Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences SEVENTH EDITION
Gary W. Heiman Buffalo State College
Lecture Aids &
Answers to Even-Numbered Textbook Problems
D.J. Hendricks West Virginia University
Richard T. Walls West Virginia University
Contents LECTURE AIDES CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS ........................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 – STATISTICS AND THE RESEARCH PROCESS .........................................3 CHAPTER 3 – FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS AND PERCENTILES ................................ 4 CHAPTER 4 – MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY: THE MEAN, MEDIAN , AND MODE .............................................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 5 – MEASURES OF VARIABILITY: RANGE, VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION...................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 6 – Z-SCORES AND THE NORMAL CURVE MODEL ....................................9 CHAPTER 7 – CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS ........................................................... 11 CHAPTER 8 – LINEAR REGRESSION ........................................................................13 CHAPTER 9 – USING PROBABILITY TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT DATA ................15 CHAPTER 10 – INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING ......................................16 CHAPTER 11 – PERFORMING THE ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST AND TESTING CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS ....................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 12 – THE TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST .............................................................. 21 CHAPTER 13 – THE ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE .......................................23 CHAPTER 14 – THE TWO-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ......................................25 CHAPTER 15 – CHI SQUARE AND OTHER NONPARAMETRIC PROCEDURES ...........25 TEST BANK CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS ......................................................... 27 CHAPTER 2 – STATISTICS AND THE RESEARCH PROCESS .......................................35 CHAPTER 3 – FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS AND PERCENTILES .............................. 49 CHAPTER 4 – MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY: THE MEAN, MEDIAN , AND MODE ............................................................................................................................ 61 CHAPTER 5 – MEASURES OF VARIABILITY: RANGE, VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION.................................................................................................................... 73 CHAPTER 6 – Z-SCORES AND THE NORMAL CURVE MODEL ..................................83 CHAPTER 7 – CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS ........................................................... 93 CHAPTER 8 – LINEAR REGRESSION ......................................................................107 CHAPTER 9 – USING PROBABILITY TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT DATA ..............119 CHAPTER 10 – INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING ....................................131 CHAPTER 11 – PERFORMING THE ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST AND TESTING CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS .....................................................................................141 CHAPTER 12 – THE TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST ............................................................151 CHAPTER 13 – THE ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE .....................................165 CHAPTER 14 – THE TWO-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ....................................177 CHAPTER 15 – CHI SQUARE AND OTHER NONPARAMETRIC PROCEDURES .........193 ANSWERS TO EVEN NUMBERED QUESTIONS .................................................203
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Statistics is a shortened version of a. statistical procedures. b. statistical data. ANS: A
DIF: Easy
c. statistical mathematics. d. statistical proof. REF: p. 1
2. Some of the answers we compute from statistical procedures are called a. outcomes. c. data points. b. statistics. d. computations. ANS: B
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 1
3. The word empirical refers to a. organizing and summarizing. b. knowledge gained from theory. c. predictions based on theory. d. knowledge obtained through observation and measurement. ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 1
4. Empirical research involves measurement. Such measurement results in numbers or scores. These scores usually are referred to as a. data. c. statistics. b. hypotheses. d. conclusions. ANS: A
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 2
5. A statistics instructor asks the students to rate how well they like math. The instructor will use statistics to a. organize, transform, perform mathematical operations, and otherwise manipulate the students’ ratings. b. design a research study looking at students’ liking of math. c. round the ratings to two decimal places so that they are more easily communicated. d. organize, summarize, communicate, and draw conclusions about the students’ ratings. ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 2
6. The study of statistics will require you to a. develop new formulas for statistical procedures. b. learn how to compute and interpret statistical procedures correctly. c. memorize many complicated and unfamiliar formulas. d. learn a relatively unimportant step in conducting research. ANS: B
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 3
iii
7. Learning statistics may be most closely compared with a. learning a new language. b. learning how to use a computer. c. learning how to compute complex mathematics. d. learning how to paint a picture. ANS: A
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 3
8. Which of the following is not how you should learn statistics? a. memorize and understand the terminology of statistics b. make flash cards for each of the key terms c. skim the material in the textbook and then try to do the problems d. work the problems at the end of each chapter ANS: C
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 4
9. While statistical software such as SPSS is a useful tool, you will still need to a. memorize all formulas in the text. b. know when to use each statistic and what the answer means. c. understand the mathematical theory behind every procedure. d. develop outstanding mathematical skills. ANS: B
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 4
10. When working the problems at the end of each chapter, you should a. always look at the answers in the back of the book first. b. never look at the answers in the back of the book. c. use a computer program such as SPSS to check all your answers. d. really try to solve each problem and then look at the answer in the back of the book. ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 5
11. The standardized code we use for mathematical operations, the order in which we perform operations, and the answers we obtain are referred to as a. transformations. c. statistical notation. b. data. d. rounding. ANS: C
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 5
12. In standard statistical notation, X and Y are used to stand for a. each individual score obtained in a study. b. instructions to multiply or divide in a formula. c. instructions to add or subtract in a formula. d. summary statistics such as sums or means. ANS: A
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 5
13. When two components are placed next to each other, such as XY, it means a. add the two components. b. subtract the second component from the first component. c. multiply the two components. d. divide the second component into the first component.
ANS: C
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 5
14. When performing mathematical operations, unless otherwise indicated, which operation should you perform first? a. multiplication or division c. addition or subtraction b. squaring or taking the square root d. anything inside of parentheses ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 6
15. For the formula P + Q, if we let P = 9 and Q = 13, the answer is a. 4.00 c. 1.44 b. 0.69 d. 22.00 ANS: D
DIF: Easy
16. If X = 8 and Y = 10, then X Y equals a. 18.00 b. 2.00 ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 6 c. 18.00 d. 2.00 REF: p. 6
17. For the formula P/Q, if we let P = 12 and Q = 4, the answer is a. 1/3 c. 3.00 b. 0.33 d. 3/1 ANS: C
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 6
18. For the formula PQ, if we let P = 11 and Q = 6, the answer is a. 66.00 c. 66.00 b. 5 d. 1.833 ANS: C 19. For the formula a. 19.00 b. 19.00 ANS: B
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 6
, if we let X = 361, the answer is c. 180.50 d. 130,321.00 DIF: Easy
REF: p. 6
20. For X = 3.8, Y = 5, and Z = 2.5, find C.
a. 30.976 b. 0.48 ANS: D
c. 0.48 d. 0.576 DIF: Moderate
21. For the formula [5(3) 3], the answer is a. 0.00 b. 12.00
REF: p. 6
c. 18.00 d. 45.00 v