friends Colony, South-Delhi Site area: 31,000 sqm Built-up Area: 15,000 sqm Permissible FAR: 100 Achieved FAR: 55 Ground Coverage: 55%

New Friends colony market differs from the other examples in that it is located to the east, is adjacent to one of the busiest intersections in the city, and is located to the edge of the colony. Moreover, it does not bear any resemblance to the typical layout of community center markets, but approximates a town center development, having typical property of grid intensification from the surrounding areas.

Figure 37 : New friends colony community center; Source: DUAC.org

41 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.3.2 Location and connectivity The location and connectivity of the site area has been specifically highlighted with the graphic provided below. The two major surpassing roads have been marked along with the bust stops present in the close proximity. Further, the Sukhdev vihar metro station is alos present in close proximity that has been shown.

Figure 38: New friends colony community center location; Source: Author

3.3.3 Landuse of the area The land-use pattern of the region is reflected from the land-use map provided below, where most of the area in the precinct is devoted to residential use.

Figure 39: Land-use of the area; Source: DDA.org

42 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.3.4 Site Plan

Figure 40: Site plan of the NFC Community center; Source: Author

3.3.5 Movement and Circulation The movement and circulation pattern of the site has been reflected here, where the presence of multiple entry points for vehicles and different designated points for parking can be seen.

Vehicular Pedestrian

Figure 41: Entry creatorsarchitects.com

points;

Source:

Figure 42: Circulation pattern; Source: creatorsarchitects.com

43 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Further, in order to regulate circulation, the vehicular movement has been kept restricted to the periphery and the pedestrian circulation is in between the blocks.

3.3.6 Area Distribution The center comprises 94 shops over 42,000 sq meters and a large number of informal, temporary shops selling items like cigarettes, ‘paan’, magazines, and a variety of food. The market is also highly spatialized: the central boulevard consists of specialty restaurants and coffee shops, the central court a variety of conveniences like office stationery and general stores, and the rear portion is an informal food court with several versions of Indian fast food. There is also a cinema which is under redevelopment and a luxury hotel adjacent.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Total site area: 31,000 sq m Total Built-up area: 21,700 sq m Area for retail shops: 10,416 sq m Area for office spaces: 6,290 sq m Area for entertainment spaces (kiosks, seating, food court): 3000 sq m Area for community facilities: 1,955 sq m

Figure 43: Area distribution; Source: Author

3.3.7 Open-Built Relationship The open-built relationship is reflected through the figure-ground map provided below: 1. Total site area: 31,000 sq m 2. Total Built-up area: 21,700 sq m 3. Total Open area: 9,3000 sq m

44 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Figure 44: Figure-ground map; Source: Author

Figure 45: open-built relationship; Source: Author

3.3.8 Public Open Space distribution The three different patches of public open spaces that have been provided at the New Friends Colony Community Center have been marked below. The provided facilities in each of these patches have also been highlighted below.

Figure 46: Public Open space distribution; Source: Author

45 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.3.9 Public Open Space Amenities The public open space amenities available at the open spaces of the community center have been highlighted below:

Figure 47: Public Open space Amenities; Source: Author

3.3.10 Cleanliness and maintenance The cleanliness and maintenance of the area have been measured on the basis of the availability of toilets, the presence of open dumps and drains on the site, and the presence of areas choked with water causing unpleasant and unhygienic experiences faced by the visitors.

Figure 48: Cleanliness and maintenance; Source: Author

46 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.3.11 Activity Mapping The activity mapping of the community center has been done on the basis of the site visits and therefore three different time zones have been developed that includes: 1. 12 pm – 4 pm 2. 5 pm- 8 pm 3. 9 pm- 12 am

Figure 49: Activity mapping of new friend’s colony community center; Source: Author

The following image highlights the activity analysis at different times of the day. It can be clearly seen that the center faces its highest footfall during the evening hours i.e. from 5 pm- 8 pm and the least activity is after 8 pm.

47 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

3.3.12 Uses and activities The different activities that are undertaken by the visitors of the community center were observed during the site visit and thus the graph provided below clearly highlights that shopping activities and the restaurants or cafes mostly attract the visitors of the New Friends colony community center.

Figure 50: Users and activities of new friend’s colony community center; Source: Author

3.3.13 Inferences The inferences drawn from the above study are: i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

New friends colony community center is also located close to Sukhdev Vihar metro station and has extensive connectivity with different bus stops and auto stands located in its very close proximity.

