Instructor's Manual Principles of Public Speaking, 21st Edition By Dakota Horn

Instructor’s Manual For Principles of Public Speaking, 21st Edition

Table of Contents Syllabus .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Course Schedule ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Discussion Contribution Guidelines /Discussion Facilitation .............................................................. 6 Discussion Question Example ................................................................................................................ 6 TESTBANK ........................................................................................................................................... 12

Syllabus Course Name Semester Year Instructor: Office:

Classroom: Meeting time: Student Conversation Hour: Cell Phone (Text/Call):

Email: Section: Office hours can always be accommodated by appointment.

Office hours may differ during final exam week.

Please contact me through your school email address.

TEXTBOOK

The Principles of Public Speaking. 21st edition. Routledge. ISBN 9781032537634 https://www.routledge.com/Principles-of-Public-Speaking/Horn/p/book/9781032537634 COURSE POLICIES

BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS POLICIES Professional Courtesy. Professional courtesy includes respecting others' opinions, not interrupting in class, being respectful to those who are speaking, and working together in a spirit of cooperation. I expect you to demonstrate these behaviors at all times in this class.

Presentation Etiquette. On presentation days, you have dual responsibilities as a speaker and an audience member. When you are an audience member, you will be attentive and ask challenging but constructive questions when the presentation is finished. Because most people are nervous when they present, you will be supportive both verbally and nonverbally.

Behavioral Expectation Policy. Should any student violate the expectations of appropriate classroom behavior (as mentioned in the professional courtesy and presentation etiquette policies above), the instructor will schedule a meeting to discuss these expectations and develop a behavioral modification plan. If these behaviors persist, you will be at-risk for failing the course.

Determining Your Grade Speeches-Outline turned in on Canvas night before speech Special Occasion Speech Informative Speech Persuasive Speech Advocacy Speech

120 pts 140 pts 160 pts 50 pts

Evaluations3 self-evaluations x 10 6 peer evaluations x 5

30 pts 30 pts

2 exams x 100 points each

200 pts

Discussion Contributions-Turned in during class (must be legible) 10 x 5 each

50 pts

Speaking Activities-Completed randomly throughout the semester

200 pts

Student Conversation Hour Visit

20 pts

Total

1000 pts

Course Schedule WEEK

DATE

DAY

1

1/19

W

1/21

F

1/24

M

1/26

W

1/28

F

1/31

M

3

Speech Anxiety

2/2

W

4

Understanding

2/4

F

2/7 2/9

M W

2/11

F M W F M

2

3

4

5

2/14 2/16

2/18 6

2/21

CHAPTER

MATERIAL COVERED/ACTIVITY Review Syllabus, Introductions Assign Intro Speech Intro/Ice Breaker Speeches

ASSIGNMENTS DUE Show Up

1

The Need for Public Speaking

2

Different Perspectives

Discussion Contribution # 1 (DC) Discussion Contribution # 2

Intro Speeches

Diversity Task Force Activity

5 6

Anxiety Speech/Worksheet Activity Audience Analysis Finding and Using Supporting Material Research Yourself Activity Special Occasion Speech Special Occasion Speech Special Occasion Speech Backchannel Special Occasion Speech Debrief

DC #3

DC # 4

Self-Evaluation & 2 Peer Evaluations due

2/23

W F

7

DC # 5

13

Generating Ideas Audience Analysis Spectrum Activity Organizing and Outlining Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions Transition Activity EXAM #1 8AM-8PM Informative Speeches

3/2

M W

8 9

3/4

F

3/7

M

3/9 3/14 3/16

W F M W

10 11 No Class No Class

Language Delivery and Practice Spring Break Spring Break

DC # 8 DC # 9 No Class No Class

3/18

F

No Class

Spring Break

No Class

3/21 3/23

M W

Informative Workshop Informative Speech

3/25

F

Informative Speech

3/28

M

Informative Speech

3/30

W

Informative Speech

4/1

F

Backchannel Informative Speech Debrief

Self Evaluation & 2 Peer Evaluations due

4/4

M

12

Visual Media

DC # 10

4/6

W

14

Speeches to Persuade

4/8 4/11 4/13

F M W

Persuasive Workshop Persuasive Speeches Persuasive Speeches

4/15

F

Persuasive Speeches

4/18 4/20

M W

Persuasive Speeches Backchannel Persuasive Speech Debrief

2/25

7

8

2/28

3/11 9

10

11

12

13

14

DC # 6 DC # 7

*Self Evaluation & 2 Peer Evaluations due

4/22

15

16

4/29 4/31

F M W

Advocacy Workshop Advocacy Speech Advocacy Speech

5/2

F

Advocacy Speech

5/5

M

Course Debrief/Course Evaluations

*Note: At any point throughout the duration of this course I reserve the right to change the syllabus details. Of course, I will inform you of these changes.

Discussion Contribution Guidelines /Discussion Facilitation Prior to class, it is expected that you have read the chapter assigned for the day. You are also expected to bring a discussion contribution assignment. That consists of three parts:

1. Respond to one of the discussion questions from the chapter we are discussing that day.

2. Write a question and answer that question for the class to answer regarding the material.

3. Discuss in class the questions you and your peers pose and respond to.

Grade breakdown Response to Question-2 points Written and answered question-2 points Engagement and participation in conversation-1 point Total-5 points.

Quite simply, this is a way to help have a conversation with your peers.

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS Discussion Question Example Public speaking is “an important part of citizenship.” In what ways is this so?

Response Public speaking is an opportunity to share our knowledge, life experiences, and ideas with others, and it allows us to get feedback on our ideas. Studying public speaking teaches you to communicate more effectively, and it will also help you be a better consumer of other people’s messages. In short, it allows you to participate more meaningfully in public affairs.

Discussion Question Example What explains why some people prefer community service over more “traditional” political activities, like circulating petitions or supporting political candidates?

