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Test Bank For A History of Psychology in Ten Questions 2E Michael Hyland (A Chapters 1-10 CHAPTER 1: Multiple Choice Questions 1. The logical process by which a general law is obtained from a collection of facts is called A. deduction B. induction C. faction D. probability 2.
The logical process by which a fact is predicted from a general law is called A. deduction B. induction C. faction D. probability
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Which are never proved but only shown to be certain with a degree of probability? A. inductive inferences B. deductive inferences C. both of these D. none of these
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Empiricism is based on the logic of A. deduction B. abduction C. induction D. reduction.
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Falsification is based on the logic of A. deduction B. abduction C. induction D. reduction
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Karl Popper‟s book Conjectures and Refutations provides an account of A. falsification B. empiricism C. psychologism D. theorism
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According to Popper, a scientific statement is one that is A. based on a collection of facts B. proved through observation C. asserted by scientists
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D.
falsifiable through observation
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Which of the following makes the most powerful prediction? A. it will rain next week B. it will not rain next week C. it will rain on Tuesday and only on Tuesday next week D. it will either rain or not rain next week
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According to Popper, powerful theories are preferred because A. they are less likely to be wrong B. they make more precise and more easily falsified predictions C. they make less easily falsified predictions and are more often shown to be correct D. they are more easily proved to be true
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A science that uses statistics and null hypothesis testing typically makes A. qualitative predictions B. quantitative predictions C. neither qualitative nor quantitative predictions D. the strongest possible predictions
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The terms „research programme‟ or „research paradigm‟ refer to A. the empirical methods that are used to study something B. the way a theory is tested C. the metatheoretical assumptions that guide the development of theories and their tests D. the collection of data and observations of a science, and the people who collect them
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A theory consists of A. observation terms B. theoretical terms C. both of these D. neither of these
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The replication crisis (failure to replicate) is due to A. the possibility of Type 1 error but not Type 2 error B. the possibility of Type 2 error but not Type 1 error C. the possibility of both Type 1 and Type 2 error D. neither Type 1 nor Type 2 error
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Scientific misconduct is defined as A. only data falsification, i.e., making up or changing data B. only plagiarism, i.e., copying without citation C. either data falsification or plagiarism
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D.
either data falsification, or plagiarism, or error due to incompetence
15. According to Lakatos which type of research programme is usually most effective (progressive problem shift)? A. where theory comes before data B. where data comes before theory C. where rigorous data comes before theory D. where both data and theory come after empirical study 16. What is the name of the bias where people accept information confirming their hypothesis and reject information contrary to their hypothesis? A. acceptance bias B. confirmation bias C. Type 1 bias D. Type 2 bias 17. What have the Tuskegee Syphilis study and the MKUltra project in common? A. they were both shown to be fraudulent B. they were both trying to prove something that was unfalsifiable C. they were both unethical D. all of the above 18. People who support conspiracy theories A. tend to have lower IQs B. tend to be higher in extraversion and have high IQs C. tend to be lower in extraversion and higher in agreeableness D. tend to feel disconnected from society, dissatisfied and not in control
CHAPTER TWO: Multiple Choice questions 1.
There was a time when psychology was not considered a science. Why was this? A. because psychological treatment was ineffective B. because early psychologists didn‟t want it to be a science because science had a lower status C. because psychology was defined in terms of the soul which was separate from the body D. because no one was interested in psychology
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What does Weber‟s concept of a noticeable difference (JND) refer to? A. the smallest noticeable difference between two personalities B. the smallest noticeable difference between two stimuli
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C. D.
the smallest noticeable difference between two rates of movement the smallest noticeable difference between two durations of time
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Who proposed that thoughts are vibrating particles in the brain, spinal cord and nerves? A. Hartley B. Locke C. Wundt D. James
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The belief that lemonade is a unique sensation, different from both the sweetness of sugar and the sourness of lemon is called A. the brick wall hypothesis B. the sour-sweet hypothesis C. the coalescence hypothesis D. Fechner‟s theory of taste
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The accident that happened to Phineas Gage illustrated that A. people fail to notice things in their peripheral vision B. not even the most clever can prevent accidents C. teamwork is important D. the brain was responsible for behaviour
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Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory in A. Leipzig B. Wurzburg C. Berlin D. Groningen
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Wundt A. wrote about only one type of psychology, experimental psychology B. wrote about only one type of psychology, non-experimental psychology called Völkerpsychologie C. wrote about two types of psychology, experimental psychology and another type of psychology that was non-experimental called Völkerpsychologie D. wrote about Völkerpsychologie and animal behaviour
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Wundt used introspection to study A. immediate experience B. recovered experience C. the meaning of life D. mediate experience
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What are the two elements of consciousness according to Wundt? A. feeling and intuition B. sensation and thought C. thought and intuition D. sensation and feeling
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Apperceptions are A. passive combinations of mental contents B. active combinations of mental contents C. perceptions that are partly unconscious D. initial impressions
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Wundt is important in the history of psychology because A. modern psychology is based on his original findings B. he showed that anyone could be a psychologist C. he was a psychologist and not a philosopher D. psychology laboratories were set up in many other countries by students who had attended his lectures
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As a person, Wundt was A. kind and generous B. ruthless towards competitors C. arrogant D. intelligent but boring
13. During psychology‟s history, which terms have been used to describe the person who provides the data? A. the observer B. the participant C. the subject D. all of these 14. The term sensory psychophysiology was used in the 19th century to describe what today is called A. psychophysiology B. physiological psychology C. psychophysics D. all of these
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In Ancient Greek mythology, Psyche was A. someone who transmitted thoughts between humans and the gods B. a beautiful woman who married Eros and became a goddess C. a rational woman who rejected the advances of Eros D. a woman who influenced others using thought alone
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Wundt‟s introspection tasks were carried out