Sports Turf: Looking back at Canada’s World Cup games P11
Equipment: Winterizing tractors for the colder weather P21
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Health & Safety: Be ready to apply first aid P24
October 2026 FALL & WINTER PREP ISSUE
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CONTENTS
October 2026 Vol. 39, No. 6 turfandrec.com
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8 DEPARTMENTS 06 | In the news Book provides evidence of golf’s environmental, social values
PHOTOS: (T H I S PAG E) EC HO; DR. SA R A ST R IC K E R; KU B OTA (COV E R) EC HO
21 | Winter preparations Preparing tractors for winter weather will help avoid costly repairs
FEATURES
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COVER STORY Robotics get applause in golf Stittsville Golf Club a pioneer in using robotic mowers to cut fairways and rough
19 COLUMNS 04 | From the editor Bearing witness to golf’s advancements over the years 26 | Health & Safety First aid: Being ready when every second counts
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Inside field’s FIFA changes DTM students reflect on BMO Field’s transformation to meet FIFA World Cup requirements
ON THE COVER Robotic mowing of a golf green collar
ISSN 1488 0865. Turf & Rec is published 7 times per year by Annex Business Media. Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement No. 40065710. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Circulation Department, 111 Gordon Baker Rd., Suite 400, Toronto, ON M2H 3R1. No part of the editorial content in this publication may be reprinted without the publisher’s written permission. © 2026 Annex Business Media. All rights reserved. Opinions expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the editor or publisher. No liability is assumed for errors or omissions. All advertising is subject to the publisher’s approval. Such approval does not imply any endorsement of the products or services advertised. Publisher reserves the right to refuse advertising that does not meet the standards of this publication. Printed in Canada.
From the editor turfandrec.com
By Mike Jiggens
Bearing witness to golf’s advancements over the years
B
y the time this issue rolls off the press, the 2026 golf season will have come to an end in most parts of Canada. It’s a time of year I lament. For one, I’ve never been a fan of winter, and the snow will be flying before we know it. Secondly, I hate the thought of putting my clubs away for the next several months and stewing about it until April. There’s solace, however, in talking about golf, especially when there are new and exciting things happening in the industry such as the adoption of robotic mowers on golf courses. Turf & Rec conducted a live webinar in June to learn more about how the Stittsville Golf Course near Ottawa has embraced robotic mowers to maintain its fairways, collars, tees and roughs. Although the webinar was well attended, we thought we’d share in this issue what was said with those unable to watch the live presentation since Stittsville is a pioneer in this endeavour. The industry has changed considerably over the past several decades. Turf & Rec is celebrating its 40th anniversary in 2027 and has documented many of these changes over the past 40 years. Robotic
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mowing was probably never even a thought in 1987. Nor was GPS guidance, smartphone apps to control such golf course operations as irrigation, and artificial intelligence which is raining down upon us virtually everywhere we look.
The golf industry itself has experienced a series of peaks and valleys during these years Turf & Rec’s 40th anniversary year will include special features that will take a walk down memory lane, looking at the advances in technology through the years, the political decisions that have altered maintenance practices, and the growing trend toward environmental stewardship. I’ve been fortunate to have witnessed most of these changes firsthand, having been associated with Turf & Rec for all but its first seven years. The golf industry itself has experienced a series of peaks and valleys during these years. There was the golf boom of the late 1990s and early 2000s, with new courses springing up everywhere – due in large part to the Tiger Woods effect. The
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golf explosion soon resulted in supply overshadowing demand, and golf took a step backwards. A pandemic, of all things, eventually reversed golf’s fortunes, boosting the number of rounds played and creating a newfound enthusiasm for the game. In many circles, that postCOVID fervor still exists. I credit Turf & Rec for my never-wavering passion for golf over these past 30-plus years. I’d likely still be toiling with a 20-something handicap, playing no more than a handful of rounds a season if I hadn’t joined this publication. Having been given the opportunity to play in several industry-related events over the years, it was my goal to do something about that rather lofty handicap so that I could avoid personal embarrassment. The past quarter-century has seen me join a local club – where I now run its men’s league – and beat my handicap down to a single digit (it’s nine, but still a single digit). And this is why I largely lament the end of golf season. Just as my game improves, the season grinds to a halt, and I’m challenged to remember all the things I did right over the next several months before spring arrives again.
Reader Service Print and digital subscription inquiries or changes, please contact Angelita Potal, Customer Service Tel: 416-510-5113 apotal@annexbusinessmedia.com Mail: 111 Gordon Baker Rd., Suite 400 Toronto, ON M2H 3R1 Editor Mike Jiggens mjiggens@annexbusinessmedia.com Advertising Manager Rebecca Lewis 519-400-0322 rlewis@annexbusinessmedia.com Account Coordinator Emily Guimarães 416-510-5118 eguimaraes@annexbusinessmedia.com Audience Development Manager Anita Madden 416-510-5183 amadden@annexbusinessmedia.com Group Publisher Anne Beswick 416-410-5248 abeswick@annexbusinessmedia.com CEO Scott Jamieson sjamieson@annexbusinessmedia.com Printed in Canada ISSN 1186-0170 PUBLICATION MAIL AGREEMENT #40065710 SUBSCRIPTION RATES Published 7 times a year – Jan/Feb, March, Apr/May, June/July, Aug/Sept, October, Nov/Dec Canada – 1 year $37.13 CAD; 2 year $47.74 CAD (plus applicable taxes; single-copy$7.00 CAD USA – 1 year $50.92 CAD HST 86717 2652 RT0001 Occasionally, Turf and Recreation will mail information on behalf of industry related groups whose products and services we believe may be of interest to you. If you prefer not to receive this information, please contact our circulation department in any of the four ways listed above. Annex Privacy Office privacy@annexbusinessmedia.com Tel: 800.668.2374 No part of the editorial content of this publication may be reprinted without the publisher’s written permission © 2026 Annex Business Media. All rights reserved. Opinions expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the editor or the publisher. No liability is assumed for errors or omissions. All advertising is subject to the publisher’s approval. Such approval does not imply any endorsement of the products or services advertised. Publisher reserves the right to refuse advertising that does not meet the standards of the publication.
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In the news
Football Canada, a national governing entity overseeing amateur football at local, regional and provincial levels, won’t be following the Canadian Football League’s lead next year when the CFL implements several changes to its field dimensions and setup. The 2027 CFL season will see the length of fields reduced in size to 100 yards from 110 yards, the end zones shortened by five yards to 15 yards, and the goalposts mounted to the back of the end zones. Football Canada’s decision not to comply with the CFL’s lead is that the changes would require the costly retrofitting of fields.