Response Reasons, of course, will vary. Some students likely will say they view politics in a very negative sense, which may also explain any aversion to keeping up with current events as reported in the news. You could note how it is up to us to monitor the activities of politicians and communicate with them regarding the issues of the day. You might have them recall some instances in recent years where leaders have responded to the collective voice of the people (e.g., The U.S. Senate’s passage of an energy bill that would increase fuel economy standards for automobiles from the current average of 25 miles per gallon to 35 mpg by 2020. The Senate passed the bill on June 22, 2007, citing it as the will of the people, despite heavy lobbying against the bill by automobile makers and oil companies.)

Discussion Question Example

To really make a difference, you must be politically engaged. What is the basis for this assertion?

Response Many of the problems we face are, at bottom, political problems. We can trace them back to something not being dealt with effectively by elected leaders, who—for whatever reason—have not made the matter a priority or otherwise have not addressed the matter adequately or at all. By utilizing traditional or unconventional ways of expressing your political views, you can make a difference.

Chapter 1     

How can practicing public speaking in a classroom setting help you become a more critical consumer of oral messages?

How do the characteristics of oral culture, such as integrative, redundant, concrete, and situational communication, influence the way we understand and engage with public speaking?

Can you think of any modern examples of public communication that demonstrate the integrative, redundant, concrete, and situational nature of oral culture?

In what ways do listeners judge speakers based on their perceptions of good sense, goodwill, and good morals? How can speakers work within listeners' moral frames to succeed?

Reflecting on your own experiences, how has public speaking or oral communication impacted your life, either positively or negatively?

Chapter 2

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How does cultural background influence the way individuals approach public speaking, and how can speakers effectively communicate across cultural differences?

Can you think of any examples where cultural norms or values have impacted the reception of a public speech? How might speakers navigate these differences?

In what ways can diversity in public speaking enhance the overall discourse and understanding of different perspectives within a community or society?

How can speakers ensure inclusivity and representation of diverse voices in their public speaking engagements?

Reflecting on your own experiences, how has cultural diversity influenced your perception of public speaking, either as a speaker or as a listener?

Chapter 3

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How does speech anxiety manifest itself in different individuals? Are there common physical, emotional, or cognitive symptoms that speakers experience?

What strategies can speakers use to manage and reduce speech anxiety before, during, and after a speech? Have you personally tried any of these strategies, and if so, what was your experience?

How can a supportive audience or environment help speakers overcome speech anxiety? What role can instructors, peers, or colleagues play in creating a supportive speaking environment?

How does the fear of judgment or failure contribute to speech anxiety? How can speakers reframe their mindset to view public speaking as an opportunity for growth and learning rather than a threat?

Can you share a personal experience of overcoming speech anxiety or witnessing someone else overcome it? What lessons can be learned from these experiences?

Chapter 4

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How does active listening contribute to effective public speaking? What are some strategies speakers can use to ensure that their message is being received and understood by the audience?

How can cultural differences affect listening and understanding in a public speaking context? How might speakers adapt their message to ensure it resonates with a diverse audience?

In what ways can nonverbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body language, enhance or detract from a speaker's message? How can speakers use these cues to improve audience understanding?

What role does empathy play in effective listening and understanding in public speaking? How can speakers demonstrate empathy towards their audience to establish a stronger connection?

How can speakers gauge audience understanding during a speech? What are some techniques they can use to clarify points, address confusion, or engage listeners who may be struggling to follow along?

Chapter 5

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Why is it important for speakers to analyze their audience before giving a speech? How does audience analysis contribute to effective communication?

What are some strategies speakers can use to gather information about their audience, and how can this information be used to tailor a speech to the specific audience?

Can you think of a time when a speaker misjudged their audience? What were the consequences, and how could they have better analyzed their audience?

How do factors such as age, gender, education, and cultural background impact the way an audience receives a message? How can speakers adapt their message to resonate with diverse audiences?

In what ways can audience analysis help speakers anticipate and address potential objections or concerns from their audience?

Chapter 6

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What are some effective strategies for finding credible and relevant research sources for a speech topic? How can speakers ensure that the sources they use are reliable and up-to-date?

How can speakers effectively integrate research into their speeches to support their arguments and enhance their credibility? What are some best practices for citing sources during a speech?

In what ways can incorporating research into a speech help to engage and persuade an audience? How can speakers present research findings in a way that is compelling and easy for listeners to understand?

How should speakers balance the use of research with their own insights and experiences in a speech?

When is it appropriate to rely more heavily on research, and when is it more effective to emphasize personal anecdotes or examples?

What ethical considerations should speakers keep in mind when using research in a speech? How can speakers ensure that they are using research responsibly and avoiding plagiarism or misrepresentation of sources?

Chapter 7

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What strategies can speakers use to brainstorm and generate creative ideas for their speeches? How can they ensure that their ideas are original and engaging for their audience?

How can speakers leverage their own interests, experiences, and expertise to develop compelling speech topics? How can they ensure that their topics resonate with their audience?

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In what ways can speakers use research and current events to inspire speech topics and content? How can they incorporate timely and relevant information into their speeches?

How important is it for speakers to consider the interests, values, and background of their audience when generating speech ideas? How can they tailor their topics to meet the needs and expectations of their audience?

What role does experimentation and iteration play in the process of generating speech ideas? How can speakers refine and improve their ideas through feedback and practice?

Chapter 8

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What are the key elements of a well-organized speech? How can speakers effectively structure their content to enhance clarity and coherence?

How can speakers use outlining as a tool to organize their thoughts and ideas before developing their speech? What are some effective outlining techniques that speakers can use?

How important is it for speakers to consider the logical flow of their speech when organizing their content? How can they ensure smooth transitions between ideas and sections?

In what ways can speakers use visual aids, such as slides or diagrams, to enhance the organization of their speech? How can visual aids help reinforce key points and improve audience understanding?

How can speakers adapt their organizational structure based on the needs and preferences of their audience? What strategies can they use to tailor their speech organization to different audience demographics or contexts?

