Test Bank For Starting Out with Java From Control Structures through Objects, Global Edition, 2025 8

Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java TRUE/FALSE 1. Logical errors are mistakes that cause the program to produce erroneous results.

ANS: T 2. The Java Virtual Machine is a program that reads Java byte code instructions and executes them as they are read.

ANS: T 3. Colons are used to indicate the end of a Java statement.

ANS: F 4. Compiled byte code is also called source code.

ANS: F 5. Application software refers to programs that make the computer useful to the user.

ANS: T 6. Each byte is assigned a unique number known as an address.

ANS: T 7. Encapsulation refers to the combining of data and code into a single object.

ANS: T 8. Java source files end with the .class extension.

ANS: F 9. A procedure is a set of programming language statements that, together, perform a specific task.

ANS: T 10. A solid-state drive has no moving parts and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.

ANS: T 11. The computer is a tool used by so many professionals that it cannot be easily categorized.

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ANS: T 12. Without programmers, the users of computers would have no software, and, without software, computers would not be able to do anything.

ANS: T 13. The contents of a variable cannot be changed while the program is running.

ANS: F 14. Java source files end with the .class extension.

ANS: F 15. When an object's internal data is hidden from outside code and access to that data is retricted to the object's methods, the data is protected from accidental corruption.

ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. While __________ is centered on creating procedures, __________ is centered on creating objects. a. b. c. d.

procedural programming, object-oriented programming object-oriented programming, procedural programming routine programming, method programming procedural programming, class programming

ANS: A 2. RAM is usually a. b. c. d.

an input/output device a volatile type of memory, used for temporary storage secondary storage a static type of memory, used for permanent storage

ANS: B 3. The two primary methods of programming in use today are a. b. c. d.

procedural and object-oriented hardware and software practical and theoretical desktop and mobile

ANS: A 4. Validating the results of a program is important to a. b. c. d.

correct runtime errors make sure the program solves the original problem create a model of the program correct syntax error

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ANS: B 5. Software refers to a. b. c. d.

programs the physical components a computer is made of firmware data stored in RAM

ANS: A 6. An object typically hides its data but allows outside code access to a. b. c. d.

the pseudocode the methods that operate on the data private data members the data files

ANS: B 7. Variables are a. symbolic names made up by the programmer and once created, their values cannot be changed b. operators that perform operations on one or more operands c. symbolic names made up by the programmer that represent memory locations d. reserved words ANS: C 8. __________ refers to the physical components that a computer is made of. a. Input b. Main memory

c. Control unit d. Hardware

ANS: D 9. A characteristic of __________ is that only an object's methods are able to directly access and make changes to an object's data. a. classes b. procedures

c. data hiding d. component reusability

ANS: C 10. Because Java byte code is the same on all computers, compiled Java programs a. b. c. d.

are nonexistent must be re-compiled for each different machine before they can be run are highly portable cannot run on computers with different operating systems

ANS: C 11. A cross between human language and a programming language is called a. a compiler b. pseudocode

c. the Java Virtual Machine d. the Java language

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ANS: B 12. Byte code instructions are a. b. c. d.

machine code instructions syntax errors read and interpreted by the JVM another name for source code

ANS: C 13. One type of design tool used by programmers when creating a model of a program is a. the ALU b. byte code

c. syntax d. pseudocode

ANS: D 14. Keywords are a. b. c. d.

symbols or words that perform operations on one or more operands words or characters representing values that are defined by the programmer the data names in your program words that have a special meaning in the programming language

ANS: D 15. Computers can do many different jobs because they are a. programmable b. reliable

c. automated d. electronic

ANS: A 16. A(n) __________ is a software entity that contains data and procedures. a. object b. program

c. class d. method

ANS: A 17. Application software refers to a. b. c. d.

the programs that make the computer useful to the user the operating system keywords pseudocode

ANS: A 18. The end of a Java statement is indicated by a ________. a. bracket (}) b. asterisk (*)

c. semicolon (;) d. colon (:)

ANS: C 19. What is syntax? a. the rules that must be followed when writing a program

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b. the words that have a special meaning in the programming language c. the symbols or words that perform operations in a program d. the words or characters that are defined by the programmer ANS: A 20. A set of programming language statements that perform a specific task is a(n) a. pseudocode chart b. source code

c. object d. procedure

ANS: D 21. The central processing unit (CPU) consists of two parts which are a. b. c. d.

the input and output devices the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) the control unit and main memory the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and main memory

ANS: B 22. There are __________ bits in a byte. a. 4 b. 8

c. 16 d. 32

ANS: B 23. A runtime error is usually the result of a. a logical error b. a syntax error

c. a compiler error d. bad data

ANS: A 24. A(n) __________ is used to write computer programs. a. pseudocode document b. operating system

c. application d. programming language

ANS: D 25. __________ refers to the physical components that a computer is made of. a. The device b. Hardware

c. Software d. The system

ANS: B 26. A computer program is a. b. c. d.

the same as main memory only used for desktop computers a set of instructions that allow the computer to solve a problem or perform a task another name for an operating system

ANS: C 27. Which of the following is not part of the programming process?

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a. b. c. d.

defining and modeling the problem entering code and compiling it testing and debugging All of these are parts of the programming process

ANS: D 28. Computer programming is a. an art b. a science

c. both of the above d. neither of the above

ANS: C 29. The original name for Java was a. JavaScript b. HotJava

c. Elm d. Oak

ANS: D 30. A program is a sequence of instructions stored in a. the CPU c. software b. the computer's memory d. firmware ANS: B 31. Which of the following is not one of the major components of a typical computer system? a. the CPU b. input/output devices c. main memory d. secondary storage devices e. All of the above are major components ANS: E 32. Byte code instructions are a. another name for source code b. syntax errors c. machine code instructions d. read and interpreted by the JVM ANS: D 33. Which of the following is a software entity that contains data and procedures? a. a method c. a class b. an object d. a program ANS: B 34. Each different type of CPU has its own a. syntax b. firmware

c. machine language d. software

ANS: C 35. Internally, the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two parts which are __________ a. the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

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b. the control unit and main memory c. the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) and main memory d. the input and output devices ANS: A 36. Java was developed by a. Microsoft b. IBM

c. Sun Microsystems d. Hewlett-Packard

ANS: C 37. Which of the following will compile a program called ReadIt? a. java ReadIt.java c. javac ReadIt.java b. java ReadIt.javac d. javac ReadIt.javac ANS: C 38. Which of the following will run the compiled program called ReadIt? a. java ReadIt.java c. run ReadIt b. java ReadIt d. go ReadIt ANS: B

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals TRUE/FALSE 1. Programming style includes techniques for consistently putting spaces and indentation in a program to help create visual cues.

ANS: T 2. Both character and string literals can be assigned to a char variable.

ANS: F 3. A variable's scope is the part of the program that has access to that variable.

ANS: T 4. Named constants are initialized with a value and that value cannot change during the execution of the program.

ANS: T 5. When you call one of the Scanner class's methods to read a primitive value, such as nextInt or nextDouble, and then call the nextLine method to read a string, an annoying and hard-to-find problem can occur.

ANS: T 6. Class names and keywords are examples of variables.

ANS: F 7. The Java API provides a class named Math that contains numerous methods which are useful for performing complex mathematical operations.

ANS: T 8. The System.out.printf method allows you to format output in a variety of ways.

ANS: T 9. A Java program will not compile unless it contains the correct line numbers.

ANS: F 10. Java is not case sensitive.

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ANS: F 11. If the compiler encounters a statement that uses a variable before the variable is declared, an error will result.

ANS: T 12. If you use the var keyword to declare a variable, you cannot initialize the variable with a value.

ANS: F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is a value that is written into the code of a program? a. a literal b. an assignment statement

c. an operator d. a variable

ANS: A 2. A Java program must have at least one of the following: a. b. c. d.

a comment a class definition a System.out.println(); statement a variable declaration

ANS: B 3. Which of the following would contain the translated Java byte code for a program named Demo? a. Demo.java c. Demo.class b. Demo.code d. Demo.byte ANS: C 4. Which of the following is a named storage location in the computer's memory? a. a literal b. an operator

c. a constant d. a variable

ANS: D 5. Which of the following is not a valid Java comment? a. /** Comment one */ b. */ Comment two /*

c. // Comment three d. /* Comment four */

ANS: B 6. To compile a program named First you would use which of the following commands? a. java First.java c. javac First.java javac First b. d. compile First.javac ANS: C

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7. A Java source file must be saved with the extension a. .java b. .javac

c. .src d. .class

ANS: A 8. Which of the following is not a rule that must be followed when naming identifiers? a. After the first character, you may use the letters a-z, A-Z, an underscore, a dollar sign, or the digits 0-9. b. Identifiers can contain spaces. c. Uppercase and lowercase characters are distinct. d. The first character must be one of the letters a-z, A-Z, an underscore, or a dollar sign.

ANS: B 9. Character literals are enclosed in __________ and string literals are enclosed in __________. a. b. c. d.

single quotes, double quotes double quotes, single quotes single quotes, single quotes double quotes, double quotes

ANS: A 10. Variables are classified according to their a. names b. values

c. locations d. data types

ANS: D 11. What is the result of the following expression?

17 % 3 * 2 - 12 + 15 a. 105

b. 12

c. 7

d. 8

c. 5

d. 25

ANS: C 12. What is the result of the following expression?

10 + 5 * 3 - 20 a. -5

b. -50

ANS: C 13. In the following Java statement, what value is stored in the variable name?

String name = "John Doe"; a. b. c. d.

"name" the memory address where "John Doe" is located the memory address where name is located John Doe

ANS: B

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14. What is the value of z after the following statements have been executed? int x = 4, y = 33; double z; z = (double) (y / x); a. 8.25

b. 4

c. 0

d. 8.0

ANS: D 15. What output will be displayed as a result of executing the following code? int x = 5, y = 20; x += 32; y /= 4; System.out.println("x = " + x + ", y = " + y); a. b. c. d.

x = 160, y = 80 x = 32, y = 4 x = 37, y = 5 x = 9, y = 52

ANS: C 16. Which of the following statements will correctly convert the data type, if x is a float and y is a double? a. x = float y; b. x = <float>y;

c. x = (float)y; d. x = y;

ANS: C 17. Which of the following statements is invalid? a. double r = 9.4632E15; b. double r = 9.4632e15;

c. double r = 2.9X106; d. double r = 326.75;

ANS: C 18. To print "Hello, world" on the monitor, which of the following Java statements should be used? a. b. c. d.

System.out.println("Hello, world"); System Print = "Hello, world"; SystemOutPrintln('Hello, world'); system.out.println(Hello, world);

ANS: A 19. The boolean data type may contain which of the following range of values? a. b. c. d.

-128 to + 127 true or false -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647 -32,768 to +32,767

ANS: B

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20. Variables of the boolean data type are useful for a. b. c. d.

evaluating conditions that are either true or false working with small integers working with very large integers evaluating scientific notation

ANS: A 21. What would be displayed as a result of executing the following code? int x = 578; System.out.print("There are " + x + 5 + "\n" + "hens in the hen house."); a. There are 583 hens in the hen house. b. There are 5785 hens in the hen house. c. There are x5\nhens in the hen house. d. There are 5785 hens in the hen house.

ANS: B 22. What would be displayed as a result of executing the following code? final int x = 22, y = 4; y += x; System.out.println("x = " + x + ", y = " + y) a. x = 22, y = 26 b. x = 22, y = 4

c. x = 22, y = 88 d. Nothing. There is an error in the code.

ANS: D 23. What would be displayed as a result of executing the following code? int x = 15, y = 20, z = 32; x += 12; y /= 6; z -= 14; System.out.println("x = " + x + ", y = " + y + ", z = " + z); a. b. c. d.

x = 27, y = 3.333, z = 18 x = 27, y = 2, z = 18 x = 37, y = -14, z = 4 x = 27, y = 3, z = 18

ANS: D 24. What is the value of z after the following code is executed? int x = 5, y = 28; float z; z = (float) (y / x);

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a. 5.6

b. 3.0

c. 5.0

d. 5.60

ANS: C 25. Which of the following statements correctly creates a Scanner object for keyboard input? a. b. c. d.

Scanner kbd = new Scanner(System.keyboard); Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); Scanner keyboard(System.in); Keyboard scanner = new Keyboard(System.in);

ANS: B 26. Which Scanner class method reads a String? a. nextLine b. charAt

c. nextString d. getLine

ANS: A 27. The primitive data types only allow a(n) __________ to hold a single value. a. class b. literal

c. object d. variable

ANS: D 28. In Java, __________ must be declared before they can be used. a. variables c. keywords b. literals d. comments ANS: A 29. If the following Java statements are executed, what will be displayed?

System.out.println("The top three winners are\n"); System.out.print("Jody, the Giant\n"); System.out.print("Buffy, the Barbarian"); System.out.println("Adelle, the Alligator"); a. The top three winners are Jody, the Giant Buffy, the Barbarian Adelle, the Alligator b. The top three winners are Jody, the Giant\nBuffy, the BarbarianAdelle, and the Albino c. The top three winners are Jody, the Giant\nBuffy, the BarbarianAdelle, the Alligator d. The top three winners are Jody, the Giant Buffy, the BarbarianAdelle, the Alligator ANS: D 30. A value that is written into the code of a program is a(n) __________. a. literal c. variable

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b. assignment statement

d. operator

ANS: A 31. When the + operator is used with strings, it is known as the a. assignment operator c. addition operator b. string concatenation operator d. combines assignment operator ANS: B 32. What would be printed out as a result of the following code?

System.out.println("The quick brown fox" + "jumped over the \n" "slow moving hen."); a. The quick brown fox jumped over the \nslow moving hen. b. The quick brown fox jumped over the slow moving hen. c. The quick brown fox jumped over the slow moving hen. d. Nothing - this is an error ANS: D 33. Which of the following is not a rule that must be followed when naming identifiers? a. The first character must be one of the letters a-z, A-Z, and underscore or a dollar sign. b. Identifiers can contain spaces. c. Uppercase and lowercase characters are distinct. d. After the first character, you may use the letters a-z, A-Z, the underscore, a dollar sign, or digits 0-9.

ANS: B 34. Which of the following cannot be used as identifiers in Java? a. variable names c. keywords b. class names d. objects ANS: C 35. Which of the following is not a primitive data type? a. short c. float b. long d. string ANS: D 36. Which of the following is valid? a. float y; y = 54.9; b. float y; double z; z = 934.21; y = z;

c. float w; w = 1.0f; d. float v; v = 1.0

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ANS: C 37. If x has been declared an int, which of the following statements is invalid? a. x = 0; c. x = 1,000; b. x = -59832; d. x = 592 ANS: C 38. To display the output on the next line, you can use the println method or use the __________ escape sequence in the print method. a. \n b. \r c. \t d. \b ANS: A 39. Every Java application program must have a. a class named MAIN b. a method named main

c. at least two data types d. integer variables

ANS: B 40. What will be displayed as a result of executing the following code? int x = 6; String msg = "I am enjoying this class."; String msg1 = msg.toUpperCase(); String msg2 = msg.toLowerCase(); char ltr = msg.charAt(x); int strSize = msg.length(); System.out.println(msg); System.out.println(msg1); System.out.println(msg2); System.out.println("Character at index x = " + ltr); System.out.println("msg has " + strSize + "characters."); a. I am enjoying this class.

I AM ENJOYING THIS CLASS. i am enjoying this class.

Character at index x = e msg has 24 characters.

c. I am enjoying this class.

I AM ENJOYING THIS CLASS. i am enjoying this class.

Character at index x = n msg has 24 characters.

b. I am enjoying this class.

I AM ENJOYING THIS CLASS. i am enjoying this class.

Character at index x = e msg has 25 characters.

d. I am enjoying this class.

I AM ENJOYING THIS CLASS. i am enjoying this class.

Character at index x = n msg has 25characters.

ANS: D 41. What will be displayed as a result of executing the following code? public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { int value1 = 9; System.out.println(value1);

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int value2 = 45; System.out.println(value2); System.out.println(value3); value = 16; } } a. 9 45 16

c. 9 45 16

b. 94516

d. Nothing. This is an error

ANS: D 42. This is an interactive program that lets you enter Java programming statements and immediately see each statement's results. a. b. c. d.

PowerShell JShell JavaShell JTerminal

ANS: B 43. If you use this keyword to declare a local variable, you do not have to specify the variable's data type. a. b. c. d.

var auto type local

ANS: A 44. How would you rewrite the following statement using the word var to declare the variable? int value = 99; a. b. c. d.

var int value = 99; int var value = 99; var value = 99; var value; value = 99;

ANS: C

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 3 Decision Structures TRUE/FALSE 1. Programs never need more than one path of execution.

ANS: F 2. The if-else statement will execute one group of statements if its boolean expression is true or another group if its boolean expression is false.

ANS: T 3. In a switch statement, if two different values for the CaseExpression would result in the same code being executed, you must have two copies of the code, one after each CaseExpression.

ANS: F 4. All it takes for an OR expression to be true is for one of the subexpressions to be true.

ANS: T 5. All it takes for an AND expression to be true is for one of the subexpressions to be true.

ANS: F 6. When two strings are compared using the String class's compareTo method, the comparison is not case sensitive.

ANS: F 7. When testing for character values, the switch statement does not test for the case of the character.

ANS: F 8. If the expression on the left side of the && operator is false, the expression on the right side will not be checked.

ANS: T 9. Unicode is an international encoding system that is extensive enough to represent all the characters of all the world's alphabets.

ANS: T 10. A local variable's scope always ends at the closing brace of the block of code in which it is declared.

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ANS: T 11. When testing for character values, the switch statement does not test for the case of the character.

ANS: F 12. In a switch statement, each of the case values must be unique.

ANS: T 13. The String.format method works exactly like the System.out.printf method, except that it does not display the formatted string on the screen.

ANS: T 14. The System.out.printf method formats a string and displays it in the console window.

ANS: T 15. When you write a switch statement using arrow case syntax, you must have a break statement in each case section.

ANS: F 16. In the following statement, the switch expression is written correctly. message = switch(statusCode) { case 200 -> statusType = "Successful"; yield "OK"; case 404 -> statusType = "Client Error"; yield "Not Found"; default -> statusType = "Unsupported"; yield "Unknown Status"; }; ANS: F 17. If you are using a recent version of Java, you can specify multiple values in a case statement.

ANS: T 18. A switch expression must have case statements that cover every possible value of the testExpression.

ANS: T

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19. If a switch expression is not exhaustive, an error will occur while the program is running.

