IN CANADA
Canada is currently ranked third (worldwide) for countries with the most herbicide resistant weeds, a national achievement that no one takes pride in. Perhaps even more alarming, we’ve known the cause for decades and very little has been done to combat it.
For the sake of our agricultural industry, that must change.
Growers, agronomists, government extensions and the entire crop protection industry must now work together to protect the long-term effectiveness of our herbicide tools and farm sustainability.
Bayer is committed to working with growers and all other industry partners to tackle herbicide resistance in a responsible manner that’s founded in sound agronomics. More importantly than providing innovative herbicide solutions, we remain dedicated to making sure our partners receive the necessary education, tools and resources to help manage this growing concern.
As part of Bayer’s continued investment to prevent the spread of herbicide resistance, MixItUp.ca was established as a one-stop, online resource for information on how to protect our herbicide tools and the future of farming in Canada. Because no one wants to inherit herbicide resistance.
Thank you for spraying responsibly.
Sincerely,
James Humphris Crop Manager – Cereals, Bayer
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
Weed management is a part of crop production that never leaves a grower’s mind. Weeds are constantly evolving and changing; weeds that pop up this year may not have even been a blip on the radar in previous seasons. Adding to this, new forms of resistance are constantly emerging, and decisions can become overwhelming.
Continued on page 3
ABOVE: Redroot pigweed.
PHOTO COURTESY OF TOP CROP MANAGER.
WEED CONTROL GUIDE
Continued from page 1
To simplify the decision-making process, we’re pleased to bring you another edition of our annual Weed Control Guide, in which we’ve listed products available to you (as of publication time) in alphabetical order. The information herein primarily comes directly from chemical companies themselves. However, growers should always double-check provincial guidelines and product labels to avoid errors. Furthermore, the ratings provided in the tables should be used as a guide when selecting herbicides. Herbicide-tolerant varieties are listed in red type, and the overall format allows you to compare options for grassy and broadleaf weed products. Once you’ve selected your choices, be sure to compare tank-mixes to best address the range of weeds in your fields. The ratings provided in the tables should be used as a guide when selecting herbicides. It is important to remember that actual control can vary greatly depending on a number of factors, including soil type, moisture conditions, weed pressure and size, and environment. Also, products can sometimes become antagonistic and will therefore be less effective on a particular weed when used in combination, compared to when it’s used separately. Each year, new products are introduced to the market while others are withdrawn. We have done our best to include all registered products in this guide, but as new products are introduced, we recommend readers make notes in their copy.
Michelle Allison VP
Diane Kleer
Top Crop Manager would like to thank Bayer for sponsoring this year’s Weed Control Guide. Through their support we are able to publish this information guide to assist our readers.
We are grateful to the numerous weed management specialists for their assistance and helpful suggestions contained in Top Crop Manager’s Weed Control Guide.
Triple-resistant kochia leaves limited control options.
PHOTO
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: SPRING WHEAT, DURUM
PRODUCTS
2,4-D
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
4 G many tank-mix partners many tank-mix partners
Achieve / Bison 400L / Nufarm Tralkoxydim / Marengo 1 G 2,4-D(4), 2,4-DB(4), Attain(4), Badge II(4,6), Bromotril(6), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), ForceFighter M(4,6), Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6), OcTTain XL(4), Pardner(6), Prestige(4), Prestige XC(4), Pyralid(4), Thrasher(4,6), Thumper(4,6), Trophy(4)
Ally 2 G • 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Avenge(8)***, clodinafop(1), Everest(2), Horizon NG(1), Puma Advance(1) AIM + glyphosates (pre-seed)
14+9 E E 2,4-D Ester(4)
Altitude FX2 [CLEARFIELD] 2,4 G 2,4-D(4), Curtail M(4), MCPA(4)
Approve / Thrasher II / Thumper 4,6 E E
Assert 300 SC / Avert
Achieve(1), Avenge(8)***, Bengal(1), Bison(1), Cordon(1), Everest(2), Horizon NG(1), Ladder(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Signal(1), Varro(2)
2,4-D(4), Attain(4), CurtailM(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Express Pack(2,4), Flurox-24(4), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Prestige(4), Refine SG(2), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Trophy(4) Cordon(1), Puma 120 Super(1) Assert FL (Assert+Frontline) 2,4 E
Attain XC
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avert(2), Bison 400L(1), Everest(2), Horizon(1), Ladder(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2) Avadex Liquid EC / Avadex MicroActiv 8 G • Bonanza/Rival/Treflan(3)
Axial 1 E*** Barricade II(2,4), Broadside(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Cipreme(2,4), Curtail M(4), Enforcer M(4,6), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6), Momentum + MCPA(4), Paradigm(2,4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Pulsar(4), Refine SG(2), Retain(2,4), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Travallas(2,4), Trophy(4)
