Test Bank For Principles and Practice of Sport Management 7th Edition by Lisa Pike Masteralexis, Mar

Test Bank For Principles and Practice of Sport Management 7e Lisa Pike Masteralexis, Mary Hums Chapter 1-21 Chapter: Chapter 01 - Quiz Multiple Choice 1. In what year was the first modern Olympic Games held?

A) 1896 B) 1894 C) 1876 D) 1904 Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Club System: Sports and Community Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

2. The first recognized Jockey Club was in: A) Newmarket.

B) Newcastle.

C) London.

D) Scottsburg.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Club System: Sports and Community Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

3. Thoroughbred horse racing in the mid-eighteenth century: A) was the primary business interest of horse owners.

B) was an independent, self-supporting financial entity.

C) existed primarily for the entertainment of wealthy club members.

D) was attended by only the elite of the community.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Club System: Sports and Community Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

4. Which of the following is the birthplace of modern sport and sport management?

A) France B) England C) Greece D) United States Ans: B Complexity: Easy

Ahead: The Club System: Sports and Community Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

5. Fred Corcoran convinced cities to host golf tournaments by telling them the benefits of: A) professional golfers’ spending on hotels and restaurants.

B) the media coverage for the city.

C) corporate sponsorships.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Professional Tournament Sports: Mixing Business and Charity Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

6. Who tussled with Branch Rickey over the method and manner of integration of Major League Baseball?

A) Val Ackerman B) Effa Manley C) Jackie Robinson D) Kim Ng Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Inclusion and Innovators: Heroes and Sheroes of Sport Management Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

7. The association that oversees sport management academic programs in Europe is: A) EASM. B) NASPE. C) ICSSPE. D) NASSM. Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Birth of Sport Management as an Academic Field Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

8. Today, the total number of sport management programs accredited by the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation is: A) 20.

B) 33.

C) 330.

D) 2,000.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Birth of Sport Management as an Academic Field Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

9. Where are sport management programs housed in universities?

A) Schools of Kinesiology B) Colleges of Education and Human Development C) Schools of Business D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Birth of Sport Management as an Academic Field Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

True/False

1. True or False? William Hulbert founded the National League of Professional Baseball Players.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Leagues Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

2. True or False? All-Star baseball games, night games, and between-inning clowning around and entertainment were a direct result of the innovations in Negro baseball leagues.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Inclusion and Innovators: Heroes and Sheroes of Sport Management Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

3. True or False? The first sport management academic program was at Ohio University.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Birth of Sport Management as an Academic Field Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

Essay Questions

1. Name four original member cities of the National League of Professional Baseball Players.

Ans: (1) Boston, (2) Chicago, (3) Cincinnati, (4) Hartford, (5) Louisville, (6) New York, (7) Philadelphia, (8) St. Louis.

Complexity: Moderate

Ahead: Leagues Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

2. List two reasons why thoroughbred racing failed to increase in popularity in colonial United States.

Ans: 1. Clubs were primarily social rather than sport oriented. 2. Lack of aristocratic tradition. 3. Political power of religious fundamentalism, which periodically limited or prohibited gambling.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: The Club System: Sports and Community Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

3. List four ways jockey clubs established sport management structure.

Ans: 1. Put up purse money for races; restricted race entries to thoroughbreds owned by club members.

2. Sponsored a stud book that listed horse lineage of thoroughbreds. 3. Promoted a series of race schedules. 4. Announced, regulated, and reported on horse sales. 5. Restricted people involved with thoroughbred breeding and racing to English elite.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: The Club System: Sports and Community Subject: Chapter 1 Title: History of Sport Management

Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 02 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Functional areas of management that have been used to explain and prepare managers for the various activities they get involved in include: A) planning, leading, organizing, and empowering.

B) leading, organizing, empowering, and evaluating.

C) planning, leading, evaluating, and operating.

D) planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Functional Areas Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. _____ is defined as a management theory focusing on the behavior and motivations of people in the workplace.

A) Human relations movement B) Human resource management C) Organizational behavior D) Scientific movement Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Definition and History of Management Principles Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. _____ is a continuous process that involves establishing organizational vision statements, mission statements, goals, objectives, tactics, roles, and evaluation.

A) Leading B) Planning C) Evaluating D) Organizing Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Functional Areas Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. Of the major North American leagues, which leads the way in ensuring diversity in the front office?

A) NHL B) NFL C) MLB D) WNBA Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. Sport organizations, like all organizations, have two types of leaders: A) perceptive and insightful.

B) formal and informal.

C) passive and proactive.

D) competent and proficient.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Skills Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

6. _____ involves measuring and ensuring progress toward organizational objectives.

A) Leading B) Organizing C) Communicating D) Evaluating Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Functional Areas Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

7. With regard to international sport management, sport managers from North America must be aware that: A) they cannot unilaterally impose domestic models of sport governance on other cultures.

B) differences exist in terms of language, culture, etiquette, management, and communication styles.

C) they need to learn, understand, and respect cultural and systematic differences that exist.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

8. Mary Parker Follett was a pioneer as a female management consultant in the male-dominated industrial world of the 1920s. Follett’s approach was in alignment with which management theory?

A) Human relations movement B) Emotional intelligence C) Scientific movement D) Hawthorne studies Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Definition and History of Management Principles Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

True/False

1. True or False? Regardless of their generation, all workers respond to the same fundamental motivational strategies.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Skills Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. True or False? Organizational behavior is also characterized as one ―best way‖ to perform a job.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Definition and History of Management Principles Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. True or False? The planning function has often been referred to as the ―action‖ part of the management process.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Functional Areas Subject: Chapter 2 Title: Management Principles Applied to Sport Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No

NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 03 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Sports marketing includes the marketing of: A) leagues and teams.

B) products, services, entities, and recruitment.

C) sponsorships, outfield billboards, and ticket packages.

D) leagues, individuals, and events.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction: What Is Sport Marketing?

Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. Roone Arledge’s influence on sport broadcasting included all of the following, except: A) innovations such as instant replay, sideline reporters, multiple cameras, and crowd microphones.

B) efforts to ―take the fan to the game, not take the game to the fan.‖ C) refusing to allow leagues’ commissioners and team owners to approve announcers.

D) significant progressions in the way that sport marketers research the demands of the fan.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. Nike’s huge success since 1972 has come primarily as a result of all of the following, except: A) brand strength.

B) advertising.

C) sponsoring the Olympic Games.

D) athlete endorsements.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. The emphasis on product extensions and the development of team sport promotional strategy can be attributed to: A) Roone Arledge.

B) Bill Veeck.

C) Branch Rickey.

D) David Stern.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. Bill Veeck believed and operated under the philosophy that fans came to the ballpark to: A) be entertained.

B) analyze baseball strategy.

C) study player development.

D) watch a baseball game.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing

Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

6. The controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy a target group are referred to as the: A) promotional mix.

B) target market.

C) marketing mix.

D) product orientation.

Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Sport Marketing Concepts Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

7. In 1992, the San Jose Sharks utilized __________ in heavily traveled areas to help gain information about fan reaction to proposed logo and uniform designs.

A) exit polling B) focus groups C) ―pass-by interviews‖ D) random sampling Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

8. Sport marketers define __________ as the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization.

A) target marketing B) customer promotion C) fan identification D) winner’s curse Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Sport Marketing Concepts Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

9. The group of consumers to whom a product is marketed is the: A) audience.

B) demographic.

C) target market.

D) sport fans.

Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

True/False

1. True or False? Fan identification is defined as the sense of oneness with or belongingness to an organization.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Sport Marketing Concepts Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. True or False? While eSports are growing in popularity, there are not many marketing opportunities within the sport.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. True or False? Television’s share of total media advertising spending has dropped in recent years.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

Essay

1. Briefly discuss Roone Arledge’s work with ABC Sports and its long-term impact on sport marketing.

Ans: Roone Arledge was the first person to recognize that sports televised in prime time had to be more than sport—it also had to be entertainment. He used broadcast personalities and refused to let sport owners or leagues approve the announcers. He instituted more cameras and more varied camera angles, video highlights, commentary, criticism, humor, and wit. Arledge’s innovations, most notably instant replay, multiple cameras, crowd mikes, and sideline interviewers, added to the enjoyment of the program.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Historical Development of Sport Marketing Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. What key skills are associated with sport marketing? How do these compare to skills associated with sport management more generally?

Ans: Oral communication, written communication, data analysis skills, computer capabilities, personnel management, sales, education. In general, these are comparable to the skills one would expect a sport manager to have. However, the successful marketer must understand the sport product, including its unique differences and how those can hurt and hinder the marketing of the product.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Skills Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. What barriers exist to children participating in organized sport? What impact does that have on professional sport culture?

Ans: Some sports face specific hurdles. For instance, football has seen participation rates decline due to parental concerns about serious head injuries. The professionalization of youth sport takes its toll on many participants who self-select out of the sport at an increasingly early age. Some may find other sporting activities to adopt, but others may find themselves behind their age group and will have no success. The cycle then continues, such that perhaps the child is never positively socialized into the individual sport culture, thereby decreasing the chance of being a fan later in life.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. Please discuss the differences between traditional marketing and sport marketing.

Ans: Traditional Marketing: The success of any entity may depend on defeating and eliminating the competition. Very few consumers consider themselves experts and instead rely on trained professionals for information and assistance. When a customer purchases a sweater, it is tangible and can be seen and felt and used on more than one occasion. Customer demand is more predictable because the product is always the same. Mainstream products have an inventory and a shelf life, and supplies can be replenished. Although other people can enjoy the purchase of a car, the enjoyment or satisfaction of the purchaser does not depend on it. Inconsistency and unpredictability are considered unacceptable. For example, if a particular car occasionally went backward when the gear indicated forward, consumers would be up in arms. The mainstream marketer works with research and design to create the perceived perfect product. Only religion and politics, which in and of themselves are not viewed as products or services but rather as beliefs, are as widespread as sport.

