YSMU, Apaga Bzhishk by APAGA BZHISHK

ØÆÜâºì Ð²Úàò ºÔºèÜÆ 100-² ² ØÚ² î²ðºÈÆòÀ ØÜ²ò 1 î²ðÆ

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²ä²¶² ´ÄÆÞÎ ¶ÉË³íáñ ËÙμ³·Çñ êº¸² Ê²â²îàôðÆ ÂàðàêÚ²Ü Editor Seda KH. TOROSYAN ÂÕÃ³ÏÇó ²Æ¸² Ð²Îà´Ú²Ü ²Ý·É»ñ»Ý ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ å³ï³ëË³Ý³ïáõ ²Ü²ÐÆî ¸ºØàôðâÚ²Ü Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·ã³ÛÇÝ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ ÈÆÈÆÂ ì²ð¸²ÜÚ²ÜÆ Èñ³ïí³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕª ºñ¨³ÝÇ ØËÇÃ³ñ Ð»ñ³óáõ ³Ýí³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý áã ³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ Â»ñÃÁ ·ñ³Ýóí³Í ¿ ÐÐ ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ: ¶ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý íÏ³Û³Ï³Ý N 299: îå³·ñíáõÙ ¿ §Èº¶²È äÈÚàôê¦ êäÀ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Ð»é³Ëáëª (060) 62-12-46, 2-46, E-mail: apagabzhishk@ysmu.am îå³ù³Ý³ÏÁª 500 ûñÇÝ³Ï: ²Ýí×³ñ

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Ð²Ø²¶àðÌ²ÎòàôÂÚ²Ü Üàð Ðºè²ÜÎ²ð ÐÐ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ¸»ñ»ÝÇÏ ¸áõÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÁ, §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³Ù ²ØÜ¦ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ³¹Çñ ïÝûñ»Ý ÆñÇÝ³ È³½³ñÛ³ÝÁ ¨ ºñ¨³ÝÇ Ø. Ð»ñ³óáõ ³Ýí³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ é»Ïïáñ ØÇù³Û»É Ü³ñÇÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÁ ëïáñ³·ñ»óÇÝ ÷áËÁÙμéÝÙ³Ý Ñáõß³·Çñ` Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ·ÉËáõÕ»ÕÇ ³ÝáÃ³ÛÇÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ μáõÅÙ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý, ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝÙ³Ý ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí »ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï Íñ³·Çñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É: ²ÛëåÇëáíª ÑÇÙù ¹ñí»ó ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó μÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ áõ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ áõÝ»ó³Í Ó»éùμ»ñÙ³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ: âáñë ï³ñÇ ³é³ç Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý §Ð»ñ³óÇ¦ ÃÇí 1 ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñáõÙ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí Ñ³·»óí³Í ¨ ³ñï»ñÏñáõÙ í»ñ³å³ïñ³ëïí³Í Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÝ»ñáí ³ÝáÃ³ÛÇÝ ÝÛ³ñ¹³íÇñ³μáõÅáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÝ³·Çï³óí³Í Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ áõÝ»ÇÝ ÇÝãå»ë §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³Ù ²ØÜ¦-Á, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É` ³Ù»ñÇÏ³Ñ³Û Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÝ»ñÁ: §²Ûë Ñáõß³·ñáí Ï³Ùñ³åÝ¹»Ýù ¨ Ï½³ñ·³óÝ»Ýù é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ûë Íñ³·ÇñÁ: Ø»Ýù ã³÷³½³Ýó μ³ñÓñ »Ýù ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³-

Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ¦,- ³ë³ó ÆñÇÝ³ È³½³ñÛ³ÝÁ: ÐÐ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÁ Ñáõß³·ñÇ ëïáñ³·ñáõÙÁ ßñç³¹³ñÓ³ÛÇÝ áñ³Ï»ó: §Î³ñ¨áñ ³Ûë Íñ³·ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñë ¿É Éáõñç ³Ý»ÉÇùÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ýù: Â»° Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ã»° μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÁ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ù »Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É ³é³ç³¹ñíáÕ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ: §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³Ù ²ØÜ¦ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³ÏÝÏ³ÉáõÙ »Ýù, áñ μ³ñÓñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí ÏÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåí»Ý Ù»ñ Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³å³ïñ³ëïáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ßË³ñÑÇ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ÏÉÇÝÇÏ³Ý»ñáõÙ¦,-³ë³ó ¸»ñ»ÝÇÏ ¸áõÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÁ: Ðáõß³·ÇñÁ ëïáñ³·ñáÕ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ Ï³ñ¨áñ»óÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý³¨ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ μÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ñ³ë³Ý»ÉÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ Ñ³ñóÁ:

A New Perspective for Collaboration Derenik Dumanyan-the Minister of Health of the Republic of Armenia, Irina Lazaryan-The Executive Director of “Armenia Fund USA” and Michael Narimanyan- the Rector of Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, signed a trilateral Memorandum of Understanding on a long term program implementation on provision, expansion and development of cerebral vascular disease treatment service in the Republic of Armenia. Thus, it put a new base for ensuring the development of acquired achievements in an important and

²ä²¶² ´ÄÆÞÎ ²åñÇÉ 2014 N 5 (1299)

modern sphere of medicine. Four years ago “Armenia Fund USA” and American-Armenian specialists contributed in the establishment of vascular neurosurgery center in the University Complex Hospital “Heratsi” N1, equipped with modern equipment and with the specialists trained abroad. “This memorandum will strengthen and develop this strategic project. We highly appreciate the support of the Ministry of Health and the willingness of the Minister personally” said Irina Lazaryan. The Minister qualified the signing of the memorandum as a turning

point. “We, the parties of Present Memorandum, have serious work to do for the implementation of the project. Both, the Ministry and the Medical University, express our willingness and are ready to carry out the issues set before us. We expect from “Armenia Fund USA” organization to organize high-level training courses for our specialists in the leading clinics of the world” said Derenik Dumanyan. The parties signing the Memorandum gave an importance to enable the services for the population in marzes.

