Solution Manual For Construction Project Management, 5th Edition by Frederick Gould Nancy Joyce

Instructor’s Resource Manual to accompany

Construction Project Management Fifth Edition

Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce

_____________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 2023, 2014, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department.

Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Instructors of classes using Gould and Joyce, Construction Project Management, 5/e, may reproduce material from the instructor’s manual for classroom use.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN-10: 0-13-557663-6 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-557663-2

Table of Contents Chapter Quizzes

01

Answers to Chapter Review Questions and Chapter Quizzes

25

Midterm Exam

31

Answers for Midterm Exam

37

Final Exam

38

Answers for Final Exam

51

“Real World” Case Solutions

52

Construction Project Management Laboratory Program

55

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CHAPTER QUIZZES CHAPTER 1 QUIZ 1. Construction is defined as a high-risk industry. Why? a. Construction is impacted by outside factors such as government funding. b. Construction is done outside and effected by weather conditions. c. Most construction projects are custom not benefitted from standardization. d. All of the above are true.

For questions 2–6, identify in which era the following event/improvement occurred. (Answers are only used once.) a. Ancient times 3200 BC to AD 500 b. Middle ages AD 500 to the 14th Century c. Renaissance 14th Century to 17th Century d. Industrial Revolution 18th to 19th Century e. Modern Times 20th and 21st Century 2. Construction of the transcontinental railroad 3. Construction of the Roman aqueducts 4. The invention of the printing press and slide rule 5. The emergence of a project leader separate from the craftsman, architect and engineer 6. The emergence small cities and states fortified by the construction of castles 7. Increased productivity is an important area of focus for the construction industry and can be achieved by . a. improving the supply chain b. improving the management culture c. more investment in research and development d. improved safety e. a, b, c, and d 8. In the construction of the transcontinental railroad which company faced greater logistical challenges? a. Central Pacific b. Union Pacific 9. Henry Gantt’s graphical representation of work flow is best characterized as a a. CPM diagram b. bar chart c. P E R T chart d. work breakdown structure 10. Most young people view a career in construction as highly desirable. True or false?

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.

CHAPTER 2 QUIZ 1. A structural steel column collapses and is found to have been undersized. Which project participant would most likely be liable for this mistake? e. Owner f.

Designer

g. Constructor h. Structural steel worker i.

All of the above

Matching (2–5) Match the project participant with the statement that best represents their profession, responsibility, or project attitude. (Answers may be used more than once.) a. Owner b. Designer c. Construction Manager d. Trade contractor 2.

A professional registered by the state

3.

Looked to for the smooth orchestration of the project

4.

Responsible for financing and land acquisition

5.

Wants clear, on-time direction with no changes

Matching (6–10) Match the design/construction position with the appropriate job description. a. Clerk of the works b. Job captain c. Superintendent d. Construction project manager e. Field engineer 6.

This person organizes the drawings required to complete the job, manages the personnel resources, communicates with engineers and other consultants, and details schematic designs.

7.

This person interacts with subcontractors and coordinates the flow of workers, supplies, and equipment on the site to ensure that the schedule is met.

8.

Assigned by the designer to interpret the plans and specifications, this person may assist in problem solving, approve or reject material, and approve progress payments.

9.

This person tracks the flow of documents through a field office. This is usually an entry-level position.

10.

This person configures the project team, schedules the job, and sets up the cost control system. This person must have a solid understanding of project administration, good verbal and written communication skills, knowledge of labor union issues, and technical construction knowledge.

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CHAPTER 3 QUIZ 1. As companies shift towards an increased level of centralized control more and more decisions will be moved to the field.

True

False

2. Which of the following positions would most likely serve in a staff (versus a line) position of authority? a. Superintendent b. Project Manager c. Legal Counsel d. Vice President of Operations e. All of the above 3. The subordinate’s (receiver’s) background, experience, and level of education must be considered when choosing the appropriate symbols of communication.

True

False

4. Esprit de corps is a term associated with a. Order and discipline b. Morale c. Goals and accountability d. Mentoring e. Communication 5. Which of the below listed terms addresses the number of subordinates a manager supervises? a. Span of control b. Gangplank c. Reciprocal relationship d. Authority e. Responsibility 6. Leadership focuses on the scientific study of decision making, moving away from guesswork to the establishment of set methodologies for making intelligent decisions.

True

False

7. Which of the following terms is used to describe the “unofficial/informal” relationship established between two workers in two different departments? a. Matrix b. Pooled relationship c. Gangplank d. Leadership e. Responsibility

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8. __________ is the primary focus of an effective Total Quality Management program. a. Efficient product work flow b. Customer satisfaction c. Continuous improvement d. Organization esprit de corps e. Both b and c 9. Which of the following legal forms of business organizations is perpetual? a. Sole proprietorship b. Partnership c. Corporation d. All of the above e. None of the above 10. __________ can best be described as the process of training and developing future project leaders. a. Management b. Motivating c. Business development d. Mentoring e. None of the above

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CHAPTER 4 QUIZ Matching (1–5) Identify in which project phase the following work would occur. a. Initiation and feasibility analysis b. Project design c. Procurement d. Construction e. Turnover and startup 1.

Contract for subcontract services

2.

Broad-scale planning

3.

Store spare parts and collect warranties

4.

Coordinate labor and material installation

5.

Write project specifications

6. As a project moves through the design phase, decisions and details considered become more numerous, and of a smaller scale.

True

False

7. Long-lead items are materials or equipment typically ordered and bought by the advance of the contract award.

in

a. owner b. designer c. construction manager d. trade contractor e. public 8. With the cost of money increasing 10 percent per year, a dollar spent on construction today is worth more than a dollar earned two years in the future.

True

False

9. In which of the following are the four stages of design in the correct order? a. Schematic design; programming; design development; contract documents b. Programming; schematic design; design development; contract documents c. Design development; schematic design; contract documents; programming d. Schematic design; design development; contract documents; programming e. Programming; design development; schematic design; contract documents

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10. Assuming no contract changes, during which of the following project stages is the actual cost of construction most likely to be determined? a. Feasibility analysis b. Design c. Procurement d. Construction e. None of the above

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CHAPTER 5 QUIZ 1. The term fast track a. is synonymous with design/manage. b. means that construction is begun before the design is complete. c. is synonymous with turnkey. d. indicates that two or more companies have combined forces for the duration of the project. e. none of the above.

2. An advantage of the design/build approach is that a firm’s fixed price is established before construction begins.

True

False

3. In a pure construction management approach the construction manager usually guarantees the overall price of the project.

True

False

4. In a guaranteed maximum price (GMP) contract, in scope costs above the GMP are covered by the contractor.

True

False

5. A unit-price contract provides an owner with price competition while still allowing for an increase or decrease in actual versus estimated quantities.

True

False

6. The choice of which delivery method is correct is a factor of perceived risk. Which of the following is a source of project risk? a. Financial concerns b. Quality of the materials or workmanship c. Schedule requirements d. Quality of design e. All of the above

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7. Historically, a “master builder” was hired to build a project. Today, the same approach would be most like which delivery method? a. Design/Bid/Build with a lump sum bid b. Design/Bid/Build with a GMP c. Construction project management d. Design/Build e. Unit-price contract 8. A project is rushed into design without a total understanding of the owner’s needs. As the project moves through the design, additional requirements are added, increasing the project budget. This is an example of a. project acceleration. b. fast tracking. c. scope creep. d. separated functions. e. none of the above.

