Test Bank For Journey of Adulthood, 10th Edition Barbara R. Bjorklund Julie Earles Chapter 1-12 Chapter 1
Multiple Choice Single Select M/C Question What is empirical research? a) Common knowledge Consider This: This type of research is objective. LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology b) Autobiographies Consider This: This type of research is objective. LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology c) Personal experiences Consider This: This type of research is objective. LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology d) Scientific studies ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 2 What are normative age-graded influences? a) Changes associated with age b) Changes that happen regardless of age Consider This: Biology and society both work together with these influences. LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development c) Changes related to psychological age Consider This: Biology and society both work together with these influences. LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development d) Changes that are influenced by our parents Consider This: Biology and society both work together with these influences. LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development, Topic=Normative Age-Graded Influences, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 3 The term _________ is almost synonymous with generation, but it is narrower in scope. a) cohort b) group Consider This: People who are different ages can be affected differently by historical events. LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development c) peers Consider This: People who are different ages can be affected differently by historical events. LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development d) culture Consider This: People who are different ages can be affected differently by historical events. LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.2: Describe how historical events impact development, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Easy, M/C Question 4 How do behavior geneticists primarily study the influence of genes on behaviors? a) Surveys Consider This: This is the most effective way to study genetic influence in people because the genes are identical. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) Twin studies c) Focus groups Consider This: This is the most effective way to study genetic influence in people because the genes are identical. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life d) Cohort studies Consider This: This is the most effective way to study genetic influence in people because the genes are identical. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 5 What does epigenetic inheritance mean? a) Genes are passed down through the parents. Consider This: Most developmentalists subscribe to an interactionist view. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) Genes work independently from the environment. Consider This: Most developmentalists subscribe to an interactionist view. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life c) Gene expression can be modified by experience. d) Genes are best studied through twin studies. Consider This: Most developmentalists subscribe to an interactionist view. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 6 When does age become just a number and not a predictor of a stage or behavior? a) Early adulthood Consider This: Until a certain point, certain milestones happen with age. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age b) Adolescence c) Older adulthood Consider This: Until a certain point, certain milestones happen with age. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age d) Infancy Consider This: Until a certain point, certain milestones happen with age. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 7 Which of the following is the best definition for the life-span developmental psychology approach? a) Development occurs over the lifetime and is multidimensional, shaped by many causes. b) Development occurs over the lifetime, primarily from social causes from the peer group.
Consider This: This approach looks at development as a plastic process. LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach c) Development occurs over the lifetime, initially shaped by biological causes, then by environmental causes. Consider This: This approach looks at development as a plastic process. LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach d) Development occurs over the lifetime, but in a limited fashion as the majority of development occurs infancy through adolescence. Consider This: This approach looks at development as a plastic process. LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; Submodule LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 8 What is the key point of the bioecological model of development? a) Development should be studied on a case-by-case basis. Consider This: Bronfenbrenner’s theories examined the intersection of various systems. LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development b) Development is driven by biological factors. Consider This: Bronfenbrenner’s theories examined the intersection of various systems. LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development c) Development cannot be studied out of context. d) Development is a new, unformed discipline. Consider This: Bronfenbrenner’s theories examined the intersection of various systems. LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; Submodule LO: 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 9 The _____________ method chooses different groups of subjects who represent a series of different ages and compares their responses. a) cohort Consider This: This method measures each subject only once and compares the results against each subject. LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research b) longitudinal Consider This: This method measures each subject only once and compares the results against each subject. LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research
c) sequential Consider This: This method measures each subject only once and compares the results against each subject. LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research d) cross-sectional ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 10 Which of the following is a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies? a) Meta-analysis Consider This: A series of longitudinal studies can begin at different points in time. LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research b) Comparison of means Consider This: A series of longitudinal studies can begin at different points in time. LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research c) Sequential study d) Experimental design Consider This: A series of longitudinal studies can begin at different points in time. LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.1: Identify methods used in developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 11 Martha studies the personality traits that are central to a person’s life. For example, she notes that Maggie is introverted and has always loved crafts, such as knitting. These traits are examples of which concept that is central to developmental psychology? a) Change Consider This: Some parts of our personality remain the same. LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development b) Stability c) Stages Consider This: Some parts of our personality remain the same. LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development d) Atypical change Consider This: Some parts of our personality remain the same. LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 12 Carly was a teenage mom, who then became a grandmother at 35. Carly also found out that she was pregnant at the same