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áõß³·ñÇ ÏÝùÙ³Ý ³éÇÃáí μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý ³Ûó»É³Í å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½ÙáõÙ ¿ÇÝ øáõí»ÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ é»Ïïáñ ²μ¹ ³É È³ïÇý ²ÑÙ³¹ ³É ´³¹ñÁ, áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñáí åñáé»Ïïáñ ïÇÏÇÝ üÇñÛ³É ´áõ è³μÇ³Ý, μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÇ ¹»Ï³Ý, åñáý»ëáñ ²¹»É ²Û»¹Á, ³ßË³ï³Ï³½ÙÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ ØáõÑ³ÙÙ³¹ ³É êáõÉ»ÛÙ³ÝÁ ¨ é»ÏïáñÇ ËáñÑñ¹³Ï³Ý ØáõÑë»Ý ³É Øáõ³ÉÉÇÙÁ: ²ñ³μ³Ï³Ý ÍáóÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇó øáõí»ÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÝ ³Ù»Ý³Ñ½áñ ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇó ¿, áñÁ μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³·»ó³Í ¿ ¨° Ï³¹ñ³ÛÇÝ, ¨° ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñáí: 40.000-Çó ³í»ÉÇ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ ´àõÐ-áõÙ ¹³ë³í³Ý¹áõÙ »Ý Ññ³íÇñÛ³É Ñ³ÛïÝÇ åñáý»ëáñÝ»ñ, Üáμ»ÉÛ³Ý Ùñó³Ý³Ï³ÏÇñÝ»ñ: ìëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»Éáí, áñ »ñÏáõ ´àõÐ-»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³é³í»É Ï³Ùñ³åÝ¹Ç ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ ÷áË·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁª ºä´Ð é»Ïïáñ ØÇù³Û»É Ü³ñÇÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÁ, Ç å³ï³ëË³Ý øáõ-

í»ÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ýñ³ é»ÏïáñÇ ïí³Í ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý, ÑÛáõñ»ñÇÝ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óñ»ó Ù»ñ ´àõÐ-Ç é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³å»ñÁ ¨ Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ·Çï³Ï³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ´àõÐáõÙ Ï³ï³ñíáÕ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»é³ÝÏ³ñÝ»ñÁ, ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÝ»ñÁ, ëïáñ³μ³Å³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÏÉÇÝÇÏ³Ý»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Æ ¹»åª øáõí»ÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É »Ý Ý³¨ Ü.ê.ú.î.î. ¶³ñ»·ÇÝ ´ Ì³Ûñ³·áõÛÝ ä³ïñÇ³ñù ¨ ²Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ð³Ûáó Î³ÃáÕÇÏáëÁ ¨ ÐÐ ÷áËí³ñã³å»ï, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ûùáõí»ÛÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçÏ³é³í³ñ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝ³ÅáÕáíÇ Ñ³Ù³Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ²ñÙ»Ý ¶¨áñ·Û³ÝÁ:

COLLABORATION AGREEMENT WAS SIGHNED BETWEEN YEREVAN AND KUWAITI UNIVERSITIES The Kuwaiti delegation was composed of the Rector of the University of Kuwait Abdul-Latif Ahmad Al-Bader, Vice-rector on Education Affairs Firyal Bu Rabea, Dean of the Medical Faculty Professor Adel Ayed, Chief of Staff Muhammad al-Suleiman and Rector's Adviser Muhsin al-Muallem. The Kuwaiti delegation has arrived in Armenia to discuss the prospects for intercollegiate cooperation, as well as cooperation in the fields of education and science. Before proceeding to the discussion the cooperation agreement between the two universities was signed and the parties said they would call it to life through the working agreements. YSU Rector Aram Simonyan welcomed the guests and noted that YSU management attaches great importance to the restoration and development of the cooperation with the University of Kuwait. Aram Simonyan presented some details of the history, international cooperation, education and scientific

processes of YSU, as well as cultural and student life. Rector of the University of Kuwait Abdul-Latif Ahmad Al-Bader spoke of his country's main university and expressed confidence that the results of the cooperation between the two universities will be satisfactory. It should be noted that the cooperation between our universities has a rich history, especially in the area of the Arabic Studies. It is already several years that YSU students receive education in the area of the Arabic Studies at the University of Kuwait. According to Aram Simonyan, the management of the Kuwait University always speaks with satisfaction about the Armenian students, stressing on the good level of their knowledge and a high level of proficiency in Arabic language. It is planned to include the fields of natural sciences in the framework of future cooperation: “Departments of natural sciences of the Kuwait University are powerful enough not

only regarding the knowledge, but also in terms of laboratory equipment.” YSU Rector added that the delegation of the Kuwait University is also interested in the exchange programs of students and lecturers. “The Kuwait University is one of the most powerful education centers in the Arab Gulf countries in terms of human resources and technical equipment. Invited from abroad well-known professors and Nobel laureates deliver lectures at this university, where 40,000 students receive education. So, we are interested to strengthen and develop this cooperation, as we will be provided with the opportunity to establish relations with other universities of the Arab Gulf states,” - said Aram Simonyan. At the end of the meeting the sides exchanged souvenirs and information booklets.

üð²ÜÎ²üàÜÆ²ÚÆ úðª ºä´Ð-àôØ ºñ¨³ÝÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ áõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í ÙÇçáó³éÙ³ÝÁ Ý»ñÏ³ ¿ÇÝ ºä´Ð é»Ïïáñ ØÇù³Û»É Ü³ñÇÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÁ, Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³-

ÝÇ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ¨ åñáý»ëáñ³¹³ë³Ëáë³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³½ÙÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ, áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñ: ØÇçáó³éáõÙÝ ³Ýó³í μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ùï»ñÙÇÏ ÙÇç³í³ÛñáõÙ, áñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ïª »ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñÇó ½³ï, óáõó³¹ñí»óÇÝ Ý³Ë³å»ë å³ïñ³ëïí³Í ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ï³ñ×³Ù»ïñ³Å ï»ë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñï»Õ å³ïÙíáõÙ ¿ñ ýñ³Ýë³Ñ³Û »ñ³ÅÇßïÝ»ñÇ, ³ñí»ëï³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ëª ýñ³Ýë³Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: ²ßË³ñÑ³Ñéã³Ï »ñ·ÇãÝ»ñ