Sport Marketing: In many cases, sport organizations must simultaneously compete and cooperate. Due to the preponderance of information and the likelihood of personal experience and strong personal identification, sport consumers often consider themselves experts. The sport product is invariably intangible, subjective, and heavily experiential. Consumer demand tends to fluctuate widely. The sport product (the game) is simultaneously produced and consumed; there is no inventory. Sport is generally publicly consumed, and consumer satisfaction is invariably affected by social facilitation. The sport product is inconsistent and unpredictable. The sport marketer has little or no control over the core product and often has limited control over the product extensions. Sport has an almost universal appeal and pervades all elements of life.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Sport Marketing Concepts Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. What are the purposes of sport marketing research of sport fans?

Ans: 1. To profile the sport consumer demographically, geographically, or psychographically. 2. To categorize attendance behavior and segment attendance by user groups related to potential ticket packages. 3. To analyze purchasing behavior as it relates to product extensions such as merchandise, concessions, and so on. 4. To evaluate operational aspects of the sport product such as parking, customer service, entertainment aspects, and employee courtesy and efficiency. 5. To measure interest in new concepts that may be under consideration. 6. To document viewing and listening behavior. 7. To understand the consumer’s information network so as to determine efficient methods of future communication to that consumer and like consumers. 8. To offer two-way communication with the target market.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Sport Marketing Concepts Subject: Chapter 3 Title: Marketing Principles Applied to Sport Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 04 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. The current average player salary in the NBA is approximately: A) $800,000.

B) $1.4 million.

C) $6.2 million.

D) $10.8 million.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. Which of the following is anything that an organization owns that can be used to generate future revenues?

A) Assets B) Liabilities C) Owners’ equity D) Bonds Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4

Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. Which of the following statements concerning the tradeoff between financing through debt or equity is true?

A) Generally, financing with debt is more expensive than equity.

B) Generally, financing with debt carries more risk than equity.

C) Financing with debt is both more expensive and carries more risk than equity.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. Which of the following is the amount of their own money owners have invested in the firm?

A) Debt B) Assets C) Liabilities D) Equity Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. Of the stadiums and arenas built or renovated since 2000, __________ have received $16.7 billion in tax-exempt municipal bonds.

A) 25% B) 20% C) 50% D) 75% Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

6. The single greatest expense for professional sports teams is: A) stadium/arena operational costs.

B) player salaries.

C) liability insurance.

D) coaching salaries.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

7. The philosophy behind a ―hard‖ salary cap is to: A) change the behavior of high-payroll teams.

B) constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll.

C) share certain types of revenue among all franchises.

D) ensure that no professional players are overpaid.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

True/False

1. True or False? One of the most important assets that major professional sports franchises possess is their membership in the league to which they belong.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. True or False? Professional leagues are monopolies that face direct competition for the products and services they produce.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. True or False? The balance sheet of a college athletic department will include owner’s equity.

Ans: False Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

Short Answer

1. A __________ has been used as a mechanism to influence competitive balance. With this, a payroll threshold is set prior to a season and teams that exceed this threshold pay based on the excess amount.

Ans: luxury tax Complexity: Moderate

Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. The __________ issue is rooted in the notion that consumers of a spectator sport seek to be entertained by the game itself and that this entertainment value is connected to a concept of ―uncertainty of outcome‖—the greater the uncertainty of outcome, the greater the entertainment value for fans.

Ans: competitive balance Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. If a borrower is unable to repay the borrowed money, with interest, at a pre-specified date—perhaps because revenues are lower than expected—then the borrower is said to be in __________ on the debt.

Ans: default Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. Finance generally refers to two primary activities of an organization: how an organization generates the funds that flow into an organization, and how these funds get __________ and spent once they are in the organization.

Ans: allocated Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. A YMCA may generate __________ from a variety of sources such as yearly membership fees, day use fees, summer camps, after-school programs, birthday party rentals, childcare, and swim lessons.

Ans: revenue Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

Essay

1. Discuss the financial challenges faced by college athletics in terms of how revenues are distributed across universities.

Ans: There is an unequal distribution of revenues across universities. Conferences that are traditional powers tend to get the highest payouts, which can help perpetuate their success while inhibiting the ability of other conferences to increase their success.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. For the non-spectator sport industry, discuss two issues that have to be considered in determining whether the industry can continue to grow at the rate it has in recent years and what risks are involved with the assumptions one makes about the future growth of the industry.

Ans: One must consider the extent to which the recreation and leisure market will continue to grow bearing in mind how it is affected by changing demographics, consumer affluence, and social values. One must also consider consumer trends (e.g., will TRX remain ―hot,‖ or will a new recreational activity emerge with enormous financial potential?). Because decisions on capital investments are based on the assumptions and predictions made with respect to these issues, these become crucial financial questions to consider.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. What relevance does the examination of rival leagues and of monopoly status for the major professional leagues have to economics and finance in today’s sport world?

Ans: Established sport leagues have large degrees of market power. This allows them to have greater bargaining power with players, broadcasters, corporate sponsors, and local governments regarding stadium funding issues. It allows them to charge higher prices than they otherwise would and makes them much more profitable than they otherwise would be. It also allows them to enact policies (salary caps, revenue sharing, etc.) that simply would not be possible if a league faced direct competition from a rival league.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. Discuss the origins of the competitive balance issue in professional sports and at least three solutions that leagues have developed to deal with it.

Ans: Origins: The greater the uncertainty of outcome, the greater the entertainment value for fans, and thus the greater the revenues for leagues. Large market teams have an advantage over small market teams. Solutions: ―reverse-order‖ draft, scheduling system, salary cap, revenue sharing, luxury tax Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. Why have no rival leagues to the major American sport leagues emerged in more than 20 years?

Ans: Players today have much less incentive to jump to a rival league, as the emergence of stronger players associations and free agency means that players are much less often ―underpaid.‖ There is a lack

of viable cities and markets in which to play as the major professional leagues have gone through successive rounds of expansion to the point where all four currently have 30 or more franchises.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 4 Title: Financial and Economic Principles Applied to Sport Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 05 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Vicarious liability is: A) a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue for the defendant interfering in contractual relations between the plaintiff and another party.

B) a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate.

C) a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for all torts committed by a subordinate.

D) a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate and a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for all torts committed by a subordinate.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. Equal protection applies to discrimination on the basis of: A) race, religion, and national origin.

B) gender.

C) such areas as physical or mental disability, sexual orientation, socio-economic background, or athletic team membership.

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. What area of law has left an indelible mark on the structure and nature of labor relations in professional sport leagues?

A) Contract law B) Labor law C) Constitutional law D) Antitrust law Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. In which of the following circumstances would vicarious liability not apply?

A) When a coach is negligent while driving the team van to an away meet and injures student-athletes in her care B) When a security guard working for an independent contractor harms a patron at a New England Patriots game C) When an athletic trainer at Big State University accidently gives a student-athlete far too much weight to lift and the student-athlete sustains a permanent injury D) When a coach negligently instructs a wrestler on a new move and the wrestler sustains a permanent injury Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

5. Female coaches whose salaries are not equal to those of their male counterparts have filed __________ lawsuits.

A) antitrust B) Equal Pay Act C) Age Discrimination in Employment Act D) Lanham Act Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

6. Which of the following is not a way in which labor relations in professional sports are different from those in other industries?

A) The turnover rate for professional sport union members is much higher than for other union members.

B) The players associations also face the logistical challenges of being a bargaining unit with employees on different teams throughout the United States and Canada.

C) Professional athletes have individual bargaining power derived from their unique talent that is unmatched in other industries.

D) Management in professional sport opposes unions much more strongly than employers in other industries.

Ans: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

7. Which of the following is not an example of judicial review of an athletic association decision?

A) The decision involves an on-field decision by an umpire or referee.

B) The decision violates public policy because it is fraudulent.

C) The decision exceeds the scope of the athletic association’s authority.

D) The athletic association breaks one of its own rules.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

True/False

1. True or False? An athlete challenging an athletic association’s rule is more likely seeking injunctive rather than monetary damages.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. True or False? An agent must never act on behalf of a principal when a conflict of interest is present.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

3. True or False? Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 bars discrimination in education against women only.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

4. True or False? All professional sport organizations except Major League Baseball are exempt from antitrust laws.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

Short Answer

1. __________ is a managerial strategy intended to maintain control over legal uncertainties.

Ans: Risk management Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

Essay

1. Describe the concept of sport law and give one example of a law created specifically for the sport industry.

Ans: Sport law signifies the application of existing laws to the sport setting more than it represents the creation of a new area of law. Here are examples of a few instances in which state or federal governments have enacted new laws to regulate the sport industry: 1. Forty-two (42) states plus the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands have adopted the 2001 Uniform Athlete Agent Act. At least three states currently have specific laws regulating sport agents.

2. On the federal level, laws regulate the sport broadcasting industries (Sports Broadcast Act of 1961); discrimination in education including athletics (Title IX and the Civil Rights Restoration Act); sport agents (SPARTA, or the Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act of 2004); and Olympic and other amateur sports (Amateur Sports Act and Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act).

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management

2. Please identify four constitutional issues that a sport manager is most likely to face.

Ans: Constitutional law addresses issues protected under United States or state constitutions. Generally, the federal and individual state constitutions do not apply to private entities. But when the private entity is so enmeshed with the public one, they are dependent on each other. When a private entity gets to this level, it is a state actor.

Big issues for state actors: 1. First Amendment: protected speech 2. Due process: the right to notice and a hearing before any penalty can be applied 3. Equal protection: two similarly situated people must be treated equally -Race, religion, national origin: defendant must show compelling need; very hard to prove

-Gender: must have a legitimate interest -All others: rational basis 4. Unreasonable search and seizure: drug testing, taking urine or blood; very controversial 5. Invasion of privacy: What is the reasonable expectation of privacy under the circumstance? High school kids should have a very low expectation of privacy, athletes even less. Suspicionless drug testing of college athletes.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 5 Title: Legal Principles Applied to Sport Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 06 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. _____ is the study of morals and principles that help us determine right from wrong.