The length of shortened CFL fields beginning in 2027
Post World Cup, NFL players want same natural turf fields The National Football League is ready to kick off its new season, but players whose home stadiums were converted to natural grass during the summer’s FIFA World Cup tournament aren’t happy about the return to playing on artificial turf. Seven NFL stadiums underwent a temporary conversion from artificial to natural surfacing for the soccer tournament. The return to synthetic grass has frustrated players, who claim a natural grass surface is less damaging to the body. The NFL Players Association is overwhelmingly in agreement that games should be played on natural grass with 92 per cent of union members in support.
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92%
Percentage of NFL players who wish to play on natural grass
As golf faces renewed scrutiny over its environmental impact, a new book argues that the game’s footprint is not only defensible but also measurable, beneficial, and often misunderstood. The latest spark came from a recent podcast, when “Shark Tank” investor Kevin O’Leary claimed that golf courses use more water than data centres. In his new book, The Sustainable Sport, golf course architect Forrest Richardson challenges that claim with evidence of golf’s ecological merits, social value, and economic benefits. He shows how golf’s five million acres worldwide can benefit communities, economies, and the environment, including how courses interact with water and ecosystems. “While I don’t claim to know much about modern data centres,” said Richardson, whose work has focused on golf course design and land planning, “I do know the measurable value of golf courses. Golf rests on a strong three-legged stool of social, economic, and environmental benefits. Data centres may offer a trade-off, but golf should not be thrown under the bus to defend them.” Richardson’s new book details how golf courses can filter water from treated wastewater, with much of it returning to the ground scrubbed clean after passing through turfgrass and soil. Some water is absorbed by roots and released through transpiration, while some evaporates before the grass can use it. That is why modern irrigation technology has focused on improving sprinkler efficiency and reducing direct evaporation. Numerous water use studies are
cited to correct common misconceptions, including: • Although golf courses account for less than 3 per cent of all U.S. turf areas, they represent only 1.3 per cent of irrigation demand, a difference Richardson attributes to golf’s efficiency of water management. • Over the past 20 years, U.S. golf courses have reduced their water reliance by 30 per cent. • Golf courses built near homes or businesses effectively drain and filter water affected by dense urban areas. • The water draining out of golf courses is generally far cleaner than water draining into golf courses. Richardson also noted that golf has spent years responding to sustainability claims with research, measurement, and evolving course-maintenance practices. The Sustainable Sport presents a rigorous, fact-based case for golf’s environmental, economic, and social value, drawing on Richardson’s decades of experience as a golf course architect and land planner. Having designed and studied courses across diverse October 2026
PHOTO: H U N T E R PU B L IC R E L AT IONS
Book provides evidence of golf’s environmental, social values
Football Canada won’t follow CFL’s lead to alter field dimensions
PHOTO: F R E E PI K.COM
Sault Ste. Marie amends its city bylaw to allow for naturalized residential lawns landscapes, he brings both technical acumen and practical credibility to questions of water use, turf management, ecosystem stewardship, and the game’s broader role in communities worldwide. Richardson also directly addresses golf’s critics, explaining how the game’s nearly 600-year global footprint intersects with world economies, socialization, and the environment. The book examines the water cycle, chemicals used on golf courses, how modern course design and maintenance have advanced conservation-minded practices, and why golf’s measurable benefits should be weighed against common misconceptions.
A bylaw amendment now allows homeowners in Sault Ste. Marie to grow “naturalized” lawns. The previous bylaw, which prohibited turfgrass from exceeding 20 centimetres in height, no longer applies unless excessive growth creates an unsafe condition to public health, public safety or poses a fire hazard. The amendment permits homeowners to maintain naturalized properties in alignment with a recent Superior Court of Justice case which sided with a Mississauga man who fought to keep his property naturalized. The bylaw prohibits the existence of dead or decaying trees and branches.
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COVER STORY
Robotics get applause on golf turf This story is based on a webinar in June sponsored by Echo Robotics. To view the webinar on demand, scan here.
O
nce looked upon as science fiction, robotic mowing has very much become science fact in recent years and has evolved into an important component of sports field and municipal green space maintenance. Its inclusion into grounds maintenance inventory has been justified through reduced fuel expenditures, decreased noise, a lighter footprint on the environment, the ability to mow during non-traditional work hours, and the means to shift labour to tackle other tasks. Although it hasn’t embraced the technology as readily as has the municipal sector, the golf industry is beginning to realize the advantages of robotic mowing and how the return on investment makes its adoption worth serious consideration. Greg Robertson, superintendent and owner of the Stittsville Golf Club near Ottawa, is among the early pioneers in Canada’s golf industry to incorporate robotic mowing into its course maintenance program. He said the driving factor behind his adoption of robotic mowing included staffing, reduced costs and dealing with reliability and accountability. Robots were introduced at Stittsville in August of 2025. The 8
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The Stittsville Golf Club began mowing its fairways, roughs, tees and collars late last season
machines are used to cut tees, fairways, roughs and collars. Stittsville’s grounds maintenance staff were understandably concerned about their status once the robots were introduced, Robertson said. “The crew at first reacted as you’d expect,” he said. “They were worried that they were going to lose their jobs, but it wasn’t about removing people’s jobs. We’ve actually reallocated to be able to do a lot more course improvements while the robots are out doing their thing.” Robertson said his staff has adapted to working alongside the robotic mowers, accomplishing other work while the course is being mowed. He said placing the mowers in motion is as simple as setting their schedules and letting them go. “They have worked 24/7, and no overtime pay is required. It really takes no time adjusting the mowers. It’s minutes on your phone or your computer if you want to adjust the heights. So, once the initial setup is done, there’s very little that you’re doing with these robots.” When robotic mowers were first put to use cutting Stittsville’s roughs, the cutting height was set at two and a half inches to promote plant health. October 2026
A L L PHOTOS: EC HO
Stittsville Golf Club a pioneer in using robotic mowers to cut fairways and rough. By Mike Jiggens
‘It’s a very noticeable difference in the amount of compaction that’s reduced’