Þ³éÉ ²½Ý³íáõñÇ, ä³ïñÇëÇ³ Î³³ëÇ ¨ ³ÛÉáó »ñ·³ó³ÝÏÇó ÁÝïñí³Í Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¨ ëÇñí³Í »ñ·»ñÝ áõ μ»ÙÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ÏáÉáñÇï ¨ ßáõÝã Ñ³Õáñ¹»óÇÝ ÙÇçáó³éÙ³ÝÁ: Ð³Ù»ñ·Ç ÙÃÝáÉáñïÝ ¿É ³í»ÉÇ ç»ñÙ³óñÇÝ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý ¨ »ñ·Çã ²íá Ê³É³ÃÛ³ÝÇ, §Ø»¹áõÝÇ¦ ¿ëïñ³¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÙáõÛÃÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ »ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ »ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ ¨ ºä´Ð ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÙμÇáÝÇ ¹áó»Ýï êáõë³ÝÝ³ ¸³íÃÛ³ÝÇ ¹³ßÝ³Ùáõñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³ï³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ: ØÇçáó³éÙ³Ý ³í³ñïÇÝ ºä´Ð é»Ïïáñ ØÇù³Û»É Ü³ñÇÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÁ, Çñ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³ÛïÝ»Éáí ´àõÐ-áõÙ ÝÙ³Ý ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ÝóÏ³óÙ³ÝÁ, ßÝáñÑ³Ï³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó Ñ³Ù»ñ·Ç Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÇãÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇÝª Ñ³×»ÉÇ å³Ñ»ñ å³ñ·¨»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

ØºÌ²ðØ²Ü îàôðøª ¶Æî²Î²Ü ÊàðÐð¸àôØ

ñ»ñë Ï³Û³ó³Í ·Çï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý ÝÇëïÁ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ³ÛÉ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ· áõÝ»ó³í: Ü³Ëù³Ý ûñ³Ï³ñ·Ç ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñóÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»ÉÁª ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³í Ù»Í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ý¹ÇëáõÃÛáõÝ Ø³¹É»Ý³ ¶»áñ·ÇÇ ²Ïáåáí³ÛÇ ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý 80³ÙÛ³ÏÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ: Ð³Ý¹Çë³íáñ ÝÇëïÁ μ³ó»ó Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ é»ÏïáñÁ, áí Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Éáí Ñáμ»ÉÛ³ñÇÝ, Ýß»ó. §Ü³ ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÝóÇó ¿, áí Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇÝ Ýå³ëï»É ¿ Ù»ñ ´àõÐ-áõÙ Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ áõëáõóÙ³ÝÁ: Ø³¹É»Ý³ ²Ïáåáí³ÛÇ ³í³Ý¹Á Ù»Í ¿ Ý³¨ Ù»ñ ´àõÐ-Ç ï»Õ³óÇ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ×Çßï áõëáõóÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ: ´áÉáñÇë ³ÝáõÝÇó ó³ÝÏ³ÝáõÙ »Ù ßÝáñÑ³íáñ»É Ó»½ª Ñáμ»ÉÛ³ÝÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¨ Ñ³í³ëïÇ³óÝ»É, áñ Ó»ñ ³í³Ý¹Á μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñ-

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ÍáõÙ ³Ýáõñ³Ý³ÉÇ ¿, ¨ Ù»Ýù »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï »Ýù Ó»½ ¹ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ¦: ÞÝáñÑ³íáñ³ÝùÇ Ëáëùáí Ñ³Ý¹»ë »Ï³í Ý³¨ ºä´Ð Ñ³Ûáó É»½íÇ ³ÙμÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã Ð»ÝñÇ»ï³ êáõùÇ³ëÛ³ÝÁ. §î³ëÝÛ³Ï ï³ñÇÝ»ñ ¹áõù »Õ»É »ù ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝóÇ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ áõëáõóÙ³Ý ³ÏáõÝùÝ»ñáõÙª ¹³éÝ³Éáí ³Û¹ μÝ³·³í³éÇ ëÏ½μÝ³íáñáÕÁ: Ò»ñ Í³í³É³Í Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ßÝáñÑÇí ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇ μ³½Ù³ÃÇí áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏÇó »Ý ¹³ñÓ»É Ù»ñ ³½·Ç Ñá·¨áñ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇÝ ¨ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ¦: ÞÝáñÑ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ÛáõñûñÇÝ³Ï ÑÕáõÙáí Ñ³Ý¹»ë »Ï³Ý ÑÝ¹ÇÏ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÁª Ø³¹É»Ý³ ²Ïáåáí³ÛÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í Çñ»Ýó ·ñ³Í μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ »ñ·Ç ÙÇçáóáí Çñ»Ýó ßÝáñÑ³Ï³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áË³Ýó»Éáí Ñáμ»ÉÛ³ñÇÝ: Ðáμ»ÉÛ³ñÇÝ ßÝáñÑ³íáñ»óÇÝ Ý³¨ ¹áó»Ýï êí»ïÉ³Ý³ Ü³Éμ³Ý¹Û³ÝÁª ûï³ñ É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ³ÙμÇáÝÇ ³ÝáõÝÇó,

ÐÐ ¶²² ³Ï³¹»ÙÇÏáë ìÇÉ»Ý Ð³ÏáμÛ³ÝÁ, ýÇ½ÇáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ ³ÙμÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã, åñáý»ëáñ ¸ñ³ëï³Ù³ï Êáõ¹³í»ñ¹Û³ÝÁª Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ¨ë ³ñÅ¨áñ»Éáí Ø³¹É»Ý³ ²Ïáåáí³ÛÇ Ï³ï³ñ³Í ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ áõ ³í³Ý¹Á Ù»ñ ´àõÐ-Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ: Üß»Ýù, áñ Ø³¹É»Ý³ ²Ïáåáí³Ý »ñÏ³ñ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ ³ßË³ï»É ¿ ºä´Ð-áõÙª Çñ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ¨ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ ³Ùñ³åÝ¹»Éáí ×Çßï ¹³ëïÇ³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ É³í Ù³ëÝ³·»ï ÏñÃ»Éáõ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÁ:

HONORING TRIBUTE AT THE SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL The scientific Council held recently was a little bit different. Before passing to the main issues of the agenda Madlena Akopova’s 80th anniversary was honoured.The solemn meeting was opened by the Rector of YSMU who represented the jubilee, congratulated her and emphasized her indisputable role in the contribution to the development of the University and especially in the education of foreign students. The indian students also took part in the meeting representing the poems devoted to Madlena Akopva , written by them.Many other officials and guests also congratulated Madlena Akopova very warmly.