9. In which of the following project approaches is owner oversight most difficult to apply? a. Design/bid/build lump sum b. Design/bid/build GMP c. Design/build d. Construction project management e. Owner oversight is a function of staffing, not of the chosen delivery method or contract 10. When assessing the risks applicable to a project, one must also look to the owner organization and the manner in which decision-making occurs.

True

False

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CHAPTER 6 QUlZ 1. As project time moves on, the ability to cost-effectively influence a. increases while costs committed increase. b. increases while costs committed decrease. c. decreases while costs committed increase. d. decreases while costs committed decrease. e. none of the above.

2. The process an owner should utilize in selecting a construction manager is comparable to the process of selecting an architect or an engineer: review past experience, collect references, and examine the resumes of the key people that will be assigned to the project.

True

False

3. Investigating and implementing up/down construction is an example of (a) a. mitigation program. b. constructability analysis. c. life cycle costing. d. feasibility study. e. none of the above.

4. A thorough investigation of the proposed area for construction should occur before a. the determination of the bid package breakdown for the project b. detailed scheduling occurs c. detailed estimating occurs d. moving into the schematic design stage e. all of the above 5. Selection of the designer must precede selection of the construction manager.

True

False

6. The best time for a candidate construction management firm to learn the specifics of a proposed project is during the interview stage, as this allows the firm to begin to put together a construction management workplan.

True

False

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.

Matching (7–10) Identify the stage of design in which the following project activity would normally occur. Use each stage once only. a. Conceptual planning b. Contract documents c. Design development d. Schematic design 7.

Evaluate and finalize mechanical and electrical systems

8.

Procure final building permit

9.

Analyze alternate schemes and conduct engineering analysis

10.

Evaluate labor and trade contractor market

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CHAPTER 7 QUIZ 1. What is the term used to describe the process of investigating the capability of contractors prior to being selected to bid on an upcoming project? a. Bonding b. Prequalification c. Request for proposal (RFP) d. Licensing e. Certification 2. In a “pure” construction management delivery method, the selected subcontractor will sign a contract with the . a. owner b. construction manager c. general contractor d. designer 3. An addendum is a change issued to a bidder after contract award.

True

False

4. A bond guarantees that the contractor will complete the work in accordance with the contract. a. bid b. performance c. payment d. lien 5. One of the current trends in risk management is towards centralized control of all project insurance.

True

False

Matching (6–10) Identify in which listed part of a typical bid package the following requested information would be found. a. Agreement b. Instructions to bidders c. Alternates d. Drawings, specifications, and addenda e. General and special conditions 11 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

6.

Would include a change in technical requirements issued prior to bid opening

7.

Would address issues such as parking on the job site, traffic control needs, and prevailing wage provisions

8.

Would indicate the date and location for submission of bids

9.

Owner request for pricing of a substitute material

10.

A liquidated damage clause

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CHAPTER 8 QUIZ 1. A general contractor is engaged in when seeking quotes from sub-contractors that consider the entire cycle of material handling. a. bid shopping b. procurement c. estimating d. marketing 2. What is a punch list? a. Items that must be completed prior to contract completion b. A stencil for punching holes in steel c. A System for collecting accurate field information for a contract status report d. A form used for logging machine hours worked e. None of the above 3. Ideally, projects should gradually build up the work force to a relatively long period of steady production then gradually wind down the work force back to zero.

True

False

4–8 Mark (a) for a task typically completed in the home office and (b) for a task usually accomplished in the field office.

4. Obtain progress and record photos 5. Keep a job diary 6. Prequalify bidders 7. Maintain job safety 8. Prepare the project schedule 9. A skilled and motivated worker is typically more productive, needs less supervision and works safer.

True

False

10. The Empire State Building, though a beautiful and monumental building took significantly longer to build due to poor productivity and the minimal use of innovative technologies.

True

False

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CHAPTER 9 QUIZ 1. Which of the following types of estimates would a contractor most likely use to bid a project? a. Square foot b. Unit price c. Systems d. Conceptual e. Aggregate 2. Which of the following best defines learning curve? a. Repetition is inversely related to productivity b. Productivity increases as repetitions increase c. Worker productivity is a constant d. Productivity decreases as the size of a project increases e. None of the above 3. When adjusting an estimate for time and location, the adjustment for location must be made first.

True

False

4. The amount of profit a bidder includes is a factor of a. extent of perceived risk b. level of expected competition c. project duration d. the particular client e. all of the above 5. As an estimate progresses from conceptual to detailed, it takes longer to prepare and becomes less accurate.

True

False

6. The value of the quality to the owner as the design quality of a project increases. a. Increases at a decreasing rate b. Increases at an increasing rate c. Increases at a constant rate d. Decreases e. Does not change

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7. An index measures change with respect to an established baseline.

True

False

8. Overhead burden is greatest on which of the following cost categories? a. In-house material b. In-house labor c. In-house equipment d. Subcontractor e. Overhead is applied equally to all cost categories 9. The Masterformat specification format, as compared to the Uniformat, better reflects the manner in which a project is built.

True

False

10. The level of contingency applied to a project should towards completion. a. increase b. decrease c. remain constant

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as the project moves

CHAPTER 10 QUIZ 1. In arrow rotation, the longer the arrow, the longer the activity’s duration.

True

False

2. Project schedules are necessary tools to control the project.

component of a construction

a. cost b. time c. quality d. all of the above 3. A network schedule shows a. the order in which construction tasks must be completed. b. which construction tasks can be accomplished concurrently. c. which construction tasks must follow other operations. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.

4. A network schedule is continuous.

True

False

5. Which of the following is not true about network schedules? a. Their preparation forces management to define and plan work in detail. b. They support efficient communication between field and home office. c. They improve coordination with subcontractors and suppliers. d. Their preparation is relatively quick and inexpensive. e. All of the above are true.

Questions 6–10 are based on the network diagram on page 22.

6. What is the project’s duration? a. 13 b. 15 c. 19 d. 22 e. None of the above 7. What is the early start day for the Form/Conc. 2 activity? a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 16 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

d. 10 e. None of the above 8. What is the correct i-j notation for the Cure 1 activity? a. 3-2 b. 30-40 c. 30-2-40 d. 45-55 e. None of the above 9. What is the early finish time for Set Base Plates 2? a. 1 b. 15 c. 16 d. 19 e. None of the above 10. What is the late finish time for activity 35-45? a. 10 b. 13 c. 15 d. 17 e. None of the above

Network for questions 6–10

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CHAPTER 11 QUIZ 1. As a project is crashed from its normal duration to its optimal duration, a. the project’s indirect cost is reduced. b. the project’s direct cost is reduced. c. the duration of the project increases. d. additional float is created. e. none of the above.

2. This schedule is used as a primary performance model in the derivation of all control curves. a. Bar chart b. CPM c. Matrix d. Horse blanket e. All of the above 3. Cost control can be approached as an application of Pareto’s law, which states that percent of the project’s outcome is determined by percent of the included elements. a. 50; 50 b. 80; 20 c. 25; 75 d. 50; 60 e. 100; 25 4. Cost control is a form of cost accounting.

True

False

5. A project control system should isolate and control in detail those elements with the greatest impact on final cost.

True

False

6. How can a project manager compress a schedule? a. Revise the schedules logic b. Use overtime c. Use substitute materials or equipment d. Increase crew size e. All of the above

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7. Value analysis is a creative, organized approach whose objective is to minimize cost and/or maximize performance of a facility or system.

True

False

8. Which curve listed would best serve as the basis of a contractor’s accounts receivable (A/R)? a. Cost b. Production c. Schedule of values d. Income e. Cash requirements 9. Which formula below is correct to compute the Schedule Performance Index (SPI)? a. S P I = E V – PV b. S P I = E V – AC c. S P I = E V/AC d. S P I = E V/PV 10. As quality expenditures increase, the value to the owner increases, but at a decreasing rate.

