Test Bank for Journey of Adulthood, 10th Edition by Barbara R. Bjorklund & Julie Earles |Chapters 12

Test Bank For Journey of Adulthood, 10th Edition Barbara R. Bjorklund Julie Earles Chapter 1-12 Chapter 1

Multiple Choice Single Select M/C Question What is empirical research? a) Common knowledge Consider This: This type of research is objective.

LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology b) Autobiographies Consider This: This type of research is objective.

LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology c) Personal experiences Consider This: This type of research is objective.

LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology d) Scientific studies ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 What are normative age-graded influences? a) Changes associated with age b) Changes that happen regardless of age Consider This: Biology and society both work together with these influences.

LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development c) Changes related to psychological age Consider This: Biology and society both work together with these influences.

LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development d) Changes that are influenced by our parents Consider This: Biology and society both work together with these influences.

LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development, Topic=Normative Age-Graded Influences, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 The term _________ is almost synonymous with generation, but it is narrower in scope. a) cohort b) group Consider This: People who are different ages can be affected differently by historical events.

LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development c) peers Consider This: People who are different ages can be affected differently by historical events.

LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development d) culture Consider This: People who are different ages can be affected differently by historical events.

LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Easy, M/C Question 4 How do behavior geneticists primarily study the influence of genes on behaviors? a) Surveys Consider This: This is the most effective way to study genetic influence in people because the genes are identical.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) Twin studies c) Focus groups Consider This: This is the most effective way to study genetic influence in people because the genes are identical.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life d) Cohort studies Consider This: This is the most effective way to study genetic influence in people because the genes are identical.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 What does epigenetic inheritance mean? a) Genes are passed down through the parents.

Consider This: Most developmentalists subscribe to an interactionist view.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) Genes work independently from the environment.

Consider This: Most developmentalists subscribe to an interactionist view.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life c) Gene expression can be modified by experience. d) Genes are best studied through twin studies.

Consider This: Most developmentalists subscribe to an interactionist view.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 When does age become just a number and not a predictor of a stage or behavior? a) Early adulthood Consider This: Until a certain point, certain milestones happen with age.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age b) Adolescence c) Older adulthood Consider This: Until a certain point, certain milestones happen with age.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age d) Infancy Consider This: Until a certain point, certain milestones happen with age.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 Which of the following is the best definition for the life-span developmental psychology approach? a) Development occurs over the lifetime and is multidimensional, shaped by many causes. b) Development occurs over the lifetime, primarily from social causes from the peer group.

Consider This: This approach looks at development as a plastic process.

LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach c) Development occurs over the lifetime, initially shaped by biological causes, then by environmental causes.

Consider This: This approach looks at development as a plastic process.

LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach d) Development occurs over the lifetime, but in a limited fashion as the majority of development occurs infancy through adolescence.

Consider This: This approach looks at development as a plastic process.

LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; Submodule LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 What is the key point of the bioecological model of development? a) Development should be studied on a case-by-case basis.

Consider This: Bronfenbrenner’s theories examined the intersection of various systems.

LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development b) Development is driven by biological factors.

Consider This: Bronfenbrenner’s theories examined the intersection of various systems.

LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development c) Development cannot be studied out of context. d) Development is a new, unformed discipline.

Consider This: Bronfenbrenner’s theories examined the intersection of various systems.

LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; Submodule LO: 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 The _____________ method chooses different groups of subjects who represent a series of different ages and compares their responses. a) cohort Consider This: This method measures each subject only once and compares the results against each subject.

LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research b) longitudinal Consider This: This method measures each subject only once and compares the results against each subject.

LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research

c) sequential Consider This: This method measures each subject only once and compares the results against each subject.

LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research d) cross-sectional ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 Which of the following is a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies? a) Meta-analysis Consider This: A series of longitudinal studies can begin at different points in time.

LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research b) Comparison of means Consider This: A series of longitudinal studies can begin at different points in time.

LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research c) Sequential study d) Experimental design Consider This: A series of longitudinal studies can begin at different points in time.

LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 11 Martha studies the personality traits that are central to a person’s life. For example, she notes that Maggie is introverted and has always loved crafts, such as knitting. These traits are examples of which concept that is central to developmental psychology? a) Change Consider This: Some parts of our personality remain the same.

LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development b) Stability c) Stages Consider This: Some parts of our personality remain the same.

LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development d) Atypical change Consider This: Some parts of our personality remain the same.

LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Carly was a teenage mom, who then became a grandmother at 35. Carly also found out that she was pregnant at the same time as her own daughter. This situation is an example of _________ stages. a) stable Consider This: Some stages are unique to each individual.

LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development b) typical Consider This: Some stages are unique to each individual.

LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development c) continuous Consider This: Some stages are unique to each individual.

LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development d) atypical ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 13 Ellie notices her first gray hairs, and Jim is looking forward to retirement at age 65. What do these two events have in common? a) They are both nonnormative history-graded influences.

Consider This: These types of influences are expected as we mature.

LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development b) They are both normative history-graded influences.

Consider This: These types of influences are expected as we mature.

LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development c) They are both nonnormative age-graded influences.

Consider This: These types of influences are expected as we mature.

LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development d) They are both normative age-graded influences ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.1 Identify normative age-graded influences on development, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 Miguel is devastated when his wife of two years passes away from breast cancer at age 31. This situation is an example of a a) nonnormative life event. b) normative age-graded influence.

Consider This: Life does not always occur “on time.”

LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood

c) normative history-graded influence.

Consider This: Life does not always occur “on time.”

LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood d) nonnormative history-graded influence.

Consider This: Life does not always occur “on time.”

LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Jack has the gene for celiac disease, but it does not get turned on until he experiences a traumatic dental visit at age 7. This situation is an example of a) normative age-graded influences.

Consider This: Biology and the environment are often intertwined.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) epigenetic inheritance. c) normative history-graded influences.

Consider This: Biology and the environment are often intertwined.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life d) nonnormative life events.

Consider This: Biology and the environment are often intertwined.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Dr. Cundy, a behavior geneticist, is interested in conducting a twin study to investigate the influence genetics may have on a person’s propensity to be married. What problem is Dr. Cundy likely to face? a) Very difficult statistical analyses Consider This: Behavior geneticists tend to rely on this type of study to explore behaviors from genes.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) A lack of twins to study c) Ethical considerations

Consider This: Behavior geneticists tend to rely on this type of study to explore behaviors from genes.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life d) Little theoretical guidance Consider This: Behavior geneticists tend to rely on this type of study to explore behaviors from genes.

LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 17 Whitney is excited to finally celebrate her 21st birthday with her friends. They go out to dinner, and she orders a glass of wine. This situation is an example of ______________ age. a) psychological Consider This: After childhood, few milestones are marked with a certain age.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age b) biological Consider This: After childhood, few milestones are marked with a certain age.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age c) social Consider This: After childhood, few milestones are marked with a certain age.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age d) chronological ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Frank, a 38-year-old man, lives at home with his mother because he cannot keep a job longer than a month or two. Frank’s _________ age is lower than many of his peers who live independently with their spouses and children. a) functional Consider This: This type of age refers to the ability an adult has to deal with the environment compared to others.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age b) psychological c) chronological

Consider This: This type of age refers to the ability an adult has to deal with the environment compared to others.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age d) social Consider This: This type of age refers to the ability an adult has to deal with the environment compared to others.

LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Tom is a stay-at-home father to his three girls. He is caring and attentive, known for hosting the best tea parties on the block. This situation is an example of which key concept from the lifespan developmental approach? a) Historical context Consider This: This key concept suggests that many aspects of development can be modified.

LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach b) Multidimensional Consider This: This key concept suggests that many aspects of development can be modified.

LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach c) Plasticity d) Contextualism Consider This: This key concept suggests that many aspects of development can be modified.

LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; Submodule LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 John’s development has been, on some level, influenced by the economy and political system since those affect which resources are available to him. These are examples of which one of Bronfenbrenner’s systems? a) Exosystem Consider This: People are influenced by large-scale social structures.

LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development b) Mesosystem Consider This: People are influenced by large-scale social structures.

LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development

c) Macrosystem d) Microsystem Consider This: People are influenced by large-scale social structures.

LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 What is a key difference between interviews and surveys? a) Interviews tend to be open-ended, while surveys are structured. b) Interviews allow for anonymity, while surveys are confidential.

Consider This: These two methods ask different questions of participants.

LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures c) Interviews are quantifiable, while surveys are qualitative.

Consider This: These two methods ask different questions of participants.

LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures d) Interviews are quick, while surveys are more time-intensive.

Consider This: These two methods ask different questions of participants.

LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Sally conducts a survey and finds that as the age of her sample increases, the more likely people are to vote Republican. This is an example of which type of analysis? a) Causality Consider This: This type of analysis finds how two variables work together.

LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis b) Comparison of means Consider This: This type of analysis finds how two variables work together.

LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis c) Meta-analysis Consider This: This type of analysis finds how two variables work together.

LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis d) Correlational ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 Christina, who is working on her research design for her senior thesis in her development class, announces she wants to do a true experiment to explore alcoholism and Alzheimer’s. What do you say to her, and why? a) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because it is impossible to have a control group.

Consider This: It can be difficult to control for extraneous variables.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because they are timeintensive.

Consider This: It can be difficult to control for extraneous variables.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs c) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because you cannot have truly random group assignments. d) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because they are so hard to analyze.

Consider This: It can be difficult to control for extraneous variables.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: c Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Difficult

M/C Question 24 Stanley is conducting which type of study when he does longitudinal research on the development of people who were diagnosed with autism as children? a) Survey Consider This: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are included in this category of studies that tells a story.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) Quasi-experiment Consider This: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are included in this category of studies that tells a story.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs c) Qualitative Consider This: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are included in this category of studies that tells a story.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs d) Descriptive ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Hamri is conducting _________ research when he examines old slave records to discover lifespan expectancies. a) longitudinal Consider This: Content analysis is a good way of revealing the stories of people who lived long ago.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) qualitative c) quasi-experimental Consider This: Content analysis is a good way of revealing the stories of people who lived long ago.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs d) descriptive Consider This: Content analysis is a good way of revealing the stories of people who lived long ago.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 26 Seubert et al. (2017) used a cross-sectional design to examine the changes in olfaction in participants of different ages. What were the key findings? a) As individuals aged, their sense of smell declined.

Consider This: Cross-sectional designs don’t measure changes within an individual.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) Olfactory dysfunction increased with age. c) The attrition rate was too high to draw meaningful conclusions.

Consider This: Cross-sectional designs don’t measure changes within an individual.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs d) Olfactory dysfunction was the same for men and women.

Consider This: Cross-sectional designs don’t measure changes within an individual.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 27 Which of the following designs would allow for data to be analyzed using comparison of means? a) Correlational Consider This: Comparing means is a way of examining differences between groups.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) Qualitative

Consider This: Comparing means is a way of examining differences between groups.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs c) Experimental d) Meta-analysis Consider This: Comparing means is a way of examining differences between groups.

LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 28 Serena enlisted in the military in her early 20s, leading her to relocate every 2-3 years. She met her partner, while she was deployed overseas. In her early 30s, they married but decided to postpone having children so that she could enroll in college. She felt awkward at time because she was older than the other students in her classes. These experiences could be considered which of the following aspects of adulthood? a) Individual differences b) Commonalities Consider This: These are aspects unique to an individual.

LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood c) Cohort Consider This: These are aspects unique to an individual.

LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood d) Stability Consider This: These are aspects unique to an individual.

LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Easy

Essay SA Question 29 Compare and contrast the concepts of stability and change in an individual’s life. How is change related to the different types of stages, and what types of changes are inner and which are outer?

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Distinguish between genetic and environmental influences on adult development. How do interactionists try to resolve this dichotomy?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 Compare and contrast the concepts of biological, social, psychological, and chronological ages.

What does “functional age” mean, and what example can you think of that demonstrates this term?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 32 Compare and contrast the key tenets of the life-span developmental approach and the bioecological model of development.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 33 Analyze the different types of research methods and how each uses different behavior measures, analyses, and research designs. When is each research method most appropriate, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate Essay Question 34 Reflecting on your own life’s journey thus far, apply the concepts of stability and change. How do you see both stages and continuity in your life thus far? What do you expect will happen next, and why?

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate Essay Question 35 Evaluate the sources of change that affect adult development. Which influences are most powerful, and why? What has been the most influential in your own personal life, and why?

Which influences are you in control of, and which ones are you not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 Defend the statement “age is only a number.” Critique the importance society places on chronological age and explain the importance of functional age.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Assess how the life-span development approach and the bioecological model of development can work together to explain development. Apply each of the major tenets to examples in your own life.

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models, Topic=Some Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 38 Choose a developmental research question that interests you. Design your own study, indicating which research method, behavior measures, and research design you would use.

What analyses do you think you would use to analyze your results? Defend your design choice with support from the text.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Difficult Essay Question 39 Describe sequential study research designs. How do these designs allow researchers to tease apart effects of history-graded influences and normative age-graded influences?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch2

Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 Which theory of aging focuses on changes at the cellular level, including the release of free radicals? a) Oxidative damage b) Genetic limits Consider This: This theory suggests that as we age, our resistance to environmental effects diminishes.

LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging c) Caloric restriction Consider This: This theory suggests that as we age, our resistance to environmental effects diminishes.

LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging d) Interactionist view Consider This: This theory suggests that as we age, our resistance to environmental effects diminishes.

LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 Which theory of aging is centered on the idea that each species has a maximum life span? a) Oxidative damage Consider This: This theory suggests that aging is imbedded within each of us.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging b) Genetic limits c) Caloric restriction Consider This: This theory suggests that aging is imbedded within each of us.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging

d) Interactionist view Consider This: This theory suggests that aging is imbedded within each of us.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 What is true about adults in their 40s and 50s in terms of obesity? a) They are twice as likely to be obese than other age groups.

Consider This: As people age, they may become more sedentary.

LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time b) They are slightly more likely to be obese than other age groups. c) They are half as likely to be obese than other age groups.

Consider This: As people age, they may become more sedentary.

LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time d) They are rarely obese compared to other age groups.

Consider This: As people age, they may become more sedentary.

LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.2: Analyze how adults deal with age-related changes in appearance; Submodule LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time, Topic=Physical Changes in Outward Appearance, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 Which sense develops latest in infants and is the first to show decline as we age? a) Touch Consider This: This is the most complex of the senses.

LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes b) Smell

Consider This: This is the most complex of the senses.

LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes c) Hearing Consider This: This is the most complex of the senses.

LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes d) Vision ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.3: Summarize how the senses change with age; Submodule LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes, Topic=The Changing Senses, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 At what age do most athletic abilities peak? a) 20s b) 30s Consider This: Most prime athletes are young and around college age.

LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age c) 40s Consider This: Most prime athletes are young and around college age.

LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age d) 50s Consider This: Most prime athletes are young and around college age.

LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 What is true about the incidence of insomnia as we age? a) It decreases for everyone, but even more so for women.

Consider This: Lifestyle and outside factors, such as stress, affect insomnia.

LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages b) It increases for everyone, but even more so for men.

Consider This: Lifestyle and outside factors, such as stress, affect insomnia.

LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages c) It increases for everyone, but even more so for women. d) It decreases for everyone, but even more so for men.

Consider This: Lifestyle and outside factors, such as stress, affect insomnia.

LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 About _________ % of facial skin aging and variation of body weight can be attributed to genetics. a) 60 b) 90 Consider This: Genetics has a moderately strong effect on genetics.

LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging c) 40 Consider This: Genetics has a moderately strong effect on genetics.

LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging d) 25 Consider This: Genetics has a moderately strong effect on genetics.

LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.6: Relate aging experiences to demographic influences; Submodule LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging, Topic=Individual Differences in Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 Which of the following is associated with the genetic limits theory of aging? a) Free radicals Consider This: It is the number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging b) Hayflick limits c) Rapamycin Consider This: It is the number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging d) Resveratrol Consider This: It is the number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 The limited studies on caloric restriction in humans show a) lower incidence of brain atrophy.

Consider This: Caloric restriction has positive physical benefits, though not necessarily psychological ones.

LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake b) increase in sex hormones.

Consider This: Caloric restriction has positive physical benefits, though not necessarily psychological ones.

LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake c) increase in heart disease.

Consider This: Caloric restriction has positive physical benefits, though not necessarily psychological ones.

LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake d) reduction in cancer deaths.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 What age group is most likely to have plastic surgery? a) 13-19 years Consider this: The age group probably reflects the intersection of declining age and increasing income.

LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age b) 20-29 years Consider this: The age group probably reflects the intersection of declining age and increasing income.

LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age c) 30-39 years Consider this: The age group probably reflects the intersection of declining age and increasing income.

LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age d) 40-54 years ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=2.2: Analyze how adults deal with age-related changes in appearance; Submodule LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age, Topic=Physical Changes in Outward Appearance, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Hearing loss rates have declines in recent years. This is likely due to a) a reduction in workplace noise. b) improved hearing aid technology.

Consider This: The U.S. Bureau of Labor regulates this.

LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging c) better preventative care.

Consider This: The U.S. Bureau of Labor regulates this.

LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging d) cochlear implants.

Consider This: The U.S. Bureau of Labor regulates this.

LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=2.3: Summarize how the senses change with age; Submodule LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging, Topic=The Changing Senses, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 12 Teri is 61 years old and has developed an autoimmune disorder. This is most likely due to a) the reduced ability of T cells to fight infection.

Consider This: Antibody production is also implicated in autoimmune disorder.

LO: 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system b) a process of primary aging.

Consider This: Antibody production is also implicated in autoimmune disorder.

LO: 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system c) abnormalities in B cells that occur with age. d) a lack of vitamin supplements.

Consider This: Antibody production is also implicated in autoimmune disorder.

LO: 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 Dr. King is examining whether running has an effect on telomeres. Dr. King is working under which theory? a) Genetic limits b) Oxidative damage Consider This: This theory focuses on whether programmed aging can be altered.

LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging c) Caloric restriction Consider This: This theory focuses on whether programmed aging can be altered.

LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging d) Interactionist view Consider This: This theory focuses on whether programmed aging can be altered.

LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging ANS: a

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 Margaret undergoes a DXA scan and discovers her bones have rapidly become less dense since she turned 55. Margaret has a) osteoarthritis.

Consider This: This condition affects women much more than men because women’s bones are smaller.

LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes b) BMD. Consider This: This condition affects women much more than men because women’s bones are smaller.

LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes c) osteoporosis. d) scoliosis.

Consider This: This condition affects women much more than men because women’s bones are smaller.

LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 On a day-to-day basis, how does the heart of an older person compare to one of a younger person? a) The heart of the older person works slower than the younger person.

Consider This: Disease is what affects the functioning of the heart for typical activities.

LO 2.4.2: Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems change with age

b) They both work just about the same. c) The heart of the older person works faster than the younger person.

Consider This: Disease is what affects the functioning of the heart for typical activities.

LO 2.4.2: Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems change with age d) The heart of the older person has more plaque than the younger person.

Consider This: Disease is what affects the functioning of the heart for typical activities.

LO 2.4.2: Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems change with age ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.2: Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems change with age, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 A study reveals that Mark’s brain at age 70 is experiencing both changes in neurons and also some pruning of neurons. These are both examples of the brain’s a) myelin.

Consider This: The brain is not a rigid organ.

LO 2.4.3: Identify age-related changes to the nervous system b) neurogenesis.

Consider This: The brain is not a rigid organ.

LO 2.4.3: Identify age-related changes to the nervous system c) stem cells.

Consider This: The brain is not a rigid organ.

LO 2.4.3: Identify age-related changes to the nervous system d) plasticity.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.3: Identify age-related changes to the nervous system, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 Thomas has always played tennis, but now that he is in his 60s, he finds he has more trouble following the ball and connecting his racquet with it. Thomas is experiencing a loss of a) density.

Consider This: Arthritic changes in the joints affect this ability.

LO 2.5.2 Identify age-related challenges in personal stamina, dexterity, and balance b) stamina.

Consider This: Arthritic changes in the joints affect this ability.

LO 2.5.2 Identify age-related challenges in personal stamina, dexterity, and balance c) balance.

Consider This: Arthritic changes in the joints affect this ability.

LO 2.5.2 Identify age-related challenges in personal stamina, dexterity, and balance d) dexterity.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.5 Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.2: Identify age-related challenges in personal stamina, dexterity, and balance, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Cho, a 51-year-old woman, is complaining of insomnia. She says she has trouble getting to sleep because her temperature is off, and when she does fall asleep, her partner says she snores loudly. Cho is likely experiencing insomnia as a result of a) stress.

Consider This: This affects women only.

LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages b) menopause. c) lifestyle factors.

Consider This: This affects women only.

LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages d) genetic disposition.

Consider This: This affects women only.

LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Differences in sexual desire between young adults and middle-aged adults appear to be related to a) exercise.

Consider This: This is a major form of stress for young adults that decreases as we move into middle-age.

LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age b) income.

Consider This: This is a major form of stress for young adults that decreases as we move into middle-age.

LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age c) parenthood. d) diet.

Consider This: This is a major form of stress for young adults that decreases as we move into middle-age.

LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Alana and Amber are identical twins in their 60s. Alana looks much older than Amber; what is likely to be true? a) Alana has an inherited disease that has aged her faster than Amber.

Consider This: Lifestyle factors affect the aging process.

LO 2.6.2: Relate lifestyle to how a person ages b) Alana has more genetic predisposition for aging than Amber.

Consider This: Lifestyle factors affect the aging process.

LO 2.6.2: Relate lifestyle to how a person ages c) Alana has a more sedentary lifestyle than Amber. d) Alana has avoided UV exposure more than Amber.

Consider This: Lifestyle factors affect the aging process.

LO 2.6.2: Relate lifestyle to how a person ages ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.6: Relate aging experiences to demographic influences; Submodule LO 2.6.2: Relate lifestyle to how a person ages, Topic=Individual Differences in Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 What is an example of a food desert? a) A middle-class neighborhood with one grocery store Consider This: Some areas experience a dearth of healthy food options.

LO 2.6.3: Describe racial and socioeconomic impacts on the experience of aging b) A low-income neighborhood with many people on government aid Consider This: Some areas experience a dearth of healthy food options.

LO 2.6.3: Describe racial and socioeconomic impacts on the experience of aging c) A high-income neighborhood with expensive health food stores Consider This: Some areas experience a dearth of healthy food options.

LO 2.6.3: Describe racial and socioeconomic impacts on the experience of aging d) A low-income neighborhood with many convenience stores ANS: d

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.6: Relate aging experiences to demographic influences; Submodule LO 2.6.3: Describe racial and socioeconomic impacts on the experience of aging, Topic=Individual Differences in Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Mara is menopausal and considering hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which of the following is accurate advice for Mara? a) Exercise and yoga may be more effective for alleviating hot flashes.

Consider This: No form of HRT is a “fountain of youth.”

LO 2.4.5: Differentiate how hormone changes affect males and females b) HRT will not reverse aging, but may alleviate some symptoms. c) HRT may decrease risk of some cancers.

Consider This: No form of HRT is a “fountain of youth.”

LO 2.4.5: Differentiate how hormone changes affect males and females d) Replacing estrogen can provide protection against disease.

Consider This: No form of HRT is a “fountain of youth.”

LO 2.4.5: Differentiate how hormone changes affect males and females ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.5: Differentiate how hormone changes affect males and females, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 23 Carl is 72-years-old, has been a lifelong smoker, and lived in urban areas for most of his life.

Compared to his 23-year-old granddaughter, what is most likely to be true about Carl? a) He prefers salsa to ketchup on his food.

Consider This: Diseases and medication may also have this effect.

LO 2.3.3: Explain how taste and smell change with age b) He is overly sensitive to certain smells.

Consider This: Diseases and medication may also have this effect.

LO 2.3.3: Explain how taste and smell change with age c) He has about half as many taste receptors. d) He tends to overeat.