íàñ÷èòûâàþùèé áîëåå 20-30 ñîòðóäíèêîâ, è ïîäíÿòü íà äîëæíûé óðîâåíü ïðåñòèæ êàôåäðû. Íè äíÿ ïðîñòîÿ – âîò ëîçóíã áûë íàø è Ìàäëåíû Ãåîðãèåâíû! Ðàáîòàëè íå ïîêëàäàÿ ðóê: ïèñàëè ìåòîäè÷êè, ïîñîáèÿ, äâóÿçû÷íûå ñëîâàðè, åçäèëè çà ñâîé ñ÷åò â Ìîñêâó, ïðèâîçèëè íîâåéøóþ ìåòîäè÷åñêóþ ëèòåðàòóðó, îñâîèëè ïåðâûé ëèíãàôîííûé êàáèíåò, ñòàâøèé ÿçûêîâîé ëàáîðàòîðèåé ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíîãî ôàêóëüòåòà; êàê â ñòóäèè çâóêîçàïèñè ðàáîòàëè íàä ñîçäàíèåì òàê íåîáõîäèìûõ ïðè èçó÷åíèè ëþáîãî íîâîãî ÿçûêà ôîíîïîñîáèé, ó÷åáíûõ äèàè âèäåîôèëüìîâ (àíàòîìèÿ, ôèçèîëîãèÿ è äð.); â ïîèñêàõ äèêòîðñêèõ ãîëîñîâ, îáðàùàëèñü çà ïîìîùüþ ê ëó÷øèì ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿì óíèâåðñèòåòà ñ õîðîøåé äèêöèåé. Ëþáîé ñîòðóäíèê íàøåé êàôåäðû ñòàíîâèëñÿ óíèâåðñàëîì – ìû ïå÷àòàëè, êàê ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûå ìàøèíèñòêè; çíàêîìèëè èíîñòóäåíòîâ ñ íîâûì ÿçûêîì è íîâîé êóëüòóðîé ÷åðåç ïðèçìó êàê ëèíãâîñòðàíîâåäåíèÿ, òàê è ìåñòíîãî ñòðàíîâåäåíèÿ, èìèòèðóÿ ðóññêóþ ðå÷åâóþ ñðåäó; îðãàíèçîâûâàëè ýêñêóðñèè ïî ñòðàíàì ÑÍÃ; èçó÷àëè ìåòîäèêó ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ ðóññêîãî êàê èíîñòðàííîãî íà âñåõ óðîâíÿõ îáó÷åíèÿ – íà÷èíàÿ ñ «íóëåâîãî» è çàêàí÷èâàÿ êëèíîðäèíàòóðîé; åçäèëè íà ïîâûøåíèå êâàëèôèêàöèè â Ìîñêâó â ÌÃÓ, â Öåíòð èíòåíñèâíîãî îáó÷åíèÿ èíîñòðàííûì ÿçûêàì, áûëè ó÷àñòíèêàìè ÌÀÏÐßË (Ìîñêâà, 1991) . Ðåçóëüòàòû áûëè çàøêàëèâàþùèìè – çà 22 äíÿ ìû ìîãëè íàó÷èòü ãîâîðèòü ïîðóññêè íà áûòîâîì óðîâíå èíäóñîâ, íå âëàäåþùèõ àíãëèéñêèì èëè êàêèì-ëèáî äðóãèì èíîñòðàííûì ÿçûêîì. Êàê? Òîëüêî ïîñâÿùåííûå, êòî âàðèëñÿ â òîì æå êîòëå, çíàëè, êàêîé òðóä çàòðà÷èâàëñÿ íà ïîëó÷åíèå âûñîêèõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Íàøè ñòóäåíòû ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíîãî îòäåëåíèÿ ÷åðåç 3 ìåñÿöà îáó÷åíèÿ íà ïîäôàêå âûõîäèëè â ñâîáîäíóþ ðå÷ü, à ÷åðåç 6 ìåñÿöåâ – ñëóøàëè è çàïèñûâàëè ëåêöèè ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòè. Ýòî áûë ôåíîìåí. Ìîëâà î ïîäôàêå ÅÃÌÓ ðàçíåñëàñü íå òîëüêî ïî âñåé ðåñïóáëèêå. Ìû äåëèëèñü îïûòîì íà ðåñïóáëèêàíñêîì è ìåæäóíàðîäíîì óðîâíÿõ. Ì.Ã. Àêîïîâà ñòàëà ðóêîâîäèòåëåì Ðåñïóáëèêàíñêîãî ìåòîäîáúåäèíåíèÿ ïðåïîäàâàòåëåé ðóññêîãî êàê íåðîäíîãî. Ðóñèñòû âñåõ íåÿçûêîâûõ âóçîâ ðåñïóáëèêè øëè ê íàì, êàê â õðàì, èáî ïåðâûå ðàçðàáîòêè êàëåíäàðíî-òåìàòè÷åñêèõ ïëàíîâ, ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ óêàçàíèé è ó÷åáíûõ ïîñîáèé áûëè àïðîáèðîâàíû íà íàøåé êàôåäðå. Ðàáîòàë îäèí ñëàæåííûé îðãàíèçì, ãäå êàæäûé çíàë, ÷òî îí äåëàåò. Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, îðãàíèçóåìûå êàôåäðîé – Áðåéí-ðèíãè, Âå÷åðà ðóññêîé ïîýçèè, Âå÷åðà èíòåðíàöèîíàëüíîé äðóæáû, Ðóññêèé ÷àé, Îëèìïèàäû ïî ðóññêîìó