True

False

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CHAPTER 12 QUIZ Matching (1–5) Match the communication type listed with the correct description following. a. Request for information b. Daily reports c. Submittal logs d. Monthly reports e. Notice to proceed 1.

Records the subcontractors working on site and key deliveries made.

2.

Reports the project’s status to both the project team and the owner organization.

3.

A formal method of communication/clarification.

4.

Documents the official start of the project.

5.

Used to track submittals.

6. An application for payment submitted by the contractor to the owner or designer typically requires the stamp of a notary public.

True

False

7. On large projects owner retainage, typically 10 percent of the value of work to date, is kept in full until the project is satisfactorily completed, then is released.

True

False

8. Which listed procedure should be followed to accomplish a change in work that must be executed immediately? a. The designer should immediately provide supplemental instructions to the contractor. b. The owner should immediately request a proposal, then promptly negotiate the necessary change. c. A change directive should be provided to the contractor by the construction manager or owner. d. The contractor should anticipate the need for the change, do the work, then request appropriate payment. e. None of the above.

9. It is not uncommon for contractors to be provided an extension of time, but no additional payment, for an excusable delay such as one caused by unusually harsh weather.

True

False

10. Which of the listed methods of dispute resolution is nonbinding? a. Litigation b. Negotiation c. Arbitration d. Mediation e. All of the above 20 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 13 QUlZ 1. Which of the following would not generally be addressed by a Federal, State or Local statute? a. Control of Architectural or Engineering licensing b. Laws for filing a Mechanic’s lien c. The determination of builder’s negligence d. The establishment of local Building codes e. All of the above would be addressed by a federal, state, or statute 2. The purpose of a is to provide leverage to a trade contractor to receive payment for goods and services provided in the construction of a building project. a. building code b. builder’s license c. business Tort d. mechanics’ Lien 3. The court of final appeal is usually the Supreme Court.

True

False

4. It establishes a specific time frame in which a lawsuit must occur. After this milestone is reached a designer or contractor’s liability ends and no legal action can take place. a. Statute of Limitations b. Statute of Repose c. Liquidated damage clause d. Business Tort e. None of the above 5. In general slander is an untrue written statement causing damage to another, while libel is an untrue oral statement.

True

False

6. A contract may be written or oral, but is only formed when there is an offer to do something that is accepted by another party and is supported by consideration.

True

False

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7. All parties to a contract must have the capacity to contract. That means that they must a. be of legal age. b. be of sound mind. c. have the financial wherewithal. d. have signed a tender offer. e. a and b only.

8. The statue of frauds requires that certain contracts, such as wills, be in writing.

True

False

9. A(n) is an order by the court prohibiting one party from taking certain actions such as commencing work on a construction project. a. punitive delay b. stop work order c. injunction d. local statute e. none of the above 10. What is the term for the empaneling of a team of professionals on a project early for the purpose of providing assistance in the early stages of dispute? These professionals often issue decisions, though not binding, which may be accepted by the parties. a. Alternative dispute resolution b. Dispute resolution board c. Mediation d. Partnering e. None of the above

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CHAPTER 14 QUlZ 1. Which of the following explains why construction projects are inherently dangerous? a. Each job site has its own particular methods of operation, depending on the superintendent and foreman. b. Crew makeup is continually changing. c. The location of unsafe conditions continually change. d. Construction practices and procedures change from job to job. e. All of the above.

2. O S H A is a federal agency that governs safety within all businesses with additional, specific regulations for construction.

True

False

3. Insurance companies utilize a construction company’s EMR to determine which of the following insurance premiums? a. Hazard b. Property c. Workers’ compensation d. Fire e. None of the above 4. Money spent on accident prevention should be viewed as an investment.

True

False

5. Hazard elimination is the sole focus of any comprehensive safety program.

True

False

6. MSDS are for a. employee training and orientation. b. fall protection. c. safety enforcement. d. hazard communication. e. fire protection.

7. The primary reason for the thorough investigation of an accident or a “near miss” is to compile adequate information in the event of a lawsuit.

True

False

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8. The conduct of safe on-site construction operations is important to owners and designers for which of the following reasons? a. Construction accidents tarnish the image of all involved, even those only indirectly involved. b. Owners and designers, often frequent visitors to the job site, are legally required to stop any unsafe operations they are aware of. c. Owners are also regulated by O S H A. d. Owners and designers who wear the proper safety gear on a job send a positive safety message to the workers. e. All of the above.

9. How materials are received, how debris is disposed of, and how everyday workers and visitors circulate throughout the job site are major factors in a job’s safety program.

True

False

10. A toolbox meeting is a formal meeting, typically conducted by the safety officer, and usually held monthly.

True

False

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ANSWERS TO CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CHAPTER QUIZZES Chapter 1 Answers Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

1.

D

2.

2.

D

3.

3.

A

4.

4.

C

5.

5.

E

6.

6.

B

7.

7.

E

8.

8.

A

9.

9.

B

10.

10. F

Chapter 2 Answers Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

B

1.

B

2.

T

2.

B

3.

T

3.

C

4.

A

4.

A

5.

T

5.

D

6.

D

6.

B

7.

B

7.

C

8.

D

8.

A

9.

T

9.

E

10.

B

10.

D

Chapter 3 Answers Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

B

1.

F

2.

T

2.

C

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3.

B

3.

T

4.

T

4.

B

5.

C

5.

A

6.

E

6.

F

7.

T

7.

C

8.

F

8.

E

9.

D

9.

C

10.

E

10.

D

CHAPTER 4 Answers Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

F

1.

C

2.

T

2.

A

3.

B

3.

E

4.

F

4.

D

5.

F

5.

B

6.

A

6.

T

7.

D

7.

A

8.

B

8.

T

9.

E

9.

B

10.

C

10.

C

Chapter 5 Answers Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

B

1.

B

2.

C

2.

F

3.

E

3.

F

4.

T

4.

T

5.

C

5.

T

6.

T

6.

E

7.

E

7.

D

8.

T

8.

C

9.

D

9.

C

10.

B

10.

T

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CHAPTER 6 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

F

1.

C

2.

B

2.

T

3.

F

3.

B

4.

F

4.

E

5.

T

5.

F

6.

B

6.

T

7.

E

7.

C

8.

C

8.

B

9.

B

9.

D

10.

A

10.

A

CHAPTER 7 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

F

1

B

2.

T

2.

A

3.

T

3.

F

4.

F

4.

B

5.

B

5.

T

6.

C

6.

D

7.

A

7.

E

8.

B

8.

B

9.

C

9.

C

10.

E

10.

A

CHAPTER 8 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

T

1.

B

2.

T

2.

A

3.

E

3.

T

4.

F

4.

B

5.

F

5.

B

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6.

T

6.

A

7.

C

7.

B

8.

B

8.

A

9.

A

9.

T

10.

A

10.

F

CHAPTER 9 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

F

1.

B

2.

F

2.

B

3.

F

3.

F

4.

T

4.

E

5.

F

5.

F

6.

C

6.

A

7.

A

7.

T

8.

A

8.

B

9.

B

9.

F

10.

B

10.

B

CHAPTER 10 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

B

1.

F

2.

B

2.

B

3.

D 3.

D

4.

B

4.

T

5.

T

5.

D

6.

2

6.

C

7.

8

7.

D

8.

7

8.

B

9.

3

9.

C

10.

1

10.