The walkability quotient for the community center has also been very wellidentified with the segregation of vehicular and pedestrian movement. The internal alleys and paths are dedicated solely to the pedestrians and the vehicles only run at the periphery, thus the pedestrian movement remains unhindered.

In terms of community facilities, the center offers a diverse range of options for seating, book reading, shopping and eating which very well attracts the visitors towards it.

As can be seen from the graph as well, a great share of visiting population prefers to come to the place just to enjoy their time, sit and walk around at the center, thereby enhancing and developing community bond.

48 | Case Study

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

4. SURVEY ANALYSIS 4.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the survey is to evaluate the role of the Public Open Spaces in the activities undertaken by the visitors of the community centers. Thus the survey was done at three different case study locations, i.e. the Saket community center, Preet vihar community center and the New Friends community center. The survey analysis helped to develop an idea of the importance and role of public open spaces in the community centers.

4.2 OUTCOME The outcome of the survey achieved from the three different case study locations are: Question 1: How often do you visit community centers?

Question 2: Which time of the day do you prefer to visit the community center?

49 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Question 3: Why do you mostly visit community centers?

Question 4: How likely are you to spend time at the open spaces if you visit the community center? (1 being less likely and 5 being extremely likely) Saket community center:

50 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Preet Vihar Community Center:

New Friends Colony Community center;

Question 5: How much time do you spend at the open spaces of the community center?

51 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Question 6: Are sufficient seating spaces available in the open spaces of the community center?

Question 7: How much would you rate the seating spaces provided? ( 1 being very poor and 5 being extremely satisfying) Saket community center:

Preet vihar community center:

52 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

New Friends Colony Community center:

Question 8: Are sufficient dustbins available near and around the open spaces of the community center?

Question 9: How much would you rate the cleanliness quotient of the open spaces of the community center? ( 1 being very poor and 5 being extremely satisfying) Saket community center:

53 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Preet vihar community center:

New friends colony community center:

Question 10: Do you feel that walking within and around the spaces of the community center is disturbed by vehicular movement?

54 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Question 11: How much would you rate the safety quotient of the open spaces of the community center, if one visits during the late evening hours? ( 1 being highly unsafe and 5 being extremely safe) Saket community center:

Preet vihar community center:

New friends colony community center:

55 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

4.3 INFERENCES The inferences drawn from the survey are: i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

vii.

The survey clearly highlights the poor conditions of the open spaces of the Preet Vihar community center as compared to the other two case study options. Through the survey it can be seen that firstly, only 10% of the entire visiting population prefers to use the open spaces and engages in activities like talking, walking, or sitting. About 80% of the entire visitors are the employees who access the place for their work.

Contrary to the above scenario, in the case of both Saket and New friends colony community center, on average 50% of the visiting population prefers to use the open spaces to enjoy their leisure time.

Further, the dilapidating condition of the open spaces of the Preet vihar community center is also because of the lack and poor maintenance of the open space amenities.

The survey clearly highlights that around 70% of visitors feel that sufficient seating spaces are not available and around 80% of the visitors think that the seating spaces of the community center need to be improved.

However in the case of the other two, more than 50% of the visitors are satisfied with the open seating spaces that have been provided and feel that just slight maintenance of the seats provided would do the job.

Further, cleanliness as an aspect also needs to be developed in the case of Preet vihar community center as per 80% of the visitors, whereas, cleanliness has been maintained to a very great extent in the other two centers as per 70% of the visitors.

Pedestrian safety and walkability as an aspect is other harmful factor that has affected the use of open spaces at the center. Obstructions created through the vehicles, in pedestrian movement and circulation, mostly prevent the pedestrians to use the spaces.

However, in the case of the other two centers, more than 80% of the visitors are satisfied with the segregation of vehicular and pedestrian routes and find it easier to access the open spaces of the community centers.

56 | Survey Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 5.1 Introduction to aspects of comparison The community centers strive to be the Hub of the busy urban centers, these activityinducing centers are created to play the role of activity-inducing areas as being prominently important Public spaces of considerable importance. Public spaces are all places publicly owned or of public use, accessible and enjoyable by all for free and without a profit motive.

Each public space has its own spatial, historic, environmental, social, and economic features. The community recognizes itself in its public places and pursues the improvement of its spatial quality. Thus, for better analysis of the public open spaces of the community centers, the methodology used for their comparison has been drawn based on the four aspects proposed by the Public open space guidelines of the UNO-HABITAT i.e.