ÿçûêó – áûëè óäîñòîåíû íàèëó÷øèõ ïîõâàë è ãðàìîò ñî ñòîðîíû Ðîññèéñêîãî è Àðìÿíñêîãî ðóêîâîäñòâà. Êàôåäðà ÿçûêîâ äëÿ èíîñòðàííûõ ó÷àùèõñÿ ñòàëà êîíêóðåíòíîñïîñîáíîé – ñâèäåòåëüñòâîì òîìó îòçûâû ëó÷øèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ÌÃÓ èìåíè Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, Èíñòèòóòà ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà èìåíè À. Ïóøêèíà, êîòîðûå áûëè íàøèìè ÷àñòûìè ãîñòÿìè, èáî ìåæäó Èíñòèòóòîì ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà è ÅÃÌÓ èì.Ìõ. Ãåðàöè áûë çàêëþ÷åí äîãîâîð î òåñíûõ íàó÷íûõ êîíòàêòàõ (Îñèïîâà Å.Ã, Ñóðìîíèíà, Ìîòèíà – çàâ.îòäåëàìè ìåòîäè÷åñêîé ïîìîùè Èíñòèòóòà ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà èì. À. Ïóøêèíà). È âñå ýòî – ðåçóëüòàò íåñòàíäàðòíûõ, êîíñòðóêòèâíûõ è ñâîåâðåìåííûõ ðåøåíèé íàøåãî ðóêîâîäñòâà! Íàø ìíîãîóâàæàåìûé ðåêòîð Âèëåí Ïàðóéðîâè÷ Àêîïÿí ïðè âñåé ñâîåé çàíÿòîñòè ïðèñóòñòâîâàë ëè÷íî íà ìíîãèõ âûïóñêàõ èíòåíñèâà è ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ, îðãàíèçóåìûõ êàôåäðîé ñ ó÷àñòèåì èíîñòðàííûõ ñòóäåíòîâ. Äà, ìû, äåéñòâèòåëüíî, çàæèãàëè çâåçäû. Íàøè ñòóäåíòû ïîðàæàëè ñâîáîäíûì âëàäåíèåì ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà íå òîëüêî íàñ, íî è ìîñêîâñêèõ ó÷èòåëåé, èáî îíè åçäèëè â Ìîñêâó íà Ìåæäóíàðîäíûå îëèìïèàäû ïî ðóññêîìó ÿçûêó è âñåãäà äåðæàëè ìàðêó óíèâåðñèòåòà âûñîêî. Â ýòîì áûëà çàñëóãà âñåõ, êòî íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïðèíèìàë ó÷àñòèå â îáùåé ðàáîòå –çàâåäóþùèõ îòäåëîì ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ îòíîøåíèé óíèâåðñèòåòà ãîñï. Ñ. Ìàéðàïåòÿíà, Á.Í. Õóäàâåðäÿíà, À.Ê. Øóêóðÿíà, Å.Ñ. Ñààêÿíà, äåêàíîâ ôàêóëüòåòà ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíîãî îòäåëåíèÿ è äåêàíîâ èíîñòðàííûõ ñòóäåíòîâ ÅÃÌÓ Â.À.Õîäæîÿíà, Á. Äæ. Åíîêÿíà, À. Â. Ñàðêèñÿí, Ñ. À. Àâåòèñÿíà, Ì.Ì. Ìåëêîíÿí è äð. Ñòðåìÿñü áûòü âïåðåäè, ìû øàã çà øàãîì ïîäíèìàëè ïëàíêó. Ì. Ã. áûëà íàøèì êîîðäèíàöèîííûì öåíòðîì ýòîé ðàáîòû. Îíà ñ ëåãêîñòüþ áðàëàñü çà ñàìûå ñëîæíûå ïîðó÷åíèÿ, íèêîãäà íå óñëîæíÿÿ ïðîñòîãî è íå óïðîùàÿ ñåðüåçíîãî; ïîìîãàëà êàæäîìó, êòî ê íåé îáðàùàëñÿ, ïîìîãàëà ðåàëüíî, ïîýòîìó ñíèñêàëà çàñëóæåííûé àâòîðèòåò îò ìàëà äî âåëèêà. Ìû áûëè ñ÷àñòëèâû ðàáîòàòü ïîä Âàøèì ðóêîâîäñòâîì, äîðîãàÿ Ìàäëåíà Ãåîðãèåâíà, ïîòîìó ÷òî Âû óïðàâëÿëè è âíèêàëè, ñïðàøèâàëè è ïðèñëóøèâàëèñü, òðåáîâàëè, íî ó÷èòûâàëè. Ñïàñèáî Âàì çà òîò ïðåêðàñíûé ïåðèîä æèçíè, êîòîðûé êîìåòîé ïðîñêî÷èë è îñòàâèë íåèçãëàäèìûé ñëåä â íàøèõ äóøàõ. Ñ.Ð. Íàëáàíäÿí êàíäèäàò ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, äîöåíò

²ä²¶² ´ÄÆÞÎ ²åñÇÉ 2014 N 5 (1299)

×åðåç òåðíèè ê çâåçäàì...

Ì.Ã. Àêîïîâà – îñíîâàòåëü êàôåäðû ÿçûêîâ äëÿ èíîñòðàííûõ ó÷àùèõñÿ, àâòîð áîëåå 150 íàó÷íûõ ðàáîò è àâòîðñêèõ ñâèäåòåëüñòâ, àâòîð êîìïëåêñíîé ìåòîäèêè îáó÷åíèÿ ðóññêîìó êàê èíîñòðàííîìó, âêëþ÷àþùåé â ñåáÿ òðàäèöèîííûå è èíòåíñèâíûå ìåòîäû îáó÷åíèÿ. Ì.Ã. Àêîïîâà - íåçàóðÿäíåéøèé ÷åëîâåê, íåïîäðàæàåìûé îðãàíèçàòîð è ãðàìîòíåéøàÿ ëè÷íîñòü. Ìíå ïîñ÷àñòëèâèëîñü ðàáîòàòü ñ Ìàäëåíîé Ãåîðãèåâíîé Àêîïîâîé ñ íà÷àëà îñíîâàíèÿ êàôåäðû ÿçûêîâ äëÿ èíîñòðàííûõ ó÷àùèõñÿ – 1981 ã. Îá èñòîðèè íàøåé êàôåäðû ìîæíî íàïèñàòü êíèãó «Êàê çàêàëÿåòñÿ ñòàëü», èáî Ìàäëåíà Ãåîðãèåâíà âûðàñòèëà è âîñïèòàëà öåëóþ øêîëó îáðàçîâàííûõ, ãðàìîòíûõ, ìåòîäè÷åñêè ïîäêîâàííûõ, ïðåäàííûõ ñâîåìó äåëó è óíèâåðñèòåòó ðóñèñòîâ, è íå òîëüêî... Íà íàøåé êàôåäðå ïðîøëè áîåâîå êðåùåíèå ìíîãèå ïðåïîäàâàòåëè íûíåøíåé êàôåäðû àðìÿíñêîãî ÿçûêà. Ëþáîé íîâè÷îê ïðîõîäèë, êàê â ìîíàñòûðå Øàîëèíü, ðÿä èñïûòàíèé è ïîòîì ïîëó÷àë ñâîé êîðè÷íåâûé èëè ÷åðíûé ïîÿñ ïî ïðîôåññèîíàëèçìó. Ì.Ã. Àêîïîâà íå ïîëó÷àëà ãîòîâûõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ, îíà ñàìà èõ ôîðìèðîâàëà. Óëûáêà, ñ êîòîðîé ìû áðàëèñü çà ñàìûå ñåðüåçíûå äåëà, ââîäèëà ìíîãèõ â çàáëóæäåíèå. Åå âñåãäà îòëè÷àëà âûñîêàÿ òðåáîâàòåëüíîñòü ê ñåáå, ê ñâîåìó áëèçêîìó îêðóæåíèþ è îäíîâðåìåííî îòâåòñòâåííîñòü çà êàæäîãî, êòî íàõîäèëñÿ ðÿäîì ñ íåé. Ì. Ã. Àêîïîâà áûëà íå ïðîñòî ðóêîâîäèòåëåì, à ïðîñâåòèòåëåì, èáî íåñëà â ñåáå âñå ñàìîå ïðîãðåññèâíîå, îíà óìåëà óáåæäàòü íåêîìïåòåíòíûõ è äåëàòü èõ ñâîèìè ñòîðîííèêàìè. Ìû ñòîÿëè çà íåé, êàê çà ãîðîé, óâåðåííûå â òîì, ÷òî çà ÷òî áû ìû íè âçÿëèñü, ó íàñ îáÿçàòåëüíî âñå ïîëó÷èòñÿ. Êàôåäðà, áóäó÷è íåïðîôèëèðóþùåé, èìåëà äâóõ öåëåâûõ àñïèðàíòîâ, êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê ïî ìåòîäèêå ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ ÐÊÈ, ÷üè íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ íîñèëè ïðèêëàäíîé õàðàêòåð è íåïîñðåäñòâåííî áûëè ñâÿçàíû ñ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûìè íàó÷íûìè òåìàìè óíèâåðñèòåòà. Âñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü äèññåðòàöèé ïðîâîäèëàñü íà êàôåäðå Ì.Ã. Àêîïîâîé ïîä åå íåïîñðåäñòâåííûì ðóêîâîäñòâîì. Ðóêîâîäèòü, ó Àêîïîâîé, îçíà÷àëî ó÷èòü âñåìó, ÷åìó íå äîó÷èëè â âóçå, ïîäíèìàòü è ðàçâèâàòü ðåçåðâ êàê ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ, òàê è ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ êà÷åñòâ, ñîçäàâàòü ôåéåðâåðêè ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ýìîöèé ïðè ñàìûõ èíòåíñèâíûõ íàãðóçêàõ. Èáî, êàê ñ÷èòàëà Ìàäëåíà Ãåîðãèåâíà: «Ãîâîðèòü ïî-ðóññêè–ýòî åùå íå çíà÷èò áûòü ôèëîëîãîì, ïðåïîäàâàòü ëþáóþ äèñöèïëèíó– íå çíà÷èò áûòü ìåòîäèñòîì». Ì.Ã. Àêîïîâà îáëàäàëà íåâåðîÿòíûìè ñïîñîáíîñòÿìè ñïëîòèòü êîëëåêòèâ,