cutting implements are checked regularly and replaced as needed. Some blades have fared better than others, but as of June a full switchover wasn’t necessary. Improved plant health Improved plant health and enhanced aesthetics are attributes of Stittsville’s adoption of robotic mowing, Robertson said. The mowers’ weight and the fact they’re tracked by GPS presents a deterrent to theft. If a mower is stolen, there isn’t much the thief can do with it, Robertson said, adding he’s had no issues with vandalism, either. Occasionally, someone will lift the mower’s lid out of curiosity or push the stop button. That immediately sends an alert to Robertson’s phone. “It’s not a big deal. You realize what’s happened, and you just tell it to go back to work, and it does.” The software tied with the mower notes where the robot is at all times and when it’s on and operating. The machines operate via an RTK base station. The initial setup requires walking the boundaries at the edge of every hole, every fairway and all other pertinent areas. “And then, after that, those become its hard boundary lines. We don’t actually put them directly around the bunkers, just because we can’t control golfers and where they’re going to place the rakes. So, if they’re going to be going out at night and when we’re not here, we don’t want to be getting messages saying it’s hung up on another rake.” ai1681314469190_De Groot 3.475 x 4.75 Ad.pdf 1 2023-04-12 11:47:50 AM
“We actually had to come down to the two-inch mark because without the weight of a traditional mower and without the rollers, the rough had gotten unbelievably dense, so we had to come down to that two-inch mark. But, when we go out on fairways, they’re cutting at the half-inch mark which is where we’ve always cut fairways.” Adjustable mowing heights Robertson said the heights generally remain consistent but can be adjusted accordingly during periods of drought. “It’s a really easy process for that sort of thing.” Maintenance of the robots is relatively routine. The machines at Stittsville are cleaned three times a week by simply lifting them and using a leaf blower to remove clippings or other trapped matter. An employee also checks the mowers’ blades, ensures everything is in proper working order, and places the machines back on their chargers so that they’re ready to go the next time. “It takes one guy about three hours to do everything.” The robots are treated just like staff, Robertson said, and are actively mowing while golfers are playing. “The golfers love them. People love that they’re very quiet. They work around you. There’s no noise associated with them. Nobody is bothered by them at all. They actually like seeing them out.” Fairways, tees and approaches are cut every day and a half while rough is mowed every second day. In June, during a period of steady rainfall, the robots were sent out all day and all night afterward to tackle the growing turf. Robertson said the machines were operating 72 hours non-stop. In a normal season, when irrigation is used, fairways, tees and collars are cut from 8 p.m. to about 1 a.m. and then return from 6:30 a.m. to about 12:30 p.m. The mowers, which weigh about 165 pounds, don’t contribute to soil compaction, he said. “It’s a very noticeable difference in the amount of compaction that’s reduced. It’s such a minimal footprint that these things are out there putting down every day.” Stittsville has 10 robotic mowers in use while its nearby partnered club – Lombard Glen – has nine. The robots are also used for range ball picking. The amount of clippings left on the property has been virtually eliminated, although some were left behind after heavy rain events. Robertson said golfers have come to appreciate the lack of clippings on the ground. Two months into the 2026 season, the mowers’ blades still didn’t need changing. Similar to razor blades, the inexpensive turfandrec.com
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COVER STORY
LEFT TO RIGHT: Besides their ability to mow, robots are also used for ball picking at the driving range; Robotic mowers cut the rough at the Stittsville Golf Club every other day.
Robertson said the cost of charging the mowers versus the expense of fueling traditional mowers with gasoline or diesel is significant. The club’s electric bill has increased minutely, he said, where it’s virtually unnoticeable. Fuel savings, however, were in the neighbourhood of $16,000 as of late June of this season. “It’s been a very significant decrease in our fuel costs.” The savings in oil has been “astronomical,” Robertson added, noting there are no more hydraulic leaks to be concerned about. A focus on other tasks With other maintenance tasks assigned to staff while the robots are mowing, it has enabled the club to improve cart paths, build
new tees and fix up bunkers. “It’s allowed us to focus on other things.” The life expectancy of the mowers is eight to 10 years, he said, but they’ve lasted upwards of 14 years in Europe. Properly maintaining the robots’ charge system and batteries can extend battery life to about five years before they require replacement. The Stittsville club has kept its traditional mowing equipment as a backup. Gas-powered mowers may be needed in situations where a robot is denied a clear view of the sky for proper connectivity, such as under trees. Robertson said nothing beats the cut of a reel, noting the club will send its fairway mowers out once a month to execute a true cut. “If we’re aerating or doing anything like
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that, I’d rather put the stress on the bigger mowers.” The club has had no issues with traction among its robotic mowers. The course isn’t hilly, but the mowers have performed well on bunker faces, pond edges and elevated tee decks. Equipped with weather stations, the mowers will dock if it’s raining or if rain is imminent. Robertson said the robots shouldn’t be mowing in the rain, especially when there may be puddling. If an obstacle is detected in a robot’s path, its built-in sonar will instruct the mower to slow down and come to a stop. “They will try to figure out a path around it. We haven’t had many issues with that at all.” The mower simply gives the object a little nudge and then moves around it. The return on investment has been “instant” and “massive,” Robertson said, adding the cost savings and ease of operation were the biggest selling points. Like irrigation operations, the equipment can be run from anywhere by using a phone app. It allows the machines to be monitored for where they’re mowing and how much they’ve cut during a pre-selected period of time. “It’s just allowing you to keep a better eye on everything, and you’re freeing up your time to do actual on-course projects that you want to do.” 10
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October 2026
SPORTS TURF
Dr. Sara Stricker is communication and programs manager at the Guelph Turfgrass Institute.
INSIDE FIELD’S FIFA CHANGES DTM students reflect on BMO Field’s transformation to meet FIFA World Cup requirements By Dr. Sara Stricker
W
PHOTO: DR. SA R A ST R IC K E R
hen more than 43,000 fans packed into Toronto Stadium on June 12, 2026 to watch Canada play its first FIFA World Cup match on home soil, most eyes were on the players. But we were thinking about the grass under their feet. For more than a year before the first whistle, a team of turfgrass professionals had been planning and preparing the playing surface for one of the most demanding sporting events in the world. This team was joined by Michael Amodio, a student in the University of Guelph’s Diploma in Turfgrass Management (DTM) program, who spent his summer gaining first-hand experience as the stadium prepared for and hosted the FIFA World Cup. A field designed for more than soccer BMO Field, home to Toronto Football Club and the Toronto Argonauts, has spent years balancing the demands of professional soccer, football, concerts, and other major events. The stadium originally opened in 2007 with a synthetic field surface, but it was renovated in 2010 to switch to a natural Kentucky bluegrass field. This field takes quite a beating, with extreme traffic and a mixture of sports. In 2017, they even transformed the turf into turfandrec.com
Robert Heggie, left, director of grounds at Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Partnership, was joined on the field crew by Michael Amodio, a student in the University of Guelph’s Diploma in Turfgrass Management (DTM) program.