5. Access and Linkage Accessibility of a place is measured by its connections to its surroundings, both visual and physical. A successful public space is easy to get to and get through; it is visible from a distance and close. The edges of a space are important as well: for instance, a row of shops along a street is more interesting and generally safer to walk by than a blank wall or empty lot. Accessible spaces have a high parking turnover and, ideally, are convenient to public transit.

6. Comfort and Image Whether a space is comfortable and presents itself well - has a good image - is key to its success. Comfort includes perceptions about safety, cleanliness, and the availability of places to sit - the importance of giving people the choice to sit where they want is generally underestimated.

7. Uses and Activities Activities are the basic building blocks of a place. Having something to do gives people a reason to come to a place - and return. When there is nothing to do, a space will be empty, and that generally means that something is wrong.

8. Sociability This is a difficult quality for a place to achieve, but once attained it becomes an unmistakable feature. When people see friends, meet and greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with strangers, they tend to feel a stronger sense of place or attachment to their community - and to the place that fosters these types of social activities.

57 | Comparative Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

5.2 Conclusive analysis

58 | Comparative Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

59 | Comparative Analysis

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6. ANALYTICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR OPEN SPACES OF PREET VIHAR COMMUNITY CENTER 6.1 Analysis of Literature study Introduction to public open spaces: Public spaces contribute to defining the cultural, social, economic and political functions of cities. They continue to be the first element to mark the status of a place from a chaotic and unplanned settlement to a well-established town or city. Public spaces are the living rooms, gardens, and corridors of urban areas. These spaces provide areas for social interaction and economic activities, which improves the development and desirability of a community. Everyone in the world irrespective of age, background, or status invariably uses public spaces.

Despite its importance in promoting sustainable urban development, public space has not been given the attention it deserves in literature and, more importantly, in the global policy arena. A useful working definition and description of public space is the one adopted by the Charter of Public Space as specified in the Global Public Space Toolkit by UNO-Habitat 2016: ‘Public spaces are all places publicly owned or of public use, accessible and enjoyable by all for free and without a profit motive.

As per the global public space toolkit of UNO, considering the diversity and the complexity in nature of different public spaces, these have been classified firstly into two broad zones: 3. The physical category of public spaces 4. The non-physical category of public spaces

Public open spaces form one of the categories of public spaces– the urban features that instinctively come to mind when we think of public spaces and that we also use on a daily basis. Public open spaces on clear terms include the following types such as the: •

Local/pocket open public spaces

•

Neighbourhood public open spaces

•

District/city open spaces or city open spaces

•

Regional open space/Larger city parks

•

National/metropolitan open public spaces

Benefits of Public open spaces: Public open spaces pose the following benefits: •

Public spaces are a producer of environmental stability

•

Public space increases transport efficiency 60 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

•

Public space improves public health

•

Public Space Enhances Safety

Assessment of Public Open Spaces: Various organizations and urban bodies have issued specific guidelines for efficient and careful analysis of public open spaces for the development of our community. The different guidelines provide a set of specific standards that enables one to understand and rate these open spaces on the basis of the available facilities and requirements.

From The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) Space Shapers Guide to the UNO-Habitat, specific guidelines on the assessment of open public spaces have been issued. The four defining features in the assessment of public open spaces are: •

Access and linkage

•

Comfort and image

•

Uses and activities

•

Sociability

Figure 51: Attributes of Public Open spaces; Source: pps.org

61 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

Role of community center Community Centres have played a significant role in the life of many local communities and networks, as they are not only limited to recreational activities but act as magnets attracting citizens from different sections of society. Community centers are incredibly important for a healthy, vibrant community. A community center’s main purpose should be to provide opportunities for active living and recreation in a safe, inclusive environment.

By creating a positive atmosphere, these facilities become essential to personal health and wellness, thereby reducing reliance on healthcare and other costly social services. This in turn boosts the local economy and can also help contribute to overall economic development.

Case of East Delhi In terms of the happiness index, the capital city of the country stands at the 23rd position, and further, the eastern wards of the city have a very high population density and as per the requirement satisfied in the development plan of Delhi, on a population of 1 lakh, one community center should be provided.