Consider This: Diseases and medication may also have this effect.

LO 2.3.3: Explain how taste and smell change with age ANS: c

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.3: Summarize how the senses change with age; Submodule 2.3.3: Explain how taste and smell change with age, Topic=The Changing Senses, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 24 Marilisa, a 70-year-old woman, reports a lack of sexual activity. What is the top reason for her lack of sexuality? a) Lack of a partner b) Decreased desire Consider This: Mortality also increases as we age.

LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age c) Hormonal changes Consider This: Mortality also increases as we age.

LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age d) Painful intercourse Consider This: Mortality also increases as we age.

LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.4: Describe changes and continuities in sexual activity with age, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Spector (2008) found that longer telomere length was associated with a) sedentary lifestyle.

Consider This: Shorter telomere length is predictive of premature aging.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging b) work-related exercise.

Consider This: Shorter telomere length is predictive of premature aging.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging. c) leisure-time exercise. d) antioxidants.

Consider This: Shorter telomere length is predictive of premature aging.

LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging

ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate Essay

SA Question 26 Compare and contrast the three theories of primary aging, noting each one’s advantages and limitations.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 27 Analyze how people age in terms of bones and muscles, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the brain and nervous system. How do these systems compare to those of younger adults?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body, Topic=Physical Changes During Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 28 Distinguish how younger adults and older adults differ in terms of athletic abilities, sleep, and sexual functioning.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Compare and contrast the genetics effect and lifestyle effects on individual aging processes.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging; 2.6.2: Relate lifestyle to how a person ages, Topic=Individual Differences in Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Analyze the relationship of physical changes to age. When do these physical changes become most apparent, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 31 Pick two of the three theories of primary aging and analyze its impact on Americans. How can these theories guide people’s fight against aging? Which one do you think is the most useful, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 32 Assume you have a Great Aunt Lois. Using the seven physical systems of change that older adults experience (Table 2.1), apply these to your great aunt. How has she aged, what changes has she experienced, and what can she do now, at age 85, to help decrease the physical changes of aging?

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult, Topic=Physical Changes in Outward Appearance, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 33 Evaluate the causes that create changes in physical behavior, such as athletic abilities, sleep, and sexual functioning. What causes are most influential, and what are strategies people can adopt to decrease these changes? How do you think these changes affect people’s morale, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Critique the statement that aging is genetically determined. How important are race and socioeconomic factors in influencing lifestyle and genetic factors for individual aging, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective 2.6.3: Describe racial and socioeconomic impacts on the experience of aging, Topic=Individual Differences in Primary Aging, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 35 Criticize commercials’ claims that their products can reverse the signs of aging. What does research suggest? What do you think would be the most effective ways to delay aging, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch3

Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 About what percentage of adults over the age of 85 die each year? a) 13% b) 20% Consider This: Mortality increases with age, but it is not as shocking as some may think.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data c) 47% Consider This: Mortality increases with age, but it is not as shocking as some may think.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data d) 62% Consider This: Mortality increases with age, but it is not as shocking as some may think.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.1: Distinguish between mortality and morbidity rates, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 What is the number one cause of death for emerging adults? a) Homicides Consider This: Cars are often implicated in this cause of death.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data b) Cancer Consider This: Cars are often implicated in this cause of death.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data c) Suicide Consider This: Cars are often implicated in this cause of death.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data d) Accidents ANS: d

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.1: Distinguish between mortality and morbidity rates, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 As people age, changes can occur from external factors such as infections. This phenomenon is known as ___________ aging. a) primary Consider This: This type of aging occurs after initial aging.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data b) secondary c) tertiary Consider This: This type of aging occurs after initial aging.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data d) natural Consider This: This type of aging occurs after initial aging.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.1: Distinguish between mortality and morbidity rates, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 What type of health condition increases with age? a) Acute Consider This: Longer-lasting health conditions increase with age.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data b) Chronic c) Serious Consider This: Longer-lasting health conditions increase with age.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data d) Mild

Consider This: Longer-lasting health conditions increase with age.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.1: Distinguish between mortality and morbidity rates, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 What is the key physical change that leads to cardiovascular disease? a) Tingling in the left arm Consider This: Atherosclerosis is caused by inflammation, which usually is protective.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease b) Pain on the left-hand side of the chest Consider This: Atherosclerosis is caused by inflammation, which usually is protective.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease c) Build up of plaque in the coronary arteries d) Decreased blood pressure Consider This: Atherosclerosis is caused by inflammation, which usually is protective.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease; Submodule LO 3.2.1: Differentiate the experiences of cardiovascular disease by sex, Topic=Cardiovascular Disease, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 What is the top cancer killer among adults over age 60? a)

Colon Consider This: This cancer is often linked to a lifestyle choice.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease b) Thyroid Consider This: This cancer is often linked to a lifestyle choice.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease c) Breast Consider This: This cancer is often linked to a lifestyle choice.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease d) Lung

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease; Submodule LO 3.2.2: Explain how the experience of adulthood cancer has changed over time, Topic=Cancer, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 Several sources estimate that, roughly, this much of the U.S. population has dealt with mental illness at some point? a) One-quarter Consider This: Mental illness is fairly common.

LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults b) Half c) Three-quarters Consider This: Mental illness is fairly common.

LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults d) Almost all Consider This: Mental illness is fairly common.

LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults, Topic=Psychological disorders, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 What type of mental disorder involves fear and dread when there is no threat? a) Anxiety b) Mood Consider This: Phobias fall under this category.

LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults c) Impulse Consider This: Phobias fall under this category.

LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults d) Depression Consider This: Phobias fall under this category.

LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults; Submodule LO 3.3.1: Evaluate common anxiety symptoms and treatments, Topic=Anxiety Disorders, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 Smartphone apps that send information about a patient to a doctor are types of a) assistive technology. b) caregiver responsibility.

Consider This: There are many new tools to help people remain in their homes longer.

LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders c) disorder diagnostics.

Consider This: There are many new tools to help people remain in their homes longer.

LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders d) self-ratings.

Consider This: There are many new tools to help people remain in their homes longer.

LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders

ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders; Submodule LO 3.4.1: Describe trends in assistive technology, Topic=Assistive Technology, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 What are the two biggest common risk factors for age-related disease? a)

Gender and genetics Consider This: These two factors are preventable and can be addressed at any age.

LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations

b) Obesity and tobacco use Consider This: These two factors are preventable and can be addressed at any age.

LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations c) Obesity and sedentary lifestyle d) Class and education Consider This: These two factors are preventable and can be addressed at any age.

LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations; Submodule LO 3.5.8: Determine how lifestyle choices affect health, Topic=Individual Differences in Health; Lifestyle, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 What is a key difference between the cause of death between emerging adults and middle-aged and older adults?

a)

Emerging adults are more likely to die from natural causes, while middle-aged and older adults are more likely to die from self-inflicted wounds.

Consider This: Mortality increases as we age as bodies also age.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data b) Emerging adults are more likely to die from cancer, while middle-aged and older adults are more likely to die from heart disease.

Consider This: Mortality increases as we age as bodies also age.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data c) Emerging adults are more likely to die from accidents, while middle-aged and older adults are more likely to die from cancer. d) Emerging adults are more likely to die from car accidents, while middleaged and older adults are more likely to die from falls from high places.

Consider This: Mortality increases as we age as bodies also age.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data

ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Which of the following is an example of the most common cause of death among young adults? a) Anders dies in a freeway crash. b) Aaron dies from lung cancer.

Consider This: Emerging adults and young adults are most likely to die from this cause.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data c) Lulu dies from a stroke.

Consider This: Emerging adults and young adults are most likely to die from this cause.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data d) Gina dies from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

Consider This: Emerging adults and young adults are most likely to die from this cause.

LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 What is a key difference between activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)? a) ADLs are performed by everyone, while IADLs are performed by professionals.

Consider This: These two categories are used to identify disabilities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability b) ADLs are simple tasks, while IADLs are more complex. c) ADLs are tasks completed by youth, while IADLs are completed by middle-aged and older adults.

Consider This: These two categories are used to identify disabilities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability d) ADLs are normal tasks, while IADLs are completed during special circumstances.

Consider This: These two categories are used to identify disabilities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability, Topic=Disability, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 What is an example of an ADL? a)

Making lunch Consider This: Activities of daily living encompass basic self-care activities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability

b) Cleaning the house

Consider This: Activities of daily living encompass basic self-care activities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability c) Taking the bus Consider This: Activities of daily living encompass basic self-care activities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability d) Using the bathroom

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability, Topic=Disability, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Stan worked as a college professor and recently retired. Marcus worked as a plumber and also recently retired. What is likely to be true about Stan compared to Marcus? a)

Stan will have more disabilities than Marcus because he had been more sedentary throughout his life.

Consider This: Socioeconomic status is correlated with disabilities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability

b) Stan will have fewer disabilities than Marcus because he is more educated.

Consider This: Socioeconomic status is correlated with disabilities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability c) Stan will have more disabilities than Marcus because medicine is just now diagnosing new forms of disability, including carpal tunnel.

Consider This: Socioeconomic status is correlated with disabilities.

LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability d) Stan will have fewer disabilities than Marcus because he was in a less strenuous job.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data; Submodule LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability, Topic=Disability, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 What is a key similarity between cardiovascular disease and cancer? a)

They occur independently from diet choice.

Consider This: People can make healthy choices to help avoid these diseases.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease

b) They are common among adults under age 55.

Consider This: People can make healthy choices to help avoid these diseases.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease c) They are both linked to tobacco use. d) They are both related to sunlight exposure.

Consider This: People can make healthy choices to help avoid these diseases.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease, Topic=Specific Diseases, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 William is 46, obese, has a sedentary lifestyle, and high cholesterol, but has never smoked. For which disease is he likely a candidate? a)

Cancer Consider This: The age for this disease is dropping as obesity rates are rising among the young.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease

b) Diabetes

c) Cardiovascular Consider This: The age for this disease is dropping as obesity rates are rising among the young.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease d) Alzheimer’s Consider This: The age for this disease is dropping as obesity rates are rising among the young.

LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease, Topic=Specific Diseases, Topic=Diabetes, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Using a PET scan, Dr. Edwards notices an increase of neurofibrillary tangles in one of his patients. This is an indicator for which disease? a)

Cardiovascular Consider This: This disease occurs in the brain.

LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

b) Cancer Consider This: This disease occurs in the brain.

LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease c) Diabetes Consider This: This disease occurs in the brain.

LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease d) Alzheimer’s ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease; Submodule LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease, Topic=Alzheimer’s Disease, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Studies have shown that individuals suffering __________ are two to four times more likely to develop dementia later in life, compared to those who do not have this. a) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Consider This: It often results in loss of consciousness.

LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease b) traumatic brain injury (TBI) c) chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) Consider This: It often results in loss of consciousness.

LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease d) posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) Consider This: It often results in loss of consciousness.

LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease; Submodule LO 3.2.4: Describe the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease, Topic=Alzheimer’s Disease, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Kelly has been feeling exhausted for the past few months. She has lost weight and has little interest in any activities. These symptoms are examples of which mental disorder? a) Depression b) Anxiety Consider This: These disorders are common and often occur around age 30.

LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments c) Substance Abuse Consider This: These disorders are common and often occur around age 30.

LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments d) Addiction

Consider This: These disorders are common and often occur around age 30.

LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults; Submodule LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments, Topic=Depressive Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 What percent of adults with mental health disorder seek and receive adequate treatment? a) 25% Consider This: Not everyone who seeks treatment receives care considered “adequate” by professional guidelines.

LO 3.3.4: Analyze mental health treatment options b) 33% c) 40% Consider This: Not everyone who seeks treatment receives care considered “adequate” by professional guidelines.

LO 3.3.4: Analyze mental health treatment options d) 50% Consider This: Not everyone who seeks treatment receives care considered “adequate” by professional guidelines.

LO 3.3.4: Analyze mental health treatment options ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults; Submodule LO 3.3.4: Analyze mental health treatment options, Topic=Treatment of Mental Health Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 22 Betty, who suffers from the early stages of Alzheimer’s, has alarms on her bed and doors to alert her children if she gets out of bed in the night or tries to leave her house. This assistive technology will do which of the following? a)

Assist Betty with the move to a nursing home Consider This: Assistive technology is growing as an option for people with disabilities.

LO 3.4.1: Describe trends in assistive technology b) Permit Betty to reside in her home longer c) Increase the likelihood that Betty will have additional mental disorders Consider This: Assistive technology is growing as an option for people with disabilities.

LO 3.4.1: Describe trends in assistive technology d) Decrease the likelihood of Betty developing other forms of disease Consider This: Assistive technology is growing as an option for people with disabilities.

LO 3.4.1: Describe trends in assistive technology ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders; Submodule LO 3.4.1: Describe trends in assistive technology, Topic=Assistive Technology, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 What is a key health difference between men and women? a)

Women live longer than men, but have higher levels of substance abuse.

Consider This: There are many hypotheses, but some argue that women’s biology protects them from early disease.

LO 3.5.2: Differentiate health experiences by sex and gender

b) Women live longer than men, but engage in more risky behaviors.

Consider This: There are many hypotheses, but some argue that women’s biology protects them from early disease.

LO 3.5.2: Differentiate health experiences by sex and gender c) Women live longer than men, but have more chronic diseases. d) Women live longer than men, but are more likely to commit suicide.

Consider This: There are many hypotheses, but some argue that women’s biology protects them from early disease.

LO 3.5.2: Differentiate health experiences by sex and gender ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations; Submodule LO 3.5.2: Differentiate

health experiences by sex and gender, Topic=Sex and Gender, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 Anne is a Native American woman who lives on a Navajo reservation. What is her health status likely to be? a)

Equivalent with Hispanic women Consider This: Health is linked to socioeconomic status.

LO 3.5.4: Summarize racial and ethnic differences in health

b) The best of any racial/ethnic group Consider This: Health is linked to socioeconomic status.

LO 3.5.4: Summarize racial and ethnic differences in health c) The worst of any racial/ethnic group d) Equivalent with African American women Consider This: Health is linked to socioeconomic status.

LO 3.5.4: Summarize racial and ethnic differences in health ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations; Submodule LO 3.5.4: Summarize racial and ethnic differences in health, Topic=Race and Ethnicity, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Rob is achievement-oriented and considers himself Type A. What health concern is highly associated with Type A personalities? a)

Obesity Consider This: People who are Type A often are in stressful situations.

LO 3.5.6: Explain how personality influences health

b) Impulse control Consider This: People who are Type A often are in stressful situations.

LO 3.5.6: Explain how personality influences health

c) Cancer Consider This: People who are Type A often are in stressful situations.

LO 3.5.6: Explain how personality influences health d) Coronary heart disease

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations; Submodule LO 3.5.6: Explain how personality influences health, Topic=Personality and Behavior Patterns, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 26 According to the World Health Organization, which is the leading cause of disability in the world? a)

Workplace injury Consider This: It is also the leading cause of suicide.

LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments

b) Depression c) Diabetes Consider This: It is also the leading cause of suicide.

LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments d) Substance Abuse Consider This: It is also the leading cause of suicide.

LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments

ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults; Submodule LO 3.3.2: Evaluate common depressive symptoms and treatments, Topic=Depressive Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate Essay

SA Question 27 Compare and contrast the major causes of death for emerging, young,

middle-aged, and older adults. How and why do these causes change over time?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.1: Predict adult health issues based on data, Topic=Mortality and Morbidity, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 28 Compare and contrast activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. How do caregivers use these to identify disability?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability, Topic=Disability, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Distinguish between the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Which factors are preventable, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease, Topic=Specific Diseases, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Distinguish between anxiety, depression, and substance-related/addictive disorders. What factors should caregivers look for when considering these disorders?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.3: Evaluate mental health challenges facing adults, Topic=Psychological Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 Analyze how the use of assistive technology and assistive animals can help an older person remain at home longer.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders, Topic=Assistance Solutions, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 32 Kugelmass (2016) conducted a study to examine whether a patient’s class, race, and gender influenced their access to mental healthcare. What did the results reveal about the preferences of therapists, in terms of who they made appointments with?

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders, Topic=Discrimination, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 33 Assess the ways caregivers can predict disability rates among older adults.

What factors need to be considered, what are the different ways of determining disability, and how do factors that cause death change over the life span, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 3.1.2: Describe current experiences of adulthood disability, Topic=Disability, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Predict the rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s as the Baby Boomer generation ages into older adulthood.

Using the text, support your predictions and relate them to risk factors and current research on the diseases.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease, Topic=Specific Diseases, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 35 Argue why education on mental health disorders is of upmost importance in society. Examine how people can find help for each type of mental health disorder, and why so many people do not seek the help they need.

What are the ramifications for this lack of treatment?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 3.3.4: Analyze mental health treatment options, Topic=Treatment of Mental Health Disorders, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 Assume your grandmother has diabetes and early signs of dementia.

Evaluate the roles assistive technology and assistive animals can have in her life. Which would be most effective, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 3.4: Analyze assistance options for physical and mental disorders, Topic=Assistance Solutions, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Evaluate the individual differences that can contribute to poor health.

Which ones can be prevented and how can a person actively overcome disparities in place from race, socioeconomic status, or gender? Which individual differences do you think are the most important ones for healthcare providers to address, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations, Topic=Individual Differences in Health, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 38 Assess how advancements in our understanding of genetics has expanded our knowledge regarding the causes and treatment of cancer.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 3.2: Analyze ways in which older adults experience disease, Topic=Cancer, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 39 Gluckman and Hanson (2004) described the intergenerational effects of malnutrition between grandmother’s, their daughter’s, and their granddaughter’s. Interpret these effects in terms of the developmental origins hypothesis of adult health.

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 3.5: Compare the physical health issues facing adults from different populations, Submodule LO 3.5.7: Analyze how prenatal and childhood experiences affect adult health, Topic=Developmental Origins, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch4 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 What did the Seattle Longitudinal Study discover regarding people’s intelligence as they age? a)

It decreases after age 32, but then stabilizes after 39.

Consider This: People learn strategies to maintain cognitive functioning.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time b) It remains the same throughout people’s lives.

Consider This: People learn strategies to maintain cognitive functioning.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time c) It remains the same until around 67, when there is a slight drop, and then a deeper drop after 80. d) It has a slight, but steady, decrease after age 39.

Consider This: People learn strategies to maintain cognitive functioning.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of agerelated changes to intellectual ability; Submodule LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 What is the Flynn effect? a) Men and women have different IQs due to gender role expectations.

Consider This: Technology requires intelligence to operate.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time b) Major social events have led to IQ changes by cohort.

Consider This: Technology requires intelligence to operate.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time c) Societal advances have led to higher IQs. d) Exercise is directly linked with higher IQ. Consider This: Technology requires intelligence to operate.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of agerelated changes to intellectual ability; Submodule LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 What did researchers find, regarding divided attention, when they simulated the conditions of a cocktail party that required younger and older participants to attend to stimuli from various sources? a) Both age groups performed well when information was given by multiple speakers at once.

Consider This: Older adults find dividing attention to be difficult.

LO 4.1.1: Describe how the ability to maintain divided attention changes with age b) Older participants attended better than younger when information was from a single source.

Consider This: Older adults find dividing attention to be difficult.

LO 4.1.1: Describe how the ability to maintain divided attention changes with age c) Both age groups performed equally when instructions were given to divide attention.

Consider This: Older adults find dividing attention to be difficult.

LO 4.1.1: Describe how the ability to maintain divided attention changes with age d) Younger participants performed better than older when cues came from multiple speakers at once.

ANS: d

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.1: Explain how attention changes with age; Submodule LO 4.1.1: Describe how the ability to maintain divided attention changes with age, Topic=Attention, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 The __________ memory involves the passive maintenance in the short-term store. a) primary b) working Consider This: This memory is often tested with the digit-span test.

LO 4.2.1: Differentiate short-term and working memory c) declarative Consider This: This memory is often tested with the digit-span test.

LO 4.2.1: Differentiate short-term and working memory d) nondeclarative Consider This: This memory is often tested with the digit-span test.

LO 4.2.1: Differentiate short-term and working memory ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.2: Compare how different forms of memory change over time; Submodule LO 4.2.1: Differentiate short-term and working memory, Topic=Memory, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 What is a choice board designed to measure? a)

Prospective memory Consider This: This tool sets out the different choices, such as buying a car.

LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age

b) Problem solving Consider This: This tool sets out the different choices, such as buying a car.

LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age c) Working memory

Consider This: This tool sets out the different choices, such as buying a car.

LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age d) Decision making ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age; Submodule LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 Studies show that older adults are more likely to avoid negative stimuli, which is known as a) avoidant-denial strategy.

Consider This: Older adults seem to prefer happier memories.

LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults b) problem solving.

Consider This: Older adults seem to prefer happier memories.

LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults c) decision making.

Consider This: Older adults seem to prefer happier memories.

LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults d) positivity bias.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age; Submodule LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 What are the first markers for cognitive change? a) Hearing and taste loss Consider This: These two senses are the most noticeable when there is a loss.

LO 4.5.1: Evaluate the influence of health on cognition b) Taste and smell loss

Consider This: These two senses are the most noticeable when there is a loss.

LO 4.5.1: Evaluate the influence of health on cognition c) Touch and vision loss Consider This: These two senses are the most noticeable when there is a loss.

LO 4.5.1: Evaluate the influence of health on cognition d) Vision and hearing loss ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.5: Analyze factors that influence individual cognitive change; Submodule LO 4.5.1: Evaluate the influence of health on cognition, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 About how much of IQ variance between individuals can be explained by genetics? a)

25% Consider This: Twin studies reveal this percentage that suggest genetics and environment both play an important role in IQ. LO 4.5.2: Relate genetics to cognitive change

b) 50% c) 75% Consider This: Twin studies reveal this percentage that suggest genetics and environment both play an important role in IQ. LO 4.5.2: Relate genetics to cognitive change d) 100% Consider This: Twin studies reveal this percentage that suggest genetics and environment both play an important role in IQ. LO 4.5.2: Relate genetics to cognitive change ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.5: Analyze factors that influence individual cognitive change; Submodule LO 4.5.2: Relate genetics to cognitive change, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 Prospective memory is an important focus for researchers who want to ensure older adults are adhering to a) medication use. b) social networking.

Consider This: People with chronic diseases often have trouble with this aspect of life.

LO 4.6.1: Describe strategies for dealing with cognitive challenges in medication adherence c) safe driving.

Consider This: People with chronic diseases often have trouble with this aspect of life.

LO 4.6.1: Describe strategies for dealing with cognitive challenges in medication adherence d) physical exercise.

Consider This: People with chronic diseases often have trouble with this aspect of life.

LO 4.6.1: Describe strategies for dealing with cognitive challenges in medication adherence ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.6: Evaluate forms of cognitive assistance; Submodule LO 4.6.1: Describe strategies for dealing with cognitive challenges in medication adherence, Topic=Cognitive Assistance, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 Psychologist Roger Dixon suggests we should look at cognitive changes as a) both losses and gains. b) always loss.

Consider This: Change is not always bad.

LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability c) always gain.

Consider This: Change is not always bad.

LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability d) simply transitions.

Consider This: Change is not always bad.

LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of agerelated changes to intellectual ability, Topic=Summary: Cognitive Abilities, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Marc, an 11-year-old boy, is adept with his iPad and already knows how to program games in three different computer languages. Marc’s mother, Peggy, is 41 and grew up with less technology but spent more time outside playing. How are Marc’s and Peggy’s IQs likely to compare, considering the Flynn effect? a) Marc and Peggy are likely to have the same IQ because they partially share genetics.

Consider This: The Flynn effect looks at societal advances in relation to IQ. LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time b) Peggy is likely to have a higher IQ than Marc because she had more physical exercise.