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‘The field had to be game-ready six hours before the match and fully handed over to FIFA staff’ a hockey rink for the NHL Centennial Classic. From 2010 to 2018, the field would be re-sodded sometimes, even multiple times, per year to fix damage due to wear and tear. The stadium seating renovations in 2016 created more shade, leading to the installation of growth lights to supplement the turf growth. In 2018, a natural turf system was seeded and reinforced with synthetic fibres, creating a hybrid system designed to withstand the heavy use associated with a multi-purpose stadium. Robert Heggie, director of grounds at Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Partnership, has spent the last 15 years developing the field and introducing technolo-
gies that allow natural grass to perform in Toronto’s challenging climate. Those technologies include grow lighting, underground heating, inflatable covers, and advanced irrigation. While the field typically would meet the FIFA turf standards, hosting the 2026 World Cup brought a different set of requirements. Preparing BMO Field for the World Cup The road to the 2026 World Cup required another major investment in the playing surface. In November 2025, BMO Field was re-sodded and received a new SIS Grass
Hybrid shallow-stitch system. This is the first time the field has been resodded since the hybrid system was installed in 2018. The synthetic fibres were installed approximately 80 millimetres into the profile, providing reinforcement while also allowing the system to be removed or modified when necessary. The shallow-stitch approach was selected in part because of BMO Field’s demanding event calendar and the need to manage the surface around major events. The grass itself was produced specifically for the World Cup. Turfgrass researchers and FIFA worked to develop playing surfaces that could provide consistent characteristics across the tournament’s 16 venues, while still accommodating the very different climates found across Canada, the United States, and Mexico. At BMO Field, the surface included a blend containing Kentucky bluegrass and other species.
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Top Left: The renovation in November 2025 required the removal of the existing hybrid turf which was typically stitched to 18 centimetres deep. The synthetic fibres are evident underground. Below Left: The underground heating system consists of a series of pipes pumped with water and glycol solution heated by gas boilers.
The sod was grown by Greenhorizons Sod Farm in Burford, Ont., with synthetic netting incorporated into the turf to provide additional reinforcement. This type of netting is commonly used in sod production, particularly when sod is harvested at a younger age or if it contains a lower proportion of rhizome-producing species, such as Kentucky bluegrass, which naturally help bind the sod together. In addition to the turf changes, the stadium added 17,000 temporary seats, bringing capacity up to 45,000 spectators. All non-FIFA branding had to be covered or removed, from soap dispensers in the washrooms to logos on turf equipment. Staff were also required to follow a strict dress code to maintain FIFA’s branding standards. The football goalpost was removed, and concrete bases were installed for the soccer nets. The “BMO” branding throughout the stands, seats, and scoreboard, were removed temporarily. More permanent upgrades included improvements to the public announcement system and the installation of additional video display screens.
PHOTOS: ROB H EG G I E
The World Cup matches Toronto Stadium hosted six FIFA World Cup matches, including five group-stage games and a Round of 32 match. The tournament opened in Toronto with Canada’s 1–1 draw against Bosnia and Herzegovina on June 12. Six international matches, involving 10 different national teams, were played on the hybrid field over a 21-day period. FIFA described Toronto’s tournament as a historic first for Canada, with more than 258,000 fans attending the six matches. The work between the games The spectators see game time. The grounds team sees everything that happens before and after them. “On game days, the grounds crew arrived turfandrec.com
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12 hours before kickoff. The field had to be game-ready six hours before the match and fully handed over to FIFA staff.” – James Johnson, grounds crew assistant Maintaining a professional hybrid field involves much more than mowing. BMO Field’s maintenance program includes grooming, verticutting, solid-tine aeration, and precision mowing. For a World Cup field, the attention to detail becomes even more important. Before each game, the grounds crew double-cut the turf in two directions to create the signature checkerboard pattern, retouched the field paint, and installed the goal nets. Several FIFA experts would inspect the field and ensure every detail met the required standards. “We got called back to fix the soccer netting one day because there was a clip out of place. The tiny details like this were super important.” – Michael Amodio, grounds crew intern The playing surface itself was tested 14
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regularly for characteristics such as hardness, bounce, height of cut, moisture content, and rotational resistance. These measurements help determine whether the field is performing within the expected parameters for elite competition. Thanks to the hard work of the grounds crew, the FIFA agronomist was consistently satisfied with the turf at Toronto Stadium throughout the tournament. A classroom unlike any other For a DTM student, an internship at BMO Field is about much more than learning how to maintain a soccer pitch. It was an opportunity to experience the level of professionalism, precision and commitment required to manage a field at the highest level of competition. “Professionalism was at the forefront,” Amodio said. “There were very clear guidelines about how to interact with FIFA players – which was basically, don’t – staff
Grow lights were used at BMO Field to maintain the turf’s vigour over the course of six World Cup games and the opening ceremonies.
and coaches. It really impressed upon me that turf management is not a clock-in, clock-out kind of job. You need to be willing to put in the odd hours when it’s needed, because you’re the expert in that area.” Working at BMO Field also gave Amodio a firsthand look at how many different disciplines come together to maintain a professional sports field. Turfgrass science was only one piece of the puzzle. Of all the courses in the DTM program, he found the equipment course particularly valuable. Working at BMO Field meant operating a wide range of specialized equipment, and the equipment course gave him the confidence and knowledge to use the equipment safely. On game days, there was often plenty of October 2026
downtime while the grounds crew waited on standby in case they were needed. To pass the time, some of the crew started a friendly “grow competition,” with everyone given access to the sand, seed, and other supplies in the maintenance shop. Amodio grew two containers of turf, each using a different treatment, and kept them on a trolley that he could roll outside to take advantage of the sunlight. Overall, the internship placement was a valuable and rewarding experience for him. And then, the World Cup was over The final whistle of Portugal’s victory over Croatia on July 2 did not mark the end of the ground crew’s work. The World Cup surface had been prepared around FIFA’s requirements, but BMO Field still had to quickly transition back to its regular role as the home of the Toronto Argonauts and Toronto FC. With the first Argos home
“We got called back to fix the soccer netting one day because there was a clip out of place. The tiny details like this were super important.” game of the season scheduled for Aug. 6 and a busy schedule ahead, the grounds team had little time to make the changeover. The artificial end zones had to be reinstalled to withstand the heavy traffic of football cleats and the impact of aggressive touchdowns. The temporary coverings were removed to reveal the stadium’s original branding. The FIFA soccer lines were washed away, and the football field markings repainted. Between TFC soccer and Argos football games, paint is always carefully removed using a mild detergent
to minimize stress on the turf. Ultimately, each stadium hosting the 2026 FIFA World Cup faced its own unique set of challenges, shaped by a combination of environmental conditions, stadium design, turf species, use requirements from local sports teams, and spectator capacities ranging from 40,000 to 80,000. We are extremely proud of the Canadian turf managers at both BMO Field and BC Place and their achievement in successfully hosting World Cup matches, putting Canadian turf management under the international spotlight.
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Troy Smith is sports field manager for SiteOne Landscape Supply.
Prep turf in fall for spring gusto Understand when it’s best for dormant seeding to prepare turf for the spring. By Troy Smith
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Start with turf recovery For most cool-season turf, fall is the best time of year to address concerns following the extreme stresses of summer. It’s likely the turf will need to be renovated. While the specific renovations may look different depending on geography, topography and turf type, there are generally three main steps to revitalize turf: overseeding, aeration and topdressing. The fall season is the best time to plant cool-season species like tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, fine fescues or Kentucky bluegrass. During this time, soil temperatures are still warm from the summer to support establishment, while cooler air temperatures create ideal conditions for new growth. This sets the stage for healthy establishment prior to the onset of winter and a new foundation for recovered turf the 16
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Dormant seeding typically works best once daytime temperatures have consistently dropped below 10 degrees Celsius.