Figure 52: Population density; Source: Springer international journal 2019

However, with a population of 1,709,346, east Delhi has just 13 community centers on a requirement of 17 centers. Further, as per the population estimation by 2041, a total of 28 centers are needed. Hence there is a lack of community centers in the eastern ward. Thus in order to develop and prioritize the maintenance of these centers, it is necessary to first understand the current situation of these centers. Further, in public open spaces, keeping in mind the benefits they pose, it is essential to study the character of open spaces provided within the community centers in order to better develop the public realm of the area. Thus a clear assessment of the public open spaces should be done to define a new prevailing character to these spaces and thereby contribute to the development of the community centers in East Delhi. Preet vihar community center of the Eastern ward has been picked up as the prime study area as it is one of the largest community centers in the ward and has been observed to have a very low frequency of visitors accessing its public open spaces.

62 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.2 Inferences from the case studies Following are the inferences drawn from the case studies: 1. Lack of Guidelines and policies The open spaces of the Preet vihar community center, lack and do not have access to any basic public open space amenities, further, maintenance of these open spaces also poses another critical issue. If however certain set of guidelines were prepared for the development and maintenance of these open spaces, then the regulation of these spaces would’ve been easier. Similarly, maintenance issues were reflected in other community centers as well, however, in comparison, the situation was far better but the lack of any defined guidelines affects the way these open spaces are developed and maintained in the country.

2. Open spaces as multi-use destinations Public open spaces of Saket and New friends colony community center were being actively used by the visitors for the most part of the day as several activities were clubbed with these spaces in order to enhance the user experience. The open spaces had several points fixed for some retail outlets, different kiosk spaces, and a food court along with shaded seating areas was provided near and around the open spaces. however, in the case of Preet vihar, barely any visitors were found using the open spaces provided. Although seating areas were provided but without any other activities to support these places, the visitors were not attracted to them.

Thus while the open spaces of Saket and NFC community centers were being used as major public squares, open spaces at Preet vihar were barely being used because of a lack of activities.

3. Provision of markets Markets not only attract users but also helps in building the public realm of any area. While certain patches of open spaces at Saket and NFC community center were being used as market spaces, the open spaces of Preet vihar center remained vacant and dead for the most part of the day. At Saket and NFC spaces for several stalls and shops were provided near and around the open spaces that were clubbed with open seating areas for an enhanced experience. However, in the case of Preet vihar, there were barely any stalls or shops spaces defined near or around the open spaces and thus those spaces remained unused and underutilized.

4. Walkability and the pedestrian realm Walkability as an aspect always affects the usefulness of any space. In the case of Preet vihar, where no importance has been given to the segregation of vehicular and pedestrian movement. The visitors felt that pedestrian movement was hindered and that pedestrian safety was a matter of concern in the area. Contrary to the same, in the case of the other two centers, where segregation was done visitors were satisfied with the pedestrian movement and had no issue with the pedestrian safety. Further at Preet vihar, the pedestrian 63 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

walkways and pathways provided were either not maintained and thus are in a very poor condition or have been encroached completely by vendors or stalls.

5. Public open space distribution Public open spaces distribution is an important aspect in analyzing and defining the character of the public realm. The way the open spaces are aligned and connected along the site as well as their positioning plays an important role if the open spaces are clearly visible and accessible by the users. In the case of Saket and the NFC community center, public open spaces have been positioned and aligned in such a manner that they happen to be clearly visible from the site periphery creating a visually accessible and barrier-free movement. However, in the case of the Preet vihar community center, although the open spaces are aligned and connected together, but the visually accessible movement is not created for the users due to the disruption created in between their connection from excess surface parking and unorganized dumping areas.

6. Public open space amenities Proper availability of public space amenities also plays a vast role in the usefulness of open spaces; wherein the case of Saket and NFC community centers, proper arrangement of street lights, sit-outs, and shopping stalls or kiosks have been made; Preet vihar lacked such facilities in sufficient terms which also resulted in the dissatisfaction of the visitors. Seating facilities play an important role in defining the character of any kind of Public open space.

A sense of comfort is primarily developed if the seating spaces are properly shaded in order to allow the user to access those spaces in any kind of weather or during any time of the day. The survey clearly highlighted that visitors were satisfied with the seating facilities and other amenities provided at the Saket and NFC center, however, such facilities were not available in Preet vihar center as the visitors were not satisfied and wanted further interventions to improve the services provided.

64 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.3 Proposals and Interventions Analysis drawn from the literature study and the case studies has been used to develop proposals for the development of public open spaces of the Preet vihar community center where the inferences highlight the need and scope of improvement in the case of Preet vihar community center. Therefore, the following proposals have been defined to improve the condition of Public open spaces of the Preet vihar community center.