A) Moral interpretation B) Moral absolutism C) Ethical relativism D) Ethics Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

2. __________ processes rely on internal factors such as personal and ethical orientation to act as primary guides.

A) Ethical decision making B) Moral decision making C) Ethical reasoning D) Moral discourse Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

3. Codes of conduct may be considered counterproductive if: A) they are too long or complex to understand easily.

B) they try to intimidate employees into acting morally.

C) the organization does not demonstrate a commitment to them.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Ethical Considerations Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

4. Which of the following is not an indicator of an ethical dilemma?

A) If a person feels stress about making the decision B) If a person fears he or she will lose company money C) If a person has a feeling of guilt D) If something about the decision makes a person uncomfortable Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Ethical Considerations Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

5. In sport, an example of a(n) __________ is that all athletes give an honest effort whenever they compete.

A) ethical principle B) moral principle C) code of conduct D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Morality Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

6. __________ argues that moral precepts are universal, that is, applicable to all circumstances.

A) Relativism B) Absolutism C) Morality D) Behavior Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Morality Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

7. One of the biggest distinctions between moral decision making and other ethical decisions is: A) incorporating codes of ethics.

B) the extensive ramification of immoral choices.

C) deciding what is right and wrong.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Morality Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

True/False

1. True or False? An organization’s ethical climate establishes the shared set of understandings that determine correct behavior and how ethical issues will be handled.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Ethical Considerations Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

Essay

1. List the seven steps one should follow when making a modern-day decision about an ethical dilemma.

Ans: 1. Recognize the ethical dilemma. 2. Generate a list of all the alternative options. 3. Evaluate all of the alternatives. 4. Select the most ideal, ethical decision. 5. Intend for the decision and solution to be enacted. 6. Enact the actual decision. 7. Evaluate the decision.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Ethical Considerations Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

2. What are the two types of work where moral rules exist?

Ans: Commercial work and noncommercial work Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Morality Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

3. What are four ways in which organizations can help individuals make moral choices by promoting and supporting moral reasoning?

Ans: 1. Establish clear standards of moral behavior (such as codes of conduct) and publicize them within the organization. 2. Encourage employees to periodically examine and review their individual moral judgments through self-examinations. 3. Provide support structures through which employees can consult each other during and after the decision-making process. 4. Make it clear that violations of the code of conduct will not be tolerated and publicize a process for enforcing codes within the organization.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Skills Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management

4. List five factors necessary for a code of conduct to be effective in a sport organization.

Ans: 1. The code language should be simple, concise, and readily understood by all employees. 2. The code should not be legalistic—written as ―thou shall not‖—but rather state expected behaviors. 3. The code should apply to all employees and be global in scope. 4. The code should be written, reviewed, and edited by a multidisciplinary team to be reasonably confident that it is consistent with other corporate communications and policies, addresses relevant risk areas, has buy-in across the organization, and represents the organization’s culture. 5. The code should be revised and updated as appropriate.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Ethical Considerations Subject: Chapter 6 Title: Ethics in Sport Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 07 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Formally organized athletic participation, particularly those programs that run under the auspices of secondary educational institutions, emerged: A) during and immediately following World War I. B) during the mid-nineteenth century.

C) before the signing of the Constitution.

D) in the early 1990s.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

2. During and immediately following World War I, schools’ sports for males were promoted as: A) a tool to prepare high school students for college.

B) as a source of physical training for the armed forces.

C) a tool to keep students out of trouble and off the streets.

D) a tool to make money through the selling of tickets to games.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

3. The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) does all of the following, except: A) coordinates certification for officials.

B) serves as the national coordinator for high school sports as well as activities such as music, debate, theater, and student council.

C) compiles national records in sports and national sport participation rates.

D) The NFHS does all of these.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Governance Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

4. The Little League governance structure: A) reports to the National Federation of State High School Associations.

B) is organized on four levels: local, district, regional, and international.

C) involves a paid executive director who ultimately is in charge of running all competitions and events.

D) oversees only teams in the United States.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Governance Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

5. A growing concern within youth and high school sports is the risk of head injuries (i.e., concussions).

This has led to: A) a ban on football for ages younger than 12 years in the state of South Carolina.

B) a mandatory non-contact practice schedule being implemented by USA Football.

C) flag football becoming the fastest-growing sport among children aged 6 to 14.

D) a mandatory health certification of all football coaches with EMTs required at all games.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Application of Key Principles Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

True/False

1. True or False? High school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

2. True or False? In 2013, the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance changed its name to the Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE).

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Application of Key Principles Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

3. True or False? Early youth athletic participation in the United States predated the formation of the country with Native Americans playing a version of football.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

4. True or False? Coaching certification programs are required in every state at every level, with coaches being allowed to coach only after having been involved in a certification program.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

Essay

1. The National Federation of State High School Associations performs what roles for the administration of school and youth sports?

Ans: 1. Compiles national records in sports and national sport participation rates. 2. Coordinates official certification. 3. Issues playing rules for sports. 4. Prints officials’ manuals, magazines, supplemental books, and teaching aids. 5. Holds national conferences and competitions. 6. Acts as an advocate and lobbying agent for school-based youth sports. 7. Maintains a high school Hall of Fame.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Governance Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

2. List at least four responsibilities a school athletic director or youth league director might have.

Ans: 1. Hire, supervise, and evaluate coaches. 2. Coordinate almost all facets of contest management such as hiring and paying officials and event staff. 3. Set departmental/league training and disciplinary policies. 4. Determine departmental/league budgets. 5. Oversee all associated fundraising. 6. Determine and verify game scheduling and athlete eligibility. 7. Handle relevant publicity and public relations.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport

3. The Jerry Sandusky and Francis Murphy cases involving the sexual assault of numerous boys by these coaches raised the attention of incidents involving sexual predation in youth sport. Because of this, many things have taken place by states and athletic organizations. Provide some examples of what things have been done.

Ans: 1. Legislators in more than a dozen states have introduced bills adding coaches and athletic directors to the list of ―mandatory reporters‖ of suspected child abuse. 2. The number of background checks, including mandatory implementation by some organizations, is on the rise. 3. The National Council of Youth Sports (NCYS) has recommended adding expanded and tightened criteria to background checks of coaches. 4. Coaches are more aware and becoming more careful of how they interact with youth participants.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Application of Key Principles Subject: Chapter 7 Title: High School and Youth Sport Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 08 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Where and in what year did the first college athletic event take place?

A) Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire – 1852 B) Lake Superior, Michigan – 1860 C) Lake George, New York – 1905 D) Lake Waramaug, Connecticut – 1800 Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

2. What was the second collegiate sport to be played and what two schools participated?

A) Crew, Harvard v Yale B) Football, Rutgers v Princeton C) Baseball, Amherst College v Williams College D) Soccer, North Carolina v South Carolina Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

3. The first athletic conference to form was _____ and was later renamed to the Big Ten. A) College Athletic Conference of America B) Athletic Association for Colleges and Universities C) National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics D) Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

4. The Knight Foundation created the Knight Commission to: A) propose a reform agenda for intercollegiate athletics.

B) develop more revenue streams for athletic departments.

C) represent athletes who wanted to sue the NCAA. D) create an alternative college athletic league for serious athletes.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

5. The AIAW stands for _____ and was founded in _____.

A) Athletic Intercollegiate Association World, 1966 B) Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Warriors, 1950 C) Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, 1971 D) Association of Issues in Athletics for Women, 2000 Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

True/False

1. True or False? Since 1981, the number of women participating in college athletics has increased from 74,239 to 219,177 in 2020–2021.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

2. True or False? The Kaplan Hecker & Fink investigation into gender equity at the NCAA found women’s tournaments were sold at less than market value, resulting in less money being reallocated to women’s sports.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

3. True or False? The NCAA is organized into three divisions, Division I, II, and III. Division I is subdivided into three divisions, FBS, FCS, and non–football-playing schools.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Organizational Structure and Governance Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

Essay

1. Write the full names for these organizations and subdivisions: A. NCAA: _________________ B. NAIA: __________________ C. NJCAA: _________________

D. AIAW: __________________ E. FBS: ____________________ F. FCS: ____________________ Ans: A: National Collegiate Athletic Association B: National Association for Intercollegiate Athletics C: National Junior College Athletic Association D: Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women E: Football Bowl Subdivision F: Football Championship Subdivision Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Organizational Structure and Governance Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport

2. Considering all of the changes occurring to college athletics, briefly discuss what those changes are and whether you believe they are beneficial for college athletics or not.

Ans: In 2014, college athletes received cost of attendance checks that can vary from $2,000 to $4,000. In 2021, colleges won the right to offer academic scholarships up to $6,000. Also, 2021, college athletes could start making money from their name, image, and likeness and transfer to a new school one time without inquiring a penalty. The increases to the financial compensation an athlete can now receive as well as the freedom to move from school to school is a positive benefit for the athlete. Athletes spend significant time on athletics and bring a lot of attention to the university. However, the increase in benefits for athletes has created some issues for athletic departments. Specifically, schools are recruiting talented athletes from other universities by promising significant NIL opportunities. This is placing some universities at a disadvantage.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 8 Title: Collegiate Sport Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 09 – Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. __________ is the set of suggestions now in operation to assist with the Olympic Games bid city process.

A) Agenda 2020

B) The Olympic Charter C) The IOC Constitution D) Agenda 2020+5 Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Globalization Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

2. In the context of sport for development and peace, sport refers to: A) organized sports.

B) indigenous sports and games.

C) play.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sport for Development and Peace Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

3. The first Olympic and Paralympic Refugee Teams competed at which Games?

A) Beijing 2008 B) London 2012 C) Rio de Janeiro 2016 D) Tokyo 2020 Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

4. Which of the following is an example of a sport organization that promotes fair treatment of the LGBTQI+ community?

A) Athlete Ally B) Sport 4 Socialization C) Sport for All D) Athletes United Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

5. The U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC) is an example of a(n): A) IOC Session.

B) national governing body.