October 2026
PHOTO: A H C R E AT ION/A D OB E STO C K
or most people, the changing of leaves and the crisp autumn air are the first signs that the end of the year is coming. But for turf professionals, those signals mark the beginning of one of the most important seasons. The work done in fall can help turf recover before winter and establish a stronger foundation for the next growing season. While the specific approach will vary based on geography, turf type and site conditions, these key practices can help turf professionals make the most of this window.
following year. Turf professionals should look for seed varieties that are suited to their specific sites and turf conditions. Well-rounded varieties should be disease resistant, drought tolerant and provide good density, durability and overall turf performance. Depending on the turf type, aeration can be another best practice to support turf recovery. This technique allows air, water and nutrients to penetrate the soil. Cool-season varieties grow vigorously in fall and can recover quickly from the stress of aeration. However, warm-season varieties should be aerated during their active growth period in late spring or early summer. After aeration, apply a fertilizer to the turf, preferably a starter fertilizer high in phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential to aid in establishment of new seed, and the perforated soil will accept nutrients more easily. This combination can help the turf build a stronger root system. The last step in fall turf recovery is topdressing with organic materials. Take advantage of dormant seeding While winter may seem like a downtime for turf professionals, it can be the perfect time to take advantage of dormant seeding. By applying seed to thin, damaged or bare areas in late fall or early winter before the ground freezes, it will be prepared to germinate naturally with spring’s first thaw. This technique is especially useful in Canada where freeze-thaw cycles are consistent.
While winter may seem like a downtime for turf professionals, it can be the perfect time to take advantage of dormant seeding. Seed is protected by snow cover through the winter, and once the snow melts in warmer temperatures, it triggers germination as the soil warms. Dormant seeding typically works best once daytime temperatures have consistently dropped below 10 degrees Celsius (50 F). In Western Canada, dormant seeding may start as early as late October or early November. The ideal window in Ontario and Quebec often falls in November. In milder areas of the west coast, turf professionals may be able to seed later into December. Knowing this timing is important. If professionals seed too early, it can trigger premature germination if soil temperatures temporarily rebound even briefly. That can leave seedlings vulnerable to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Conversely, waiting until the ground is frozen solid makes soil contact difficult, reducing success rates. The sweet spot is when soil is cold enough to prevent germination but still pliable for seed incorporation.
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Even with careful timing and preparation, dormant seeding isn’t a guarantee. As with any seeding type, there can be challenges to overcome. For the best chance of success, turf professionals should start with good site preparation by removing debris, leaves and thatch to expose the soil for contact. Uniform coverage is also key. A broadcast or drop spreader can help with even distribution. Once the seed is down, it’s important to let nature take over and allow the freeze-thaw cycle to run its course. If there are concerns of washout or wildlife disturbance, turf professionals can add a thin compost or straw mulch layer to protect seed from runoff or a light mulch layer to deter animals from foraging. No seeding method is immune to challenges, but by focusing on site prep, soil contact and timing, turf professionals can see success. Winterize irrigation before the freeze Another critical end-of-season task is to winterize irrigation systems before the
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Finish the season with spring in mind While the payoff from end-of-season maintenance may not be visible until spring, the work done during the fall can make a significant difference when the growing season begins again. By recovering stressed turf, taking advantage of dormant seeding and properly winterizing irrigation systems, crews can head into spring ready to work with fewer problems to solve. 18
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EnviroSol, a sponsor of the SiteOne Landscape Supply charitable golf tournament, entered a team made up of Ken Mcleod, left, regional manager for Ferti Technologies Inc.; Mike Jiggens, editor of Turf & Rec; and Mark Schneider, professional turf sales for Nutrite.
Landscaping industry lends a helping hand to charity By Mike Jiggens Landscapers and industry suppliers and supporters helped raise more than $32,000 in September for a charity aimed at promoting a healthier lifestyle for children and adults. Come Alive Outside was the benefactor of proceeds raised from a golf tournament led by SiteOne Landscape Supply played at Thundering Waters Golf Club in Niagara Falls. A full field played a scramble format complete with closest-to-the-pin, longest drive and putting competitions. Holes were sponsored by various suppliers to the landscaping industry, many of which had personnel stationed at the tees to provide information about their products and services. The inspiration for the launch of Come Alive Outside came in 2012 when Scott Wentworth of Picton, Ont.-based Wentworth Landscapes and Jim Paluch of Ohio-based JP Horizons met in Chicago, bringing landscape professionals together to address the growing problem of mental and physical health issues among people who weren’t getting outside enough and were adopting more of a sedentary lifestyle with more time spent indoors. Speaking at the post-tournament banquet, Wentworth said Come Alive Outside is meant to showcase “what the landscape industry is all about and the impact we have on people’s lives.” Come Alive Outside has both a U.S. and Canadian branch. The Canadian chapter officially became a charitable organization in 2017 with Wentworth serving as the founding board president. The movement, which creates cost-free programming for adults and kids, serves the Province of Ontario and beyond. Come Alive Outside works closely with partners in health care, public health, outdoor recreation and the landscape profession to connect individuals and families to the health and wellness benefits of outdoor spaces where they live, work and play. Its mission is to inspire collaborative community systems that create the awareness, intention and opportunity for people to live healthier lives outside. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, children spent more than seven hours daily looking at screens and only half the time that they spent outside in 1980. The numbers are worse yet among adults. The fundraising golf tournament marked SiteOne Landscape Supply’s fifth year of sponsorship.
October 2026
PHOTO: M I K E J IG G E NS
temperatures drop. If water is left inside the system, irrigation components can freeze, expand and break. While some irrigation systems claim to be self-draining, turf professionals should still take these extra steps to truly winterize the system for added peace of mind. Start by turning off the water and manually draining the system as much as possible by opening a hose bib or drain on the backflow preventer. Once the water has drained down a little, hook up an air compressor to remove any additional water that may be trapped in low spots or clogged drains. Then open all the drains and leave them open. Over the winter, it’s best to leave the ball valves or drains (on the backflow preventer) at a 45-degree angle. Sometimes condensation can build up inside the ball valve cracking it when the temperature drops below freezing. Leaving the ball valves at a 45-degree angle can help prevent this issue. Larger irrigation systems, including those found on golf courses, require additional planning and equipment. Like residential systems, after draining the main lines, use compressed air to remove remaining water from individual stations. System operators should follow the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations for pressure and procedures to avoid damaging components. Additionally, above-ground components such as backflow preventers and valves should be insulated to add an extra layer of freeze protection. Pump stations should also be properly drained, shut down and protected from the cold winter elements. For future reference, turf professionals should also keep a record of winterization work and any repairs completed along the way. This can make troubleshooting easier when the system is brought back online in spring.