B

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CHAPTER 11 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

C 1.

A

2.

E

2.

B

3.

T

3.

B

4.

B 4.

F

5.

T

5.

T

6.

F

6.

E

7.

F

7.

T

8.

E

8.

D

9.

A 9.

D

10.

T

T

10.

CHAPTER 12 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

T

1.

B

2.

T

2.

D

3.

T

3.

A

4.

F

4.

E

5.

B 5.

C

6.

B 6.

T

7.

C 7.

F

8.

C 8.

C

9.

C 9.

T

10.

B 10.

D

11.

F

CHAPTER 13 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

D 1.

C

2.

T 2.

D

3.

D 3.

T

4.

T 4.

B

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5.

B 5.

F

6.

F

6.

T

7.

E 7.

E

8.

T 8.

T

9.

A 9.

C

10.

T 10.

B

CHAPTER 14 Chapter Review Questions

Quiz

1.

T 1.

E

2.

C 2.

T

3.

F 3.

C

4.

E 4.

T

5.

E 5.

F

6.

F 6.

D

7.

B 7.

F

8.

T 8.

E

9.

F 9.

T

10.

E 10.

F

30 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Midterm Exam 1. In the construction industry of the future, there will likely be a decreased requirement for permits and regulations.

True

False

2. The construction industry is multifaceted involving the assembly of teams, the definition of process, the creation of a site-specific workspace, and the purchase and installation of materials and product.

True

False

3. Which category of construction is typically financed by the public sector? a. b. c. d.

Residential Building construction Industrial Heavy construction

4. Dams, highways, and bridges would be classified as what type of project? a. b. c. d.

Residential Building construction Industrial Heavy construction

5. Which category of construction is characterized by many small companies and great instability during economic recessions? a. b. c. d.

Residential Building construction Industrial Heavy construction

6. Compared to other industries the construction industry would be characterized as low risk, difficult to enter, and requiring a large capital investment.

True

False

Identify the event cited below with the period of time in which it occurred. Use each time period only once. a. Ancient Times 3200 BC to AD 500 b. Middle Ages AD 500 to the 14– century c. Renaissance 14– through 17– century d. Industrial Revolution 18– to the 19– century e. Modern Times 31 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

7.

Steel is used as building material.

8.

Castles are constructed to fortify towns protecting trade and commerce.

9.

The invention of the printing press facilitated the creation of mass-produced design documentation.

10.

CPM schedules are used to manage the construction process.

11.

Concrete is used and roads and aqueducts are constructed.

12. Like any industry, construction looks to improve. In chapter 1 a number of opportunities were mentioned. Which of the strategies listed below was discussed? a. Incorporate green technologies and products b. Embrace technology c. Make job sites safer d. Collaborative partnering e. All of the following were cited 13. A structural engineer is responsible for locating a building on a site and identifying the correct setbacks and elevations.

True

False

Identify the person responsible for the following aspects of a project. Use each person only once. a. Owner b. Architect c. Construction manager d. All involved 14.

Financing

15.

Value engineering

16.

Drawings and specifications

17.

Prequalification of specialty subcontractors

18. This person is usually an architect or an engineer employed by the designer to enforce the terms of the contract and to interpret the plans and specifications. a. Job captain b. Superintendent c. Project Manager d. Clerk of the works e. Field project engineer 19. Preparing for a job interview by researching an employer’s mission statement and core values is an important first step.

True

False 32 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

For the following 5 questions identify whether the attribute is either a foundational skill (A) or a core value (B).

20.

Integrity

21.

Communication

22.

Life-long learning

23.

Loyalty

24.

Fair mindedness

25. Narrowing one’s span of control reduces organizational hierarchy.

True

False

26. The use of a “gang plank” is a swift way for two engineers in two different departments to resolve an issue directly that otherwise, through the formal department organization, would require multiple transmissions.

True

False

27. The decision as to whether to deliver a message “face to face” or through a text would relate to which step in the four-step communication model? a. b. c. d.

Sender creates message Sender transmits Recipient receives and interprets Recipient sends feedback to sender

28. Traditionally, concept and feasibility studies conducted during the initiation of a project are . handled primarily by the a. owner b. architect c. contractor d. subcontractor 29. Name the design stage that describes the continuation of design accomplished on a system by system basis. a. b. c. d.

Programming Schematic Design development Construction documents

30. Turnover is a legal process in which the building becomes the legal property and responsibility of the owner.

True

False 33 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

31. In what project phase are materials bought and subcontractors hired so work can begin? a. Feasibility analysis b. Design c. Procurement d. Construction e. Turnover Identify in which listed project phase each following project activity would normally occur. Use each phase once only. a. Conceptual planning b. Schematic design c. Design development d. Construction documents e. Bidding and award 32.

Evaluate and finalize mechanical and electrical systems

33.

Review and recommend trade contracts with owner

34.

Define owner’s objectives

35.

Analyze alternative schemes and conduct engineering analysis

36.

Prequalify trade contractors

37. The choice as to which project delivery method is used depends on the risks the project faces.

Which item below would be an example of project risk? a. The project is a custom renovation b. The facility is to remain open throughout the renovation c. Several important long lead components have been ordered and are scheduled to arrive on time, though they are being manufacture overseas. d. The facility design is spectacular with exquisite detailing e. All of the above 38. One advantage of the design/build approach is that usually a firm fixed project cost is established before construction begins.

True

False

39. When selecting a design/bid/build delivery approach an owner receives a fixed price, but gives up the potential to save time through “fast tracking.”

True

False

34 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

40. Which project sector is typically constructed using a design/build project delivery method? a. Residential b. Building construction c. Heavy construction d. Industrial 41. Which statement below is not true when discussing a construction management project delivery method approach? a. This delivery method approach is good choice if an owner has a fixed budget. b. This approach promotes good collaboration between the owner, designer, and constructor. c. The owner receives all savings attained through the subcontractor purchasing process. d. High owner involvement is necessary to make this delivery method successful. e. All of the above statements are true.

42. D B O, B O O, and D B F are all examples of

.

a. lean construction b. public/private partnerships c. integrated project delivery d. joint ventures e. bridging 43. Which of the following is true of a GMP contract? a. GMP is the same as a lump sum bid. b. The contractor passes all costs to the owner up to a predetermined maximum. c. The owner assumes all project risk. d. The construction manager assumes all project risk. e. None of the above.

44. In a Design/Bid/Build contractual arrangement, the architect signs a contract with the . a. owner b. construction manager c. general contractor d. subcontractor e. none of the above

35 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

45. Through a well-run value management process good ideas and possible changes materialize.

During which project phase would it be best to implement any change? a. Design b. Bid and award c. Construction d. Closeout and turnover 46. Value management can best be described as

.

a. reducing cost by reducing quality b. getting the best value for the least cost c. reducing scope to achieve budget d. reorganizing the project team to achieve the greatest efficiency e. none of the above 47. As project time moves on the, the ability to cost-effectively influence changes

.

a. increases while costs committed increase b. increases while costs committed decrease c. decreases while costs committed increase* d. decreases while costs committed decrease 48. Hiring a construction manager is similar in process to the hiring of a trade contractor — prequalify, accept bids, with the lowest qualified bidder getting the job.

True

False

49. Through Life-Cycle Costing it may be shown that spending more money to construct a higher quality project makes financial sense.

True

False

50. Up/Down construction, a decision made by a builder to construct a project, in the most effective manner is a good example of a . a. design review b. constructability analysis c. mitigation effort d. critical activity

36 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

ANSWERS FOR MIDTERM EXAM 1.