C) national Olympic committee.

D) International Federation.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Olympic Movement Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

6. National governing bodies (NGBs) are the: A) federations governing sports throughout the world.

B) organizing committees for host cities.

C) national Olympic organizing committees in each individual country.

D) organizations governing a specific sport within each individual country.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Olympic Movement Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

7. In the Olympic organizational structure, what entity serves to advise the IOC on the role of sport in society?

A) Sport for All Commission B) Sport for Development and Peace Commission C) Sport and Active Society Commission D) Sport in Society Commission Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Olympic Movement Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

True/False

1. True or False? The system of moving clubs to a higher or lower level league at the end of a competitive season is called the transfer system.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Club System Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

2. True or False? An important distinction from other sport organizations is that IOC members are people representing the IOC in the respective countries rather than their country’s delegate within the IOC. Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Olympic Movement Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

3. True or False? The 2022 Winter Paralympic Games were postponed due the onset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

4. True or False? The Paralympic Games are a segment of the modern Olympic Games for athletes with disabilities that occur during the actual Olympic Games.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Olympic Movement Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport

5. True or False? During the past 30 years, Bayern Munich has been among the highest revenuegenerating international soccer clubs.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Olympic Movement Subject: Chapter 9 Title: International Sport Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No

NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 10 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream business because: A) players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary workers.

B) professional athletes’ salaries are so much higher than the average worker.

C) sports are seasonal, thus they have less time to realize revenue.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

2. A collective bargaining agreement covers: A) wages.

B) hours.

C) terms and conditions of employment.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

3. Many individuals in the management of professional sport leagues are not fans of salary caps because they: A) routinely force teams to cut veteran players earning higher salaries to get under the ceiling of the cap.

B) routinely provide teams with spending floors so low-revenue teams are prevented from cutting salaries to stay competitive.

C) often have so many exceptions that they have inevitably created a number of loopholes for those agents and general managers who are creative negotiators, and thus, the cap is not creating the parity it was intended to create.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

4. The __________ first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interests of the sport.

A) National Hockey League B) National Football League C) Major League Baseball D) National Basketball Association Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

5. The NFL settled lawsuits concerning concussions possibly leading to diseases such as Alzheimer’s and dementia due to head trauma that athletes received while playing professional football. How much did the settlement set aside for players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) injuries?

A) $250 million B) $500 million C) $750 million D) $1 billion E) $2 billion Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

6. Professional golfers must earn the right to compete on the PGA Tour annually. How do professional golfers qualify for the PGA Tour?

A) After a golfer finishes in the top 25 in the qualifying tournament known as Q-School, they move up to the developmental Korn Ferry Tour.

B) The best players move up through the ranks on the Korn Ferry Tour.

C) Players who make the cut move straight from the Korn Ferry Tour to the PGA Tour.

D) Veteran players can maintain their qualifications based on their prior year’s performance on the PGA Tour.

E) All of these are correct.

Ans: E Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

7. The cross-ownership ban in the NFL was eased for: A) Eddie DeBartolo and John and Denise (DeBartolo) York of the San Francisco 49ers.

B) Wayne Huizenga of the Miami Dolphins and Paul Allen of the Seattle Seahawks.

C) Jerry Jones of the Dallas Cowboys and Lamar Hunt of the Kansas City Chiefs.

D) Bob McNair of the Houston Texans and Daniel Snyder of the Washington Redskins.

Ans: B

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

8. As a general rule, league revenues include: A) local broadcasting revenues.

B) stadium sponsorships.

C) preferred seat sales.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

True/False

1. True or False? In 1876, North America’s first professional league, the National League, was organized.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

2. True or False? The WNBA league and teams are primarily female-operated organizations.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Key Concepts Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

Essay

1. List at least five North American professional sport leagues that have unionized players.

Ans: Arena Football League (AFL), American Hockey League (AHL), East Coast Hockey League (CHL), Major League Baseball (MLB), Major League Soccer (MLS), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport

2. Commissioners have lost some of their power over time. List the six areas in which the commissioner continues to retain discretionary power.

Ans: 1. Approval of player contracts. 2. Resolution of disputes between players and clubs. 3. Resolution of disputes between clubs. 4. Resolution of disputes between player or club and the league. 5.

Disciplinary matters involving owners, clubs, players, and other personnel. 6. Rule-making authority.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 10 Title: Professional Sport Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 11 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. In the four major sport leagues, __________ agents are registered or certified with the respective players associations.

A) more than 2,200 B) 500–750 C) 4,500–5,000 D) 1,000–1,200 Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

2. Which of the following does not describe the ways that players associations support players?

A) Providing them with salary and contract data B) Providing them with information to support negotiations C) Providing them with guidance in salary and labor arbitration D) Providing them with equipment and instruction to enable them to perform at the highest possible level Ans: D Complexity: Moderate

Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

3. __________ was the ―endorsement king of the pre-Michael Jordan era.‖ A) Red Grange B) Carl Yastrzemski C) Arnold Palmer D) Bart Starr Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

4. When negotiating an endorsement contract, the agent should be certain to maintain the client’s exclusive rights and control over their: A) uniform that they will wear.

B) image and other endorsements.

C) lines that they will speak in a commercial.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

5. The five key problems in the sports agency profession do not include: A) the agents’ lack of understanding of the rules of the game.

B) income mismanagement.

C) conflict of interest.

D) overly aggressive client recruiting.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

True/False

1. True or False? As professional sports grew and became televised nationally, opportunities for athletes to endorse products decreased.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

2. True or False? Many lawsuits concerning a sports agent’s incompetence, fraud, and breach of fiduciary duties involve financial planning and investing.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

Essay

1. State five reasons for the growth of the sports agent business.

Ans: (1) Reserve system; (2) development of competing leagues; (3) evolution of players associations; (4) players’ need for financial advice; and (5) rising product endorsement opportunities Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

2. Discuss the four methods of fees charged by agents.

Ans: (1) Flat fee, (2) percentage of compensation, (3) hourly rate, and (4) combination of an hourly rate with a percentage of compensation cap Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Sports Agency Firms Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

3. List at least five tasks commonly performed by a sports agent.

Ans: (1) Negotiation and administration of the athlete’s or coach’s contract; (2) marketing; (3) negotiation of the athlete’s or coach’s marketing and endorsement contracts; (4) financial planning; (5) career and post-career planning; (6) dispute resolution; (7) legal counseling; and (8) personal care Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency

4. What are the various attempts being made to regulate sports agents?

Ans: State statutes including the UAAA; federal statute, SPARTA; players associations; NCAA and at some schools, their college athletics departments; sport governing bodies, such as national associations in soccer (football) Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 11 Title: Sports Agency Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 12 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. What are the two categories of competitive video gaming?

A) Multiplayer online battle arena and first person shooter B) Live streaming and game streaming C) Live streaming and eSports D) Digital computer game and game streaming Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

2. In 1940, Nimatron was released, and in 1958, Tennis for Two was released as the first multiplayer video game with moving graphics and a spectator element. However, the video gaming industry did not take off. What stunted the growth of video gaming during this time period?

A) No interest in video gaming by the public B) High cost of personal computers C) Video games were only used for technological exhibition purposed at the World Fair D) Lack of distribution channels Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

3. 1970 to 1990 is considered the golden age of video gaming. What key feature(s) marked this era?

A) Most games were hosted on the mainframe.

B) The availability of video games on home game consoles and in arcades, and virtual elements of the video games were embedded into a movie’s story line.

C) The competitive element was the player trying to beat the game.

D) There were video game tournaments Ans: B

Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

4. The Intergalactic Space War Olympics held in Stanford in 1972 was considered the first eSports tournament. During this time, the tournament organizers used these tournaments: A) as profit centers.

B) as a tool to obtain investors.

C) as an educational tool.

D) as a marketing tool to spread awareness about the games.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

5. What is the type of eSports management model where the developer takes on the major responsibility of organizing competitions and events/tournaments?

A) Service model B) Decentralized management model C) Centralized management model D) Franchise model Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

6. What marked the great video game crash of North America in 1982?

A) Profits in the arcade industry began to fall B) Stock market crash C) The expansion of cable television D) None of these is correct.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

7. In the Pioneering Era of eSports (1997–2004), personal computers and gaming consoles, like PlayStation and Game Boy, were affordable, but it was which of the following that significantly strengthened gaming?

A) Dedicated multiplayer video games B) Ability to play over the Internet C) Local area network (LAN) parties D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

8. Although tech companies invested in eSports in the Pioneering Era, technical problems inhibited the growth of a viewing audience. Which of the following is an example of a technical problem inhibiting the growth of the viewing audience?

A) Video streaming was not financially viable.

B) Broadcasting technology lacked the bandwidth to live stream tournaments.

C) Video streaming was not financially viable and broadcasting technology lacked the bandwidth to live stream tournaments.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: C Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

9. During the Pioneering Era, eSports developed into leagues in the west (United States) like the major U.S. professional sports leagues. In the east, South Korea became the leader in the eSports industry as the result of: A) government subsidy of personal computers.

B) rapid growth of Internet broadband infrastructure.

C) proliferation of Internet cafés.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

10. The eSports business model has an overreliance on which of the following?

A) Internet cafés B) Servers for streaming competitions C) Sponsorship D) Broadcasting technology Ans: C Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

11. Governance, regular league schedule, and broadcasted eSports tournaments are evidence of the professionalism of the eSports industry. Which one of the following indicates an important turning point in the professionalization of the eSports industry?

A) Sponsorship B) Game developers’ commitment to enhancing the games and dedicated servers for an improved user experience.

C) Dedicated multiplayer games D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

12. In mid-2000s, the eSports industry began to show signs of sustainability. Which of the following is not evidence of sustainability?

A) Tournaments had several global destinations B) Increased prize money C) Profitability of tournaments D) Televised championships Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

13. In what way did the Great Recession of 2007–2009 impact the eSports industry?

A) Downsizing as the result of the reduction or elimination of sponsorship of eSports

B) A change in strategy from selling eSports as a product to cultivating a strong emotional connection between players, fans, and brands.

