Test Bank For Motivation Biological, Psychological, and Environmental, 6E By Lambert Deckers Chapter 1-12 Chapter 1: Introduction to Motivation and Emotion 1.1. To motivate means a. to be moved to do something. b. to want to do something. c. to be able to do something. d. to know how to do something. a 2 1.2. Motive is to incentive as a. pull is to push. b. push is to pull. c. the future is to the present. d. good grades are to valuing grades. b 2 1.3. Motive is to incentive as a. hunger is to thirst. b. food is to water. c. hunger is to food. d. food is to hunger. c 2 1.4. __________ are the focus of a person’s motivation while __________ serve as assists in that motivation. a. incentives…..goals b. needs…..incentives c. needs…..goals d. goals…..incentives d 2 1.5. What is the function or aim of an emotion? The aim is to a. motivate behavior that aids in coping with environmental demands. b. arouse activity in several behavioral channels. c. produce an inner subjective feeling. d. express your emotion facially to other individuals. a 3, 4 1.6. In emotion, what does affect refer to? Affect refers to a. physiological arousal b. subjective feelings c. facial expressions d. tendency to act b
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1.7. What is the relationship between emotion and motivation? a. Emotions have no motivating function. b. Emotions provide knowledge about a person’s immediate environment. c. Emotions serve as motives to satisfy the aim of the emotion. d. Emotion are a way of energizing and activating an individual’s behavior, but without purpose c 3, 4 1.8. What is the purpose of a psychology of motivation? The purpose is to explain why a. motivation seems to vary within a person at different times, e.g., hungry or not b. motivation varies among people at the same time, e.g., men usually eat more than women c. people want stuff and lots of it d. answers a and b: What is motivating varies within a person and varies among people d 4, 5 1.9. Most students prefer a grade of A in a course compared to a grade of B. This preference reflects what concept? a. the value of an incentive b. the strength of a motive c. push motivation d. the emotion of pride when earning a grade of A a 13, 14 1.10. How do drives and psychological needs motivate behavior? Drives and psychological needs a. agitate a person into action. b. motivated behaviors that reduce the unpleasantness of the drives and needs. c. activate environmental stimuli associated with the drives and needs. d. suppress or inhibit behaviors that satisfy drives and needs. b 12, 13 1.11. The valence of an incentive or valence of a goal refers to a. the positive quality of an incentive or goal b. the negative quality of an incentive or goal c. either the positive or negative quality of an incentive or goal d. how far in the future an incentive or goal becomes available c 13 1.12. What does Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility refer to? a. All human motives originate in the unconscious. b. Motivation originated in our evolutionary past. c. Behavior is based on doing what is right. d. The ability of things to affect happiness determine human behavior d 13, 14
1.13. What is the implication of motivation as anticipation of the future? a. People behave in order to bring about desired consequences. b. A person’s anticipation of the future cannot motivate behavior in the present. c. Anticipation is the emotion that occurs when the future becomes the present. d. People’s prior experiences motivate their current behavior. a 5 1.14. During the anticipatory response mechanism, individuals a. imagine achieving a goal b. exhibit a portion or segment of actual consummatory behavior c. affectively forecast their end-state experience d. are experiencing an emotion b 6 1.15. What does simulation refer to in regards to motivation? a. That a goal pushes a person into action b. That a person experiences a fraction of actual consummatory behavior c. That a person visualizes, mentally interacts with, and imagines the end-state of motivation d. That a person becomes energized to engage in instrumental behavior c 6, 7 1.16. During affective forecasting, a person is a. trying to determine how to achieve a goal. b. trying to decide what goal to pursue. c. experiencing an emotion. d. trying to predict his/her future feelings. d 7 1.17. According to the Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus, hedonism means a. that in the long run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain. b. that in the short run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain. c. to live life to the fullest each day, as if there is no tomorrow. d. to be unwilling to endure a hardship that is necessary for accomplishing a goal. a 8 1.18. Occasionally you visualize yourself walking across the stage and receiving your university diploma. This visual image helps keep you motivated to attend classes, study, and complete your assignments. This visual imagery is an example of a. anticipatory response mechanism b. cognitive motivation c. affective forecasting d. emotional thinking b 5, 6 1.19. Consummatory behavior refers to a. eating a food reward. b. working to attain a food reward. c. behavior that completes a motivational sequence.
d. choosing which motive to satisfy. c 5
1.20. What steps, in the correct order, are involved in motivation as a journey? a. instrumental behavior, consummatory behavior, choice of motive or incentive b. consummatory behavior, instrumental behavior, choice of motive or incentive c. affective forecasting, anticipatory behavior, cognitive motivation d. choice of motive or incentive, instrumental behavior, consummatory behavior d 8, 9 1.21. What statement best illustrates the concept of instrumental behavior? a. studying in order to pass a motivation test b. thinking about the day’s events c. exercising 3 days per week, 1 hour daily d. consummatory behavior with an incentive a 9, 10 1.22. What is the difference between a biological source and a psychological source of motivation? As sources, a. biological refers to the body; psychological refers to the brain. b. biological refers to physiological processes; psychological refers to mental processes c. biological refers to pull motivation; psychological refers to push motivation. d. biological refers to cognitive motivation; psychological refers to simulation processes b 12, 13 1.23. What is ghrelin and what is its function? Ghrelin is a. a psychological variable that is associated with hunger. b. a biological variable that is associated with the need to belong or to affiliate. c. a biological variable that is associated with hunger. d. a psychological variable that is associated with the need to belong or to affiliate. c 12 1.24. What is a motivating function of the need to belong or the need to affiliate? These needs a. motivate individuals to manipulate others for their own personal pleasure. b. are motives that protects individuals from feeling dejected when snubbed. c. motivate a person to behave emotionally. d. motivate a person to examine others for signs of acceptance/rejection. d 3, 13, 19 1.25. The explanation for human nature resides in people’s a. evolutionary past b. anticipation of their future c. agency d. reinforcement history
a 19 1.26. Which of the following represents an external source of motivation? a. amount of ghrelin in a person’s blood b. amount of an incentive c. degree of self-worth d. intensity of instrumental behavior b 11, 13 1.27. In general, sources of motivation refer to a. emotions b. the intelligence necessary for motivated behavior. c. the origin or starting place of events that motivate behavior. d. the behaviors that indicate or measure motivation. c 11 1.28. Why are people motivated by different things? The reason people differ in what motivates them is that a. each person has a different evolutionary past. b. people differ in their human nature. c. people’s internal states like hunger remain constant d. people vary in stable individual characteristics like needs and traits. d 4, 5 1.29. According to Bandura’s agentic theory, people a. choose or create their circumstances. b. stress too much when bad things happen to them c. react passively to the stimuli in their environment. d. are not affected by their circumstances. a 16 1.30. Behavior is most strongly motivated when a. a person wants to do something. b. a psychological need is present plus a matching incentive is available. c. an incentive is available. d. a psychological need is present. b 18 1.31. Variation in Darwin's theory of evolution refers to a. the environment favoring some physical traits over other traits for survival. b. children receiving different amounts of a physical trait from each parent. c. differences among humans in the extent of some physical trait. d. physical traits being inherited from one generation to the next. c 19 1.32. Selection in Darwin's theory of evolution refers to a. differences among humans in the amount of some physical trait. b. physical traits being inherited from one generation to the next. c. children receiving different amounts of a physical trait from each parent.