Axial Xtreme
1,4 G*** Broadside(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Cipreme(2,4), Curtail M(4), Mextrol(4,6), MCPA Ester(4), Infinity(6,27), Frontline XL(2,4), Paradigm(2,4), Refine SG(2)
Axial Xtreme iPak 1,4,6,27 E***
Badge II / Buctril M / Logic M / Mextrol 4,6 E Ally(2), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Basagran / Benta Super + 2,4-D 6+4 E Barricade II 2,4 E 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4)
Bengal WB / Cordon / MPOWER Hellcat / Puma 120 Super / Wildcat
1 G •* 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Attain(4), Badge II(4,6), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT/Turboprop(4), Express Pack(2,4), Infinity(6,27), Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), Mecoprop(4), OcTTain XL(4), Prestige(4), Pyralid(4), Refine Extra(2), Refine SG(2), Spectrum(2,4), Thrasher(4,6), Thumper(4,6), Trophy(4)
BlackHawk (pre-emerge) 4,14 E glyphosates(9)
Blitz / MPOWER Battlefront / Priority / Spitfire 50 SC 2 E E 2,4-D(4), Curtail M(4), MCPA(4)
Achieve(1), Approve(4,6), Avenge(8)***, Axial(1)***, Bengal(1), Cordon(1), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Enforcer MSU(2,4,6), Everest(2), Flurox -24(4), Horizon(1), Ladder(1), Mextrol(4,6), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1), Traxos(1), Sierra(2), Signal(1), Sundance(2), Varro(2)
Assert(1), Axial(1)***, clodinafop(1), Everest (2), Horizon NG(1), Puma Advance(1), Simplicity 2.0(2), Traxos(1), Varro(2)
glyphosates(9)
Assert(2), Bullwhip 240 EC(1), Everest(2)
Bonanza / Rival / Treflan (pre-emerge) 3 E Avadex BW(8) (liquid formulations only)
Broadband 1,2 E Curtail M(4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA Ester(4), Prestige XC(4)
BroadSide / Refine M 2,4 E E
Bromotril II / Koril / Pardner 6 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Assert(2), Axial(1)***, Everest (2), Foothills NG(1), Horizon(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1), Varro(2)
Achieve(1), Avenge(8)***, Everest(2), Horizon(1), Sierra(2), Sundance(2) Cirpreme XC 2,4 E E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Axial(1), Simplicity GoDRI(2)
CleanStart (pre-seed) 9,14
E Conquer (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 6,14 E E glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Curtail M 4 E Refine SG(2)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avenge(8)***, Axial(1)***, Cordon(1), Everest(2), Horizon(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra (2), Signal(1), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1)
Cypress 1,4 G Deploy / MPOWER R 2 E E 2,4-D(4), Attain(4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Engenia(4), Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), Pyralid(4) Assert(2), Avenge(8)***, Everest(2), Horizon(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra(2) Dichlorprop DX / Estaprop XT / Turboprop 4 G many tank-mix partners many tank-mix partners
Enforcer D 4,6 E
Achieve(1), Cordon(1), Everest(2), Nufarm Clodinafop(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim (1), Puma Advance(1), Signal(1), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Enforcer M 4,6 E Achieve(1) , Axial(1), Cordon(1), Everest(2), Nufarm Clodinafop(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1), Signal(1), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Enforcer MSU 2,4,6 E E Axial(1), Cordon(1), Everest(2), Nufarm Clodinafop(1), Puma Advance(1), Signal(1), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Engenia / Oracle / Xtendimax + MCPA amine, MCPAK, or 2,4-D amine 4+4 G Ally(2), Sencor(5)
Everest 2.0 / Sierra 2.0 2 E E 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Attain XC(4), Buctril M(4,6), CurtailM(4), Deploy WDG(2), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Express Pack(2,4), Frontline 2,4-D XC(2,4), Frontline XL(2,4), Logic M(4,6), MCPA(4), OcTTain XL(4), Optica Trio(4), Paradigm(2,4), Pardner(6), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Refine SG(2), Retain(2,4), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Sword/Target(4), Thumper(4,6), Triton C(2,4), Trophy(4)
Everest 3.0 / Sierra 3.0 2 E E 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Attain XC(4), Buctril M(4,6), CurtailM(4), Deploy WDG(2), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Express Pack(2,4), Frontline 2,4-D XC(2,4), Frontline XL(2,4), Inferno WDG(2), Logic M(4,6), MCPA(4), OcTTain XL(4), Optica Trio(4), Paradigm(2,4), Pardner(6), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Refine SG(2), Retain(2,4), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Sword/Target(4), Thumper(4,6), Triton C(2,4), Trophy(4)
This table is presented as a guide only. It is strongly recommended that users refer to provincial crop H100:AL108 guides and product labels
GRASSY WEEDS VOLUNTEERS
Barnyard grass
Foxtail, green Foxtail, yellow Wild oats Vol. corn Vol. flax Vol. canola/mustard Vol. sunflowers
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
Buckwheat, wild Catch fly, night-flowering Chickweed Cleavers Cocklebur Flixweed Hempnettle Kochia
Lamb’s-quarters
Mallow, round-leaved
Mustard, wild Pigweed, redroot Russian thistle Shepherd’s purse Smart weed, annual Stinkweed Dandelion Quackgrass Sowthistle, perennial Thistle, Canada
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: SPRING WHEAT, DURUM