Consider This: The Flynn effect looks at societal advances in relation to IQ. LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time c) Marc is likely to have a higher IQ than Peggy because he can think abstractly. d) Marc is likely to experience steeper IQ loss than Peggy because he is more dependent on technology.

Consider This: The Flynn effect looks at societal advances in relation to IQ. LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability; Submodule LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Which of the following exemplifies the typical IQ changes over a person’s life according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study? a)

Violet had a stable IQ until she reached 40, when it began to decline.

Consider This: People develop ways to maintain their cognitive abilities.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time

b) Molly had a stable IQ until she reached 68, when it began to decline. c) Hassim had a stable IQ throughout his life.

Consider This: People develop ways to maintain their cognitive abilities.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time d) Juan had a slight rise in IQ over his lifetime.

Consider This: People develop ways to maintain their cognitive abilities.

LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of agerelated changes to intellectual ability; Submodule LO 4.3.1: Outline changes to intelligence over time, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 What is a key distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence? a)

Verbal, fluid intelligence declines earlier than nonverbal, crystallized intelligence.

Consider This: Speed and processing tend to decline earlier than our world knowledge.

LO 4.3.2: Analyze how the components of intelligence function with age

b) Nonverbal, fluid intelligence declines earlier than verbal, crystallized intelligence. c) Nonverbal, crystallized intelligence declines earlier than verbal, fluid intelligence.

Consider This: Speed and processing tend to decline earlier than our world knowledge.

LO 4.3.2: Analyze how the components of intelligence function with age

d) Verbal, crystallized intelligence declines earlier than nonverbal, fluid intelligence.

Consider This: Speed and processing tend to decline earlier than our world knowledge.

LO 4.3.2: Analyze how the components of intelligence function with age ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability; Submodule LO 4.3.2: Analyze how the components of intelligence function with age, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 John is an older adult with a history of falling. What is most likely to be true of John? a) He will perform more poorly than younger and other older adults on visual search tasks. b) He will perform more poorly than younger and other older adults on tasks relying on fluid intelligence.

Consider This: Older adults who fall have more difficulty locating objects in their environment.

LO 4.2.1: Relate visual search ability to age c) He will perform more poorly than younger and other older adults on prospective memory tasks.

Consider This: Older adults who fall have more difficulty locating objects in their environment.

LO 4.2.1: Relate visual search ability to age d) He will perform more poorly than younger and other older adults on choice board tasks.

Consider This: Older adults who fall have more difficulty locating objects in their environment.

LO 4.2.1: Relate visual search ability to age ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.1: Explain how attention changes with age; Submodule LO 4.1.2: Relate visual search ability to age, Topic=Attention, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Lucille’s granddaughter is planning her wedding and asks her grandmother to share stories about her own wedding. Lucille discovers she cannot recall many of the details. This situation reflects a loss of what type of memory? a) Episodic b) Semantic Consider This: Studies show this type of memory decreases more quickly.

LO 4.2.2: Summarize how declarative and nondeclarative memory change with age c) Working Consider This: Studies show this type of memory decreases more quickly.

LO 4.2.2: Summarize how declarative and nondeclarative memory change with age d) Procedural Consider This: Studies show this type of memory decreases more quickly.

LO 4.2.2: Summarize how declarative and nondeclarative memory change with age ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.2: Compare how different forms of memory change over time; Submodule LO 4.2.2: Summarize how declarative and nondeclarative memory change with age, Topic=Memory, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Maria is looking at her calendar, stumped. She knows she has an appointment tomorrow, but cannot remember what it is. This situation is an example of a loss of which type of memory? a) Prospective b) Declarative Consider This: This type of memory requires remembering to do something in the future.

LO 4.2.3: Characterize prospective memory c) Nondeclarative

Consider This: This type of memory requires remembering to do something in the future.

LO 4.2.3: Characterize prospective memory d) Working Consider This: This type of memory requires remembering to do something in the future.

LO 4.2.3: Characterize prospective memory ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.2: Compare how different forms of memory change over time; Submodule LO 4.2.3: Characterize prospective memory, Topic=Memory, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 How do older adults compare to younger adults in terms of decision making? a)

Older adults use more information to make decisions than younger adults.

Consider This: Life experience seems to affect decision making.

LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age

b) Older adults make decisions more objectively than younger adults.

Consider This: Life experience seems to affect decision making.

LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age c) Older adults make decisions more quickly than younger adults. d) Older adults and younger adults make decisions in the same way.

Consider This: Life experience seems to affect decision making.

LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age; Submodule LO 4.4.1: Explain how the process of choosing changes with age, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Martha, a 63-year-old woman, receives criticism on her annual review, suggesting that she lacks customer service skills. As an older adult, how is she most likely to respond? a) She will think about how to improve her customer service skills.

Consider This: Older adults are more likely to use avoidant-denial strategies for interpersonal problems than younger adults.

LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information b) She will react emotionally with hurt feelings.

Consider This: Older adults are more likely to use avoidant-denial strategies for interpersonal problems than younger adults.

LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information c) She will think about whether or not the criticism is valid. d) She will enroll in a class to develop her customer service skills.

Consider This: Older adults are more likely to use avoidant-denial strategies for interpersonal problems than younger adults.

LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age; Submodule LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 After breaking up her twin sons’ fight, Mary asks her mother, Georgia, what she did when Mary and her sister argued. Georgia answers that Mary and her brother never fought and that she only remembers the children playing well. This situation is an example of a)

avoidance-denial strategy.

Consider This: Socioemotional selectivity theory helps explain this phenomenon.

LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults

b) working memory.

Consider This: Socioemotional selectivity theory helps explain this phenomenon.

LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults c) prospective memory.

Consider This: Socioemotional selectivity theory helps explain this phenomenon.

LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults

d) positivity bias.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age; Submodule LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Studies show that when older adults are reminded of stereotypes related to forgetfulness and age, they perform worse on memory tasks. Researchers hypothesize this is due to a) the fact that this stereotype is often accurate.

Consider This: Older adults’ cognitive abilities can be compromised just by the knowledge that they are participating in a memory study.

LO 4.2.5: Describe potential issues with age-related memory studies b) older adults experience greater anxiety about their performance.

Consider This: Older adults’ cognitive abilities can be compromised just by the knowledge that they are participating in a memory study.

LO 4.2.5: Describe potential issues with age-related memory studies c) awareness of stereotypes consumes working-memory capacity. d) an over-reliance on semantic memory.

Consider This: Older adults’ cognitive abilities can be compromised just by the knowledge that they are participating in a memory study.

LO 4.2.5: Describe potential issues with age-related memory studies ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.2: Compare how different forms of memory change over time; Submodule LO 4.2.5: Describe potential issues with age-related memory studies, Topic=Stereotype threat, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 Which of the following are activities that would best delay cognitive decline? a) Crossword puzzles and chess Consider This: Cognitive abilities are linked to blood flow to the brain.

LO 4.3.3: Determine the effectiveness of intellectual retention exercises b) Taking classes and traveling

Consider This: Cognitive abilities are linked to blood flow to the brain.

LO 4.3.3: Determine the effectiveness of intellectual retention exercises c) Specific training and running d) Playing Go and Sudoku Consider This: Cognitive abilities are linked to blood flow to the brain.

LO 4.3.3: Determine the effectiveness of intellectual retention exercises ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of agerelated changes to intellectual ability; Submodule LO 4.3.3: Determine the effectiveness of intellectual retention exercises, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Based on the Netherlands study (Ponds et al., 2000), which is most likely to be true of an adult, over the age of 50, who reports significant cognitive decline: a) He/she will show a similar decline on objective tests of intellectual functioning.

Consider This: We are often our own worst critic.

LO 4.5.6: Explain the role of self-doubt in the perception of cognitive decline b) He/she will show no relationship between actual abilities and subjective assessments. c) He/she will show no change in perceptions of cognitive ability after age 50.

Consider This: We are often our own worst critic.

LO 4.5.6: Explain the role of self-doubt in the perception of cognitive decline d) He/she will attribute intellectual declines to causes other than aging.

Consider This: We are often our own worst critic.

LO 4.5.6: Explain the role of self-doubt in the perception of cognitive decline

ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 4.5: Analyze factors that influence individual cognitive change; Submodule LO 4.5.6: Explain the role of self-doubt in the perception of cognitive decline, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 Jack, a 72-year-old man, takes a speed-of-processing training. As a result, he is likely to show an improved a) cognitive reading ability.

Consider This: Certain trainings have been shown to help older adults perform better behind the wheel.

LO 4.6.4: Analyze the issues involved in driving by older adults b) useful field of view. c) physical stamina.

Consider This: Certain trainings have been shown to help older adults perform better behind the wheel.

LO 4.6.4: Analyze the issues involved in driving by older adults d) working memory.

Consider This: Certain trainings have been shown to help older adults perform better behind the wheel.

LO 4.6.4: Analyze the issues involved in driving by older adults ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.6: Evaluate forms of cognitive assistance; Submodule LO 4.6.4: Analyze the issues involved in driving by older adults, Topic=Cognitive Assistance, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 How do young adults compare to middle-aged adults in terms of decision making? a)

Younger adults and middle-aged adults both consider all of the information at hand before making a decision.

Consider This: As we age, the way we make decisions changes, likely due to life experience.

LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information

b) Younger adults are prone to snap decisions, while middle-aged adults take their time.

Consider This: As we age, the way we make decisions changes, likely due to life experience.

LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information c) Younger adults make decisions that make them feel good, while middleaged adults consider others’ feelings.

Consider This: As we age, the way we make decisions changes, likely due to life experience.

LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information d) Younger adults examine all of the facts, while middle-aged adults start to consider the emotions involved.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age; Submodule LO 4.4.2: Compare how older and younger adults deal with problem solving and emotional information, Topic=Problem Solving and Emotional Information, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 How is sociobiographical history related to cognitive declines with age? a) Privileged people are less likely to decline in cognitive abilities as they age.

Consider This: Privileged individuals usually attain higher levels of cognitive ability.

LO 4.5.3: Determine the role that demographics and sociobiography have on cognition b) Those with higher income access more resources to slow the decline of intellectual capacity.

Consider This: Privileged individuals usually attain higher levels of cognitive ability.

LO 4.5.3: Determine the role that demographics and sociobiography have on cognition c) The rate of decline is the same, regardless of education and social status. d) Cognition declines more rapidly for people who held less prestigious positions.

Consider This: Privileged individuals usually attain higher levels of cognitive ability.

LO 4.5.3: Determine the role that demographics and sociobiography have on cognition

ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 4.5: Analyze factors that influence individual cognitive change; Submodule LO 4.5.3: Determine the role that demographics and sociobiography have on cognition, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Easy

Essay

SA Question 26 Compare and contrast cohort studies of intelligence versus longitudinal studies.

Why do these two study types reveal different patterns in intelligence?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 27 Distinguish between the different types of memory. How does each decline differently as we age?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.2: Compare how different forms of memory change over time, Topic=Memory, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 28 How do older adults compare to younger adults in terms of decision making and problem solving? Why do we see these cognitive differences?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.4: Relate decision making and problem solving to age, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Analyze the key factors that affect age-related differences in cognitive change.

How do these work, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.5: Analyze factors that influence individual cognitive change, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Analyze the cognitive losses and gains people encounter as they age.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability, Topic=Summary: Cognitive Abilities, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 How are older adults engaging in social networking? How does this compare to other age groups? What impacts does this have on cognitive retention as adults age?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.6.2: Relate social networking to cognitive retention, Topic=Cognitive Assistance, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 32 Critique the claim that people lose their intelligence once they pass middle age.

What do studies reveal, why, and how does crystallized intelligence compare to fluid intelligence? What strategies can people employ to retain their intelligence, and how do they work?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 4.3: Evaluate the concept of age-related changes to intellectual ability, Topic=Intelligence, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 33 Evaluate the contextual perspective and its approach to memory. How does it change our understanding of memory loss? What strategies can people adopt to resist memory loss, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 4.2.5: Describe potential issues with age-related memory studies, Topic=Memory, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Analyze why older adults are more likely to remember positive memories. How does positivity bias affect both decision making and problem solving?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 4.4.3: Characterize positivity bias in older adults, Topic=Decision Making and Problem Solving, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 35 Evaluate how cognitive change does not occur equally for everyone. What factors most delay cognitive change, and why? What are the most effective strategies people can employ to delay cognitive changes, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 4.2.4: Explain how memory training works; 4.3.3: Determine the effectiveness of intellectual retention exercises; 4.5.6: Explain the role of self-doubt in the perception of cognitive decline, Topic=Individual Differences in Cognitive Change, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 Evaluate the different forms of cognitive assistance. Which ones are the most effective for older adults, and why? What would you recommend first for an elderly parent, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 4.6: Evaluate forms of cognitive assistance, Topic=Cognitive Assistance, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Evaluate the theories for declines in working memory. How would you design an experiment to test one of these theories?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 4.2: Compare how different forms of memory change over time, Topic=Short-Term and Working Memory, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch5 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 The expected behaviors that come with our position in society are known as a)

conformity.

Consider This: These vary depending on where in society we live.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time

b) gender roles.

Consider This: These vary depending on where in society we live.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time c) social roles. d) role transitions.

Consider This: These vary depending on where in society we live.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 The movement of being a high school student to a college student is an example of a a)

biological clock.

Consider This: Aging looks at changes in life.

LO 5.1: 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time

b) role transition. c) social clock.

Consider This: Aging looks at changes in life.

LO 5.1: 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time

d) social role.

Consider This: Aging looks at changes in life.

LO 5.1: 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 The idea that women should be nurturing is an example of a gender a)

expectation.

Consider This: These involve what society says about how men and women ought to behave.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles

b) role.

Consider This: These involve what society says about how men and women ought to behave.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles c) stereotype. d) reality.

Consider This: These involve what society says about how men and women ought to behave.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time; Submodule LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles, Topic=Gender Stereotypes, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 What is true about gender stereotypes when examined globally? a) They are surprisingly consistent. b) Western countries are more egalitarian than Eastern nations.

Consider This: Men tend to be seen as competitive, while women are seen as nurturers.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles

c) Western countries see men with instrumental qualities, while Eastern countries see women with those qualities.

Consider This: Men tend to be seen as competitive, while women are seen as nurturers.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles d) Western countries see men with communal qualities, while Eastern countries see women with those qualities.

Consider This: Men tend to be seen as competitive, while women are seen as nurturers.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time; Submodule LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles, Topic=Gender Stereotypes, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 In what stage of life are there more social role changes than any other stage? a) Childhood Consider This: This period of life is when people leave home and establish their own lives.

LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood b) Young adulthood c) Middle adulthood Consider This: This period of life is when people leave home and establish their own lives.

LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood d) Late adulthood Consider This: This period of life is when people leave home and establish their own lives.

LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood

ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood, Topic=Social Roles in Young Adulthood, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 Who are boomerang kids? a) Kids who become teen parents Consider This: Heavily influenced by the economy, this is a growing phenomenon.

5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence b) Kids who divorce and then remarry Consider This: Heavily influenced by the economy, this is a growing phenomenon.

LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence c) Kids who leave school and then return Consider This: Heavily influenced by the economy, this is a growing phenomenon.

LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence d) Kids who leave home and then return ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood; Submodule LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence, Topic=Social Roles in Young Adulthood, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 How does parenting change during middle adulthood? a)

It happens for the first time.

Consider This: Children become more self-sufficient during this time.

LO 5.3.1: Describe changes in how parents have adjusted to children leaving the home

b) It becomes more stressful.

Consider This: Children become more self-sufficient during this time.

LO 5.3.1: Describe changes in how parents have adjusted to children leaving the home c) It becomes nonexistent.

Consider This: Children become more self-sufficient during this time.

LO 5.3.1: Describe changes in how parents have adjusted to children leaving the home d) It becomes less demanding.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.3: Determine how social roles impact middle adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 5.3.1: Describe changes in how parents have adjusted to children leaving the home, Topic=Social Roles in Middle Adulthood, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 In general, how do roles change as people transition into late adulthood? a) They simplify. b) They become more complex.

Consider This: While roles remain, they become easier in some ways.

LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood c) They become more diverse.

Consider This: While roles remain, they become easier in some ways.

LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood d) They dissolve.

Consider This: While roles remain, they become easier in some ways.

LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood, Topic=Social Roles in Late Adulthood, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 What has happened to households for the first time since data collection began in the 1940s? a) The majority of households do not contain a married couple.

Consider This: Households continue to diversify.

LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence b) The majority of households report having experienced a divorce.

Consider This: Households continue to diversify.

LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence

c) The majority of young adults are living with their parents. d) The majority of households are single people living alone.

Consider This: Households continue to diversify.

LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood; Submodule LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence, Topic=Leaving and Returning Home, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 A 12 year old who enters college may be very intelligent, but is also off with a) gender stereotypes.

Consider This: People are expected to fill social roles at certain periods.

LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing b) gender roles.

Consider This: People are expected to fill social roles at certain periods.

LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing c) social timing. d) development.

Consider This: People are expected to fill social roles at certain periods.

LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time; Submodule LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing, Topic=The Effect of Variations in Timing, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Dr. Fayed is examining how some people’s friendships deepen as they age and their peer groups pass away. Dr. Fayed is studying a) biological clocks.

Consider This: Our expected behaviors change as we age.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time

b) role transitions. c) social clocks.

Consider This: Our expected behaviors change as we age.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time d) social roles.

Consider This: Our expected behaviors change as we age.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 When Juanita reaches 35, her parents and friends pressure her to have a baby, saying it is time for her to become a mother. This situation is an example of a)

biological clock.

Consider This: We are influenced by a multitude of factors.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time

b)

role transitions.

Consider This: We are influenced by a multitude of factors.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time

c) social clock. d) aging transitions.

Consider This: We are influenced by a multitude of factors.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 How has our understanding of aging and social roles changed over time? a) We used to view aging as losing roles, but now we see them as changing roles. b) We used to view aging as developing new roles, but now we see them as sustaining roles.

Consider This: Social clocks affect our roles as we age.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time c) We used to view aging as sustaining roles, but now we see them as evolving roles.

Consider This: Social clocks affect our roles as we age.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time d) We used to view aging as losing roles, but now we view them as successfully shedding roles.

Consider This: Social clocks affect our roles as we age.

LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 What is a key similarity between learning-schema theory and social role theory when thinking about gender roles? a)

Both emphasize the importance of a social clock.

Consider This: Both of these theories see how children are affected by elements close to them.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles

b) Both emphasize the importance of distal causes.

Consider This: Both of these theories see how children are affected by elements close to them.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles c) Both emphasize the importance of biological factors.

Consider This: Both of these theories see how children are affected by elements close to them.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles d) Both emphasize the importance of proximal causes.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time; Submodule LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles, Topic=Gender Roles, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Dr. Martinez proposes that men and women act differently because during prehistoric times, men hunted and women gathered. He argues that these traits have been passed on through the generations. Dr. Martinez is supporting ___________ theory. a)

interactionist Consider This: The theory examines distal factors that contribute to gender role differences.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles

b) social role Consider This: The theory examines distal factors that contribute to gender role differences.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles c) learning-schema Consider This: The theory examines distal factors that contribute to gender role differences.

LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles d) evolutionary ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time; Submodule LO 5.1.2: Explain the existence and impact of gender roles, Topic=Gender Roles, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Which of the following is true about adults’ age at marriage over the past three decades? a) Women are marrying at a later age, but not men.

Consider This: Couples may want to enjoy a higher standard of living than couples in the past.

LO 5.2.2: Describe partnership for young adults b) Both men and women are marrying later. c) It has not changed for either gender.

Consider This: Couples may want to enjoy a higher standard of living than couples in the past.

LO 5.2.2: Describe partnership for young adults d) Men are marrying later, but not women.

Consider This: Couples may want to enjoy a higher standard of living than couples in the past.

LO 5.2.2: Describe partnership for young adults ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood; Submodule LO 5.2.2: Describe partnership for young adults, Topic=Becoming a Spouse or Partner, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 17 Gina and Paul have been married for eight years, both work full-time, and have two children under the age of 18. What is most likely to be true of Gina and Paul? a) Gina spends more time per day on activities that contribute to the family than Paul. b) Gina and Paul spend the same time on their jobs.

Consider This: Divorce or widowhood is a stressful event.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent c) Their division of labor has likely remained the same throughout their marriage.

Consider This: Divorce or widowhood is a stressful event.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent d) Gina spends more time on personal care, leisure and sports, or socializing with friends than Paul.

Consider This: Divorce or widowhood is a stressful event.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood; Submodule LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent, Topic=Social Roles in Young Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 According to the National Alliance of Caregiving, who is most likely to be an unpaid caregiver to their aging parent? a) Vivian, who is 54 years old, the oldest daughter of a mother who is 81 and has been able to make changes to her hours at her full-time job.

b) Carlo, who is 48 years old, has a 16-year-old son at home and an aging mother-in-law.

Consider This: The majority of caregivers report it was a positive experience.

LO 5.3.4: Explain the impacts of caregiving on caregivers c) Christine, who is 36 years old, a mother of two and does not work fulltime and has a grandmother who is 88.

Consider This: The majority of caregivers report it was a positive experience.

LO 5.3.4: Explain the impacts of caregiving on caregivers d) Rachel, who is 58 years old, recently retired and has an aging mother-inlaw.

Consider This: The majority of caregivers report it was a positive experience.

LO 5.3.4: Explain the impacts of caregiving on caregivers ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.3: Determine how social roles impact middle adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 5.3.4: Explain the impacts of caregiving on caregivers, Topic=Social Roles in Middle Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Which of the following exemplifies marital happiness and parenthood? a) Usha and Abu are both unhappy until they have children, then become happy while their children are home, and then report higher levels of unhappiness again once their children leave home.

Consider This: Marital happiness and parenthood tend to experience a curvilinear line.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent b) Karen and Joaquin are moderately happy before they have children, but then they become very happy and remain so throughout their lives.

Consider This: Marital happiness and parenthood tend to experience a curvilinear line.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent c) Sandra and Jill are both fairly happy before they have children, but then report more stress and remain unhappy until they finally divorce after their children leave home.

Consider This: Marital happiness and parenthood tend to experience a curvilinear line.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent d) Lucy and Bob are both very happy before they have children, but then report more stress until their children leave home, when they report being happy again.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood; Submodule LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent, Topic=Parenthood and Marital Happiness, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Researchers investigating loneliness among people of different ages found that young adults and older adults were less lonely when they a) have good health.

Consider This: Loneliness is the perception of social isolation.

LO 5.4.1: Identify factors that lead to many older adults living alone b) live alone versus with others. c) live with others versus alone.

Consider This: Loneliness is the perception of social isolation.

LO 5.4.1: Identify factors that lead to many older adults living alone d) work at least part-time.

Consider This: Loneliness is the perception of social isolation.

LO 5.4.1: Identify factors that lead to many older adults living alone ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood; Submodule LO 5.4.1: Identify factors that lead to many older adults living alone, Topic=Living Alone, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 What is a key difference between grandparents 30 years ago and modern grandparents? a) Today’s grandparents are healthier and wealthier than earlier grandparents.

b) Today’s grandparents are less involved with their grandchildren than earlier grandparents.

Consider This: Today’s grandparents are better prepared for middle and older adulthood than earlier grandparents.

LO 5.3.3: Compare grandparenting today to grandparenting in the past c) Today’s grandparents will have shorter lives than earlier grandparents.

Consider This: Today’s grandparents are better prepared for middle and older adulthood than earlier grandparents.

LO 5.3.3: Compare grandparenting today to grandparenting in the past d) Today’s grandparents are less likely to raise grandchildren than earlier grandparents.

Consider This: Today’s grandparents are better prepared for middle and older adulthood than earlier grandparents.

