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Chapter 6 •
Know the Key Terms (Matching questions). Pg. 93
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AIDS – The later stage of HIV disease that causes a breakdown in the immune system, leaving the patient unable to fight infection.
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Antiretroviral – Drugs that are a subset of antiviral drugs and specifically suppress the reproduction of retroviruses.
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Antiviral – Drugs capable of interfering with the ability of the virus to carry out its reproductive functions.
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cART – A combination of antiretroviral drugs that must be taken every day to combat the progression of HIV disease from becoming AIDS or to prevent HIV infection after exposure.
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Entry Inhibitor – Antiretroviral drugs that prevent cellular infection with HIV by blocking the CCR5 receptor on CD4+ T cells.
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Fusion Inhibitor - Antiretroviral drugs that prevent cellular infection with HIV by clocking the ability of HIV’s surface protein gp41 to fuse with the host cell’s CD4 receptor.
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HIV – The specific retrovirus responsible for the immune system problems associated with destruction of helper T cells (CD4 cells) when the infection results in HIV disease and progresses to AIDS.
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Integrase Inhibitor – Antiretroviral drugs that inhibit the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into host cell’s human DNA.
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Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) – Antiretroviral drugs that work by binding directly to the HIV-1 enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing viral cells DNA replication, RNA replication, and protein synthesis.
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) – Antiviral drugs that have a similar structure to the four nucleoside bases of DNR, making them “counterfeit” bases. When these counterfeit bases are used by the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase, viral DNA synthesis and reproduction are suppressed.
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Opportunistic Infection – a virus, bacteria, protozoa, or fungi that takes the “opportunity” to cause an infection in an immunocompromised host.
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Protease Inhibitor (PI) – Antiretroviral drugs that suppress the formation of infectious virions by inhibiting the retroviral protease enzyme.
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Retrovirus – Viral organisms that carry special enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease) with them and use RNA (ribonucleic acid) instead of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as their genes to reproduce.
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Virion – New viral particles reproduced in cells infected with retroviruses that can leave the cell and infect more human body cells.