PRODUCTS
Everest GBX (spring wheat only)
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
2,4 E E 2,4-D Ester(4), Curtail M(4), Deploy(2), MCPA(4), Refine Extra(2), Refine SG(2)
Express FX + glyphosates (pre-seed) 2,4+9
Express Pro + glyphosates (pre-seed)
Express SG + glyphosates (pre-seed)
Fierce*** (pre-seed 7 days wheat)
Aim(14)
Aim(14)
Aim(14)
glyphosates(9)
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
glyphosates(9)
Flurox-24 / Rush 24 4 E Achieve(1), Assert(2), Cordon(1), Everest(2), Horizon(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Signal(1), Simplicity(2)
Focus*** (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 14,15 E 2,4-D(4)***, glyphosates(9), Express SG(2)
Foothills NG / Horizon NG / Ladder All-In / MPOWER Aurora / NextStep NG / Nufarm Clodinafop / Signal / Slam'R 1 E E 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Approve (4,6), Attain(4), Badge II(4,6), BroadSide(2,4), Bromotril II(6), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Enforcer MSU(2,4,6), ForceFighter M(4,6), Frontline XL(2,4), Koril(6), Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6), Pardner(6), Prestige(4), Pulsar (4), Pyralid(4), Refine SG(2), Retain(2,4), Sword/Target(4), Thrasher(4,6), Thumper(4,6), Trophy(4)
ForceFighter M 4,6 E * Deploy(2), MPOWER R(2), Refine SG(2)
glyphosates(9)
Bison(1)***, Ladder(1), Simplicity(2) Fortress
Frontline 2,4-D
Frontline XL / Topline
Glyphosates [PREHARVEST]
GoldWing (pre-emerge)
Heat LQ (pre-seed/pre-emerge)
Assert(2), Everest(2), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2)
Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1)***, Everest(2), Horizon(1), Sierra(2), Signal(1), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)***
glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Hotshot*** (pre-seed only) 2,6 E glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Inferno Duo (spring wheat only; pre-seed/pre-emerge only) 2 G glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Inferno WDG / MPOWER X 2 2,4-D(4), Engenia(4), MCPA Amine(4)
E 2,4-D Ester(4), Lontrel(4), MCPA Ester(4), Pyralid(4)
Infinity FX 4,6,27 E E 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4)
KoAct (pre-seed only)
Korrex II (pre-seed only)
Linuron + MCPA amine
Assert(2), Cordon(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Achieve(1), Axial BIA(1)***, Axial Extreme***, Horizon(1), Luxxur(2), Puma Advance(1), Traxos(1), Trondus(1)***, Varro(2), Wildcat(1)
Achieve(1), Axial(1)***, Horizon(1), Luxxur(2), Puma Advance(1), Traxos(1), Trondus(1)***, Varro(2), Wildcat(1)
2,4 glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
2,4 glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Lontrel / Pyralid 4 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Luxxur 2 E E 2,4-D(4), Buctril M(4), Curtail M(4), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), Infinity FX(4,6,27), MCPA(4), OcTTain (4), Paradigm(2,4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige(4), Stellar(2,4), Trophy (4)
MCPA amine or ester
Achieve(1), Puma Advance(1)
E many tank-mix partners many tank-mix partners MCPAK
Mecoprop
Momentum
G Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
4 • • 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Achieve(1), Axial(1), Everest(2), Foothills NG(1), Horizon(1), Horizon NG(1), Marengo(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1), Varro(2), Wildcat(1) OcTTain XL / Rush 24 4 G • Achieve(1), Assert(1), Bison 400L(1), Everest(2), Foothills(1), Ladder(1), Horizon(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra(2), Signal(1), Simplicity(2)
Optica Trio
Outshine / Stellar
Paradigm
2,4 E E Curtail M(4), glyphosates(9), MCPA(4)
Everest(2), Horizon(1), Signal(1)
Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1)***, Everest(2), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2)
Axial(1)***, Everest(2), glyphosates(9), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1) Pixxaro + MCPA 4 E E Curtail M(4), MCPA(4)
Predicade
PrePass XC (pre-seed)
2,4 E E
2,9 E glyphosates(9)
Prestige XC/XL / Esteem 4 E
Pulsar
Puma Advance
4 G G MCPA Ester(4)
G G 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Attain(4), Barricade II(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT/Turboprop(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Infinity (6,27), Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), OcTTain(4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Pyralid(4), Refine SG(2), Thumper(4,6), Triton C(2,4), Trophy(4) Refine SG 2 E E 2,4-D(4), Curtail(4), Engenia(4), MCPA(4), Lontrel(4), Pyralid(4)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1)***, Everest(2), Horizon(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1)
glyphosates(9)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1)***, Everest(2), Horizon(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1), Varro(2)
Axial(1), Foothills NG(1), Horizon 240EC(1), Horizon NG(1), Sierra 2.0(2), Traxos(1)
Assert(2), Axial(1)***, clodinafop(1), Everest (2), Horizon(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Sierra (2), Simplicity(2), Varro(2), Traxos(2)
Retain SG 2,4 G Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial***(1), Everest(2), Foothills NG(1), Horizon(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1), Simplicity(2), Traxos***(1), WildCat(1) Rexade 2,4 • •
Rush M / Trophy 600 4 E E Achieve(1), Assert(2), Bengal WB(1), Bison 400L(1), Horizon(1), Ladder(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Traxos(1)