Chapter 9

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How can a speaker use the introduction of a speech to grab the audience's attention and establish credibility? What are some effective techniques for opening a speech?

Why are transitions important in a speech? How can well-crafted transitions help maintain the flow of ideas and keep the audience engaged?

What strategies can speakers use to create a memorable conclusion to their speech? How can a strong conclusion leave a lasting impact on the audience?

How can speakers ensure that their introductions, conclusions, and transitions are cohesive and contribute to the overall structure of their speech? What role do these elements play in guiding the audience through the speech?

How can speakers tailor their introductions, conclusions, and transitions to different types of speeches or audiences? What considerations should they take into account when crafting these elements for different contexts?

Chapter 10

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How can speakers adapt their language to suit the needs and expectations of their audience? What factors should they consider when selecting language for a speech?

In what ways can language be used to enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of a speech? How can speakers use language effectively to convey complex ideas or emotions?

How can speakers avoid using language that may be offensive or alienating to their audience? What strategies can they use to ensure their language is inclusive and respectful?

How can the use of language contribute to the overall tone and mood of a speech? How can speakers use language to create a sense of connection with their audience?

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How can speakers use rhetorical devices such as metaphors, analogies, and storytelling to enhance the impact of their message? What are some examples of effective language use in public speaking?

Chapter 11

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How does the delivery style (e.g., tone, pace, volume) affect the audience's perception of a speaker?

How can speakers adjust their delivery to effectively convey their message?

What role does nonverbal communication (e.g., body language, gestures, eye contact) play in public speaking? How can speakers use nonverbal cues to enhance their message?

How can speakers effectively practice their speeches to improve their delivery? What strategies can they use to overcome nervousness or anxiety?

In what ways can technology be used to enhance the delivery of a speech? What are some potential pitfalls to avoid when using technology in public speaking?

How can speakers engage with their audience during a speech to maintain interest and attention? What are some effective techniques for handling questions and feedback?

Chapter 12

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How can visual aids enhance the effectiveness of a speech? Can you provide examples of visual aids that effectively complemented a speaker's message, and discuss why they were successful?

What are the key considerations when selecting and designing visual aids for a speech? How can speakers ensure that their visual aids are clear, relevant, and impactful?

How do different types of visual aids, such as slideshows, videos, or props, affect audience engagement and comprehension? How can speakers choose the most suitable visual aid for their message and audience?

How can speakers avoid common pitfalls when using visual aids, such as overcrowded slides, illegible text, or distracting graphics? What strategies can speakers use to ensure that their visual aids enhance, rather than detract from, their message?

How can speakers effectively integrate visual aids into their speech delivery? What techniques can speakers use to seamlessly transition between verbal and visual elements, maintaining audience focus and interest throughout the presentation?

Chapter 13

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What are the key elements of an effective informative speech? How does the purpose of an informative speech differ from other types of speeches?

How can speakers select and narrow down a topic for an informative speech? What are some strategies for researching and organizing information on a complex topic?

How can speakers make complex or technical information accessible and engaging to a diverse audience? What role do visuals and examples play in enhancing understanding?

What are some ethical considerations speakers should keep in mind when delivering informative speeches? How can they ensure their information is accurate, unbiased, and relevant to their audience?

How can speakers use storytelling or narrative techniques to make their informative speeches more engaging? How do personal anecdotes or case studies enhance the audience's understanding of the topic?

Chapter 14 

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What are the key components of a persuasive speech, and how do they differ from those of an informative speech? How can speakers effectively establish credibility and rapport with their audience?

How can speakers identify and appeal to the values, beliefs, and emotions of their audience to make a persuasive argument? What role does audience analysis play in crafting a persuasive message?

What are some common persuasive techniques used in speeches, and how can speakers use them ethically and effectively? How can speakers anticipate and address counterarguments to strengthen their own argument?

How do speakers use evidence and reasoning to support their persuasive claims? What types of evidence are most convincing to different audiences, and how can speakers effectively incorporate them into their speeches?

How can speakers use language and delivery techniques to enhance the persuasive impact of their speeches? How do factors such as tone, pacing, and body language affect the audience's perception of the speaker's argument?

Chapter 15

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How does the purpose of the speech influence the content, structure, and delivery of the message? Can you provide examples of speeches with different purposes and discuss how their approaches differ?

What are the key differences between informative, persuasive, and entertaining speeches? How can speakers effectively tailor their approach to each type of speech to achieve their communication goals?

How do the characteristics of the audience impact the selection of the type of speech? How can speakers adapt their speech type to engage and connect with different audiences?

How do speeches for special occasions, such as weddings, funerals, or graduations, differ from other types of public speaking? What unique challenges and opportunities do speakers face when delivering speeches for special events?

How can speakers use storytelling, humor, and emotional appeal to enhance the effectiveness of their speeches? Can you think of any memorable speeches that effectively utilized these elements to engage and persuade the audience?

TESTBANK Chapter 1 1. What are the main characteristics of public communication in oral culture? a) Isolating, concise, abstract, and timeless b) Integrative, redundant, concrete, and situational c) Elaborate, succinct, theoretical, and universal d) Individual, brief, ambiguous, and theoretical 2. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the basic elements in the speech-making process? a) Speaker b) Message c) Situation d) Context 3. According to Aristotle, what factors can influence listeners during a speech? a) Pathos, ethos, and logos b) Context, message, and audience c) Visual aids, tone, and delivery d) Script, visuals, and rehearsal 4. What are the primary ethical responsibilities of a speaker? a) Sound knowledge, clear visuals, and emotional appeal b) Credibility, clear articulation, and emotional engagement c) Good sense, goodwill, and good morals d) Technical expertise, enthusiasm, and honesty 5. Which form of interference in communication is related to psychological factors and closed-mindedness? a) Physical interference b) Semantic interference c) Psychological interference d) Emotional interference 6. What is the primary goal of finding a shared moral frame with your audience as a speaker? a) To impose your values on the audience b) To show your audience you are always right c) To transcend differences and connect with your audience d) To make the audience change their values 7. Public speaking skills can lead to career advancement because they help with: a) Playing musical instruments b) Effective email communication c) Job interviews, meetings, and everyday conversations d) Online gaming 8. Public speaking can help bridge cultural and language barriers in an increasingly globalized world by: a) Eliminating cultural differences b) Providing translators for all speeches c) Allowing for more effective communication and collaboration across diverse audiences d) Promoting cultural isolation Answers: 1. b) Integrative, redundant, concrete, and situational 2. c) Situation 3. a) Pathos, ethos, and logos 4. c) Good sense, goodwill, and good morals

