chapter 1
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Question 1
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What is one of the major goals of health program evaluation as described in the chapter? ➔
To improve public health and reduce health disparities To increase funding for health programs To promote political agendas in healthcare To eliminate all health conditions
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Question 2
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Health disparities are best defined as ______.
a set of evaluation standards used to judge program worth the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health
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systematic, plausibly avoidable health differences affecting socially disadvantaged groups the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age
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Question 3
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“The state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health” is the CDC definition for ______. ➔
health equity Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) health disparities social justice perspective
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Question 4 What does Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) refer to?
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A glossary of bolded terms provided at the end of the book Clinically proven treatment regimens for chronic disease Evaluation designs used to establish causality in health programs
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Non−medical factors and broader forces that shape everyday life conditions and affect health
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Question 5
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Which of the following is one of the book’s cross−cutting themes?
Doing Evaluation in a Perfect World
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Using a Racialized Lens: Understanding Race and Ethnicity and their Role in Evaluation Using the Deficit Model to Define Populations Using Logic and Common Sense to Evaluate Programs
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Question 6
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According to the chapter, the evaluation perspective used in the book brings together which three components?
planning, implementation, and reporting/use of results equality, efficiency, and evidence
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culturally responsive evaluation (CRE), a racialized lens, and a social justice perspective (SJP) rigor, robustness, and reliability
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Question 7 A racialized lens in evaluation specifically calls attention to ______
geographic variation independent of social context genetic differences as the primary explanation for health outcomes participants’ racial diversity as the central driver of program success
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the ways race and ethnicity shape problem definitions, solutions, and access to opportunity
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Question 8
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Which of these practices best aligns with a social justice perspective (SJP) during evaluation?
masking inequalities to maintain neutrality and avoid controversy avoiding engagement with communities to preserve evaluator independence focusing solely on overall averages to simplify reporting
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documenting benefits and burdens of the project across groups and making disparities visible
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Question 9
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Confirmation bias occurs when evaluators ______. ➔
seek or interpret information in ways that reinforce their existing beliefs agree with a group to avoid social rejection or gain status interpret information through the lens of the dominant culture’s values attribute others’ behavior to internal character while excusing their own based on circumstances
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Question 10
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What are implicit biases?
Consciously endorsed preferences and beliefs that can be readily communicated. Negative social attitudes attached to a perceived deficiency. Patterns of thinking (heuristics) that distort information processing and lead to errors.
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Unconscious mental processes that lead to automatic associations and reactions without intention.
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Question 11
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Why does the chapter argue that objectivity in evaluation is a myth?
Because qualitative methods can never produce reliable findings as long as people are gathering the data Because evaluators must avoid standards when judging merit and worth Because evaluation never uses systematic data collection or analysis
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Because evaluation is a social practice of valuing that is shaped by perspectives such as race, gender, and class
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Question 12
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Which example best illustrates stereotype threat in a health or evaluation setting?
A reviewer uses the ACT UP framework to assess misinformation. An evaluator organizes project tasks using a Gantt chart.
A team selects a logic model that identifies scenarios of de facto discrimination to describe their program theory.
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A patient underperforms on a diagnostic task due to concerns about confirming a doctor’s bias.
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Question 13
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Which of the following is one of CDC’s six steps in the 2024 Program Evaluation Framework?
advance equity
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gather credible evidence engage collaboratively learn from and use insights
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Question 14
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Which of the following is a key advantage of using an internal evaluator?
Guaranteed lower cost than an external evaluator.
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Familiarity with the project and staff, providing opportunities for informal feedback. Greater perceived objectivity and credibility with funders than external evaluators. Broader and more specialized expertise than external evaluators.
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Question 15 Which of the following is a key advantage of using an external evaluator?
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Specialized expertise and greater perceived objectivity with credibility among funders. Lower cost and fewer political constraints than internal evaluators. More opportunities for informal feedback due to daily proximity to staff. Greater access to organizational resources than internal evaluators.
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Question 16
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What is the primary purpose of research on programs, as contrasted with evaluation?
to assess adequacy of resources, fidelity of operations, and intended effects within a single context
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to produce new knowledge and contribute to generalizable knowledge to provide findings and recommendations used to improve ongoing programs to act on findings to strengthen activities and systems during the program life cycle
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Question 17
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Which of these statements best distinguishes evaluation from research?
Evaluation chiefly aims to contribute to generalizable knowledge across contexts.
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Evaluation collects, analyzes, and shares data to improve decision making and ongoing programs. Research prioritizes providing ongoing program feedback over generalizability. Research emphasizes acting on findings to strengthen program operations.
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Question 18
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Which scenario illustrates how politics can influence the use of evaluative evidence? ➔
Continued funding for Abstinence Only Sex Education despite evidence of limited or negative effects. Use of logic models to guide program planning despite the limitations of logic models in general.
Defining Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) despite pressure from the organizational leadership to focus on biological determinants instead. Using Gantt charts to schedule activities despite general knowledge of their inefficiency.