Tech meets talent Exploring the opportunities of automation in modern greenhouse production | 8
Cold facts
Tips for managing climate through winter | 14
Trial triumphs
A peek at proven perennial performers | 18
NOVEMBER 2026
greenhousecanada.com
GROWING FORWARD
November 2026
Vol.46, Issue 8
22
Winter is coming
As cooler temperatures settle in, greenhouse climate management gets more challenging
Editorial
4
Industry News
6
Events
25
Inside View
26
ON THE COVER Cole Mucci of KingsOne Farms. Photos by Studio Alchemy. Read more: Page 10
Managing environmental conditions beyond temperature to support crop health and consistency. BY MOHYUDDIN MIRZA
Tested and trialled
18 PHOTO: RODGER TSCHANZ
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Guest column 8 Exploring how to keep pace with rapid technological change. By Rita Sterne
14 18 Cold control
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14
CONTENTS
22 AI, oh my!
A closer look at top perennial performers from the trial garden.
Weighing costs, benefits and realworld applications of AI in the greenhouse.
BY RODGER TSCHANZ
BY J LYNN FRASER
FROM THE EDITOR
GREENHOUSE CANADA is the only national business magazine published exclusively for the commercial greenhouse grower in Canada.
AMY KOUNIAKIS
November 2026 - Volume 46, No. 8
Where innovation takes root As I write, we’re coming off one of the busiest and most energizing weeks of the year for our industry. After reconnecting with growers, suppliers, researchers, and students at the 2026 Canadian Greenhouse Conference, it’s clear that greenhouse horticulture is entering a new era of innovation. The conference once again proved why it’s our annual industry reunion. Between education sessions, networking, and conversations in the aisles, there was no shortage of ideas about the challenges and opportunities shaping our sector. One of the highlights for me was the second annual Student Day, which saw an impressive turnout and created valuable opportunities for students to connect with experienced professionals. Through panel discussions and conversations throughout the day, attendees gained a deeper understanding of the diverse opportunities across the sector.
and what that means for growers. While the conversation around AI often focuses on what’s possible in the future, many greenhouse businesses are already finding practical ways to use AI to improve efficiency, support decision-making, and address ongoing labour challenges. As with any innovation, adoption will look different from operation to operation, but the opportunities and questions surrounding these tools are becoming increasingly relevant for all growers. At the heart of this issue is our profile of Cole Mucci, whose story offers a compelling look at the next generation of greenhouse leadership. As technology, sustainability, and shifting workforce expectations reshape the industry, leaders like Mucci are defining what success looks like in the years ahead. His story serves as a reminder that the industry is driven by people willing to challenge convention,
‘Leaders like Mucci are defining what success looks like...’ Another standout discussion focused on a topic that is impossible to ignore: artificial intelligence. During a panel discussion, Dominick DiMucci of Haven Greens and Mathew Tyhurst of Twin Creeks Greenhouses shared their experiences using AI in greenhouse operations. Their insights reinforced an important message: while AI may feel new to some growers, it is already beginning to influence how greenhouses monitor crops, manage data, and make decisions. It feels fitting, then, that this issue of Greenhouse Canada explores themes of AI and automation adoption. In this edition, we examine how emerging technologies are moving from concept to practical application 4 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
embrace change and build on the strong foundation laid by previous generations. This month, we also take a closer look at strategies for winter temperature control, an evergreen challenge as growers balance crop quality, energy use, and profitability through the colder months. And for those already planning next season’s plant programs, we highlight some of the top perennial performers from this year’s trial gardens. Whether you’re exploring AI tools, preparing for winter production, or looking ahead to next season’s crop selections, we hope this issue provides practical insights and fresh ideas you can put to work in your operation.
Reader Service Print and digital subscription inquiries or changes, please contact Angelita Potal, Customer Service Tel: 416-510-5113 Email: apotal@annexbusinessmedia.com Mail: 111 Gordon Baker Rd., Suite 400, Toronto, ON M2H 3R1 Editor AMY KOUNIAKIS akouniakis@annexbusinessmedia.com 519.429.5203 Publisher NASHELLE BARSKY nbarsky@annexbusinessmedia.com 905.431.8892 Account Coordinator KATHRYN NYENHUIS knyenhuis@annexbusinessmedia.com 416.510.6753 Audience Development Manager SHAWN ARUL sarul@annexbusinessmedia.com 416.510.5181 Group Publisher & VP, Content Strategy MICHELLE BERTHOLET mbertholet@annexbusinessmedia.com CEO SCOTT JAMIESON sjamieson@annexbusinessmedia.com Media Designer BROOKE SHAW Publication Mail Agreement #40065710 Printed in Canada ISSN 0712-4996 SUBSCRIPTION RATES Canada - 1 Year $41.37; Single $6.00 (plus applicable taxes) U.S.A. - 1 Year $94.41 CAD Annex Privacy Officer Privacy@annexbusinessmedia.com Tel: 800-668-2374 GST - #867172652RT0001 Occasionally, Greenhouse Canada will mail information on behalf of industry-related groups whose products and services we believe may be of interest to you. If you prefer not to receive this information, please contact our circulation department in any of the four ways listed above. No part of the editorial content of this publication may be reprinted without the publisher’s written permission. ©2026 Annex Business Media. All rights reserved. Opinions expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the editor or the publisher. No liability is assumed for errors or omissions. All advertising is subject to the publisher’s approval. Such approval does not imply any endorsement of the products or services advertised.
