Dimensions of Nursing Practice Final Review Module 1 (Chapters 2, 4, 5 Nursing Now!) Chapter 2
Identify the “father of modern medicine” and key historical persons who advanced the nursing profession Hippocrates was called “the father of medicine.” His beliefs focused on harmony with the natural law instead of on appeasing the gods. Key historical persons who advanced the nursing profession: o Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) o Isabel Adams Hampton Robb (1860–1910) o Lillian Wald (1867–1940) o Lavinia Lloyd Dock (1858–1956) o Annie W. Goodrich (1866–1954) o Loretta C. Ford (1920–)
Review the evolution of symbols in nursing and significance of these symbols The Lamp: the simple definition of a lamp is a device that provides a continuous source of light for an extended period of time. The Nursing Pin: The first modern nursing pin is attributed to Florence Nightingale. Like the badge worn by law enforcement officers, it is also a sign of their legal authority as licensed professionals. The Nursing Cap: the white cap that signified “service to others.” The cap's primary purpose was to keep the nurse's long hair from getting in the way, but it also identified nurses who had graduated from Bellevue.
Chapter 4
List the QSEN competencies and relationship to nursing education Current leaders in nursing education have built on the Nightingale, Pew, and IOM principles and developed the QSEN competencies to help guide what is being taught in nursing programs. The six competencies are: o Client-centered care. o Teamwork and collaboration. o Evidence-based practice (EBP). o Quality improvement (QI). o Safety. o Informatics.
Identify and discuss the importance of Interprofessional education for nurses Interprofessional education is defined as “two or more students from different professions learning about, from and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.” Interprofessional (or transprofessional education) will force professionals to be collaborative and effective teams that are non-hierarchical, thus promoting better client care.
Chapter 5
Identify the purpose and needs for nursing licensure Licensure is conducted by the state through the enforcement powers of its regulatory boards to protect the public's health, safety, and welfare by establishing professional standards. Licensure for nurses, as for other professionals who deal with the public, is necessary to ensure that everyone who claims to be a nurse can function at a minimal level of competency and safety.
Review examples of ways a nursing license may be revoked o o o o o
Conviction for a serious crime Demonstration of gross negligence or unethical conduct in the practice of nursing Failure to renew a nursing license while still continuing to practice nursing Use of illegal drugs or alcohol during the provision of care for clients or use that carries over and affects clients’ care Willful violation of the state's nurse practice act
Identify why it is important for nurses to join professional organizations By working together for a specific purpose, an association or organization amplifies its impact, and by developing a strategic plan, it focuses that impact to achieve certain results. Professions with just one major organization generally have a great deal of political power.
Define ways a professional organization can impact nursing An individual nurse probably does not have much influence, but for nurses as a group, the potential is increased exponentially by the organization. The dedication to high-quality nursing standards and improved methods of practice by the major nursing organizations has led to improved care and increased benefits to the public as a whole.
Module 2 (Chapters 1, 17 Nursing Now!) Chapter 1
Define evidence-based practice Evidence-based practice is the practice of nursing in which interventions are based on data from research that demonstrates that they are appropriate and successful. It involves a systematic
process of uncovering, evaluating, and using information from research as the basis for making decisions about and providing client care. Determine the main method in which nurses can gain power in nursing The first, and certainly the most important, way in which nurses can gain power in all areas is through professional unity. The most powerful groups are those that are best organized and most united.
Chapter 17
Define civility and examples of civility in nursing education A simple definition of civility is for people to treat others as they would wish to be treated (the Golden Rule). In nursing, civility is one of the underpinnings of caring and can even be considered a moral imperative (i.e., a rule or principle originating in a person's mind that forces the person to act in a certain manner).