ANS: F

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In an if-else statement, if the boolean expression is false then a. b. c. d.

no statements or blocks are executed the statement or block following the else is executed the first statement or block is executed all the statements or blocks are executed

ANS: B 2. The switch statement is a a. b. c. d.

multiple alternative decision structure nested decision structure sequence structure test expression

ANS: A 3. __________ operators are used to determine whether a specific relationship exists between two values. a. Assignment b. Arithmetic

c. Logical d. Relational

ANS: D 4. If str1 and str2 are both String objects, which of the following expressions will correctly determine whether or not they are equal? a. str1 = str2 b. str1 && str2

c. str1.equals(str2) d. str1 += str2

ANS: C 5. Which of the following expressions could be used to perform a case-insensitive comparison of two String objects named str1 and str2? a. b. c. d.

str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2) str1.equalsInsensitive(str2) str1 != str2 str1 || str2

ANS: A 6. A block of code is enclosed in a set of a. braces, { } b. parentheses, ( )

c. brackets, [ ] d. double quotes, " "

ANS: A

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7. The boolean expression in an if statement must evaluate to a. degrees or radians b. true or false

c. positive or negative d. left or right

ANS: B 8. A flag may have the values a. defined or undefined b. true or false

c. of any range of integers d. of any Unicode character

ANS: B 9. What will be the values of ans, x, and y after the following statements are executed? int ans = 35, x = 50, y = 50; if (x >= y) { ans = x + 10; x -= y; } else { ans = y + 10; y += x; } a. b. c. d.

ans = 60, x = 0, y = 50 ans = 45, x = 50, y = 0 ans = 45, x = 50, y = 50 ans = 60, x = 50, y = 100

ANS: A 10. What will be the value of x after the following statements are executed? int x = 75; int y = 60; if (x > y) x = x - y; a. 60

b. 75

c. 15

d. 135

ANS: C 11. What will be the value of bonus after the following statements are executed? int bonus, sales = 10000; if (sales < 5000) bonus = 200; else if (sales < 7500) bonus = 500; else if (sales < 10000) bonus = 750; else if (sales < 20000) bonus = 1000;

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else bonus = 1250; a. 750

b. 1250

c. 500

d. 1000

ANS: D 12. What will be the value of discountRate after the following statements are executed? double discountRate = 0.0; int purchase = 100; if (purchase > 1000) discountRate = 0.05; else if (purchase > 750) discountRate = 0.03; else if (purchase > 500) discountRate = 0.01; a. 0.0

b. 0.05

c. 0.03

d. 0.01

ANS: A 13. What will be the value of discountRate after the following statements are executed? double discountRate = 0.0; int purchase = 1250; char cust = 'N'; if (purchase > 1000) if (cust == 'Y') discountRate = 0.05; else discountRate = 0.04; else if (purchase > 750) if (cust == 'Y') discountRate = 0.04; else discountRate = 0.03; else discountRate = 0.0; a. 0.0

b. 0.04

c. 0.05

d. 0.03

ANS: B 14. What will be the value of x after the following statements are executed? int x = 10; switch (x) { case 10: x += 15; case 12: x -= 5; break; default: x *= 3; } a. 30

b. 20

c. 25

d. 5

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ANS: B 15. What will be the value of discountRate after the following statements are executed? double discountRate; char custType = 'B'; switch (custType) { case 'A': discountRate = 0.08; break; case 'B': discountRate = 0.06; case 'C': discountRate = 0.04; default: discountRate = 0.0; } a. 0.08

b. 0.06

c. 0.04

d. 0.0

ANS: D 16. What will be the value of ans after the following statements are executed? int x = 40; int y = 40; if (x = y) ans = x + 10; a. 30 b. 80

c. 50 d. The code contains an error and will not compile.

ANS: D 17. What will be displayed after the following statements are executed? int ans = 10; int x = 65; int y = 55; if (x >= y) { int ans = x + y; } System.out.println(ans); a. 10 b. 120

c. 100 d. The code contains an error and will not compile.

ANS: B 18. What will be displayed after the following statements are executed? int y = 10; if (y == 10) {

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int x = 30; x += y; System.out.println(x); } a. 40 b. 30

c. 20 d. The code contains an error and will not compile.

ANS: A 19. What will be the value of pay after the following statements are executed? int hours = 45; double pay, payRate = 10.00; pay = hours <= 40 ? hours * payRate : 40 * payRate + (hours - 40) *payRate * 1.5; a. 400.00 b. 450.00

c. 465.00 d. 475.00

ANS: D 20. Which of the following expressions determines whether the char variable, chrA, is not equal to the letter 'A'? a. chrA == 'A' b. chrA != 'A'

c. chrA || 'A' d. chrA.notEquals(A)

ANS: B 21. A __________ is a boolean variable that signals when some condition exists in the program. a. sentinel b. flag

c. block d. case

ANS: B 22. The __________ statement is used to create a decision structure which allows a program to have more than one path of execution. a. block b. if

c. null d. flag

ANS: B 23. In Java, when a character is stored in memory, it is actually the __________ that is stored. a. Unicode number b. ASCII code

c. floating-point value d. letter, symbol, or number

ANS: A 24. Java requires that the boolean expression being tested by an if statement be enclosed in a. a set of parentheses b. a set of braces

c. a set of double quotes d. a set of brackets

ANS: A

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25. Which of the following statements determines whether the variable temp is within the range of 0 through 100 (inclusive)? a. b. c. d.

if (temp >= 0 && temp <= 100) if (temp > 0 && temp < 100) if (temp >= 0 || temp <= 100) if (temp > 0 || temp < 100)

ANS: A 26. Which of the following expressions will determine whether x is less than or equal to y? a. x <= y b. x => y

c. x >= y d. x =< y

ANS: A 27. Which of the following is the not equal operator? a. <> b. NOT c. *&

d. !=

ANS: D 28. If you prematurely terminate an if statement with a semicolon, the compiler will a. not display an error message b. assume you are placing a null statement there c. both (a) and (b) d. none of these ANS: C 29. What would be the value of bonus after the following statements are executed? int bonus, sales = 1250; if (sales > 1000) bonus = 100; if (sales > 750) bonus = 50; if (sales > 500) bonus = 25; else bonus = 0; a. 100

b. 500

c. 25

d. 0

ANS: C 30. What would be the value of bonus after the following statements are executed? int bonus, sales = 85000; char dept = 'S'; if (sales > 100000) if (dept == 'R') bonus = 2000; else bonus = 1500; else if (sales > 75000) if (dept == 'R') bonus = 1250;

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else bonus = 1000; else bonus = 0; a. 2000

b. 1500

c. 1250

d. 1000

ANS: D 31. Which of the following is the correct boolean expression to test for: int x being a value between, but not including, 500 and 650, or int y not equal to 1000? a. ((x >= 500 && x <= 650) && (y != 1000)) b. ((x > 500 AND x < 650) OR !(y.equal(1000))) c. ((x > 500 && x < 650) || (y != 1000)) d. ((x < 500 && x > 650) || !(y == 1000)) ANS: C 32. Which of the following is the correct boolean expression to test for: int x being a value less than or equal to 500 or greater than 650, or int y not equal to 1000? a. ((x >= 500 && x < 650) && (y != 1000)) b. ((x <= 500 OR x > 650) AND !(y.equal(1000))) c. ((x >= 500 || x < 650) || (y != 1000)) d. ((x <= 500 || x > 650) && !(y == 1000)) ANS: D 33. ________ works like this: If the expression on the left side of the && operator is false, the expression the right side will not be checked. a. short-circuit evaluation b. reverse logic

c. Boolean logic d. relational evaluation

ANS: A 34. What will be printed when the following code is executed? double x = 45678.259; System.out.printf("%,.2f", x); a. 45678.259

c. 45,678.26

b. 0,045,678.26

d. 45,678.3

ANS: C 35. Which of the following will format 12.78 to display as 12.8%? a. System.out.printf("%2.1d%", 12.78); b. System.out.printf("%.2f%%", 12.78); c. System.out.printf("%1.2d%", 12.78);

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d. System.out.printf("%.1f%%", 12.78); ANS: D 36. An expression tested by an if statement must evaluate to a. 0 or 1 c. true or false b. +1 or -1 d. t or f ANS: C 37. What is the value of x after the following code has been executed? int x = 75; int y = 90; if (x != y) x += y; a. 75

b. 90

c. 15

d. 165

ANS: D 38. What is the value of ans after the following code has been executed? int x = 35; int y = 20, ans = 80; if (x < y) ans += y; a. 80

b. 100

c. 35

d. 55

ANS: A 39. What is the value of charges after the following code has been executed? double charges, rate = 7.00; int time = 180; charges = time <= 119 ? rate * 2 : time / 60.0 * rate; a. 7.00

b. 14.00

c. 21.00

d. 28.00

ANS: C 40. What would be the value of discountRate after the following statements are executed? double discountRate = 0.0; int purchase = 1250; if (purchase > 1000) discountRate = .05; if (purchase > 750) discountRate = .03; if (purchase > 500) discountRate = .01; else discountRate = 0; a. .05

b. .03

c. .01

d. 0

ANS: C

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41. What does the following code display? int d = 9, e = 12; System.out.printf("%d %d\n", d, e); a. %d %d

b. 9 12

c. %d 9

d. %9 %12

ANS: B 42. What does the following code display? double x = 12.3798146; System.out.printf("%.2f\n", x); a. 123798146

c. %12.38

b. 1238

d. 12.38

ANS: D 43. What is the value of ans, x, and y after the following statements are executed? int ans = 0, x = 15, y = 25; if ( x >= y) { ans = x + 10; x -=y; } else { ans = y + 10; y += x; } a. b. c. d.

ans = 0, x = 15, y = 25 ans = 25, x = -10, y = 25 ans = 35, x = 15, y = 40 ans = 25, x = 15, y = 40

ANS: C 44. Which of the following will format 12.7801 to display as $12.78? a. System.out.printf("$%,.2f", 12.7801); b. System.out.printf("%f", 12.7801); c. System.out.printf("%.2f$$", 12.7801); d. System.out.printf("$d", 12.7801); ANS: A 45. If a case section in a switch expression has more than one statement, you must use the _________ keyword to return a value from that case section. a. return b. yield

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c. end d. var ANS: B

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 4 Loops and Files TRUE/FALSE 1. When the break statement is encountered in a loop, all the statements in the body of the loop that appear after it are ignored, and the loop prepares for the next iteration.

ANS: F 2. When the continue statement is encountered in a loop, all the statements in the body of the loop that appear after it are ignored, and the loop prepares for the next iteration.

ANS: T 3. A file must always be opened before using it and closed when the program is finished using it.

ANS: T 4. In a for loop, the control variable is always incremented.

ANS: F 5. The do-while loop must be terminated with a semicolon.

ANS: T 6. The do-while loop is ideal in situations where you always want the loop to iterate at least once.

ANS: T 7. When you pass the name of a file to the PrintWriter constructor and the file already exists, it will be erased and a new empty file with the same name will be created.

ANS: T 8. When you open a file with the PrintWriter class, the class can potentially throw an IOException.

ANS: T 9. The while loop is always the best choice in situations where the exact number of iterations is known.

ANS: F 10. Java provides a set of simple unary operators designed just for incrementing and decrementing variables.

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ANS: T 11. The while loop has two important parts: (1) a boolean expression that is tested for a true or false value, and (2) a statement or block of statements that is repeated as long as the expression is true.

ANS: T 12. In a for loop, the control variable cannot be initialized to a constant value and tested against a constant value.

ANS: F 13. The try-with-resources statement does not automatically close the resource objects that it creates.

ANS: F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A loop that repeats a specific number of times is known as a(n) __________ loop. a. count-controlled b. infinite

c. conditional d. pretest

ANS: A 2. A __________ loop will always be executed at least once. a. pretest b. posttest

c. conditional d. user-controlled

ANS: B 3. A __________ is a value that signals when the end of a list of values has been reached. a. terminal b. sentinel

c. token d. delimiter

ANS: B 4. Before entering a loop to compute a running total, the program should first a. b. c. d.

set the accumulator variable to an initial value, often zero set all variables to zero read all the values into main memory know exactly how many values there are to total

ANS: A 5. An item that separates other items is known as a a. partition b. delimiter

c. sentinel d. terminator

ANS: B

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6. A loop that executes as long as a particular condition exists is called a(n) __________ loop. a. infinite b. count-controlled

c. conditional d. relational

ANS: C 7. A(n) __________ is a special value that cannot be mistaken as a member of a list of data items and signals that there are no more data items to be processed. a. accumulator b. sentinel

c. delimiter d. terminator

ANS: B 8. The variable used to keep a running total in a loop is called a(n) __________. a. accumulator b. sentinel

c. summation d. integer

ANS: A 9. In all but very rare cases, loops must contain, within themselves a. b. c. d.

nested loops a way to terminate arithmetic operators nested decision strucures

ANS: B 10. The __________ loop is ideal in situations where the exact number of iterations is known. a. for b. while

c. do-while d. posttest

ANS: A 11. The __________ loop is ideal in situations where you always want the loop to iterate at least once. a. for b. while

c. do-while d. posttest

ANS: C 12. If a loop does not contain, within itself, a valid way to terminate, it is called a(n) __________ loop a. for b. while

c. do-while d. infinite

ANS: D 13. Assume that inputFile references a Scanner object that was used to open a file. Which of the following while loops is the correct way to read data from the file until the end of the file is reached? a. while (inputFile.nextLine == " ") { ... } b. while (inputFile != null)

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{ ... } c. while (!inputFile.EOF) { ... } d. while (inputFile.hasNext()) { ... } ANS: D 14. When working with the PrintWriter class, which of the following import statements should you have near the top of your program? a. b. c. d.

import javax.swing.*; import javac.io.*; import java.io.*; import java.file.*;

ANS: C 15. Assuming that inputFile references a Scanner object that was used to open a file, which of the following statements will read an int from the file? a. b. c. d.

int number = inputFile.next(); int number = inputFile.integer(); int number = inputFile.readInt(); int number = inputFile.nextInt();

ANS: D 16. Which of the following statements opens a file named MyFile.txt and allows you to read data from it? a. Scanner inputFile = new Scanner("MyFile.txt"); b. File file = new File("MyFile.txt"); Scanner inputFile = new Scanner(file); c. File Scanner = new File("MyFile.txt"); d. PrintWriter inputFile = new PrintWriter("MyFile.txt"); ANS: B 17. Which of the following statements opens a file named MyFile.txt and allows you to append data to its existing contents? a. FileWriter fwriter = new FileWriter("MyFile.txt"); PrintWriter outFile = new PrintWriter(fwriter); b. FileWriter fwriter = new FileWriter("MyFile.txt", true); PrintWriter outFile = new PrintWriter(fwriter); c. PrintWriter outfile = new PrintWriter("MyFile.txt", true); d. PrintWriter outfile = new PrintWriter(true, "MyFile.txt"); ANS: B

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18. Given the following statement, which statement will write the string "Calvin" to the file DiskFile.txt?

PrintWriter diskOut = new PrintWriter("DiskFile.txt"); a. b. c. d.

System.out.println(diskOut, "Calvin"); PrintWriter.println("Calvin"); DiskFile.println("Calvin"); diskOut.println("Calvin");

ANS: D 19. Which of the following is the method you can use to determine whether a file exists? a. b. c. d.

the File class's canOpen method the Scanner class's exists method the File class's exists method the PrintWriter class's fileExists method

ANS: C 20. What will be the value of x after the following code is executed? int x = 10; while (x < 100) { x += 100; } a. 100

b. 90

c. 110

d. 10

ANS: C 21. What will be the values of x and y as a result of the following code? int x = 25, y = 8; x += y++; a. x = 34, y = 9 b. x = 25, y = 8

c. x = 33, y = 8 d. x = 33, y = 9

ANS: D 22. How many times will the following do-while loop be executed? int x = 11; do { x += 20; } while (x > 100); a. 0

b. 1

c. 5

d. 4

ANS: B 23. What will be the value of x after the following statements are executed? int x = 10; for (int y = 5; y < 20; y +=5) x += y;

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a. 25

b. 30

c. 50

d. 40

ANS: D 24. How many times will the following do-while loop be executed? int x = 11; do { x += 20; } while (x <= 100); a. 5

b. 4

c. 3

d. 1

ANS: A 25. How many times will the following for loop be executed? for (int count = 10; count <= 21; count++) System.out.println("Java is great!"); a. 0

b. 12

c. 10

d. 11

ANS: B 26. What will be the value of x after the following code is executed? int x, y = 15; x = y--; a. 14

b. 16

c. 0

d. 15

ANS: D 27. What will be the value of x after the following code is executed? int x, y = 4, z = 6; x = (y++) * (++z); a. 24

b. 28

c. 30

d. 35

ANS: B 28. What will be printed after the following code is executed? for (int number = 5; number <= 15; number +=3) System.out.print(number + ", "); a. b. c. d.

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 5, 8, 11, 14 This is an invalid for statement.

ANS: C 29. What will be the values of x aand y after the following code is executed? int x = 12, y = 5; x += y--; a. x = 12, y = 5 b. x = 16, y = 4

c. x = 17, y = 5 d. x = 17, y = 4

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ANS: D 30. What will be the values of x and y after the following code is executed? int x, y = 15, z = 3; x = (y--) / (++z); a. 3

b. 4

c. 5

d. 6

ANS: A 31. What will be the value of x after the following code is executed? int x = 10, y = 20; while (y < 100) { x += y; y += 20; } a. 130

b. 210

c. 110

d. 90

ANS: B 32. What will be the value of x after the following code is executed? int x = 10, y = 20; while (y < 100) { x += y; } a. 90 b. 110

c. 210 d. this is an infinite loop

ANS: D 33. Which is a control structure that causes a statement or group of statements to repeat? a. block b. loop c. prefix mode d. body ANS: B 34. Each repetition of a loop is known as a(n) __________. a. iteration c. execution b. cycle d. lap ANS: A 35. Which of the following are pre-test loops? a. while, for, do-while b. while, do-while

c. while, for d. for, do-while

ANS: C 36. The variable that controls the number of times a loop iterates is known as a(n) __________. a. counter variable c. running total b. loop control variable d. decrement variable ANS: B

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37. The __________ loop allows the user to decide on the number of iterations. a. counter controlled loop c. user controlled loop b. dynamically executed loop d. infinite loop ANS: C 38. In the following code, what values could be read into number to terminate the while loop?

Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a number: "); int number = keyboard.nextInt(); while (number < 100 && number > 500) { System.out.print("Enter another number: number = keyboard.nextInt(); } a. b. c. d.

");

Numbers less than 100 or greater than 500 Numbers in the range 100 - 499 Numbers in the range 100 - 500 Impossible - the boolean condition can never be true

ANS: D 39. In the following code, what values could be read into number to terminate the while loop?

Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a number: "); int number = keyboard.nextInt(); while (number < 100 || number > 500) { System.out.print("Enter another number: number = keyboard.nextInt(); } a. b. c. d.