6.3.1. Restructure government policies to support public open spaces The global kit for public open spaces by the UNO-Habitat has issued a set of definite guidelines for the primary aspects that affect the functioning of the public open spaces.

Those guidelines highlight the different characteristics of an ideal public open space.

However, no such public open space guidelines have been issued yet in our country. The structure of government departments and the processes they require sometimes impede the creation of successful public spaces. Transportation departments view their mission as moving traffic; parks departments are there to create and manage green space; community development agencies are focused on the development of projects, not the spaces in between them. If the ultimate goal of governance, urban institutions, and development are to make places, communities, and regions more prosperous, civilized, and attractive for all people, then government processes need to change to reflect that goal. This requires the development of consensus-building, city consultation processes, and institutional reform to enhance citizenship and inclusion.

Thus, if government policies and interventions have been introduced that aim at the development of public open spaces in the cities and the regulation and maintenance of these spaces, then for sure the public open spaces in the country will develop and enhance the urban placemaking.

Figure 53: UNO-Habitat and WHO guidelines on Public open spaces; Source: UNOhabitat, WHO

65 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.3.2. Create Open spaces as multi-use destinations A great urban public open space can act as a safety valve for the city, in which people living in dense urban areas can find breathing room. While a poorly planned or maintained open space can be a place of fear and danger, thus repelling people, businesses, and investment.

On the other hand, creating open spaces as public squares can be a source of civic pride, and it can help citizens feel better connected to their cultural and political institutions.

Promoting the development of public squares with small retail or eating points will induce activity and will help develop healthy community relationships. Public squares will enable people to spend more time in the open spaces by inducing certain recreational activities, thereby making the spaces extremely sociable and lively and not leaving these spaces dead and vacant.

Figure 54: Plaza created for the community center; Source: Author

66 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.3.3. Build local economies through weekly or night markets An informal public markets economy thrives in many cities around the world, but often chaotically — clogging streets, competing unfairly with local businesses, and limiting the hope of upward mobility to marginalized populations. Markets can, however, provide a structure and a regulatory framework that helps grow small businesses, preserve food safety, and make a more attractive destination for shoppers. Thus designing open spaces to also incorporate areas for public markets along with recreational features will not only contribute towards providing the local community with an opportunity for healthy revenue generation but at the same time, it will help in the development of these open spaces. market spaces will not only help improve the public realm of the area but at the same time will also allow for enhanced community interaction.

Figure 55: weekly and night market provision for community center; Source: Author

67 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.3.4. Enhanced pedestrian realm Placemaking is based on a simple principle: if you plan cities for cars and traffic, you will get cars and traffic. If you plan for people and places, you will get people and places. More traffic and greater road capacity are not the inevitable results of growth. They are products of very deliberate choices made to shape our communities to accommodate the private automobile. Thus, Walkability is an important aspect in defining the user convenience of any open public space. In the case of the Preet Vihar community center, the sidewalks or the pedestrian footpaths are either not adequately provided on certain sides or have been encroached by vendors or stalls. Hence to enhance the walkability, at first, the pedestrian footpaths should be regulated and the vendors should be provided with designated locations near or at the boundaries of the site.

Figure 56: Pedestrian walkability; Source: Author

68 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.3.5. Design buildings to support places In many cities, new buildings are going up at an unprecedented pace. Massive gated communities are being built for the middle class, exacerbating the gulf between rich and poor. Traditional neighborhoods are being replaced by towering skyscrapers and civic institutions like schools and libraries often end up looking like fortresses. This trend has spread around the globe and it is damaging the fabric of cities everywhere. Thus instead of promoting gated communities, the open spaces should be designed in a manner by which they can be easily accessed from all sides. The open spaces at Preet vihar have been designed along the central spine of the site, thereby creating a barrier-free and visually accessible flow of movement.

Figure 57: Public open space alingment; Source: Author

69 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.3.6. Inclusion of adequate open space amenities Public open amenities such as proper shaded seating areas or the lamp posts along with other recreational features enhance the overall user experience. Hence, proper public open space amenities should be added to the community centers to improve and develop the condition of the public open spaces in the community center. Adequate street furniture and garbage bins should be placed at regular intervals within the site.

Figure 58: Public open space amenities; Source: Author

70 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.4 Proposal justification After the development of the proposal, a survey was conducted, in order to understand the stake of the visitors on the solutions proposed: 6.4.1 Create open spaces as multi-use destinations Question 1: Do you think additional spaces for shops, kiosks, or food courts should be added to the open spaces of the community center?