This table is presented as a guide only. It is strongly recommended that users refer to provincial crop H100:AL108 guides and product labels
Barnyard grass
Foxtail, green
Foxtail, yellow Wild oats Vol. corn Vol. flax Vol. canola/mustard Vol. sunflowers
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
Buckwheat, wild Catch fly, night-flowering Chickweed Cleavers Cocklebur Flixweed Hempnettle Kochia
Lamb’s-quarters
Mallow, round-leaved
Mustard, wild Pigweed, redroot Russian thistle
Shepherd’s purse
Smart weed, annual Stinkweed
Dandelion Quackgrass
Sowthistle, perennial Thistle, Canada
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: SPRING WHEAT, DURUM
Sencor* / Squadron
Signal FSU
Simplicity / Simplicity GoDRI
Sword / Target
Tandem 2,4
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
F 2,4-D(4), Engenia/Oracle(4), MCPA(4), Target(4)
E 2,4-D(4), MCPA Ester(4)
• • Attain XC(4), Buctril M(4,6), Cirpreme(2,4), Curtail M(4), Frontline 2,4-D(2,4), Frontline XL(2,4), MCPA ester(4), Octtain XL(4), Paradigm(2,4), Pixxaro(4), Refine SG(2), Retain(2,4), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4)
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1)***, Everest(2), Sierra(2), Simplicity(2)
G Buzzin(5), Linuron(7), Metrix(5), Sencor(5) Everest (2), Horizon(1), Sierra(2)
• 2,4-D(4), Curtail M(4), MCPA(4)
Travallas 2,4 MCPA Ester(4) Axial(1), clodinafop(1), Everest 2.0(2), Horizon NG(1), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1), Varro(2)
Traxos
TraxosTwo
Broadside(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6), Paradigm(2,4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige(4), Pulsar(4), Retain(2,4), Trophy(4)
Triton C 2,4 E G 2,4-D(4)
Triton K
Axial BIA(1), clodinafop(1), Everest(2), Horizon(1), Puma Advance(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Everest(2), Puma Advance(1) Trophy
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Axial(1), Cordon(1), Horizon(1), Puma(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Signal(1), Simplicity(2), Traxos(1)
Tundra
E • 2,4-D Ester(4), Lontrel(4), MCPA Ester(4), Pyralid(4) Valtera (7 days pre-seed wheat, 30 days
2,4-D Ester(4), Attain XC(4), Barricade II(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Cipreme XC(2,4), Curtail M(4)***, MCPA Ester(4), OcTTain(4), Prestige XC(4), Refine SG(2), Stellar(2,4)***, Thumper(4,6)
E 2,4-D Ester(4)*, Lontrel(4), MCPA Ester(4)*, Pyralid(4)
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
glyphosates(9)
Engenia(4),
Pardner(6)
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
DRY BEANS
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
KOCHIA AND RUSSIAN THISTLE: GROWING THREATS
Triple-resistant kochia and accelerating Group 2 resistant Russian thistle.
by Bruce Barker
Controlling Russian thistle and kochia is only going to get tougher. The first confirmation of glyphosate (Group 9)-resistant kochia was in three chemfallow fields in southern Alberta in 2011. A 2012 baseline survey in southern Alberta on 309 sites across 12 counties/Municipal Districts (MDs) found an additional 13 glyphosateresistant kochia, mainly in chemfallow fields. Similar surveys in 2013 confirmed 17 glyphosate-resistant kochia in Saskatchewan and two in Manitoba. All Prairie populations are also considered to be Group 2 resistant.
Unfortunately, a Group 4 plus Group 2-resistant kochia population was confirmed in southern Saskatchewan in 2015. It was resistant to both Group 4 herbicides dicamba and fluroxypyr.
“Growers heard the message that they should be tank-mixing another herbicide group with glyphosate in their pre-seed burndowns. This was primarily a Group 4, which is also relied on in cereal crops to control kochia,” says Linda Hall, a professor at the University of Alberta.
This discovery spurred another survey in 2017 to determine the
distribution and abundance of multiple-resistant kochia, led by former Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) weed scientist Hugh Beckie, now with the Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative at the University of Western Australia. Hall, along with colleague Elise Martin of the University of Alberta, and Scott Shirriff and Julia Leeson of AAFC Saskatoon, also participated in the survey.
The 2017 survey was conducted after harvest on 305 randomly selected sites across 16 counties/MDs in southern Alberta. Populations were sampled in fields, roadsides/ditches, railway rights-of-way, and oil well sites.
Triple-resistant kochia confirmed
As expected, all kochia populations were resistant to the Group 2 ALS inhibitors. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia was confirmed in 15 of 16 counties/MDs, compared with only three in 2012. Of the 305 sites, 122 sites or 40 per cent had glyphosate resistance with an average of
Continued on page 26
ABOVE: Triple-resistant kochia leaves limited control options.
PHOTO COURTESY OF LINDA HALL.
One for all, and all-in-one
So tell me Barley Baron, how will you protect your land from would-be thieves and invaders?
See to it that your uninvited guests receive the royal treatment. With three herbicide Groups and outstanding activity on both grass and broadleaf weeds, Tundra® herbicide is the complete solution for barley and wheat growers.
Rule with an iron fist.
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CANOLA
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings.
Check for variety restrictions; multiple tankmixes.
Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
360ME (pre-seed)
(pre-seed)
(pre-emerge)
[CLEARFIELD]
Arrow(1), Centurion(1), Clethodim 250(1), Equinox(1), Poast Ultra(1), Select(1), Shadow RTM(1)
Ares(2,2), Arrow(1), Centurion(1), Clethodim 250(1), glyphosate(9), Odyssey(2), Select(1), Shadow RTM(1)
Assure II(1), Clethodim 250(1)
Centurion(1), Lontrel(4), Pyralid(4)
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: WINTER WHEAT
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings.
Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
2,4-D 4 G many tank-mix partners many tank-mix partners
Achieve / Bison 400L / Nufarm Tralkoxydim / Marengo 1 G 2,4-D(4), 2,4-DB(4), Attain(4), Attain XC(4), Badge II(4,6), Bromotril II(6), Buctril M(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Estaprop XT(4), ForceFighter M(4,6), OcTTain XL(1), Pardner(6), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4)
AIM + glyphosates (pre-seed) 14+9 E 2,4-D Ester(4), Express SG(2), Express Pro(2), glyphosates(9)
Attain XC 4 E
Axial 1 E Barricade II(2,4), Broadside(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Enforcer M(4,6), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6), Momentum + MCPA(4), Prestige XC(4), Pulsar(4), Refine SG(2), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Travallas(2,4), Triton C(2,4), Trophy(4)
Badge II / Buctril M / Logic M / Mextrol 4,6 E Ally(2), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Barricade II 2,4 e 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4)
BlackHawk (pre-emerge) 4,14 E glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
Achieve(1), Simplicity(2)
Varro(2)
Axial(1), Everest(2), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
glyphosates(9)
BroadSide / Refine M 2,4 E Axial(1), Everest(2), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Bromotril II / Koril / Pardner 6 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Cirpreme XC 2,4 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Conquer (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 6,14 E glyphosates(9)
Deploy / MPOWER R 2 E 2,4-D (4), MCPA(4)
Dichlorprop DX / Estaprop XT / Turboprop 4 G many tank-mix partners
DyVel 4 F
DyVel DSp 4 F
Enforcer M 4,6 E
Enforcer MSU 2,4,6 E
Engenia / Oracle / Xtendimax + 2,4-D amine / MCPA amine or K 4+4 F
Everest 2.0 / Sierra 2.0 2 E 2,4-D (4), Buctril M/Logic M(4,6), Deploy WDG(2), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Everest 3.0 / Sierra 3.0 2 E 2,4-D (4), Buctril M/Logic M(4,6), Deploy WDG(2), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Express Pro + glyphosates (pre-seed) 2+9 E Aim(14)
Express SG + glyphosates (pre-seed) 2+9 E Aim(14)
Focus (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 14,15 E glyphosates(9), 2,4-D Amine or Ester(4)
Achieve(1), Bison 400L(1)
Axial(1), Simplicity(2)
glyphosates(9)
many tank-mix partners
Achieve(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1)
glyphosates(9)
ForceFighter M 4,6 E Bison(1), Simplicity(2)
Flurox-24 / Rush 24 4 E many tank-mix partners
GoldWing (pre-emerge) 4,14 E glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
Heat LQ (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 14 E glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Infinity 6,27 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Infinity FX 4,6,27 E 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4),
Achieve(1), Varro(2)
Achieve(1), Axial(1), Horizon(1), Puma Advance(1), Traxos(1), Varro(2), Wildcat(1) Korrex II (pre-seed only) 2,4 glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
Luxxur 2 E
2,4-D(4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), Infinity FX(4,6,27), MCPA(4), OcTTain(4), Paradigm(2,4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige(4), Stellar(2,4), Trophy (4) MCPA 4 E many tank-mix partners many tank-mix partners
OcTTain XL 4 E Achieve(1), Simplicity(2)
Optica Trio 4
Paradigm 2,4 E Curtail M(4), glyphosates(9)-pre-seed, MCPA(4)
Pixxaro 4 E
Predicade 2,4
PrePass XC (pre-seed only) 2,9 E glyphosates(9)
Prestige XC/XL / Esteem 4 E glyphosates(9)-pre-seed
Refine SG 2 E Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), Pyralid(4)
Rexade 2,4 E
Simplicity / Simplicity GoDRI 2 Attain XC(4), OcTTain XL(4), Paradigm(2,4), Prestige XC(4), Pixxaro(4), MCPA(4)
Axial(1), glyphosates(9)-pre-seed, Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Achieve(1), Simplicity(2)
glyphosates(9)
Achieve(1), Simplicity(2)
Axial(1), Everest(2), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Sword / Target 4 G Buzzin(5), Linuron(7), Metrix(5), Sencor(5) Horizon 240EC(1)
Travallas 2,4 E MCPA Ester(4)
Triton K 2,4
Velocity M3 2,6,27 E 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4)
Varro 2 Buctril M(4,6), Infinity(6,27), Thumper(4,6)
This table is presented as a guide only. It is strongly recommended that users refer to
Axial(1), Everest 2.0(2), Simplicity(2), Varro(2)
Puma Advance(1)
Barnyard grass
GRASSY WEEDS VOLUNTEERS
Foxtail, green Foxtail, yellow Wild oats Vol. corn Vol. flax Vol. canola/Mustard Vol. sunflowers
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
BROADLEAF WEEDS
PERENNIAL WEEDS
Buckwheat, wild Catch fly, night-flowering Chickweed Cleavers Cocklebur Flixweed Hempnettle Kochia Lamb’s-quarters Mallow, round-leaved Mustard, wild Pigweed, redroot Russian thistle Shepherd’s purse Smart weed, annual Stinkweed Dandelion Quackgrass Sowthistle, perennial Thistle, Canada
THERE’S STRENGTH IN NUMBERS
Three different powerful herbicide Groups have been combined to make one simple solution for cereal growers.