");

Numbers less than 100 Numbers greater than 500 Numbers in the range 100 - 499 Numbers in the range 100 - 500

ANS: D 40. Which of the following expressions will generate a random number in the range of 1 through 10? a. b. c. d.

myNumber = randomNumbers.nextInt(10); myNumber = randomNumbers.nextInt(1) + 10; myNumber = randomNumbers.nextInt(11) - 1; myNumber = randomNumbers.nextInt(10) + 1;

ANS: D 41. Which of the following statements will create an object from the Random class? a. randomNumbers() = new Random(); b. Random myNumber = new Random(); c. myNumber = new Random();

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d. Random = new randomNumbers(); ANS: B 42. A random number, created as an object of the Random class, is always a(n) __________. a. object

b. integer

c. float

d. class

ANS: B 43. The _________________ statement is used to automatically close resources, such as files. a. b. c. d.

openResource allocateResource autoClose try-with-resources

ANS: D 44. Which if the following correctly uses the try-with-resources statement to open a file? a. try {PrintWriter outputFile = new PrintWriter("myfile.txt")}; b. try PrintWriter outputFile = new PrintWriter("myfile.txt"); c. try (PrintWriter outputFile = new PrintWriter("myfile.txt")) { } d. try { PrintWriter outputFile = new PrintWriter("myfile.txt")

} ANS: C 45. A(n) _____________ is caused by a program not closing its resources. a. invalid memory b. null pointer error c. false data error d. resource leak ANS: D

MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Select all that apply. Which of the following steps is normally performed by a for loop? a. b. c. d.

update the control variable during each iteration test the control variable by comparing it to a maximum or minimum value terminate when the control variable reaches its maximum or minimum value initialize the control variable to a starting value

ANS: A, B, C, D

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2. Select all that apply. Which method of the Random class will return a random number within the range of 0.0 and 1.0? a. nextDouble() c. nextFloat() b. nextLong() d. nextInt(int n) ANS: A, C

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 5 Methods TRUE/FALSE 1. Methods are commonly used to break a problem into small manageable pieces.

ANS: T 2. Two general categories of methods are void methods and value-returning methods.

ANS: T 3. In the method header, the method modifier public means that the method belongs to the class, not a specific object.

ANS: F 4. Constants, variables, and the values of expressions may be passed as arguments to a method.

ANS: T 5. A parameter variable's scope is the method in which the parameter is declared.

ANS: T 6. You must have a return statement in a value-returning method.

ANS: T 7. Any method that calls a method with a throws clause in its header must either handle the potential exception or have the same throws clause.

ANS: T 8. In the method header the static method modifier means the method is available to code outside the class.

ANS: F 9. Only constants and variables may be passed as arguments to methods.

ANS: F 10. No statement outside the method in which a parameter variable is declared can access the parameter by its name.

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ANS: T 11. The expression in a return statement can be any expression that has a value.

ANS: T 12. A value-returning method can return a reference to a non-primitive type.

ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Methods are commonly used to: a. b. c. d.

speed up the compilation of a program break a program down into small manageable pieces emphasize certain parts of the logic document the program

ANS: B 2. Which type of method performs a task and sends a value back to the code that called it? a. value-returning b. void

c. complex d. local

ANS: A 3. In the following code, System.out.println(num) is an example of __________. double num = 5.4; System.out.println(num); num = 0.0; a. a value-returning method b. a void method

c. a complex method d. a local variable

ANS: B 4. To create a method, you must write its __________. a. header b. return type

c. body d. definition

ANS: D 5. In the header, the method name is always followed by __________. a. parentheses b. a return type

c. a data type d. braces

ANS: A 6. A __________ is a part of a method that contains a collection of statements that are performed when the method is executed.

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a. method header b. return type

c. method body d. method modifier

ANS: C 7. Which of the following is not a part of a method call? a. method name b. return type

c. parentheses d. All of these

ANS: B 8. If method A calls method B, and method B calls method C, and method C calls method D, when method D finishes, what happens? a. Control is returned to method A. b. Control is returned to method B.

c. Control is returned to method C. d. The program terminates.

ANS: C 9. Values that are sent into a method are called __________. a. variables b. arguments

c. literals d. types

ANS: B 10. When an argument is passed to a method __________. a. b. c. d.

its value is copied into the method's parameter variable its value may be changed within the called method Both (a) and (b) are correct.

Neither (a) nor (b) are correct.

ANS: A 11. Given the following method header, which of these method calls is incorrect? public void displayValue(int x, int y); a. b. c. d.

displayValue(a, b); // where a is a short and b is a byte displayValue(a, b); // where a is an int and b is a byte displayValue(a, b); // where a is a short and b is a long All of these would give an error.

ANS: C 12. Given the following method header, which of these method calls is incorrect? public void displayValue(double x, int y); a. b. c. d.

displayValue(a, b); // where a is a long and b is a byte displayValue(a, b); // where a is an int and b is a byte displayValue(a, b); // where a is a short and b is a long All of these would give an error.

ANS: C 13. Given the following method, which of these method calls is valid?

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public static void showProduct (int num1, double num2) { int product; product = num1 * (int)num2; System.out.println("The product is " + product); } a. showProduct(5.5, 4.0); b. showProduct(10.0, 4);

c. showProduct(10, 4.5); d. showProduct(33.0, 55.0);

ANS: C 14. Given the following method, which of these method calls is valid? public static void showProduct (double num1, int num2) { double product; product = num1 * num2; System.out.println("The product is " + product); } a. showProduct("5", "40"); b. showProduct(10.0, 4.6);

c. showProduct(10, 4.5); d. showProduct(3.3, 55);

ANS: D 15. When an object, such as a String, is passed as an argument it is __________. a. b. c. d.

actually a reference to the object that is passed passed by value like any other parameter value encrypted necessary to know exactly how long the string is when writing the program

ANS: A 16. All @param tags in a method's documentation must __________. a. b. c. d.

end with a */ appear after the general description of the method appear before the method header span several lines

ANS: B 17. In a @return tag statement the description __________. a. cannot be longer than one line b. describes the return value

c. must be longer than one line d. describes the parameter values

ANS: B 18. A method a. b. c. d.

may have zero or more parameters never has parameter variables must have at least two parameter variables may not have only one parameter variable

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ANS: A 19. A special variable that holds a value being passed into a method is called a(n) __________. a. modifier b. parameter

c. alias d. argument

ANS: B 20. When you pass an argument to a method you should be sure that the argument's type is compatible with __________. a. the parameter variable's data type b. the method's return type

c. the version of Java currently used d. IEEE standards

ANS: A 21. In a general sense, a method is __________. a. b. c. d.

a plan a statement inside a loop a comment a collection of statements that perform a specific task

ANS: D 22. Which of the following is not part of a method header? a. return type b. method name

c. parentheses d. semicolon

ANS: D 23. A __________ type of method performs a task and then terminates. a. value-returning b. void

c. local d. simple

ANS: B 24. When a method tests an argument and returns a true or false value, it should return __________. a. b. c. d.

a zero for true and a one for false a boolean value a zero for false and a non-zero for true A method should not be used for this.

ANS: B 25. A parameter variable's scope is __________. a. b. c. d.

the method in which the parameter is declared the class to which the method belongs the main method All of these are true.

ANS: A

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26. The lifetime of a method's local variable is __________. a. b. c. d.

the duration of the program the duration of the class to which the method belongs the duration of the method that called the local variable's method only while the method is executing

ANS: D 27. The header of a value-returning method must specify __________. a. b. c. d.

the method's local variable names the name of the variable in the calling method that will receive the returned value the data type of the return value All of these must be specified.

ANS: C 28. You should always document a method by writing comments that appear __________. a. b. c. d.

just before the method's definition just after the method's definition at the end of the file only if the method is more than five lines long

ANS: A 29. When an argument value is passed to a method, the receiving parameter variable is __________. a. b. c. d.

declared within the body of the method declared in the method header inside the parentheses declared in the call used in the declaration of the argument

ANS: B 30. If you attempt to use a local variable before it has been given a value, __________. a. b. c. d.

a compiler error will occur the local variable will always contain the value 0 the results will be unpredictable the local variable will be ignored

ANS: A 31. Values stored in local variables __________. a. b. c. d.

are lost between calls to the method in which they are declared retain their values from the last call to the method in which they are declared may be referenced by the calling method may be referenced by any other method if the method in which they are declared is a public method

ANS: A 32. Local variables can be initialized with __________. a. constants

c. the result of an arithmetic operation

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b. parameter values

d. Any of these.

ANS: D 33. The process of breaking a problem down into smaller pieces is sometimes called __________. a. the divide and conquer method b. the scientific method

c. top-down programming d. whole-into-part programming

ANS: A 34. A value-returning method must specify __________ as its return type in the method header. a. an int b. a double

c. a boolean d. Any valid data type

ANS: D 35. What will be returned from the following method? public static double methodA() { double a = 8.5 + 9.5; return a; } a. 18.0

b. 18

c. 8

d. 19

ANS: A 36. What will be returned from the following method? public static int methodA() { double a = 8.5 + 9.5; return a; } a. 18.0 b. 18

c. 8.0 d. This is an error.

ANS: D 37. In the following code, Math.Pow(a, b) is an example of __________. double a = 2.0, b = 2.0, result; result = Math.pow(a, b) + 1; a. a value-returning method b. a void method

c. a local variable d. a complex method

ANS: A 38. What will be the result after the following code executes? double a = 2.0, b = 2.0, result; result = Math.pow(a, b) + 1; a. result will be assigned 4. b. result will be assigned 5.

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c. The last line of code will cause an error. d. result will be assigned 0.

ANS: B 39. When writing documentation comments for a method, you can provide a description of each parameter by using a __________. a. @comment tag b. @doc tag

c. @param tag d. @return tag

ANS: C 40. To document the return value of a method you can use a __________. a. @comment tag b. @returnValue tag

c. @param tag d. @return tag

ANS: D 41. Assume that the following method header is for a method in class A. public void displayValue(int value) Assume that the following code segments appear in another method, also in class A. Which contains a legal call to the displayValue method? a. int x = 7; void displayValue(x);

c. int x = 7; displayValue(int x);

b. int x = 7; displayValue(x);

d. int x = 7; displayValue(x)

ANS: B MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Select all that apply. Which of the following are benefits of using methods in programming? a. The program will compile faster. b. Problems are solved more easily.

c. Code can be reused. d. Programs are simplified.

ANS: B, C, D 2. Select all that apply. Local variables __________. a. b. c. d.

are hidden from other methods cannot be changed once they are given a value in the method where they exist may have the same name as local variables in other methods lose the values stored in them between calls to the method in which the variable is declared

ANS: A, C, D 3. Select all that apply. Any method that calls a method with a throws clause in its header must __________. a. handle the potential exception

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b. have the same throws clause c. do nothing since the called program will take care of the throws clause d. contain only string variables ANS: A, B 4. Select all that apply. Which of the following types of values can be passed to a method that has an int parameter variable? a. float b. double

c. long d. int

ANS: D

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes TRUE/FALSE 1. An access specifier indicates how a class may be accessed.

ANS: T 2. A method that gets a value from a class's field but does not change it is known as a mutator method.

ANS: F 3. The term "no-arg constructor" is applied to any constructor that does not accept arguments.

ANS: T 4. When a local variable in an instance method has the same name as an instance field, the instance field hides the local variable.

ANS: F 5. The public access specifier for a field indicates that the field may not be accessed by statements outside the class.

ANS: F 6. The term "default constructor" is applied to the first constructor written by the author of the class.

ANS: F 7. A method that stores a value in a class's field or in some other way changes the value of a field is known as a mutator method.

ANS: T 8. A constructor is a method that is automatically called when an object is created.

ANS: T 9. The java.lang package is automatically imported into all Java programs.

ANS: T 10. Shadowing is the term used to describe where the field name is hidden by the name of a local or parameter variable.

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ANS: T 11. An object can store data.

ANS: T 12. A class is not an object. It is a description of an object.

ANS: T 13. Instance methods should be declared static.

ANS: F 14. Instance methods do not have the keyword static in their headers.

ANS: T 15. When an object is passed as an argument to a method, the object's address is passed into the method's parameter variable.

ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When an object is created, the attributes associated with the object are called __________. a. instance fields b. class instances

c. instance methods d. fixed attributes

ANS: A 2. A class's responsibilities include __________. a. b. c. d.

the things a class is responsible for knowing the things a class is responsible for doing both of these neither of these

ANS: C 3. Data hiding (which means that critical data stored inside the object is protected from code outside the object) is accomplished in Java by __________. a. b. c. d.

using the public access specifier on the class methods using the private access specifier on the class methods using the private access specifier on the class fields using the private access specifier on the class definition

ANS: C 4. Methods that operate on an object's fields are called __________. a. instance methods

c. private methods

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b. instance variables

d. public methods

ANS: A 5. A group of related classes is called a(n) __________. a. archive b. package

c. collection d. attachment

ANS: B 6. Class objects normally have __________ that perform useful operations on their data, but primitive variables do not. a. fields b. relationships

c. methods d. instances

ANS: C 7. You should not define a class that is dependent on the values of other class fields __________. a. b. c. d.

in order to keep it current because it is redundant in order to avoid having stale data because it should be defined in another class

ANS: C 8. Another term for an object of a class is a(n) __________. a. access specifier b. instance

c. member d. method

ANS: B 9. Which symbol indicates that a member is public in a UML diagram? a. -

b. *

c. #

d. +

ANS: D 10. Which symbol indicates that a member is private a UML diagram? a. -

b. *

c. #

d. +

ANS: A 11. What does the following UML diagram entry mean? + setHeight(h : double) : void a. b. c. d.

a public method with a parameter of data type double that does not return a value a private field called setHeight that is a double data type a private method with no parameters that returns a double data type a public field called setHeight that is a double data type

ANS: A

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12. Which of the following is not involved in identifying the classes to be used when developing an object-oriented application? a. b. c. d.

a description of the problem domain the code a refined list of nouns that include only those relevant to the problem all the nouns are identified

ANS: B 13. A constructor is a method that __________. a. b. c. d.

returns an object of the class never receives any arguments performs initialization or setup operations removes the object from memory

ANS: C 14. It is common practice in object-oriented programming to make all of a class's __________. a. fields private b. methods private

c. fields public d. fields and methods public

ANS: A 15. A class specifies the __________ and __________ that a particular type of object has. a. relationships, methods b. fields, object names

c. fields, methods d. relationships, object names

ANS: C 16. __________ refers to combining data and code into a single object. a. Data hiding b. Abstraction

c. The constructor d. Encapsulation

ANS: D 17. For the following code, which statement is not true? public class Sphere { private double radius; public double x; private double y; private double z; } a. b. c. d.

The z field is available to code written outside the Sphere class.

The radius field is not available to code written outside the Sphere class.

The radius, x, y, and z fields are members of the Sphere class.

The x field is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class.

ANS: A 18. For the following code, which statement is not true?

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public class Circle { private double radius; public double x; private double y; } a. b. c. d.

The y field is available to code written outside the Circle class.

The radius field is not available to code written outside the Circle class.

The radius, x, and y fields are members of the Circle class.

The x field is available to code that is written outside the Circle class.

ANS: A 19. The following statement is an example of __________. import java.util.Scanner; a. b. c. d.

an explicit import statement an unconditional import statement a wildcard import statement a conditional import statement

ANS: A 20. The following statement is an example of __________. import java.util.*; a. b. c. d.

an explicit import statement an unconditional import statement a wildcard import statement a conditional import statement

ANS: C 21. After the header, the body of the method appears inside a set of __________. a. braces, { } b. parentheses, ( )

c. brackets, [ ] d. double quotes, " "

ANS: A 22. One or more objects may be created from a(n) __________. a. field

b. method

c. instance

d. class

ANS: D 23. A constructor __________. a. always accepts two arguments b. has the same name as the class

c. has the return type of void d. always has a private access specifier

ANS: B 24. The scope of a private instance field is __________.

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a. b. c. d.

the instance methods of the same class inside the class but not inside any method in that class inside the parentheses of a method header the method in which it is defined

ANS: A 25. To indicate the data type of a variable in a UML diagram, you enter __________. a. b. c. d.

the variable name followed by the data type the variable name followed by a colon and the data type the class name followed by the variable name followed by the data type the data type followed by the variable name

ANS: B 26. Two or more methods in a class may have the same name as long as __________. a. b. c. d.

they have different return types they have different parameter lists they have different return types but the same parameter list You cannot have two methods with the same name.

ANS: B 27. The scope of a public instance field is __________. a. b. c. d.

only the class in which it is defined inside the class but not inside any method inside the parentheses of a method header the instance methods and methods outside the class

ANS: D 28. Overloading means that multiple methods in the same class __________. a. b. c. d.

have the same name but different return types have different names but the same parameter list have the same name but different parameter lists perform the same function

ANS: C 29. When an object is passed as an argument to a method, what is passed into the method's parameter variable? a. the class name b. the object's memory address

c. the values for each field d. the method names

ANS: B 30. A constructor __________. a. b. c. d.

always accepts two arguments has the return type of void has the same name as the class always has a private access specifier

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ANS: C 31. A(n) __________ can be thought of as a blueprint that can be used to create a type of __________. a. object, class b. class, object

c. cookie, cake d. object, method

ANS: B 32. When you work with a __________, you are using a storage location that holds a piece of data. a. primitive variable b. reference variable

c. numeric literal d. binary number

ANS: A 33. A reference variable stores a(n) __________. a. binary encoded decimal b. memory address

c. object d. string

ANS: B 34. Most of the programming languages used today are __________. a. procedural b. top-down

c. object-oriented d. functional

ANS: C 35. A UML diagram does not contain __________. a. the class name b. the method names

c. the field names d. the object names

ANS: D 36. Methods that operate on an object's fields are called __________. a. instance variables b. instance methods

c. public methods d. private methods

ANS: B 37. Java allows you to create objects of the __________ class in the same way you would create primitive variables. a. Random b. String

c. PrintWriter d. Scanner

ANS: B 38. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the String "Hello, World"? a. b. c. d.

String str = "Hello, World"; string str = "Hello, World"; String str = new "Hello, World"; str = "Hello, World";

ANS: A

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39. Instance methods do not have the __________ keyword in their headers. a. public

b. static

c. private

d. protected

ANS: B 40. The __________ package is automatically imported into all Java programs. a. java.java b. java.default

c. java.util d. java.lang

ANS: D 41. Given the following code, what will be the value of finalAmount when it is displayed? public class Order { private int orderNum; private double orderAmount; private double orderDiscount; public Order(int orderNumber, double orderAmt, double orderDisc) { orderNum = orderNumber; orderAmount = orderAmt; orderDiscount = orderDisc; } public int getOrderAmount() { return orderAmount; } public int getOrderDisc() { return orderDisc; } } public class CustomerOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { int ordNum = 1234; double ordAmount = 580.00; double discountPer = .1; Order order; double finalAmount = order.getOrderAmount() — order.getOrderAmount() * order.getOrderDisc(); System.out.printf("Final order amount = $%,.2f\n", finalAmount); } } a. b. c. d.

528.00 580.00 There is no value because the constructor has an error.

There is no value because the object, order, has not been created.

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ANS: D 42. Given the following code, what will be the value of finalAmount when it is displayed? public class Order { private int orderNum; private double orderAmount; private double orderDiscount; public Order(int orderNumber, double orderAmt, double orderDisc) { orderNum = orderNumber; orderAmount = orderAmt; orderDiscount = orderDisc; } public double finalOrderTotal() { return orderAmount - orderAmount * orderDiscount; } }

public class CustomerOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { Order order; int orderNumber = 1234; double orderAmt = 580.00; double orderDisc = .1; order = new Order(orderNumber, orderAmt, orderDisc); double finalAmount = order.finalOrderTotal(); System.out.printf("Final order amount = $%,.2f\n", finalAmount); } } a. b. c. d.

528.00 580.00 522.00 There is no value because the object, order, has not been created.

ANS: C MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Select all that apply. Which of the following are classes from the Java API? a. Scanner b. Random

c. Package d. PrintWriter

ANS: A, B, D

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class TRUE/FALSE 1. An ArrayList object automatically expands in size to accommodate the items stored in it.