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INDUSTRY NEWS greenhousecanada.com
Haven Greens gets $5M federal boost to continue greenhouse innovation push The next phase of Haven Greens’ growth just received a $5 million federal funding boost to support its adoption of cutting-edge greenhouse technologies at the company’s newly built greenhouse. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada announced the repayable contribution, available through the AgriInnovate Program, during Minister Heath MacDonald’s tour of Kinghaven Farms in King City, ON, home to the Haven Greens operation, which is designed to produce up to two-million kilograms
of leafy greens annually. The support comes as the federal government expands its focus on CEA as part of its recently announced National Food Security Strategy. “This investment will help us further strengthen local food resilience and bring more fresh, sustainably grown produce to Canadians year-round,” said Haven founder and CEO Jay Willmot, who added that the funding will support further innovation across Canada’s CEA sector. (Source: AAFC)
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CANADIAN FLORICULTURE SAW JUMP IN 2025 AS EXPORTS FALTERED: FCG REPORT Canada’s floriculture sector posted solid domestic gains in 2025, even as exports declined for the first time in more than a decade and trade uncertainty reshaped buyer behaviour. According to Flowers Canada Growers’ (FCG) recently published 2025 Greenhouse Floriculture Industry Analysis,
inflation‑adjusted farm gate sales climbed to more than $2.4 billion, driven by strong performance in Ontario and rapid growth across Western provinces. Potted plants remained the industry’s economic anchor, generating $1.46 billion in farm gate value and accounting for the majority of absolute
Ottawa backs trials of pulsed‑LED platform Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) is providing up to $894,673 to Calgary-based SmartGRO Bioengineering Inc. to validate a pulsed‑LED lighting system designed to match standard LED crop performance while using significantly less power. According to a recent AAFC news release, controlled tests under the system have shown plants “produced the same harvest weight… while using up to 80 per cent less electricity.” The technology combines ultra‑fast pulsing LEDs with plant‑level sensors and AI controls that adjust light in real time based on crop needs; a potential advantage for growers managing tight margins and rising energy rates. Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food, Heath MacDonald, made the funding announcement during a tour of Hydragreens Produce Ltd. in Calgary where commercial trials of the technology are already underway.(Source: AAFC) 6 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
growth. Cut flowers saw the fastest percentage increase, up 38.8 per cent since 2021, while ornamental bedding plants continued a multi‑year decline. Exports fell to $959 million, a drop the report links partly to tariff‑related uncertainty. As FCG notes: “Exports declined despite
significant tariffs being in effect for only a matter of days,” underscoring how quickly market confidence can shift. Rising production costs and a reduction in greenhouse square footage added further pressure, though household floral consumption continued to rise.(Source: FCG)
BY THE NUMBERS
Source: ‘Flowers Canada Growers, Floriculture Stats Update October 2026
Year-todate exports were up 0.9% compared with the same period in 2025.
As of end of July 2026, exports were $19.5M below historical growth trajectory As of July 2026 inflationadjusted exports in were $647.6M, compared to $641.7M in 2025 $
November 2026 - GREENHOUSE CANADA 7
GUEST COLUMN RITA STERNE
Growing at the speed of our capabilities In the late 1980s, I was introduced to business strategy through case studies of various agricultural businesses. As students, we were prompted to consider the opportunities facing managers. We assessed incomplete data about new markets or strategies, calculated ratios from limited financial statements, and considered returns from potential technology investments, all in the face of imperfect information. From this experience, I learned early that staying still and failing to reinvest would eventually lead to business decline. The greenhouse industry is itself an innovation and, for many of the growers I know, technology and reinvestment are an ever-present part of running a greenhouse business. But the latest buffet of technologies being developed, tested, and adopted are coming at the ecosystem at a rapid rate. How can growers consider and/or assess the vast array of technologies on offer? Are these decisions coming at us more quickly than in the past? I recently spoke with Scott Golem, a Master Grower now directing the research team at the new research greenhouse at the Horticultural and Environmental Sciences Innovation Centre (HESIC) at Niagara College. I asked him his thoughts on current opportunities for automation. He said there were many activities for which humans contacted plants (for example, propagation cutting and sticking, moving, spacing
systems to augment (but not replace) grower decision making and expects that AI can be layered onto just about any platform being developed. He pointed out that the challenge of the future may be growers explaining greenhouse processes and showing their innovation partners (i.e.: engineers, manufacturers) what their daily workflow looks like. I wanted to get Scott’s thoughts on this because he and his team work with some highly skilled young “horticulturalist techies.” Damian Mocko and Rishi Dattani, both currently employed at HESIC to support research projects with industry partners, are superb examples of the keen young professionals building their tech skills to support careers in horticulture. They recently presented two posters at the Canadian Greenhouse Conference that exhibit the flexible skill sets of some upcoming greenhouse technology professionals. The first explored “Reflectance Signatures of Nutrient Deficiencies in Tomato Using MultiSpectral Imaging”; the second evaluated a “Rapid, Direct-to-Tube Pollen Collection Across Greenhouse Crops” technology. This team is just one example of those who will guide technology decisions in the future, an engaged generation that understands both horticulture capabilities and tech savviness are of value in the greenhouse of the future. Do growers require new skills for the wave of technology and AI-enhanced solutions coming their way? Scott noted that there may be new skills required but it may just