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²ä²¶² ´ÄÆÞÎ ²åñÇÉ 2014 N 5 (1299)

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HAKOB ARAKELYAN The article is devoted to the associate professor Hakob Arakelyan who has worked At YSMU for 50 years and was the head of the Latin and Foreign Languages Chair. He has developed a new method of learning and studying anatomical, pharmacological and clinical Latin terminology.

²ä²¶² ´ÄÆÞÎ ²åñÇÉ 2014 N 5 (1299)

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INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION PROCESS IN YSMU This article is based on the interview with Dr.. Yervand Sahakyan, YSMU Vice-R Rector for External Affairs and International Partnerships This was a long, yet quite comprehensive interview, providing a thorough coverage of all those key issues which are related to the accreditation process in our University. The first question addressed by Dr. Sahakyan reflected upon the strategy of process of international accreditation in our University. In particular, Dr. Sahakyan stated that the accreditation is currently being achieved in accordance with the requirements of Armenian laws on higher professional education grounded upon the Bologna Declaration. The ultimate goal of this process is the integration of a range of educational institutions of the European Union member states, inter alia those of the Republic of Armenia, into the European Higher Education Area. A key feature of this integration shall be mutually recognised and compatible educational programme and educational quality. Both domestic resources in terms of national qualification organisation as well as external resources, i.e. independent specialised institutions are engaged in driving forward the delivery of the accreditation. Back in 2013, International Expert Committee conducted institutional and programme-based study in YSMU. The findings revealed that certain activities of various university sectors; including the international sphere, do not meet relevant European standards. Furthermore, Dr. Sahakyan outlined a number of main issues, which the Committee had highlighted with regard to internationalisation. He underlined a major provision reflected in the conclusion of the

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expert committee which is relatively challenging when it comes to implementation. Under this provision it is established that all students should leave for studies abroad from 3 to 6 months. Moreover, the same assertion is made in respect of the university faculty. This is a specific requirement that all the students engage in an exchange programme for at least one term, and then transfer the academic credits to our University. There are numerous challenges on the pathway of meeting such requirements; we should rather overcome these obstacles than cite them as mitigating factors before the European experts. In 2013 the Strategic Plan on Streamlining University External Relations and Profile Internationalization was designed based on the requirements of the conclusion, which was made by the International Accreditation Expert Committee. The mechanisms and the time line of the implementation of this plan were as well developed, and it was further submitted to the University Scientific Council for approval. Making reference to international projects in which YSMU has been involved since 2013, Dr. Sahakyan stated that these projects are financed by the European Union, yet they are not designed to provide extensive opportunities for multiple exchange programmes. He noted that the most straight forward delivery of exchange programmes can be made possible through direct inter-university cooperation. The exchange proposals we make are readily accepted by various universities; moreover, we do receive

such proposals quite often. Yet, when paper-based schemes are to be put into practice, followed by submission of our academic programmes and curricula, it seems to be very difficult and even impossible to achieve these goals. In accordance with the decision made by the University Scientific Council new curricula and academic programmes are to be designed which will be compatible with those of medical education institutions of European countries. To note, one of the requirements of the Expert Committee has already been met in terms of launching the website of the Career Centre. Until recently our University has duly responded to various challenges ranging from training qualified medical staff for our country, ensuring provision of high quality medical healthcare to advancing medical sciences, promoting the financial stability of the University and gaining worldwide acclaim. But now is the time (and not only for us, but also for the majority of higher education institutions in our country) when we have to integrate into international platform of institutional consortium with shared interests and goals, and we should ultimately acknowledge that advancement can be made possible only through integration, mutual contributions and sharing of best practice.