ANS: T 2. Java does not limit the number of dimensions an array may have.

ANS: T 3. The String[] args parameter in the main method header allows the program to receive arguments from the operating system command-line.

ANS: T 4. When an array of objects is declared but not initialized, the array values are set to null.

ANS: T 5. To determine if two arrays are equal you must compare each of the elements of the two arrays.

ANS: T 6. A sorting algorithm is a technique for scanning through an array and rearranging its contents in some specific order.

ANS: T 7. Objects in an array are accessed with subscripts, just like any other data type in an array.

ANS: T 8. A sorting algorithm is used to locate a specific item in a larger collection of data.

ANS: F 9. An array can hold multiple values of several different types of data simultaneously.

ANS: F 10. Declaring an array reference variable does not create an array.

ANS: T

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11. Once an array is created, its size cannot be changed.

ANS: T 12. Any items typed on the command line, separated by a space, after the name of the class are considered to be one or more arguments that are to be passed into the main method.

ANS: T 13. Java limits the number of dimensions that an array can have to 15.

ANS: F 14. If a[] and b[] are two integer arrays, the expression a == b compares the array contents.

ANS: F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The __________ indicates the number of elements the array can hold. a. new operator b. array's size declarator

c. array's data type d. version of Java

ANS: C 2. It is common practice to use a __________ variable as a size declarator. a. static b. reference

c. final d. boolean

ANS: C 3. Subscripting always starts with __________. a. 0

b. 1

c. -1

d. none of these

ANS: A 4. By default, Java initializes array elements to __________. a. 0

b. 100

c. -1

d. 1

ANS: A 5. Each array in Java has a public field named __________ that contains the number of elements in the array.. a. size

b. capacity

c. length

d. limit

ANS: C 6. The ___________ method is used to insert an item into an ArrayList. a. insert

b. add

c. store

d. putItem

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ANS: B 7. A search algorithm __________. a. b. c. d.

arranges elements in ascending order arranges elements in descending order is used to locate a specific item in a collection of data is rarely used with arrays

ANS: C 8. Java performs ____________, which means that it does not allow a statement to use a subscript that is outside the range of valid subscripts for the array. a. active array sequencing b. array bounds checking

c. scope resolution binding d. buffer overrun protection

ANS: B 9. In Java, you do not use the new operator when you use a(n) ____________. a. array size declarator b. initialization list

c. two-dimensional array d. any of these

ANS: B 10. A ragged array is __________. a. b. c. d.

a two-dimensional array where the rows have different numbers of columns a one-dimensional array for which the number of elements is unknown a two-dimensional array for which the number of rows is unknown a partially initialized two-dimensional array of ranged values

ANS: A 11. A partially filled array is normally used __________. a. b. c. d.

when only a very small number of values need to be stored when you know how many elements will be in the array but not what the values are with an accompanying parallel array with an accompanying integer value that holds the number of items stored in the array

ANS: D 12. When an array is passed to a method __________. a. b. c. d.

it is passed just as any other object would be passed the method has direct access to the original array a reference to the array is passed All of these are true

ANS: D 13. The binary search algorithm __________. a. is less efficient than the sequential search algorithm b. will cut the portion of the array being searched in half each time it fails to locate the search value

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c. will have a maximum number of comparisons equal to the number of elements in the array d. will, normally, have the number of comparisons that is half the number of elements in the array ANS: B 14. In order to do a binary search on an array, __________. a. b. c. d.

the array must first be sorted you must first do a sequential search to be sure the element you are looking for is there the values of the array must be numeric no requirements are necessary

ANS: A 15. When an individual element of an array is passed to a method, __________. a. b. c. d.

a reference to the array is passed it is passed like any other variable the method does not have access to the original array All of these are true.

ANS: C 16. The sequential search algorithm __________. a. b. c. d.

returns 1 if the value being searched for is found or -1 if the value is not found requires the array to be ascending order uses a loop to sequentially step through an array, starting with the first element must always be implemented as a method

ANS: C 17. A(n) __________ is used as an index to pinpoint a specific element within an array. a. boolean value b. element

c. argument d. subscript

ANS: D 18. In memory, an array of String objects __________. a. b. c. d.

consists of elements, each of which is a reference to a String object is compressed to four bytes for each element must be initialized when the array is declared consists of an array of references to String objects

ANS: D 19. You can use the __________ method to replace an item at a specific location in an ArrayList. a. set

b. remove

c. replace

d. add

ANS: A 20. Which of the following is a correct method header for receiving a two-dimensional array as an argument?

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a. b. c. d.

public static void passMyArray(int[1, 2]) public static void passMyArray(int[][]) public static void passMyArray[1][2]) public static void passMyArray(int[],int[] myArray)

ANS: B 21. The __________ method removes an item from an ArrayList at a specific index. a. remove

b. pop

c. deleteAt

d. clear

ANS: A 22. Which of the following ArrayList class methods is used to insert an item at a specific location in an ArrayList? a. set

b. store

c. add

d. insert

ANS: C 23. To return an array of long values from a method, which return type should be used for the method? a. long[ARRAY_SIZE] b. array

c. long[] d. long

ANS: C 24. Which of the following is a valid declaration for a ragged array with five rows but no columns? a. b. c. d.

int[][] ragged = new int[5]; int[][] ragged = new int[][5]; int[][] ragged = new int[5][]; int[] ragged = new int[5];

ANS: C 25. If numbers is a two-dimensional array, which of the following would give the number of columns in row r? a. numbers.length b. numbers.length[r]

c. numbers[r].length d. numbers[r].length[r]

ANS: C 26. The ArrayList class is in the __________ package. a. java.arraylist b. java.lang

c. java.array d. java.util

ANS: D 27. What would be the result of executing the following code? int[] x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; a. An array of 6 values, all initialized to 0 and referenced by the variable x will be created. b. An array of 6 values, ranging from 0 through 5 and referenced by the variable x will be created. c. The variable x will contain the values 0 through 5.

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d. A compiler error will occur.

ANS: B 28. Given the following two-dimensional array declaration, which statement is true? int[][] numbers = new int[6][9]; a. b. c. d.

The numbers array has 54 rows.

The numbers array has 15 rows.

The numbers array has 6 rows and 9 columns.

The numbers array has 6 columns and 9 rows.

ANS: C 29. What will be the result after the following code is executed? final int ARRAY_SIZE = 5; float[] x = float[ARRAY_SIZE]; for (i = 1; i <= ARRAY_SIZE; i++) { x[i] = 10.0; } a. b. c. d.

A runtime error will occur.

All the values in the array will be initialized to 10.0.

All the values in the array except the first will be set to 10.0.

The code contains a syntax error and will not compile.

ANS: D 30. What will be the results after the following code is executed? int[] x = { 55, 33, 88, 22, 99, 11, 44, 66, 77 }; int a = 10; if(x[2] > x[5]) a = 5; else a = 8; a. a = 5

b. a = 8

c. a = 10

d. a = 13

ANS: A 31. What will be the value of x[8] after the following code is executed? final int SUB = 12; int[] x = new int[SUB]; int y = 100; for(int i = 0; i < SUB; i++) { x[i] = y; y += 10; } a. 170

b. 180

c. 190

d. 200

ANS: B

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32. For the following code, what would be the value of str[2]?

String[] str = {"abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"}; a. b. c. d.

a reference to the String object containing "ghi" "ghi" a reference to the String object containing "def" "def"

ANS: A 33. What would be the result after the following code is executed? int[] numbers = {40, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 10}; int value = numbers[0]; for (int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++) { if (numbers[i] < value) value = numbers[i]; } a. b. c. d.

The value variable will contain the average of all the values in the numbers array.

The value variable will contain the sum of all the values in the numbers array.

The value variable will contain the lowest value in the numbers array.

The value variable will contain the highest value in the numbers array.

ANS: C 34. What would be the result after the following code is executed? final int SIZE = 25; int[] array1 = new int[SIZE]; ... // Code that will put values in array1 int value = 0; for (int a = 0; a <= array1.length; a++) { value += array1[a]; } a. b. c. d.

value contains the highest value in array1. value contains the lowest value in array1. value contains the sum of all the values in array1.

This code would cause the program to crash.

ANS: D 35. What would be the result after the following code is executed? final int SIZE = 25; int[] array1 = new int[SIZE]; ... // Code that will put values in array1 int value = 0; for (int a = 0; a < array1.length; a++) { value += array1[a]; }

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a. b. c. d.

value contains the highest value in array1. value contains the lowest value in array1. value contains the sum of all the values in array1.

This code would cause the program to crash.

ANS: C 36. What would be the result after the following code is executed? int[] x = {23, 55, 83, 19}; int[] y = {36, 78, 12, 24}; for(int a = 0; a < x.length; a++) { x[a] = y[a]; y[a] = x[a]; } a. b. c. d.

x[] = {36, 78, 12, 24} and y[] = {23, 55, 83, 19} x[] = {36, 78, 12, 24} and y[] = {36, 78, 12, 24} x[] = {23, 55, 83, 19} and y[] = {23, 55, 83, 19} Nothing. This is a compile error.

ANS: B 37. Which of the following for loops is valid, given the following declaration?

String[] names = {"abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"}; a. for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) System.out.println(names[i].length); b. for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); i++) System.out.println(names[i].length); c. for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) System.out.println(names[i].length()); d. for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); i++) System.out.println(names[i].length()); ANS: C 38. If numbers is a two-dimensional int array that has been initialized and total is an int that has been set to 0, which of the following will sum all the elements in the array? a. for (int row = 1; row < numbers.length; row++) {

for (int col = 1; col < numbers.length; col++) total += numbers[row][col]; }

b. for (int row = 0; row < numbers.length; row++) {

for (int col = 0; col < numbers.length; col++) total += numbers[row][col]; }

c. for (int row = 0; row < numbers[row].length; row++)

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{ for (int col = 0; col < numbers.length; col++) total += numbers[row][col]; }

d. for (int row = 0; row < numbers.length; row++) {

for (int col = 0; col < numbers[row].length; col++) total += numbers[row][col]; }

ANS: D 39. What would be the result after the following code is executed? int[] x = {23, 55, 83, 19}; int[] y = {36, 78, 12, 24}; x = y; y = x; a. b. c. d.

x[] = {36, 78, 12, 24} and y[] = {23, 55, 83, 19} x[] = {36, 78, 12, 24} and y[] = {36, 78, 12, 24} x[] = {23, 55, 83, 19} and y[] = {23, 55, 83, 19} Nothing. This is a compile error.

ANS: B 40. Given that String[] str has been initialized, to get a copy of str[0] with all the characters converted to uppercase, you would use the __________ statement. a. str.uppercase(); b. str[0].upperCase();

c. str.toUpperCase(); d. str[0].toUpperCase();

ANS: D 41. If final int SIZE = 15 and int[] x = new int[SIZE], what would be the range of subscript values that could be used with x[]? a. 1 through 15 b. 1 through 14

c. 0 through 14 d. 0 through 15

ANS: C 42. Which of the following is a correct method header for receiving a two-dimensional array as an argument? a. b. c. d.

public static void passArray(int[1,2]) public static void passArray(int [][]) public static void passArray(int[1],[2]) public static void passArray(int[], int[])

ANS: B 43. What would be the result after the following code is executed? int[] numbers = {50, 10, 15, 20, 25, 100, 30}; int value = 0; for (int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++)

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value += numbers[i]; a. b. c. d.

The value variable will contain the average of all the values in the numbers array.

The value variable will contain the sum of all the values in the numbers array.

The value variable will contain the lowest value in the numbers array.

The value variable will contain the highest value in the numbers array.

ANS: B 44. What is the value of scores[2][3] in the following array? int[][] scores = { {88, 80, 79, 92}, {75, 84, 93, 80}, {98, 95, 92, 94}, {91, 84, 88, 96} }; a. 95

b. 84

c. 94

d. 93

ANS: C 45. What will be the value of x[8] after the following code is executed? final int SUB = 12; int[] x = new int[SUB]; int y = 20; for(int i = 0; i < SUB; i++) { x[i] = y; y += 5; } a. 50

b. 55

c. 60

d. 65

ANS: C 46. What will be the results after the following code is executed? int[] array1 = new int[25]; ... // Code that will put values in array1 int value = array1[0]; for (int a = 1; a < array1.length; a++) { if (array1[a] < value) value = array1[a]; } a. b. c. d.

value contains the highest value in array1 value contains the lowest value in array1 value contains the sum of all the values in array1 value contains the average of all the values in array1

ANS: B 47. What does the following statement do? double[] array1 = new double[10]; a. It declares array1 to be a reference to an array of double values. b. It will allow valid subscripts in the range of 0 through 9. c. It creates an instance of an array of ten double values.

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d. It does all of these.

ANS: D 48. What does <String> specify in the following statement?

ArrayList<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>(); a. It specifies that String objects may not be stored in the ArrayList object. b. It specifies that everything stored in the ArrayList object will be converted to a String object. c. It specifies that only String objects may be stored in the ArrayList object. d. It specifies that the ArrayList will be converted to a String array.

ANS: C MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following statements is(are) true about this code? final int ARRAY_SIZE = 10; long[] array1 = new long[ARRAY_SIZE]; a. b. c. d.

It declares array1 to be a reference to an array of long values.

It will allow valid subscripts in the range of 0 through 9.

It creates an instance of an array of ten long values.

It will allow valid subscripts in the range of 1 through 10.

ANS: A, B, C

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects TRUE/FALSE 1. The key word this is the name of a reference variable that an object can use to refer to itself.

ANS: T 2. The key word this is the name of a reference variable that is available to all static methods.

ANS: F 3. The names of the enum constants in an enumerated data type must be enclosed in quotation marks.

ANS: F 4. An enumerated data type is actually a special type of class.

ANS: T 5. enum constants have a toString method.

ANS: T 6. An instance of a class does not have to exist in order for values to be stored in a class's static fields.

ANS: T 7. A class's static methods do not operate on the fields that belong to any instance of the class.

ANS: T 8. You can declare an enumerated data type inside a method.

ANS: F 9. If a class has a method named finalize, it is called automatically just before an instance of the class is destroyed by the garbage collector.

ANS: T 10. If a class has a method named finalize, it is called automatically just before a data member that has been identified as final of the class is destroyed by the garbage collector.

ANS: F

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11. If you write a toString method for a class, Java will automatically call the method any time you concatenate an object of the class with a string.

ANS: T 12. When an object is passed as an argument, it is actually a reference to the object that is passed.

ANS: T 13. Both instance fields and instance methods are associated with a specific instance of a class, and they cannot be used until an instance of the class is created.

ANS: T 14. A single copy of a class's static field is shared by all instances of the class.

ANS: T 15. When an object reference is passed to a method, the method may change the values in the object.

ANS: T 16. If you write a toString method to display the contents of an object, object1, for a class, Class1, then the following two statements are equivalent: System.out.println(object1); System.out.println(object1.toString()); ANS: T 17. If a class has mutator methods, it is probably an immutable class.

ANS: F 18. If an immutable class has a mutable object as a field, it is permissible for a method in the immutable class to return a reference to the mutable field.

ANS: F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. __________ is the term for the relationship created by object aggregation. a. "Has a" b. Inner class

c. "Is a" d. One-to-many

ANS: A 2. The only limitation that static methods have is __________.

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a. b. c. d.

they must be declared outside of the class they cannot refer to nonstatic members of the class they can only be called from static members of the class they can refer only to nonstatic members of the class

ANS: B 3. A class that is defined inside another class is called a(n) __________. a. nested class b. enumerated class

c. inner class d. helper class

ANS: C 4. Static methods can only operate on __________ fields. a. instance b. static

c. global d. local

ANS: B 5. When you make a copy of the aggregate object and of the objects that it references, __________. a. b. c. d.

you are performing a shallow copy you are performing a nested copy you are performing a deep copy a compiler error will occur

ANS: C 6. A deep copy of an object __________. a. b. c. d.

is an assignment of that object to another object is an operation that copies an aggregate object and all the objects that it references is a bogus term and means nothing is always a private method

ANS: B 7. Which of the following is not true about static methods? a. It is not necessary for an instance of the class to be created to execute a static method. b. They are called by placing the key word static after the access specifier in the method header. c. They are called from an instance of the class. d. They are often used to create utility classes that perform operations on data but have no need to collect and store data.

ANS: C 8. The "has a" relationship is sometimes called a(n) __________ because one object is part of a greater whole. a. enterprise b. possession

c. mutual relationship d. whole-part relationship

ANS: D

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9. The whole-part relationship created by object aggregation is more often called a(n) __________ relationship. a. "has a" b. inner class

c. extra class d. inside class

ANS: A 10. The JVM periodically performs the __________ process to remove unreferenced objects from memory. a. memory shuffling b. system restore

c. garbage collection d. memory sweeping

ANS: C 11. CRC stands for __________. a. Class, Recyclability, Collaborations b. Class, Redundancy, Collections

c. Class, Responsibilities, Collaborations d. Code, Reuse, Constancy

ANS: C 12. Enumerated types have the __________ method which returns the position of an enum constant in the declaration list. a. position b. location

c. ordinal d. index

ANS: C 13. Java automatically stores a __________ value in all uninitialized static member variables. a. 0

b. -1

c. null

d. false

ANS: A 14. You cannot use the fully-qualified name of an enum constant for ___________. a. a case expression b. an argument to a method

c. a boolean expression d. Any of these

ANS: A 15. When the this variable is used to call a constructor__________. a. b. c. d.

it must be the first statement in the constructor making the call it can be anywhere in the constructor making the call it must be the last statement in the constructor making the call None of these. You cannot use the this variable in a constructor call.

ANS: A 16. When a reference variable is passed as an argument to a method __________. a. b. c. d.

a copy of the variable's value is passed into the method's parameter the method has access to the object that the variable references the method becomes a static method the program terminates

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ANS: B 17. When a method's return type is a class, what is actually returned to the calling program? a. b. c. d.

an object of that class a reference to an object of that class the values in the object that the method accessed nothing - the return type is simply for documentation in this situation

ANS: B 18. In Java it is possible to write a method that will return __________. a. a whole number b. a reference to an object

c. a string of characters d. Any of these

ANS: D 19. You cannot use the == operator to compare the contents of __________. a. objects b. strings

c. integers d. Boolean values

ANS: A 20. An object's __________ is simply the data that is stored in the object's fields at any given moment. a. value b. assessment

c. record d. state

ANS: D 21. A static field is created by placing the key word static __________. a. b. c. d.

after the access specifier and the field's data type after the access specifier and before the field's data type after the field name in brackets, before the field's data type

ANS: B 22. A declaration for an enumerated type begins with the __________ key word. a. enumerated b. enum type

c. ENUM d. enum

ANS: D 23. When a field is declared static there will be __________. a. b. c. d.

a copy of the field for each method in the class a copy of the field in each class object only one copy of the field in memory two reference copies of the field for each method in the class

ANS: C 24. If the this variable is used to call a constructor, __________.

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a. b. c. d.

a compiler error will result if it is not the first statement of the constructor a compiler error will result if it is the first statement of the constructor nothing will happen the this variable cannot be used as a constructor call

ANS: A 25. To compare two objects in a class, __________. a. b. c. d.

use the == operator (for example, object1 == object2) write a method to do a byte-by-byte compare of the two objects write an equals method that will make a field by field compare of the two objects This cannot be done since objects consist of several fields.