F

26.

T

2.

T

27.

B

3.

D

28.

A

4.

D

29.

C

5.

A

30.

T

6.

F

31.

C

7.

D

32.

C

8.

B

33.

E

9.

C

34.

A

10.

E

35.

B

11.

A

36.

D

12.

E

37.

E

13.

F

38.

F

14.

A

39

T

15.

D

40.

D

16.

B

41.

A

17.

C

42.

B

18.

D

43.

B

19.

T

44.

A

20.

B

45.

A

21.

A

46.

B

22.

A

47.

C

23.

B

48.

F

24.

B

49.

T

25.

F

50.

B

37 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Final Exam 1. Banks, office towers, and schools would be classified as what type of project? a. Residential b. Building construction c. Industrial d. Heavy construction 2. The invention of the printing press allowed the ability to better teach as well as replicate construction drawings. In which era did this occur? a. Ancient times b. Middle ages c. Renaissance d. Industrial revolution e. Modern times 3. Publicly funded projects are constructed for personal use or for the economic benefit of the investor.

True

False

4. A facility manager would generally be part of the

team.

a. owner b. designer c. constructor d. government 5. The Construction of the Trans Continental railroad was a significant project in the life of the United States. A huge number of workers were needed and hired from many places. Which demographic was a source of construction workers? a. China b. Ireland c. Women d. Civil War veterans e. All of the above were hired in large numbers 6. Construction managers are usually hired in a professional capacity as are architects and engineers.

True

False

38 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. A

has continuity independent of its stock holders — it’s life is perpetual.

a. sole proprietorship b. partnership c. corporation 8. The

type of organizational structure can be described as a “two-boss” system.

a. generalist b. departmental c. matrix 9. Which of the following is not typically a support staff responsibility? a. Accounting b. Marketing c. Field supervision d. None of the above 10. Which organizational structure formalizes the use of “gang planks” as a means to improve interdepartmental collaboration? a. Generalist b. Departmental c. Matrix d. All of the above 11. Drawings and specifications are the output of which project stage? a. Concept and feasibility b. Engineering and design c. Procurement d. Construction e. Startup and implementation 12. On site mobilization is the process during which the site is made ready for construction to begin.

True

False

13. Fast-tracking is one of the major advantages of design-bid-build delivery method.

True

False

39 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. The

design phase is complete when the design is approximately 30 percent complete.

a. schematic b. conceptual c. design development d. engineering 15. The

has the final say in decisions regarding local codes.

a. building inspector b. construction manager c. project architect d. owner 16. The fee to be charged would be the most important criterion when evaluating architect proposals.

True

False

17. In this presentation method project team members develop an 11×17 graphic that visually displays the identification, analysis, and solution to a current problem or challenge. a. Poster b. A3 c. Data map d. Line graph e. Space-time story 18. A work plan includes

.

a. schedules b. budget c. standards for quality d. all of the above 19. The field office would typically accomplish which of the following tasks? a. Qualify bidders b. Obtain progress and record photos c. Prepare project cost estimate d. Prepare project schedule e. None of the above

40 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Matching (20–25) Identify in which listed project phase each following project activity would normally occur. Use each phase once only. a. Design development b. Construction documents c. Bidding and award d. Construction e. Project closeout 20.

Submit as-built drawings

21.

Approve trade contractor progress payments

22.

Identify long-lead items

23.

Finalize permit procedural flow

24.

Prepare addenda for pricing

25. Organizational charts show a company’s staffing and reporting structure in pictorial form.

26. A construction management project delivery approach is typically utilized in which building sector? a. Building construction b. Residential construction c. Industrial d. Heavy construction 27. Working under a guaranteed maximum price (GMP) contract all costs above the GMP are covered by the owner.

True

False

28. In a Design/bid/build arrangement, a (an) general contractor and an owner.

contract is most likely used between a

a. PCM b. owner-build c. lump sum d. turnkey 29. When compared to other delivery method options, which of the following is not considered an advantage of design/bid/build delivery? a. It is historically accepted b. Project cost is fixed c. Design/construction time is shortest d. Owner has least involvement 41 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

30. Entering the feasibility stage for a 40-story high-rise office building development a developer seeks to complete project as soon as possible. What project delivery method would you recommend? a. Construction management b. Design/build c. Design/bid/build d. Either a or b e. None of the above 31. In the process of hiring a construction manager, owners will sometimes request CM qualifications (RFQ) before requesting formal proposals (RFP).

True

False

32. Value management opportunities are greatest where the most money is being spent.

Considering a typical commercial building, which of the below sectors should be examined first? a. Foundation b. Roofing c. Exterior closure d. Electric e. Mechanical 33. Which conclusion is correct based on the following figure?

a. Get good professional advice early in a project. b. As time passes, implementing a change becomes increasingly expensive. c. The best value engineering opportunities occur early in a project. d. All of the above 34. In which of the design phases listed would cost savings ideas be most easily implemented and have the greatest potential for project cost savings? a. Conceptual b. Detailed design c. Procurement d. All phases have equal potential 42 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

35. The process of identifying and evaluating contractors for a bid list is called

.

a. prequalification b. forecasting c. fast tracking 36. The construction manager prepares a estimate for the purposes of the evaluation of subcontractor bids and the later management and control of the subcontractor’s work. a. definitive b. bid c. fair cost 37. What is (are) the benefits of meeting with local contractors prior to developing a project bid package? a. Determine bidder interest b. Learn about local trade jurisdictions c. Learn about local building codes d. Determine labor availability e. All of the above

Questions 38–42 Match the terms listed with their description. Terms may be used only once. a. Invitation to bid b. Specifications and drawings c. Owner-furnished items d. Construction schedule e. General conditions 38.

Might include water, sanitation, or storage areas

39.

States requirements and procedures for responsive bid

40.

Shows scheduled milestones and relationships among work packages

41.

Defines technical requirements of job, scope, and quality

42.

Defines conditions applicable to all contracts awarded

43. Which of the following situations requires a change order? a. Change in owner’s scope of work b. Significant change in subsurface conditions c. Design error or omission d. All of the above

43 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

44. Which specification type would require a product be sourced from a specific manufacturer? a. Design specification b. Performance specification c. Proprietary specification d. Open specification 45. This type of insurance provides protection from 3rd party claims. It covers damage caused by construction vehicles as well as injury to non-workers on site. a. Comprehensive liability b. Builder’s risk c. Worker’s compensation d. Performance bonding 46. A bid alternate is a change or clarification provided to all bidders before receipt of bids.

True

False

Questions 47–50 On construction projects work is split between the home and field office. Note below at which location the following tasks would typically be handled. a. Home office b. Field office 47. Prequalify bidders 48. Maintain record drawings 49. Review and recommend progress payments 50. Prepare fair cost estimates

Questions 51–55 For the questions below identify whether the activity is (a) an administrative closeout item, (b) a field decommissioning item, or (c) an item involved in the physical completion of the project.

51. Preparing a punch list with the architect 52. Attain lien waivers 53. Complete as built drawings 54. Terminate phone, internet, and other communication accounts 55. Finalize keying schedule 56. Building commissioning is most often handled by independent agents with the best results attained when started early in the design stage.

