lOMoARcPSD|11700591
Pharm Flashcards
NERVOUS SYSTEM Benzodiazepines Alprazolam Diazepam Lorazepam Chlordiazepoxide Sedation Dependency/Withdrawal - Short term Antidote is Flumazenil
Atypical Anxiolytics Buspirone No Sedation - No Dependency - Long term Full effects take weeks Take with meals SSRIs
Paroxetine Sertraline Fluoxetine Insomnia Watch for Serotonin Syndrome (Agitation, Hallucinations, Fever, Diaphoresis, Tremors) Do Not Take With St. John’s Wort Full Effects take months
Atypical Antidepressants Bupropion Trazodone (Major Side Effect - Sedation) Depression & Smoke Cessation Insomnia, headache, GI Distress, Weight Loss, Agitation, Seizures TCAs
Amitriptyline Imipramine Sedation, orthostatic hypotension Anticholinergic Effects (Urinary Retention, Constipation, Dry Mouth, Blurry Vision, Photophobia)
MAOIs Phenelzine Tranylcypromine HTN Crisis Do not eat foods with tyramine
lOMoARcPSD|11700591
Mood Stabilizers Lithium Side Effects: GI Upset, Fine Hand Tremors (Coarse in Tox), Polyuria, Weight gain, Kidney Tox, Electrolyte imbalances Monitor Plasma Levels: Tox over 1.5 mEq/L Toxicity (Coarse hand tremors, confusion, hypotension, seizures, tinnitus No diuretics, Anticholinergics or NSAIDs Contraindicated in Renal Disease Closely monitor NA, Drink 2-3 L of water Antiepileptics (Bipolar Disorder) Carbamazepine (Blood Issues (Anemia, Thrombocytopenia & Leukopenia), Vision Issues & Rash) Valproic Acid (GI Upset, Hepatotoxicity, Pancreatitis, Thrombocytopenia) Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Haloperidol EPS, NMS, Agranulocytosis, Anticholinergic Effects, Sedation Monitor Vitals 1-2 hours Benztropine can control EPS Dantrolene can control NMS Atypical Antipsychotics Risperidone (IM q 2 weeks for non-compliance) Clozapine (Agranulocytosis) Olanzapine Diabetes, Weight Gain, Increased Cholesterol, Sedation, Anticholinergic Effects Avoid Alcohol
ADHD Meds Methylphenidate Amphetamine Insomnia, Dysrhythmias, Decreased Appetite, Weight Loss Do not give at night Give Immediately Before/After Meals Monitor Child’s Weight Alcohol Abuse (Withdrawal) *Withdrawal Starts Within 4-12 Hours of Last Drink *Peaks at 24-48 Hours Benzodiazepines - Stabilizes vitals, Decrease Seizures Carbamazepine - Decreases Seizures Clonidine - Decreases BP & HR
lOMoARcPSD|11700591
Beta Blockers - Decreases BP, HR, & Cravings
Alcohol Abuse (Abstinence) Disulfiram - Vomit Naltrexone - Decreases Cravings Acamprosate - Decreases Abstinence Symptoms Opioid & Nicotine Withdrawal Opioid Methadone - Used for Withdrawal & Long-Term Nicotine Bupropion Nicotine Replacements - Gum, Patch, Nasal Spray Varenicline - Reduces Cravings/Withdrawal; monitor for depression Cholinergics Neostigmine Pyridostigmine Edrophonium (Used to Diagnose MG vs. Cholinergic Crisis) Myasthenia Gravis, Reverses Nerve Blocks Increased Salivation, Diarrhea, Nausea/Vomiting, Sweating, Bradycardia Antidote is Atropine
Anti Parkinson’s (Dopamine Agonist) Levodopa/Carbidopa N/V, Drowsiness, Tics, Orthostatic Hypotension, Darkening of urine/sweat Do not take with High Protein Meals, can take with other meals Anti Parkinson’s (Anticholinergic) Benztropine Anticholinergic Effects (Dry mouth, Dry Eyes, Blurry Vision, Urinary Retention) Antiepileptics Phenytoin Lamotrigine Carbamazepine Valproic Acid Gingival Hyperplasia, double vision, rash, ataxia Narrow Therapeutic Range - Monitor Levels Decreases Oral Contraceptives Anti Glaucoma (Beta Blockers) Timolol Glaucoma Hold Gentle Pressure on Nasolacrimal Duct for 30-60 Seconds
lOMoARcPSD|11700591
Anti Glaucoma (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor) Acetazolamide Causes Diuresis Flu Like Symptoms, GI Upset, Electrolyte Imbalance Give with Food Ear Drops to Treat Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear) Cipro W/ Hydrocortisone Roll Container, Don’t Shake Position on Unaffected Side Keep pt on Side for 5 mins Lightly Pack w/ cotton Dry Ear Canal after Swimming/Bathing
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Succinylcholine Pancuronium Respiratory Arrest, Apnea, Malignant Hyperthermia, Muscle Pain Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia (100% O2, Cooling, Dantrolene (Muscle Relaxant)) Muscle Relaxant (Direct on Skeletal Muscle) Dantrolene Used for MS, Muscle Spasm, Cerebral Palsy, Malignant Hyperthermia Drowsiness, Muscle Weakness, GI Upset, Hepatotoxicity Monitor for Liver Damage Muscle Relaxant (Centrally Acting) Baclofen Muscle Spasm, Cerebral Palsy, MS, can also treat Malignant Hyperthermia Drowsiness, GI Upset, Constipation (Increase Fiber) Urinary Tract Stimulant Bethanechol Treats Non-Obstructive Urinary Retention Cholinergic Symptoms (Flushing, Sweating, Urinary Urgency, Bradycardia, Hypotension) Administer 1 Hour Before or 2 Hours After Meals Urinary Tract Antispasmodic Oxybutynin Treats Overactive Bladder Anticholinergic Symptoms (Dry Mouth, Urinary Retention, Constipation, Blurred Vision)
lOMoARcPSD|11700591
Increase Fiber & Fluid
Insomnia Medication Zolpidem Causes Daytime Drowsiness, Dizziness Allow for 8 hours of Sleep
Sedative/Hypnotic Phenobarbital Propofol (High Risk for Bacterial Contamination - Monitor for signs of infection) Midazolam Induces Anesthesia Respiratory/CV Depression Have Resuscitation Equipment Available, Monitor EKG/Vitals RESPIRATORY Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist Albuterol Salmeterol Treats Asthma/COPD Tachycardia, angina, tremors Take 5 Mins Before glucocorticoid Xanthines Theophylline Long term control of Asthma/COPD GI Upset, Dysrhythmias, Seizures Serious side effects, not used much, periodic serum levels Inhaled Anticholinergic Ipratropium Asthma/COPD Dry Mouth, Hoarseness Increase Fluids, suck on sugar free candies Inhaled Glucocorticoids Beclomethasone Asthma Hoarseness, candidiasis (Rinse Mouth) Maintenance Use