require brushing off existing “Consider the opportunities arising from disruption...” skills, too. After all, growers have innovated of plants, grading, sorting, packaging) that were before. Hiring young talented horticulture experts each labour intensive and pointed me to solutions with technology skills will also help businesses adapt already available on the market for these activities. to automation and AI technologies. One example is FloraTrack AI, a business with a Our industry is not the first to be hit by a tech technology that will automate the assessment of sticky wave. While we may complain, both Covid-19 and cards used for integrated pest management (IPM; a challenging trade environment have required us to another crop-critical but labour-intensive task). This pivot and leave a space that seemed safe or nostalgic. technology supports workers already in the bay and And though we love stability, it’s always a wise strategy records data in a heartbeat using smart glasses that to consider the opportunities arising from disruption allow workers to collect data while performing other and find new ways to do better what we’ve ‘always tasks. This is a superb example of a tech solution done.’ Automation and AI are likely to fill that gap. that reduces labour and costs for a business while Rita Sterne connects great people in support of supporting workers and product quality. greenhouse industry innovation at both ends of Lake I also asked Scott how AI might intersect with Erie. She currently collaborates with the team at automation technology decisions. He observed that AI HESIC (Niagara College Research and Innovation) is already being integrated with climate control and the team at Agriculture UWindsor. 8 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
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ALL PHOTOS: STUDIO ALCHEMY
GROWING DIFFERENTLY Generational change as a form of greenhouse innovation BY DR. JANELLE ABELA Innovation is often framed around what is new. New technology. New equipment. New systems. New products. But some of the most important innovation begins somewhere less obvious: with a different way of thinking about something we already know how to do. Agriculture offers a compelling example. The industry is built on generations of accumulated knowledge. Practices are tested, refined and passed down. Experience carries enormous value. Yet every generation also inherits a different world – different technologies, labour realities, consumer expectations, markets and possibilities. The challenge is not choosing between preserving the old and embracing the new. The challenge is knowing what deserves to be carried
forward, what needs to evolve and what no longer serves the future. For Cole Mucci, founder and CEO of KingsOne in Kingsville, Ontario, that balance defines the work. Mucci grew up in a third-generation greenhouse farming family. Agriculture was not an industry he discovered later in life; it was an environment he understood from an early age. When KingsOne began production in January 2026, however, the goal was not to recreate what had already been done. Today, KingsOne operates a 6.5-acre automated greenhouse producing approximately 250,000 heads of pesticide-free lettuce each week, yearround. The operation is technologically advanced. But the deeper innovation sits in the thinking behind it.
ABOVE Inside KingsOne’s 6.5-acre, fully automated greenhouse in Kingsville, ON. Founder and CEO Cole Mucci (lower, right), comes from a third-generation greenhouse farming family. 10 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
RESPECTING THE PAST WITHOUT REPLICATING IT Generational change is often framed as conflict. One generation values experience. Another pushes for change. One relies on proven methods. Another questions long-standing practices. The tension can be real, but the framing is often too simplistic. Across industries, I have seen the strongest organizations emerge when people stop treating different perspectives as competing truths. Experience matters. So does the willingness to question assumptions created by experience. Mucci describes the foundation he inherited plainly: farming comes first. “You can have all the technology in the world, but at the end of the day you still have to understand the crop and grow a good product consistently,” he says. That distinction is central to KingsOne. The operation is not an attempt to reinvent farming for the sake of appearing innovative. It combines agricultural fundamentals with automation and technology designed to improve efficiency, consistency and reliability. Progress does not require rejecting
what came before. Innovation can mean understanding a system deeply enough to distinguish between what is essential and what simply became customary. There is a meaningful difference between inheriting knowledge and inheriting a blueprint. Knowledge provides a stronger place to begin. A blueprint can become a limit. INNOVATION STARTS WITH BETTER QUESTIONS Walk into a highly automated agricultural operation and the technology naturally attracts attention. But technology is only the visible layer of innovation. The more important work begins earlier, in the questions leaders like Mucci are willing to ask. How can production become more consistent? Where are unnecessary touchpoints? How can food safety improve? What does the market need now? What matters to today’s consumer? Which assumptions about growing, packing, marketing and selling food are worth challenging? “For me, innovation isn’t just the equipment inside the greenhouse,” Mucci explains. “It’s looking at the whole
“You can have all the technology in the world, but at the end of the day you still have to understand the crop and grow a good product consistently.”
business and asking how we can do things better.” At KingsOne, that mindset shapes the entire production model. The greenhouse is designed to minimize physical handling of the crop, supporting efficiency and food safety. Controlled production allows lettuce to be grown 365 days a year. Automation supports consistency at a scale that currently allows the business to produce roughly a quartermillion heads every week. Mucci is also looking beyond production. He sees opportunity in the relationship between growers and consumers. “People page want to1 know 26_012155_Greenhouse_Canada_NOV_CN Mod: September 1, 2026 11:50 AM Print: 09/24/26 v2.5 where
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LEFT The KingsOne greenhouse is capable of producing approximately 250,000 heads of pesticide-free lettuce each week, year-round.