C) Increase in the popularity of multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

14. How was Twitch, a live video streaming service, a stabling factor in the eSports industry?

A) Normalized watching video games B) Expansion to linear broadcast television C) Offered viewing metrics with which to negotiate sponsorships D) Normalized watching video games and offered viewing metrics with which to negotiate sponsorships E) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

15. Since 2014, eSports experienced significant growth due to the interest of both endemic and nonendemic brands. What is a non-endemic brand?

A) A company whose products or services are used directly in the gaming industry B) A company who only sponsors eSports tournaments C) A company whose products or services are not used directly in the gaming industry D) A company who only sponsors eSports tournaments and whose products or services are not used directly in the gaming industry Ans: C Complexity: Easy

Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

16. Which of the following is true of the digital compendium?

A) It is an additional revenue source.

B) It provided event information and additional ways to engage.

C) Its proceeds are added to a tournament prize pool.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

17. eSports is considered a techno-economic ecosystem, where each component in the ecosystem is directly or indirectly reliant on every other component for survival. Which of the following is not a core component of the eSports ecosystem?

A) Game developers/publishers/studio B) World ESports Association (WESA) C) League and tournament organizers D) Gamers/players Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

18. What is the type of eSports management model where the developer delegates responsibilities of competitions to third-party event organizers?

A) Service model B) Decentralized management model C) Centralized management model D) Franchise model Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

19. Most game developers operate in accordance with games as a service model. What does this mean?

A) A small fee is charged for the game.

B) Games are free, and the revenue is generated from in-game aesthetic upgrades, like skins.

C) A small fee is charged for the game, with most of the revenue generated from in-game aesthetic upgrades, like skins.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

20. Game developers/publishers are able to have significant impact on competition by: A) Offering the sale of skins.

B) Offering new content.

C) Offering new game elements.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

21. eSports leagues and tournaments are organized by: A) developers.

B) independent third parties.

C) developers and independent third parties.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

22. eSports games are primarily watched via: A) Internet protocol television (IPTV) like Twitch.

B) Video on demand (VOD).

C) Linear Broadcast television.

D) Internet protocol television (IPTV) like Twitch and video on demand (VOD).

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

23. Investments in eSports from all investor types totaled $4.5 billion in 2018 alone. Based on traditional financial methods of valuing investments:

A) eSports will continue to have impressive growth in team valuations.

B) eSports is a sustainable industry.

C) eSports’ business model has proven to be profitable at the franchise level.

D) eSports has a disproportionate level of risk, as there is no proven model for generating cash flow.

Ans: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

24. The global eSports audience is expected to grow to 640.8 million by 2025. The primary drivers of growth are: A) increased sponsorship.

B) expansion to mobile platforms.

C) new franchises.

D) expansion to mobile platforms and new franchises.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Professional eSports Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports

25. Which of the following serves as the defacto governing body for eSports?

A) International Esports Federation (IeSF) B) World ESports Association (WESA) C) Game developers D) None of these is correct.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues

Subject: Chapter 12 Title: eSports Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 13 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following was not one of the cookie cutter stadiums built in the 1960s and 1970s where a city’s football and baseball team would share the stadium?

A) Three Rivers Stadium – Pittsburgh B) Veterans Stadium – Philadelphia C) Wrigley Field – Chicago D) Riverfront Stadium – Cincinnati Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 13

Title: Facility Management

2. What was the first full-sized soccer-specific stadium built in the United States?

A) Red Bull Arena (New York Red Bulls) B) Crew Stadium (Columbus Crew) C) BMO Field (Toronto FC) D) TQL Stadium (FC Cincinnati) Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

3. Which of the following NFL teams recently relocated to a new city and into a new stadium?

A) Las Vegas Raiders B) Denver Broncos C) Carolina Panthers D) Chicago Bears Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

4. Local/civic venues are primarily located in towns and smaller cities. What is the average capacity for a local/civic venue?

A) 1,000–2,500 B) 2,500–5,000

C) 5,000–10,000 D) 15,000+ Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Public Assembly Facilities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

5. Sports and entertainment titans, Tim Leiweke and Irving Azoff, founded a new venue management company in 2015. It is called: A) ASM Global.

B) Oak View Group.

C) Allegiant Management.

D) Paciolan.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Facility Ownership and Management Staff Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

6. One way to finance the building of a stadium is by increasing taxes. Hard taxes can impact the local citizens (e.g., property tax, sales tax). Soft taxes are often used with the claim that these taxes will be passed on the visitors to the stadium. An example of a soft tax is: A) rideshare (Uber/Lyft) tax.

B) hotel room tax.

C) restaurants/prepared food tax.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Facility Financing Subject: Chapter 13

Title: Facility Management

7. When booking shows, some venues will have a clause in their contract that says the act cannot play another venue within a set distance for 90 days. For example, the act agrees not to play any venues within 50 miles for 90 days. This is called a ______ clause.

A) routing B) local C) radius D) no play Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

8. When booking concerts, a deal structure where risks and revenues are shared is called a: A) co-promotional model (co-pro).

B) four wall rental.

C) guarantee model.

D) profit sharing model.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

9. When a venue promotes events, the majority of the revenue comes from: A) parking.

B) concessions.

C) convenience fees.

D) ticket revenues.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

10. When establishing ticket prices for an event, which of the following is not considered by the venue or promoter?

A) Artist guarantee B) Capacity of the venue C) Weather D) Venue expenses Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

11. The effort to increase or decrease the price of a ticket to maximize both ticket sales and revenues is called: A) moveable pricing.

B) dynamic pricing.

C) change pricing.

D) profit pricing.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

12. Which of the following is not an example of ancillary revenue that a venue may receive?

A) The price of the tickets B) Food and beverage C) Parking D) Merchandise Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

13. Which venue sold its naming rights in 2021 and set a record for most expensive naming rights deal for the second time?

A) Fenway Park – Boston B) Mercedes-Benz Stadium – Atlanta C) Crypto.com Arena – Los Angeles D) AT&T Stadium – Arlington, TX Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

14. Which person within a venue is most likely to coordinate a live TV broadcast from the venue, write a press release for an upcoming event, and coordinate a Twitter campaign to promote an event?

A) Marketing director B) Event manager

C) Public relations director D) Box office manager Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

15. The gold standard designation for sustainability in the venue industry is called: A) LEED certification.

B) Green certification.

C) Safety certification.

D) CLEAN certification.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

16. Initially, owners of sports teams made the case that a new stadium or arena would spur growth in that part of the city. When this turned out not to be true, many owners took it upon themselves to develop the area around their facility with bars and restaurants. These areas are called: A) downtown districts.

B) arena zones.

C) opportunity zones.

D) entertainment districts.

Ans: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Why Cities Subsidize Sport Facilities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

17. In 1990, President Bush signed a law that was intended to prevent discrimination against qualified people with disabilities in employment, public services, transportation, and public accommodations. This law had a significant impact on the sports and entertainment venue industry by requiring that these venues be accessible to those with disabilities. This law was called: A) the Accessible Act. B) the Americans with Disabilities Act. C) the Disabled Seating Act. D) None of these is correct.

Ans: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

18. What type of plan encompasses categorizing the type of event; knowing the surrounding facilities and environment, team or school rivalries, threats of violence, and the crowd size and seating configuration; using security personnel and ushers; and having an emergency plan?

A) Event plan B) Marketing plan C) Sustainability plan D) Crowd management plan Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

True or False

1. True or False? Many of today’s most famous facilities bear the names of ancient and medieval venues such as Forum, Coliseum, etc.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

2. True or False? Early stadiums in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw professional baseball and football teams developing their own stadiums to be used exclusively by one team.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

3. True or False? Most convention centers around the country are profitable.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Public Assembly Facilities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

4. True or False? Most stadiums have some portion of public financing. Often this financing is done by issuing bonds. A bond is defined as ―an interest-bearing certificate issued by the government or corporation, promising to pay interest and to repay a sum of money.‖ Ans: True

Complexity: Easy Ahead: Facility Financing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

5. True or False? The facility marketing director acts primarily as an in-house advertising agency.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

6. True or False? A ticket rebate is part of the ticketing surcharge that the customer pays. These surcharges are based on the price of the ticket and a portion of this surcharge is returned to the venue as part of their ticketing deal.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Facility Marketing Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

7. True or False? Administration, Sales and Marketing, Facility Services, and Operations are all included in the IAVM’s group of managerial core competencies for facility managers.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

8. True or False? The manager who manages the show from start to finish, including supervising a full staff of ushers, police officers, firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and private concert security staff, is the communications director.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

9. True or False? In smaller venues, the general manager usually books the events. In larger venues, there is usually a position devoted to booking events. This position is often called the booking director.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

10. True or False? The Sports Recycling Company is working to promote green buildings, and to create a culture where teams and sport organizations ―embrace renewable energy, healthy food, recycling, water efficiency, safer chemicals and other environmentally preferable practices.‖ Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management

11. True or False? According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, tickets for disabled seating must be available for purchase during the same hours, at the same stages, through the same methods of distribution, in the same types and numbers of ticketing sales outlets, and under the same terms and conditions as other tickets sold for the same event or series of events.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues

Subject: Chapter 13 Title: Facility Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 14 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not a role of a sports marketing and event management agency?