Infinity ® FX swiftly takes down over 27 different broadleaf weeds, including kochia (up to 15 cm) and cleavers (up to 9 whorls). And if you’re worried about resistance, consider this: you’re not messing with one wolf, you’re messing with the whole pack.
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: BARLEY
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
2,4-D 4 G many tank-mix partners
Achieve / Bison 400L / Nufarm Tralkoxydim / Marengo 1 G 2,4-D(4), 2,4-DB(4), Attain/Flurox 24(4), Badge(4,6), Bromotril II(6), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Lontrel(4), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6) OcTTain XL(4), Pardner(6), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Pyralid(4), Thrasher(4,6), Thumper(4,6), Trophy(4)
AIM + glyphosates (pre-seed) 14+9 E 2,4-D Ester (4), Express SG (2), Express Pro (4), Express FX (2,4)
Ally 2 G 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Adds to control rating shown: check individual products for added ratings. Check for variety restrictions; multiple tank-mixes. Many conditions apply: check provincial weed guide and labels.
many tank-mix partners
Avenge(8), Puma Advance(1),
Approve / Thrasher II / Thumper 4,6 E Achieve(1), Avenge 200 C(8), Bison 400L(1), Cordon(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
Assert 300 SC / Avert 2 E 2,4-D(4), Attain(4), CurtailM(4), Dichlorprop DX / Estaprop XT(4), Flurox-24(4), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Prestige XC(4), Refine SG(2), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Trophy(4) Cordon(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Assert FL (Assert+Frontline) 2,4 E
Attain XC 4 G
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avert(2), Puma 120 Super(1) Avadex Liquid EC / Avadex MicroActiv 8 E Bonanza/Rival/Treflan(3)
Axial 1 E Buctril M(4,6), Cirpreme XC (2,4) Curtail M(4), Frontline XL(2,4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Mextrol(4,6), Paradigm(2,4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Refine SG(2), Spectrum(2,4), Stellar(2,4), Trophy (4)
Axial Xtreme iPak
1,4,6,27 E
Axial Xtreme 1,4 E Broadside(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Frontline XL(2,4), Mextrol(4,6), MCPA Ester(4), Infinity(6,27), Refine SG(2)
Badge / Buctril M / Logic M / Mextrol 4,6 E Ally(2), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
Barricade II 2,4 E 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4)
Bengal WB / Cordon / MPOWER Hellcat / Puma 120 Super / Wildcat 1 G 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Badge / Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX / Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Infinity(6,27), MCPA(4), Prestige(4), Refine SG(2), Spectrum(2,4), Thrasher II(4,6), Thumper(4,6), Trophy(4), Turboprop(4)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avenge(8), Axial (1), Puma Advance(1)
Assert(2), Axial(1), Puma Advance(1)
BlackHawk (pre-emerge) 4,14 E glyphosates(9) glyphosates(9)
Blitz / MPOWER Battlefront / Priority 2 E Curtail M(4), MCPA(4)
Assert(2)
Bonanza / Rival / Treflan pre-emergence (foxtail) 3 E Avadex BW(8) (liquid EC formulations only)
Bonanza / Rival / Treflan (grassy and broadleaf) 3 F
Broadband 1,2 E Curtail M(4), Infinity(6,27), MCPA Ester(4), Prestige XC(4)
BroadSide / Refine M 2,4 E Lontrel(4)
Bromotril II / Koril / Pardner 6 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
Cirpreme XC 2,4 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4)
CleanStart (pre-seed) 9,14 E Conquer (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 6,14 E glyphosates(9)
Curtail M 4 G Refine SG(2)
Deploy / MPOWER R 2 E 2,4-D(4), Attain(2,4), Curtail M(4), Engenia(4), MCPA(4), Lontrel(4), Pyralid(4)
Assert(2), Axial(1), Avert(2), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1), Wildcat(1)
Achieve(1), Avenge(8)
Axial(1)
glyphosates(9)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avenge(8), Axial(1), Cordon(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Assert (2), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Dichlorprop DX / Estaprop XT / Turboprop 4 G many tank-mix partners many tank-mix partners
Enforcer D 4,6 E
Enforcer M 4,6 E
Achieve(1) , Cordon(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1)
Achieve(1), Axial(1), Cordon(1), Everest(2), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1), Signal(1), Varro(2)