Describe behaviors that are considered uncivil and civil in the clinical setting Civil behaviors: o Assume goodwill. o Respect and celebrate differences. o Communicate respectfully. o Listen carefully. o Come to clinical prepared and on time. o Share work equally among group members. o Resolve conflicts directly and with respect. o Have fun! Uncivil behaviors: o Impoliteness o Rudeness o Psychological violence o Bullying o Lateral or vertical violence o Overt vertical violence o Homicide
Module 3 (Chapter 14 Nursing Now!) What is healthcare delivery? How does this affect nursing care? What demographic trends are affecting healthcare delivery? What are the 4 systems types in Western Medicine and what are the goals of each system? The delivery of health care is the action or activities of supplying or providing services to maintain health, detect illness, and cure those who are ill or injured. Nursing practice is
influenced by political, societal, and cultural realities and needs to adapt to the changing world that affects everyday practice. The 4 types of systems and their goals in Western Medicine: 1) Private health insurance (goal is to preserve autonomy) 2) National health insurance (goal is egalitarian) 3) National health service (goal is egalitarian) 4) Socialized health system (goal is essential service)
What is a prospective payment system? What is a capitated payment system? The prospective payment system required facilities providing services to Medicare clients to be reimbursed using a fixed-rate system and included monetary incentives to reduce the length of hospital stays. In a capitated payment system, participants pay a flat rate, usually through their employer, to belong to a managed care organization (MCO) for a specified period of time.
Please have an understanding of each health-care model listed in Boxes 14.1-14.5. Medicare MCO (Managed Care Organizations), Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO), Medicare, Medicaid, Traditional Private Insurance, Long-Term Care Insurance.
What are the 3 levels of service in health care? 1. Primary care 2. Secondary care 3. Tertiary care
Please review all of the healthcare settings listed in the text: public health, home health, school, community health, clinics, occupational health, hospital, long-term care, rehabilitation, assisted living, day-care, rural care, hospice, telehealth, etc. o o o o o o o
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Public health - government agencies that are established at the local, provincial or state, and federal levels to provide health services. Home health - care of the ill and injured in the home School - services include screenings, health promotion and illness prevention programs, and treatment of minor health problems. Community health - centers have diagnostic and treatment facilities that provide medical, nursing, laboratory, and radiological services. Clinics - services range from routine health screening to illness diagnosis and treatment and even some minor surgical procedures. Occupational health - services range from providing exercise facilities and fitness programs to health screenings and referrals. Hospital - general hospitals offer a variety of services, such as medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and psychiatric care. Other hospitals may offer specialized services, such as pediatric care. Long-term care - services are provided for both elderly and younger clients who have similar needs, such as clients with spinal cord injuries.
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Rehabilitation - common types of rehabilitation units include geriatric, chemical dependency, stroke, and spinal cord injury units. Assisted living - centers consist of separate apartments or condominiums for the residents and provide amenities such as meal preparation and laundry services. Day-care - adult day-care centers provide services for elderly adults who cannot be left at home alone but do not require institutionalization. Rural care - many rural towns, it is common to have small hospitals or other health-care facilities available to provide basic health-care services. Most of these facilities have basic laboratory and radiological services available. Hospice - care emphasizes physiological and psychological support for clients who have terminal diseases. Telehealth - services are generally available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Nurses answer the phones, supply answers to health-related questions, and advise callers on how to handle non-urgent health situations.
Objective 2: Identify different staff that work on and contribute as team members to delivery safe competent care.
Please understand the roles of nurses in each of the health care settings listed above. Nursing is as complex as the health-care system. It occurs in a wide variety of locations, and the role of the nurse will vary just as much as the health-care systems do. How a nurse functions in a hospital is different from how a nurse functions in parish nursing, but the caring and compassion that nurses bring to their roles will not vary.
Module 4 (Chapter 3 Nursing Now!) Objective 1: Describe the importance of theory-based practice to the profession
What is a model? What is a theory? What is evidence-based practice? A theory refers to a speculative statement involving some element of reality that has not been proved. A model is a hypothetical representation of something that exists in reality. Evidencebased practice is the active application of the current best evidence to make the optimal decisions about the treatment of individual clients using statistical data to estimate the riskbenefit ratio that was supported by high-quality research on population samples.
What do nursing models and theories do for nursing practice, and our profession? Both models and theories help explain and direct nursing actions. Using a systematic and structured approach, is one of the key elements that raises nursing from a task-oriented job to the level of a profession that uses judgment and knowledge to make informed decisions about client care.
Objective 2: Develop a philosophy of professional nursing