Question 2: Do you think that inclusion of an entrance plaza or central plaza space can be more helpful in enhancing the user experience?

Justification for the proposal: Thus, from the above two responses, it is primarily clear that developing the open spaces as interactive public squares can help improve the user experience and will induce activities into the public open spaces.

71 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.4.2 Build local economies through weekly or night markets Question 1: Would you prefer to shop while walking or strolling through the open spaces of the community center?

Question 2: Do you think additional night market or weekly market provision is required?

Justification for proposal: Thus, from the above two responses, it is primarily clear that developing market areas with the provision of night markets or weekly markets can help with developing the user experience and increasing interaction among the users.

72 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.4.3 Enhanced pedestrian realm Question 1: Do you feel that walking within and around the spaces of community center is disturbed with vehicular movement?

Question 2: Do you think that segregating Vehicular movement will help improve the open spaces of the community center?

Justification for the proposal: Enhancing the pedestrian realm will help the users to easily access the open spaces of the community centers and will also reduce the probable risks of any accidents that can affect pedestrian safety. The above survey highlights that the visitors will welcome such changes as it will allow them to easily access and traverse the open spaces of community center without facing any obstruction from vehicular movement.

73 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.4.4 Improved public space amenities Question 1: Do you think that improving the seating facility can help improve the frequency of visits to the open spaces of the community center?

Question 2: Do you think that proper shaded seating spaces should be provided in the open spaces of the community center?

Justification for the proposal: The above survey questions asked clearly highlight that improving the seating facilities and providing proper shaded seating areas will also help to enhance the usage and the character of open spaces of the community center

74 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

6.5 Conclusion Through the study conducted so far, one can clearly understand that the prime objective behind the research was not just about identifying and studying the types of the public open spaces, but it was rather about highlighting the ways in which the public open spaces can be developed and how a fresh, new character can be given to the public open spaces of the community centers.

With the advancing world, community centers have sought to become an essential part of our society, as it provides a platform for people to access, meet and interact with one another even during their hectic and busy life schedules. In fact, these centers are the only few sources that help establish community interaction and bonds between the people.

However, with advancing technologies and development, it has been observed, (even though the surveys and case studies conducted) that certain community centers have lost their identity and are not being used to the fullest extent in order to fulfill the primary objective i.e. enhancing community bonds.

The study started by highlighting the increasing population of Eastern Delhi and how as per the Masterplan of Delhi, the currently available community centers are insufficient to meet up the demands of the population. However, besides the lack the number of community centers, the study has also highlighted the condition of one of the existing community centers in east Delhi. Preet vihar community center; because of the lack of proper maintenance and availability of community facilities, is only being used by the employees for their work purpose and no such importance is given to developing community ties by the visitors at the center.

It is, therefore, a dire need to develop the community facilities, in order to induce engagement of visitors with the open spaces of the community centers and also provide them with an opportunity to enhance their network and community ties. The re-vitalization of the open spaces of the community centers will allow the individuals to sit, talk and relax in these spaces and give a little thought to the development of community ties. Such kinds of interventions in the open spaces of community centers will enhance the functioning of these centers and will also prove to be fruitful for the generations to come.

75 | Conclusion

Analytical Interventions for the Open Spaces of the Community Centers in East Delhi; Case of Preet Vihar

REFERENCES 1. UNO-Habitat (2016), Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice. Nairobi, Kenya: UNO-habitat publications.

2. Charita Kishore Rupa(2015), Importance Of Public Spaces In Cities, Architectural Association School Of Architecture.

3. UN-Habitat (2018). SDG Indicator 11.7.1 Training Module: Public Space. United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat), Nairobi 4. ON THE GO TOURS (2018) 10 of the World’s Best City Parks. [WWW] Available from: https://www.onthegotours.com/blog/2018/03/worlds-best-city parks/#:~:text=Located%20in%20the%20heart%20of,Marx%20and%20modernist %20Oscar%20Niemeyer. [Accessed : 03-05-2022] 5. Jan Gehl (2010), Cities for People. Washington, London: Island Press.

6. Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (2007). London: Draught Associates.

7. Jones, M., Kimberlee, R., Deave, T., & Evans, S. (2013). The role of community centre-based arts, leisure, and social activities in promoting adult well-being and healthy lifestyles. International journal of environmental research and public health, 10(5), 1948–1962.

8. UNO-Habitat(2020) World Happiness Report. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).

76 | Conclusion