their food comes from and how it’s grown,” he says. “There’s a big opportunity for growers to build brands and connect directly with the people buying their products.” That shift matters. Sometimes an industry’s greatest limitation is not capability. It is the assumptions people hold about their role. Agriculture is not only about growing food. It is also about trust, storytelling, market reach, consumer expectations, brand identity and the ability to respond to changing demand. DIFFERENT GENERATIONS NOTICE DIFFERENT THINGS Every generation enters an industry with a different set of reference points. The difference does not make one 12 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
generation inherently more innovative than another. It changes what people notice. Someone with decades of agricultural experience may recognize patterns in crops, operations, risk and relationships that cannot be learned quickly or captured fully in a manual. Someone entering the same industry today may instinctively look toward automation, data, branding, social media, consumer behaviour or practices borrowed from entirely different sectors. Placed in opposition, those perspectives create friction. Combined effectively, they create possibility. Mucci sees greater openness to outside ideas among his generation of growers. “We’re paying attention to technology, branding, consumer trends and how other industries are changing,” he says. Perhaps more importantly, younger growers may be more willing to challenge one of the most powerful sentences in any established industry: That’s how we’ve always done it. “If there’s a better way to grow, pack, market or sell something, I think our generation is pretty open to trying it,” Mucci says. But he quickly returns to the balance that makes KingsOne compelling. “At the same time, you can’t get too caught up in technology. At the end of the day, we’re farmers. The fundamentals will always matter first.” That balance offers a lesson far beyond agriculture. DIFFERENCE IS AN INNOVATION STRATEGY Innovation requires difference. Not difference reduced to demographics. Not generational difference reduced to stereotypes about Baby Boomers, Millennials or Gen Z. Innovation depends on difference in perspective, experience, questions and assumptions. One principle that shapes my own work is simple: perspective is data. When another person sees a problem
differently, they are offering information we do not have. Organizations often miss that opportunity because difference is interpreted as resistance before it is understood as insight. An experienced employee says, “We’ve tried that before.” A younger employee asks, “Why do we still do it this way?” Neither perspective is automatically right. The value sits in the conversation that follows. What did experience teach us? What has changed since then? What still works? What needs to evolve? What is now possible that was not possible before? Generational transition can become a powerful source of innovation because the next generation does not arrive empty-handed. It inherits knowledge, relationships, mistakes, successes and lessons accumulated over decades. But it receives those assets inside a different technological, economic and cultural environment. The goal should not be replication. The goal should be evolution. BETTER WAYS TO GROW Agriculture may be one of the clearest metaphors for innovation. Growth does
LEFT Pictured at KingsOne, Cole Mucci is building on generations of greenhouse production knowledge to usher in a new era of innovation.
not come from constantly digging up the roots. But growth also does not come from protecting the roots while ignoring everything changing above ground. KingsOne remains early in its story. Production began only in January 2026, and Mucci is clear that significant opportunity still lies ahead. The early stage makes the operation especially interesting. KingsOne reflects a generation of
agricultural leadership capable of respecting the expertise that built the industry while remaining curious about what could build its next chapter. When I asked Mucci to complete one sentence, his answer captured the idea more effectively than any complicated definition of innovation could. “The future of agriculture isn’t just about growing more; it’s about finding better ways to grow.” The lesson extends far beyond a greenhouse in Kingsville. Innovation does not always begin with invention. Sometimes it begins when we inherit a way of doing something, understand why it worked, respect the people who built it and still have the confidence to ask: What could we do differently now? Dr. Janelle Abela is a leadership and workplace culture strategist, speaker, author, and CEO of Diverse Solutions Strategy Firm. She can be reached at janelle@diversesolutions.ca.
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GREENHOUSE
winter readiness Key considerations for maintaining crop performance during winter
BY VIKRANT DHAWAN, JASHANDEEP SINGH AND MOHYUDDIN MIRZA BELOW Winter is coming and with it, the challenge to manage a consistent climate in the greenhouse.
WINTER TEMPERATURE CHALLENGES Temperature affects how plants grow and function. Prolonged cold can slow growth, restrict water and nutrient uptake and, in severe cases, cause plant death. Cold conditions can also contribute to circumstances that favour some diseases. Understanding these effects is an important part of greenhouse management during winter. Each crop has a favorable temperature range, but the optimum depends on the plant process being considered. Lower and upper threshold limits also vary with the variety, growth stage and length of exposure. A limit associated with slower development is not necessarily an injury or survival limit. This distinction matters when interpreting a temperature drop caused by a heater breakdown or power failure. Maintaining consistent conditions throughout a greenhouse can be challenging. Sensors in the centre may not reflect colder areas near doors and wet walls. Plants in those areas can experience different leaf and root-zone temperatures, even when the central reading appears normal. Reducing unwanted draughts through wet-wall openings and door seals can help limit heat loss and heating demand. However, retaining heat is only part of the picture. Light, humidity, air movement and irrigation-water temperature also affect what plants experience. This article connects those relationships with preparation before winter and monitoring
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14 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
RIGHT Winter greenhouse management com‑ bines preparation, an understanding of plant responses and ongoing monitoring.
during the season, focusing on how to interpret conditions rather than relying on one temperature reading.
Winter greenhouse temperature management
Understand plant responses
Monitor during winter
Check sensors and heaters. Confirm fuel, alarms and backup arrangements.
Connect light and air conditions with leaf and root temperatures.
Review temperature graphs.
Reliable readings and equipment
Better understanding of plant conditions
Recognise problems and make informed decisions
Compare locations and observe plants.
ECHINACEA ’Mellow Scarlets’
W NE !