5. c) Psychological interference 6. c) To transcend differences and connect with your audience 7. c) Job interviews, meetings, and everyday conversations 8. c) Allowing for more effective communication and collaboration across diverse audiences

Chapter 2 1. What is the primary challenge with artificial intelligence models in relation to bias? a) They are not trained on human-generated data b) They have a comprehensive understanding of societal norms c) They do not respond to input containing stereotypes d) They can learn and propagate societal biases 2. What is a comprehensive framework or set of beliefs through which individuals interpret and understand the world? a) Language b) Culture c) Race d) Religion 3. Why is it essential to develop cultural intelligence in today's interconnected world? a) To become an expert in every culture b) To foster misunderstandings and conflicts c) To improve communication, empathy, and relationships d) To reinforce stereotypes and biases 4. What should you do when actively working on improving your cultural intelligence? a) Challenge your own cultural biases b) Avoid listening to people from different cultures c) Make broad generalizations about other cultures d) Use slang and idioms in your communication 5. Which of the following is a benefit of incorporating cultural awareness into public speaking? a) Isolation from diverse audiences b) Reduced credibility and trust c) Expanded reach and influence d) Limiting the appeal of your message 6. What does intersectionality acknowledge? a) The interconnectedness of an individual's identity b) The importance of staying within a single cultural perspective c) The absence of overlapping identities d) The lack of unique challenges in diverse groups 7. What can cause misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication? a) Active listening b) Nonverbal cues c) Respect for cultural differences d) Ground rules promoting openness 8. What do speakers need to be attentive to in recognizing and valuing diversity in public speaking? a) The single visible characteristic b) The exclusion of diverse perspectives c) The multifaceted nature of diversity d) A sense of unity among diverse audiences 9. What is essential for individuals, organizations, and societies to harness the power of diversity? a) Unconscious bias b) Isolation from other cultures c) Cultural sensitivity d) Cultural ignorance

Correct Answers: 1. d) They can learn and propagate societal biases 2. b) Culture 3. c) To improve communication, empathy, and relationships 4. a) Challenge your own cultural biases 5. c) Expanded reach and influence 6. a) The interconnectedness of an individual's identity 7. b) Nonverbal cues 8. c) The multifaceted nature of diversity 9. c) Cultural sensitivity

Chapter 3 1. What is the primary physiological response that triggers speaking anxiety or stage fright? a) Excessive sweating b) Release of adrenaline c) A drop in blood pressure d) Rapid breathing **Answer: b) Release of adrenaline** 2. Which of the following individuals experienced speaking anxiety, despite their successful public speaking careers? a) Albert Einstein b) Winston Churchill c) Shakespeare d) Leonardo da Vinci **Answer: b) Winston Churchill** 3. Which term refers to anxiety that occurs in specific situations or settings? a) Trait anxiety b) State anxiety c) General anxiety d) Cyclical anxiety **Answer: b) State anxiety** 4. How can you redirect nervous energy a few minutes before your speech? a) By visualizing the worst-case scenario b) By doing jumping jacks to release energy c) By focusing on your breathing and performing hand exercises d) By trying to calm yourself with a glass of water **Answer: c) By focusing on your breathing and performing hand exercises** 5. What is the benefit of targeting one or two things to improve after a speech, rather than trying to be perfect? a) It helps you avoid speaking in the future b) It makes your anxiety worse c) It keeps your expectations more realistic and reduces performance anxiety d) It leads to more negative feedback **Answer: c) It keeps your expectations more realistic and reduces performance anxiety** 6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method to cope with anxiety during your speech? a) Writing "BREATHE DEEPLY" on your notecards b) Monitoring your negative thoughts c) Avoiding all eye contact with the audience d) Thinking about talking to individuals in the audience **Answer: c) Avoiding all eye contact with the audience** 7. What is the text's message about coping with anxiety? a) It's a one-size-fits-all approach, and you should follow the same strategy for everyone. b) You should strive to eliminate anxiety completely. c) Experiment with different methods and find a personalized approach for you. d) Anxiety and apprehension are the same **Answer: c) Experiment with different methods and find a personalized approach for you.** 8. What is the percentage of adults estimated to have an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives? a) 1 in 10 b) 1 in 5 c) 1 in 3 d) 1 in 50 **Answer: c) 1 in 3**

Chapter 4 1. What is the primary focus of the chapter mentioned in the text?

A) Listening skills B) Speaking skills C) Reading skills D) Writing skills Correct Answer: A) Listening skills 2. What is the RRA technique for in the context of listening?

A) Review, Recap, Analyze B) Review, Recall, Assess C) Review, Relate, Anticipate D) Reflect, Review, Apply Correct Answer: C) Review, Relate, Anticipate 3. Which type of listening focuses on understanding the meaning behind the message?

A) Appreciative listening B) Discriminative listening C) Empathic listening D) Critical listening Correct Answer: B) Discriminative listening 4. What is the primary difference between hearing and listening?

A) Hearing is passive; listening involves thinking.

B) Hearing involves sound waves; listening involves light waves.

C) Hearing is easy; listening is hard.

D) Hearing is a physiological process; listening is a social process.

Correct Answer: A) Hearing is passive; listening involves thinking.

5. Which of the following is NOT one of the five barriers to good listening mentioned in the text?

A) Passive listening B) Drifting thoughts C) Internal perceptual field D) Self-fulfilling prophecies Correct Answer: C) Internal perceptual field 6. Which aspect of listening involves understanding the three essential aspects of speech content?