EQUIPMENT
Extract value from your UTVs Understand how a UTV will be used before selecting the right one. By Ben Slute
PHOTO: KU B OTA
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or many municipalities and public works departments, every equipment purchase is expected to deliver as much value as possible. Budgets are tight, staffing levels can fluctuate, and crews are often responsible for supporting a wide range of work throughout the year. That makes equipment utilization an important part of fleet planning. A utility terrain vehicle (UTV) may be purchased for a specific purpose, such as transporting people, tools and materials or supporting seasonal maintenance work. But when it is selected with only one job in mind, it can be easy for that machine to sit unused when conditions or priorities change. In reality, a UTV has the potential to become one of the most versatile pieces of equipment in a municipal fleet. The difference between a machine that sits parked and one that drives daily value often comes turfandrec.com
down to how well it is matched to the operation, the operators and the work environment. Start with your operation, not the machine Selecting the right UTV begins with understanding how the machine will actually be used. Before comparing models or features, teams should map out the machine’s primary function, along with the secondary jobs it may be expected to support over time. A UTV used for parks maintenance in the summer, for example, may also support trail work, cemetery operations, facilities maintenance or snow removal when winter arrives. Municipal teams should also consider who will operate the machine and where it will be used. Questions around maximum travel speed, operator experience, terrain, payload needs, towing requirements, passenger capacity and seasonal weather con-
A model selected for summer use may effectively be used year-round.
ditions should all play a role in the selection process. In some environments, high travel speed may not be ideal because of safety concerns. In others, ease of operation may be especially important if multiple employees will use the machine. The goal is not simply to choose a machine that can complete today’s assignment. It is to select one that can do the job well, in real operating conditions, while also giving the department flexibility as needs change. Look for features that improve productivity every day Once the operation is clearly defined, the next step is evaluating the features that can improve day-to-day efficiency. Payload and towing capacity matter, but they do not tell the whole story. Buyers should also look at what the manufacturer has done to make the machine easier to use, more durable and better suited for commercial work. Cargo management is a good example. A TURF & REC
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EQUIPMENT hydraulic dump bed allows operators to unload material from the driver’s seat, which can save time and reduce physical strain when moving gravel, soil, mulch or other bulk materials. If a machine requires operators to get out and manually dump the bed, they may be more likely to use a larger piece of equipment instead, even if that is slower or less efficient. Cargo bed flexibility can also make a meaningful difference. For instance, there are cargo beds that allow the sides to fold down for easier side loading in tight areas or be removed without tools to convert the bed into a flatbed for pallets or oversized materials. Those kinds of design features can make a UTV more useful across more tasks. Durability should be part of the decision as well. A machine designed for homeowner use may not hold up the same way in a commercial environment. Features such as wet disc brakes, grease fittings on key pivot points, a rear cargo screen and heavy-duty
suspension can help show whether the machine was built for a long work life. After all, it is hard for equipment to improve efficiency if it is sitting in the shop. Operator comfort and confidence matter, too. Mechanical parking brakes, dynamic braking and intuitive operation can help users feel more comfortable behind the wheel. For four-season use, a factory-installed cab with heating and air conditioning can help keep operators comfortable in both summer and winter conditions. Think beyond today’s job Municipal operations rarely stay the same from one season to the next. Priorities shift, projects change and crews are often asked to support different departments throughout the year. One common missed opportunity is winter use. A machine purchased for summer maintenance may be overlooked once temperatures drop, even though the right model can help with snow removal in hard-
to-reach areas. With four-wheel drive, the right transmission, a cab and a blade, the right RTV model can remain useful instead of sitting idle until spring. The same thinking applies when choosing a model or configuration. A department focused on frequent stops and starts may value easy entry and exit. Crews moving soil or other bulk materials may benefit from a long bed. Teams that need to carry more people may want a crew configuration that can convert between passenger space and cargo capacity. Other departments may need rear hydraulic remotes, tires for paved surfaces or tires designed for sensitive turf areas. The key is to look beyond whether the machine can technically do a job and consider how well it can do that job in the conditions where it will operate. A twowheel-drive machine may work when the ground is dry, but it may be idle in winter. Ben Slute is product manager for turf and RTV at Kubota Canada.
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WINTER PREPARATIONS
Getting tractors ready for winter Preparing tractors for winter weather will help avoid costly repairs. By Joel Hicks
N A L L PHOTOS: K IOT I T R AC TOR
ow that it’s fall and winter preparations are beginning, grounds managers and maintenance crews face a new set of seasonal demands. Leaf cleanup, field renovations, material hauling, and winter weather response all place unique demands on tractors. A tractor that starts easily on a cool morning may struggle during the first hard freeze if it has not been properly prepared. Taking a proactive approach before temperatures drop can help reduce downtime, improve operator safety, and keep seasonal maintenance on schedule. Winterize before the first freeze During the colder months, tractors are used for everything from leaf cleanup and athletic field maintenance to hauling materials and removing snow and ice. Planning and preparing your tractor for winter weather will help you avoid costly repairs and keep your machine running reliably throughout the season. Start by checking your machine’s fluids and fuel system. Use an engine oil with the viscosity recommended in your operator’s manual for the temperatures you expect to encounter. Confirm turfandrec.com
A tractor that starts easily on a cool morning may struggle during the first hard freeze if it has not been properly prepared.
your engine coolant provides enough freeze protection. If your tractor uses diesel fuel in freezing conditions, use winter-blended diesel fuel or a diesel anti-gel additive recommended by the manufacturer. If you plan to store your tractor for an extended period, consider using a fuel stabilizer if recommended by the manufacturer. After adding a fuel stabilizer, allow the engine to run for 10 to 15 minutes to ensure it circulates throughout the fuel system. Always consult your dealer or operator’s manual to determine the appropriate fluids, fuels, and additives for your tractor. You will also want to equip your tractor to improve performance in cold conditions. Installing an engine block heater can make cold starts easier and put less stress on the engine. If you are operating on snow or ice, tire chains or winter tires can improve traction and stability. For operators who need to work through rough weather, a cab enclosure provides added comfort and protection from the elements. Your dealer can recommend the seasonal accessories that are best suited for your tractor, applications, and local conditions. Regular inspections prevent major repairs To ensure your tractor runs smoothly and efficiently during the colder months, establish a seasonal maintenance schedule that TURF & REC
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WINTER PREPARATIONS
A tractor that starts easily on a cool morning may struggle during the first hard freeze if it has not been properly prepared.