ANS: C 26. Which of the following is not true about static methods? a. They are created by placing the key word static after the access specifier in the method header. b. It is necessary for an instance of the class to be created to execute the method. c. They are called directly from the class. d. They are often used to create utility classes that perform operations on data but have no need to store and collect data.

ANS: B 27. If you attempt to perform an operation with a null reference variable __________. a. b. c. d.

the resulting operation will always be zero the results will be unpredictable the program will terminate Java will create an object to reference the variable

ANS: C 28. If object1 and object2 are objects of the same class, to make object2 a copy of object1 __________. a. write a method for the class that will make a field by field copy of object1 data members into object2 data members b. use the copy method that is a part of the Java language c. use the default constructor to create object2 with object1 data members d. use an assignment statement to make object2 a copy of object1 ANS: A 29. If you have defined a class, SavingsAccount, with a public static method, getNumberOfAccounts, and created a SavingsAccount object referenced by the variable account20, which of the following will call the getNumberOfAccounts method? a. b. c. d.

account20.getNumberOfAccounts(); SavingsAccount.getNumberOfAccounts(); getNumberOfAccounts(); SavingsAccount.account20.getNumberOfAccounts();

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ANS: B 30. If you have defined a class, SavingsAccount, with a public static data member named numberOfAccounts, and created a SavingsAccount object referenced by the variable account20, which of the following will assign numberOfAccounts to numAccounts? a. b. c. d.

numAccounts = account20.numAccounts; numAccounts = numOfAccounts; numAccounts = SavingsAccount.numberOfAccounts; numAccounts = account20;

ANS: C 31. Assume the class BankAccount has been created and the following statement correctly creates an instance of the class.

BankAccount account = new BankAccount(5000.00); What is true about the following statement?

System.out.println(account); a. b. c. d.

A runtime error will occur.

The method will display unreadable binary data on the screen.

The account object's toString method will be implicitly called.

A compiler error will occur.

ANS: C 32. Given the following declaration: enum Tree ( OAK, MAPLE, PINE ) What is the fully-qualified name of the PINE enum constant? a. enum.PINE b. PINE

c. Tree.PINE d. enum.Tree.PINE

ANS: C 33. Given the following declaration: enum Tree ( OAK, MAPLE, PINE ) What is the ordinal value of the MAPLE enum constant? a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 3

ANS: B 34. If the following is from the method section of a UML diagram, which of the statements below is true? + equals(object2:Stock) : boolean a. This is a public method that accepts a Stock object as its argument and returns a boolean value. b. This is a public method that returns a reference to a String object. c. This is a private method that receives two objects from the Stock class and returns a boolean value. d. This is a private method that returns a boolean value.

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ANS: A 35. If the following is from the method section of a UML diagram, which of the statements below is true? + add(object2:Stock) : Stock a. This is a private method named add that accepts and returns objects of the Stock class. b. This is a private method named Stock that adds two objects. c. This is a public method named add that accepts and returns references to objects in the Stock class. d. This is a public method named Stock that adds two objects.

ANS: C 36. Given the following method header, what will be returned from the method? public Rectangle getRectangle() a. b. c. d.

the address of an object of the Rectangle class the values stored in the data members of the Rectangle object a graph of a rectangle an object of the class Rectangle

ANS: A 37. A class that provides mutators to change the values of the class's fields is known as a(n) ______________ class. a. b. c. d.

immutable mutable malleable foundational

ANS: B 38. A class whose internal state cannot be changed is known as a(n) ______________ class. a. b. c. d.

immutable mutable concrete foundational

ANS: A 39. All fields in an immutable class should be declared _______________. a. b. c. d.

public and final private and final public and void private and static

ANS: B 40. Is the following class mutable or immutable? public final class Status

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{ private String code; public Status(String c) { code = c; } public void setCode(String c) { code = c; } public String getCode() { return code; } }

a. mutable b. immutable ANS: A 41. Is the following class mutable or immutable? public final class Status { private final String code; public Status(String c) { code = c; } public String getCode() { return code; } }

a. mutable b. immutable ANS: B

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 9 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes TRUE/FALSE 1. You cannot assign a value to a wrapper class object.

ANS: F 2. StringBuilder objects are not immutable.

ANS: T 3. If a string has more than one character used as a delimiter, you must write a loop to determine the tokens, one for each delimiter character.

ANS: F 4. The String class's valueOf method accepts a string representation as an argument and returns its equivalent integer value.

ANS: F 5. When working with the String and StringBuilder classes' getChars method, the character at the start position is included in the substring but the character at the end position is not included.

ANS: T 6. The String class's regionMatches method performs a case-insensitive comparison.

ANS: T 7. Most of the String comparison methods are case sensitive.

ANS: T 8. Trying to extract more tokens than exist from a StringTokenizer object will cause an error.

ANS: T 9. A wrapper class is a class that is "wrapped around" a primitive data type and allows you to create objects instead of variables.

ANS: T

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10. The wrapper classes in Java are immutable, which means that once you create an object, you cannot change the object's value.

ANS: T 11. If a non-letter is passed to the toLowerCase or toUpperCase method, it is returned unchanged.

ANS: T 12. You can change the contents of a StringBuilder object, but you cannot change the contents of a String object.

ANS: T 13. If you are using characters other than whitespaces as delimiters, you will probably want to trim the string before tokenizing; otherwise, the leading and/or following whitespaces will become part of the first and/or last token.

ANS: T 14. If a non-letter argument is passed to the toLowerCase or toUpperCase method, the boolean value false is returned.

ANS: F 15. The following statement correctly creates a StringBuilder object.

StringBuilder str = "Tuna sandwich"; ANS: F 16. The String class's isEmpty method returns true if the length of the calling string is 0.

ANS: T 17. The String class's isBlank method returns true if the calling string's length is 0, or it contains only whitespace characters.

ANS: T 18. The Double.parseDouble method converts a double to a string.

ANS: F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A series of words or other items of data, separated by spaces or other characters, is known as a __________.

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a. string

b. token

c. delimiter

d. caption

ANS: B 2. The term __________ is commonly used to refer to a string that is part of another string. a. nested string

b. literal

c. substring

d. delimiter

ANS: C 3. What is the term used for a class that is "wrapped around" a primitive data type and allows you to create objects instead of variables? a. intrinsic class b. enclosed object

c. wrapper class d. transitional object

ANS: C 4. The term ________ commonly is used to refer to a string that is part of another string. a. strand b. substring

c. character fragment d. nested string

ANS: B 5. The ________ character appears at the end (the right side) of a string, after the non-space characters. a. leading whitespace b. character return

c. trailing whitespace d. line feed

ANS: C 6. Autoboxing is __________. a. b. c. d.

Java's process of automatically "boxing up" a value inside an object the automatic allocation of array elements the process of assigning a default value to primitive data types the process of identifying tokens in a string

ANS: A 7. The term used for the character that separates tokens is __________. a. tokenizer

b. delimiter

c. whitespace

d. separator

ANS: B 8. The process of breaking a string down into tokens is known as __________. a. tokenizing

b. buffering

c. simplifying

d. parsing

ANS: A 9. The process of converting a wrapper class object to a primitive type is known as __________. a. simplifying

b. unboxing

c. parsing

d. devaluating

ANS: B

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10. When using the String class's trim method, a __________ cannot be trimmed. a. space

b. tab

c. semicolon

d. newline

ANS: C 11. The no-arg constructor for a StringBuilder object gives the object enough storage space to hold __________ characters. a. 0

b. 8

c. 16

d. 32

ANS: C 12. The __________ method of the String class can be used to tokenize a string. a. split

b. tokenize

c. trim

d. length

ANS: A 13. Which of the following statements converts a String object variable named str to an int and stores the value in the variable x? a. b. c. d.

int x = Integer.integer(str); int x - str; int x = Integer.parseInteger(str); int x = Integer.parseInt(str);

ANS: D 14. Which of the following statements converts an int variable named number to a string and stores the value in the String object variable named str? a. b. c. d.

String str = Integer.toString(number); String str = number.Integer.toString(str); String str = integer(number); String str = integer.toString(number);

ANS: A 15. Which of the following import statements is required to use the Character wrapper class? a. b. c. d.

import java.String; import java.lang.Char; import java.Char; No import statement is required

ANS: D 16. Which of the following statements will display the maximum value that a double can hold? a. b. c. d.

System.out.println(Double.MAX_VALUE); System.out.println(Double.MAXIMUM_VALUE); System.out.println(Double.MAX_VAL); System.out.println(<double>(MAX_VALUE));

ANS: A

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17. The __________ method returns a copy of the calling String object with all leading and trailing whitespace characters deleted. a. remove

b. trim

c. compress

d. concat

ANS: B 18. The String class's __________ method accepts a value of any primitive data type as its argument and returns a string representation of the value. a. trim

b. getChar

c. toString

d. valueOf

ANS: D 19. The __________ class is the wrapper class for the char data type. a. StringBuilder b. Integer

c. Character d. String

ANS: C 20. The StringBuilder class's insert method allows you to insert a(n) __________ into the calling object's string. a. char array b. primitive type

c. String object d. All of these

ANS: D 21. The Character wrapper class provides numerous methods for __________. a. b. c. d.

converting objects to primitive data types testing and converting character data testing and converting numeric literals performing operations with named constants

ANS: B 22. You can concatenate String objects by using the __________. a. b. c. d.

concat or trim methods concat method or the + operator concatenate or join methods concatenate method or the + operator

ANS: B 23. Any ___________ argument passed to the Character class's toLowerCase method or toUpperCase method is returned as it is. a. nonletter

b. char

c. string

d. static

ANS: A 24. Each of the numeric wrapper classes has a static ________ method that converts a number to a string. a. GetString

b. Parse

c. ToString

d. Convert

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ANS: C 25. What will be printed after the following code is executed?

String str = "abc456"; int m = 0; while ( m < 6 ) { if (Character.isLetter(str.charAt(m))) System.out.print( Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(m))); m++; } a. abc456

b. ABC456

c. ABC

d. 456

ANS: C 26. What will be the value of position after the following code is executed? int position; String str = "The cow jumped over the moon."; position = str.lastIndexOf("ov", 14); a. 14

b. 1

c. 0

d. -1

ANS: D 27. What would be the results of executing the following code?

StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("Little Jack Horner "); str.append("sat on the "); str.append("corner"); a. b. c. d.

The program would crash. str would reference "Little Jack Horner ". str would reference "Little Jac Horner sat on the ". str would reference "Little Jack Horner sat on the corner".

ANS: D 28. Given the following, which of the statements below is not true? str.insert(8, 32); a. b. c. d.

str is a StringBuilder type object.

The insert will start at position 32.

The starting position for the insert is 8.

The literal number 32 will be inserted.

ANS: B 29. What will be the value of position after the following code is executed? int position; String str = "The cow jumped over the moon."; position = str.indexOf("ov");

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a. 14

b. 15

c. 18

d. 17

ANS: B 30. In the following statement, what data type must recField be? str.getChars(5, 10, recField, 0); a. int

b. char[]

c. char

d. String

ANS: B 31. What will be displayed after the following code is executed?

String str = "RSTUVWXYZ"; System.out.println(str.charAt(5)); a. W

b. X

c. V

d. U

ANS: A 32. What will be displayed after the following code is executed?

String str = "abc456"; for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { char chr = str.CharAt(i); if (!Character.isLetter(chr)) System.out.print(Character.toUpperCase(chr)); } a. ABC

b. ABC456

c. 456

d. abc456

ANS: C 33. In the following code, how many times will the for loop execute?

String str = "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9"); String[] tokens = str.split(","); for (String s : tokens) System.out.println(s); a. 1

b. 5

c. 7

d. 9

ANS: D 34. In the following code, how many times will the for loop execute?

String str = ("Ben and Jerry's ice cream is great."); String[] tokens = str.split(" "); for (String s : tokens) System.out.println(s); a. 1

b. 3

c. 5

d. 7

ANS: D 35. What is the value of str after the following code has been executed?

String str;

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String sourceStr = "Hey diddle, diddle, the cat and the fiddle"; str = sourceStr.substring(12,17); a. diddle

b. diddl

c. didd

d. iddle

ANS: B 36. If str is declared as: String str = "ABCDEFGHI"; What will be returned from the following statement?

Character.toLowerCase(str.charAt(5)) a. e

b. E

c. f

d. F

ANS: C 37. Which of the following statements will convert the string, str = "285.74" to a double? a. b. c. d.

double x = str; double x = Double.parseDouble(str); double x = Double.Double(str); double x = str.Double.parseDouble;

ANS: B 38. Which of the following statements will convert the double variable, d = 543.98 to a string? a. b. c. d.

String str = Double.toString(d); String str = double.toString(d); String str = double(d); String str = d.Double.toString(str);

ANS: A 39. Which of the following statements will convert the string, str = "285" to an int? a. b. c. d.

int x = str; int x = Integer.parseInteger(str); int x = Integer.integer(str); int x = Integer.parseInt(str);

ANS: D 40. Which of the following statements will print the maximum value an int variable may have? a. b. c. d.

System.out.println(MAX_VALUE); System.out.println(integer.MAX_VALUE); System.out.println(Integer.MAX_VALUE); System.out.println(INTEGER.MAX_VALUE);

ANS: C 41. What are the tokens in the following statement?

StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("9-14-2018", "-", true);

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c. d. None of these

a. 9, 14, 2018 b. 9, 14, 2018, ANS: B 42. What are the tokens in the following code?

String str = "123-456-7890"; String[] tokens = str.split("-"); a. 123, 456,7890 b. 123, 456, 7890,-

c. d. None of these

ANS: A 43. What will be displayed after the following code is executed? boolean matches; String str1 = "The cow jumped over the moon."; String str2 = "moon"; matches = str1.endsWith(str1); System.out.println(matches); a. true

b. moon

c. false

d. The cow

ANS: C 44. What will be the value of matches after the following code is executed? boolean matches; String[] productCodes = {"456HI345", "3456hj"}; matches = productCodes[0].regionMatches(true, 1, productCodes[1], 2, 3); a. 56H

b. 56h

c. true

d. false

ANS: C 45. What will be displayed after the following code is executed?

String str1 = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."; String str2 = str1.substring(20, 26); System.out.println(str2); a. n fox

b. jumped

c. lazy d

d. x jump

ANS: B 46. What will be displayed after the following code is executed?

StringBuilder strb = new StringBuilder(12); strb.append("The cow "); strb.append("jumped over the "); strb.append("moon."); System.out.println(strb); a. The cow jumped over the moon. b. The cow jumped over the moon.

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c. The cow jump d. 12The cow jumped over the moon.

ANS: B 47. What will be displayed after the following statements are executed?

StringBuilder strb = new StringBuilder("We have lived in Chicago, Trenton, and Atlanta."); strb.replace(17, 24, "Tampa"); System.out.println(strb); a. b. c. d.

We have lived in Tampa, Trenton, and Atlanta.

We have lived in Chicago, Trenton, and Tampa.

We have lived in Chicago,Tampaon, and Atlanta.

We have lived in Chicago, Tampa, and Atlanta.

ANS: A 48. What will be displayed after the following statements are executed?

String str = "red$green&blue#orange"; String[] tokens = str.split("[$&#]"); for (String s : tokens) System.out.print(s + " "); a. b. c. d.

red green blue orange red $ green & blue # orange $ & # red[$&#]green[$&#]blue[$&#]orange

ANS: A 49. This String class method returns true if the calling string's length is 0 or it contains only whitespace characters. a. b. c. d.

isEmpty isBlank isNull isVoid

ANS: B 50. This String class method returns true if the calling string's length is 0, but returns false if the calling string contains only whitespace characters. a. b. c. d.

isEmpty isBlank isNull isVoid

ANS: A 51. This String class method returns true if the calling String object contains a specified substring. a. matches b. isOwnerOf c. substring

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d. contains ANS: D 52. This String class method adds or takes away spaces from the beginning of each line in a multiline string. a. b. c. d.

pad spacing indent margin

ANS: C 53. This String class method returns a string that contains the contents of the calling String object repeated a specified number of times. a. b. c. d.

replicate duplicate copy_n repeat

ANS: D 54. This method converts a string to an int and returns the int value. a. b. c. d.

int.ParseInt Integer.parseInt Integer.valueOf Integer.castInt

ANS: B 55. What will the following code display?

String str = "xyz".repeat(3).replace("yz", "ab").toUpperCase(); System.out.println(str); a. b. c. d.

XABXABXAB XYZXYZXYZ XABXYZXYZ XYZXYZXAB

ANS: A 56. What will the following code display?

String str = "a".repeat(3).replace("a", "z").toUpperCase(); System.out.println(str); a. b. c. d.

AAA AAAZZZ ZZZAAA ZZZ

ANS: D

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 10 Inheritance TRUE/FALSE 1. Because every class directly or indirectly inherits from the Object class, every class inherits the Object class's members.

ANS: T 2. If a method in a subclass has the same signature as a method in the superclass, the subclass method overrides the superclass method.

ANS: T 3. An abstract class is not instantiated itself but serves as a superclass for other classes.

ANS: T 4. You can write a super statement that calls a superclass constructor but only in the subclass's constructor.

ANS: T 5. In an inheritance relationship, the subclass constructor always executes before the superclass constructor.

ANS: F 6. Because the subclass is more specialized than the superclass, it is sometimes necessary for the subclass to replace inadequate superclass methods with more suitable ones.

ANS: T 7. When a subclass overrides a superclass method, only the subclass's version of the method can be called with a subclass object.

ANS: T 8. Inheritance involves a subclass, which is the general class, and a superclass, which is the specialized class.

ANS: F 9. It is not possible for a superclass to call a subclass's method.

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ANS: T 10. When a subclass extends a superclass, the public members of the superclass become public members of the subclass.

ANS: T 11. If two methods in the same class have the same name but different signatures, the second overrides the first.

ANS: F 12. Every class has a toString method and an equals method inherited from the Object class.

ANS: T 13. All methods in an abstract class must also be declared abstract.

ANS: F 14. A compiler error will result if an anonymous inner class tries to use a variable that is not final, or not effectively final.

ANS: T 15. A functional interface is simply an interface that has one abstract method.

ANS: T 16. A private method in an interface must have a body.

ANS: T 17. A functional interface must have at least two overloaded abstract methods.

ANS: F 18. You can write a lambda expression that does not return a value.

ANS: T 19. A lambda expression can have only one parameter.

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ANS: F 20. If an anonymous inner class extends a superclass, the superclass's no-arg constructor will be called when an object of the anonymous class is created.