True

False

44 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

57. Learning curve and work schedule studies would be used in estimating the estimate.

of an

a. money component b. productivity component c. both A and B d. none of the above 58. In preparing an estimate,

costs account for vacation time, sick days, and so on.

a. base wage b. fringe benefits c. wage premiums 59. Which of the estimates listed would occur last in a project time line? a. Rough order of magnitude b. Square foot estimate c. Bid estimate d. Assemblies estimate 60. The

estimate would be prepared during a project’s conceptual phase.

a. rough order of magnitude b. fair cost c. definitive d. bid 61. General conditions and home office overhead are examples of what type of costs? a. Direct b. Indirect c. Both A and B d. None of the above 62. Which of the following would not be classified as a direct cost? a. Safety and first aid expenses b. Finishing labor for a concrete slab c. Materials for a structural steel frame d. Foundation excavation equipment expenses e. None of the above

45 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

63. As a project moves on in time the accuracy of an estimate improves and the time to complete the estimate increases.

True

False

64. The Uniformat building classification system is structured in the manner in which a typical building is constructed.

True

False

65. The cost of the quality to the owner

as the design quality of a project increases.

a. increases at a decreasing rate b. increases at an increasing rate c. increases at a constant rate d. decreases e. does not change 66. The level of contingency applied to a project should completion.

as the project moves toward

a. increase b. decrease c. remain constant 67. Cost indices reflect changes in cost over time.

True

False

68. A detailed estimate is made with almost no information on the project and is the summation of the cost of the individual elements of construction, using unit costs.

True

False

69. One major difference between equipment and material is that equipment does not become part of the project at the end of the job.

True

False

70. The type of schedule is graphically simple, easily understood, and accepted by the construction industry. a. progress curve b. matrix c. bar chart

46 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

71. What term(s) is (are) used to describe the extra time that might be included in a construction activity? a. Lag b. Float c. Slack d. Lead e. Both B and C 72. The is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without extending the overall project completion time. a. duration b. float c. critical path .

73. A construction network schedule shows

a. the order in which construction tasks must be completed b. which construction tasks can be done together c. which construction tasks must follow other operations d. a, b, and c.

Questions 74–85 Match the type of schedule listed with the description following. Schedule types may be used more than once. a. Activity on arrow (A O A) b. Activity on node (A O N) c. Matrix d. Bar chart 74.

Graphically the simplest

75.

Graphic style makes it adaptable to high-rise construction

76.

Utilizes i-j notation

77.

Could also be termed precedent notation

78.

Would be used for a summary report to the owner

79. The time for completing a project is equal to the sum of the duration of the individual work elements.

True

False

47 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

80. In reporting, a variance can best be described as

.

a. correct information in the proper form b. a method for providing information on time c. a difference from a planned amount 81. Cost control can be approached as an application of Pareto’s law, which states that percent of the included elements. percent of a project’s outcome is determined by a. 50; 50 b. 40; 60 c. 70; 30 d. 80; 20 e. 25; 75 82. Time sheets and equipment use reports are examples of

.

a. information sent from management to the field b. information sent from the field to the home office c. information gathered for future use d. both B and C 83. Which curve listed would best serve as the basis for a contractor’s accounts payable (A/P)? a. Cost b. Production c. Schedule of values d. Cash requirements e. Income 84. A cash flow analysis utilizes information from a (an) a. estimate b. construction schedule c. value engineering program d. both A and B e. none of the above 85. Which formula below is correct to compute the Cost Performance Index (CPI)? a. CPI = E V – PV b. CPI = E V – AC c. CPI = E V/AC d. CPI = E V/PV 48 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Questions 86–90 Match the communication type listed with the correct description following. a. Request for information b. Daily reports c. Submittal logs d. Monthly reports e. Notice to proceed 86.

Records the subcontractors working on site and key deliveries made.

87.

Reports the project’s status to both the project team and the owner organization.

88.

A formal method of communication/clarification.

89.

Documents the official start of the project.

90.

Used to track submittals.

91. What is a punch list? a. A card that keeps track of hours worked b. A stencil for punching holes in steel c. Items that must be completed prior to contract completion d. None of the above 92. The purpose of a is to provide leverage to a trade contractor to receive payment for goods and services provided in the construction of a building project. a. building code b. builder’s license c. business Tort d. mechanics’ Lien 93. What is the term for the empaneling of a team of professionals on a project early for the purpose of providing assistance in the early stages of dispute? These professionals often issue decisions, though not binding, which may be accepted by the parties. a. Alternative dispute resolution b. Dispute resolution board c. Mediation d. Partnering e. None of the above

49 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

94. The use of material safety data sheets (MSDS) would be of prime importance in which aspect of a safety program? a. Employee orientation b. Personal protection devices c. Hazard communication d. Toolbox meeting e. All of the above 95. Which of the following would have the most impact on reducing job-site accidents? a. Increasing the frequency of toolbox meetings b. Upgrading the quality and availability of personal devices c. Increasing the number of safety training sessions d. Improving new-worker orientation sessions e. Creating or improving a comprehensive safety program 96. The greatest cost to a Contractor of an O S H A citation is the fine – they are very stiff.

True

False

97. Insurance companies utilize a construction company’s EMR to determine which of the following insurance premiums? a. Hazard b. Property c. Workers’ compensation d. Fire e. None of the above 98. A toolbox meeting is a formal meeting, typically conducted by the safety officer, and usually held monthly.

True

False

99. Effective jobsite safety planning starts in the

phase.

a. design b. purchasing c. mobilization d. construction 100. A good example of designing for safety is to design and construct permanent “tie off points” into a structure. These may be left behind for maintenance workers.

True

False 50 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Answers for Final Exam 1.

B

35.

A

68.

F

2.

C

36.

C

69.

T

3.

F

37.

E

70.

C

4.

A

38.

C

71.

E

5.

C

39.

A

72.

B

6.

T

40.

D

73.

D

7.

C

41.

B

74.

D

8.

C

42.

E

75.

C

9.

C

43.

E

76.

A

10.

C

44.

C

77.

B

11.

B

45.

A

78.

D

12.

T

46.

F

79.

F

13.

F

47.

A

80.

C

14.

A

48.

B

81.

D

15.

A

49.

B

82.

B

16.

F

50.

A

83.

D

17.

B

51.

C

84.

D

18.

D

52.

A

85.

C

19.

B

53.

A

86.

B

20.

E

54.

B

87.

D

21.

D

55.

A

88.

A

22.

A

56.

T

89.

E

23.

B

57.

B

90.

C

24.

C

58.

B

91.

C

25.

T

59.

C

92.

D

26.

A

60.

A

93.

B

27.

F

61.

B

94.

C

28.

C

62.

A

95.

E

29.

C

63.

T

96.

F

30.

D

64.

T

97.

C

31.

T

65.

B

98.

F

32.

E

66.

B

99.

A

33.

D

67.

T

100.

T

34.

A

51 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

“Real World” Case Solutions Chapter 6 1. Political: The new mayor wants to demonstrate that electing him/her was a good choice.

A good quality project needs to be completed on time, on budget. Additionally, the work to be done will be highly visible.

Time: Related to the above – the project needs to be completed within 3 years.

Project Complexity: The project includes renovation work as well as new building space and new parking connected to three historic, existing structures.

Unforeseen conditions: It is highly likely that the project program will need to be adjusted during the course of the design and construction.

2. Solution: The most important aspect of a project is communication. Without strong and effective communication at all levels, even the simplest project will have problems. After establishing a baseline schedule and budget, the team established a document development and construction phasing plan. It was agreed that six drawing/document packages would be developed and issued over a nine-month period. The packages consisted of 1.

Abatement/Demo 2. Site work/Underground MEP 3. Foundation/structural steel 4. Exterior (facade) 5. MEP systems 6. Interior finishes. To document field conditions and assist in the package coordination, a B I M coordinator/modeler was added to the onsite construction team. The BIM coordinator/modeler acted as the communication conduit between the field/subs, office, owner, and architect/consultants. Many building elements were modeled to provide clarification to the field and the Architect, as they developed the package in real-time with maximum sharing of information. The project was successfully finished on time and under budget.