includes regular inspections of key components. These inspections help keep your tractor in top condition while preventing issues caused by freezing weather. Before operating your machine, review your tractor’s operator’s manual to understand the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance procedures and know what to do if you notice a problem. Conduct a quick walk-around inspection of your tractor before starting work each day to spot any visible issues before they become bigger problems. With shorter fall and winter days, ensure your tractor’s lights are in good working condition to maintain visibility during your long days at work. You will also want to look for signs of damage to belts and hoses that can occur due to cold temperatures. Winter weather can cause tire pressure to drop more quickly, so check your tires regularly and adjust the pressure according to your operator’s manual. While you are inspecting your tractor, lubricate all grease fittings at the manufacturer-recommended intervals to reduce wear on moving components. It is also important to check the air filter, as dirt and debris can accumulate over time, restricting airflow and reducing engine performance. Clean or replace the filter, as needed, to keep your tractor running efficiently. Scheduling a pre-season service appointment with your dealer is one of the best 22
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ways to prepare for winter. The dealer can catch issues that the average owner might miss and handle complex maintenance tasks. Dealers have access to specialized tools and diagnostic equipment that can allow them to diagnose and repair problems more efficiently. Your dealer can also recommend maintenance tasks that are unique to your specific tractor model. Attachments and implements require winter maintenance, too. Snow blades, grapples, and loader buckets experience the same cold-weather conditions as the tractor itself and will be affected by wear and tear over time. When using attachments, be sure to grease all the necessary lubrication points, inspect hydraulic hoses, cylinders, and connection points, and confirm that attachments are operating correctly before beginning a task to avoid accidents. Store your equipment properly Winter conditions can take a toll on your tractor, even when it isn’t in use. Extended exposure to freezing temperatures, snow, and moisture can contribute to corrosion and other weather-related damage. Whether your tractor will be working through the colder months or sitting idle until spring, proper storage practices are essential to protecting your equipment and maintaining long-term performance. Throughout the winter months, keep your machine clean to reduce the risk of
corrosion from dirt, salt, and moisture, which can shorten the equipment’s lifespan. Cleaning your tractor regularly also makes it easier to identify damage or excessive wear. When storing your equipment for short periods, use a cover to protect it from the elements while keeping the tractor accessible for regular use. For equipment that will be stored most of the winter, try storing it indoors for further protection from the elements. If indoor storage is unavailable, use a heavy-duty tractor cover. You should also store the battery according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or connect it to a battery maintainer to help preserve its charge during storage. If the battery remains installed, follow the manufacturer’s storage recommendations or use a battery maintainer, rather than periodically idling the engine. Before putting your tractor into winter storage, perform a thorough maintenance check to help ensure it is ready when spring arrives. Start by filling the fuel tank to reduce condensation, which can contaminate the fuel system and make the engine more difficult to start after storage. Verify that all operating fluids are at the proper levels, and inspect the battery, terminals, and cables to help ensure it is ready to go after storage. Finally, if your tractor will be stored for an extended period, consider periodically moving it or relieving weight from the tires to help prevent flat spots from developing. Cold weather puts every tractor under additional stress, but most breakdowns can be prevented with preparation. By inspecting key components, winterizing critical systems, and following manufacturer-recommended maintenance practices, grounds professionals can spend less time dealing with unexpected repairs and more time keeping their properties – or those of their clients – safe, functional, and looking their best throughout the season. Joel Hicks is product line manager for KIOTI Tractor. October 2026
EQUIPMENT
Ryan Anderson is product manager, sub-compact equipment, for CASE Construction Equipment.
Winter work tips for track loaders All-purpose mini-track loaders are up to the task for winter work. By Ryan Anderson
M
A L L PHOTOS: CA S E
ini track loaders (MTLs) have earned their place in landscaping fleets by combining compact versatility with heavy-duty performance. These all-purpose machines have changed the way grounds crews work, from municipal property maintenance and hardscaping to stump grinding, soil prep and snow removal. When it comes to winter work, however, not every MTL is up to the task. It takes the right set of heavy-duty specs and functionality to handle Canada’s winter conditions. If you’re looking for a machine that can excel in summer heat and tackle tough snow removal jobs, there are several key features and options to consider. Weight & traction Lighter-duty MTLs may suffice in the landscaping season, but that won’t cut it when November rolls around. Canadian winters can bring champagne powder to heavy, wet slush and everything in between. It’s important to choose a construction-grade MTL capable of handling every storm. That means selecting a unit powerful and heavy enough to plow or lift large piles of snow. Look for machines with a minimum 1,000-pound rated operating capacity to provide the size and traction you need. Be sure to check the tracks. The wider the tracks, the more stability and pushing power to handle heavy wet snow and ice without turfandrec.com
A broom attachment to a mini-track loader is an effective way to clear snow during the winter months.
slipping. Look for a wide-profile turf track with good lug spacing to ensure you get the stability, traction and strength needed for all seasons. Attachments & controls Snow removal may require multiple attachments. For the greatest versatility, look for a model that has a common industry interface (CII) coupler that can connect with attachments from different manufacturers. This is especially advantageous for contractors who already have an inventory of attachments from other brands. In addition, choose a model that comes with a 14-pin auxiliary connector. This is essential for attachment control, whether you’re equipping your MTL with a snow blower, power angle broom or a V-plow. It allows you to activate additional functions
on the attachment when available – for example, changing the direction of a snow blower discharge chute. The auger is powered by the main circuit, but an attachment-mounted diverter is necessary to change the chute direction. MTLs are ideal for clearing driveways, sidewalks and other tight spaces – but these areas often require greater precision to navigate. Choose a machine with user-friendly controls to help you drive and run attachments with ease. This also applies when running landscaping or soil prep attachments in the summer season. Some MTLs place the auxiliary hydraulic control switch or lever in the middle of the control panel, which may require an operator to divert their eyes down or remove their hand from the joystick. To avoid that awkward interface, look for a unit that has the hydraulTURF & REC
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EQUIPMENT ic switch directly on the joystick control. A bi-directional detent auxiliary switch, for example, allows the attachment to be operated with your thumb on the right-hand joystick and lock in the switch. This reduces fatigue and improves comfort so you can focus on the task at hand. It’s also particularly helpful for less experienced operators. Lighting & accessories For snow removal crews, visibility is critical, not only to see but also to be seen. Make sure your MTL comes standard with LED running lights on the top and rear of the unit, with additional lighting available. Models with a 12-volt input allow you to mount a strobe. Savvy operators may also want to use the 12-volt outlet to plug in heated jackets and snow gear. Operator safety & confidence No matter the season, safety is never optional. Look for essential features that help protect operators and build their confidence running the machine. For example, an operator presence switch automatically engages and disengages the parking brake and shuts off the hydraulics whenever someone steps off the machine. This ensures the MTL won’t move on its own if you accidentally activate a control arm. Check if there an override function. This is useful when loading on
SEEDS & SCIENCE BY DESIGN
slopes or navigating other challenging conditions so that operators can walk behind the machine and maintain control via the joystick. Along those same lines, the machine should be equipped with an automatic shutdown fail-safe. If the machine is ever in danger of tipping over, it automatically powers down the engine. This is helpful for grounds work in the summer too, when crews may be operating on steeper inclines. Best practices for winter conditions There are a few best practices to follow for winter operation: • Replace the fluids to match seasonal conditions: higher viscosity for warmer months and lighter for winter. • Store the MTL in a covered, insulated area if possible. • Install a plug-in block heater to reduce warm-up intervals. • Equip every crew with a jump-start kit to ensure they have the cold cranking amps needed to give winter batteries a boost. • Let the machine warm up and perform slow initial manoeuvres to circulate fluids and build heat before getting to work. • Top off all the fluids at the end of every shift. For crews that want to handle a wider range of applications, electric mini track loaders are a growing segment of the market. With zero exhaust emissions, they’re well suited to working in enclosed areas. They are also much quieter than diesel MTLs.