Arshile Gorky Armenian by birth, great painter Arshile Gorky (Vostanik Manuk Adoian) was born on April 15, 1904, in the village of Khorgom, situated on the shores of Lake Van in the Ottoman Empire. In later years he was vague about his date of birth, changing it from year to year. In 1908 his father emigrated to America to avoid the draft, leaving his family behind in the town of Van. In 1915 Gorky fled Lake Van during the Armenian Genocide and escaped with his mother and his three sisters into Russian-controlled territory. In the aftermath of the genocide, Gorky's mother died of starvation inYerevan in 1919. Arriving in America in 1920, the 16-year

old Gorky was reunited with his father, but they never grew close. In the process of reinventing his identity, he changed his name to "Arshile Gorky", claiming to be a Georgian noble (taking the Georgian name Arshile/Archil), and even telling people he was a relative of the Russian writer Maxim Gorky. In 1922, Gorky enrolled in the New School of Design in Boston, eventually becoming a part-time instructor. During the early 1920s he was influenced by Impressionism, although later in the decade he produced works that were more postimpressionist. During this time he was living in New York and was influenced by Paul Cezanne. In 1925 he was asked by Edmund Greacen of the Grand Central Art Galleries to teach at the Grand Central School of Art; Gorky accepted and remained with them until 1931. Notable paintings from this time include Landscape in the Manner of Cezanne (1927) and Landscape, Staten Island (19271928). At the close of the

1920s and into the 1930s he experimented with cubism, eventually moving to surrealism. The canvas Portrait of Master Bill appears to depict Gorky's friend, Willem de Kooning. De Kooning said: "I met a lot of artists - but then I met Gorky... He had an extraordinary gift for hitting the nail on the head; remarkable. So I immediately attached myself to him and we became very good friends. It was nice to be foreigners meeting in some new place." When Gorky showed his new work to Andre Breton in the 1940s, after seeing the new paintings and in particular The Liver is the Cock's Comb, Breton declared the painting to be "one of the most important paintings made in America" and he stated that Gorky was a Surrealist, which was Breton's highest compliment. In 1941, Gorky met and married Agnes 'Mougouch' Magruder (1921-2013), daughter of Admiral John H. Magruder. They had two daughters together. From 1946, Gorky suffered a series of crises: his studio barn burned down, he underwent a colostomy for cancer, and Mougouch had an affair with Roberto Matta. In 1948, his neck was broken and his painting arm temporarily paralyzed in a car accident, and his wife left him, taking their children with her. She later married the British writer and war hero, Xan Fielding. Gorky hanged himself in Sherman, Connecticut, in 1948, at the age of 44. He is buried in North Cemetery in Sherman, Connecticut.

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lthough Armenians were second class citizens in the Ottoman Empire, they lived in relative harmony with Turks for centuries before the forces of nationalism transformed the situation. Armenians were known as the "loyal group". During these times, although Armenians were not equal and had to put up with certain special hardships, taxes and second class citizenship, they were pretty well accepted and there was relatively little violent conflict. Things began to change for a number of reasons. Nationalism, a new force in the world, reared its head and made ethnic groupings selfconscious, and the Ottoman Empire began to crumble. It became known as "the sick man of Europe" and the only thing holding it together was the European powers' lack of agreement on how to split it up.As other Christian minorities gained their independence one by one, the Armenians became more isolated as the only major Christian minority. Armenians and Turks began to have conflicting dreams of the future. Some Armenians began to call for independence like the Greeks and others had already received, while some Turks began to envision a new Pan-Turkic empire spreading all the way to Turkic speaking parts of Central Asia. Armenians were the only ethnic group in between these two major pockets of Turkish speakers and the nationalist Turks wanted to get rid of them alto-

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gether. As European powers began to ask for assurances that Armenians receive better treatment, the government began to treat the Armenians worse and worse. From 1894-6 hundreds of thousands of Armenians died in the Hamidian Massacres ordered by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. A coup by 'progressive' Young Turks in 1908 replacing the Sultans government was supported by Armenians. Unfortunately, promised reforms never came, and in fact a triumvirate of extreme Turkish nationalists took complete dictatorial control, Enver, Jemal and Talat. It was they who mas-

terminded the plan to completely eradicate the Armenian race in a step towards fulfilling their pan-Turkic dreams. The plan was simple and its goal was clear. On April 24th 1915, commemorated worldwide by Armenians as Genocide Memorial Day, hundreds of Armenian leaders were murdered in Istanbul after being summoned and gathered. The now leaderless Armenian people were to follow. Across the Ottoman Empire (with the exception of Constantinople, presumably due to a large foreign presence), the same events transpired from village to village, from province to province.

The remarkable thing about the following events is the virtually complete cooperation of the Armenians. For a number of reasons they did not know what was planned for them and went along with "their" government's plan to "relocate them for their own good." First, the Armenians were asked to turn in hunting weapons for the war effort. Communities were often given quotas and would have to buy additional weapons from Turks to meet their quota. Later, the government would claim these weapons were proof that Armenians were about to rebel. The able bodied men were then "drafted" to help in the wartime effort. These men were either immediately killed or were worked to death. Now the villages and towns, with only women, children, and elderly left were systematically emptied. The remaining residents would be told to gather for a temporary relocation and to only bring what they could carry. The Armenians again obediently followed instructions and were "escorted" by Turkish Gendarmes in death marches. The death marches led across Anatolia, and the purpose was clear. The Armenians were raped, starved, dehydrated, murdered, and kidnapped along the way. The Turkish Gendarmes either led these atrocities or turned a blind eye. Their eventual destination for resettlement was just as telling in revealing the Turkish governments goal: the Syrian Desert, Der Zor. Those who miraculously survived the march would arrive to this bleak desert only to be killed upon arrival or to somehow survive until a way to escape the empire was found. Usually those that survived and escaped received assistance from those who have come to be known as "good Turks," from foreign missionaries who recorded much of these events and from Arabs. On the 50th anniversary of the genocide, the scattered survivors of the genocide and their children around the world began commemorating the genocide on April 24th, the day which marked the start of the fullscale massacres in 1915. Many Armenian Genocide Monuments have been built around the world since, as well as smaller plaques and dedications.