ANS: T

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A __________ member's access is somewhere between public and private. a. package

b. protected

c. static

d. final

ANS: B 2. Which of the following shows the inheritance relationships among classes in a manner similar to that of a family tree? a. UML diagram b. CRC card

c. flowchart d. class hierarchy

ANS: D 3. In Java, a reference variable is __________ because it can reference objects of types different from its own, as long as those types are related to its type through inheritance. a. static

b. dynamic

c. polymorphic

d. public

ANS: C 4. A(n) __________ method is a method that appears in a superclass but expects to be overridden in a subclass. a. abstract

b. protected

c. static

d. overloaded

ANS: A 5. If a subclass constructor does not explicitly call a superclass constructor, __________. a. the superclass's fields will be set to the default values for their data types b. Java will automatically call the superclass's default or no-arg constructor immediately after the code in the subclass's constructor executes c. it must include the code necessary to initialize the superclass fields d. Java will automatically call the superclass's default or no-arg constructor just before the code in the subclass's constructor executes ANS: D 6. Which of the following is true about protected access? a. Protected members may be accessed by methods in the same package or in a subclass, even when the subclass is in a different package.

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b. Protected members may be accessed by methods in the same package or in a subclass, but only if the subclass is in the same package. c. Protected members cannot be accessed by methods in any other classes. d. Protected members are actually named constants.

ANS: A 7. All fields declared in an interface __________. a. b. c. d.

have protected access must be initialized in the class implementing the interface have private access are treated as final and static

ANS: D 8. If a class contains an abstract method __________. a. b. c. d.

you must create an instance of the class the method will only have a header, but not a body, and will end with a semicolon the method cannot be overridden in subclasses All of these are true.

ANS: D 9. In an inheritance relationship __________. a. the subclass constructor always executes before the superclass constructor b. the superclass constructor always executes before the subclass constructor c. the constructor with the lowest overhead always executes first regardless of inheritance in subclasses d. the unified constructor always executes first regardless of inheritance ANS: B 10. __________ is a special type of expression used to create an object that implements a functional interface. a. lambda

b. beta

c. alpha

d. sigma

ANS: A 11. What is required for an interface method that has a body? a. b. c. d.

The method header must begin with the keyword default.

A class that implements the interface must override the method.

The @Default annotation must precede the method header.

All of these are true.

ANS: A 12. __________ tells the Java compiler that a method is meant to override a method in the superclass. a. @Override b. @Overload

c. @Protected d. @Inherited

ANS: A

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13. The __________ keyword is used to call a superclass constructor explicitly. a. goto

b. this

c. super

d. extends

ANS: C 14. Which of the following is an example of a lambda expression? a. b. c. d.

int x = x * factor; IntCalculator = new divider(x, 2); IntCalculator multiplier = x -> x * factor; Any of these are examples of a lambda expression.

ANS: A 15. What type of relationship exists between two objects when one object is a specialized version of another object? a. "is a" b. "contains a"

c. "has a" d. "consists of"

ANS: A 16. A subclass can directly access __________. a. b. c. d.

only protected and private members of the superclass all members of the superclass only public and private members of the superclass only public and protected members of the superclass

ANS: D 17. When an "is a" relationship exists between objects, the specialized object has __________. a. b. c. d.

some of the characteristics of the general class, but not all, plus additional characteristics some, but not all, of the characteristics of the general object none of the characteristics of the general object all of the characteristics of the general object plus additional characteristics

ANS: D 18. If you don't provide an access specifier for a class member, the class member is given __________ access by default. a. private

b. public

c. protected

d. package

ANS: D 19. A protected member of a class may be directly accessed by __________. a. methods of the same class b. methods of a subclass

c. methods in the same package d. Any of these

ANS: D 20. All methods specified by an interface are __________. a. private

b. public

c. protected

d. static

ANS: B

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21. If a method in a subclass has the same signature as a method in the superclass, the subclass method __________ the superclass method. a. inherits b. overloads

c. overrides d. implements

ANS: C 22. In __________, inheritance is shown with a line that has an open arrowhead at one end that points to the superclass. a. pseudocode b. a UML diagram

c. a CRC card d. a hierarchy chart

ANS: B 23. In a class hierarchy __________. a. the more general classes are toward the right of the tree and the more specialized classes are toward the left b. the more general classes are toward the top of the tree and the more specialized classes are toward the bottom c. the more general classes are toward the left of the tree and the more specialized classes are toward the right d. the more general classes are toward the bottom of the tree and the more specialized classes are toward the top ANS: B 24. A subclass may call an overridden superclass method by __________. a. b. c. d.

prefixing its name with the super keyword and a dot (.) prefixing its name with the name of the superclass in parentheses using the extends keyword before the method is called calling the superclass method first and then calling the subclass method

ANS: A 25. Which keyword indicates that a class inherits from another class? a. final b. super

c. implements d. extends

ANS: D 26. When a method is declared with the __________ modifier, it cannot be overridden in a subclass. a. final

b. super

c. void

d. public

ANS: A 27. Which of the following is the operator used to determine whether an object is an instance of a particular class? a. equals b. instanceOf

c. >> d. isa

ANS: B

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28. A class becomes abstract when you place the __________ keyword in the class definition. a. super

b. extends

c. final

d. abstract

ANS: D 29. Protected class members can be denoted in a UML diagram with the __________ symbol. a. +

b. -

c. *

d. #

ANS: D 30. Which of the following statements declares Salaried as a subclass of PayType? a. b. c. d.

public class Salaried implements PayType public class PayType derives Salaried public class Salaried extends PayType public class Salaried derivedFrom(PayType)

ANS: C 31. If ClassC is derived from ClassB which is derived from ClassA, this would be an example of a. a chain of inheritance b. linear inheritance

c. multiple interfaces d. cascading classes

ANS: A 32. Which of the following statements correctly specifies two interfaces? a. b. c. d.

public class ClassA implements [Interface1, Interface2] public class ClassA implements (Interface1, Interface2) public class ClassA implements Interface1, Interface2 public class ClassA implements Interface1 | Interface2

ANS: C 33. In the following statement, which is the superclass? public class ClassA extends ClassB implements ClassC a. ClassA b. ClassB

c. ClassC d. cannot tell

ANS: B 34. In the following statement, which is the subclass? public class ClassA extends ClassB implements ClassC a. ClassA b. ClassB

c. ClassC d. cannot tell

ANS: A 35. In the following statement, which is the interface? public class ClassA extends ClassB implements ClassC a. ClassA

c. ClassC

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b. ClassB

d. all are interfaces

ANS: C 36. What is wrong with the following code? public class ClassB extends ClassA { public ClassB() { int init = 10; super(40); } } a. b. c. d.

Nothing is wrong with this code.

The method super is not defined.

The call to the method super must be the first statement in the constructor.

No values may be passed to super.

ANS: C 37. In the following code, what will the call to super do? public class ClassB extends ClassA { public ClassB() { super(40); System.out.println("This is the last statement "+ "in the constructor."); } } a. b. c. d.

This cannot be determined from the code.

It will call the method super and pass the value 40 to it as an argument.

It will call the constructor of ClassA that receives an integer as an argument.

The method super will have to be defined before we can say what will happen.

ANS: C 38. In the following code, which line has an error?

Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 a. Line 1

public interface Interface1 { int FIELDA = 55; public int methodA(double){} } b. Line 2

c. Line 3

d. Line 4

ANS: D 39. In the following code, which line in ClassA has an error?

Line 1 Line 2

public interface MyInterface {

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Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10 a. Line 6

int FIELDA = 55; public int methodA(double); } public class ClassA implements MyInterface { FIELDA = 60; public int methodA(double) { } } b. Line 7

c. Line 8

d. Line 9

ANS: C 40. In the following code, which line will cause a compiler error?

Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10 Line 11 Line 12 a. Line 4

public class ClassA { public ClassA() {} public int method1(int a){} public final int method2(double b){} } public ClassB extends ClassA { public ClassB(){} public int method1(int b){} public int method2(double c){} } b. Line 5

c. Line 10

d. Line 11

ANS: D 41. Given the following code: Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10 Line 11 Line 12 Line 13 Line 14 Line 15

public class ClassA { public ClassA() {} public void method1(int a){} } public class ClassB extends ClassA { public ClassB(){} public void method1(){} } public class ClassC extends ClassB { public ClassC(){} public void method1(){} }

Which method will be executed when the following statements are executed?

ClassC item1 = new ClassA(); item1.method1(); a. Line 4 b. Line 9

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c. Line 14 d. This is an error and will cause the program to crash.

ANS: D 42. Given the following code: Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10 Line 11 Line 12 Line 13 Line 14 Line 15

public class ClassA { public ClassA() {} public void method1(int a){} } public class ClassB extends ClassA { public ClassB(){} public void method1(){} } public class ClassC extends ClassB { public ClassC(){} public void method1(){} }

Which method1 will be executed when the following statements are executed?

ClassA item1 = new ClassB(); item1.method1(); a. b. c. d.

method1 on Line 4 method1 on Line 9 method1 on Line 14 This is an error and will cause the program to crash.

ANS: B 43. In the following code, what is missing from ClassA? Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10 a. b. c. d.

public interface MyInterface { int FIELDA = 55; public int methodA(double); } public class ClassA implements MyInterface { FIELDA = 60; public int methodB(double) { } }

It does not override methodA. It does not have a constructor.

It does not overload methodA. Nothing is missing. It is a complete class.

ANS: A 44. Given the following code, which statement is true?

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public class ClassB implements ClassA{ } a. b. c. d.

ClassA must override each method in ClassB. ClassB must override each method in ClassA. ClassB inherits from ClassA. ClassA inherits from ClassB.

ANS: B 45. If a subclass constructor does not explicitly call a superclass constructor __________. a. it must include the code necessary to initialize the superclass fields b. the superclass fields will be set to the default values for their data types c. Java will automatically call the superclass's default or no-arg constructor immediately after the code in the subclass's constructor executes d. Java will automatically call the superclass's default or no-arg constructor just before the code in the subclass's constructor executes ANS: D 46. Replacing inadequate superclass methods with more suitable subclass methods is known as __________. a. method upgrading b. tactical inheritance

c. method overriding d. method overloading

ANS: C 47. If two methods have the same name but different signatures they are __________. a. overridden b. overloaded

c. superclass methods d. subclass methods

ANS: B 48. When a subclass overloads a superclass method __________. a. b. c. d.

both methods may be called with a subclass object only the subclass method may be called with a subclass object only the superclass method may be called with a subclass object neither method may be called with a subclass object

ANS: A 49. When declaring class data members it is best to declare them as __________. a. private members b. public members

c. protected members d. restricted members

ANS: A 50. Assume the following code appears in a method.

Player p = new Player() { public String getName() { return "Player One";

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}}; In this code, what is Player? a. b. c. d.

The name of an interface The name of a class The name of an anonymous class Either the name of an interface or the name of a class

ANS: D 51. Assume the following code appears in a method.

Player p = new Player() { public String getName() { return "Player One"; }}; In this code, what does the variable p reference? a. b. c. d.

An object that is an instance of the Player class An object that is an instance of an anonymous class A static method named Player.getName The string "Player One"

ANS: B 52. This is the lambda operator. a. b. c. d.

[] (-) -> (lambda)

ANS: C 53. Assume the following interface exists. interface IntCalculator { int calculate(int number); } Which of the following statements correctly creates an object that implements the interface? a. b. c. d.

square = IntCalculator(x −> x * x); IntCalculator x −> x * x; IntCalculator square = x −> x * x; IntCalculator square(x * x);

ANS: C

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 11 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O TRUE/FALSE 1. The call stack is an internal list of all the methods that are currently executing.

ANS: T 2. When an object is serialized, it is converted into a series of bytes that contain the object's data.

ANS: T 3. A class must implement the Serializable interface in order for the objects of the class to be serialized.

ANS: T 4. If the class SerializedClass contains references to objects of other classes as fields, those classes must also implement the Serializable interface in order to be serialized.

ANS: T 5. When catching multiple exceptions that are related to one another through inheritance you should handle the more general exception classes before the more specialized exception classes.

ANS: F 6. When an exception is thrown by a method that is executing under several layers of method calls, a stack trace indicates the method executing when an exception occurred and all of the methods that were called in order to execute that method.

ANS: T 7. The throws clause causes an exception to be thrown.

ANS: F 8. When you deserialize an object using the readObject method, you must cast the return value to the desired class type.

ANS: T 9. In a try statement, the try clause must appear first, followed by all of the catch clauses, followed by the optional finally clause.

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ANS: T 10. A catch clause that uses a parameter variable of the Exception type is capable of catching any exception that extends the Error class.

ANS: F 11. When the code in a try block may throw more than one type of exception, you need to write a catch clause for each type of exception that could potentially be thrown.

ANS: T 12. The throw statement informs the compiler that a method throws one or more exceptions.

ANS: F 13. The ability to catch multiple types of exceptions with a single catch clause is known as multi-catch and was introduced in Java 7.

ANS: T 14. In versions of Java prior to Java 7 each catch clause could handle only one type of exception.

ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Beginning with Java7, to catch multiple exceptions with a single catch, you can use __________. a. multi-catch b. catch templates

c. multi-try d. catchAll

ANS: A 2. When you write a method that throws a checked exception, you must __________. a. b. c. d.

override the default error method ensure that the error will occur at least once each time the program is executed have a throws clause in the method header use each class only once in a method

ANS: C 3. When writing a string to a binary file or reading a string from a binary file, it is recommended that you use __________. a. b. c. d.

methods that use UTF-8 encoding the FileReader and Writer class methods the Scanner class methods the System.In and System.out methods

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ANS: A 4. All of the exceptions you will handle are instances of classes that extend the __________ class. a. RunTimeException b. IOException

c. Error d. Exception

ANS: D 5. All exceptions are instances of classes that extend the __________ class. a. RunTimeException b. Throwable

c. Error d. Exception

ANS: B 6. The catch clause __________. a. starts with the word catch followed by a parameter list in parentheses containing an ExceptionType parameter variable b. follows the try clause c. contains code to gracefully handle the exception type listed in the parameter list d. The catch clause does all of these ANS: D 7. What happens if a program does not handle an unchecked exception? a. b. c. d.

This isn't possible; the program must handle the exception.

The program is halted and the default exception handler handles the exception.

The exception is ignored.

A compiler error will occur.

ANS: B 8. If your code does not handle an exception when it is thrown, __________ prints an error message and crashes the program. a. the Java error handler. b. multi-catch

c. default exception handler d. try statement

ANS: C 9. A(n) __________ is an object that is generated in memory as the result of an error or an unexpected event. a. exception b. exception handler

c. default exception handler d. error message

ANS: A 10. A(n) __________ contains one or more statements that are executed and can potentially throw an exception. a. exception block b. catch block

c. try block d. error block

ANS: C

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11. When an exception is thrown __________. a. b. c. d.

it must always be handled by the method that throws it it must be handled by the program or by the default exception handler it may be ignored the program terminates even if the exception is handled

ANS: B 12. In a try/catch construct, after the catch statement is executed __________. a. the program returns to the statement following the statement in which the exception occurred b. the program terminates c. the program resumes at the statement that immediately follows the try/catch construct d. the program resumes at the first statement of the try statement ANS: C 13. A(n) __________ is a section of code that gracefully responds to exceptions when they are thrown. a. exception b. default exception handler

c. exception handler d. thrown class

ANS: C 14. In Java there are two categories of exceptions which are __________. a. unchecked and checked b. runtime and compile-time

c. critical and nominal d. static and dynamic

ANS: A 15. A file that contains raw binary data is known as a __________. a. binary file b. machine file

c. serial file d. raw data file

ANS: A 16. In order for an object to be serialized, its class must implement the __________ interface. a. Serial b. Serializable

c. ObjectOutputStream d. Writeable

ANS: B 17. An exception's default error message can be retrieved by using the __________ method. a. getMessage() b. getErrorMessage()

c. getDefaultMessage() d. getDefaultErrorMessage()

ANS: A 18. An exception object's default error message can be retrieved using the __________ method. a. getMessage b. getDefaultMessage

c. getDefaultErrorMessage d. getErrorMessage

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ANS: A 19. All of the exceptions that you will handle are instances of classes that extend the __________ class. a. IOException b. Exception

c. Error d. RunTimeException

ANS: B 20. To write data to a binary file, you create objects from which of the following classes? a. b. c. d.

File and Scanner BinaryFileWriter and BinaryDataWriter FileOutputStream and DataOutputStream File and PrintWriter

ANS: C 21. To read data from a binary file, you create objects from which of the following classes? a. b. c. d.

File and Scanner File and PrintWriter BinaryFileReader and BinaryDataReader FileInputStream and DataInputStream

ANS: D 22. If a random access file contains a stream of characters, which of the following statements would move the file pointer to the starting byte of the fifth character in the file? a. file.seek(4); b. file.seek(8);

c. file.seek(10); d. file.seek(5);

ANS: B 23. To serialize an object and write it to the file, use the __________ method of the ObjectOutputStream class. a. WriteObject b. SerializeObject

c. Serialize d. SerializeAndWrite

ANS: A 24. The numeric classes' parse methods all throw an exception of __________ type if the string being converted does not contain a convertible numeric value. a. NumberFormatException b. ParseIntException

c. ExceptionMessage d. FileNotFoundException

ANS: A 25. The try statement may have an optional __________ clause which must appear after all of the catch clauses. a. try-again b. finally

c. default d. abort

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ANS: B 26. In a multi-catch (introduced in Java 7) the exception types are separated in the catch clause by the __________ symbol. a. *

b. ?

c. |

d. &

ANS: C 27. When using the throw statement, if you don't pass a message to the exception object's constructor, then __________. a. b. c. d.

the exception will have a null message the exception will have a message containing the address of the exception the exception will have a default message describing the exception a compiler error will occur

ANS: A 28. The IllegalArgumentException class extends the RuntimeException class and is, therefore, __________. a. a checked exception class b. an unchecked exception class

c. never used directly d. None of these

ANS: B 29. If the code in a method can potentially throw a checked exception, then that method must __________. a. b. c. d.

handle the exception have a throws clause listed in the method header neither of these either of these

ANS: D 30. If a method does not handle a possible checked exception, what must the method have? a. a try clause in its header b. a catch clause in its header

c. a finally clause in its header d. a throws clause in its header

ANS: D 31. When an exception is thrown by code in its try block, the JVM begins searching the try statement for a catch clause that can handle it and passes control of the program to __________. a. b. c. d.

the last catch clause that can handle the exception each catch clause that can handle the exception the first catch clause that can handle the exception the statement that appears immediately after the catch block

ANS: C 32. Unchecked exceptions are those that inherit from the __________. a. Error class or the RuntimeException class b. Error class or the Exception class

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c. Error class d. ExceptionClass class or the RuntimeException class ANS: A 33. In Windows, which of the following statements will open the file, InputFile.txt, that is in the root directory on the C: drive? a. b. c. d.

FileReader freader = new FileReader("C:\InputFile.txt"); FileReader freader = new FileReader("C:\InputFile\txt"); FileReader freader = new FileReader("/c/InputFile.txt"); FileReader freader = new FileReader("C:\\InputFile.txt");

ANS: D 34. Classes that inherit from the Error class are for exceptions that are thrown when __________. a. b. c. d.

an IOException occurs, and the application program should not try to handle them a critical error occurs, and the application program should not try to handle them an IOException occurs, and the application program should try to handle them a critical error occurs, and the application program should try to handle them

ANS: B 35. The RandomAccessFile class treats a file as a stream of __________. a. bytes

b. characters

c. integers

d. data

ANS: A 36. What will be the result of the following statements?