A) Client representation B) Market research C) Event management D) Promotions Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sport Marketing and Event Management Agencies Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

2. Which of the following are critical event management functions?

A) Finance, event marketing, and risk management B) Event marketing, promotions, and accounting C) Volunteer management, tournament operations, and hiring D) Registration, finance, and promotions Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

3. Which of the following should not be addressed in the pre-event planning stages?

A) Schedule of activities B) Security issues C) Debrief process D) Lines of authority Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

4. Which of the following is not a key area of volunteer management?

A) Working with event organizers and staff to determine the areas and quantity of volunteers needed B) Promotion of volunteer incentives C) Soliciting, training, and managing the volunteers D) The number of volunteers a particular area may need, qualifications of volunteers, and the type of work to be performed Ans: B

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

5. What key information should be included on an event website?

A) News releases, how to purchase tickets, and general event information B) News releases, general event information, and sponsor logos C) Social media, Terms of Service, and news releases D) General event information, sponsor logos, and social media Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

6. Which of the following is an available broadcast option?

A) National TV broadcast B) Local TV broadcast C) Regional TV broadcast D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

7. Sport sponsors utilize hospitality for a variety of reasons, including: A) to reward suppliers for excellent sales.

B) to generate business from new customers.

C) to reward and build relationships with current customers.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

8. Ticket sales are needed for which of the following events?

A) Large professional sporting events B) College football C) Small and medium size events D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

9. Event security is necessary at: A) marathons and stadiums.

B) stadiums and arenas.

C) marathons, stadiums, and arenas.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

10. What is the main benefit of zero-based budgeting for sporting events?

A) This type of budgeting is the simplest to complete, making it effective at managing budgets for many different events.

B) This type of budget process forces managers to view their event from a fresh perspective, never taking elements for granted and always searching for ways to become more efficient and effective.

C) This type of budgeting informs the manager of the cash amount needed to pay expenses at predetermined times throughout the accounting cycle.

D) This type of budgeting involves unique processes to maximize event revenue.

Ans: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

11. What is the main benefit of cash-flow budgeting for sporting events?

A) This type of budgeting informs the manager of the cash amount needed to pay expenses at predetermined times throughout the accounting cycle.

B) This type of budgeting involves unique processes to maximize event revenue.

C) This type of budget process forces managers to view their event from a fresh perspective, never taking elements for granted and always searching for ways to become more efficient and effective.

D) This type of budgeting is the simplest to complete, making it effective at managing budgets for many different events.

Ans: A Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

12. During the event, the script is an integral part of the event and should include: A) the operational needs (equipment and setup) surrounding each activity B) the time of day and what is taking place

C) the event person(s) in charge of the various activities D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

13. Registration is crucial for events that have participants. Which of the following elements should be considered in a registration system?

A) Information that needs to be collected from or disseminated to the participants (e.g., waiver forms, codes for sportsmanship conduct, inclement weather policy, event schedule).

B) Whether the event involves minors, who require the signature of a parent or guardian on a waiver form.

C) None of these is correct.

D) Information that needs to be collected from or disseminated to the participants (e.g., waiver forms, codes for sportsmanship conduct, inclement weather policy, event schedule) and whether the event involves minors, who require the signature of a parent or guardian on a waiver form.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

14. Event marketing programs are crucial to the success of any event. Which of the following is not one of the nine areas of focus?

A) Ticket sales, fundraising, and hospitality B) Broadcasting, advertising, and public relations and media activities C) Corporate sponsorship, customer service, and merchandising D) Website development and management, corporate sponsorship, and licensing Ans: C Complexity: Moderate

Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

15. Advertising is necessary to promote an event. Unfortunately, some events have little to no budget for advertising, so they capitalize on which of the following?

A) Media sponsors and donations B) Attachment to corporate sponsor advertisements and fundraising C) None of these is correct.

D) Media sponsors and donations and attachment to corporate sponsor advertisements and fundraising Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

True/False

1. True or False? Volunteers are a valuable resource and crucial to the event’s success, so they should be scheduled as much as possible.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

2. True or False? Volunteers need to be recognized for their assistance and contribution to the event.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

3. True or False? A sport property cannot be a person, company, event, team, or place. A sport property is only an event.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

4. True or False? Internships in most cases are required to get full-time employment in sports and event management.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

5. True or False? Licensed apparel can be seen as another form of event advertising and brand recognition. It can also drive additional revenue.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

6. True or False? Radio broadcasts are not an effective option for event broadcasts. Live streaming is the best option for all event broadcasts.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

7. True or False? Radio and television broadcasts of an event do not add credibility to the event or provide increased exposure benefits to sponsors.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

8. True or False? Fundraising and sponsorship are essentially the same function in that both generate revenue for the event and both offer advertising benefits.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

9. True or False? Niche and extreme sports can be very valuable to an organization from a sponsorship perspective.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management

10. True or False? There are only two types of budgeting that are useful: zero-based budgeting and cash flow budgeting.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Critical Event Management Functions Subject: Chapter 14 Title: Event Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 15 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Sales in the sport industry places an emphasis on the importance of: A) a given outcome.

B) short-term day of game sales.

C) sport sells itself.

D) building long-term relationships with customers.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

2. Historically, the sales process placed an emphasis on all of the following, except: A) identifying and satisfying consumers’ wants and needs.

B) developing long-term relationships with consumers and corporate partners.

C) filling seats through the mass dissemination of free tickets to attract fans.

D) emphasizing pre-sales training to sales personnel so they were properly trained before dealing with customers.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

3. Mark McCormack, founder of IMG, explained that selling consists of all of the following, except: A) having a winning team or product.

B) getting through to your customers.

C) the process of identifying customers.

D) increasing customer awareness and interest in your product or services.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sales in the Sport Setting Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

4. Each year, Team Marketing Report (TMR) publishes its Fan Cost Index (FCI). The FCI measures the: A) cost of facilities and rental costs to a team.

B) cost of taking a family of four to a game (including tickets, parking, concessions, and souvenir costs).

C) cost of player salaries per average fan attendance.

D) cost of a mini-ticket plan versus season tickets.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sales in the Sport Setting Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

5. Direct (e)mail solicitations are advantageous in that they provide an opportunity to: A) verbally explain the sales offer.

B) counteract objections and answer questions.

C) measure the effectiveness of the direct (e)mail campaign.

D) All of these are correct.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sales in the Sport Setting Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

6. What approach should the sport organization follow to provide a variety of options to meet the wants and needs of different consumers?

A) Benefit selling B) Aftermarketing C) Up-selling D) Eduselling Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sales in the Sport Setting Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

True/False

1. True or False? Innovation in the sales process and methodologies within the sport industry have often been more advanced than those used in other service industries.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sales in the Sport Setting Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

2. True or False? When trying to reach only those people the organization wants to reach, the sport organization should utilize the inside sales method.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sales in the Sport Setting Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

Essay

1. Mullin, Hardy, and Sutton (2007) note that sport marketing, including the sales function, has historically fallen victim to an array of ―marketing myopias‖ that have slowed the growth of this profession. Identify and discuss two or three marketing myopias.

Ans: (1) Belief that by having a winning team, sales would take care of themselves; (2) emphasis on selling the sport organization’s goods and services instead of identifying and satisfying consumers’ wants and needs; (3) short-sighted focus on quick returns, such as selling sponsorships and in-stadium giveaway days, rather than developing long-term relationships with consumers and corporate partners;

(4) lack of collection and use of customer research data; (5) reliance on the misguided notion of filling seats by mass dissemination of free tickets to attract fans, without thinking about the message being delivered about the perceived quality of the product; and (6) poor sales techniques and a lack of investment in the sales effort Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales

2. What are the ―Top Ten Rules for Successful Selling‖ suggested by Mark McCormack?

Ans: 1. Laugh. It never hurts to have a sense of humor.

2. Use a commonsense fit. Make sure you are selling something that makes sense for your prospective customer.

3. Wear Teflon. Don’t take rejection personally; accept it as a challenge.

4. Know the prospect. Know as much as you can about the sales prospect.

5. Pump up the volume. Sales is a numbers business, thus a lot of phone calls are needed to generate one meeting.

6. Knock on old doors. Don’t abandon potential customers just because they turned you down the first time. Be polite, but persistent.

7. Consult, don’t sell. Seek to learn potential customers’ wants and needs, and then work with them to find solutions that are mutually beneficial.

8. Listen! Listen to prospective customers for clues as to what their needs may be.

9. Have two kinds of beliefs. Have an unwavering belief in what you are selling, and in yourself.

10. Ask for the order. Closing the sales is one of the toughest steps. You will never know if a potential customer wants to buy your product until you ask!

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Key Skills: What Makes a Good Salesperson?

Subject: Chapter 15 Title: Sport Sales Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 16 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. For the major professional sport leagues and associations, sponsorships involve:

A) a variety of marketing-mix elements designed to send messages to a targeted audience.

B) one primary sponsor provided with exclusivity across all sponsorship categories.

C) fees that usually never exceed $1,000,000 per year.

D) 1-year deals, as leagues and associations avoid multiyear commitments.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

2. Which of the following is not a challenge that confronts sponsorship executives?

A) How can I use our reams of data to best demonstrate the value of our property to prospective sponsors?

B) How can we more strategically and creatively integrate sponsors’ products and services into our property?

C) How can we ―prove‖ that our sponsors are receiving a return on their investment and their objectives?

D) How can we continue to increase the fees that we charge sponsors without providing them with additional benefits and/or a higher level of service?

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

3. Today’s sport sponsorship can be described as: A) companies delving into a sponsorship program because the CEO wants to.

B) a discipline involving serious research, large investments, and strategic planning.

C) a company’s CEO being knowledgeable about the sport sponsorship business and making the decision himself or herself.

D) a company that wants to be associated with a sport team because of the interaction with professional athletes.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: A Brief History of Sport Sponsorship Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

4. Return on investment (ROI) in the sport sponsorship world is defined as: A) the interest rate and gain realized from financial investments.

B) meeting the company’s specific marketing and sales objectives in some measurable way.

C) financial gain that the company realizes as a result of their sponsorship.

D) financial gain that the sport team realizes as a result of their sponsorship.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: A Brief History of Sport Sponsorship Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

5. The concept requiring that the sponsor commit financial resources in support of its sponsorship through promotion and advertising that thematically includes the sport property’s imagery is known as: A) activation.

B) cross-promotion.

C) return on investment.