HOW PLANTS RESPOND TO WINTER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS Winter brings shorter days, changing sunlight and colder outdoor conditions. These changes affect the energy plants receive and the water they lose. As a result, plants can experience different conditions even when the greenhouse temperature setting remains unchanged. Light and temperature work together. During cloudy weather, less natural light is available for photosynthesis, and heating cannot replace that missing light. In Canadian cannabis greenhouses, supplemental lighting supports lighting schedules, commonly including a 12-hour light period during flowering and 16 to 18 hours during vegetative growth. These schedules describe duration, not the total amount of light reaching the plants. Fullspectrum lighting is also used in winter production, but spectrum alone does not determine yield or potency. Cooling affects humidity and leaf moisture. After sunset, greenhouse air and plant surfaces can cool. Relative humidity rises as air cools if its moisture content remains unchanged. Condensation can form when leaves reach the dew point, meaning colder plant surfaces may become wet even while the air near the sensor remains warm. Dehumidifiers remove excess moisture and help reduce conditions that favour condensation. Humidity control contributes to disease prevention, including reducing conditions favourable to bud rot in cannabis, but cannot prevent disease on its own. Air movement influences heat and moisture exchange. A thin layer of air surrounds each leaf and affects the movement of heat and water vapour between the leaf and its surroundings. Air movement changes that exchange, but its effects depend on leaf temperature, air temperature and humidity. Moving air therefore does not always cool leaves. Circulation redistributes heat and moisture within the greenhouse; it does not remove moisture by itself. This distinction helps
Prepare before winter
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The above picture shows the effect of cooler night temperature around 12 to 14°C, causing phosphorus deficiency in tomato seedlings. The plants do stay compact but first flower cluster fruits will show cat facing and also growth abnormalities.
Climate control computers provide very precise information on temperature, both day and night, and 24-hour averages, light, carbon dioxide, vapour pressure deficit and relative humidity.
explain why air movement and moisture removal serve different purposes. Roots can experience different conditions from shoots. Warm air does not mean equally warm growing media. The root zone may remain cold after the air has warmed. Irrigation water exchanges heat with the growing medium, with the effect depending partly on the amount applied and the initial temperatures of the water and growing medium. A watertemperature reading alone cannot describe the resulting root temperature. Low root temperatures can restrict water transport and nutrient uptake. This supports a general physiological explanation, but it should not be presented as a measured response in flowering cannabis. Together, these relationships explain why temperature should be considered alongside light and water movement through the plant. They also provide context for interpreting observations without assuming that every symptom has the same environmental cause.
and root-zone conditions together can help growers understand whether plants are using the water being supplied. During periods of reduced transpiration, maintaining the same irrigation strategy used under higher-light conditions may result in excessive moisture in the growing medium. Conversely, excessively dry conditions can restrict root activity and make subsequent irrigation more difficult to manage. The objective is therefore not simply to maintain a particular moisture level, but to understand how the root zone is responding to changing environmental demand. Recording irrigation events alongside greenhouse temperature, humidity, light levels and substrate measurements can help identify patterns and support more precise irrigation decisions throughout the winter.
TEMPERATURE TRANSITIONS Temperature management is not only about maintaining daytime and nighttime set points. The rate and pattern of change between day and night can also influence the crop environment. A rapid evening temperature decline can increase relative humidity and bring colder plant surfaces closer to the dew point, while morning warming can create differences between air temperature and plant or root-zone temperature. For this reason, reviewing temperature trends alongside relative humidity and plant observations provides more useful information than relying solely on average temperature values. MANAGING THE ROOT ZONE DURING WINTER Winter management extends below the canopy. While greenhouse air temperature can respond relatively quickly to heating, the growing medium and root zone often change more slowly. This difference can influence irrigation response and root activity, particularly during periods of low light or reduced plant transpiration. Monitoring substrate moisture, irrigation volume, drainage 16 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
WINTER PREP Winter preparation should begin before the first cold spell. Checking sensors, servicing heaters and planning fuel deliveries early leaves time to address faults before heating becomes essential. Preparation also makes responsibilities clear, so important tasks are not missed during busy periods. Check sensor accuracy. A believable reading can still be inaccurate. Before winter, compare sensors with a calibrated reference instrument under the same conditions, following the manufacturer’s instructions. If the difference exceeds the specified tolerance, arrange calibration, adjustment or replacement as appropriate. Comparing sensors in different greenhouse locations does not confirm accuracy because those areas may genuinely have different temperatures. Keep a simple record of the checks so that later discrepancies can be investigated. Service heaters early. Arrange for a qualified technician to inspect heating equipment, including controls, safety devices and exhaust arrangements, according to the manufacturer’s requirements. Early servicing allows time to order parts and complete repairs. Waiting until a heater fails on a cold night turns a maintenance problem into an urgent interruption. Keep track of propane. Include tank-level checks in the winter routine and record consumption and deliveries. Confirm refill arrangements and delivery lead times with the supplier before winter. Prolonged cold increases demand, while snow or difficult
access may delay deliveries. Assign responsibility for checking supplies and contacting the supplier, with another person available to cover absences. Confirm backup responsibilities. Have qualified personnel check that backup arrangements will function during a power failure. Confirm that alarms reach the responsible person and that contact details are current. Equipment readiness and a clear response plan belong together: an alarm cannot resolve a problem if nobody receives it or knows who should act.