FileInputStream fstream = new FileInputStream("Input.dat"); DataInputStream inFile = new DataInputStream(fstream); a. The inFile variable will reference an object that is able to read random access data from the Input.dat file. b. The inFile variable will reference an object that is able to read text data from the Input.dat file. c. The inFile variable will reference an object that is able to read binary data from the Input.dat file. d. The inFile variable will reference an object that is able to write binary data to the Input.dat file.

ANS: C 37. What will be the result of the following statements?

FileOutputStream fstream = new FileOutputStream("Output.dat"); DataOutputStream outputFile = new DataOutputStream(fstream); a. The outputFile variable will reference an object that is able to write text data only to the Output.dat file. b. The outputFile variable will reference an object that is able to write binary data to the Output.dat file. c. The outputFile variable will reference an object that is able to read binary data from the Output.dat file.

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d. The outputFile variable will reference an object that is able to write binary data to the Output.dat as a random access file.

ANS: B 38. In the following code, assume that inputFile references a Scanner object that has been successfully used to open a file: double totalIncome = 0.0; while (inputFile.hasNext()) { try { totalIncome += inputFile.nextDouble(); } catch(InputMismatchException e) { System.out.println("Non-numeric data encountered " + "in the file."); inputFile.nextLine(); } finally { totalIncome = 35.5; } } What will be the value of totalIncome after the following values are read from the file?

2.5 8.5 3.0 5.5 abc 1.0 a. 19.5.

b. 0.0

c. 35.5

d. 75.0

ANS: C 39. The following catch statement can __________. catch (Exception e) {...} a. b. c. d.

handle all throwable objects by using a polymorphic reference for the parameter handle all exceptions that are instances of the Exception class or one of its subclasses handle all exceptions that are instances of the Exception class but not its subclasses cause a compiler error

ANS: B 40. If the data.dat file does not exist, what will happen when the following statement is executed?

RandomAccessFile randomFile = new RandomAccessFile("data.dat", "rw"); a. An IOException will be thrown. b. The file, data.dat, will be created.

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c. A FileNotFoundException will be thrown. d. A compiler error will occur.

ANS: B 41. Given the following constructor code, which of the statements are true? public Book(String ISBNOfBook, double priceOfBook, int numberOrderedOfBook) { if (ISBNOfBook == "") throw new BlankISBN(); if (priceOfBook < 0) throw new NegativePrice(priceOfBook); if (numberedOrderedOfBook < 0) throw new NegativeNumberOrdered(numberOrderedv); ISBN = ISBNOfBook; price = priceOfBook; numberedOrdered = numberOrderedOfBook; } a. There is an error: a throws clause should be added to the constructor header. b. Classes extending the Exception class should be created for each of the custom exceptions that are thrown in the constructor. c. A FileNotFoundException will be thrown. The calling method must handle the exceptions thrown in the constructor, or have its own throws clause specifying them. d. All of these are true.

ANS: D 42. Assume that the classes BlankISBN, NegativePrice, and NegativeNumberOrdered are exception classes that inherit from Exception. The following code is a constructor for the Book class. What must be true about any method that instantiates the Book class with this constructor? public Book(String ISBNOfBook, double priceOfBook, int numberOrderedOfBook) { if (ISBNOfBook == "") throw new BlankISBN(); if (priceOfBook < 0) throw new NegativePrice(priceOfBook); if (numberedOrderedOfBook < 0) throw new NegativeNumberOrdered(numberOrderedv); ISBN = ISBNOfBook; price = priceOfBook; numberedOrdered = numberOrderedOfBook; } a. It must call the constructor with valid data or a compiler error will occur. b. It must contain an inner class that extends the IOException class. c. It must handle all of the possible exceptions thrown by the constructor or have its own throws clause specifying them. d. All of these are true.

ANS: C

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43. In a catch statement, what does the following code do?

System.out.println(e.getMessage()); a. b. c. d.

It prints the code that caused the exception.

It prints the stack trace.

It prints the error message for an exception.

It overrides the toString method.

ANS: C 44. If you want to append data to an existing binary file, BinaryFile.dat, which of the following statements would you use to open the file? a. FileOutputStream fstream = new FileOutputStream("BinaryFile.dat"); DataOutputStream binaryOutputFile = new DataOutputStream(fstream); b. FileOutputStream fstream = new FileOutputStream("BinaryFile.dat", false); DataOutputStream binaryOutputFile = new DataOutputStream(fstream); c. FileOutputStream fstream = new FileOutputStream("BinaryFile.dat", true); DataOutputStream binaryOutputFile = new DataOutputStream(fstream); d. IFileOutputStream fstream = new FileOutputStream("BinaryFile.dat"); DataOutputStream binaryOutputFile = new DataOutputStream(fstream, true); ANS: C 45. What will the following code display?

String input = "99#7"; int number; try { number = Integer.parseInt(input); } catch(NumberFormatException ex) { number = 0; } catch(RuntimeException ex) { number = 1; } catch(Exception ex) { number = -1; }

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System.out.println(number); a. -1

b. 0

c. 1

d. 99

ANS: B 46. The try-with-resources statement can open any resource object that implements this interface. a. b. c. d.

Resource Closeable AutoCloseable AutoResource

ANS: C 47. An extended try-with-resources statement has: a. b. c. d.

one or more catch clauses a finally clause one or more catch clauses but no finally clause one or more catch clauses and/or a finally clause

ANS: D 48. The FileNotFoundException class is a subclass of a. b. c. d.

IOException RuntimeException AutoCloseable Error

ANS: A

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 12 JavaFX: GUI Programming and Basic Controls TRUE/FALSE 1. The command line interface is an event-driven interface.

ANS: F 2. When programming in JavaFX, you should think of the GUI objects as nodes in a tree-like hierarchical structure known as a scene graph.

ANS: T 3. To display an image in a JavaFX application, you use either the Image or ImageView class.

ANS: F 4. The Pos type must be imported from the javafx.geometry package.

ANS: T 5. To preserve an image's aspect ratio you can use the ImageView class's PreserveAspectRatio method.

ANS: F 6. Layout containers provide methods for fine-tuning the way controls are arranged.

ANS: T 7. The BorderPane container always displays its content in five regions which are top, bottom, left, right, and center and each region must be used.

ANS: F 8. A GUI program automatically stops executing when the end of the main method is reached.

ANS: F 9. When a splash screen is displayed, the application does not load and execute until the user clicks the splash screen image with the mouse.

ANS: F

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10. An event object is created when an event takes place.

ANS: T 11. An event handler class will not be executed unless it has been registered with the correct control.

ANS: T 12. When a modeless dialog is displayed, the calling code is blocked from execution until the dialog is dismissed.

ANS: F 13. The Alert class's showAndWait method displays a modal dialog.

ANS: T

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not a way a user can interact with a computer? a. b. c. d.

command line console interface GUI All of these are ways for a user to interact with a computer.

ANS: D 2. Programs that operate in a GUI environment must be __________. a. event driven b. in color

c. dialog boxes d. layout managers

ANS: A 3. The __________ layout container arranges its contents with columns and rows. a. GridLayout b. GridPane

c. Grid d. CellManager

ANS: A 4. To add padding to an HBox you can call the __________ method. a. HBoxPadding b. SetHBoxPadding

c. setPadding d. setHboxPad

ANS: C 5. The HBox object's setPadding method takes a(n) __________as its argument.

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c. boolean d. integer

a. Insets method b. Insets object ANS: B

6. A(n) __________ is an action that takes place in an application, such as the clicking of a button. a. instance

b. effect

c. case

d. event

ANS: D 7. One important difference between the command line interface and a GUI interface is that __________. a. in command line the background color of the monitor will always be black but in a GUI it can be any color b. in a GUI environment the user determines the order in which things happen while the user has no control over the order or events in a command line interface c. users must type information in a command line interface but, when using a GUI, typing is never required d. All of these are important differences.

ANS: B 8. To display an image in a JavaFX application you must __________. a. b. c. d.

include either the Image or the ImageView class include both the setImage and the ViewImage classes include both the Image and the ImageView classes include either the setImage or the ViewImage class

ANS: C 9. For this question, assume myView references an ImageView object. In order to preserve the image's aspect ratio (so it does not appear stretched or distorted), you should use which of the following? a. b. c. d.

myView.setPreserveRatio(false); myView.setPreserveRatio(true); myView.setPreserveRatio(); Either (a) or (c) would work.

ANS: B 10. In order to leave 15 pixels of space in an HBox container, use which of the following statements? a. b. c. d.

myhbox = setPadding(15); myhbox.setPadding(15); myhbox.setPadding.Insets(15); myhbox.setPadding(new Insets(15));

ANS: D 11. The __________ layout container arranges the contents into cells, similar to a spreadsheet. a. GRID b. GridPane

c. GridPaneObj d. CellPane

ANS: B

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12. The Application class's __________ method is the main entry point for a JavaFX application. a. start

b. init

c. addWindow

d. mainFX

ANS: A 13. An action that takes place while a program is running is a(n) __________. a. event source b. event handler

c. event d. event object

ANS: C 14. When an event takes place, the control responsible for the event creates an event __________. a. source

b. object

c. handler

d. firing

ANS: B 15. The process of connecting an event handler object to a control is called __________ the event handler. a. passing

b. registering

c. applying

d. rendering

ANS: B 16. Which of the following import statements is required in order to write an event handler class? a. b. c. d.

import javafx.event.EventHandler; import javafx.event.ActionEvent; import javafx.EventHandler; import javafx.EventHandler.event;

ANS: A 17. Which of the following import statements is required in order to create a BorderPane layout container? a. b. c. d.

import javafx.scene.layout.Box; import javafx.scene.layout; import javafx.layout.scene.BorderPane; import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;

ANS: D 18. What method do you call to register an event handler with a Button control? a. setAction b. onClickAction

c. setOnClick d. setOnAction

ANS: D 19. To create a TextField control, you use the __________ class which is in the __________ package. a. b. c. d.

TextField, javafx.text.control TextField, javafx.scene.control TextBox, javafx.scene.control TextField, javafx.textfield

ANS: B

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20. To retrieve text that a user has typed into a TextField control, you call the __________ method. a. inputText b. getInput

c. getText d. getInputText

ANS: C 21. If a BorderPane region does not contain anything, __________. a. b. c. d.

the region will appear gray by default the region will not appear in the GUI an error will occur content from an adjacent region will be duplicated to appear in the empty region

ANS: B 22. If you set a scene's size to a width and height that is smaller than the width and height of the image to be displayed ___________. a. b. c. d.

only part of the image will be displayed the image will only occupy part of the window the scene will automatically be resized to fit the image the image will automatically be resized to fit the window

ANS: A 23. What does the following statement do?

Image puppy = new Image("file:C:\\images\terrier.jpg"); a. It creates an instance of the ImageView class with the terrier.jpg file passed to the constructor. b. It loads an image named "images\terrier.jpg" and stores the image in the Image variable. c. It loads an image file named terrier.jpg which is found in the images folder on the user's C-drive. d. Nothing; it is not possible to include a path to a file when using the Image class.

ANS: C 24. Assuming three ImageView objects named puppy, kitten, and bunny have been created, what does the following statement do?

HBox hbox = new HBox(5, puppy, kitten, bunny); a. The number 5 refers to the number of ImageView objects so there will be two empty spots for two more ImageView objects. b. There will be five pixels of space between the controls horizontally in the container. c. The controls will be displayed vertically with five pixels between them. d. The statement does nothing; it contains an error.

ANS: B 25. Which of the following statements correctly adds a label to the first row and second column of a GridPane object? a. gridpane.add(myLabel, 1, 2);

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b. gridpane.add(myLabel, 2, 1); c. gridpane.add(myLabel, 0, 1); d. gridpane.add(myLabel, 1, 0); ANS: C 26. Which of the following statements correctly creates a Warning alert dialog? a. b. c. d.

WarningAlert alert = new WarningAlert(); Alert alert = new Alert("Warning"); Alert alert = new Alert(AlertType.WARNING); Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.WARNING);

ANS: C

MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Select all that apply. Given the statement shown below, which of the following statements are true?

Scene scene = new Scene(hbox, 100, 500); a. b. c. d.

The width of the scene will be 100 pixels.

The height of the scene will be 100 pixels.

A Scene object named scene will be created.

The root node is hbox.

ANS: A, C, D 2. Select all that apply. Which of the following file types are supported by the Image class? a. BMP

b. JPEG

c. GIF

d. PNG

ANS: A, B, C, D 3. Select all that apply. Which of the following are constructors of the BorderPane class? a. b. c. d. e.

BorderPane() BorderPane(top, bottom) BorderPane(center) BorderPane(left, right) BorderPane(center, top, right, bottom, left)

ANS: A, C, E 4. Select all that apply. Which of the following are regions where content can be displayed in the BorderPane layout container? a. top and bottom b. center

c. above and below center d. left and right

ANS: A, B, D 5. Select all that apply. Which of the following are nodes that can be used in a scene graph? a. tree node

b. root node

c. leaf node

d. branch node

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ANS: B, C, D 6. Select all that apply. It may be possible to simplify event handler code by using which of the following? a. nested classes b. anonymous inner classes

c. lambda expressions d. listener expressions

ANS: B, C

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 13 JavaFX: Advanced Controls TRUE/FALSE 1. In JavaFX all CSS properties begin with -fx-.

ANS: T 2. In a JavaFX application, a CSS type selector corresponds to a specific JavaFX node.

ANS: T 3. In a JavaFX application, you must recompile the application each time you make a change to the stylesheet.

ANS: F 4. Styles specified with the .root selector take precedence over styles applied to any other node.

ANS: F 5. CSS uses the RGB color system to define colors and colors can be specified using six hexadecimal numbers preceded by the # symbol.

ANS: T 6. Radio buttons are normally used when you want the user to be able to select one or more options from a group of several possible options.

ANS: F 7. When the user selects an item in a ListView, a change event occurs.

ANS: T 8. A ComboBox differs only from a ListView in that a ComboBox must have a minimum of three items.

ANS: F 9. A TextArea is a multiline TextField that can accept or display several lines of text.

ANS: T

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10. To create a mutually exclusive relationship between RadioMenuItem controls, you must group them in a ToggleGroup object.

ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. On a web page, the __________ specifies what information to display and the __________ specifies how that information should be displayed. a. HTML, JavaFX b. code, CSS

c. HTML, CSS d. CSS, HTML

ANS: C 2. How would a stylesheet named javafxstyles.css be applied to a JavaFX application, assuming that scene is the variable that refers to a Scene object? a. b. c. d.

scene.getStyles().add("javafxstyles.css"); scene.getStylesheets().add(javafxstyles.css); scene.getStylesheets().add("javafxstyles.css"); scene.addStylesheets().get("javafxstyles.css");

ANS: C 3. The type of control normally used when you want the user to only be allowed to select one option from several possible options is the __________. a. Button b. RadioButton

c. CheckBox d. Any of these

ANS: B 4. In a JavaFX CSS style definition, if a selector name starts with a period, that selector corresponds to a __________. a. value entered by the user b. specific JavaFX node

c. named color d. specific variable in the application

ANS: B 5. To apply specific styles to all of the nodes in a scene, use the __________ selector. a. .stage

b. .top

c. .root

d. .all

ANS: C 6. In the hexadecimal color value #CCAA99, the CC refers to the __________ color component? a. red

b. blue

c. green

d. yellow

ANS: A 7. Which of the following creates a custom style class that will allow a Button control to appear with a blue background and yellow text? a. .button-color {

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-fx- background-color: blue; -fx- text-fill: yellow; } b. .button-color { -fx- bgcolor: blue; -fx- textfill: yellow; } c. .blue-button { background-color: blue; text-fill: yellow; } d. .blue-button { -fx- background: blue; -fx- text: yellow; } ANS: A 8. If you have two RadioButtons (dogRadio and catRadio), how should you code them to create a mutually exclusive relationship? a. ToggleGroup radioGroup = new ToggleGroup(); dogRadio.setToggleGroup(radioGroup); catRadio.setToggleGroup(radioGroup): b. ToggleGroup radioGroup = new radioGroup(); dogRadio.setToggle(radioGroup); catRadio.setToggle(radioGroup): c. dogRadio.setToggleGroup(); catRadio.setToggleGroup(): d. ToggleGroup dogRadio = new ToggleGroup(); ToggleGroup catRadio = new ToggleGroup(); ANS: A 9. Which of the following will create a CheckBox that displays pizza and shows up as selected? a. CheckBox checkOne.setSelected(true) = "pizza"; b. CheckBox checkOne = new CheckBox("pizza"); checkOne.setSelected(true); c. CheckBox checkOne = new CheckBox("pizza"); CheckBox.setSelected(false); d. CheckBox checkOne("pizza") = setSelected(true); ANS: B 10. The control that displays a list of items and allows the user to select an item from the list is the __________ control. a. List b. SelectionList

c. ListView d. ArrayList

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ANS: C 11. To replace a ListView control's existing items with a new list of items, use the __________ method. a. getItems.addAll() b. getItems().setAll()

c. getItems().addAll() d. getItems.setAll()

ANS: B 12. Which of the following statements will allow a user to type input into a field of a ComboBox named myComboBox? a. b. c. d.

ComboBox.setEditable; myComboBox.setEditable(true); ComboBox.setEditable(myComboBox); myComboBox = ComboBox.setEditable(true);

ANS: B 13. Which of the following statements creates a Slider with a range of 1 to 20 with a starting value of 1? a. b. c. d.

Slider slider = new Slider(0, 20, 1); Slider slider = new slider(0.0, 20.0, 1.0); Slider slider = new Slider(1.0, 20.0, 1.0); Slider slider = new Slider(1.0, 20);

ANS: C 14. Which of the following statements creates an empty TextArea? a. b. c. d.

TextArea textArea = new TextArea(); TextArea textArea = new TextArea(" "); TextArea = new textArea(); TextArea textArea = new TextArea.textArea("");

ANS: A 15. Adding RadioButton controls to a __________ object creates a mutually exclusive relationship between them. a. MutualGroup b. RadioGroup

c. ToggleGroup d. ExcludeGroup

ANS: C 16. The __________ control uses a drop-down list as its display. a. DropList

b. ItemList

c. TextList

d. ListView

ANS: D 17. The __________ class is used to create a menu bar. a. MenuBar

b. Menu

c. MenuItem

d. Bar

ANS: A

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18. What happens when the following code is executed?

ComboBox<string> myComboBox = new ComboBox<>(); myComboBox.getItems().addAll(5, 10, 15, 20); a. A ComboBox displaying the numbers 5, 10, 15, and 20 will be created. b. The values 5, 10, 15, and 20 will be added to a ComboBox named myComboBox. c. The values 5, 10, 15, and 20 will be converted to strings and added a new ComboBox named myComboBox. d. A compiler error will occur.

ANS: D 19. To build a menu system you must __________. a. b. c. d.

create a MenuBar object create the Menu objects and register an event handler for each menu item object Add the MenuBar object to the scene graph All of these are necessary steps.