D) sales promotion.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: A Brief History of Sport Sponsorship Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

6. Which of the following is typical of the contractual commitments made by sport sponsors?

A) A rights fee in the form of a cash payment B) A single year commitment C) A promise to provide services at a discount to league employees and players D) All of these are correct.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sponsorship Packages Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

7. In measuring return on investment (ROI) from sport sponsorships, companies have used all of the following methods, except: A) periodic consumer surveys.

B) professional research companies such as Sponsorship Research International (SRi).

C) Q-Scores scale.

D) sales/promotion bounceback measures.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sport Sponsorship Platforms Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

True/False

1. True or False? When compared to the other Big 4 professional leagues in the United States, the NBA is viewed as a progressive and innovative league when it comes to its willingness to test innovative marketing and sponsorship concepts.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 16

Title: Sport Sponsorship

Essay

1. In-store promotions are held to drive sales at the retail level. Provide examples of in-store promotional tactics along with a definition for each.

Ans: Premiums: items offered free or at a reduced price as an inducement to buy a product or service.

Typical premiums include tangible items such as bobblehead dolls, T-shirts, and caps. Technology, however, has expanded the range of premium offerings to include, for instance, a free year subscription to MLB.TV for all T-Mobile customers as a way to further leverage T-Mobile’s official sponsorship of MLB. Contests and sweepstakes: competitions that award prizes based on contestants’ skills and abilities and games of chance or luck. One example of a successful sweepstakes is Discover Card’s ―Day with the Cup Sweepstakes,‖ which has sought to leverage assets available via their NHL partnership.

Sampling: inducing consumers to try a product often used in the introduction of a new product. Sampling is one of the most effective sales promotion tools to induce consumers to try a product and is most often used in the introduction of a new product.

Point-of-sale (POS) or point-of-purchase (POP) marketing: display materials on end-aisle units, ―shelftalkers,‖ or banners that attract consumers’ attention to the product or service.

Coupons: certificates that generally offer reductions in price for a product or service.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Sales Promotion in Sport Sponsorship Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship

2. Define the cross-promotional tactics of PB&J partners, codependent partners, and customer-partners.

Ans: ―Peanut butter and jelly‖ (PB&J) partners: where a sponsor teams with another sponsor to create more bang for their buck under the premise that two sponsors working together can generate more interest and awareness among the targeted sport consumers. Got Milk’s leveraging of its NASCAR sponsorship through a cross-promotion with Kellogg’s cereals illustrates the growing amount of sponsorship activation involving what has been dubbed PB&J partners.

Codependent partners: companies whose products or services are integral to each other, such as computer software and hardware manufacturers, teaming up to leverage a sport sponsorship (i.e., IBM, as a sponsor of the NBA, might offer a free NBA video game with the purchase of a new laptop).

Customer-partners: two discrete brands that stand alone but do so much business with each other that they are almost siblings (i.e., to better leverage its sponsorship of MLB, Pepsi and Subway restaurants teaming up together as cross-promotion partners in an official All-Star Game balloting promotion).

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Sales Promotion in Sport Sponsorship Subject: Chapter 16 Title: Sport Sponsorship Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject

Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 17 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. The objective of any good analytics process is: A) reduce the amount of risk—or variability/uncertainty—around any given decision, to create the highest probability of a successful outcome.

B) an impressive outcome, regardless of process.

C) create 10+ metrics to help measure any given variable.

D) reduce the amount of information gathered so leaders are not overwhelmed.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

2. According to statistician and forecaster Nate Silver, the ―signal‖ refers to: A) data from correlated variables.

B) data from uncorrelated variables.

C) results from initial analysis of data.

D) results from reanalysis of data.

Ans: A

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

3. The term business intelligence became commonplace in the analytics industry in the: A) 1950s.

B) 1980s.

C) 2000s.

D) 2010s.

Ans: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: History of Sport Analytics Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

4. An organization’s ―tech stack‖ refers to: A) the physical space technological products occupy, from which analytics processes are run.

B) the creation of data warehousing that assists in data visualization.

C) the collection of tools, platforms, apps, and software that empowers an organization’s data collection and interpretation efforts.

D) the software developers who create tools, apps, and software.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

5. The beginning of any sound analytics practice starts with:

A) collecting data.

B) asking the right questions to identify the problem or issue that data can help solve.

C) coding and using quantitative methods to create metrics.

D) analyzing existing data.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

6. Health statistics derived from wearable technology are an example of data in the category of: A) performance analytics.

B) business intelligence.

C) descriptive analytics.

D) sport analytics.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Issues Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

7. A metric is defined as: A) a standard of measurement.

B) a process-driven practice.

C) a soft skill.

D) a type of technology.

Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17

Title: Sport Analytics

True/False

1. True or False? Variable ticket pricing refers to changes to the pricing of tickets in the lead-up to the game, as fluctuations in supply and demand adjust the price of a ticket to maximize revenue or attendance.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Applied Analytics Topics in Sport Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

2. True or False? Cleaning data is a process that begins with data standardization, where all information and data are organized in a common format with a standard set of definitions.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Applied Analytics Topics in Sport Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

3. True or False? Descriptive analytics uses statistical models and forecasting techniques to understand the future and answer the question, ―What could happen?‖ Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Applied Analytics Topics in Sport Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

Short Answer

1. ____ uses statistical models and forecasting techniques to understand the future and answer a question.

Ans: Predictive analytics Complexity: Easy Ahead: Applied Analytics Topics in Sport Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

2. _____ involves merging and consolidating data to maximize their value to the organization.

Ans: Data integration Complexity: Easy Ahead: Applied Analytics Topics in Sport Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

Essay

1. Identify and briefly explain the five-tool profile in sports analytics.

Ans: The five-tool analytics profile consists of an individual’s ability to do the following: 1. Ask the right questions that get at the problem, or objective, the organization wants solved.

2. Collect the correct data—clean, complete, and representative.

3.Understand statistics sufficiently to model the data properly.

4. Interpret the data, sorting out what is likely meaningful from what is not.

5. Communicate findings in a way that a given audience can understand and act on.

Complexity: Difficult

Ahead: Skill Sets and Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

2. Identify a sector of the sport management industry that interests you (marketing, player development, law, etc.) and form a strategic analysis of how data are used to impact stakeholders within that sector. A stakeholder within sports marketing, for example, could be a venue operator attempting to communicate with event attendees, or a sports marketing agency looking for endorsement deals for its roster of athletes. How might these stakeholders collect, standardize, and interpret useful data to the benefit of their business?

Ans: Utilizing sector specific information, students should articulate how a range of data—ticketing, performance, sales, marketing—can be utilized within the variety of functions. A clear answer should provide specificity with regards to what kind of data are valued within the sector, and how they will be collected and analyzed.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Applied Analytics Topics in Sport Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics

3. Identify and describe the three components of a sport analytics program, as defined by Ben Alamar.

What is the end goal, or objective, of analytics programs?

Ans: (1) Data management, (2) predictive models, and (3) information systems. These three components should work as one, forming an integrated system that organizes and processes relevant data, utilizes that data in some novel way, and then displays or visualizes the information to key decision makers. As applied to the sport business industry, analytics programs provide managers with novel insight while also saving them time by providing relevant information in an accessible and actionable manner, thereby reducing the time spent by key decision makers on gathering and organizing data (Alamar, 2013).

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17 Title: Sport Analytics Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 18 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Which was the first newspaper to cover a sporting event?

A) Boston Gazette B) LA Times C) Chicago Tribune D) Miami Herald Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

2. Which Major League Baseball team was the last team to embrace radio to broadcast their games?

A) Washington Senators B) St. Louis Browns C) Chicago Cubs D) Brooklyn Dodgers E) New York Yankees Ans: E Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

3. Which of the following communication media is often deemed a long-lead publication?

A) Online blog B) Newspaper C) Magazine D) Press release Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

4. The first commercial radio broadcast was: A) November 2, 1920.

B) November 11, 1918, announcing the end of World War I. C) January 1, 1900.

D) None of these is correct.

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate

Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

5. Which sport league was the first to create its own streaming app?

A) MLB B) NFL C) NBA D) NHL Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

6. Which of the following employees of an organization should be involved in the crisis communication process?

A) Owner B) CEO C) Communications staff D) Legal counsel E) All of these are correct.

Ans: E Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Media Relations Activities Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

7. Which new and upcoming technology, often tagged as the future of the Internet, is an integration of immersive presence in a virtually interactive self-sufficient ecosystem?

A) Facebook B) Fiber Internet C) Metaverse D)TikTok Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Media Relations Activities Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

8. Which type of newspaper reporter covers a team on a daily or near daily basis?

A) Beat reporter B) Columnist C) Feature reporter D) News syndicate

Ans: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Media Relations Activities and the Communications Platforms Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

9. Which of the following is the most important priority for the sports media relations professional?

A) Documentary filmmakers B) Non-rightsholder TV stations C) Individual local TV reporters D) Local and national broadcast rightsholders Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Legal and Ethical Issues Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

10. Which of the following legal documents can affect what a team’s media relations staff can share with the media?

A) HIPAA B) Collective bargaining agreements C) FERPA D) All of these are correct.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Legal and Ethical Issues Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

True/False

1. True or False? When the NBA first decided to broadcast NBA games on television, it chose games against the best teams in the league to showcase the best talent.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

2. True or False? When social media platforms first began to sprout in the 2000s, sports leagues immediately began capitalizing on the power of the platforms.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy

Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

3. True or False? It is often the responsibility of the media relations director or other communications staff members to help ensure that players and management are prepared when they are speaking with the media.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Media Relations Activities Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

Short Answer

1. An issue can generally be handled by the media relations staff, while a(n) _____________ usually requires the attention of everyone in the organization.

Ans: crisis Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Media Relations Activities Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

2. __________ media exposure is the by-product of the efforts of sport communications, public relations, and media relations professionals.

Ans: Earned Complexity: Easy Ahead: Media Relations Activities Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

3. ____________ communications keep everyone within an organization updated and informed of the news regarding the organization and its dealings.