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INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS Preparation establishes a reliable starting point, but monitoring shows what happens as winter conditions change. Multiple sensors can reveal differences across the greenhouse that a central reading misses. Those differences become more useful when related to the location and timing of plant observations. Temperature graphs provide information that daily averages can hide. Readings recorded at 10-minute intervals can show when a drop occurred and approximately how long it lasted, although shorter fluctuations may be missed. These records are very useful after equipment faults or sudden weather changes. An average alone cannot distinguish a steady cool period from a brief, sharper drop. Sensor placement also affects interpretation. Direct sunlight or nearby heaters can produce readings that do not represent air conditions around the crop. Sensors should be protected from these direct influences. If two readings disagree, consider both instrument accuracy and genuine differences between locations before deciding which explanation fits. Plant appearance adds context but does not identify the cause by itself. Slow growth, yellow leaves and wilting may result from root problems, unsuitable moisture levels or disease as well as temperature stress. Adding water or fertilizer without understanding the cause may make matters worse. Connecting observations with environmental records helps distinguish a brief change from a recurring pattern. It also encourages a clear separation between what was measured, what was observed and what remains an explanation to investigate. That distinction makes both day-to-day decisions and later reviews more dependable. CONCLUSION Winter greenhouse temperature management combines an understanding of plant responses with dependable equipment and careful observation. A thermostat reading is useful, but it cannot describe every leaf, root zone or cold area within the structure. Light, humidity, air movement and irrigation water all contribute to the conditions around the crop. Preparation before winter reduces avoidable interruptions, while monitoring helps explain changes during the season. Success should be judged through plant health, consistency and production timing alongside heating costs. A lower fuel bill alone does not demonstrate an improvement if it accompanies slower development or greater losses. The goal is to understand the whole greenhouse environment and recognise problems before assumptions turn into costly decisions. Jashandeep Singh (Jdeep@gmtn.ca) is an assistant grower at Green Mountain Health Alliance (GMTN) greenhouse facility in Kaleden. BC. Vikrant Dhawan (vdhawan@gmtn.ca) is a plant scientist and master grower at GMTN. Dr. Mohyuddin Mirza is an industry consultant in Alberta and accepts questions at drmirzaconsultants@gmail.com.
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Proven perennials Exploring the selections that deliver consistent performance, strong bloom displays and consumer reliability BY RODGER TSCHANZ
Every year, a handful of plants rise above the rest in the trial gardens. Some are newer introductions, while others have been around long enough to prove their value over multiple seasons. The selections highlighted here stood out in 2026 for their garden performance, flower power, winter hardiness or ability to consistently draw attention from visitors during our open houses. 1. Echinacea Double Scoop Watermelon Deluxe was planted in our trial beds in 2023. Since then, each year, this entry was voted the favourite Echinacea at our August open houses. The even,
compact growth habit, solid bloom coverage and brilliant, pinkish double blooms all combine to create a solid and reliable floral display. The word is getting out to the public too; this summer, while visiting a garden centre I overheard a customer asking for this specific cultivar; unfortunately for that customer, the garden centre was sold out. After three years at our trial site, this plant reached heights of 56 cm with a spread of 65 cm. 2. Kniphofia Glowstick is a yellow selection of the Red Hot Poker plant. We started this plant from cuttings in the spring and it was blooming
ABOVE Rodger Tschanz (centre, blue shirt) shows visitors around the 2026 trial garden at Landscape Ontario headquarters in Milton, ON. 18 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
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in containers and in the ground by mid-August. As the clump grew bigger into the second season, this plant started to grab the attention of garden visitors. It has successfully overwintered in both our Guelph and Milton trial sites. The height reaches 70-75 cm and the clump width after two growing seasons is approximately 80 cm. 3. The new cultivars of Buddleia I have trialled haven’t produced seed and have shown no evidence of invasiveness in our plots, but still, they remain attractive to butterflies. One series I want to highlight here is Little Rockstars. It has a very compact, upright growth habit with heights reaching 50 to 70 cm and spreading 50 to 80 cm after three growing seasons. This series is available in five colours including ‘red’ (magenta), pink, white, blue and purple. The proportions of this plant make it suitable for container applications although I haven’t had an opportunity to trial it that way yet. It has survived three growing seasons/two winters in Guelph and Milton.