A) Critical listening B) Reviewing skills C) Appreciative listening D) Comprehension listening Correct Answer: A) Critical listening

7. According to the text, what is the main goal of using artificial intelligence to improve listening skills?

A) To replicate human listening experiences B) To replace human listeners C) To enhance comprehension and engagement D) To eliminate the need for listening skills Correct Answer: C) To enhance comprehension and engagement

Chapter 5 1. What is the primary goal of audience analysis?

A. To stereotype and categorize people based on demographics.

B. To group people based on limited characteristics.

C. To discover the complex makeup of each individual.

D. To assume that everyone thinks and acts exactly the same.

2. Which of the following does psychological profiling aim to identify?

A. Demographic characteristics B. Cultural and ethnic background C. Beliefs, attitudes, and values D. Educational background 3. What are beliefs?

A. Convictions about what is true or false.

B. Tendencies to respond positively or negatively.

C. Basic concepts that organize one's orientation to life.

D. Observable characteristics in groups of people.

4. How can you use psychological profiling information about beliefs in your speech?

A. Challenge beliefs you share with your listeners.

B. Avoid discussing beliefs to maintain neutrality.

C. Ignore the audience's beliefs to avoid controversy.

D. Reinforce beliefs that differ from your own.

5. What are attitudes?

A. Convictions about what is true or false.

B. Tendencies to respond positively or negatively.

C. Basic concepts that organize one's orientation to life.

D. Observable characteristics in groups of people.

6. How can you handle a hostile audience?

A. Avoid speaking to them entirely.

B. Establish goodwill and offer principles of judgment.

C. Use experts and supporting material.

D. Persuade them forcefully with strong language.

7. What do values underlie?

A. Individual beliefs and attitudes.

B. Specific demographic characteristics.

C. The way people categorize others.

D. Social identities.

8. Why is it essential to understand your audience's beliefs, attitudes, and values in speech preparation?

A. To convert every member of the audience.

B. To dictate the content of your speech.

C. To shape your specific purposes and choose supporting materials.

D. To avoid any controversial topics.

Answers: 1. C. To discover the complex makeup of each individual.

2. C. Beliefs, attitudes, and values.

3. A. Convictions about what is true or false.

4. A. Challenge beliefs you share with your listeners.

5. B. Tendencies to respond positively or negatively.

6. B. Establish goodwill and offer principles of judgment.

7. A. Individual beliefs and attitudes.

8. C. To shape your specific purposes and choose supporting materials.

Chapter 6 1. What should you consider when choosing supporting materials for your speech? a) Your favorite topics b) Your audience's favorite topics c) Your main topic, audience, and intended ideas d) The latest news headlines 2. When selecting supporting materials, what does the relevance of an example mean? a) How funny the example is b) How well it matches the main topic c) How many details the example contains d) How well-known the example is 3. Which type of supporting material is most effective in helping an audience understand a complex or abstract idea? a) Examples b) Statistics c) Testimony d) Visual aids 4. If you are delivering a speech to an audience unfamiliar with your topic, what kind of supporting materials should you use? a) Examples b) Statistics c) Testimony d) Technical jargon 5. How can artificial intelligence text generators like ChatGPT be used in the research process? a) To directly perform online searches b) To evaluate the credibility of sources c) To generate content with simple prompts and explore research strategies d) To access virtual libraries 6. What is one key difference between ChatGPT and search engines? a) ChatGPT provides search results in real-time. b) ChatGPT can understand and generate responses conversationally. c) Search engines can maintain context in a conversation. d) Search engines offer personalized responses.

7. When using statistics in a speech, what do you need to do to help your audience understand them better? a) Present statistics exactly as they are without any modifications. b) Translate complex numbers into more understandable terms. c) Always use decimal numbers to maintain precision. d) Avoid using visual materials as they can be distracting.

8. How can you "soften" the numbers when using statistics in your speech? a) Use long and precise numbers for accuracy. b) Round off complicated numbers for simplicity. c) Avoid using analogies to explain statistics. d) Keep statistical data separate from your speech.

9. What is the primary value of statistics in a speech? a) To impress the audience with numbers and data b) To demonstrate your expertise in research c) To provide context and clarity to complex situations d) To overwhelm the audience with data

Answers: 1. c) Your main topic, audience, and intended ideas 2. b) How well it matches the main topic 3. a) Examples 4. a) Examples 5. c) To generate content with simple prompts and explore research strategies 6. b) ChatGPT can understand and generate responses conversationally.

7. b) Translate complex numbers into more understandable terms.

8. b) Round off complicated numbers for simplicity.

9. c) To provide context and clarity to complex situations

Chapter 7 1. What is the first step in selecting and narrowing a subject for your speech?

A. Determine your general purpose B. Analyze your audience C. Brainstorm ideas D. Group your subtopics 2. Which of the following is an example of a general purpose for speaking?

A. To entertain B. To explain how to fix a leaky faucet C. To inform about climate change D. To persuade the audience to become organ donors 3. When selecting your specific purpose for a speech, what should you consider?

A. Multiple short-term purposes B. Long-term purposes only C. A single dominant purpose D. The complexity of the topic 4. Which of the following is NOT a part of the process of narrowing your subject for a speech?

A. Determining your general purpose B. Phrasing the central idea C. Analyzing the audience D. Brainstorming ideas 5. Why is audience orientation important in speech preparation?

A. It helps you choose a general purpose B. It ensures that the audience agrees with your central idea C. It allows you to understand the audience's point of view D. It helps you determine the occasion of the speech 6. Which of the following questions should you consider when analyzing your audience?

A. What is your specific purpose for the speech?

B. How much do your listeners know about the topic?

C. What is the general purpose of the speech?

D. What are the main ideas of the speech?

7. What does the occasion of a speech influence?

A. The central idea of the speech B. The audience's expectations C. The general purpose of the speech D. The speaker's level of expertise 8. Which step in the speech development process focuses on connecting with your listeners?