Chapter 7 1. A specification that states exactly the product or method to be used. In this case the specification provides minimal flexibility as to how to proceed with the roofing installation.

2. Solution: With the cooperation of the Project Architect, we proposed an alternate system, equal to or better than the one specified, and offered to absorb any associated increased costs.

The alternate system was not encumbered with any installer licensing restrictions. Within days of our proposal, we received a call from the original roofing system manufacturer, offering to license us (the General Contractor) as an installer of their product. We accepted, installed the product ourselves, and completed the roof and the entire six-building project on schedule.

52 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 10 1. Design, Detailing, Fabrication, Delivery, Installation, and Inspection 2. Solution: Halfway through the fabrication process, the subcontractor stopped providing schedules to the Contractor, thus prompting senior personnel to visit their offices personally.

That is when they discovered the problem with the CAD translation and the fabrication. At that point, the Contractor insisted that the fabricator find another detailer and that they contract out all other work at their shop so that this one machine was devoted solely to this job. These measures helped keep the problem from getting worse but didn’t fix the original schedule slippage. To address that, the Contractor brought on a full-time superintendent to oversee this very specialized work; and reworked the entire schedule for the job so that this became its own project, thereby ensuring that the rest of the job would continue on schedule.

They also approached the machine manufacturer (in France) to see if they could take on the fabrication part. In the end, the museum’s opening was delayed but not by the original projection of six months. By reworking the schedule, bringing in a full-time superintendent, and reworking the activities tied to this one operation, the Contractor was able to buy back three months of the delay.

Chapter 11 1. Solution: We held multiple meetings with the concrete subcontractor, owner, and architect to determine a suitable alternative to the work that was incorrectly completed.

We got a quote from a concrete finishing and staining company to resolve the issue using a specialized product. Simultaneously, we let the concrete subcontractor work on what they believed to be the correct solution. The price of the alternative recommended by the architect and the threat of a back charge convinced the concrete subcontractor to utilize their best finishers. Ultimately, they ended up spending less than they could have. The owner and architect were satisfied with both our efforts to correct the problem and the subcontractor’s efforts to resolve the issue at hand.

2. Prior to proceeding a “mock up” should have been constructed and approved by the architect and owner. This would have provided physical clarification of the architect’s design intent.

Chapter 12 1. Solution: The first action we took after we found the pipe was to contact Con Edison to have them come and investigate the pipe. They arrived at the site and found that it was not a gas pipe and did not belong to them. After another timely search, we failed to find any information. After that, we contacted the Department of Environmental Protection (D E P), and they confirmed that the pipe belongs to them and served as an overflow storm line. Because the pipe was only published on maps that were not for public viewing, we reached an agreement with the D E P to redesign the footing of our building and insulate around the pipe. In the future, this would provide the D E P with the chance to remove and relocate the pipe from the property. As soon as we finished redesigning the situation, we continued with foundation work and completed that section of the project.

53 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 14 1. To name a few: Exterior work, working at height, long hours, working in the dark, complicated coordination between trades, work access, high voltage power, accelerated scheduling, and working around existing operations.

2. Solution: Due to critical activities closely involved with this intricate and time-sensitive project, an outside safety professional was consulted as a direct-support resource for the project. Safety meetings were held daily during shift changes. This ensured that the workers were aware of changing conditions and hazards. Project pre-planning served to identify hazardous situations developed during the crane work and its placement within the facility.

The facility’s work areas were reviewed with the client as part of the team. The crane operations area was changed, and a larger crane was mobilized as a result. Ultimately, the project was completed on schedule despite an 11% increase in scope. Two months of advanced planning allowed this small crew to complete more than 7,200 hours of work in five weeks. The project was completed without any injuries to personnel or interruptions to the facility’s operational life-cycle. The output of the installed/upgraded equipment exceeded expectations at 600 MW under load.

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CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT LABORATORY PROGRAM INTRODUCTION Academic studies tend to put students into passive roles, listening to descriptions of another’s expertise. While listening is an important part of the college experience, equally important, particularly for future construction leaders, are opportunities to assimilate learning and to experience leadership firsthand. The following laboratory program has for many years been successfully used in the classroom to provide students with these opportunities to practice their academic learning using real-life exercises.

The program puts all students in leadership positions: At one time during the semester each student, as a member of a team, will be responsible for planning, scheduling, and monitoring a laboratory exercise. The program’s philosophy is that students learn by doing, and that by experiencing leadership and management situations students can learn firsthand what project management is all about.

The laboratory program is made up of five multi-week laboratory exercises. Students are grouped into five teams, with each team assuming responsibility for one lab during the semester.

As the instructor, you will provide outlines for each lab, and direct students as they refine and develop the outlines and manage the labs.

This laboratory program has evolved over time, incorporating new ideas and refining existing policies as appropriate. As examples, oral presentations were always a part of the program, but as Microsoft PowerPoint presentation software has become widely accessible to students the program now requires using it or an equivalent software application. Meeting minutes were originally suggested, but are now required, as it was found that they promote accountability. Recent requirements added to improve the program are the marking up of student work and completion of a student team self-analysis.

Following are a statement of the program’s philosophy and projected benefits, team selection suggestions, laboratory exercise schedule, administrative team procedures, and sample laboratory exercises.

PROGRAM PHILOSOPHY 1. Students learn by doing, and the best way to teach leadership and management skills is to place students in guided situations requiring them to lead and manage.

2. Students need as many opportunities as possible to write, and the best writing assignments for construction management students relate to practical construction management projects.

3. Students need opportunities to make oral presentations, run meetings, participate in debates, and persuade others of their point of view.

4. Students must learn to evaluate work critically and to suggest alterations and improvements.

5. Each student needs to learn how to function as a team member, how to take responsibility for work, and how to deliver work on time and of acceptable quality.

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Program Benefits As a result of involving themselves actively in managing the laboratory program, students find themselves more actively involved In the rest of the course, and often in the balance of their education as well. Students find themselves taking ownership of their education and feeling good about their progress. Students will carry the results of a well-run lab program into the rest of their courses, often increasing the level at which they request information or clarification from their instructors.

Students also will “take the class beyond the classroom,” as they design lab exercises that involve industry participation and local field work.

The program tends to provide friendly competition and peer pressure as each group attempts to surpass the others. This typically happens most clearly in the oral presentations as groups experiment with new presentation formats and technologies. One group may surprise the cIass with a new graphical application or video clip. The other groups may adopt and adapt the technique for subsequent presentations, thus continually raising the level of effort expended.

Students often will amaze you and each other with their creativity. Their final exercise assignments often surpass the original outline in form and detail covered. You can encourage this creativity by establishing your initial outline as a “performance specification” and give students free rein to design assignments that meet or exceed your goal.

As you continue to use the program over a number of years, you will refine your own participation and sharpen your ability to create challenging exercise outlines. Students also will pass along good ideas from one class to the next.

TEAM SELECTION You, the instructor, will form students into teams at the start of the semester. The ideal grouping is five teams of two to four students each, one team for each laboratory exercise. Select team members carefully, as the teams will remain together for the entire semester. To acquire the necessary information about your students, ask them to submit a resume or a statement describing their academic and work experience, and to complete a writing exercise. Group students heterogeneously, so team members vary in their academic strengths and weaknesses, work experience, computer skills, and oral and written presentation skills.