The Turkish government has in the past few decades been denying that a genocide ever occurred and spending millions of dollars to further that view. This is adding insult to injury and will cause bad feelings to continue much longer than would otherwise be the case between the peoples. Those who say forget about it, it is in the past, are wrong. Unless crimes like this are faced up to and compensated for, they will be committed again and again by people who do not fear prosecution or justice. As a response to the continuing denial of the Armenian Genocide by the Turkish State, many activists among Armenian Diaspora communities have pushed for formal recognition of the Armenian genocide from various governments around the world. 22 countries and 42 US states have adopted resolutions acknowledging the Armenian Genocide as a bona fide historical event. On 4 March 2010, a US congressional panel narrowly voted that the incident was indeed genocide; within minutes the Turkish government issued a statement critical of "this resolution which accuses the Turkish nation of a crime has not committed". The Armenian Assembly of America (AAA) and the single largest organisation with the AAA the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) have as their main lobbying agenda to press Congress and the President of the United States for an increase of economic aid for Armenia (already the

second largest per capita after Israel) and the reduction of economic and military assistance for Turkey. The efforts also include reaffirmation of a genocide by Ottoman Turkey in 1915. Despite his previous public recognition and support of Genocide bills, as well as the election campaign promises to formally recognize the Armenian Genocide, the US President, Barack Obama, although repeating that his views on the issue have not changed, has thus far abstained from using the term "Genocide". On 24 April commemoration speeches President Obama has yet referred to the Armenian Genocide only by the Armenian synonym Metz Eghern . Over 135 memorials, spread across 25 countries, commemorate the Armenian Genocide. In 1965, the 50th anniversary of the genocide, a 24-hour mass protest was initiated in Yerevan demanding recognition of the Armenian Genocide by Soviet authorities. The memorial was completed two years later, at Tsitsernakaberd above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. The 44 metres stele symbolizes the national rebirth of Armenians. Each 24 April, hundreds of thousands of people walk to the genocide monument and lay flowers around the eternal flame.

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Tsitsernakaberd Museum Titsernakaberd Memorial Complex in Yerevan is dedicated to the memory of the 1.5 million Armenians who perished in the first genocide of the 20th century, at the hands of the Turkish government. Completed in 1967, the Genocide Monument has since become a pilgrimage site and an integral part of Yerevan's architecture. Set high on a hill, dominating the landscape, it is in perfect harmony with its surroundings. The austere outlines convey the spirit of the nation that survived a ruthless campaign of extermination. The complex occupies 4500 square meters of territory and consists of three main buildings: the Memorial Wall, the Sanctuary of Eternity (Memorial Hall & Eternal Flame) and the Memorial Column "The Reborn Armenia." Before reaching the central part of the monument, visitors first observe a 100-meter long basalt Memorial Wall with the names of cities engraved in stone. The names also include the Armenian populations that were massacred by Turks during the Genocide campaign. Since 1996, the last portion of the Memorial Wall houses glass casings that contain soil taken from the tombs of political, and intellectual figures who raised their protest against the Genocide committed against the Armenians by the Turks. Among them are Armin Wegner, Hedvig Bull, Henry Morgenthau, Franz Werfel, Yohannes Lepsius, James Bryce, Anatol France, Jakomo Gorini, Benedict XV, Fritioff Nansen, Fayez El Husseyn. At the center of the Monument stands the circular Memorial Sanctuary. Its unroofed walls consist of twelve, tall, inward-leaning basalt slabs forming a circle. The shape of these walls simulates traditional Armenian khatchkars, which are stone slabs with large carved crosses at the center. These slabs also suggest figures

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in mourning. The level of the floor of the Genocide Monument is set at one and a half meters lower than the walkway. At its center, there is an eternal flame which memorializes all the victims of the Genocide. The steps leading down to the eternal flame are steep, thus requiring visitors to bow their heads reverently as they descend. From 1988-1990 the Khatchkars (Cross-Stones) were mounted in the vicinity of the Genocide Monument to commemorate Armenians massacred in the 1980s by the Azeri government, in the Azerbaijani cities of Sumgait, Kirovabad (Ganzak) and Baku. In 1995, the Museum and Institute (architects S. Kalashyan, L. Mkrtchyan, A. Tarkhanyan, sculptor F. Arakelyan) was built near Tsisernakaberd to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. Today, the Museum and Institute functions as a research center within the Armenian National Academy of Sciences.

Sardarapat Memorial Complex May has always been an interestingly victorious month for Armenian people. It's the month during which Armenians have registered some of their most important victories, among them the heroic battles of Avarayr and Shushi. Another victory that is of utmost importance to them is the one they achieved in the Battle of Sardarapat in the place of which there presently rises Sardarapat Memorial. National Museum of Armenian Ethnography and History Memorial complex of the heroic battle of Sardarapat is the museum that presents the history of the Armenian liberation movement and the glorious victory. The memorial is also a wonderful architectural complex which was opened in 1968, on the day of the 50th anniversary of Sardarapat Battle. The memorial complex has great historical significance. It completely reveals the importance of the battle of Sardarapat and the victory concluded with difficulties in such a battle which became determinant in the fate of Armenia. This heroic battle was the manifestation of the firmness and self-sacrifice of the Armenian spirit, the witness of which is the Armenian people, the people that was heroically fighting for the sake of their independence. The place of the construction of the monument also has symbolic significance. The monument complex built in accordance with particular themes and modern architectural motives is situated just in the same place of the battlefield. The memorial complex which is distinguished for the unique architectural combinations includes several structures: the Belfry, the "Victory" wall, the "Vardavar" refectory and the museum. Due to the architectural solutions the whole complex becomes meaningful by every detail. The dominant structure in this solemn monument complex is the Bell Tower, the bells of which, arranged in 2 columns, ring gloriously to greet the visitors.

Two huge winged bulls stand as the guards on the both sides of the belfry. The figures of winged bulls are the symbol of strength and loyalty in Armenia. The unique artistic architectural solutions find their continuation in the next structures of the complex. A cozy alley with the sculptures of eagles leads from the belfry to the "Victory" wall which is decorated with sculptures. It is noteworthy that the theme of eagles is seen in the other works of R. Israyelyan, the architect of the memorial complex. In this complex the eagles surely embody the heroes of the battle. The arched wall of "Victory" stretches for 55 meters. The both sides of the wall surface are decorated with the carved images and scenes revealing the episodes of the battle. The refectory named "Vardavar" is situated on the way to the building of the museum. It is also built in the Armenian medieval architectural style. The building of the museum that concludes the whole complex resembles a castle due to its architectural forms: high walls, portal, and 2 windows one looking to the Ararat Mountain, the other to Aragats. The documents and photos telling about the battle are exhibited in the exhibition halls decorated with the traditional elements of the Armenian national lifestyle. The memorial complex of unique architectural solutions is situated on the high hill at 10 km southwest from Armavir city. The architect could construct all the structures of the complex so that they express the glorious victory, the commemoration of victims and the national coloring which is mostly emphasized due to the ethnographic elements in decoration and Armenian tufa.

²ä²¶² ´ÄÆÞÎ ²åñÇÉ 2014 N 5 (1299)