LO 5.3.3: Compare grandparenting today to grandparenting in the past ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.3: Determine how social roles impact middle adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 5.3.3: Compare grandparenting today to grandparenting in the past, Topic=Becoming a Grandparent, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Which of the following statistics has not increased since the 1960s? a) The number of men in the workforce Consider This: There are many reasons a household may consist of just one person.

LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles b) The rate of cohabitation Consider This: There are many reasons a household may consist of just one person.

LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles c) The percent of births to unwed parents Consider This: There are many reasons a household may consist of just one person.

LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles d) The percent of the U.S. population over age 65 that has never married ANS: d

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.5: Analyze the interactions between atypical families and their cultures; Submodule LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles, Topic=Social Roles in Atypical Families, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 With regard to gender role shifts, ________ seems to affect household chores, whereas _________ seems to affect childcare/breadwinner aspects. a) gender ideology; biological parenthood Consider This: In lesbian couples, biological mothers did more primary child care and decreased their paid workloads.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent b) biological parenthood; parental investment Consider This: In lesbian couples, biological mothers did more primary child care and decreased their paid workloads.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent c) economic exchange; gender stereotypes Consider This: In lesbian couples, biological mothers did more primary child care and decreased their paid workloads.

LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent d) biological parenthood; gender ideology

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood; Submodule LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent, Topic=Examining the Gender Role Shift, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 Who is most likely to report being single and never married? a) Dennis, an African American man b) Ruth, a Caucasian woman Consider This: Cultural differences appear when considering who is likely to remain single.

LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles c) Tamin, an Asian man

Consider This: Cultural differences appear when considering who is likely to remain single.

LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles d) Carmen, a Hispanic woman Consider This: Cultural differences appear when considering who is likely to remain single.

LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 5.5: Analyze the interactions between atypical families and their cultures; Submodule LO 5.5.1: Describe experiences of lifelong singles, Topic=Lifelong Singles, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Eleanor, a 72-year-old woman, suddenly finds herself raising her two grandchildren after their parents are incarcerated. What is likely to occur with Eleanor’s life satisfaction, and why? a)

She will be more satisfied because she will feel younger.

Consider This: Social timing is important with life satisfaction.

LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing

b) She will be less satisfied because she will find the work too hard.

Consider This: Social timing is important with life satisfaction.

LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing c) She will be less satisfied because her social clock is not running on time. d) She will be more satisfied because she will have a chance to try parenting again.

Consider This: Social timing is important with life satisfaction.

LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing ANS: a Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time; Submodule LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing, Topic=The Effect of Variations in Timing, Difficulty=Difficult Essay

SA Question 26 Distinguish between a biological clock and a social clock and their influence on aging.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 27 Compare and contrast learning-schema theory, social role theory, and evolutionary theory in terms of gender stereotypes and roles. How can these be best reconciled?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Gender Stereotypes, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 28 Examine how individuals change as they progress into adulthood. How do roles change, and what should people expect as they move into this stage of life?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood, Topic=Social Roles in Young Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Analyze the transition to late adulthood and how social roles change.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood, Topic=Social Roles in Late Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Examine the concept of social timing with the transitions of social roles throughout adulthood.

Skill=Apply What You Know, Submodule LO 5.1.1: Relate life satisfaction to social timing, Topic=The Effect of Variations in Timing, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 31 Describe the gender differences in leaving home. What are some of the reasons for these differences?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=Submodule LO 5.2.1: Identify influences on young adult independence, Topic=Gender Differences in Leaving Home, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 32 Evaluate how our understanding of successful aging and social roles has changed over time. What factors do you think contributed to this changing viewpoint, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 5.1: Analyze how social roles change over time, Topic=Social Roles and Transitions, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 33 Evaluate the transition to adulthood. What role transitions do people experience, and how have these roles changed over time? What factors most affect role transition, and why? How do you predict the transition to adulthood will change over the next ten years, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 5.2: Characterize social roles in young adulthood, Topic=Social Roles in Young Adulthood, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Compare how women and men experience the transition to adulthood differently.

Is this stage of life fair for women, and why or why not? How do you predict this will change in the future?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=Submodule LO 5.2.3: Summarize life changes associated with the role of parent; 5.3.2: Relate midlife to gender roles,

Topic=Social Roles in Young Adulthood; Social Roles in Middle Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 35 Evaluate the transition to late adulthood for men compared to women. How should people prepare for this stage of life, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 5.4: Evaluate ways of handling transitions in late adulthood, Topic=Social Roles in Late Adulthood, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 Examine the diversity of modern families. How do social roles for atypical families differ from traditional ones? Why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 5.5: Analyze the interactions between atypical families and their cultures, Topic=Social Roles in Atypical Families, Difficulty=Moderate

Bjorklund_TB_Ch6 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 How do we infer there is an attachment bond? a)

Through research Consider This: Bonds are expressed through this avenue.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory

b) Through theory Consider This: Bonds are expressed through this avenue.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory c) Through behaviors d) Through visible bonds Consider This: Bonds are expressed through this avenue.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory, Topic=Attachment Theory, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 What are the three types of support all people need? a) Proximal, safe haven, secure base b) Distal, financial, emotional Consider This: People of all ages need these in times of need.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory c) Protection, love, defense Consider This: People of all ages need these in times of need.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory d) Opportunity, closure, affection Consider This: People of all ages need these in times of need.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory, Topic=Attachment Theory, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 The ___________ explores the ever-changing network of relationships people make throughout their lives. a)

attachment behaviors

Consider This: This approach examines how our relationships change how we view the world.

LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships b) socioemotional selectivity theory Consider This: This approach examines how our relationships change how we view the world.

LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships c) attachment theory Consider This: This approach examines how our relationships change how we view the world.

LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships d) convoy model ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships, Topic=Convoy Model, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 About how many people worldwide will, at some point in their lives, marry? a) 90% b) 25% Consider This: The majority of people will marry.

LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners c) 50% Consider This: The majority of people will marry.

LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners d) 70% Consider This: The majority of people will marry.

LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners, Topic=Establishing an Intimate Partnership, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 Which concept is the cornerstone of Freud’s classic psychoanalytic theory?

a) Attraction Consider This: Freud was interested in the libido.

LO 6.2.1: Characterize lust b) Lust c) Attachment Consider This: Freud was interested in the libido.

LO 6.2.1: Characterize lust d) Logic Consider This: Freud was interested in the libido.

LO 6.2.1: Characterize lust ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners; Submodule LO 6.2.1: Characterize lust, Topic=Intimate Partnerships, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 In Clements, Stanley, and Markman’s (2004) longitudinal study of couples, what constituted erosion? a)

Extensive therapy Consider This: Evidence existed prior to marriage that the relationship would not last.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage

b) Negative jibes c) Long dating Consider This: Evidence existed prior to marriage that the relationship would not last.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage d) Postponed engagement Consider This: Evidence existed prior to marriage that the relationship would not last.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.3: Evaluate the impact of intimate partnership on adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.3.1: Identify

elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage, Topic=Happy Marriages, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 How have families overcome possible isolation from extended family due to mobility? a) Caregiving Consider This: Cell phones and Skype have enabled sustained relationships.

LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity b) Reunions Consider This: Cell phones and Skype have enabled sustained relationships.

LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity c) Technology d) Postal service Consider This: Cell phones and Skype have enabled sustained relationships.

LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity, Topic=Relationships with Other Family Members, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 How does attachment to parents change during adolescence? a)

It turns from intimacy to physical proximity.

Consider This: It is important to be aware of what teens are doing.

LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children

b) It turns from communication to distance.

Consider This: It is important to be aware of what teens are doing.

LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children c) It turns from distance to intimacy.

Consider This: It is important to be aware of what teens are doing.

LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children d) It turns from physical proximity to communication.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children, Topic=Relationships with Other Family Members, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 Which of the following represents a key change in online dating sites from 20132015? a) They are increasingly run by for-profit organizations Consider This: Social stigma can impact people’s choices.

LO 6.2.2. Analyze the elements of attraction b) Use of mobile apps nearly doubled Consider This: Social stigma can impact people’s choices.

LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction c) Fewer agree that it is a viable way to meet people Consider This: Social stigma can impact people’s choices.

LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction d) Fewer agree that people who use them are desperate ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners; Submodule LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction, Topic=Online Dating Sites, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 10 Who is more likely to recover quickly from a conflict in the relationship? a) Ben, a 25-year-old who is uncomfortable being without close relationships Consider This: Secure attachment in childhood may lead to internal working models that manifest in adult romance.

LO 6.2.3: Differentiate the four kinds of romantic attachment b) Chiara, a 36-year-old who doesn’t feel the need for intimate relationships

Consider This: Secure attachment in childhood may lead to internal working models that manifest in adult romance.

LO 6.2.3: Differentiate the four kinds of romantic attachment c) Alexa, a 17-year-old who overcame the hardships of being raised by a single mom Consider This: Secure attachment in childhood may lead to internal working models that manifest in adult romance.

LO 6.2.3: Differentiate the four kinds of romantic attachment d) Sonya, a 20-year-old whose partner is securely attached ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners; Submodule LO 6.2.3: Differentiate the four kinds of romantic attachment, Topic=Attachment, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 11 Anna has always loved babysitting, and now that she is about to become a mother, she is excited to care for a newborn. Anna is demonstrating a strong a) attachment behavior.

Consider This: Many evolutionary psychologists believe people use this when caring for others, including our elderly parents or young.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory b) attachment orientation.

Consider This: Many evolutionary psychologists believe people use this when caring for others, including our elderly parents or young.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory c) caregiving orientation. d) safe base.

Consider This: Many evolutionary psychologists believe people use this when caring for others, including our elderly parents or young.

LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.1: Explain attachment theory, Topic=Attachment Theory, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Benjamin, for a project for his development class, draws three concentric circles: the first contains names of his closest friends and family, the middle contains

names of friends, and the third contains names of people he knows. These circles indicate Benjamin’s a)

attachment orientation.

Consider This: These circles are used in the convoy model.

LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships

b) social network. c) reciprocal relationships.

Consider This: These circles are used in the convoy model.

LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships d) caregiving orientation.

Consider This: These circles are used in the convoy model.

LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.2: Characterize the convoy model of relationships, Topic=The Convoy Model, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 Clara is about to turn 65. According to Carstensen (1995), what is likely to happen with Clara’s social network? a) It will grow, but decrease in quality.

Consider This: As we age, we measure life differently from when we were young.

LO 6.1.3: Explain socioemotional selectivity theory b) It will shrink, but gain in quality. c) It will shrink, but retain three concentric circles.

Consider This: As we age, we measure life differently from when we were young.

LO 6.1.3: Explain socioemotional selectivity theory d) It will grow, but increase in caregiving orientation.

Consider This: As we age, we measure life differently from when we were young.

LO 6.1.3: Explain socioemotional selectivity theory ANS: b

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.3: Explain socioemotional selectivity theory, Topic=Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 What is a key similarity between evolutionary psychology and attachment theory? a) Both suggest attachment developed to ensure survival of infants. b) Both suggest social networks shrink as we age.

Consider This: Bonding and attachment serve many functions.

LO 6.1.4: Relate evolution to social relationships c) Both suggest bonding is an alternative process.

Consider This: Bonding and attachment serve many functions.

LO 6.1.4: Relate evolution to social relationships d) Both focus on the social behaviors of bonding.

Consider This: Bonding and attachment serve many functions.

LO 6.1.4: Relate evolution to social relationships ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships; Submodule LO 6.1.4: Relate evolution to social relationships, Topic=Theories of Social Relationships, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Ted, who is newly engaged to Usha, is volunteering for a study. Researchers show him a picture of Usha and then measure his dopamine levels. The researchers are measuring a)

lust.

Consider This: This may fade a bit over time.

LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction

b) attraction. c) libido.

Consider This: This may fade a bit over time.

LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction d) attachment.

Consider This: This may fade a bit over time.

LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners; Submodule LO 6.2.2: Analyze the elements of attraction, Topic=Attraction, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Which of the following couples is most likely to stay together? a) Sara and Ed remember a family vacation with a lot of joking. b) Chris and Kelly are careful to use the words “I” and “me” to maintain individuality.

Consider This: Positive and negative interactions predict the likelihood of relationship success.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage c) Steve and Priti keep details of their personal lives secret.

Consider This: Positive and negative interactions predict the likelihood of relationship success.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage d) Jaime and Missy are embarrassed about a hard time in their marriage.

Consider This: Positive and negative interactions predict the likelihood of relationship success.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.3: Evaluate the impact of intimate partnership on adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage, Topic=Intimate Partnerships, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 What is a key distinction between engaged cohabitation and preengaged cohabitation?

a) Engaged cohabitants have higher levels of attraction than preengaged cohabitants.

Consider This: Commitment is key to marriage.

LO 6.3.2: Compare cohabitation and marriage b) Engaged cohabitants are less committed to partnership than preengaged cohabitants.

Consider This: Commitment is key to marriage.

LO 6.3.2: Compare cohabitation and marriage c) Engaged cohabitants who marry have more successful marriages than preengaged cohabitants who marry. d) Engaged cohabitants have higher incomes than preengaged cohabitants.

Consider This: Commitment is key to marriage.

LO 6.3.2: Compare cohabitation and marriage ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.3: Evaluate the impact of intimate partnership on adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.3.2: Compare cohabitation and marriage, Topic=Cohabitation and Marriage, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 What is a key difference between same-sex couples and heterosexual couples? a)

Sexual activity is higher for same-sex couples.

Consider This: Being labeled as different often has adverse effects.

LO 6.3.3: Characterize the long-term relationships of same-sex couples

b) Egalitarian relationships are more common among heterosexual couples.

Consider This: Being labeled as different often has adverse effects.

LO 6.3.3: Characterize the long-term relationships of same-sex couples c) Same-sex couples have higher rates of health problems. d) Divorce or separation is a bigger worry for heterosexual couples.

Consider This: Being labeled as different often has adverse effects.

LO 6.3.3: Characterize the long-term relationships of same-sex couples ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.3: Evaluate the impact of intimate partnership on adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.3.3: Characterize the long-term

relationships of same-sex couples, Topic=Same-Sex Marriages and Partnerships, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Paula loves her family. They are all Democrats and share many of the same viewpoints on politics. This situation is an example of _______ solidarity. a) functional Consider This: This type of solidarity involves sharing the same values and beliefs.

LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity b) affectional Consider This: This type of solidarity involves sharing the same values and beliefs.

LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity c) normative Consider This: This type of solidarity involves sharing the same values and beliefs.

LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity d) consensual ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.3: Evaluate the impact of intimate partnership on adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.4.1: Identify ways that families maintain intergenerational solidarity, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Who do college students report spending the most time with and receiving the most resources from? a) Their father’s father Consider This: A grandparent may spend more time with a child who they are confident is his/her biological descendant.

LO 6.4.3: Characterize grandparent–grandchild relationships b) Their father’s mother

Consider This: A grandparent may spend more time with a child who they are confident is his/her biological descendant.

LO 6.4.3: Characterize grandparent–grandchild relationships c) Their mother’s father Consider This: A grandparent may spend more time with a child who they are confident is his/her biological descendant.

LO 6.4.3: Characterize grandparent–grandchild relationships d) Their mother’s mother ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.4.3: Characterize grandparent–grandchild relationships, Topic=Relationships with Other Family Members, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 21 Which of the following is related to time spent on Facebook and number of Facebook friends? a) Depression Consider This: The relationship is strongest among college students.

LO 6.5.2: Analyze the friendship functions of social media b) Alcohol abuse c) Reduced in-person interactions Consider This: The relationship is strongest among college students.

LO 6.5.2: Analyze the friendship functions of social media d) Positive body image Consider This: The relationship is strongest among college students.

LO 6.5.2: Analyze the friendship functions of social media

ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 6.5: Evaluate the ways friendship circles affect adulthood; Submodule LO 6.5.2: Analyze the friendship functions of social media, Topic=Social Media Friends, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Who of the following is most likely to have the strongest connection with a sibling? a) Amelia, a married woman with no children Consider This: This person has had more time to develop relationships with siblings.

LO 6.4.4: Explain how sibling relationships change over time b) John, a divorced man with one child Consider This: This person has had more time to develop relationships with siblings.

LO 6.4.4: Explain how sibling relationships change over time c) Annette, a single woman with no children d) Roberto, a married man with three children Consider This: This person has had more time to develop relationships with siblings.

LO 6.4.4: Explain how sibling relationships change over time ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.4.4: Explain how sibling relationships change over time, Topic=Relationships with Siblings, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 Which of the following is an example of a common form of stress in friendships? a) Gina likes to give unsolicited advice. b) Latisha often has communication gaps.

Consider This: Friendships may have blurred boundaries.

LO 6.5.1: Explain how friendship networks change over time c) Eyad is busy dating people.

Consider This: Friendships may have blurred boundaries.

LO 6.5.1: Explain how friendship networks change over time d) Krista has a much higher income.

Consider This: Friendships may have blurred boundaries.

LO 6.5.1: Explain how friendship networks change over time ANS: a

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.5: Evaluate the ways friendship circles affect adulthood; Submodule LO 6.5.1: Explain how friendship networks change over time, Topic=Friendships in Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 Of those people married about 20 years, almost half report a) being not at all in love with their partners.

Consider This: The finding was somewhat surprising.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage b) feeling somewhat dissatisfied with their marriage.

Consider This: The finding was somewhat surprising.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage c) feeling companionate love has replaced compassionate love.

Consider This: The finding was somewhat surprising.

LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage d) being very intensely in love with their partners.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 6.3: Evaluate the impact of intimate partnership on adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage, Topic=Happy Marriages, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Which example best represents affection between parents and their adult children? a) Maria remembers her mom distributed affection evenly between her and her siblings during childhood.

Consider This: The difference between adult children’s and parent’s perceptions of affection depends on the number of siblings.

LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children

b) Kamila feels she does not have enough love to “go around” between all four of her children.

Consider This: The difference between adult children’s and parent’s perceptions of affection depends on the number of siblings.

LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children c) Tom reports few instances where his dad said, “I love you,” when he was a child, but his dad reports saying it regularly to Tom and Tom’s siblings d) Vance, an only child, feels he received the same affection from his father as did his friends with siblings, from their father Consider This: The difference between adult children’s and parent’s perceptions of affection depends on the number of siblings.

LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children

ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences; Submodule LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children, Topic=Parent-Child Relationships in Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate Essay

SA Question 26 Compare and contrast attachment theory and evolutionary psychology.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships, Topic=Theories of Social Relationships, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 27 Distinguish between the key tenets of the convoy model and socioemotional selectivity theory.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships, Topic=Theories of Social Relationships, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 28 Analyze the process of developing an intimate relationship as an adult.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.2: Determine how people choose intimate partners, Topic=Intimate Partnerships, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Compare and contrast the different types of solidarity experienced by families.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences, Topic=Relationships with Other Family Members, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Analyze the role gender plays in friendship and explain why this difference presents itself.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.5: Evaluate the ways friendship circles affect adulthood, Topic=Friendships in Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 31 Explain the statement, Parents are only as happy as their least happy child.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.4.2: Describe common parent interactions with adult children, Topic=Parent-Child Relationships in Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 32 Evaluate attachment theory, the convoy model, socioemotional selectivity theory, and evolutionary psychology. What does each theory say about attachment and bonding? Which one do you think is the most effective, and why? Can any of the theories work in conjunction with one another, and why or why not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 6.1: Compare theories of social relationships, Topic=Theories of Social Relationships, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 33 Evaluate the factors that are more likely to lead to a successful marriage. How can people in struggling marriages overcome obstacles in their relationships?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 6.3.1: Identify elements that increase the chance of happiness in a long-term marriage, Topic=Happy Marriages, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Compare and contrast heterosexual marriages with same-sex marriages. How do relationships develop and sustain? What obstacles do couple face, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.3.3: Characterize the long-term relationships of same-sex couples, Topic=Similarities and Differences between Same-Sex and Heterosexual Couples, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 35 Examine the relationships adults have with family members other than significant others. What elements are most important for strong family relationships, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.4: Analyze the ways that family interactions influence adulthood experiences, Topic=Relationships with Other Family Members, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 As your parents age, how do you predict their friendships will also change? Why? How are men and women different in terms of friendship? How does social media change modern friendships, even for older adults, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 6.5.1: Explain how friendship networks change over time, Topic=Friendships in Adulthood, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 How does culture impact the success of cohabitating couples? Describe the gender differences in relationship satisfaction for couples from different countries and explain theories as to why these gaps exist. How does this apply to couples who cohabited in the United States a few decades ago versus today?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 6.3.2: Compare cohabitation and marriage, Topic=Cultural Acceptance of Cohabitation, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch7 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 Super’s life-span/life-space theory suggests that people develop their careers a)

late in life.

Consider This: There are many different steps along the way when developing a career.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development

b) from youth.

Consider This: There are many different steps along the way when developing a career.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development c) in stages. d) statically.

Consider This: There are many different steps along the way when developing a career.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development ANS: c

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.1: Analyze the relationship between adulthood and work; Submodule LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development, Topic=Theories of Career Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 What is true about men and work? a) Men are more likely to work full-time jobs and for longer than women. b) Men are more likely to work full-time jobs, but for less time than women.

Consider This: Social and biological reasons help explain this gender difference.

LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender c) Men are more likely to work part-time jobs and for longer than women.

Consider This: Social and biological reasons help explain this gender difference.

LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender d) Men are more likely to work part-time jobs, but for less time than women.

Consider This: Social and biological reasons help explain this gender difference.

LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.1: Analyze the relationship between adulthood and work; Submodule LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender, Topic=Gender Differences in Career Patterns, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 What is true about women in the workforce? a) They make up almost half of the workforce, but hold the majority of minimum wage jobs. b) They make up the majority of the workforce, and hold the majority of minimum wage jobs.

Consider This: Occupational gender segregation adversely affects women.

LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender c) They are the vast minority of the workforce, and also work fewer minimum wage jobs.

Consider This: Occupational gender segregation adversely affects women.

LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender d) They are the vast minority of the workforce, and also hold the majority of minimum wage jobs.

Consider This: Occupational gender segregation adversely affects women.

LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.1: Analyze the relationship between adulthood and work; Submodule LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender, Topic=Gender Differences in Career Patterns, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 4 Holland’s theory of career selection is based on six __________ interests. a)

philosophical Consider This: Holland looked at various attitudes, abilities, and values.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development

b) personality Consider This: Holland looked at various attitudes, abilities, and values.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development c) intellectual Consider This: Holland looked at various attitudes, abilities, and values.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development d) vocational ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.1: Analyze the relationship between adulthood and work; Submodule LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development, Topic=Theories of Career Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 What is likely to happen to general ability and job expertise as we age? a)

Both general abilities and job expertise increase.

Consider This: Salthouse and Maurer (1996) observed an ability/expertise tradeoff.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance b) General abilities increase, while job expertise decreases.

Consider This: Salthouse and Maurer (1996) observed an ability/expertise tradeoff.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance c) General abilities decline, while job expertise increases. d) Both general abilities and job expertise decrease.

Consider This: Salthouse and Maurer (1996) observed an ability/expertise tradeoff.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences; Submodule LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance, Topic=Age Trends in Work Experience, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 How have theories of career development changed over the last few decades? a) They delineate stronger boundaries and pathways.

Consider This: Careers are not subject to cultural or gender boundaries in ways that they used to be.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development b) They incorporate more versatility and openness to change. c) They consider that employers are more apt to look out for employees’ best interests.

Consider This: Careers are not subject to cultural or gender boundaries in ways that they used to be.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development d) They focus less on job satisfaction and more on a person’s ability and talents.

Consider This: Careers are not subject to cultural or gender boundaries in ways that they used to be.

LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development ANS: b

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development; Submodule LO 7.1.1: Describe theories of career development, Topic=Theories of Career Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 An active and positive approach to work with vigor and dedication is known as work a) retraining.

Consider This: This concept is similar to job satisfaction.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals b) engagement. c) recycling.