LABORATORY SCHEDULE Create laboratory exercise outlines, and assign one outline to each team. Schedule the exercises sequentially through the semester. Each exercise is to follow a five-week schedule, as follows: Sample Semester Laboratory Exercise Schedule Week

Ex. 1

Ex. 2

Ex. 3

1 2

P

3

A

4

W

P

5

PR

A

6

RE

W

P

PR

A

7

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Ex. 4

Ex. 5

8

RE

W

P

9

PR

A

P

10

RE

W

A

11

PR

W

12

RE

PR

13

RE

P = Present exercise outline to administrative team; team creates and refines exercise procedure A = Administrative team assigns exercise to class; class prepares to execute exercise W = Class work on exercise; progress checks and preliminary assignments as required PR = Final exercise presentations and assignments due R E = Administrative team presents lab results and evaluations as required Week 1: Meet with the team that will administer the lab. Give the team the assignment guidelines, and brainstorm initial ideas. Meet with the team as often as necessary during the week to refine and finalize the team’s ideas for the exercise. You must approve the final project before the team presents it to the class.

Week 2: The administrative team assigns the lab to the class. The team designs their own assignment presentation, and may use PowerPoint visuals, handouts, work samples, or other aids. The class spends the week preparing for the exercise, obtaining materials and requesting clarification as necessary from the administrative team. You should supervise and observe this procedure closely, but do not interfere unless necessary.

Week 3: This is the primary exercise work week. The administrative team structures this week according to their exercise outline. They may request short papers, daily reports, or oral presentations, and may give second assignments. The team also may provide individual tutorials on request. Again, supervise and observe this procedure closely, but do not interfere unless necessary.

Week 4: All exercise work, reports, and written assignments should be due back to the administrative team this week. The team should schedule all final presentations for this week as well.

Week 5: The administrative team submits to you a final report on all laboratory exercise activities. The team also submits evaluations and exam questions as outlined in the following section, “Administrative Procedures.”

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES Laboratory Exercise Every laboratory exercise must include the following components: 1. Exercise description: Each administrative team must create and distribute a detailed description of the laboratory exercise assignment. The description must include the relevant conditions of the exercise project, precise procedural instructions, and clear statements of the information required, results expected, and criteria used to determine satisfactory completion.

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2. Oral presentation: This may be in the form of either a traditional presentation or a debate.

Students are required to use presentation software such as Microsoft PowerPoint, if available, and are encouraged to incorporate video and scanned images.

3. Writing assignment(s): This may include an opinion paper, daily progress reports, and/or a formal research report.

4. Minutes: Class working teams must keep and submit minutes of all meetings. Minutes must include the date, place, and time of meeting, names of attending students, outlines of all subjects discussed, and date of next meeting set. All minutes must be signed by their author.

Encourage groups to assign midweek papers or reports, both to minimize procrastination and to ensure all groups are following instructions. Require administrative teams to submit to you all assignment components for approval before presenting them to the class work groups.

Administrative Team Final Submission The student team administering the laboratory exercise must submit to you the following at the close of the exercise period: 1. Minutes: The team must submit minutes of all meetings held in regard to the lab. Minutes must include the date, place, and time of meeting, names of attending students, outlines of all subjects discussed, and date of next meeting set. All minutes must be signed by their author.

2. Assignments: The team must submit copies of all assignments given to the class during the exercise, together with clear statements of the criteria used to determine satisfactory completion.

3. Evaluations: The team must submit written evaluation of each class work group’s performance on the exercise. The evaluation must include all specific comments noted on any written submissions and formal evaluations of all oral presentations. Encourage administrative teams to design appropriate evaluation forms to aid them in this task. The administrative team must also provide copies of all evaluations to every student involved.

4. Exam questions: The team must submit 10 objective questions (true/false or multiple choice) that they believe appropriate for a final exam. Questions must relate directly to the team’s laboratory exercise.

5. Self-evaluation: Team members must submit individual self-evaluations, which should include (1) a subjective statement of the quality of their own participation as a team member, (2) what they feel they learned from the exercise, (3) discussion of which elements of the lab they feel both succeeded and failed, and (4) what changes they would make to the assignment details or procedures should they readminister the lab in the future. Encourage each team to solicit feedback from the class work groups.

SAMPLE LABORATORY EXERCISES Following are actual exercise assignments the author has used in recent years. They are presented as samples only. You are encouraged to design unique assignment outlines that are specific to your personal instructional style and your course focus. The “Required Submittals” listed are those components or criteria the student administrative team must include in its assignments to the student work groups.

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Laboratory Exercise 1 Problem Statement This exercise provides students opportunity to research, practice, and better understand the roles, responsibilities, and concerns of the key construction management participants.

Problem Format Using the PBS video Skyscraper (available through your campus or local library) as an example project, develop an exercise in which students can identify and master the roles and responsibilities of key project participants.

Required Submittals *

Oral component

*

Written component Meeting minutes

*

Demonstrated understanding of key participant roles and responsibilities

*

Demonstrated understanding of communication requirements among participants

*

Demonstrated understanding of contractual relationships among parties

Laboratory Exercise 2 Problem Statement This exercise provides students opportunity to research, practice, and better understand the principal phases of a project.

Problem Format Using as guides their textbook and other appropriate resources, students are to map out the activities necessary to complete a project. The administrative team will create and describe the project. Student work teams may choose to focus on the project as a whole or on specific phases and subphases. Groups must select a specific project delivery method, identify the benefits and consequences of this choice, identify all necessary tasks and the persons responsible, and organize tasks into a logical sequence.

Required Submittals *

Oral component

*

Written component

*

Meeting minutes

*

Demonstrated understanding of project phases and activities

*

Demonstrated understanding of key participant roles and responsibilities

*

Demonstrated understanding of communication requirements among participants

*

Demonstrated understanding of contractual relationships among parties

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Laboratory Exercise 3 Problem Statement This exercise provides students opportunity to research, practice, and better understand the different delivery methods utilized in the construction industry. The exercise’s purpose is to expand on in-class discussion and explore in depth the advantages and limitations of each method.

Problem Format Use a case study format that allows students to review actual, documented construction projects.

Periodicals such as the Engineering News Record are good sources for project data. Students are to master the relationships among project type, owner risk, delivery method, and contract type used.

Required Submittals *

Oral component

*

Written component

*

Meeting minutes

*

Demonstrated understanding of delivery methods and contractual relationships

*

Demonstrated understanding of communication requirements among participants

Laboratory Exercise 4 Problem Statement This exercise provides students opportunity to research, practice, and better understand the purpose, structure, and makeup of a bid package.

Problem Format Using an actual or sample bid package, students are to identify, sort, research, and discuss the package’s components. Students are to learn the purpose and composition of every element of a bid package, and are to identify (1)the relationships among the package’s elements and (2) the relationships of the package and each of its parts to the project as a whole.

Required Submittals *

Oral component

*

Written component

*

Meeting minutes

*

Demonstrated understanding of the structure, composition, and purpose of a bid package

*

Demonstrated understanding of communication requirements among participants

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Laboratory Exercise 5 Problem Statement This exercise provides students opportunity to research a person or project of significance to the construction industry.

Problem Format This is a research exercise. Students may use available library resources and also may seek information form actual practitioners in the industry. Students will prepare a report (1) on a person who made a major technical, artistic, or procedural contribution to the construction industry; or (2) on a project that, whether through success or failure, had a substantial impact on some aspect of the industry’s operations.

Required Submittals *

Oral component

*

Written component

*

Meeting minutes

*

Demonstrated understanding of the history of the construction industry and the roles played by specific persons or projects

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