Test Bank For Diversity & Inclusion in Sport Organizations, 5e By George B. Cunningham
Chapter 1-15 Chapter 1 Overview of Diversity and Inclusion Chapter Overview The purpose of this chapter is to offer an overview of diversity and inclusion. The author defines diversity as “the presence of socially meaningful differences among members of a dyad or group” and considers inclusion “the degree to which employees are free to express their individuated self and have a sense of workplace connectedness and belonging.” Next, the author conceptualizes the different diversity forms, including surface-level and deep-level characteristics. The final section includes a summary of factors that have contributed to an increased interest in diversity and inclusion: fairness and justice, changing demographics, legal mandates, social pressures, negatives of exclusion, and the value of diversity and inclusion.
Essay Questions 1. Define diversity and inclusion, including the key components of each construct. 2. Suppose that you are making an argument to your boss for increased emphasis on diversity and inclusion in the workplace. What arguments would you use to convey the importance of diversity to your organization? 3. Consider the different reasons for the increased interest in diversity and inclusion. Are there differences in the importance of these factors? For example, have some factors led to greater interest among researchers and practitioners than other factors?
Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following statements about diversity is MOST correct? a. Diversity focuses on individuals, not teams or groups. b. All differences are a socially relevant source of diversity. c. Diversity is primarily concerned with race and gender. d. Diversity is concerned with differences that are socially meaningful. 2.
Which of the following diversity forms best represents the social significance of diversity? a. Shoe size b. Social class c. Hair color d. Functional background
3.
Inclusion reflects the degree to which:
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a. b. c. d. e.
People can express unique identities. The sport organization follows state laws. People feel a sense of belongingness A and C only. All of the above.
4.
The Eagles soccer team includes 4 Asian players, 5 Black players, 3 White players, and 6 Latina players. All the players have played soccer for 5 years, and they have similar attitudes toward the sport. Thus, the team: a. Has high surface level diversity. b. Has low informational diversity. c. Has high value diversity. d. A and B only. e. All of the above.
5.
At Carol’s Bike Stop, the three women employees are all college educated, while the three men hold high school degrees. Based on this description: a. There is a diversity fault line among the employees. b. There is little surface level diversity. c. There is little deep-level diversity. d. The subjective diversity is low.
6.
From a ___________ perspective, all organizations have an obligation to contribute positively to society, including dismantling systems of oppression. a. Legal mandate b. Social pressure c. Fairness and justice d. Inclusion
7.
A 2021 survey of managers showed they engaged in social and environmental sustainability for which of the following reasons? a. Drive revenues. b. Generate trust among key constituents. c. Mitigate legal risks. d. Promote team creativity and innovation.
8.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the emphasis on diversity and inclusion? a. Changing demographics. b. Social pressures. c. Decrease in physical activity participation. d. Benefits of diversity on workplace outcomes.
9.
A study set in England of 5595 women and men aged 50 or older showed that ______ percent had experienced age discrimination. a. 10 b. 25
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c. 30 d. 35 10.
Leader attitudes and behaviors, organizational policies, and organizational culture are examples of ________ factors that can influence diversity and inclusion. a. Micro-level b. Meso-level c. Macro-level d. Manage-level
True or False 1. A marketing group of all gay men would be considered diverse. 2. Board members of a non-profit sport organization differ in their backgrounds and where they work; thus, they have informational diversity. 3. Objective measures of diversity hold no association with perceptions of those differences. 4. Today, people are living longer than they ever have, and the average woman is having more babies. 5. In Japan, 28 percent of all residents are aged 65 or older. 6. According to the Center for Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging, fewer than 30 countries have laws that curtail basic LGBTQ+ rights. 7. In 2021, Major League Baseball moved the All-Star game out of the state of Georgia due to what the league considered restrictive voting rights legislation. This is an example of social pressures influencing diversity and inclusion. 8. Exclusionary workplace practices are likely to affect legal outcome but not employee attitudes.
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Answers to Test Questions
Essay Answers will vary.
Multiple Choice 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. b 10. b
True or False 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. False
Chapter 3 Conducting Diversity and Inclusion Research
Chapter Overview The purpose of this chapter is to summarize ways people conduct diversity and inclusion research. The author begins by summarizing the differences between common sense and science. The discussion then moves to the different ways of knowing, including tenacity, authority, a priori knowledge, and the method of science. The final section includes a summary of steps to conduct diversity and inclusion research. Social scientists gain a better understanding of diversity and inclusion by: (1) developing research objectives; (2) identifying the theory and developing hypotheses or research questions; (3) selecting the appropriate methods; (4) collecting and analyzing data; (5) discussing the results and forming conclusions; and (6) distributing the findings.
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Essay Questions 1. Describe the differences between common sense and science. 2. Suppose you were interested in examining why women are underrepresented in coaching and leadership positions. Summarize the steps you would take from the beginning of the project to the end.
Multiple Choice 1. Theory in the social sciences can be supported or refuted but never: a. Fully studied. b. Proven. c. Taken for granted. d. Examined empirically. 2. In a study, researchers examined the relationship between sport participation and career success, and they statistically accounted for the level competition played. This is an example of: a. Control. b. Difficulty. c. Lay theory. d. Systemic inquiry. 3. Sophia has set believes about immigrants and their sport participation and holds on to the beliefs because she has always done so. This is an example of which method of knowing? a. Authority. b. A priori knowledge. c. Tenacity. d. Science. 4. Scientists develop their research objectives using which of the following? a. Previous experiences. b. Gaps in knowledge. c. The work they conducted earlier. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. 5. Celia conducted a study where she examined relationships among variables. This is consistent with a _____________ approach. a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Mixed methods d. Pilot study 6. Jerry is interested in examining the effects of a bias reduction technique. He randomly assigns 15 people to be in a group that goes through the exercise and 15 people that do not. He then compared their bias afterward. This is consistent with a(n) _____________ design. a. Quasi-experimental b. Experimental c. Cross-sectional
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