4. Phlox paniculata Flame Pro Baby Doll is an attractive pink bicolour selection. The Flame Pro series has been bred to have larger flowers, be more uniform and earlier to bloom than the Flame series. Phlox is known for its showy mid-summer floral exhibition and accompanying garden fragrance. Baby Doll always attracts attention at our open houses. It is compact, reaching mature heights of 60 to 100 cm in our trial beds. It has survived
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three winters in our trial area but has also survived multiple years in trials north of Winnipeg, allowing it to be included in Dümmen Orange’s True North collection of perennials. 5. The Rudbeckia American Gold Rush has received a lot of press in past years when it was named the 2023 Perennial Plant of the Year by the Perennial Plant Association. One of its key features is its resistance to the disease Septoria leaf spot and another is reliable bloom on uniform, compact (~60 cm in height) plants from late July through to early fall. We had 100 per cent winter survival for us over three winters. This plant truly does live up to the hype, making it a suitable alternative and improvement over the industry standard, ‘Goldsturm’, in the landscape. 6. Phygelius Colorburst Yellow is a plant that is supposed to only be winter hardy to Zone 7. We’re considered to be in Zone 5 but I’ve had 100 per cent winter survival over two winters with this selection planted in a well-drained bed partially protected from northwest winds by a building. Other locations where I have planted it had poor winter survival. Growing this plant as a perennial is not a sure thing in Canada but I mention it here in the article because this plant is different from all other perennials I trial with its unique, dangling, tubular flowers. In our gardens it has reached heights of 39 cm with a spread of 72 cm. One of the many benefits of perennial trials is seeing how plants perform over time rather than judging them after a single season. Whether it’s a popular Echinacea, a reliable Rudbeckia or a lesser-known plant that surprises us with its resilience, these selections have all earned their place on this list through strong performance in the garden and positive feedback from visitors. It’ll be interesting to see how they continue to develop in the years ahead. 20 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026 GH_Hoogendorn_Nov26_CSA.indd 1
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PHOTO: BYMURATDENIZ/ISTOCK / GETTY IMAGES PLUS/GETTY IMAGES
AI with purpose AI adoption starts with solving a problem, not chasing the latest technology
BY J. LYNN FRASER
“AI is exciting, but if you cannot clearly define the use case, it can become another tool that creates more work,” cautions Dominick DiMucci, Director of Cultivation Greens, Haven Greenhouses. “Growers already have plenty of data from climate systems and yield output. The value is in turning data into something actionable.” While all new technology is shiny and enticing, it is important to stay grounded. “Start with the problem, not with the technology. Be able to articulate your goal,” advises John Galbraith, VP Research & Development, Evormore. Ask yourself, he advises, “What is your North Star?” ROI A clear-eyed look at what a greenhouse needs and if AI can meet those needs will determine its ROI. A good AI tool should answer questions like:
“what changed, why did it change, what risk is developing, and what should we do next?” DiMucci says. “If it only tells me what I already know, or if it requires my team to spend more time validating, cleaning, and interpreting data, then the ROI is not there.” The ROI for a greenhouse using AI is determined, for example, by the greenhouse’s unique combination of inputs such as the employees, products, costs, infrastructure and technology, according to Galbraith. “If you are looking to build organizational capability, look at owning your AI. It will pay dividends,” he adds. The return should be measurable through better yields, reduced crop loss, increased labour efficiency, improved energy efficiency, faster decision-making or more consistent execution.
ABOVE The ROI for a greenhouse using AI tools is always determined by the operation’s unique combination of inputs and structure, experts note. 22 GREENHOUSE CANADA - November 2026
Cost is another decision point. DiMucci advises that there are several types of costs to consider: “software cost, integration cost, sensors, staff training, support, and the time it takes to adopt the system.” The costs of adopting AI may be prohibitive for medium-sized or smaller greenhouses as would training staff and adapting existing infrastructure. Unlike a human employee, AI may not be able to explain how decisions were arrived at. The time taken to reverse engineer an AI decision is a cost. THE POSITIVE AI is known for its speed. In pest management in greenhouses, for example, “AI can identify insects in seconds, recognize patterns across thousands of observations, and provide monitoring 24/7 without requiring constant manual scouting,” said Teresa Aguiar-Cordero, MSc, CEO & Co-founder, Insect Track Solutions, Inc. “Growers can obtain accurate identifications almost instantly and focus on making informed management decisions.” However, usefulness for AI has to be defined by more than speed. “Whether a pest needs intervention depends on factors such as crop stage, pest density, beneficial insect populations, environmental conditions, and economic thresholds,” Aguiar-Cordero points out. AI needs input from a variety of data. “The most effective AI systems combine rapid identification with economic thresholds, crop stage, pest biology, beneficial insects, and management recommendations,” says Aguiar-Cordero. “Early detection allows growers to respond before pest populations become economically damaging, supporting more precise and sustainable IPM strategies while reducing unnecessary pesticide applications.” The big benefit of AI, notes Matt Korpan, executive director of Research and Innovation, Biophi (Leamington), is that it can handle large data sets. AI can also collect data from a variety of sources without bias. This is in contrast to humans who “will want to see things” when they collect data and generate reports. AI will also compare unrelated data, finding issues and conditions, Korpan adds, that a human may not have considered. THE NEGATIVE In some applications AI has not convinced growers it is reliable.
“The growers I have spoken with have mentioned that the cost of AI for IPM compared to human scouting is not quite justifiable,” said Simon Loewen, volunteer director with the Alberta Greenhouse Growers Association (AGGA). AI has vulnerabilities that affect data quality. “Poor-quality images, uncommon species, or conditions that differ from the training data can affect identification accuracy,” said Aguiar-Cordero. “Scouting isn’t the same as pest control.