ANS: D 20. Which of the following statements will set a ListView control, puppyListView, to be 300 pixels high and 200 pixels wide? a. b. c. d.

puppyListView.setSize(200, 300); puppyListView.setSize(300, 200); puppyListView.setPrefSize(200, 300); puppyListView.setPrefSize(300, 200);

ANS: C 21. Which of the following is a CSS named color? a. maroon

b. crimson

c. lavender

d. All of these

ANS: D 22. In CSS, selector names that begin with a period are called __________ selectors. a. class

b. node

c. type

d. object

ANS: C 23. Which CSS type selector corresponds with the TextField JavaFX class? a. text-box b. text-field

c. text-area d. text

ANS: B 24. What does the following code do, assuming there is a variable that references a Scene object? myScene.getStylesheets().add("sceneStyles.css"); a. It adds a stylesheet named sceneStyles to Scene. b. It adds a stylesheet named myScene to Scene.

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c. The getStylesheets method returns an object containing the scene's collection of stylesheets and that object's add method adds sceneStyles.css to the collection. d. The getStylesheets method gets sceneStyles.css and adds it to the to the myScene object.

ANS: C 25. Given the following styles, what size will the text of the label be? .root { -fx- font-size: 12pt; } .label { -fx- font-size: 18pt; } a. b. c. d.

12 pts 18 pts 15 pts This will cause an error because there are duplicate font-size styles.

ANS: B MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Select all that apply. The SetStyle method is used to apply style rules directly to a JavaFX node.

This method __________. a. b. c. d.

allows you to pass only one style rule at a time, as a string argument allows you to pass multiple style rules as string arguments is considered a better way to add styles than using a stylesheet removes any styles that were previously applied to that node

ANS: B, D 2. Select all that apply. Which of the following classes inherit from the Region class? a. Label b. RadioButton

c. CheckBox d. ListBox

ANS: A, B, C 3. Select all that apply. Which of the following are possible selection nodes available to the ListView control? a. multiple selection mode b. single selection mode

c. multiple interval selection mode d. single interval selection mode

ANS: B, C 4. Select all that apply. Which of the following methods can be used with both ArrayLists and ObservableLists? a. the get method b. the size method

c. the remove method d. the set method

ANS: A, B, C, D 5. Select all that apply. Which of the following ComboBox methods require a boolean argument? a. getValue

c. setEditable

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b. setVisibleRowCount

d. setValue

ANS: C

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 14 JavaFX: Graphics, Effects, and Media TRUE/FALSE 1. In a window that is 640px wide by 480px high, the top right X, Y coordinates would be (0, 480).

ANS: F 2. To create a circle, you need to specify only the X and Y coordinates of the center point.

ANS: F 3. A polygon, created by the Polygon class is, by default, filled with the color black.

ANS: T 4. The following statement will draw the string "Welcome!" starting at the top left corner of the screen.

Text welcomeText = new Text(0, 0, "Welcome!"); ANS: T 5. To make a node half its original size, you pass the setScaleX method the value 2 and pass the setScaleY method the value 0.5.

ANS: F 6. JavaFX provides transition classes that allow the creation of animations by causing a node to change, over time, from one state to another.

ANS: T 7. The Rotate class creates a rotating animation.

ANS: F 8. The FillTransition class works only with objects of the Shape class or one of its subclasses.

ANS: T 9. Since the Node class's setEffect method only accepts one effect object as an argument, it is impossible to combine effects.

ANS: F 10. The setInterpolator method allows you to specify how a transition begins and ends.

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ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Given a window that is 640 (width) by 480 (height), which of the following represents the lowest position on the left side? a. (639, 0)

b. (0, 639)

c. (0, 479)

d. (479, 0)

ANS: C 2. Which of the following import statements must be used in order to use the Color class? a. b. c. d.

import.javafx.scene.Paint.color; import.javafx.scene.paint.Color; import.javafx.paint.color; import.javafx.scene.Color;

ANS: B 3. Which of the following creates a blue circle centered at X = 50, Y = 50 with a radius of 50? a. Circle blueCircle = new Circle(50, 50, 50); blueCircle.setFill(Color.BLUE); b. Circle blueCircle = new Circle(50, 50); blueCircle.setStroke(Color.BLUE); c. Circle blueCircle = new Circle(50, 50, 50, Color.BLUE); d. Circle blueCircle = new blueCircle(50); blueCircle.setColor(BLUE); ANS: A 4. The __________ arc type causes a straight line to be drawn from one endpoint of the arc to the other endpoint. a. ArcType.ROUND b. ArcType.CLOSED

c. ArcType.CHORD d. ArcType.OPEN

ANS: C 5. Which class creates an animation in which a node rotates? a. Rotate b. RotateTransition

c. NodeRotation d. NodeRotate

ANS: B 6. To create an animation in which a node fades in or out over a period of time, use the __________ class. a. Fade b. FillTransition

c. FadeTransition d. Fill

ANS: C

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7. The __________ class is used to move a node from one position on the screen to another. a. AnimationTransition b. MoveTransition

c. RotateTransition d. TranslateTransition

ANS: D 8. The __________ class specifies the amount of time an animation should last. a. Time

b. Clock

c. Duration

d. TimeSpan

ANS: C 9. To animate a node with the ScaleTransition class, you specify starting and ending __________. a. sizes

b. colors

c. angles

d. scale factors

ANS: D 10. Which effect class do you use to increase an image's brightness? a. Glow b. Reflection

c. ColorAdjust d. SepiaTone

ANS: C 11. To combine several effects, use the Effect class's __________ method. a. setInput b. combineEffect

c. addEffect d. Effects cannot be combined.

ANS: A 12. Which of the following is a subclass of Node? a. Media b. MediaPlayer

c. Both of these d. Neither of these

ANS: D 13. Any time a user presses a key, a __________ event occurs. a. KEY_TYPED b. KEY_PRESSED

c. KEY_RELEASED d. KEY_EVENT

ANS: B 14. Which mouse event occurs when the user presses and releases the mouse button? a. MOUSE_PRESSED b. MOUSE_RELEASED

c. MOUSE_CLICKED d. MOUSE_DRAGGED

ANS: C 15. Which of the following code snippets creates a Line and uses a RotateTransition object to animate it for seven seconds? a. Line myLine = new Line(25, 50, 100, 50); RotateTransition rtrans =

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new RotateTransition(new Duration(7000), myLine); b. Line myLine = new Line(25, 50, 100, 50); RotateTransition rtrans = new RotateTransition(new Duration(7), myLine); c. Line myLine = new Line(25, 50, 100, 50); RotateTransition rtrans = new Duration(7000), myLine; d. Line myLine = new Line(25, 50); RotateTransition rtrans = new RotateTransition(new Duration(7000), Line); ANS: A 16. What does the following code snippet do?

Circle myCircle = new Circle(50, 50, 25); TranslateTransition rtrans = new TranslateTransition(new Duration(5000), myCircle); a. b. c. d.

It creates a circle with center point (50, 25), radius = 50, and duration = 5000 seconds.

It creates a circle with center point (50, 50), radius = 25, and duration = 5 seconds.

It creates a circle with center point (25, 50), radius = 25, and duration = 5 seconds.

It creates a circle with center point (50, 25), radius = 50, and duration = 50 seconds.

ANS: B 17. What does the following code snippet do when the animation is played, given that imageView has been created?

FadeTransition ftrans = new FadeTransition (new Duration(5000), imageView); ftrans.setFromValue(1.0); ftrans.setToValue(0.5); ftrans.play(): a. The image will be completely opaque when displayed and will decrease to 50% opacity over the five seconds of the animation. b. The image will be completely invisible when displayed and will increase to 50% opacity over the five seconds of the animation. c. The image will be completely opaque when displayed and will increase to 50% opacity over the five minutes of the animation. d. The image will be 50% opaque when displayed and will increase to 100% over the five seconds of the animation.

ANS: A 18. Which of the following statements draws the string "Love to animate!" starting at coordinates (200, 50)? a. b. c. d.

Text myText = new myText(200, 50, "Love to animate!"); Text myText = new Text(50.0, 200.0, "Love to animate!"); Text myWords = new Text(200.0, 50.0, "Love to animate!"); Text Words = new Words(200, 50, "Love to animate!");

ANS: C

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19. Which transition class causes a node to become larger or smaller? a. FillTransition b. SizeTransition

c. ScaleTransition d. TranslateTransition

ANS: C 20. All the transition classes inherit a method named __________ which allows you to specify how the animation begins and ends. a. setFromTo b. setInterpolator

c. setInterpreter d. setStartEnd

ANS: B MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Select all that apply. Which of the following are constructors of the Rectangle class? a. b. c. d.

Rectangle(width, height, stroke) Rectangle(width, height) Rectangle(X, Y, width, height) Rectangle(width, height, fill)

ANS: B, C, D 2. Select all that apply. Which of the following are subclasses of the Animation class and the Transition class? a. StrokeTransition b. TextFillTransition

c. ReverseTransition d. ScaleTransition

ANS: A, D 3. Select all that apply. Which of the following classes are used to play an audio file? a. MediaView b. Media

c. MediaPlayer d. AudioPlayer

ANS: B, C 4. Select all that apply. Which of the following classes are used to play videos? a. MediaView b. Media

c. MediaPlayer d. VideoPlayer

ANS: A, B, C 5. Select all that apply. Which of the following will cause a counterclockwise rotation of a RotateTransition object, rtrans? a. rtrans.setFromAngle(60.0); rtrans.setByAngle(15.0); b. rtrans.setFromAngle(-60.0); rtrans.setByAngle(15.0); c. rtrans.setFromAngle(60.0);

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rtrans.setByAngle(-15.0); d. rtrans.setAngle(60.0, 15.0); ANS: B, C 6. Select all that apply. Which of the following are special effects that can be applied to nodes in a scene graph? a. b. c. d.

a shadow appears behind a node a glow appears a shadow appears inside the edges of a node an image has a sepia tone appearance

ANS: A, B, C, D 7. Select all that apply. Which of the following are key events? a. b. c. d.

when a user rolls a mouse over the monitor when a user presses a key when a user presses and releases a key that produces a Unicode character when a user releases a key

ANS: B, C, D 8. Select all that apply. Which of the following are transition classes? a. FadeTransition b. StrokeTransition

c. RotateTransition d. RunTransition

ANS: A, B, C 9. Select all that apply. Which of the following are mouse event types? a. MOUSE_CLICKED b. MOUSE_MOVED

c. MOUSE_LIFTED d. MOUSE_PRESSED

ANS: A, B, D 10. Select all that apply. Which of the following are possible states of a MediaPlayer object? a. READY

b. PLAYING

c. PAUSED

d. STOPPED

ANS: A, B, C, D

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 15 Recursion TRUE/FALSE 1. Any problem that can be solved recursively can also be solved iteratively, with a loop.

ANS: T 2. Whereas a recursive algorithm might result in faster execution time, the programmer might be able to design an iterative algorithm faster.

ANS: F 3. The recursive case does not require recursion so it stops the chain of recursive calls.

ANS: F 4. Without a base case, a recursive method will call itself only once and stop.

ANS: F 5. A problem can be solved recursively if it can be broken down into successive smaller problems that are identical to the overall problem.

ANS: T 6. The Towers of Hanoi is a mathematical game that is often used in computer science textbooks to illustrate the power of recursion.

ANS: T 7. A recursive method can have only one base case.

ANS: F 8. The recursive binary search algorithm is a good example of repeatedly breaking a problem down into smaller pieces until it is solved.

ANS: T 9. Recursion is never absolutely required to solve a problem.

ANS: T 10. Recursion can be a powerful tool for solving repetitive problems and is an important topic in upperlevel computer science courses.

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ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following problems can be solved recursively? a. greatest common denominator b. Towers of Hanoi

c. binary search d. All of these.

ANS: D 2. A method that calls itself is a __________ method. a. recursive

b. redundant

c. binary

d. derived

ANS: A 3. A recursive method must have which of the following? a. b. c. d.

a statement that increments the control variable a control variable initialized to a starting value some way to control the number of time it repeats All of these

ANS: C 4. In a recursive program, the number of times a method calls itself is known as the __________. a. call count b. cyclic identity

c. method heap d. depth of recursion

ANS: D 5. The actions performed by the JVM that take place with each method call are sometimes referred to as __________. a. overhead

b. allocation

c. overflow

d. retention

ANS: A 6. The __________ is at least one case in which a problem can be solved without recursion. a. recursive case b. base case

c. termination point d. pont of absolution

ANS: B 7. In the __________, the problem must be reduced to a smaller version of the original problem. a. partition case b. base case

c. lessening case d. recursive case

ANS: D 8. When recursive methods directly call themselves, it is known as __________. a. direct recursion b. indirect recursion

c. basic recursion d. static recursion

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ANS: A 9. __________ occurs when method A calls method B which in turn calls method A. a. dynamic recursion b. linear recursion

c. direct recursion d. indirect recusion

ANS: D 10. A method is called from the main method for the first time. It then calls itself seven times. What is the depth of recursion? a. 1

b. 7

c. 8

d. 6

ANS: B 11. To use recursion for a binary search, what is required before the search can proceed? a. b. c. d.

The array must include only integers.

The array can only include numerical values.

The array must be sorted.

All of these are required.

ANS: C 12. In the following code that uses recursion to find the factorial of a number, what is the base case? private static int factorial(int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; else return n * factorial(n - 1); } a. factorial(int n) b. if (n == 0) return 1; c. else return n * factorial(n - 1); d. Cannot tell from this code ANS: B 13. Given the following code that uses recursion to find the factorial of a number, how many times will the else clause be executed if n = 5? private static int factorial(int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; else return n * factorial(n - 1); }

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a. 3

b. 4

c. 5

d. 6

ANS: C 14. In the following code that uses recursion to find the greatest common divisor of a number, what is the base case? public static int gcd(int x, int y) { if (x % y == 0) return y; else return gcd(y, x % y); } a. gcd(int x, int y) b. if (x % y == 0) return y; c. else return gcd(y, x % y); d. Cannot tell from this code ANS: B

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 8e, GE (Gaddis) Chapter 16 Databases TRUE/FALSE 1. Although SQL is a language, you don't use it to write applications.

ANS: T 2. The columns in a table are assigned SQL data types.

ANS: T 3. In SQL the equal operator is ==, the same as Java.

ANS: F 4. SQL does not provide functions for performing calculations.

ANS: F 5. Systems designers commonly use UML diagrams to show the relationships between database tables.

ANS: F 6. No two rows in a table can have the same value in the primary key column.

ANS: T 7. In SQL the REFERENCES qualifier ensures referential integrity between tables.

ANS: T 8. SQL statements that are stored in the DBMS are called resident queries.

ANS: F 9. In a transaction, all updates to the database must be successfully executed.

ANS: T 10. The term commit refers to undoing changes in a database.

ANS: F

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MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following do most developers prefer to use when developing applications that work with an intensive amount of data? a. text files b. binary files

c. a database management system d. Java DB

ANS: C 2. The standard language for working with database management systems is __________. a. SQL

b. BASIC

c. ADA

d. COBOL

ANS: A 3. The DBMS works directly with the data and sends the results of operations __________. a. back to the application b. along the encrypted data path

c. to the unified data component d. back to the Web server

ANS: A 4. SQL stands for __________. a. structured query language b. standard equivalent language

c. semiconductor qualified language d. simple equation library

ANS: A 5. The data that is stored in a row of a database is divided into __________. a. sections

b. tables

c. bytes

d. columns

ANS: D 6. What will happen if you try to store duplicate data in a primary key column? a. b. c. d.

The column will be duplicated.

An error will occur.

The duplicate data will have concurrency issues.

The primary key column will not display the duplicate data.

ANS: B 7. A result set is an object that is somewhat similar to a collection and it __________. a. contains the result of a SQL statement b. allows the program to execute a SQL statement c. predicts the outcome of a SQL statement d. provides the rules for how a SQL statement should be executed ANS: A 8. The __________ type of SQL statement is used to retrieve the rows from a table. a. GET

b. SELECT

c. READ

d. RETRIEVE

ANS: B

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9. Of the following column names, which one is most likely a primary key column? a. Price b. Description

c. ItemNumber d. Quantity

ANS: C 10. Which of the following shows how a single quote (') is represented as part of a string in SQL? a. _'

b. "'"

c. /'

d. ''

ANS: D 11. Which of the following is the not-equal-to operator in SQL? a. !=

b. NOT

c. ||

d. <>

ANS: D 12. Which of the following can be used as a wildcard to represent a single character in SQL? a. percent sign ( % ) b. dollar sign ( $ )

c. underscore ( _ ) d. asterisk ( * )

ANS: C 13. The __________ SQL operator can be used to perform a search for a substring. a. STR

b. LIKE

c. WHERE

d. SUB

ANS: B 14. The __________ SQL operator can be used to disqualify search criteria in a WHERE clause. a. AND

b. NOT

c. EXCLUDE

d. NOR

ANS: B 15. To sort the results of a SQL query, you can use the __________ clause. a. SORT BY

b. ALIGN ROW

c. ORDER BY

d. ASCEND

ANS: C 16. Which of the following is the Statement interface method that should be used to execute a SELECT statement? a. executeSQL b. executeStatement

c. executeUpdate d. executeQuery

ANS: D 17. Which of the following is the Statement interface method that should be used to execute an INSERT statement. a. executeSQL b. executeStatement

c. executeUpdate d. executeQuery

ANS: C

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18. The __________ statement is used in SQL to insert a new row into a table, a. UPDATE

b. ADD

c. NEW

d. INSERT

ANS: D 19. In SQL, the __________ statement is used to change the contents of an existing row in a table. a. SET ROW

b. CHANGE

c. UPDATE

d. REFRESH

ANS: C 20. In SQL, the __________ statement is used to delete one or more rows from a table. a. DELETE

b. DROP ROW

c. REMOVE

d. PURGE

ANS: A 21. In SQL, the __________ statement can be used to create a database table. a. NEW TABLE b. MAKE TABLE

c. BUILD TABLE d. CREATE TABLE

ANS: D 22. In SQL, the __________ statement is used to delete a table from a database. a. REMOVE TABLE b. DEL TABLE

c. DROP TABLE d. ERASE TABLE

ANS: C 23. What does JDBC stand for? a. Java data binary collection b. Java database connectivity

c. Java database collection d. Java data basic computation

ANS: B 24. What string lists the protocol that should be used to access a database, the name of the database, and potentially other items? a. JDBC driver b. Database URL

c. JDBC locator d. Database specifier

ANS: B 25. What is the default concurrency level of a ResultSet object? a. public

b. updatable

c. private

d. read-only

ANS: D 26. __________ refers to data that describes other data. a. pseudodata

b. microdata

c. abstract data

d. metadata

ANS: D 27. A column in one table that references a primary key in another table is known as a __________.

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a. secondary key b. foreign key

c. referential key d. meta key

ANS: B 28. Which term refers to undoing changes to a database? a. uncommit

b. reverse

c. rollback

d. undo

ANS: C 29. In an entity relationship diagram, the primary key is denoted with __________. a. (PK)

b. (1)

c. (KEY)

d. (PRIME)

ANS: A 30. A qualified column name takes the form __________. a. ColumnName.TableName b. TableName.ColumnName

c. RowName.TableName d. DatabaseURL.ColumnName

ANS: B 31. This type of query contains ? characters as placeholders for values that are inserted into the query when it is executed. a. b. c. d.

shadow query partial query template query parameterized query

ANS: D 32. You use this type of object to execute a parameterized query. a. b. c. d.

Statement ParameterizedQuery PreparedStatement ParameterizedStatement

ANS: C

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