A. Determining the central idea B. Analyzing the audience C. Selecting the general purpose D. Brainstorming ideas Answers: C (Brainstorm ideas) A (To entertain) C (A single dominant purpose) B (Phrasing the central idea) C (It allows you to understand the audience's point of view) B (How much do your listeners know about the topic?)

B (The audience's expectations) B (Analyzing the audience)

Chapter 8 1. What are the three main reasons for using outlining in speech preparation? a) Testing, guiding, delivering b) Testing, guiding, editing c) Guiding, rehearsing, testing d) Editing, organizing, rehearsing 2. What is the purpose of a speaking outline? a) To develop detailed content for a speech b) To serve as a rough draft for your speech c) To provide a clear visual structure for the audience d) To jog your memory during speech delivery 3. What type of pattern of speech organization is most appropriate when advocating changes in action or thought? a) Chronological pattern b) Inquiry order c) Problem-solution order d) Elimination order 4. When using a problem-solution order in your speech, what should you do after establishing the existence of the problem? a) Present the solution b) Provide evidence for the problem c) Reiterate the problem d) Introduce a new topic 5. In a speaking outline, what should be included for information that must be stated precisely, such as statistics or quotations? a) Subordinate ideas b) Key phrases and terms c) Capital letters and underlining d) Delivery cues 6. Which type of pattern of speech organization involves systematically surveying and eliminating alternatives until only one remains? a) Chronological pattern b) Spatial pattern c) Causal pattern d) Elimination order 7. What should you do in a speaking outline to help jog your memory during speech delivery? a) Use a detailed script of your entire speech b) Include complex, lengthy sentences c) Utilize colorful language and figurative speech d) Add emphasis through capital letters, indentation, or highlighting 8. What type of order is recommended when your main goal is to build credibility and persuade a skeptical audience? a) Inquiry order b) Familiarity-acceptance order c) Elimination order d) Topical pattern 9. When selecting an organizational plan for your speech, which factor should you consider alongside the subject matter? a) The size of the audience b) The location of the speech c) The needs and expectations of the audience

d) The color and design of your visual aids Answers 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

b) Testing, guiding, editing d) To jog your memory during speech delivery c) Problem-solution order a) Present the solution b) Key phrases and terms d) Elimination order d) Add emphasis through capital letters, indentation, or highlighting b) Familiarity-acceptance order c) The needs and expectations of the audience

Chapter 9 1. What are the three main elements of a good conclusion?

A) Restate the Central Idea, Summarize main ideas, Have a Memorable Close B) Issue a Challenge, Use an Illustration, and Summarize Major Points C) Summarize Major Points, Stating a Personal Intention, and Supplying an Additional Inducement D) Challenge the Audience, Summarize Major Points, and State a Personal Intention 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors of attention mentioned in the text?

A) Activity B) Reality C) Consistency D) Familiarity 3. What is the primary purpose of using signposts in a speech?

A) To provide detailed explanations of key points B) To engage the audience with humorous anecdotes C) To guide the audience through the movement of ideas D) To create suspense and conflict 4. What is the recency effect in a speech context?

A) The effect of humor on the audience B) The effect of using startling statements C) The effect of the audience's ability to remember the conclusion D) The effect of using vivid illustrations 5. What is the primary function of an internal summary in a speech?

A) To provide a roadmap for the entire speech B) To restate the central idea of the speech C) To recap the ideas that have been covered before transitioning D) To issue a challenge to the audience 6. Which element should be included in an introduction to establish the speaker's credibility?

A) Attention Getting Device B) Central Idea C) Signposts D) Audience Relevance 7. What does a good introduction primarily aim to do in a speech?

A) Convey the central idea of the speech B) Establish the speaker's relationship with the audience C) Provide a preview of the main points D) All of the above 8. What is the purpose of a transition in a speech?

A) To provide a roadmap for the entire speech B) To signal the conclusion of the speech C) To guide the audience from one idea to another D) To issue a challenge to the audience 9. What is the purpose of a memorable close in a speech conclusion?

A) To summarize the main points of the speech B) To convey a sense of completeness and finality C) To engage the audience with humor D) To provide an additional inducement to the audience 10. Which approach for concluding a speech emphasizes the speaker's intention to take the recommended action?

A) Issuing a Challenge B) Using an Illustration C) Supplying an Additional Inducement to Belief D) Stating a Personal Intention Answers: A) Restate the Central Idea, Summarize main ideas, Have a Memorable Close C) Consistency C) To guide the audience through the movement of ideas C) The effect of the audience's ability to remember the conclusion C) To recap the ideas that have been covered before transitioning D) Audience Relevance D) All of the above C) To guide the audience from one idea to another B) To convey a sense of completeness and finality D) Stating a Personal Intention

Chapter 10 1. What are the three fundamental qualities to develop a clear and effective oral style? a) Precision, complexity, and repetition b) Accuracy, simplicity, and restatement c) Clarity, formality, and variety d) Simplicity, elaboration, and memorization 2. What is the primary purpose of using restatement in your speech? a) To make your speech longer b) To confuse the audience c) To provide an alternative point of view d) To clarify and reinforce ideas for the audience 3. Which of the following is NOT one of the most common language strategies mentioned in the text? a) Definitions b) Imagery c) Metaphors d) Punctuation 4. What is the main goal of creating a rhetorical frame when speaking? a) To limit the audience's perspective b) To confuse the audience c) To create an emotional response in the audience d) To establish an orientation that will be accepted by the audience 5. How does the text suggest using values in rhetorical framing? a) By focusing on negative values for persuasion b) By emphasizing negative values to provoke strong reactions c) By stressing positive values for persuasion d) By avoiding values in framing arguments 6. Which type of imagery helps your audience smell the odors associated with a described situation? a) Visual imagery b) Auditory imagery c) Olfactory imagery d) Tactile imagery 7. What is the main purpose of using imagery in a speech? a) To confuse the audience b) To make the speech longer c) To stimulate sensory recall and engage the audience's senses d) To test the audience's memory 8. What should you consider when adjusting the intensity of your language in a speech? a) Make the language as intense as possible to keep the audience engaged b) Maintain a consistent level of intensity throughout the speech c) Tailor the intensity to your feelings about the topic and how you hope the audience will react d) Keep the language neutral to avoid emotional responses