time as her own daughter. This situation is an example of _________ stages. a) stable Consider This: Some stages are unique to each individual. LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development b) typical Consider This: Some stages are unique to each individual. LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development c) continuous Consider This: Some stages are unique to each individual. LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development d) atypical ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 13 Ellie notices her first gray hairs, and Jim is looking forward to retirement at age 65. What do these two events have in common? a) They are both nonnormative history-graded influences. Consider This: These types of influences are expected as we mature. LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development b) They are both normative history-graded influences. Consider This: These types of influences are expected as we mature. LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development c) They are both nonnormative age-graded influences. Consider This: These types of influences are expected as we mature. LO 1.2.1: Identify normative age-graded influences on development d) They are both normative age-graded influences ANS: d Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.1 Identify normative age-graded influences on development, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 14 Miguel is devastated when his wife of two years passes away from breast cancer at age 31. This situation is an example of a a) nonnormative life event. b) normative age-graded influence. Consider This: Life does not always occur “on time.” LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood
c) normative history-graded influence. Consider This: Life does not always occur “on time.” LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood d) nonnormative history-graded influence. Consider This: Life does not always occur “on time.” LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.3: Evaluate the ways that nonnormative life events affect adulthood, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 15 Jack has the gene for celiac disease, but it does not get turned on until he experiences a traumatic dental visit at age 7. This situation is an example of a) normative age-graded influences. Consider This: Biology and the environment are often intertwined. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) epigenetic inheritance. c) normative history-graded influences. Consider This: Biology and the environment are often intertwined. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life d) nonnormative life events. Consider This: Biology and the environment are often intertwined. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 16 Dr. Cundy, a behavior geneticist, is interested in conducting a twin study to investigate the influence genetics may have on a person’s propensity to be married. What problem is Dr. Cundy likely to face? a) Very difficult statistical analyses Consider This: Behavior geneticists tend to rely on this type of study to explore behaviors from genes. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life b) A lack of twins to study c) Ethical considerations
Consider This: Behavior geneticists tend to rely on this type of study to explore behaviors from genes. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life d) Little theoretical guidance Consider This: Behavior geneticists tend to rely on this type of study to explore behaviors from genes. LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life ANS: b Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development; Submodule LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 17 Whitney is excited to finally celebrate her 21st birthday with her friends. They go out to dinner, and she orders a glass of wine. This situation is an example of ______________ age. a) psychological Consider This: After childhood, few milestones are marked with a certain age. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age b) biological Consider This: After childhood, few milestones are marked with a certain age. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age c) social Consider This: After childhood, few milestones are marked with a certain age. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age d) chronological ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 18 Frank, a 38-year-old man, lives at home with his mother because he cannot keep a job longer than a month or two. Frank’s _________ age is lower than many of his peers who live independently with their spouses and children. a) functional Consider This: This type of age refers to the ability an adult has to deal with the environment compared to others. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age b) psychological c) chronological
Consider This: This type of age refers to the ability an adult has to deal with the environment compared to others. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age d) social Consider This: This type of age refers to the ability an adult has to deal with the environment compared to others. LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 19 Tom is a stay-at-home father to his three girls. He is caring and attentive, known for hosting the best tea parties on the block. This situation is an example of which key concept from the lifespan developmental approach? a) Historical context Consider This: This key concept suggests that many aspects of development can be modified. LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach b) Multidimensional Consider This: This key concept suggests that many aspects of development can be modified. LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach c) Plasticity d) Contextualism Consider This: This key concept suggests that many aspects of development can be modified. LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; Submodule LO 1.3.1: Describe elements of the life-span developmental psychology approach, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 20 John’s development has been, on some level, influenced by the economy and political system since those affect which resources are available to him. These are examples of which one of Bronfenbrenner’s systems? a) Exosystem Consider This: People are influenced by large-scale social structures. LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development b) Mesosystem Consider This: People are influenced by large-scale social structures. LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development
c) Macrosystem d) Microsystem Consider This: People are influenced by large-scale social structures. LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models; LO 1.3.2: Outline the systems used in the bioecological model of development, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 21 What is a key difference between interviews and surveys? a) Interviews tend to be open-ended, while surveys are structured. b) Interviews allow for anonymity, while surveys are confidential. Consider This: These two methods ask different questions of participants. LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures c) Interviews are quantifiable, while surveys are qualitative. Consider This: These two methods ask different questions of participants. LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures d) Interviews are quick, while surveys are more time-intensive. Consider This: These two methods ask different questions of participants. LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures ANS: a Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different measures, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 22 Sally conducts a survey and finds that as the age of her sample increases, the more likely people are to vote Republican. This is an example of which type of analysis? a) Causality Consider This: This type of analysis finds how two variables work together. LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis b) Comparison of means Consider This: This type of analysis finds how two variables work together. LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis c) Meta-analysis Consider This: This type of analysis finds how two variables work together. LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis d) Correlational ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule LO 1.4.3: Describe forms of data analysis, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 23 Christina, who is working on her research design for her senior thesis in her development class, announces she wants to do a true experiment to explore alcoholism and Alzheimer’s. What do you say to her, and why? a) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because it is impossible to have a control group. Consider This: It can be difficult to control for extraneous variables. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because they are timeintensive. Consider This: It can be difficult to control for extraneous variables. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs c) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because you cannot have truly random group assignments. d) True experiments are very difficult to do in development because they are so hard to analyze. Consider This: It can be difficult to control for extraneous variables. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: c Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Difficult
M/C Question 24 Stanley is conducting which type of study when he does longitudinal research on the development of people who were diagnosed with autism as children? a) Survey Consider This: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are included in this category of studies that tells a story. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) Quasi-experiment Consider This: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are included in this category of studies that tells a story. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs c) Qualitative Consider This: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are included in this category of studies that tells a story. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs d) Descriptive ANS: d Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 25 Hamri is conducting _________ research when he examines old slave records to discover lifespan expectancies. a) longitudinal Consider This: Content analysis is a good way of revealing the stories of people who lived long ago. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) qualitative c) quasi-experimental Consider This: Content analysis is a good way of revealing the stories of people who lived long ago. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs d) descriptive Consider This: Content analysis is a good way of revealing the stories of people who lived long ago. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 26 Seubert et al. (2017) used a cross-sectional design to examine the changes in olfaction in participants of different ages. What were the key findings? a) As individuals aged, their sense of smell declined. Consider This: Cross-sectional designs don’t measure changes within an individual. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) Olfactory dysfunction increased with age. c) The attrition rate was too high to draw meaningful conclusions. Consider This: Cross-sectional designs don’t measure changes within an individual. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs d) Olfactory dysfunction was the same for men and women. Consider This: Cross-sectional designs don’t measure changes within an individual. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: b Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Easy M/C Question 27 Which of the following designs would allow for data to be analyzed using comparison of means? a) Correlational Consider This: Comparing means is a way of examining differences between groups. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs b) Qualitative
Consider This: Comparing means is a way of examining differences between groups. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs c) Experimental d) Meta-analysis Consider This: Comparing means is a way of examining differences between groups. LO 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research; Submodule 1.4.4: Differentiate among research designs, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate M/C Question 28 Serena enlisted in the military in her early 20s, leading her to relocate every 2-3 years. She met her partner, while she was deployed overseas. In her early 30s, they married but decided to postpone having children so that she could enroll in college. She felt awkward at time because she was older than the other students in her classes. These experiences could be considered which of the following aspects of adulthood? a) Individual differences b) Commonalities Consider This: These are aspects unique to an individual. LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood c) Cohort Consider This: These are aspects unique to an individual. LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood d) Stability Consider This: These are aspects unique to an individual. LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood ANS: a Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1: Explore major themes in developmental psychology; Submodule LO 1.1.1: Describe differences and commonalities in experiences of adulthood, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Easy
Essay SA Question 29 Compare and contrast the concepts of stability and change in an individual’s life. How is change related to the different types of stages, and what types of changes are inner and which are outer? Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate
SA Question 30 Distinguish between genetic and environmental influences on adult development. How do interactionists try to resolve this dichotomy? Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.2.4: Explain the interactionist view on the influences of nature and nurture on adult life, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Moderate
SA Question 31 Compare and contrast the concepts of biological, social, psychological, and chronological ages. What does “functional age” mean, and what example can you think of that demonstrates this term? Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Moderate
SA Question 32 Compare and contrast the key tenets of the life-span developmental approach and the bioecological model of development. Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models, Topic=Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate
SA Question 33 Analyze the different types of research methods and how each uses different behavior measures, analyses, and research designs. When is each research method most appropriate, and why? Skill=Analyze It, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Moderate Essay Question 34 Reflecting on your own life’s journey thus far, apply the concepts of stability and change. How do you see both stages and continuity in your life thus far? What do you expect will happen next, and why? Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.1.2: Identify constants and changes that impact adult development, Topic=Basic Concepts in Adult Development, Difficulty=Moderate Essay Question 35 Evaluate the sources of change that affect adult development. Which influences are most powerful, and why? What has been the most influential in your own personal life, and why? Which influences are you in control of, and which ones are you not?
Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.2: Explain the major sources of development, Topic=Sources of Change, Difficulty=Difficult
Essay Question 36 Defend the statement “age is only a number.” Critique the importance society places on chronological age and explain the importance of functional age. Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.1.3: Differentiate among the various types of age, Topic=A Word About â œAgeâ , Difficulty=Difficult
Essay Question 37 Assess how the life-span development approach and the bioecological model of development can work together to explain development. Apply each of the major tenets to examples in your own life. Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 1.3: Differentiate between the perspectives of psychological and bioecological models, Topic=Some Guiding Perspectives, Difficulty=Moderate
Essay Question 38 Choose a developmental research question that interests you. Design your own study, indicating which research method, behavior measures, and research design you would use. What analyses do you think you would use to analyze your results? Defend your design choice with support from the text. Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Difficult Essay Question 39 Describe sequential study research designs. How do these designs allow researchers to tease apart effects of history-graded influences and normative age-graded influences? Skill=Evaluate It, Objective=LO 1.4: Evaluate developmental research, Topic=Developmental Research, Difficulty=Difficult
Bjorklund_TB_Ch2
Multiple Choice Single Select
M/C Question 1 Which theory of aging focuses on changes at the cellular level, including the release of free radicals? a) Oxidative damage b) Genetic limits Consider This: This theory suggests that as we age, our resistance to environmental effects diminishes. LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging c) Caloric restriction Consider This: This theory suggests that as we age, our resistance to environmental effects diminishes. LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging d) Interactionist view Consider This: This theory suggests that as we age, our resistance to environmental effects diminishes. LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 2 Which theory of aging is centered on the idea that each species has a maximum life span? a) Oxidative damage Consider This: This theory suggests that aging is imbedded within each of us. LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging b) Genetic limits c) Caloric restriction Consider This: This theory suggests that aging is imbedded within each of us. LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging
d) Interactionist view Consider This: This theory suggests that aging is imbedded within each of us. LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 3 What is true about adults in their 40s and 50s in terms of obesity? a) They are twice as likely to be obese than other age groups. Consider This: As people age, they may become more sedentary. LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time b) They are slightly more likely to be obese than other age groups. c) They are half as likely to be obese than other age groups. Consider This: As people age, they may become more sedentary. LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time d) They are rarely obese compared to other age groups. Consider This: As people age, they may become more sedentary. LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.2: Analyze how adults deal with age-related changes in appearance; Submodule LO 2.2.1: Outline changes to body composition over time, Topic=Physical Changes in Outward Appearance, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 4 Which sense develops latest in infants and is the first to show decline as we age? a) Touch Consider This: This is the most complex of the senses. LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes b) Smell
Consider This: This is the most complex of the senses. LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes c) Hearing Consider This: This is the most complex of the senses. LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes d) Vision ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.3: Summarize how the senses change with age; Submodule LO 2.3.1: Describe age-related vision changes, Topic=The Changing Senses, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 5 At what age do most athletic abilities peak? a) 20s b) 30s Consider This: Most prime athletes are young and around college age. LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age c) 40s Consider This: Most prime athletes are young and around college age. LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age d) 50s Consider This: Most prime athletes are young and around college age. LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.1: Summarize how athletic abilities change with age, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 6 What is true about the incidence of insomnia as we age? a) It decreases for everyone, but even more so for women.