Enforcer MSU 2,4,6 E Axial(1), Cordon(1), Puma Advance(1)
Engenia / Oracle / Xtendimax + 2,4-D / MCPA 4+4 F Ally(2), Sencor(5)
Express FX + glyphosates (pre-seed) 2,4,9 E Aim(14)
Express Pro + glyphosates (pre-seed) 2,9 E Aim(14)
Express SG + glyphosates (pre-seed) 2,9 E Aim(14)
ForceFighter M 4,6 E Deploy(2), MPOWER R(2), Refine SG(2) Bison(1)
Fortress MicroActiv 3,8 G
Flurox-24 / Rush 24 4 E many tank-mix partners
Frontline XL / Topline 2,4 E Assert (2), Avert(2), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Glyphosates [PREHARVEST] 9
Goldwing (pre-emergent) 4,14 E glyphosates(9)
Heat LQ (pre-seed/pre-emerge) 14 E glyphosates(9)
Hotshot (pre-seed only) 2,6 E glyphosates(9)
Inferno WDG / MPOWER X 2 • 2,4-D(4), Engenia(4), MCPA Amine(4), metribuzin(5)
Infinity 6,27 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4), Lontrel(4), Pyralid(4)
Infinity FX 4,6,27 E 2,4-D Ester(4), MCPA Ester(4)
KoAct (pre-seed only) 2,4 glyphosates(9)
Korrex II (pre-seed only) 2,4 glyphosates(9)
Linuron + MCPA amine 7+4 F
Lontrel / Pyralid 4 E 2,4-D(4), MCPA(4), Refine SG(2)
This table is presented as a guide only. It is strongly recommended that users refer to provincial crop H100:AL108 guides and product labels
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
Assert(2), Cordon(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Wildcat(1)
Achieve(1), Axial(1), Axial Extreme, Puma Advance(1), Trondus(1), Wildcat(1)
Achieve(1), Axial(1), Puma Advance(1), Trondus(1)
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
Achieve(1)
Barnyard grass
Foxtail, green Foxtail, yellow Wild oats Vol. corn Vol. flax Vol. canola/mustard Vol. sunflowers
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
Buckwheat, wild Catch fly, night-flowering Chickweed Cleavers Cocklebur Flixweed Hempnettle Kochia Lamb’s-quarters Mallow, round-leaved
Mustard, wild Pigweed, redroot Russian thistle Shepherd’s purse Smart weed, annual Stinkweed Dandelion Quackgrass Sowthistle, perennial Thistle, Canada
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: BARLEY
Adds
Adds
Axial(1), Marengo(1), Puma
glyphosates(9)-pre-seed
Curtail M(4) Achieve(1), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
glyphosates(9)
Prestige XC/XL / Esteem
glyphosates(9)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1) Pulsar
Puma Advance (can apply alone)
MCPA Ester(4)
E 2,4-D(4), Ally(2), Barricade II(2,4), Buctril M(4,6), Curtail M(4), Dichlorprop DX/Estaprop XT(4), Enforcer D(4,6), Enforcer M(4,6), Infinity (6,27), MCPA(4), Pixxaro(4), Prestige XC(4), Refine SG(2), Thumper(4,6), Trophy(4), Turboprop(4)
Refine SG 2 E 2,4-D(4), Attain(2,4), Curtail(4), Engenia(4), MCPA(4), Lontrel(4), Pyralid(4)
Assert(2), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
Retain SG 2,4 G Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
Rezuvant 1,4 E MCPA Ester(4)
Rezuvant + MCPA
1,4 E MCPA(4)
Rush M / Trophy 4 E
Sencor* / Squadron / Tricor / Metrix / Buzzin 5 F 2,4-D(4), Engenia(4), MCPA(4), Target(4)
Spectrum 2,4 E
Sword / Target 4 F Buzzin(5), Linuron(7), Metrix(5), Sencor(5)
Travallas 2,4 E MCPA Ester(4)
Triton C 2,4 E 2,4-D(4)
Achieve(1), Assert(2), Axial(1), Bengal WB(1), Bison 400L(1), Cordon(1), Nufarm Tralkoxydim(1), Puma Advance(1), Signal(1), Simplicity(1), Traxos(1)
Assert(2), Avert(2), Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1)
Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
Axial(1), Puma 120 Super(1), Puma Advance(1)
Triton K 2,4 • Puma Advance(1)
Tundra 1,6,27 E 2,4-D(4), Lontrel(4), MCPA Ester(4), Pyralid(4)
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
CEREALS: OATS
PRODUCTS
AIM + glyphosates (pre-seed)
Badge II / Buctril M / Logic M / Mextrol
Engenia / Oracle / Xtendimax + MCPA (amine, K)
BlackHawk (7 days prior to seeding)
Blitz / MPOWER Battlefront / Priority
BroadSide / Refine M
Bromotril II / Koril / Pardner
CleanStart (pre-seed)
Conquer (pre-seed/pre-emerge)
Curtail M
Deploy / MPOWER R
Express SG + glyphosates (pre-seed)
Frontline XL / Topline
Glyphosates [PREHARVEST] (not all brands)
GoldWing (pre-emerge)
Heat LQ (pre-seed/pre-emerge)
Hotshot (pre-seed only)
Korrex II (pre-seed only)
Linuron + MCPA amine
Lontrel / Pyralid
PrePass XC -
XC / Esteem
II / Buctril M / Logic M / Mextrol (inc.
Basagran / Basagran Forte / Benta Super
Bonanza / Rival / Treflan
Bromotril II / Koril / Pardner (inc.