The accuracy of these systems and the size of pests they can accurately scout are yet to be fully proven,” DiMucci says. “The success of an IPM program still depends on sound biological control strategies, timely releases of beneficial insects, environmental management, sanitation, and experienced growers making informed decisions.” DiMucci adds, “Strong scouting, preventative practices, and well-executed biological control programs remain the most effective tools.” He says AI “could
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LEFT Teresa Aguiar-Cordero, CEO & co-founder of Insect Track Solutions, says the “most effective AI systems combine rapid identification with economic thresholds, crop stage, pest biology, beneficial insects, and management recommendations.”
improve scheduling of beneficial releases, identify trends across multiple facilities, optimize scouting routes, or help predict where pest pressure is likely to develop.” AI, DiMucci believes, can play a supporting role but “it doesn’t replace the fundamentals of integrated pest management. Strong scouting, preventative practices, and well-executed biological control programs remain the most effective tools.” THE FUTURE “I’d like to see AI continuously optimize lighting, heating, cooling, dehumidification, CO2, and irrigation together, as one integrated crop strategy,” says DiMucci. Similarly, Aguiar-Cordero, foresees “integration of multiple data sources, such as climate, crop growth,
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beneficial insects, and pest populations, into a single decision-support platform that provides growers with practical, real-time recommendations.” The smart home is becoming a reality. Aguiar-Cordero would like to see the equivalent in greenhouses : “Smart traps, climate sensors, irrigation systems, cameras, biological control programs, and crop health monitoring will all work together through AI, continuously learning from one another,” she said. The aggregation of such data means data security and storage must evolve practices ahead of AI’s deeper implementation in greenhouses. Careful planning and an understanding of data’s value are needed to develop appropriate security. If AI is integrated into most greenhouse systems like lighting, client records, finances, and irrigation, for example, the generated and stored data becomes invaluable to cyber thieves. Korpan notes that the philosophy behind AI and plant sensors is that AI will collect data from sensors when plants are stressed and under ‘attack’. AI is able to detect an infestation, for example, before it is visible to the human eye. The future may bring a reversal of those roles allowing plants communicate to AI systems their stressors and their need for fertilizer, pesticides and lighting. “Things are changing fast in AI. Five years from now we won’t recognize the world,” Korpan states.
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GARY JONES | greenhousewolf@gmail.com
Adapting to AI: Are you up for this? one-stop-shop systems: ”If you try to do everything at once, you may bite off more than you can chew.” Hagelunie (a webinar partner) summarized the issues: “The right question is not whether a tool is innovative. It is what specific problem it solves, how reliable it is, and whether it can be integrated into daily operations.” Guido’s final message was that the future of protected cropping will require the right mix of technology and human expertise. “Future advantages come from combining people, data, and automation.” He also pointed to the role of technology in helping businesses oversee larger acreages with fewer people. Workforce planning and technology planning need to be considered together. Automation may reduce some labour pressure, but specialist people will still be needed to interpret data, make decisions and run complex systems well. Which seems like good news for those who fear AI heralds the demise of all horticulture jobs. Clearly, someone (not something) needs to decide which technology is required, based on which problem takes priority in the queue of investments for the benefit of a business. In his eBook ’Presence Is a Strategy’, consultant and former cultivation operator Ryan Douglas argues that the industry is placing increasing weight on technology while underestimating the role of human judgment on the greenhouse floor. “I believe human judgment in commercial cultivation is more important now than ever before,” Ryan shares. ”There is a real danger of getting lost in the data and losing sight of the greenhouse floor, where the actual work happens.” ‘Don’t let [apps] distract you from properly observing the plants.’ Ryan argues that human knowledge, skill, and experience are the best So what do those working at the sharp edge of this options for putting all the available data into the technology think? whole business context, which, he says, comes from While addressing a range of topics that modern being in the crop, not the office. greenhouse growers deal with, Guido van het Hof, Of course, mobile apps on your phone allow you President of Great Northern Hydroponics in Ontario to do the data/tech stuff while present in the crop. shared his experiences with data and automation But don’t let those apps distract you from properly during a recent ‘Protected Cropping Australia’ webinar. observing the plants. Like Bath, Guido highlighted applications such as Dr. Bath feels that the best sign of a commercially computer vision, crop scouting, robotic harvesters, ready AI system is a willingness of its vendor to show and autonomous carts, and his experience with the you existing adopters and what it has done for them. technology since 2020 was positive about the role of Like Ryan Douglas, Dan states, “AI is optimization, not data, automation and artificial intelligence, but his magic.” After all, it’s artificial. Not super. examples were grounded and practical. His summary Gary Jones has worked in many aspects of the was that ”It yielded us more production, and it saved us horticulture industry in BC, the UK, and elsewhere, and some energy,” but he also offered caution against welcomes comments at greenhousewolf@gmail.com. Artificial Intelligence has been getting mixed, sometimes scary, reviews recently. Some might want to call it ‘Super Intelligence’, but that implies a comparative. I guess it depends on what you’re comparing it to. But I’d rather continue to see it as artificial, i.e. man-made. Either way, did you know that it’s not new? During a Greenhouse Canada webinar recently, Dr. Dan Bath (Research Scientist for Horticultural Automation at Vineland Research and Innovation Centre), noted that AI has its beginnings back in the 1940s when Alan Turing (English mathematician and computer engineer who famously broke the German ‘Enigma’ codes during WWII) envisioned computers that could‘think for themselves’. Turing is generally regarded as the conceptual founder of AI. I wonder what he’d have thought about the number of sessions on AI at GreenTech North America? Dan suggests the applications of AI in the greenhouse industry include: • Seeing the crop: crop monitoring, disease and stress detection (from companies such as IUNU and Sigrow); • Predicting the crop: yield forecasting, harvest planning, crop analytics (e.g. Source.Ag and LetsGrow.com); • Climate control and autonomous growing (e.g. Blue Radix, and Koidra), and • Doing the work: robotics, harvesting, and automation (e.g. Ridder and Arugga).
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