Answers b) Accuracy, simplicity, and restatement d) To clarify and reinforce ideas for the audience d) Punctuation d) To establish an orientation that will be accepted by the audience c) By stressing positive values for persuasion c) Olfactory imagery

c) To stimulate sensory recall and engage the audience's senses c) Tailor the intensity to your feelings about the topic and how you hope the audience will react

Chapter 11 1. What are some common challenges in public speaking that individuals may experience A) Stuttering and mumbling B) Fumbling with notes and gestures C) Losing your place in your speech D) All of the above 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for choosing a method of speech delivery?

A) Type of speaking occasion B) Purpose of the speech C) Speaker's clothing choice D) Audience expectations 3.

Which type of speech is prepared in advance and presented from speaking notes, allowing for flexibility and spontaneity?

A) Impromptu speech B) Manuscript speech C) Extemporaneous speech D) Memorized speech 4. In an impromptu speech, what is a key aspect of successful organization?

A) Providing multiple points and ideas B) Wandering aimlessly through comments C) Maintaining a single focus D) Using a detailed outline 5. When might a manuscript speech be the most appropriate choice for a speaker?

A) When speaking to friends at a casual gathering B) When addressing a large audience in a formal setting C) When engaging in impromptu conversations D) When speaking at a wedding toast 6. Why is it essential to address ableism in public speaking contexts?

A) To increase the complexity of speeches B) To make public speaking events more exclusive C) To promote inclusivity and accessibility D) To reduce the need for communication 7. What vocal quality is highly valued in our society for effective public speaking?

A) Monotony B) Repetitiveness C) Conversationality D) Loudness

8. What is an effective way to improve enunciation in public speaking?

A) Speak more rapidly to maintain audience engagement B) Blend sounds and skip over syllables C) Ask for exercises from an instructor to enhance performance D) Avoid speaking in large auditoriums 9. In public speaking, what are some ways to make your ideas more interesting through vocal expression?

A) Speaking in a monotone voice B) Using repetitive phrases for emphasis C) Demonstrating enthusiasm through vocal variety D) Speaking softly and slowly

Answers: D) All of the above C) Speaker's clothing choice C) Extemporaneous speech C) Maintaining a single focus B) When addressing a large audience in a formal setting C) To promote inclusivity and accessibility C) Conversationality C) Ask for exercises from an instructor to enhance performance C) Demonstrating enthusiasm through vocal variety

Chapter 12 1. What are the two primary ways in which visual materials enhance a presentation? a) They make the presentation visually appealing and colorful. b) They add humor and entertainment to the speech. c) They aid listener comprehension and memory, and they add persuasive impact to the message. d) They replace the need for spoken language entirely.

2. When deciding to use visual media in a speech, which of the following questions should you consider? a) Will visual media enhance the presentation? b) Will the visuals have many distracting elements? c) Will the visuals replace the speaker's voice? d) What value will the speaker get from using the visual media?

3. Which type of visual media might be the best choice to illustrate the differences between two varieties of onions? a) Bar graphs b) Your own body c) Photographs d) Charts and tables 4. How should a speaker dress when giving a demonstration speech related to their field of expertise? a) In casual clothing b) In a formal suit c) In clothing that complements the visual aid d) In their regular, everyday attire 5. Which type of visual media would be suitable to illustrate the damage to fire-ravaged homes? a) Whiteboard drawings b) Actual objects or props c) Models d) Photographs 6. What should speakers do to ensure that the audience can see their visuals easily? a) Keep visuals small to encourage closer inspection. b) Ensure visuals are displayed on a tiny screen. c) Make visuals neat and error-free. d) Make visuals large enough to be seen easily.

7. To avoid overwhelming your audience with visual data, what is a good practice when using charts and tables? a) Use small, dense charts with detailed information. b) Keep the information as complex as possible. c) Use charts and tables to simplify information. d) Provide minimal explanation for the data.

8. Which type of visual media is most effective for representing numerical data and relationships between variables? a) Photographs b) Models c) Graphs d) Charts and tables 9. How can speakers make sure their visual aids are integrated smoothly into their oral presentation? a) By ensuring that the visuals overpower the verbal message. b) By revealing visuals all at once to capture the audience's immediate attention. c) By speaking directly to the screen or the light source. d) By coordinating the verbal and visual messages effectively.

10. Which of the following tips is NOT recommended for using visual slideshows effectively?

a) Keep slides simple and use consistent fonts and color schemes. b) Insert blank slides between information slides to refocus the audience. c) Prepare and practice your speech with the slides. d) Display all information at once to engage the audience fully.

Answers: 1. c) They aid listener comprehension and memory, and they add persuasive impact to the message.

2. a) Will visual media enhance the presentation?

3. c) Photographs 4. c) In clothing that complements the visual aid 5. d) Photographs 6. d) Make visuals large enough to be seen easily.

7. c) Use charts and tables to simplify information.

8. c) Graphs 9. d) By coordinating the verbal and visual messages effectively.

10. d) Display all information at once to engage the audience fully.

Chapter 13 1. What are the three common types of informative speeches mentioned in the text?

A) Descriptions, narratives, and dialogues B) Explanations, demonstrations, and reports C) Persuasion, entertainment, and demonstration D) Lectures, debates, and reports 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the five qualities a speaker should strive for in an informative speech?

A) Building on the audience's existing knowledge B) Associating new ideas with familiar ones C) Using complex vocabulary to challenge the audience D) Ensuring clarity 3. In a demonstration speech, what is the primary focus?