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Heat management technology keeps dashcams working at internal temperatures of up to 99 degrees C Lawn care professionals and landscapers spend a lot of time on the road, going from one customer’s property to another. The more time they spend on the road, the greater their chances become of being involved in an accident, even if it’s not their fault. A dashboard camera installed inside their vehicle will record how the accident happened and who was at fault. The recorded footage can protect an innocent driver and his company from a fraudulent insurance claim and can give police the evidence they need if a parked vehicle is
broken into. Vueroid has introduced its new S1 QHD Infinite dashcam which offers high-resolution technology to provide a balance of image quality, storage efficiency, affordability, and out-of-the-box convenience, producing reliable, high-quality evidence for accidents and other automotive incidents during road trips and commuting. Video footage is captured through QHD recording rather than 4K. Features include AI-powered capabilities, reliable parking mode protection, ELPM
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technology, and a heat-resistant design, while reducing storage requirements. The Sony STARVIS 2 image sensors and HDR capabilities on front and rear cameras ensure natural colours and details are retained during nighttime without being impacted by oncoming headlights. Its Infinite Plate AI mode is designed to help capture and clarify licence plates during motion or challenging lighting conditions. Parking mode draws minimal power from smaller batteries. The dashcam comes with DURASHIFT Heat Manage-
ment technology which allows the camera to continue working under internal temperatures as high as 99 degrees Celsius. Up to a three-channel expansion is available with an FHD in-cabin camera. Installation of the S1 QHD Infinite dashcam is straightforward and includes includes hardwire cable, fuse tap adapters, and CPL filter.
The updated Third Edition of Sports Fields: Design, Construction, and Maintenance is a comprehensive reference for professionals who are responsible for the design, construction, renovation, and maintenance of athletic facilities. This book contains illustrative examples of specific design elements of the most popular sports facilities. This Third Edition contains new chapters on safety, public relations, and professionalism for future sports field managers, as well as fresh drawings and photos that highlight innovative field layout, grading, irrigation, and drainage. $132.00 | Item#1119534754
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First aid: Being ready when every second counts
I
n any workplace, incidents can happen in an instant. When they do, knowing what to do in those first few moments can make all the difference. First aid is the immediate care given to someone who’s hurt or suddenly ill. Its purpose is to reduce injury, prevent disability, and in serious cases, keep someone alive until medical help arrives. In Canada, every workplace must provide a minimum level of first aid. The specific requirements depend on how many people are on site, what hazards exist, and how far the workplace is from medical. For workplaces, that means ensuring trained first aid attendants and adequate supplies are always available. Legal requirements Each province and territory has its own legislation outlining what employers must do to meet first aid requirements. These rules specify who provides first aid, what training they must have, and what equipment is needed. They also cover how many attendants are required per shift, where kits should be located, and what they must contain. Kits must be clean, dry, visible, and kept up to date, with items replaced before they expire. Some workplaces go beyond these minimums by offering naloxone (for opioid poisoning) or epinephrine auto-injectors (for severe allergic reactions). Before doing so, employers should confirm what is allowed under local laws and seek legal advice to understand liability. Record and report Every time first aid is given, it should be documented. Employers must keep written records of all injuries and treatments in a log. Each entry should include the worker’s name, when, how, and where the incident happened, the type of treatment
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provided and who gave it, and the names of witnesses. These records are important for both legal compliance and identifying recurring hazards that might require preventive action. They should be stored securely and accessed only by those who need the information. Every worker, not just designated first aiders, should know what to do in an emergency. This includes how to call for help, where first aid kits are kept, and who the trained first-aid attendants are. Workers should also know the location of the nearest medical facility and have access to a list of key contacts, such as supervisors or safety representatives. Only those trained in first aid should provide treatment. Untrained workers can still help by calling for assistance, staying with the injured person, and keeping them calm until the attendant arrives. Assess the hazards and prepare accordingly Even if not required by law, every workplace should conduct a first aid hazard assessment. This process identifies the kinds of incidents and injuries that could occur and ensures the right training, equipment, and supplies are in place. Understanding the risks will help determine what first aid measures are necessary. Hazard assessments should also consider any special needs. If certain chemicals are used, it may be necessary to have eye-
wash stations and emergency showers nearby. Workplaces with employees who have allergies might want to keep epinephrine auto-injectors on hand. For remote locations, plans should be in place to quickly and safely transport injured workers. The first aid plan Having a written first aid plan helps ensure procedures are clear and effective. A simple worksheet can capture key details: the number of workers per shift, the types of hazards present, the required number of first-aid attendants, and potential barriers such as distance from medical care. The findings can guide whether specialized training or additional resources are needed beyond what the law requires. Once established, the plan should be reviewed regularly. Any time new materials, tools, or processes are introduced, the associated risks and first aid needs may change. Regular inspections of first aid kits and equipment are also important to ensure readiness. Infection control and chemical safety Giving first aid can sometimes expose attendants to blood or other bodily fluids, so infection control is critical. Attendants should be trained on how to protect themselves and others, including proper handwashing and the use of gloves or other protective gear. Workplaces that use chemicals must also be prepared for potential exposures. Workers should know where to find safety data sheets and understand the first aid steps for each chemical. Some substances require flushing with water for several minutes, while others may call for different procedures. It can be difficult to eliminate hazards entirely, so understanding and preparing for first aid is critical. Having trained firstaid attendants, well-stocked supplies, and a clear plan that every worker is familiar with ensures that injuries will be treated quickly and safely. When every second counts, preparation pays off. October 2026
PHOTO: K L 1981/A D OB E STO C K
Health & Safety
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October 2026