Consider This: This concept is similar to job satisfaction.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals d) personalization.

Consider This: This concept is similar to job satisfaction.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals, Topic=Work and Personal Life, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 Gati and Perez (2014) compared gender differences in vocational interests and found that which of the following has changed over the past 20 years? a) Men and women no longer differ in their preferences for STEM careers.

Consider This: Gender differences continued in only one-third of the career aspects tested.

LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences b) Men and women now equally seek careers that offer professional advancement. c) Men and women now equally prefer careers with high levels of income.

Consider This: Gender differences continued in only one-third of the career aspects tested.

LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences d) Men and women still equally prefer jobs with conventional working hours.

Consider This: Gender differences continued in only one-third of the career aspects tested.

LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.2: Describe sociocultural influences on career choice; Submodule LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences, Topic=The Effects of Gender, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 9 Who is more likely to enter a nontraditional occupation in the next year? a) Adi, a 19-year-old single male whose mother, grandmother, and aunt are teachers Consider This: Men who enter nontraditional occupations tend to gravitate toward less people-centric jobs.

LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences b) Sergio, a 39-year-old father who was just laid off and has a friend who is a surgical technician c) Mekhi, a 55-year-old married man who worked in IT until his company downsized Consider This: Men who enter nontraditional occupations tend to gravitate toward less people-centric jobs.

LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences d) Brian, a 24-year-old single male who works for a moving company Consider This: Men who enter nontraditional occupations tend to gravitate toward less people-centric jobs.

LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.2: Describe sociocultural influences on career choice; Submodule LO 7.2.1: Summarize the effects of gender on work experiences, Topic=The Effects of Gender, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 10 Which factor seems to be the most important in having a happy retirement? a)

Religion Consider This: It takes years to prepare for retirement.

LO 7.5.6: Identify important factors leading to well-being after retirement

b) Family Consider This: It takes years to prepare for retirement.

LO 7.5.6: Identify important factors leading to well-being after retirement c) Employment Consider This: It takes years to prepare for retirement.

LO 7.5.6: Identify important factors leading to well-being after retirement d) Planning ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.5: Evaluate retirement practices; Submodule LO 7.5.6: Identify important factors leading to well-being after retirement, Topic=Retirement and Well-Being, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Aidan dislikes the new policies being implemented at his job and feels they are causing his performance at work to suffer. Aidan is at risk of experiencing a) job strain Consider This: Several traits and coping styles relate to job stress.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals b) cognitive complexity Consider This: Several traits and coping styles relate to job stress.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals c) job burnout d) work engagement Consider This: Several traits and coping styles relate to job stress.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals

ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals, Topic=Work and the Individual, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Which is true of NEETs (neither employed nor being educated or trained)? a)

The rate of NEETs has increased over recent years.

Consider This: Many lack work-related skills or have skills that don’t match available jobs.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals b) They are more likely to be male.

Consider This: Many lack work-related skills or have skills that don’t match available jobs.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals c)

The majority are middle- to older-age adults.

Consider This: Many lack work-related skills or have skills that don’t match available jobs.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals

d)

The majority have a high school education or less.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals, Topic=Work and the Individual, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 Who is likely to experience the worst outcomes following job loss? a) Tomas, a middle-aged Hispanic male with a bachelor’s degree b) Lisa, a black female who recently graduated college with a bachelor’s degree

Consider This: Some demographic groups have more difficulty finding comparable jobs than others.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals c) Susan, an older white female with a high school diploma Consider This: Some demographic groups have more difficulty finding comparable jobs than others.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals d) Ricardo, an older Hispanic male with a high school diploma Consider This: Some demographic groups have more difficulty finding comparable jobs than others.

LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals

ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals, Topic=The Impact of Job Loss, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 It is more typical for men to remain in the labor force than women when children are added to the family. This is an example of a) paid family leave.

Consider This: On average, parents spend equal numbers of hours taking care of their families, whether is work in the home or work in paid jobs.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences b) person-environment fit.

Consider This: On average, parents spend equal numbers of hours taking care of their families, whether is work in the home or work in paid jobs.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences

c) work-family spillover.

Consider This: On average, parents spend equal numbers of hours taking care of their families, whether is work in the home or work in paid jobs.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences d) family-work spillover.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences, Topic=Adding Children to the Family, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Salvadore, whose parents are in the middle class, has a GPA of 3.9. Similarly, Barbara, whose parents are in the working class, also maintains a GPA of 3.9.

What is likely to occur? a) Salvadore is more likely to attend college than Barbara. b) Salvadore and Barbara are both likely to attend college.

Consider This: The value of education is not equally shared across classes.

LO 7.2.2: Relate family to career choices c) Barbara is more likely to attend college than Salvadore.

Consider This: The value of education is not equally shared across classes.

LO 7.2.2: Relate family to career choices d) Neither Salvadore nor Barbara is likely to attend college.

Consider This: The value of education is not equally shared across classes.

LO 7.2.2: Relate family to career choices ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.2: Describe sociocultural influences on career choice; Submodule LO 7.2.2: Relate family to career choices, Topic=Family Influences, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 The U.S. median age of the labor force is expected to ________ over the next few decades. a) decrease Consider This: Many older adults do not have enough resources to retire.

LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences b) remain the same Consider This: Many older adults do not have enough resources to retire.

LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences c) increase d) fluctuate Consider This: Many older adults do not have enough resources to retire.

LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences, Topic=Age Trends in the Workplace, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 17 Gerald is a 61-year-old man who has been working as an engineer for a company for 30 years. His manager is worrying that some of Gerald’s general abilities may be declining with age. What would be the most appropriate decision for the company, and why? a) Suggest career retraining because Gerald could learn new skills to go into a developing field.

Consider This: Companies will have to develop new strategies to handle an aging workforce.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance b) Create a new position to take advantage of the job expertise and skills Gerald has retained because those skills are still valuable assets. c) Offer Gerald early retirement because the decline in skills is likely to happen more quickly over time.

Consider This: Companies will have to develop new strategies to handle an aging workforce.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance

d) Reduce the job’s requirements because Gerald could place someone in danger with his lack of abilities.

Consider This: Companies will have to develop new strategies to handle an aging workforce.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance ANS: b Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences; Submodule LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance, Topic=Age Trends in the Workplace, Difficulty=Difficult

M/C Question 18 Sayid has been working as an electrician for 15 years, and now he is thinking about trying his hand as a teacher for a vocational high school. This situation is an example of a) career maintenance.

Consider This: Super’s theory of career development is not just applicable to young adults.

LO 7.3.2: Describe age-related issues associated with the stages of career development b) ability/expertise tradeoff.

Consider This: Super’s theory of career development is not just applicable to young adults.

LO 7.3.2: Describe age-related issues associated with the stages of career development c) career recycling. d) expertise retraining.

Consider This: Super’s theory of career development is not just applicable to young adults.

LO 7.3.2: Describe age-related issues associated with the stages of career development ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences; Submodule LO 7.3.2: Describe age-related issues associated with the stages of career development, Topic=Job Training and Retraining, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 What is a key age difference in terms of job satisfaction? a) Job satisfaction declines in middle age. b) Younger workers have higher job satisfaction than older workers.

Consider This: Job satisfaction is a U-shaped curve.

LO 7.3.3: Characterize the job satisfaction curve c) Older workers have more fluctuating levels of job satisfaction than younger workers.

Consider This: Job satisfaction is a U-shaped curve.

LO 7.3.3: Characterize the job satisfaction curve d) Younger workers have more fluctuating levels of job satisfaction than older workers.

Consider This: Job satisfaction is a U-shaped curve.

LO 7.3.3: Characterize the job satisfaction curve ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences; Submodule LO 7.3.3: Characterize the job satisfaction curve, Topic=Age Trends in Work Experience, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 About 60% of retired men, particularly those retiring at early ages from jobs in public service, end up a) returning to the workforce.

Consider This: Many retirees still enjoy keeping busy with work related to their field.

LO 7.5.5: Describe alternatives to full retirement b) engaging in bridge employment. c) entering phased retirement.

Consider This: Many retirees still enjoy keeping busy with work related to their field.

LO 7.5.5: Describe alternatives to full retirement d) volunteering.

Consider This: Many retirees still enjoy keeping busy with work related to their field.

LO 7.5.5: Describe alternatives to full retirement

ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.5: Evaluate retirement practices; Submodule LO 7.5.5: Describe alternatives to full retirement, Topic=Alternatives to Full Retirement, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 Parental Leave in the United States involves a) 12 weeks of job protection. b) 2 weeks of paid leave for fathers.

Consider This: 41 countries offer paid maternity leave.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences c) 12 weeks of paid leave for mothers.

Consider This: 41 countries offer paid maternity leave.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences d) 12 weeks of paid leave for either the mother or father.

Consider This: 41 countries offer paid maternity leave.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences, Topic=Parental Leave, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 22 According to one study (Zhou & Buehler, 2016), which of the following is a major contributor to mothers’ positive work-family spillover? a) Fathers’ contributions to housework Consider This: One suggestion is for employers to offer on-site childcare.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences b) Having less work commitment

Consider This: One suggestion is for employers to offer on-site childcare.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences c) Promotions and professional development Consider This: One suggestion is for employers to offer on-site childcare.

LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences d) Perceiving their jobs benefitted their children.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life; Submodule LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences, Topic=Work-Family Spillover, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 23 Which of the following is an example of work-related value?

66.

a) Curran will receive a full pension if he stays with his company until age

b) Stephanie has a large trust fund left to her from her grandfather, who founded her company.

Consider This: Economists and other social scientists argue that the decision to retire is based on value.

7.5.3: Describe typical reasons for retirement c) Pascal finds he owes more on his company’s property than what it is worth.

Consider This: Economists and other social scientists argue that the decision to retire is based on value.

LO 7.5.3: Describe typical reasons for retirement d) Darlene receives her Medicare eligibility letter from the government.

Consider This: Economists and other social scientists argue that the decision to retire is based on value.

LO 7.5.3: Describe typical reasons for retirement ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.5: Evaluate retirement practices; Submodule LO 7.5.3: Describe typical reasons for retirement, Topic=Reasons for Retirement, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 Who of the following is most likely to live at or below the poverty line? a) Gertrude, a 50-year-old Caucasian woman Consider This: Race and gender are compounding factors for poverty.

LO 7.5.4: Analyze the effects of retirement b) Onkar, a 75-year-old Hindu man Consider This: Race and gender are compounding factors for poverty.

LO 7.5.4: Analyze the effects of retirement c) Amelia, a 66-year-old African American woman d) Sigmund, a 60-year-old Caucasian man Consider This: Race and gender are compounding factors for poverty.

LO 7.5.4: Analyze the effects of retirement ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.5: Evaluate retirement practices; Submodule LO 7.5.4: Analyze the effects of retirement, Topic=Effects of Retirement, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 What is a key difference between a 22 year old and a 63 year old in terms of job performance? a) The 63 year old will have rapidly declining job performance, while the 22 year old will be rapidly increasing.

Consider This: Job expertise is important for job performance.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance b) The 22 year old will have more stellar job performance than the 63 year old.

Consider This: Job expertise is important for job performance.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance c) The 63 year old will have similar overall job performance as the 22 year old. d) The 22 year old will have steady job performance, while the 63 year old will have variable job performance.

Consider This: Job expertise is important for job performance.

LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.3: Relate age to workplace experiences; Submodule LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance, Topic=Job Performance, Difficulty=Moderate Essay

SA Question 26 Compare and contrast men’s and women’s career patterns. Why are there such distinct differences?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.1: Analyze the relationship between adulthood and work; Submodule LO 7.1.2: Differentiate career patterns by binary gender, Topic=Gender Differences in Career Patterns, The Importance of Work in Adulthood, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 27 Describe the reasons for the increase in older works since 1990.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.5.2: Explain impacts on retirement age, Topic=Timing of Retirement, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 28 Examine how age affects job performance. What skills change and which remain stable, and why? Explain this in the context of the ability-expertise tradeoff.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance, Topic=Age Trends in Work Experience, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Analyze how work is an important aspect of an individual’s life. What workrelated factors can be detrimental to an individual, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.4: Analyze the relationship between work and personal life, Topic=Work and Personal Life, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Examine the role planning plays in having a successful retirement. How would retirement for an unprepared person be different from one who had planned, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.5.1: Summarize financial and psychological issues in retirement preparation, Topic=Preparation for Retirement, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 Analyze the U-Shaped curve that describes the relationship between job satisfaction and age. What are some explanations for this pattern?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 7.3.3: Characterize the job satisfaction curve, Topic=Job Satisfaction, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 32 Explain how stereotypes in families can influence career choices.

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 7.2.2: Relate family to career choices, Topic=Family Influences, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 33 Evaluate the influences that lead individuals to choose particular careers. What processes are involved, and how do gender, family, and socioeconomics play a role? Do you think career selection is a solely individual process, and why or why not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 7.2: Describe sociocultural influences on career choice, Topic=Selecting a Career, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Assume you are the human resources manager, and you want to ensure your company is working with older adults. Evaluate the role your company should play in attracting and retaining older workers. Finally, defend your position that older workers are an asset for your company.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 7.3.1: Explain how age influences job performance, Topic=Age Trends in Work Experience, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 35 Evaluate the role work plays with a person’s relationships with a spouse, children, and other family members. Is work important, and why or why not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 7.4.2: Explain how family-related cultural expectations and workplace options influence work experiences, Topic=Work and Personal Life, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 Your uncle is approaching age 66. Evaluate which factors will affect his decision to retire. What reasons are most powerful in the decision to retire, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 7.5: Evaluate retirement practices, Topic=Retirement, Difficulty=add difficulty

Essay Question 37 Explain the bidirectional effect between work and the individual. What are the pros and cons of cognitive complexity on the job? How do these contribute to job burnout and work engagement?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=7.4.1: Identify work trends that lead to positive and negative outcomes for individuals, Topic=Work and the Individual, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch8 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 What is true about personality characteristics? a)

They are fairly flexible over the lifetime.

Consider This: We are born with our personalities.

LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability

b) They continue to emerge from birth to death.

Consider This: We are born with our personalities.

LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability c) They are fairly stable over the lifetime. d) They do not develop until adolescence.

Consider This: We are born with our personalities.

LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability, Topic=Differential Continuity, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 Personality _______ are patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are demonstrated by people. a)

structures Consider This: These tend to be fairly stable over a lifetime.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality

b) states

Consider This: These tend to be fairly stable over a lifetime.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality c) traits d) quirks Consider This: These tend to be fairly stable over a lifetime.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality, Topic=Personality Traits and Factors, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 Menopause and other normative changes, such as graduating from college, contribute to _________ changes in traits? a) differential continuity Consider This: Certain milestones may lead to general changes.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality b) marginal Consider This: Certain milestones may lead to general changes.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality c) five-factor Consider This: Certain milestones may lead to general changes.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality d) mean-level ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality, Topic=Mean-Level Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 About how much of personality is determined by genetics? a) 10%

Consider This: Genetics appear to be fairly influential in determining personality.

LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality b) 20% c) 40% Consider This: Genetics appear to be fairly influential in determining personality.

LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality d) 60% Consider This: Genetics appear to be fairly influential in determining personality.

LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality, Topic=Explanations of Continuity and Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 When do we see the majority of mean-level changes of personality? a) Young adulthood b) Childhood Consider This: This time period is marked by many new transitions.

LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality c) Adolescence Consider This: This time period is marked by many new transitions.

LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality d) Middle adulthood Consider This: This time period is marked by many new transitions.

LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that

interactions with the environment influence personality, Topic=Explanations of Continuity and Change, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 The process where people use the qualities they have inherited as foundation for survival and reproductive strategies are known as _______ heritability. a) reactive b) genetic Consider This: People select for particular traits in response to certain needs.

LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality c) personality Consider This: People select for particular traits in response to certain needs.

LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality d) state Consider This: People select for particular traits in response to certain needs.

LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality, Topic=Evolutionary Psychology Explanations, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 The ________ factor lead to scales that measure other personality traits, such as the selfless-self. a) environmental Consider This: The Eastern religions teach the selfless-self.

LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture b)

cultural

c) genetic

Consider This: The Eastern religions teach the selfless-self.

LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture d) evolution Consider This: The Eastern religions teach the selfless-self.

LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture, Topic=Cultural Differences, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 What is the last stage Erikson believed adults must solve? a) Generativity vs. self-absorption and stagnation Consider This: This stage involves the life review.

LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time b) Ego integrity vs. despair c) Intimacy vs. isolation Consider This: This stage involves the life review.

LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time d) Identity vs. role confusion Consider This: This stage involves the life review.

LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time, Topic=Psychosocial Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 Unlike Erikson’s stages, Loevinger’s stages can be seen as a a)

conclusion.

Consider This: Erikson believed the stages could be skipped.

LO 8.4.2: Outline Loevinger’s stages of ego development b) obstacle course.

Consider This: Erikson believed the stages could be skipped.

LO 8.4.2: Outline Loevinger’s stages of ego development c) simultaneous journey.

Consider This: Erikson believed the stages could be skipped.

LO 8.4.2: Outline Loevinger’s stages of ego development d) pathway.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.2: Outline Loevinger’s stages of ego development, Topic=Ego Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 10 Valliant believed the ________ mechanism must mature if people can cope well with life. a)

value Consider This: This may involve a distortion of reality.

LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms

b) genetic Consider This: This may involve a distortion of reality.

LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms c) defense d) ego Consider This: This may involve a distortion of reality.

LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms, Topic=Mature Adaptation, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Endre is the leader of the campus environmental club and is always searching for

new projects in which to be involved. Endre is demonstrating which five-factor personality trait? a) Agreeableness Consider This: Values and ideals also fall under this trait.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality b) Neuroticism Consider This: Values and ideals also fall under this trait.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality c) Conscientiousness Consider This: Values and ideals also fall under this trait.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality d) Openness ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality, Topic=Personality Traits and Factors, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Nadia was very popular in high school and was elected Homecoming Queen because of her extraversion. Now that she is in her 60s, according to differential continuity, how would you expect her to be today? a)

Nadia’s extraversion will convert to neuroticism.

Consider This: Personality traits remain surprisingly stable over our lives.

LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability

b) Nadia will have outgrown the extraversion and become more introverted.

Consider This: Personality traits remain surprisingly stable over our lives.

LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability c) Nadia will still be very extraverted. d) Nadia’s extraversion will have moderated to milder version.

Consider This: Personality traits remain surprisingly stable over our lives.

LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability

ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.2: Explain how differential continuity predicts personality stability, Topic=Differential Continuity, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 What is a key difference between intra-individual variability and differential continuity with regards to charting personality traits? a) Intra-individual variability looks at twin studies, while differential continuity examines cohorts.

Consider This: These two approaches examine how personality in different approaches.

LO 8.1.4: Explain how individual personality factors can change b) Intra-individual variability correlates individual scores, while differential continuity examines rank order. c) Intra-individual variability focuses on personality traits, while differential continuity focuses on personality state.

Consider This: These two approaches examine how personality in different approaches.

LO 8.1.4: Explain how individual personality factors can change d) Intra-individual variability is a longitudinal method, while differential continuity uses cross-sectional methods.

Consider This: These two approaches examine how personality in different approaches.

LO 8.1.4: Explain how individual personality factors can change ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.4: Explain how individual personality factors can change, Topic=Intra-Individual Variability, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 As part of a research study, a group of kindergartners take the NEO Five-Factor personality test and then are retested as college freshmen. What is likely to be seen when applying mean-level change? a) There will be no changes to personality.

Consider This: As people develop through life stages, their personalities also do so.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality b) There will be personality growth with maturation. c) There will be reversals of personality traits.

Consider This: As people develop through life stages, their personalities also do so.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality d) There will be a random change effect.

Consider This: As people develop through life stages, their personalities also do so.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality, Topic=Mean-Level Change, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Who is most likely to be in a positive relationship? a) Sheila scores high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism. b) Tom scores high on agreeableness and high on neuroticism.

Consider This: People who are more self-centered are more likely to be in abusive relationships.

LO 8.2.1: Describe ways personality can influence relationships c) Ramsen scores low on agreeableness and low on neuroticism.

Consider This: People who are more self-centered are more likely to be in abusive relationships.

LO 8.2.1: Describe ways personality can influence relationships d) Mindy scores low on agreeableness and high on neuroticism.

Consider This: People who are more self-centered are more likely to be in abusive relationships.

LO 8.2.1: Describe ways personality can influence relationships ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.2: Analyze how personality impacts life experiences; Submodule LO 8.2.1: Describe ways personality can influence relationships, Topic=Personality and Relationships, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Identical twins Brody and Brady both demonstrate high levels of Agreeableness and Openness, compared to their fraternal twin friends, Kayla and Micah, who are very different from one another. This situation is an example of the _______ factor that affects personality traits. a) genetic b) environmental Consider This: This aspect appears to greatly affect personality traits.

LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality c) evolutionary Consider This: This aspect appears to greatly affect personality traits.

LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality d) cultural Consider This: This aspect appears to greatly affect personality traits.

LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.1: Relate genetics to personality, Topic=Genetics, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 Lucy is a very extroverted person and decides to pursue a career in sales, where she can meet a great deal of new people. This situation is an example of _________ transactions. a) proactive b) manipulative Consider This: People can make decisions in their environment that best fit their personalities.

LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality c) evocative Consider This: People can make decisions in their environment that best fit their personalities.

LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality

d) reactive Consider This: People can make decisions in their environment that best fit their personalities.

LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.2: Identify ways that interactions with the environment influence personality, Topic=Environmental Influences, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Dr. Packard makes a presentation to his students where he argues that extraversion has become such a powerful personality trait because our ancestors needed to be outgoing in order to meet people from other tribes and avoid incestuous relationships. Dr. Packard is supporting the _______ explanation of personality traits. a)

genetic Consider This: Certain traits have presented themselves over a long period of time.

LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality

b) evolutionary c) environmental Consider This: Certain traits have presented themselves over a long period of time.

LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality d) cultural Consider This: Certain traits have presented themselves over a long period of time.

LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.3: Describe ways that evolution may have influenced the development of personality, Topic=Evolutionary Psychology Explanations, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 What is a key difference between the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory? a) The Chinese assessment focuses on individual traits, while the NEO focuses on individual states.

Consider This: There are cultural differences in personality.

LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture b) The Chinese assessment has been shown to be less reliable among collectivist nations than the NEO. Consider This: There are cultural differences in personality.

LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture c) The Chinese assessment includes Neuroticism, while the NEO includes Accommodation.

Consider This: There are cultural differences in personality.

LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture not.

d) The Chinese assessment includes interrelatedness, while the NEO does

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability; Submodule LO 8.3.4: Compare measures of personality by culture, Topic=Cultural Differences, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 While the NEO Personality Inventory is beneficial in that it is __________, it has a weakness of lacking _________. a)

reliable; validity.

Consider This: The NEO Personality Test uses scores to determine personality traits.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality

b) quick; factor-analysis.

Consider This: The NEO Personality Test uses scores to determine personality traits.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality c) generalizable; quantifiability.

Consider This: The NEO Personality Test uses scores to determine personality traits.

LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality d) empirical; depth.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality, Topic=Personality Traits and Factors, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 At work, Marc offers to mentor the new hires from the local university. He gains great pleasure in passing down his knowledge and helping the new hires succeed in the business. Marc is in which of Erikson’s stages? a)

Intimacy vs. isolation Consider This: During this stage, adults must consider productivity and procreativity.

LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time

b) Ego integrity vs. despair Consider This: During this stage, adults must consider productivity and procreativity.

LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time c) Generativity vs. self-absorption and stagnation d) Identity vs. role confusion Consider This: During this stage, adults must consider productivity and procreativity.

LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.1: Relate Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development to personality changes over time, Topic=Psychosocial Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 What is a key difference between Erikson’s psychosocial development and Loevinger’s ego development? a) Erikson was empirically supported, while Loevinger has yet to have supporting evidence.

Consider This: Loevinger saw ego development as a strict route, while Erikson was more flexible.

LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development b) Erikson used stages to describe a pathway, while Loevinger used visual cues.

Consider This: Loevinger saw ego development as a strict route, while Erikson was more flexible.

LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development c) Erikson believed ego attainment was impossible, while Loevinger centered on it.

Consider This: Loevinger saw ego development as a strict route, while Erikson was more flexible.

LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development d) Erikson suggested people can skip around the stages, while Loevinger suggested people must complete each stage in full.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development, Topic=Theories of Personality Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 Amita has an autistic child who also presents symptoms of oppositional defiance disorder (ODD). She expresses her frustration to her best friend, who offers a couple of suggestions on how to handle her child, but Amita becomes angry and says she is not looking for advice. Amita is an example of which of Valliant’s defense mechanisms? a)

Autistic fantasy Consider This: This is the least mature of Valliant’s defense mechanisms.

LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms

b) Help-rejecting complaining c) Denial

Consider This: This is the least mature of Valliant’s defense mechanisms.

LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms d) Omnipotence Consider This: This is the least mature of Valliant’s defense mechanisms.

LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.3: Differentiate between Vaillant’s defense mechanisms, Topic=Mature Adaptation, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 After their children are grown, Helena and Opio take up new hobbies. Helena is learning how to do more programs on the computer, and Opio is exploring cooking. While Gutman may say these are examples of gender crossover, what should be inferred? a) Middle and late adulthood is a time for exploring previously uncharted aspects of a personality. b) Once the child raising stage is over, men tend to become more feminine than women, and women become more masculine than men.

Consider This: Helson believed this time of life was a complex biosocial phenomenon.

LO 8.4.4: Analyze gender crossover for its influences c) If a couple has had children, they are more likely to pursue a divorce if they do not have separate hobbies.

Consider This: Helson believed this time of life was a complex biosocial phenomenon.

LO 8.4.4: Analyze gender crossover for its influences d) The stages following young adulthood continue to enforce societal gender stereotypes.

Consider This: Helson believed this time of life was a complex biosocial phenomenon.

LO 8.4.4: Analyze gender crossover for its influences ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.4: Analyze gender crossover for its influences, Topic=Gender Crossover, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 When Margot reflects on her life, she feels a sense of perfection with her three children, her successful career as a lawyer, and her time as a single mother.

Maslow would argue Margo has fulfilled which need in her life? a) Self-actualization b) Self-esteem Consider This: Maslow characterized this stage with peak experiences.

LO 8.4.5: Summarize the approaches of positive psychology c) Love and belongingness Consider This: Maslow characterized this stage with peak experiences.

LO 8.4.5: Summarize the approaches of positive psychology d) Physiological needs Consider This: Maslow characterized this stage with peak experiences.

LO 8.4.5: Summarize the approaches of positive psychology ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.5: Summarize the approaches of positive psychology, Topic=Positive Well-Being, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 26 Research shows that stereotypes of _____________ in personality across adulthood is ____________ with participants’ actual responses on the NEO-PI. a) intra-individual variability; inconsistent Consider This: Personality does change predictably with age and continues to change at least to the age of 92.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality b) mean-level change; consistent c) differential continuity; consistent Consider This: Personality does change predictably with age and continues to change at least to the age of 92.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality d) intra-individual variability; consistent Consider This: Personality does change predictably with age and continues to change at least to the age of 92.

LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality

ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.3: Relate mean-level change to personality, Topic=Mean-Level Change, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 27 Simon’s wife is dutiful, organized, and disciplined. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Simon? a) He is low in conscientiousness.

Consider This: Conscientiousness contributes not only to one’s own good health, but also to the good health of one’s spouse.

LO: 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences b) He argues with his wife about household chores.

Consider This: Conscientiousness contributes not only to one’s own good health, but also to the good health of one’s spouse.

LO: 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences c) He will report relatively good health. d) He will have high blood pressure.

Consider This: Conscientiousness contributes not only to one’s own good health, but also to the good health of one’s spouse.

LO: 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 8.2: Analyze how personality impacts life experiences; Submodule LO 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences, Topic=Personality and Health, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 28 How are personality traits related to a person’s subjective health in the role of caregiver? a) Those high in traits that promote self-efficacy report better mental and physical health. b) Those high in Neuroticism and Conscientiousness are more effective in this role.

Consider This: We tend to enjoy tasks we feel competent when performing.

LO 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences c) Individuals high in Agreeableness report better physical health.

Consider This: We tend to enjoy tasks we feel competent when performing.

LO 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences d) Individuals low in Extraversion report better mental health.

Consider This: We tend to enjoy tasks we feel competent when performing.

LO 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences ANS: a

Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 8.2: Analyze how personality impacts life experiences; Submodule LO 8.2.3: Relate personality to health experiences, Topic=Personality and Health, Difficulty=Moderate Essay

SA Question 29 Compare and contrast differential continuity and intra-individual variability as they measure personality.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality, Topic=Personality Structures, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Distinguish between personality states and personality traits.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor Model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.1: Describe the Five-Factor Model of personality, Topic=Personality Traits and Factors, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 Compare and contrast genetic and evolutionary factors that influence personality traits.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability, Topic=Explanations of Continuity and Change, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 32 Distinguish between environmental and cultural factors that influence personality traits.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability, Topic=Explanations of Continuity and Change, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 33 In what ways are Erikson’s psychosocial development and Loevinger’s ego development similar to one another? How are they dissimilar? Which one do you think is more valid, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development, Topic=Theories of Personality Development, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 34 Describe ways in which the personality trait conscientiousness is related to achievement. How might this relationship differ by sociocultural context and gender?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.2: Analyze how personality impacts life experiences; Submodule LO 8.2.2: Determine the relationship between personality and achievement, Topic=Personality and Achievement, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 35 Explain the concept of “gender crossover” in middle and late adulthood. What does research show about the reasons for this change?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development; Submodule LO 8.4.4: Analyze gender crossover for its influences, Topic=Gender Crossover, Difficulty=Moderate Essay Question 36 A mother notices her child displays neurotic tendencies. She expresses she’s a bit worried, but she believes he will outgrow this trait. How do you respond to her, and what effective interventions exist? Why would they work?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 8.1: Apply the Five-Factor model to concepts of personality; Submodule LO 8.1.4: Explain how individual personality factors can change, Topic=Personality Structures, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Evaluate the role personality plays on relationships, achievement, and health.

Which personality traits are most desirable in each element, and why? How can people foster positive traits, or can they not, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 8.2: Analyze how personality impacts life experiences, Topic=What Do Personality Traits Do?, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 38 Considering cultural and environmental factors, critique the use of the NEO Personality Inventory for measuring personality traits.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability, Topic=Explanations of Continuity and Change, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 39 Evaluate the four key factors that influence personality traits. Which ones are the most influential and which ones are the least, and why? Do you think an empirical test can truly measure personality traits? Why or why not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 8.3: Evaluate measures of personality change and stability, Topic=Explanations of Continuity and Change, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 40 Examine the five theories of personality development (psychosocial development, ego development, mature adaptation, gender crossover, and positive well-being).

What are the key tenets of each, and how does each explain different personalities? How would you combine at least two of these theories to create a new theory, and why do you think this would be effective to explain personality development?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 8.4: Interpret personality using theories of personality development, Topic=Theories of Personality Development, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch9 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 Coming to know oneself as a part of a larger whole is known as selfa) transcendence. b) realization.

Consider This: This is a process that brings with it a new worldview.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning c) actualization.

Consider This: This is a process that brings with it a new worldview.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning d) development.

Consider This: This is a process that brings with it a new worldview.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning, Topic=Why We Study the Quest for Meaning, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 What is true about the importance of experiences? a) It is the meaning associated with the experiences that matters. b) It is the experience itself that matters.

Consider This: How we interpret something is critical.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning c) It is the people we experience something with that matter.

Consider This: How we interpret something is critical.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning d) It is the location of the experience that matters.

Consider This: How we interpret something is critical.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning; Submodule LO 9.1: Differentiate meaning from experience, Topic=Meaning Matters, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 What is the pattern for church attendance among Americans? a)

It has fluctuated over the past 50 years.

Consider This: Church attendance is highest for those over age 65.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States

b) It has been rising over the past 50 years.

Consider This: Church attendance is highest for those over age 65.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States c) It has remained stable over the past 50 years.

Consider This: Church attendance is highest for those over age 65.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States d) It has been dropping over the past 50 years.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States, Topic=The Study of Age-Related Changes in Meaning Systems, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 What is true about those who attend religious services? a)

They are more susceptible to stress.

Consider This: Religious services can be beneficial.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health

b) They are most likely to be young.

Consider This: Religious services can be beneficial.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health c) They are most likely to be male.

Consider This: Religious services can be beneficial.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health d) They live longer than those who do not.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health, Topic=The Study of Age-Related Changes in Meaning Systems, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 Kohlberg believed there were ______ levels of moral reasoning. a)

2 Consider This: Kohlberg saw a relatively short pathway of development.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg

b) 3 c) 10 Consider This: Kohlberg saw a relatively short pathway of development.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg d) 7 Consider This: Kohlberg saw a relatively short pathway of development.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg ANS: c

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.3: Apply theories of spiritual development; Submodule LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg, Topic=Theories of Spiritual Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 Which term refers to a set of understandings about our connections with others in the world? a)

Morality Consider This: Everyone has this set of assumptions.

LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler

b) Religiosity Consider This: Everyone has this set of assumptions.

LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler c) Spirituality Consider This: Everyone has this set of assumptions.

LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler d) Faith ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.3: Apply theories of spiritual development; Submodule LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler, Topic=Development of Faith, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 Kegan (1982) proposed that we all have which two desires within us? a)

Values and morals Consider This: These two desires conflict with one another.

LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan

b) Intelligence and emotion Consider This: These two desires conflict with one another.

LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan c) Humor and athleticism

Consider This: These two desires conflict with one another.

LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan d) Connection and independence

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality; Submodule LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan, Topic=A Synthesizing Model, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 Illumination and purification are two stages of ________ as described by Evelyn Underhill. a) mysticism b) faith Consider This: These are stages of the self-transcendent experience.

LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill c) morality Consider This: These are stages of the self-transcendent experience.

LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill d) love Consider This: These are stages of the self-transcendent experience.

LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality; Submodule LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill, Topic=Stages of Mystical Experience, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 A person who leaves home to attend college is experiencing a circumstantial event that may trigger the transformation from

a) individualistic to integrated.

Consider This: This may also be triggered by therapy or education.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions b) conformist to individualistic. c) integrated to transcendent.

Consider This: This may also be triggered by therapy or education.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions d) transcendent to conformist.

Consider This: This may also be triggered by therapy or education.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.5: Analyze how individuals develop through transitions; Submodule LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions, Topic=Triggering a Transition, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 What is a commonality found among the theorists who have explored meaning and development? a)

They are universal principles.

Consider This: A linear perspective can be limiting.

LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey

b) They see life as a journey. c) They are restating each other’s ideas.

Consider This: A linear perspective can be limiting.

LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey d) They see no end point.

Consider This: A linear perspective can be limiting.

LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.6: Assess common metaphors used to make sense of the development of adult meaning systems; Submodule LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey, Topic=Life as Journey, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Allie is an optimist who believes the best in people. As a result, she tends to experience life with more positive experiences than Michael, who is more pessimistic. This situation is an example of meaning through a/n a)

motivation systems.

Consider This: Our experiences are filtered through our perspectives.

LO 9.1.1: Differentiate meaning from experience

b) internal working model. c) gerotranscendence.

Consider This: Our experiences are filtered through our perspectives.

LO 9.1.1: Differentiate meaning from experience d) self-actualization.

Consider This: Our experiences are filtered through our perspectives.

LO 9.1.1: Differentiate meaning from experience ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning; Submodule LO 9.1.1: Differentiate meaning from experience, Topic=Meaning Matters, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 In a classic fairy tale, the lost boy meets with the wise elder, who helps him find his path. This situation is an example of a) motivation for meaning.

Consider This: Most cultures support the idea that wisdom increases with age.

LO 9.1.3: Describe ways that cultural traditions and psychological theorists have supported the concept of gerotranscendence b) self-actualization.

Consider This: Most cultures support the idea that wisdom increases with age.

LO 9.1.3: Describe ways that cultural traditions and psychological theorists have supported the concept of gerotranscendence c) gerotranscendence.

d) personal development.

Consider This: Most cultures support the idea that wisdom increases with age.

LO 9.1.3: Describe ways that cultural traditions and psychological theorists have supported the concept of gerotranscendence ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning; Submodule LO 9.1.3: Describe ways that cultural traditions and psychological theorists have supported the concept of gerotranscendence, Topic=Cultures Support Gerotranscendence, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 How does the postformal stage differ from the formal operations stage? a) The postformal stage adds meaning to the logic present in the formal operations stage. b) The postformal stage is a revisiting of youthful dreams, different from the practical essence of the formal operations stage.

Consider This: Riegel (1973) build upon Piaget’s stages of development.

LO 9.1: List reasons for the quest for self-transcendence c) The postformal stage is only applicable in older adulthood, while the formal operation is only applicable in young adulthood.

Consider This: Riegel (1973) build upon Piaget’s stages of development.

LO 9.1: List reasons for the quest for self-transcendence d) The postformal stage examines the ego, while the formal operations stage examines integrity.

Consider This: Riegel (1973) build upon Piaget’s stages of development.

LO 9.1: List reasons for the quest for self-transcendence ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning; Submodule LO 9.1.3: Describe ways that cultural traditions and psychological theorists have supported the concept of gerotranscendence, Topic=Cultures Support Gerotranscendence, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 Caroline, an 89-year-old woman, has recently been told she only has a few months to live. How would you expect her to approach spirituality and religion? a) Increased prayer at home b) Increased church attendance Consider This: Spirituality and religiosity tend to be stable or increase with age.

LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time c) Decreased Bible study at home Consider This: Spirituality and religiosity tend to be stable or increase with age.

LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time d) Exploration of other church services Consider This: Spirituality and religiosity tend to be stable or increase with age.

LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States, Topic=Changes in the Quest for Meaning, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Pete and Evangeline have been married for 30 years. As they both age, how will they likely differ in terms of their spirituality? a) Both Pete and Evangeline will experience increased spirituality, but Evangeline will do it later.

Consider This: There is a general patter with spirituality, but gender plays a role.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States b) Both Pete and Evangeline will experience increased spirituality, but Evangeline will do it earlier. c) Evangeline will increase her spirituality, but Pete will likely decrease his.

Consider This: There is a general patter with spirituality, but gender plays a role.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States d) Both Evangeline and Pete will experience a decrease in spirituality.

Consider This: There is a general patter with spirituality, but gender plays a role.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States, Topic=Spirituality by Gender and Cohort, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Corinne has regularly attended church services her entire life. What is she likely to experience? a)

Increased anxiety Consider This: Religious services have beneficial side effects.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health

b) Decreased longevity Consider This: Religious services have beneficial side effects.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health c) Decreased stress d) Increased cardiovascular disease Consider This: Religious services have beneficial side effects.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health, Topic=Religion, Spirituality, and Health, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 Even though her mother said no, Ellie went ahead and ate a cookie from the cookie jar. Ellie is in the __________ level of moral reasoning. a)

postconventional

Consider This: This stage contains the level that is sometimes referred to as the naïve hedonism orientation.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg b) conventional Consider This: This stage contains the level that is sometimes referred to as the naïve hedonism orientation.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg c) preconventional d) decentering Consider This: This stage contains the level that is sometimes referred to as the naïve hedonism orientation.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.3: Apply theories of spiritual development; Submodule LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg, Topic=Development of Moral Reasoning, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Burke wants a new cell phone, but cannot afford it. He steals one from the local electronics store. Kamau is frustrated with the current economic environment, so he protests at the city capital building. Burke is in the ___________ level of moral reasoning, while Kamau is in the ________ level. a)

postconventional; conventional Consider This: Burke knows the rules and breaks them for himself, while Kamau breaks the rules for a higher reason.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg

b) preconventional; conventional Consider This: Burke knows the rules and breaks them for himself, while Kamau breaks the rules for a higher reason.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg c) preconventional; postconventional Consider This: Burke knows the rules and breaks them for himself, while Kamau breaks the rules for a higher reason.

LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg

d) conventional; postconventional ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.3: Apply theories of spiritual development; Submodule LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg, Topic=Development of Moral Reasoning, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Reshawna, a 78-year-old woman, is heavily involved in charity and believes God placed her on Earth to be in service to others. Reshawna is exemplifying the __________ stage of Fowler’s stages of faith. a)

synthetic-conventional faith Consider This: This stage requires an opening outward from the selfpreoccupation of the individuative reflective level.

LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler

b) individuative-reflective faith Consider This: This stage requires an opening outward from the self-preoccupation of the individuative reflective level.

LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler c) conjunctive faith d) universalizing faith Consider This: This stage requires an opening outward from the self-preoccupation of the individuative reflective level.

LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.3: Apply theories of spiritual development; Submodule LO 9.3.2: Describe how faith changes over time according to Fowler, Topic=Development of Faith, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Gerard has just divorced from his wife, Rose, and is living alone. According to Kegan (1982), what is likely to be next for Gerard? a) Find a connection with other people b) Spend more time by himself Consider This: Kegan (1982) saw life as a pendulum between two desires.

LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan c) Search for a higher meaning and power Consider This: Kegan (1982) saw life as a pendulum between two desires.

LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan d) Continue to the illumination stage Consider This: Kegan (1982) saw life as a pendulum between two desires.

LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality; Submodule LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan, Topic=A Synthesizing Model, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 Following a moment of clarity, Milo realizes he is a flawed individual. He spends a great deal of time in meditation in order to find ways to improve himself. Milo has moved from Underhill’s stage of _________ to a)

purification; illumination.

Consider This: Underhill’s stages of mysticism are a spiral between separateness and awareness.

LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill

b) awakening; purification. c) illumination; awakening.

Consider This: Underhill’s stages of mysticism are a spiral between separateness and awareness.

LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill d) dark night of the soul; purification.

Consider This: Underhill’s stages of mysticism are a spiral between separateness and awareness.

LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill ANS: b

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality; Submodule LO 9.4.2: Outline the stages of mystical experience according to Underhill, Topic=Stages of Mystical Experience, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Following a long illness, Walton’s father finally passes away. This situation is an example of a trigger that may move Walton from a)

conformist to individualistic.

Consider This: Another trigger for this may be self-help workshops.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions

b) Individualistic to integrated. c) integrated to transcendent.

Consider This: Another trigger for this may be self-help workshops.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions d) transcendent to conformist.

Consider This: Another trigger for this may be self-help workshops.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.5: Analyze how individuals develop through transitions; Submodule LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions, Topic=Triggering a Transition, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 One night, after leaving her company’s holiday party, Jordan is involved in a horrific car accident. She is left partially paralyzed, but managed to survive the accident. This circumstance may help move Jordan from a) integrated to transcendent. b) conformist to individualistic.

Consider This: Many adults who experience near-death experiences report their lives are never again the same.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions c) individualistic to integrated.

Consider This: Many adults who experience near-death experiences report their lives are never again the same.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions

d) transcendent to conformist.

Consider This: Many adults who experience near-death experiences report their lives are never again the same.

LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.5: Analyze how individuals develop through transitions; Submodule LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions, Topic=Triggering a Transition, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 Keen’s suggestions of viewing life as a circle or symphony are examples of viewing life through a)

values.

Consider This: Theories of meaning often claim life is a journey.

LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey

b) ideals.

Consider This: Theories of meaning often claim life is a journey.

LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey c) metaphors. d) faith.

Consider This: Theories of meaning often claim life is a journey.

LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.6 Assess common metaphors used to make sense of the development of adult meaning systems; Submodule LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey, Topic=Life as Journey, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 What is a key difference between the theories of meaning, such as Fowler or Underhill, and previous theories mentioned in the book? a)

Theories of meaning are universally accepted.

Consider This: Longitudinal studies can shed light on theories.

LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality b) Theories of meaning lack empirical data. c) Theories of meaning are founded in Freud.

Consider This: Longitudinal studies can shed light on theories.

LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality d) Theories of meaning are applicable only if there are triggers.

Consider This: Longitudinal studies can shed light on theories.

LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality, Topic=Integrating Meaning and Personality, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 26 June’s sister has recently died, unexpectedly. June is since grappling with issues surrounding the “after life” and feels disoriented and a bit anxious because she is unsure of where her faith lies. A transition theorist would say June is experiencing a) premonitions of another stage.

Consider This: Disequilibrium can be uncomfortable.

LO 9.5.1: Describe transition theory b) the middle of the transition from one stage to the next. c) equilibrium at the end of a transition.

Consider This: Disequilibrium can be uncomfortable.

LO 9.5.1: Describe transition theory d) a shared experience that does not trigger transformation.

Consider This: Disequilibrium can be uncomfortable.

LO 9.5.1: Describe transition theory ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.5: Analyze how individuals develop through transitions; Submodule LO 9.5.1: Describe transition theory, Topic=Transition Theory, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 27 Religious participation in the United States is _______ most countries in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Latin America but _______ most countries in Europe. a) higher than; lower than Consider This: Religiosity tends to be lower in developed countries.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States b) lower than; the same as Consider This: Religiosity tends to be lower in developed countries.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States c) higher than; the same as Consider This: Disequilibrium can be uncomfortable.

LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States d) lower than; higher than ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States, Topic=Changes in the Quest for Meaning, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 28 What percent of people in the United States say they believe in God? a) 20% Consider This: The number is quite high.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning b) 50% Consider This: The number is quite high.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning c) 80% d) 90% Consider This: The number is quite high.

LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning, Topic=Why We Study the Quest for Meaning, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 29 The relationship between religious beliefs and _______ remains even after taking into account socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and specific practices. a) wealth Consider This: Religion may serve as a protective factor in this regard.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health b) age Consider This: Religion may serve as a protective factor in this regard.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health

c) mental health d) longevity Consider This: Religion may serve as a protective factor in this regard.

LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 9.2: Analyze how interaction with meaning systems changes over time; Submodule LO 9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health, Topic=Religion, Spirituality, and Health, Difficulty=Easy Essay

SA Question 30 Compare and contrast the three reasons to explore the quest for meaning.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.1: Explain why we study the search for meaning, Topic=Why We Study the Quest for Meaning, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 How do men and women differ in terms of their spirituality? How do both genders change with regards to their spirituality as they age? Why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.2.1: Describe changes in spirituality over time in the United States, Topic=Changes in the Quest for Meaning, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 32 Analyze the three levels of moral reasoning. Why do you think Kohlberg believed few people reached the third level?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.3.1: Outline the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg, Topic=Development of Moral Reasoning, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 33 Apply Kegan’s conflicting desires to your own life’s journey thus far. What do you predict will happen next, and why?

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.4.1: Explain the relationship between connection and independence according to Kegan, Topic=A Synthesizing Model, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 34 Critique the claim that life is a journey. What other metaphors better describe life, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 9.6.1: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the idea of life as journey, Topic=Life as Journey, Difficulty=Difficult

SA Question 35 Describe the transition process, as emphasized by Kegan. What are the psychological symptoms that accompany it?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.5.1: Describe transition theory, Topic=Transition Theory, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 36 Using a folktale or a fairy tale, examine the themes of gerotranscendence. How do Bjorklund’s three reasons to explore self-transcendence appear within cultural wisdom?