Ans: Internal Complexity: Easy Ahead: Internal Communications Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

Essay

1. Why did team owners and executives fear the rise in popularity of television broadcasts? In what ways did they combat this rise in television popularity?

Ans: TV provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy the audio and visual aspects of sporting events from the comfort of their own homes. Team owners and managers were afraid that these mediums would lead to a decline in ticket sales, as people could stay home and watch the games for a lot cheaper than attending in person. For that reason, team owners worked with television executives through the court system to create blackout and broadcast restrictions within a 75-mile radius of the team’s venue.

Additionally, team owners and executives created revenue sharing programs with television rightsholders to make money off of the broadcasts.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

2. What was the original reason for the creation of ESPN? Ans: To broadcast UConn women’s basketball games Complexity: Easy Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

3. Why do many NCAA institutions use third-party companies like Learfield/IMG to assist them with their media rights distribution, sponsorship sales, and broadcasting?

Ans: The NCAA institutions lack the staff resources and professional insights of the major sport properties, often operating at a lower capacity than is necessary to have a successful media rights team.

A third party can help them get the most out of their broadcasting deals.

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

4. Put these communication media in order from earliest to latest influence on sport media: cable TV, radio, broadcast TV, Internet, newspaper.

Ans: newspaper, radio, broadcast TV, cable TV, Internet Complexity: Easy Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

Multiple Response

1. Which of the following did the NFL do to expand its media footprint? Select all that apply.

A) The NFL merged with the American Football League to double the number of teams in the league.

B) The NFL increased the number of special events like the NFL Draft, combines, and all-star events.

C) The NFL provided the media with free and total access to all players, teams, and games.

D) The NFL expanded the number of games a team plays in a season.

Ans: A, C, D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations

2. Which of the following are true of newspapers in the ever-expanding digital world? Select all that apply.

A) Newspapers moved away from local reporting to fully national writers and reporters.

B) Newspapers cut large numbers of employees, mainly editorial staff.

C) Newspapers began to incorporate digital alternatives to their daily print versions of their papers.

D) Newspapers still rely heavily on sport coverage to attract readership to their papers.

Ans: B, C, D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Communication and Sport Subject: Chapter 18 Title: Sport Broadcasting, Communications, and Media Relations Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 19 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Which company used techniques such as a profitable distribution system, fixing retail prices, and endorsements and licensing connections to establish itself as an industry standard?

A) Hillerich & Bradsby B) Spalding C) Original Maple Bat Company D) Old Hickory Ans: B

Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

2. Which of the following accounts for 65% of licensed collegiate merchandise sales?

A) Ticket sales B) Food and beverages C) Apparel D) Home decor Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

3. Which professional league has a deal with Fanatics to be the exclusive manufacturer and distributor of Nike-branded fan merchandise?

A) Major League Baseball B) National Basketball Association C) National Football League D) National Hockey League Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Sporting Goods Distribution Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

4. Which sporting goods company promoted grassroots sport competitions as a means to boost sales?

A) Brunswick B) Hillerich & Bradsby C) Spalding D) Callaway Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

5. Which of the following organizations is considered a trade association for sporting goods professionals?

A) National Basketball Association (NBA) B) Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) C) Sports and Fitness Industry Association (SFIA) D) Collegiate Licensing Company (CLC) Ans: C Complexity: Easy

Ahead: The Sporting Goods Distribution Ecosystem Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

6. Which of the following fields employs the most people?

A) Research and development B) Procurement specializing C) Sporting goods wholesaling D) Sporting goods retailing Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Career Opportunities Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

7. _______________ retailing is a retail format that consolidates multiple distribution channels.

A) Omni-channel B) Online C) Social D) Direct Ans: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Trends and Issues Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

True/False

1. True or False? Some NCAA Division I schools administer their own licensing programs.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

2. True or False? The athletic footwear segment of the sporting goods industry does not include hiking shoes and boots.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry

Essay

1. Describe some of the ways the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the sale of sporting goods.

Ans: It created challenges for manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and licensing sporting goods. Adidas had to close a large number of its stores. Lululemon saw decreased store traffic. Big 5 Sporting Goods had to take actions to enhance their liquidity. The pandemic also caused a blur between products and services, which was exemplified by Peloton. Peloton not only sold their products, but also provided a monthly service for live and on-demand classes. Lululemon similarly blurred product and service with their acquisition of Mirror, an at-home digital workout platform.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Trends and Issues Subject: Chapter 19 Title: The Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industry Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 20 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Direct participation in recreational sport includes: A) tourism.

B) off-site merchandising.

C) ambush marketing.

D) a mountain bike race.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

2. The game of golf originated in: A) Scotland.

B) Ireland.

C) Canada.

D) the United States.

Ans. A Complexity: Easy

Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

3. Following World War II, what was the immediate reaction by local governments in response to the recreation movement?

A) Addition of YMCAs and YWCAs B) To not provide any recreational opportunities C) Creation of local parks and recreation departments D) Building of camping facilities Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

4. Based on the text for this chapter, what does ACA stand for?

A) American Cheerleading Agency B) American Camping Association C) All Camping Agency D) American Canoeing Association Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

5. State forests, state parks, national forests, and national parks are representative of what form of recreation?

A) Boating B) Game trails C) Public recreation D) Private recreation Ans: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Segments of the Recreation Industry Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

6. What is the primary reason for recreation therapy programs?

A) To provide overall medical care B) To improve the patient’s physical, emotional, and mental health C) To provide unstructured recreation programs D) To improve a patient’s health through interactions with animals Ans: B Complexity: Moderate

Ahead: Segments of the Recreation Industry Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

7. All of the following are market drivers for the golf and country club industry, except: A) price to play a round of golf.

B) condition of the course and playing experience.

C) participation and access to playing partners.

D) athletic ability of golfers.

Ans: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Trends Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

True/False

1. True or False? Opportunities for organized participation in recreation programs end for all adults in early adulthood.

Ans: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

2. True or False? Across the board, women are participating at a higher rate in outdoor activity than ever before.

Ans: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: History Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

Essay

1. Define a private club.

Ans: 1. A place that is not open to the public. 2. A member or an individual must be accepted by the rest of the membership before he or she can join. Once accepted, the new member usually must pay an initiation fee and continuing monthly membership dues. Some clubs also have minimum spending requirements for members (e.g., members must spend a certain amount of money each month or year in the club’s food and beverage outlets). 3. It has a standard meeting place, typically a clubhouse, critical to its operation. 4. It is a place where comingling of social, recreational, or educational purposes occurs.

Complexity: Difficult

Ahead: Segments of the Golf and Country Club Industry Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management

2. List three skills recreation managers are looking for from potential employees.

Ans: Recreation managers are seeking effective instructors, leaders, or guides who can create and execute programs, deliver excellent instruction tailored to the participants’ needs, and provide leadership in challenging situations. A recreation manager wants people-oriented employees who know how to communicate well with the public, who work well with a diverse population of customers and staff, and who are responsible individuals committed to delivering quality programs and services.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Strategies for Entering the Recreation, Golf Management, and Club Operations Field Subject: Chapter 20 Title: Recreation and Golf Club Management Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Complexity Information Field: Ahead Information Field: Subject Information Field: Title Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No NAS ISBN13: 9781284254358, add to Ahead, Title tags

Chapter: Chapter 21 - Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. The text suggests not all jobs are in professional and college sports. Which of the following segments of the sport industry is suggested as a viable career option?

A) Sporting goods B) Health and fitness C) Recreation D) All of these were suggested.

Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Reality of a Career in Sport Management Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

2. On average, __________ internship and job openings are posted each year at the Professional Baseball Employment Opportunities (PBEO) Job Fair that is held in conjunction with the Winter Baseball Meetings.

A) fewer than 300 B) 350 to 450 C) 400 to 500 D) more than 600 Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Reality of a Career in Sport Management Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

3. What should be your first step in the career preparation process?

A) Talking to industry professionals B) Writing an elevator pitch C) Job shadowing D) Self-reflecting Ans: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Career Preparation Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

4. What happens during a behavioral interview?

A) You fill out a lengthy survey.

B) You are asked a series of yes–no questions.

C) You are asked questions that probe for specific examples.

D) You are asked a series of this or that questions.

Ans: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Developing a Personal Brand Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

5. A cover letter should not: A) request an interview.

B) restate your resume.

C) explain why the position is of interest to you.

D) discuss your qualifications.

Ans: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Developing a Personal Brand Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

True/False

1. True or False? It is not acceptable to email your resume for a job opening.

Ans: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Developing a Personal Brand Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

2. True or False? Volunteering to work at local sporting events can make a difference when applying for a job.

Ans: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Reality of a Career in Sport Management Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

Essay

1. Explain why a sport management degree is or is not a ticket to success.

Ans: The number of sport management programs in the country is growing, with more than 400 colleges and universities currently offering sport management as a major at either the undergraduate or graduate level. All of these graduates are seeking employment in the sport industry. In addition, some students graduating with degrees in management, marketing, public relations, communications, or exercise science, as well as many from MBA programs and law schools, are vying to land jobs in the field. People currently working in industries outside of sport, such as advertising, banking, law, or financial services, are increasingly considering career changes into the sport industry, showcasing the transferable skills, such as sales or merchandising, they acquired in those other industries. Obviously, competition for jobs is intense, and a sport management degree does not guarantee a job in the industry.

Complexity: Difficult Ahead: The Reality of a Career in Sport Management Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

2. Identify and define some of the traits and skills a successful job candidate will exhibit.

Ans: Preparation, personal skills, communication skills, goal orientation, experience, organizational skills, professional appearance, computer skills, cross-cultural awareness Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Developing a Personal Brand Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success

3. What are the characteristics of a successful elevator pitch?

Ans: (1) 150–250 words or 60 seconds; (2) a ―hook‖; (3) finding the need and filling the need; (4) passion; (5) the ―ask‖ Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Developing a Personal Brand Subject: Chapter 21 Title: Strategies for Career Success