Consider This: Lifestyle and outside factors, such as stress, affect insomnia. LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages b) It increases for everyone, but even more so for men. Consider This: Lifestyle and outside factors, such as stress, affect insomnia. LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages c) It increases for everyone, but even more so for women. d) It decreases for everyone, but even more so for men. Consider This: Lifestyle and outside factors, such as stress, affect insomnia. LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages ANS: c Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.5: Determine how age-related physical changes impact life as an older adult; Submodule LO 2.5.3: Characterize sleep at different ages, Topic=Changes in Physical Behavior, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 7 About _________ % of facial skin aging and variation of body weight can be attributed to genetics. a) 60 b) 90 Consider This: Genetics has a moderately strong effect on genetics. LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging c) 40 Consider This: Genetics has a moderately strong effect on genetics. LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging d) 25 Consider This: Genetics has a moderately strong effect on genetics. LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.6: Relate aging experiences to demographic influences; Submodule LO 2.6.1: Explain the heritability of aging, Topic=Individual Differences in Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 8 Which of the following is associated with the genetic limits theory of aging? a) Free radicals Consider This: It is the number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence. LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging b) Hayflick limits c) Rapamycin Consider This: It is the number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence. LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging d) Resveratrol Consider This: It is the number of divisions a species will undergo before reaching replicative senescence. LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging ANS: b Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.2: Describe how genetics influences aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 9 The limited studies on caloric restriction in humans show a) lower incidence of brain atrophy. Consider This: Caloric restriction has positive physical benefits, though not necessarily psychological ones. LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake b) increase in sex hormones. Consider This: Caloric restriction has positive physical benefits, though not necessarily psychological ones. LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake c) increase in heart disease. Consider This: Caloric restriction has positive physical benefits, though not necessarily psychological ones. LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake d) reduction in cancer deaths. ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.3: Explain the relationship between aging and caloric intake, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 10 What age group is most likely to have plastic surgery? a) 13-19 years Consider this: The age group probably reflects the intersection of declining age and increasing income. LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age b) 20-29 years Consider this: The age group probably reflects the intersection of declining age and increasing income. LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age c) 30-39 years Consider this: The age group probably reflects the intersection of declining age and increasing income. LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age d) 40-54 years ANS: d Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=2.2: Analyze how adults deal with age-related changes in appearance; Submodule LO 2.2.2: Characterize how skin changes with age, Topic=Physical Changes in Outward Appearance, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 11 Hearing loss rates have declines in recent years. This is likely due to a) a reduction in workplace noise. b) improved hearing aid technology. Consider This: The U.S. Bureau of Labor regulates this. LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging c) better preventative care. Consider This: The U.S. Bureau of Labor regulates this. LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging d) cochlear implants. Consider This: The U.S. Bureau of Labor regulates this. LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging ANS: a Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=2.3: Summarize how the senses change with age; Submodule LO 2.3.2: Relate hearing to the experience of aging, Topic=The Changing Senses, Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 12 Teri is 61 years old and has developed an autoimmune disorder. This is most likely due to a) the reduced ability of T cells to fight infection. Consider This: Antibody production is also implicated in autoimmune disorder. LO: 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system b) a process of primary aging. Consider This: Antibody production is also implicated in autoimmune disorder. LO: 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system c) abnormalities in B cells that occur with age. d) a lack of vitamin supplements. Consider This: Antibody production is also implicated in autoimmune disorder. LO: 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.4: Summarize age-related changes to the immune system, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 13 Dr. King is examining whether running has an effect on telomeres. Dr. King is working under which theory? a) Genetic limits b) Oxidative damage Consider This: This theory focuses on whether programmed aging can be altered. LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging c) Caloric restriction Consider This: This theory focuses on whether programmed aging can be altered. LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging d) Interactionist view Consider This: This theory focuses on whether programmed aging can be altered. LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging ANS: a
Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.1: Evaluate theories of primary aging; Submodule LO 2.1.1: Explain the idea that cell damage causes aging, Topic=Theories of Primary Aging, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 14 Margaret undergoes a DXA scan and discovers her bones have rapidly become less dense since she turned 55. Margaret has a) osteoarthritis. Consider This: This condition affects women much more than men because women’s bones are smaller. LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes b) BMD. Consider This: This condition affects women much more than men because women’s bones are smaller. LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes c) osteoporosis. d) scoliosis. Consider This: This condition affects women much more than men because women’s bones are smaller. LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes ANS: c Skill=Apply What You Know, Objective=LO 2.4: Analyze the social impact of age-related changes to the body; Submodule LO 2.4.1: Determine the impacts of age-related bone and muscle changes, Topic=How Age Changes Internal Structures and Systems, Difficulty=Moderate
M/C Question 15 On a day-to-day basis, how does the heart of an older person compare to one of a younger person? a) The heart of the older person works slower than the younger person. Consider This: Disease is what affects the functioning of the heart for typical activities. LO 2.4.2: Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems change with age