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 9.1.3: Describe ways that cultural traditions and psychological theorists have supported the concept of gerotranscendence, Topic=Cultures Support Gerotranscendence, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 37 Spirituality and religiosity have been shown to have health benefits. Examine the reasons why and predict how you think the Millennials and Gen X-ers will approach spirituality as they age compared to the baby boomers. Defend your reasoning with the text.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=9.2.2: Relate spirituality to health, Topic=Religion, Spirituality, and Health, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 38 Evaluate the four stages of Fowler’s stages of faith described in the chapter. How do you predict you will proceed through these four stages, and why? Do you agree with Fowler’s assessment that these stages must be reached in order, and why or why not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 9.3: Apply theories of spiritual development, Topic=Theories of Spiritual Development, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 39 Compare and contrast Kegan’s conflicting desires and Underhill’s stages of mysticism. In what ways are they similar and dissimilar, and how can they work together?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 9.4: Compare theories of meaning and personality, Topic=Integrating Meaning and Personality, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 40 Evaluate the role triggers play in the transition processes of faith and equilibrium. What sorts of triggers exist, and why may they cause a transition?

Why would they possibly not cause a transition?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 9.5.2: Explain how stimuli may trigger transitions, Topic=Triggering a Transition, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch10 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 What is the antidote for stress? a) Coping b) Sleeping Consider This: These consist of a variety of responses.

LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress c) Working Consider This: These consist of a variety of responses.

LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress. d) Attaching Consider This: These consist of a variety of responses.

LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress, Topic=Stress, Stressors, and Stress Reactions, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 The alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion comprise which system? a) Fight-or-flight Consider This: Selye first coined this process, arguing that after the exhaustion stage, no one ever quite returns to normal.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress b) Life-change events Consider This: Selye first coined this process, arguing that after the exhaustion stage, no one ever quite returns to normal.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress c) Stimulus-oriented viewpoint

Consider This: Selye first coined this process, arguing that after the exhaustion stage, no one ever quite returns to normal.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress d) General adaptation syndrome

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress, Topic=Stressors and Stress Reactions, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 What is characteristic of chronic life strains? a)

They are gender-based.

Consider This: Some types of life strain never end.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress

b) They are abrupt.

Consider This: Some types of life strain never end.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress c) They have a distinct end.

Consider This: Some types of life strain never end.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress d) They are continuous.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 What did Almeida (2005) suggest about daily stressors? a) They build up to negatively affect us. b) They are more easily managed.

Consider This: Daily stressors have a cumulative effect.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress

c) They are not as harmful as major life stressors.

Consider This: Daily stressors have a cumulative effect.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress d) They are only associated with work.

Consider This: Daily stressors have a cumulative effect.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 A longitudinal study of women in Finland found that stress led to a higher incidence of which disease? a) Diabetes Consider This: This disease affects more women than men.

LO 10.2.1: Describe links between stress and disease b) Cardiovascular disease Consider This: This disease affects more women than men.

LO 10.2.1: Describe links between stress and disease c) Breast cancer d) Stroke Consider This: This disease affects more women than men.

LO 10.2.1: Describe links between stress and disease ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.1: Describe links between stress and disease, Topic=Physical Disease, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 What is the most important thing mental health providers can do for those who are exposed to a traumatic event? a)

Help people forget the event

Consider This: Feelings of connectedness can help reduce PTSD. LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders b) Promote feelings of safety c) Isolate the victim Consider This: Feelings of connectedness can help reduce PTSD. LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders d) Punish any offenders Consider This: Feelings of connectedness can help reduce PTSD. LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders, Topic=Mental Health Disorders, Difficulty=Easy,

M/C Question 7 Self-distraction and denial are two forms of a) coping. b) stress.

Consider This: There are many ways people can handle events.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors c) stressors.

Consider This: There are many ways people can handle events.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors d) traits.

Consider This: There are many ways people can handle events.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors, Topic=Coping with Stress, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 Affect, affirmation, and aid are sources of a) social support. b) coping.

Consider This: Our networks can help us through difficult times.

LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes c) stress.

Consider This: Our networks can help us through difficult times.

LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes d) chronic strain.

Consider This: Our networks can help us through difficult times.

LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes, Topic=Social Support, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 What is the most common outcome of stressful events? a) Cancer Consider This: People often find ways to cope with stress.

LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions b) PTSD Consider This: People often find ways to cope with stress.

LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions c) Resilience d) Depression Consider This: People often find ways to cope with stress.

LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions, Topic=Resilience, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 People who believe that there is meaning in life and that they have some control of their lives are exhibiting the factor of a) perceived control. b) self-identity.

Consider This: People who demonstrate this factor approach problems with confidence.

LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience c) positive emotion.

Consider This: People who demonstrate this factor approach problems with confidence.

LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience d) extraversion.

Consider This: People who demonstrate this factor approach problems with confidence.

LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions; Submodule LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience, Topic=Personality Traits and Resilience, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Jason works as a high school principal and has been handling the stressful job of administering the mandatory standardized state testing for the past three months. What should Jason be aware might happen according to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome? a)

Resistance Consider This: This response to stress occurs after sustained stress.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress

b) Alarm reaction Consider This: This response to stress occurs after sustained stress.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress c) Exhaustion d) Natural immunity Consider This: This response to stress occurs after sustained stress.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress

ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress, Topic=Stressors and Stress Reactions, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 What is a key difference between Selye’s general adaptation syndrome and Holmes and Rahe’s life-change events? a) Selye only studied men’s responses to stress, while Holmes and Rahe studied both men’s and women’s responses to stress.

Consider This: Selye identified three reactions, and Holmes and Rahe developed a scale for life events.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress b) Selye looked at conflicting immunological responses, while Holmes and Rahe looked at fight-or-flight responses.

Consider This: Selye identified three reactions, and Holmes and Rahe developed a scale for life events.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress c) Selye used an evolutionary perspective, while Holmes and Rahe used a genetic perspective.

Consider This: Selye identified three reactions, and Holmes and Rahe developed a scale for life events.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress d) Selye looked at the body’s response to stress, while Holmes and Rahe looked at the stressors themselves.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress, Topic=Stressors and Stress Reactions, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 Linda’s boss knocks on her door, saying he needs to speak to her about a performance concern. Her heart rate accelerates, and she feels flushed and nervous. This situation is an example of a)

natural immunological reaction.

Consider This: This is often known as fight-or-flight.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress

b) exhaustion.

Consider This: This is often known as fight-or-flight.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress c) the alarm reaction. d) resistance.

Consider This: This is often known as fight-or-flight.

LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress, Topic=Stressors and Stress Reactions, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 Steve works at a warehouse and is continuously told to work faster, produce more, and to be careful. He has little control of his work situation, as others affect what he does and does not do. This situation is an example of work a) strain. b) stress.

Consider This: This occurs when a worker has high demands, but little control.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress c) events.

Consider This: This occurs when a worker has high demands, but little control.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress d) expectations.

Consider This: This occurs when a worker has high demands, but little control.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Tammy has a child with autism who struggles daily to communicate and often becomes angry. Miguel is a tax accountant who is under a deadline to file 50 returns by April 15. Tammy has ______________, while Miguel has ________. a)

major life events; short-term life events Consider This: Tammy’s stress is ongoing, while Miguel’s has a finite date and a sense of accomplishment.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress

b) short-term life events; work stress Consider This: Tammy’s stress is ongoing, while Miguel’s has a finite date and a sense of accomplishment.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress c) chronic life strain; short-term life events d) chronic life strain; work stress Consider This: Tammy’s stress is ongoing, while Miguel’s has a finite date and a sense of accomplishment.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 Which of the following is an example of what constitutes the majority of daily stressors? a) D’Shawn procrastinated on his final calculus project and now must stay up all night.

Consider This: Sometimes, those we count on the most can also cause us the most stress.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress b) Usha is given a new work project that is due early next week.

Consider This: Sometimes, those we count on the most can also cause us the most stress.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress c) Sally and Al have an argument over how to punish their child. d) Brady finds out he might have cancer.

Consider This: Sometimes, those we count on the most can also cause us the most stress.

LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 Tori breaks up with her long-term boyfriend, William. What should her friends do to ensure Tori has a lower chance of mental health problems due to the stressor? a) Reduce the number of other stressors in her life.

Consider This: Factors other than the stressor itself can indicate the potential for mental health problems.

LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders b) Ensure this is the only breakup she has.

Consider This: Factors other than the stressor itself can indicate the potential for mental health problems.

LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders c) Watch how Tori reacts to the breakup. d) Remind her there are other “fish in the sea.”

Consider This: Factors other than the stressor itself can indicate the potential for mental health problems.

LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.2: Summarize ways that stress can lead to mental health disorders, Topic=Mental Health Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 What is a key difference between men and women in terms of stress? a)

Women are more likely to be stressed about daily activities.

Consider This: Women are more plugged into social networks than men.

LO 10.2.3: Identify factors that impact individual stress outcomes b) Women are more likely to be stressed about money.

Consider This: Women are more plugged into social networks than men.

LO 10.2.3: Identify factors that impact individual stress outcomes c) Women are more likely to be stressed about work.

Consider This: Women are more plugged into social networks than men.

LO 10.2.3: Identify factors that impact individual stress outcomes d) Women are more likely to be stressed about how others view them.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.3: Identify factors that impact individual stress outcomes, Topic=Individual Differences in Stress-Related Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Carl served his country in World War II and fought in several key battles. When Carl reflects on his service, what is he likely to say? a) “I feel wiser because I served.” b) “I feel more stressed because I served.”

Consider This: Not all reactions to stress are negative.

LO 10.4.3: Explain how positive psychology is used to build resilience in military veterans c) “I feel more isolated because I served.”

Consider This: Not all reactions to stress are negative.

LO 10.4.3: Explain how positive psychology is used to build resilience in military veterans d) “I feel more ill because I served.”

Consider This: Not all reactions to stress are negative.

LO 10.4.3: Explain how positive psychology is used to build resilience in military veterans ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions; Submodule LO 10.4.3: Explain how positive psychology is used to build resilience in military veterans, Topic=Effects of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate,

M/C Question 20 Susan hears there is a chance she will be laid off next week. She feels so stressed out, she goes out for a 7-mile run. This situation is an example __________-focused coping. a) emotion b) meaning Consider This: The rush of endorphins from a run can help people feel better.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors c) problem Consider This: The rush of endorphins from a run can help people feel better.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors d) social Consider This: The rush of endorphins from a run can help people feel better.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors, Topic=Types of Coping Behaviors, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 When studying the relationship between stress and health problems, which confound is important to control for? a) Individual differences in personality and resilience Consider This: Some circumstances contribute to both stress and poor health LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes b) Objective measures of stress Consider This: Some circumstances contribute to both stress and poor health LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes c) Common factors, like poverty d) Stress may lead to increases in healthy behaviors.

Consider This: Some circumstances contribute to both stress and poor health LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes

ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes, Topic=Effects of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Sara has just been diagnosed with breast cancer. What personality trait will help her best cope with this diagnosis? a)

Extraversion Consider This: Having an external locus of control can act as a buffer against stress.

LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience

b) Optimism c) Agreeableness Consider This: Having an external locus of control can act as a buffer against stress.

LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience d) Introversion Consider This: Having an external locus of control can act as a buffer against stress.

LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions; Submodule LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience, Topic=Personality Traits and Resilience, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 The activities director at a local college decides to make therapy mandatory for all students who report any type of assault. What do you see as an outcome of this mandatory therapy, and why? a) Mandatory therapy may impede the victims’ recovery because the majority of people are resilient.

b) Mandatory therapy will likely accelerate the victims’ recovery because it will force people to deal with repressed emotions.

Consider This: Most people can overcome traumatic experiences with time.

LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience c) Mandatory therapy will likely improve the victims’ recovery because it will reduce the effects of PTSD. Consider This: Most people can overcome traumatic experiences with time.

LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience d) Mandatory therapy will likely reduce the victims’ recovery because it will create PTSD. Consider This: Most people can overcome traumatic experiences with time.

LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience ANS: a Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions; Submodule LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience, Topic=Reactions to Trauma, Difficulty=Difficult

M/C Question 24 When Celina’s grandmother passes away, Celina remembers the time her grandmother lost her keys in the freezer and shares the funny story with her family. Celina is exemplifying which factor that can contribute to resiliency? a) Hardiness Consider This: Laughter can indicate a higher level of resiliency to stress.

LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience b) Self-identity Consider This: Laughter can indicate a higher level of resiliency to stress.

LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience c) Extraversion Consider This: Laughter can indicate a higher level of resiliency to stress.

LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience d) ANS: d

Positive emotion

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions; Submodule LO 10.4.1: Relate trauma reactions to resilience, Topic=Reactions to Trauma, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Positive changes that often follow stressful life events are considered a) resilience.

Consider This: People in dire circumstances later report increased self-efficacy, stronger relationships, and prosocial reactions.

LO 10.2.4: Explain how stress can lead to growth b) resistance resources.

Consider This: People in dire circumstances later report increased self-efficacy, stronger relationships, and prosocial reactions.

LO 10.2.4: Explain how stress can lead to growth c) stress-related growth. d) problem-focused coping.

Consider This: People in dire circumstances later report increased self-efficacy, stronger relationships, and prosocial reactions.

LO 10.2.4: Explain how stress can lead to growth ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.4: Explain how stress can lead to growth, Topic=Stress-Related Growth, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 26 The ability to use a variety of coping skills is known as _______________, whereas the ability to match the appropriate coping skill to the situation at hand is ____________. a) goodness of fit; coping flexibility Consider This: Coping involves having a variety of tools available and selecting the appropriate one for the task.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors b) coping flexibility; buffering effect Consider This: Coping involves having a variety of tools available and selecting the appropriate one for the task.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors c) meaning-focused coping; problem-focused coping Consider This: Coping involves having a variety of tools available and selecting the appropriate one for the task.

LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors d) coping flexibility; goodness of fit

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors, Topic=Types of Coping Behaviors, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 27 When studying the role of social support for gay men facing minority stress, Fingerhut (2018) found that those with stronger support from _________ had less negative affect overall. a) friends b) family Consider This: Some types of social support have a particular buffering effect.

LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes c) the gay community Consider This: Some types of social support have a particular buffering effect.

LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes d) religious organizations Consider This: Some types of social support have a particular buffering effect.

LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes ANS a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.2: Relate social support to stress outcomes, Topic Social Support, Difficulty=Easy Essay

SA Question 28 Examine the physical responses people have in response to stress. Why is it so important to control stress?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.1: Describe links between stress and disease, Topic=Physical Disease, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Compare and contrast the sources of stress that constitute short-term life events versus chronic life strains. Which one do you think is more serious, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Difficult

SA Question 30 Analyze how stress can negatively impact people physically and emotionally. How can people proactively reduce these effects, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes, Topic=Effects of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 Examine how personality traits can affect the ways people cope with stress.

Which traits are most effective at coping, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors, Topic=Types of Coping Behaviors, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 32 Analyze the traits that contribute to resiliency. How can people foster these traits, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions; Submodule LO 10.4.2: Identify personality traits associated with resilience, Topic=Personality Traits and Resilience, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 33 Describe gender differences in experiences of trauma and subsequent PTSD response.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.3: Identify factors that impact individual stress outcomes, Topic=Individual Differences in Stress-Related Disorders, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 34 Compare and contrast Selye’s general adaptation syndrome and Holmes and Rahe’s life-change events. How could these two approaches work in conjunction?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.1: Compare theoretical explanations of stress, Topic=Stressors and Stress Reactions, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 35 Examine the impact daily stressors have on individuals. What individual characteristics affect the impact of these daily stressors, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.1: Determine the origins of stress; Submodule LO 10.1.2: Differentiate types of stress, Topic=Types of Stress, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 36 You overhear your friend say, “What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger.” Critique or defend this statement, supporting your ideas with information from the chapter.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress, Topic=Coping with Stress, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Assume you are facing your course finals and you are stressed about your performance. Evaluate the types of coping and decide which ways will be best for you to cope with this stress, and why.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 10.3: Evaluate coping techniques for stress; Submodule LO 10.3.1: Compare coping behaviors, Topic=Types of Coping Behaviors, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 38 A military branch decides to make therapy mandatory for all of its soldiers who return from battle. Critique this policy and defend your reasoning with evidence from the text.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 10.4: Analyze how resilience functions, Topic=Resilience, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 39 Define perceived discrimination and human social genomics. What is the relationship between the two? Specifically, what does research show regarding the impact of social experiences and gene expression?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 10.2: Relate stress to health outcomes; Submodule LO 10.2.3: Identify factors that impact individual stress outcomes, Topic=Environment–Gene Interactions, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch11 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 The idea that people have until death to finish their to-do lists is part of which meaning of death? a)

Death as transition Consider This: Middle age tends to mark the beginning of this meaning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death

b) Death as punishment Consider This: Middle age tends to mark the beginning of this meaning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death

c) Death as an organizer of time d) Death as loss Consider This: Middle age tends to mark the beginning of this meaning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death, Topic=Meanings of Death, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 The idea that a long life is the reward for being good is part of the meaning of death as a)

transition.

Consider This: This meaning may be interpreted as part of Kohlberg’s Stage 1 of moral reasoning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death

b) an organizer of time.

Consider This: This meaning may be interpreted as part of Kohlberg’s Stage 1 of moral reasoning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death c) loss.

Consider This: This meaning may be interpreted as part of Kohlberg’s Stage 1 of moral reasoning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death d) punishment.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death, Topic=Meanings of Death, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 Death anxiety is greatly linked to the meaning of death as a) loss. b) an organizer of time.

Consider This: People often fear death.

LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety c) punishment.

Consider This: People often fear death.

LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety d) transition.

Consider This: People often fear death.

LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety, Topic=Death Anxiety, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 What is Kübler-Ross’s final stage of dying? a)

Anger Consider This: At the end, people may feel ready to die.

LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death

b) Denial Consider This: At the end, people may feel ready to die.

LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death c) Acceptance d) Depression Consider This: At the end, people may feel ready to die.

LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death, Topic=Stages of Reactions to Death, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 Gifts, including money or last conversations, are an important aspect of a)

acceptance.

Consider This: This process is a significant feature for those who are dying and for their loved ones.

LO 11.2.2: Explain why farewells are important in the dying process b) denial.

Consider This: This process is a significant feature for those who are dying and for their loved ones.

LO 11.2.2: Explain why farewells are important in the dying process c) saying farewell. d) adaptation.

Consider This: This process is a significant feature for those who are dying and for their loved ones.

LO 11.2.2: Explain why farewells are important in the dying process ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.2: Explain why farewells are important in the dying process, Topic=The Importance of Farewells, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 Which two reactions to a cancer diagnosis lead to better health outcomes? a) Denial and fighting spirit b) Fatalism and helplessness Consider This: These two adaptations to a diagnosis indicate the desire to live.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death c) Anxious preoccupation and denial Consider This: These two adaptations to a diagnosis indicate the desire to live.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death d) Fighting spirit and fatalism Consider This: These two adaptations to a diagnosis indicate the desire to live.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death, Topic=The Process of Death, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 The symbolic rites and rituals associated with death are known as a) farewells.

Consider This: All cultures participate in these.

LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement b) ritual mourning. c) adaptations.

Consider This: All cultures participate in these.

LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement d) religiosity.

Consider This: All cultures participate in these.

LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement, Topic=Funerals and Ceremonies, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 8 What is the result of grief work? a) The bereaved adjust to the loss and resume their lives. b) The bereaved remain in mourning.

Consider This: Working through various stages helps people cope with loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve c) The bereaved forget their loss.

Consider This: Working through various stages helps people cope with loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve d) The bereaved repeat the stages of grieving.

Consider This: Working through various stages helps people cope with loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve ANS: a

Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve, Topic=The Process of Grieving, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 Our understanding of death not only affects our process of dying, but also how we choose to a)

say farewell.

Consider This: Death shapes our existence.

LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement

b) be remembered.

Consider This: Death shapes our existence.

LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement c) live. d) die with dignity.

Consider This: Death shapes our existence.

LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement, Topic=Summary: Death and Bereavement, Difficulty=Easy,

M/C Question 10 Which coping strategy is known to reduce risk of recurrent heart attack? a) Task-oriented b) Emotion-oriented Consider This: Thinking about the situation in a more productive way be bring about lifestyle changes.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death c) Avoidant Consider This: Thinking about the situation in a more productive way be bring about lifestyle changes.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death d) Fighting spirit

Consider This: Thinking about the situation in a more productive way be bring about lifestyle changes.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death, Topic=Individual Adaptations to Dying, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 What is a key difference in how young adults and older adults experience the meaning of death as loss? a) Young adults see death as the loss of reward; older adults see death as the loss of pain.

Consider This: Death signifies the end of things for people.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death b) Young adults see death as the loss of the body; older adults see death as the loss of the current life.

Consider This: Death signifies the end of things for people.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death c) Young adults see death as the loss of the opportunity to do things; older adults see death as the loss of the opportunity to complete an inner work. d) Young adults see death as the loss of time; older adults see death as the loss of organization.

Consider This: Death signifies the end of things for people.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death, Topic=Meanings of Death, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Who of the following is likely to have the biggest fear of death? a) Paula, a 42-year-old woman b) Edward, an 89-year-old man Consider This: Age and gender play a role in death anxiety.

LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety

c) Princess, a 23-year-old woman Consider This: Age and gender play a role in death anxiety.

LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety d) Sam, a 39-year-old man Consider This: Age and gender play a role in death anxiety.

LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety, Topic=Death Anxiety, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 13 On his deathbed, Charles says he is happy to see his Savior. Charles is seeing death as a) an organizer of time.

Consider This: The majority of adults believe in some sort of consciousness after death.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death b) transition. c) punishment.

Consider This: The majority of adults believe in some sort of consciousness after death.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death d) loss.

Consider This: The majority of adults believe in some sort of consciousness after death.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death, Topic=Meanings of Death, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 When Margaret is around her family, she shares her favorite memories and reminisces about the past. Her reminiscing is part of

a)

death as transition.

Consider This: Adults prepare for death in a variety of ways.

LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance

b) death anxiety.

Consider This: Adults prepare for death in a variety of ways.

LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance c) finitude. d) purpose.

Consider This: Adults prepare for death in a variety of ways.

LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance, Topic=Accepting the Reality of One’s Eventual Death, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 When given the diagnosis of terminal lung cancer, Polly’s reaction is shock. She loudly proclaims, “This has to be a mistake. I’ve never smoked a day in my life!”

Polly is exemplifying the _______ stage of dying. a)

acceptance Consider This: This stage is usually the first stage for those who are dying.

LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death

b) denial c) bargaining Consider This: This stage is usually the first stage for those who are dying.

LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death d) depression Consider This: This stage is usually the first stage for those who are dying.

LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death ANS: b

Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death, Topic=Stages of Reactions to Death, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 When presented with the news that her breast cancer has mutated, Beth’s response is stoic. She accepts the news and agrees to the treatment her physician suggests without question. The physician considers Beth to be a good patient. What is a more likely outcome for Beth compared to a patient who becomes angry and fights the standard treatment? a) Slightly shorter life expectancy Consider This: Denial and fighting spirit have been shown to be stronger indicators for longer life expectancies.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death b) Longer life expectancy Consider This: Denial and fighting spirit have been shown to be stronger indicators for longer life expectancies.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death c) The same life expectancy Consider This: Denial and fighting spirit have been shown to be stronger indicators for longer life expectancies.

LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death d) Shorter life expectancy ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.3: Relate diagnosis pessimism to death, Topic=Individual Adaptations to Dying, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 Darcy’s father has been told he has approximately four months to live. Darcy wants to ensure her father experiences the “good death.” Which of the following would be the best option for her to pursue? a) Place her father in a nursing home that also cares for other illnesses.

Consider This: The vast majority of people wish to die at home, and there are options to aid in the “good death.”

LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings b) Place her father in a hospital with the best physicians.