A) Providing a dictionary definition B) Explaining abstract concepts C) Showing the audience how to do something D) Giving a detailed report 4. Which type of speech is primarily intended to inform the audience about a specific topic or event?

A) Explanation B) Demonstration C) Report D) Persuasion 5. What language choice is recommended in an explanation speech?

A) Use complex, technical language B) Employ vivid and descriptive language C) Use clear and concise language D) Incorporate emotional language 6. What is the purpose of repetition in an informative speech?

A) To bore the audience B) To emphasize key points and improve recall C) To confuse the audience D) To keep the speech concise 7. What is one way to engage an apathetic audience in an informative speech?

A) Avoid introducing new information B) Make the audience aware that they don't need to know the topic C) Pose questions or scenarios that create curiosity D) Avoid using visualizations 8. What are some key characteristics that make a good teacher or informative speaker, according to the text?

A) Inflexibility, limited subject mastery, and dispassion B) Lack of empathy, no organizational skills, and avoidance of creativity C) Passion, adaptability, empathy, and organizational skills D) Redundancy, lack of motivation, and unfamiliarity with the subject matter 9. Which term refers to the recreation of events or ideas in a way that helps the audience "see" them?

A) Clustering B) Demonstration C) Visualization D) Association Answers:

1. B) Explanations, demonstrations, and reports 2. C) Using complex vocabulary to challenge the audience 3. C) Showing the audience how to do something 4. C) Report 5. C) Use clear and concise language 6. B) To emphasize key points and improve recall 7. C) Pose questions or scenarios that create curiosity 8. C) Passion, adaptability, empathy, and organizational skills 9. C) Visualization

Chapter 14 1. In Monroe's motivated sequence, what is the first step? a) Need b) Visualization c) Action d) Attention **Correct Answer: d)** Attention 2. What is the primary goal of speeches to persuade, according to the text? a) To inform the audience b) To entertain the audience c) To change the thinking or behavior of the audience d) To promote a specific product **Correct Answer: c)** To change the thinking or behavior of the audience 3. What is the difference between persuasion and argumentation, as discussed in the text? a) Persuasion relies on reasoning, while argumentation relies on emotion. b) Persuasion works through facts, while argumentation works through opinions. c) Persuasion focuses on changing behavior, while argumentation focuses on changing thoughts. d) Persuasion works through emotion, while argumentation acts through reasoning. **Correct Answer: d)** Persuasion works through emotion, while argumentation acts through reasoning.

4. What is the final step in Monroe's motivated sequence? a) Need b) Visualization c) Action d) Attention **Correct Answer: c)** Action 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary elements of an argument, as described in the text? a) The claim b) The evidence c) The conclusion d) The reasoning pattern **Correct Answer: c)** The conclusion 6. In the text, what is the key to persuasion? a) Logical reasoning b) Understanding the audience's needs and desires c) Emotional appeals d) Visual aids **Correct Answer: b)** Understanding the audience's needs and desires 7. What is the main purpose of the "Visualization" step in Monroe's motivated sequence? a) To create curiosity b) To provide examples c) To intensify desire d) To present statistical data **Correct Answer: c)** To intensify desire 8. Why is credibility important in persuasive speeches, according to the text? a) It helps the speaker earn more money. b) It makes the speech more entertaining. c) It enhances the audience's perception of the speaker's expertise and trustworthiness. d) It increases the length of the speech. **Correct Answer: c)** It enhances the audience's perception of the speaker's expertise and trustworthiness.

9. Which type of claim asserts that something should or should not be done? a) Claim of fact b) Claim of value c) Claim of policy d) Claim of argumentation **Correct Answer: c)** Claim of policy

Chapter 15 1. How has technology influenced public speaking over the past two decades? a. It has made public speaking obsolete b. It has led to longer attention spans in the audience c. It has revolutionized public speaking through digital platforms d. It has made public speaking more formal 2. What type of speeches aim to create an emotional examination of special community challenges? a. Speeches of Introduction b. Speeches of Courtesy c. Speeches to Stimulate d. Speeches to Advocate 3. What is the main goal of a speech of introduction? a. To deliver the main message of the featured speaker b. To promote the speaker's accomplishments c. To prepare the audience to accept the featured speaker and their message d. To entertain the audience with personal anecdotes 4. What is the purpose of speeches of courtesy? a. To create a sense of good feeling in the audience b. To challenge the audience's beliefs c. To inform the audience about current events d. To persuade the audience to take action 5. What do speeches to stimulate aim to do? a. Provide specific directions for change b. Initiate public discussion and engage listeners' feelings and thinking c. Deliver a formal and scripted message d. Focus on humorous anecdotes 6. What is the primary purpose of an advocacy speech? a. To entertain the audience with funny stories b. To inform the audience about current events c. To persuade the audience to support a particular cause or idea d. To criticize and condemn opposing viewpoints 7. When delivering a recorded presentation, what is one advantage you have? a. Real-time audience interaction b. The ability to make on-the-spot adjustments c. The chance to include spontaneous moments d. Flexibility in timing and the ability to re-record 8. What is a key difference between live presentations and recorded presentations? a. Live presentations allow for post-production enhancements b. Recorded presentations offer real-time audience interaction c. Live presentations demand adaptability to unforeseen circumstances d. Recorded presentations require on-the-spot adjustments 9. Why is authenticity important in public speaking? a. It helps speakers avoid preparing for their speeches b. It resonates deeply with the audience and strengthens the connection to the message c. It makes the speech more formal and rigid d. It is not relevant in modern public speaking Answers:

1. c. It has revolutionized public speaking through digital platforms 2. c. Speeches to Stimulate 3. c. To prepare the audience to accept the featured speaker and their message 4. a. To create a sense of good feeling in the audience 5. b. Initiate public discussion and engage listeners' feelings and thinking 6. c. To persuade the audience to support a particular cause or idea 7. d. Flexibility in timing and the ability to re-record 8. c. Live presentations demand adaptability to unforeseen circumstances 9. b. It resonates deeply with the audience and strengthens the connection to the message