[PREHARVEST]
Lontrel / Pyralid
Lontrel / Pyralid + MCPA (ester or amine)
/ MCPAK
Poast Ultra (inc. low linolenic)
Poast Ultra + Badge II / Buctril M / Logic M / Mextrol*
Poast Ultra + Lontrel / Pyralid (inc. low linolenic)
Poast Ultra + Lontrel / Pyralid + MCPA (inc. low linolenic)
Poast Ultra + MCPA (inc. low linolenic)
Adds
E MCPA(4), MCPAK(4)
G glyphosates(9)
E Curtail M(4), MCPA(4)
Lontrel(4)
MCPA(4), MCPAK(4)
glyphosates(9)
MCPA(4)
Aim(14)
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
glyphosates(9)
partners Linuron(7) (MCPA amine only)
Buckwheat, wild
WEED CONTROL GUIDE 2019
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN KOCHIA AND RUSSIAN
THISTLE IS EXPANDING
Continued from page 12
38 per cent of the individual plants within the populations classified as glyphosate-resistant.
“Unlike the 2012 survey where glyphosate-resistant kochia was found mainly on chemfallow fields, glyphosate-resistant kochia was found across many crops,” Hall says. “This indicates how quickly resistance can spread through pollen flow and the tumbling nature of the weed.”
Glyphosate-resistant kochia was found in small-grain cereals (37 per cent), oilseeds (canola, flax, mustard) (14 per cent), pulses (lentil, field pea) (19 per cent) and large-grain cereals (corn) (11 per cent). The eight cornfields with GR kochia were all located in Newell County.
Group 4 dicamba resistance was found at 24 sites accounting for eight per cent of the 305 populations sampled, compared to none in the 2012 survey. It was found at one oil well site, four ditch areas, and 19 fields (two-thirds cereals, one-quarter pulses, with the remainder oilseeds).
Hall says that similar to glyphosate resistance, populations were segregating for dicamba resistance, with an average of 14 per cent of individuals in a dicamba resistant population. She says this low frequency is consistent with early stages of resistance evolution in populations across the southern Prairie region.
Of great concern, although not surprising to the weed scientists, is that triple-resistant Group 9 + Group 2 + Group 4 was found in 31 (10 per cent) of the sample populations in nine counties. All but one was found in cropland.
This rapid evolution of Group 9 and Group 4 resistance is not surprising considering how quickly Group 2 and Group 9 resistance overtook the kochia population.
“Five years after the previous survey in 2012, the glyphosateresistant biotype now infests virtually all jurisdictions in southern Alberta where kochia occurs. Half of the populations surveyed were glyphosate resistant, compared to five per cent in 2012,” Hall says. “We expect glyphosate-resistant kochia to comprise over two-thirds of populations when surveyed within the next five years.”
A similar trend can also be expected in Saskatchewan where a survey is planned in 2019.
Since growers have heavily relied on Group 4 herbicides to control kochia, the discovery and expected increase of triple-resistant kochia is concerning because it eliminates many herbicide choices.
Group 2 resistant Russian thistle expanding
Herbicide resistance in Russian thistle has been slower to evolve than in kochia, although their reproductive biologies are similar. Both are tumbleweeds and both are outcrossing species. The first Group 2 resistant Russian thistle was confirmed in Saskatchewan in 1989 and only a few populations were confirmed in southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan during the 2000s.
In 2017, Russian thistle screening for herbicide resistance was conducted at the same time as the kochia survey. A total of 45 Russian thistle populations were collected and screened for glyphosate and Group 2 resistance.
The good news was that no populations were found to have glyphosate resistance. However this doesn’t mean that Russian thistle may not develop glyphosate resistance. It was confirmed in Montana and Oregon in 2018, and may indeed be in southern Alberta fields.
“Lack of evidence doesn’t mean that glyphosate-resistant Russian thistle does not occur in southern Alberta. It just might not have been found yet,” Hall says.
The bad news is that Group 2 resistant Russian thistle was confirmed in 31 of the 45 populations – or 62 per cent – in eight of 11 counties surveyed. The resistant populations were primarily found on cropland, but also four in ditches and two at oil well sites.
The lag in Group 2 Russian thistle resistance compared to kochia is narrowing and is expected to quickly evolve. The average frequency of Group 2 resistant Russian thistle in the confirmed populations was 49 per cent.
“Kochia and Russian thistle are so similar. Genetic traits such as herbicide resistance are typically moved by pollen flow, and spreading through space by their tumbling action,” Hall says.
Growers still have good herbicide options to control Group 2 resistant Russian thistle, although the choice is limited in pulse crops. In field pea, only bentazon (Group 6) can be used in-crop; ethalfluralin or trifluralin (Group 3) can be applied preemergence. In lentil, trifluralin can be applied preemergence, while ethalfluralin only provides suppression of Russian thistle.
“There really needs to be a concerted effort by all stakeholders including growers, municipalities and the oil industry to help manage these weeds,” Hall says.
STRAIGHT UP WILD OAT CONTROL
Wild oats hanging above the crop canopy are like a billboard for poor weed control.
Varro® herbicide provides outstanding control of wild oats and other problem grass weeds to keep your wheat field looking great all season.
Varro – wild oat control that’s worth talking about.
There’s nothing quite like knowing the worst weeds in your wheat fields have met with a fitting end. Following an application of Luxxur™ herbicide, you can have peace of mind that your wild oats and toughest broadleaf perennials have gotten exactly what they deserve.
SPRAY WITH CONFIDENCE.