Consider This: The vast majority of people wish to die at home, and there are options to aid in the “good death.”

LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings c) Move her father home with her and take a leave from work to care for him.

Consider This: The vast majority of people wish to die at home, and there are options to aid in the “good death.”

LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings d) Keep her father at home with her, employing the use of hospice care workers.

ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings, Topic=Choosing Where to Die, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Who of the following terminal cancer patients would be most likely to use physician-assisted suicide? a)

Molara, an insured Hispanic woman who has remained active Consider This: Studies reveal that people who pursue physician-assisted suicide have experienced a loss of autonomy.

LO 11.2.5: Analyze values and options in choosing the time of death

b) Eve, an insured African American woman with a strong support system Consider This: Studies reveal that people who pursue physicianassisted suicide have experienced a loss of autonomy.

LO 11.2.5: Analyze values and options in choosing the time of death c) Ian, an uninsured Asian man who has trouble breathing Consider This: Studies reveal that people who pursue physicianassisted suicide have experienced a loss of autonomy.

LO 11.2.5: Analyze values and options in choosing the time of death d) Lukas, an insured white man who experiences a great deal of pain.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.5: Analyze values and options in choosing the time of death, Topic=Choosing When to Die, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 After Anna’s father passes away, she sits shiva with her mother and two brothers. What function does this ritual play in the mourning process? a) Develops a sense of identity Consider This: Mourning rituals help provide shape to the hours and days following a death.

LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement b) Provides a role to play immediately after a loss c) Enables people to forget their losses Consider This: Mourning rituals help provide shape to the hours and days following a death.

LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement d) Offers opportunities to employ stages of dying Consider This: Mourning rituals help provide shape to the hours and days following a death.

LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement, Topic=Funerals and Ceremonies, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 What is a key similarity between the great diversity of mourning rituals found in the United States? a) They all require people to wear black as a sign of mourning.

Consider This: Mourning rituals, no matter their foundations, all help people through the loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve b) They all believe in an afterlife.

Consider This: Mourning rituals, no matter their foundations, all help people through the loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve c) They all require a ceremonial burial. d) They all enable people to say their tributes to those they have lost.

Consider This: Mourning rituals, no matter their foundations, all help people through the loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve, Topic=The Process of Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 Melina had been the caregiver for her husband, who was suffering from prostate cancer. Now that 18 months has passed, what is likely to be her mental state? a)

Chronic depression Consider This: While loss can be difficult, the majority of people will handle it well.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve

b) Resilience c) Chronic grief Consider This: While loss can be difficult, the majority of people will handle it well.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve d) Common grief Consider This: While loss can be difficult, the majority of people will handle it well.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve, Topic=The Process of Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Following the loss of his longtime partner, Miguel, Tomas has worked his way through Bowlby’s stages of mourning. What should he expect at this point? a) A reorganization of his life Consider This: People need to reshape their lives after a loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve

b)

A disorganized life Consider This: People need to reshape their lives after a loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve

c) A yearning for his lost partner Consider This: People need to reshape their lives after a loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve d) A numbness to the pain ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve, Topic=The Process of Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 What is a key similarity between Kübler-Ross’s approach to death and Bowlby’s approach to mourning? a)

They are both flexible ways to approach death and mourning.

Consider This: Both of these theories look at death and mourning as pathways.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve

b) They are both stages that cannot be skipped around. c) They are both ritualistic approaches to death and mourning.

Consider This: Both of these theories look at death and mourning as pathways.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve d) They are both culturally affected.

Consider This: Both of these theories look at death and mourning as pathways.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve, Topic=The Process of Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 At the funeral of their father, both Abby and Palmer share stories of his successes

as a father, husband, and teacher. By giving his life value, what is the likely result? a)

Anger at his death Consider This: Mourning rituals help the bereaved through the loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve

b) Denial of his death Consider This: Mourning rituals help the bereaved through the loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve c) Acceptance of his death d) Numbness at his death Consider This: Mourning rituals help the bereaved through the loss.

LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve ANS: c Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.2: Describe the various ways people grieve, Topic=The Process of Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 A student is distraught to be studying death in his development class. His teacher tells him it is important to define death because by doing so, we also define a)

dying.

Consider This: Through death, we also develop meaning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death

b) mourning.

Consider This: Through death, we also develop meaning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death c) life. d) ceremonies.

Consider This: Through death, we also develop meaning.

LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death, Topic=Meanings of Death, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 26 Which of the following is an example of how one might engage dementia patients in reminiscence? a) Increasing access to religious practices Consider This: Writing a memoir helps patients accept death more calmly.

LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance b) Asking them to be an organ donor Consider This: Writing a memoir helps patients accept death more calmly.

LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance c) Showing pictures of old cars d) Helping them write a living will Consider This: Writing a memoir helps patients accept death more calmly.

LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.3: Describe ways that people signal death acceptance, Topic=Accepting the Reality of One’s Eventual Death, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 27 The majority of adults prefer to die _________ but actually die _________. a) in hospitals; in nursing homes Consider This: Having a spouse or partner at home is one factor that influences this outcome.

LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings b) at home; in hospitals c) in nursing homes; at home Consider This: Having a spouse or partner at home is one factor that influences this outcome.

LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings d) in nursing homes; in hospitals Consider This: Having a spouse or partner at home is one factor that influences this outcome.

LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings, Topic=Choosing Where to Die, Difficulty=Moderate Essay

SA Question 28 Compare and contrast the four meanings of death. Why does a person have all four in his or her meaning system?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.1.1: Compare interpretations of the meaning of death, Topic=Meanings of Death, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Analyze the factors that contribute to death anxiety. Who is more likely to be anxious about death, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; 11.1.2: Identify factors related to death anxiety, Topic=Death Anxiety, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Distinguish between the stages of dying. How are these stages related to a “good death,” and do you think people need to experience all five stages? Why or why not?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems; Submodule LO 11.2.1: Outline the stages of reactions to death, Topic=The Process of Death, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 31 Analyze the importance of the mourning rituals for the bereaved.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO Analyze practices associated with bereavement; Submodule LO 11.3.1: Explain the role of ritual in bereavement, Topic=Rituals and Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 32 Analyze the importance of understanding the inevitability of death.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement, Topic=Rituals and Grieving, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 33 What is finitude, and how can it alleviate death anxiety? How are meanings of death related to anxiety and to finitude, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 11.1: Analyze how death changes social systems, Topic=Understanding of Death, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Evaluate the concept of a “good death.” How can people help their loved ones experience a good death? Why is it important, and what options exist for those who are terminally ill?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death; Submodule LO 11.2.4: Compare experiences of dying in different settings, Topic=The Process of Death, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 35 Examine the connection between the importance of farewells and the five stages of dying. How can people help their loved ones say farewell?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death, Topic=The Process of Death, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 36 Following the death of her husband, Michelle’s friends suggest she needs to go through the stages of mourning. Critique or defend this claim. How is mourning individualized, and what is the most likely outcome of a loss, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement, Topic=Rituals and Grieving, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Evaluate the link between death rituals and the process of grieving. Why are death rituals so important, and how can they help people through the process of loss?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement, Topic=Rituals and Grieving, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 38 Explore the proposal that there is a purpose to one’s final days prior to death.

Using what you have learned in the text, how does this attitude relate to assisted suicide, the grieving process, and the concept of a “good death”?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 11.2: Evaluate the ways individuals adapt to death, Topic=The Process of Death, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 39 Compare and contrast funeral rituals and practices among U.S. Cultural Groups.

What are common to all of them? What are the greatest distinctions? How might differences in practices influence one’s process of grieving?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 11.3: Analyze practices associated with bereavement, Topic=Rituals and Grieving, Difficulty=Difficult

Bjorklund_TB_Ch12 Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1 The physical and cognitive changes people experience as they age are

a)

cultural.

Consider This: These changes are developmental.

LO 12.1 Summarize major themes in adult development

b) maturational. c) psychological.

Consider This: These changes are developmental.

LO 12.1 Summarize major themes in adult development d) flexible.

Consider This: These changes are developmental.

LO 12.1 Summarize major themes in adult development ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.1 Summarize major themes in adult development, Topic=Themes of Adulthood Development, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2 The newer distinct group of emerging adults is due to a) slower cognitive maturation.

Consider This: It has become more acceptable for people to explore this time of their lives.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults b) new physical developments.

Consider This: It has become more acceptable for people to explore this time of their lives.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults c) a lack of cultural guidelines.

Consider This: It has become more acceptable for people to explore this time of their lives.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults d) a delayed movement into adulthood.

ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults, Topic=Emerging Adulthood (Ages 18 to 24), Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3 Which developmental stage brings with it the most changes and the most demands? a) Young adulthood b) Middle adulthood Consider This: During this period, people find jobs, partners, become parents, and many other roles.

LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39 c) Emerging adulthood Consider This: During this period, people find jobs, partners, become parents, and many other roles.

LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39 d) Older adulthood Consider This: During this period, people find jobs, partners, become parents, and many other roles.

LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39 ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39, Topic=Young Adulthood (Ages 25 to 39), Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4 The first signs of physical aging, such as wrinkles, appear during which developmental stage? a)

Young adulthood Consider This: These early stages of aging are not accompanied by a great deal of functional loss.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood

b) Middle adulthood c) Older adulthood Consider This: These early stages of aging are not accompanied by a great deal of functional loss.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood d) Late adulthood

Consider This: These early stages of aging are not accompanied by a great deal of functional loss.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood, Topic=Middle Adulthood (Ages 40 to 64), Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5 Scientific evidence supports which of the following claims regarding exercise in adulthood? a) Some physical activity is better than none. b) Cognitive training in a controlled setting leads to improvement in everyday memory tasks.

Consider This: Adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow.

LO 12.4.1: Relate physical and mental exercise to successful aging c) Casual gaming improves cognitive abilities in older adults.

Consider This: Adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow.

LO 12.4.1: Relate physical and mental exercise to successful aging d) Exercising more than 150 minutes per week increases risk of heart attack.

Consider This: Adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow.

LO 12.4.1: Relate physical and mental exercise to successful aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.4: Determine the elements of successful aging; Submodule LO 12.4.1: Relate physical and mental exercise to successful aging, Topic=Physical and Mental Exercise, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6 What is the biggest predictor for quality of life for adults under age 65? a)

Gender Consider This: Access to resources affects quality of life.

LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life

b) Health Consider This: Access to resources affects quality of life.

LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life c) Age Consider This: Access to resources affects quality of life.

LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life d) Socioeconomic status ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life, Topic=Individual Differences in Quality of Life, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7 How is age related to quality of life? a) Quality of life increases with age. b) Quality of life decreases with age.

Consider This: Expertise and wisdom grow with age.

LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life c) Quality of life fluctuates with age.

Consider This: Expertise and wisdom grow with age.

LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life d) Quality of life is unrelated to age.

Consider This: Expertise and wisdom grow with age.

LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life, Topic=Individual Differences in Quality of Life, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 8 Older adults’ scores on cognitive tests improve relative to the number of a) social roles they have. b) hours they work.

Consider This: This association holds especially for later adulthood.

LO 12.4.2: Explain the role of social engagement on successful aging

c) advanced degrees they hold.

Consider This: This association may be related to a higher socioeconomic status.

LO 12.4.2: Explain the role of social engagement on successful aging d) biological children they have.

Consider This: This association may be related to a higher socioeconomic status.

LO 12.4.2: Explain the role of social engagement on successful aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.4: Determine the elements of successful aging; Submodule LO 12.4.2: Explain the role of social engagement on successful aging, Topic=Social Engagement, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9 Adults who are _________ healthy show warmth, compassion, and productivity. a) biologically Consider This: This measure of adult adjustment is based on the Berkeley longitudinal study.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction b) culturally Consider This: This measure of adult adjustment is based on the Berkeley longitudinal study.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction c) sociologically Consider This: This measure of adult adjustment is based on the Berkeley longitudinal study.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction d) psychologically ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Other Measures of Life Success, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10 According to Vaillant and Vaillant (1990), what best predicts health and adjustment at age 63?

a) Health and adjustment at midlife b) Happy childhood Consider This: Successful adult life may be our own creations.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction c) Access to health resources Consider This: Successful adult life may be our own creations.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction d) Race and gender Consider This: Successful adult life may be our own creations.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Other Measures of Life Success, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11 Branson has always assumed he would go into the family business when he graduated from college, but during his senior year, he decides to apply to dental school instead. This change reflects which task of emerging adulthood? a)

Positive instability Consider This: During this stage, emerging adults think about what kind of adult they want to be.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults

b) Identity exploration c) Focusing on the self Consider This: During this stage, emerging adults think about what kind of adult they want to be.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults d) Imagining possibilities Consider This: During this stage, emerging adults think about what kind of adult they want to be.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on

emerging adults, Topic=Emerging Adulthood (Ages 18 to 24), Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 12 Felicity loves to ski, so she decides to drop out of college for a couple of years to become a ski instructor. She informs her parents that this is the only time in her life she can have this type of freedom. Felicity is exemplifying which task of emerging adulthood? a) Focusing on the self b) Positive instability Consider This: This period of life is a break between the rules of the home and the rules of the workforce.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults c) Imagining possibilities Consider This: This period of life is a break between the rules of the home and the rules of the workforce.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults d) Identity exploration Consider This: This period of life is a break between the rules of the home and the rules of the workforce.

LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.1: Identify major influences on emerging adults, Topic=Emerging Adulthood (Ages 18 to 24), Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 13 In her early 30s, Arabella has just become a mother to twins and is taking a year off from work to stay home. According to Erikson, which of the following would be an effective way for her to handle these changes? a) Create a network of friends b) Focus on self-identity Consider This: Young adults are in the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39 c) Find ways to have positive instability by trying new hobbies

Consider This: Young adults are in the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39 d) Become individualistic, not worrying about roles Consider This: Young adults are in the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39 ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.2: Characterize adulthood from age 25 to 39, Topic=Young Adulthood (Ages 25 to 39), Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 14 What is an example of the detribalization that is common during middle adulthood? a)

Paxton works extra hours at the office to qualify for a larger bonus.

Consider This: Middle adulthood is marked by an openness to unexpressed parts of the self.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood

b) Raul takes a local BBQ class at the rec center to learn some new cooking techniques.

Consider This: Middle adulthood is marked by an openness to unexpressed parts of the self.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood c) Christen decides to enroll in a French class, even though none of her friends are interested. d) Zoe remarries a man who already has two grown children.

Consider This: Middle adulthood is marked by an openness to unexpressed parts of the self.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood, Topic=Middle Adulthood (Ages 40 to 64), Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 15 Who is likely to be the most satisfied with his work and marriage? a) Colin, a 59-year-old b) Muhammad, a 21-year-old Consider This: This period is marked by less demanding jobs and easier relationships.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood c) Randall, a 34-year-old Consider This: This period is marked by less demanding jobs and easier relationships.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood d) Matt, a 72-year-old Consider This: This period is marked by less demanding jobs and easier relationships.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood, Topic=Middle Adulthood (Ages 40 to 64), Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 16 What can be inferred from the transition to older adulthood? a) Roles disappear.

Consider This: This period of life is a time for exploration for many.

LO 12.1.4: Explain how role changes impact older adulthood b) Roles become more flexible. c) Roles become more static.

Consider This: This period of life is a time for exploration for many.

LO 12.1.4: Explain how role changes impact older adulthood d) Roles become more demanding.

Consider This: This period of life is a time for exploration for many.

LO 12.1.4: Explain how role changes impact older adulthood ANS: b

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.4: Explain how role changes impact older adulthood, Topic=Themes of Adulthood Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 17 Harry, a 77-year-old, is retired and interacts only with his wife of 40 years and his grown children. He spends much of his time at the park or working on his model railroads. According to Henry and Cumming (1961), Harry is a)

retiring.

Consider This: For many, an adult’s social life space shrinks when they reach late adulthood.

LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75

b) disengaging. c) transitioning.

Consider This: For many, an adult’s social life space shrinks when they reach late adulthood.

LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75 d) developing.

Consider This: For many, an adult’s social life space shrinks when they reach late adulthood.

LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75 ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75, Topic=Late Adulthood (Age 75 and Older), Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 18 Which of the following is an example of selective optimization with compensation? a) Astrid, a 90-year-old, is still able to knit sweaters for her greatgrandchildren.

Consider This: Those in late adulthood make choices to maximize life while compensating for declines.

LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75

b) Naji, an 81-year-old, happily spends his time reading the newspaper and surfing the Internet.

Consider This: Those in late adulthood make choices to maximize life while compensating for declines.

LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75 c) Anika, a 77-year-old who used to run marathons, now takes long walks in the park that are less painful with her arthritis. d) Silas, an 83-year-old, serves on the board of directors for the local hospital.

Consider This: Those in late adulthood make choices to maximize life while compensating for declines.

LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75 ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75, Topic=Late Adulthood (Age 75 and Older), Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 19 Who is most likely to be considered “successfully aging”? a) Anita, a 59-year-old who eats a Mediterranean diet and practices yoga three times a week b) Adam, a 38-year-old who plays brain games every evening after he walks his dog Consider This: Lifestyle decisions influence how we age.

LO 12.4: Determine the elements of successful aging c) Charlotte, a 52-year-old who eats a keto-diet and has many hobbies Consider This: Lifestyle decisions influence how we age.

LO 12.4: Determine the elements of successful aging d) Christopher, a 64-year-old who enjoys dining on take-out and spending time alone Consider This: Lifestyle decisions influence how we age.

LO 12.4: Determine the elements of successful aging

ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.4: Determine the elements of successful aging, Topic=Successful Aging, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 20 Which characteristics seem important in determining a positive outcome following disequilibrium? a) Role satisfaction and neuroticism Consider This: This may be related to the degree of social complexity.

LO 12.3.4: Differentiate the impacts of positive and negative variables on adult development b) Disengagement and individuation Consider This: This may be related to the degree of social complexity.

LO 12.3.4: Differentiate the impacts of positive and negative variables on adult development c) Intellectual flexibility and extraversion d) Positive instability and religious practices Consider This: This may be related to the degree of social complexity.

LO 12.3.4: Differentiate the impacts of positive and negative variables on adult development ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 12.3: Analyze adulthood according to models of growth and development; Submodule LO 12.3.4: Differentiate the impacts of positive and negative variables on adult development, Topic=Proposition 4, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 21 Who is more likely to report a higher quality of life? a)

Steve, a 67-year-old man who reads autobiographies of presidents Consider This: Quality of life is related to activity level.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction

b) Marta, a 64-year-old woman who is involved with her church group and also runs 5Ks regularly c) June, a 68-year-old woman who has given up knitting due to arthritis Consider This: Quality of life is related to activity level.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction

d) Martin, a 70-year-old man who has retired and maintains his vegetable gardens Consider This: Quality of life is related to activity level.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Variations in Successful Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 22 Kanya is a warm, compassionate woman who enjoys conversations with her childhood friends. She takes their happiness seriously and feels responsible as a friend. Kanya is demonstrating good __________ health. a)

cultural Consider This: A capacity for work and relationships are tenets of this type of health.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction

b) psychological c) biological Consider This: A capacity for work and relationships are tenets of this type of health.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction d) psychosocial Consider This: A capacity for work and relationships are tenets of this type of health.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction life ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Variations in Successful Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 23 People with __________ levels of psychological health have _________ levels of life satisfaction. a) higher; higher

b) higher; lower Consider This: These two levels are well-correlated.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction c) lower; lower Consider This: These two levels are well-correlated.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction d) lower; higher Consider This: These two levels are well-correlated.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Variations in Successful Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 24 Octavio is about to turn 66 and retire from his career at the post office. What is the most significant indicator that will suggest this new stage of his life will be happy and successful? a)

How carefree and fun Octavio’s emerging adulthood was Consider This: People may be able to affect how happy and successful they will be as they age.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction

b) How warm and loving Octavio’s family was during childhood Consider This: People may be able to affect how happy and successful they will be as they age.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction c) How happy and successful Octavio was at midlife d) How committed and dedicated Octavio’s spouse has been Consider This: People may be able to affect how happy and successful they will be as they age.

LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Variations in Successful Development, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 25 Holly, age 29, is going through her second divorce. This situation is an example of a)

normative changes.

Consider This: Various events can lead to disequilibrium.

LO 12.3.3: Compare the roles of stability and instability on a life trajectory

b) poor match between personality and role requirements.

Consider This: Various events can lead to disequilibrium.

LO 12.3.3: Compare the roles of stability and instability on a life trajectory c) personality development.

Consider This: Various events can lead to disequilibrium.

LO 12.3.3: Compare the roles of stability and instability on a life trajectory d) asynchrony of developmental patterns.

ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 12.3: Analyze adulthood according to models of growth and development; Submodule LO 12.3.3: Compare the roles of stability and instability on a life trajectory, Topic=Proposition 3, Difficulty=Moderate

M/C Question 26 Which is true regarding a “midlife-crisis”? a) More than half of adults claim they have experienced one.

Consider This: The midlife crisis is likely an aspect of individual personality.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood b) It shows the same distribution across age as depression. c) It may be the result of the increase in “predicted life satisfaction” as people age.

Consider This: The midlife crisis is likely an aspect of individual personality.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood d) It is a distinct episode of upheaval for those who experience it.

Consider This: The midlife crisis is likely an aspect of individual personality.

LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood

ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concept, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.3: Contextualize issues in middle adulthood, Topic=Middle Adulthood (Ages 40 to 64), Difficulty=Moderate

Essay

SA Question 27 Compare and contrast emerging adulthood with young adulthood. What social conditions have led to the newer stage of emerging adulthood?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development, Topic=Themes of Adulthood Development, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 28 Distinguish between middle adulthood and older adulthood. What differentiates these two developmental stages, and why?

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development, Topic=Themes of Adulthood Development, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 29 Examine the factors that contribute to a higher quality of life.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.1: Identify major influences on quality of life, Topic=Individual Differences in Quality of Life, Difficulty=Moderate

SA Question 30 Analyze why people who live in more prosperous countries have higher levels of well-being than those in other countries.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success, Topic=Variations in Successful Development, Difficulty=Moderate SA Question 31 Compare and contrast the concepts of psychological health and psychosocial factors that relate to well-being and life satisfaction.

Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 12.2: Evaluate measures of life success; Submodule LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Other Measures of Life Success, Difficulty=Moderate

Essay Question 32 Evaluate the idea of a life review and its association with late adulthood. Do you believe a life review is necessary, and why or why not?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development; Submodule LO 12.1.5: Describe adulthood after age 75, Topic=Late Adulthood (Age 75 and Older), Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 33 Compare middle adulthood with young adulthood. What are the aspects that differentiate these two stages, and what do you think must be completed in young adulthood in order for a person to have a satisfying middle adulthood?

Why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development, Topic=Themes of Adulthood Development, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 34 Some argue young adulthood is the most challenging developmental stage of adulthood. Critique or defend this argument. How does each stage have its own

challenges and opportunities? Which stage do you think you will enjoy the most, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 12.1: Summarize major themes in adult development, Topic=Themes of Adulthood Development, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 35 How are the shared physical and psychological developments related to the starting conditions of education, family, and personality? What conditions are most influential in our lives, and why?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 12.3: Analyze adulthood according to models of growth and development, Topic=A Model of Adult Growth and Development, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 36 Evaluate how stability and disequilibrium, related to age, affect our developmental journeys. Why would the metaphor of a mountain landscape best explain adult development?

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 12.3: Analyze adulthood according to models of growth and development, Topic=A Model of Adult Growth and Development, Difficulty=Difficult

Essay Question 37 Analyze the two possible explanations for the pattern of results observed in the Grant and Berkeley studies of life success. What evidence is there to support each possibility? Are the two explanations mutually exclusive? Explain why or why not.

Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 12.2.2: Determine factors relevant to life satisfaction, Topic=Other Measures of Life Success, Difficulty=Difficult