Research and Investigations: Kindergartens and elder care
Studio 3 AngĂŠlina Sabrina Molinaro Spring 2020
Table
of content
Research
05
Demographic, Politics, Value in life, Cycle of life?
Analysis
11
United institutions, Users, Users mobility, Growing old, Being a child, Background, Effect of nature, Intergenerational encounter
The elders
31
Research
Field research Interviews, Analysis of kindergartens, Analysis of Elder care, Findings.
45
Children
75
Facility, Workshop.
Bibliography
82
Research
Background, analysis
05
Demographic Growing segment of people needing care
Today there is 1.1 mio. people in Denmark in the category 65+. This is the age of retirement in Denmark. In the future several prognosis suggest that this demographic will rise further. In a welfare state the continuous battle to finance and assure people, who no longer can participate in the society, will still receive good care. For many years the conditions of the welfare have been criticized with a rise in demand fore more personnel in the health sector. Further more the prognoses also show a growing demographic of children in the future. Also here is a demand for more educated personnel1
- 8. Development in population. Danmarks statestik.
Population Prognoses 2018-2060 Denmark’s Statistic’s latest population prognoses shows that the population is expected to grow by 279,000 or 4.8 pct. over the next ten years. It is primarily the oldest segment that are becoming more numerous. The group over 80-year-old alone is expected to grow by 150,000 over the next ten years, corresponding to 58 per cent. more than today. The group of 65-79-year-old is expected to grow by 58,000 and thus be 7%. larger than today. The oldest segment will therefore have more presence in the society in the future than today.
9. Fertilitetskvotienter 2019. Danmarks statestik.
The number of over 80-year-old is expected to grow towards 2057, where they will amount to 667,000 or 2½ times more than today. By 2053, more than one in ten inhabitants is expected to be over 80. Today, over 80-year-old make up 4.4 per cent. of the population. The number of births is expected to increase over the next ten years. By 2027, the birth rate is expected to rise to over 72,000 children, which is 18 pct. more than was born last year. With an aging population, the number of deaths is also expected to increase every year. By 2027 over 58,000 are expected to die, which is 10 pct. more died than last year2.
10. median age 2018. Danmarks statestik.
Politics The Danish government For generations, we have developed a safe community in which we look after our children, care for our elderly, and care for each other if we suffer an accident or fall ill, regardless of social background or family situation. The government’s point of departure is that good health care and a decent elderly care are among the cornerstones of our welfare society. We must protect and develop that. The first steps have already been taken. With the Finance Act for 2016, we have prioritized a significant lift in the health area with a focus on the elderly. With the Finance Act for 2017, additional funds have been allocated to the area, while at the same time we have both strengthened the efforts for a decent elderly care. But we are not on target and the government will continue to prioritize improving our core welfare3.
Future When the effects of healthier aging in the future are taken into account, about 30 per cent will be needed. more care homes until 2032. This corresponds to the need for approximately 13,500 more care homes according to KL. If the need for nursing homes alone is projected with the demographics, around 35,000 more nursing homes will be needed by 2030, corresponding to an increase of 80 per cent5. In 25 years, the number of citizens over 80 will have doubled from about a quarter to about half a million. That means a lot more home help, a lot more nursing homes, and a lot more nursing staff. But how do we as a society lift the task? Municipalities will need thousands of new nursing homes and billions of dollars annually for extra care if the current level of care for the elderly is to be maintained4, this is without thinking of bettering the conditions
07
Value in life Poetic of life and death With this Population prognosis life and death will become more present in the Danish populations everyday life. Dealing with two very different audiences (children and elders), that have very different needs, but also share a common need for care and human interactions. One of the main differences between these two audiences being; they are contradictions to each other in their life cycles. One just started their life and one is in the end of it. This will mean more births and deaths in the future.
Self-determination in nursing homes The Danes live longer and generally have a lower need for care than before. However, the vast majority of the elderly, who are currently gets a place in a nursing home are severely physically or mentally impaired. They are deeply dependent on the help they receive at the nursing home. The government will pursue an aging policy based on the five basic values of the Elderly Commission on influencing one’s own life, respect for diversity, focusing on humanity, good experiences every day and a worthy end to life6.
Cycle of life? Perception of time and pace Being in apart of the western culture, Danes tend to view time as linear, with a definitive beginning and end. Time is viewed as limited in supply, so Western people structure their lives, especially business operations, by milestones and deadlines. Failure to meet them could be interpreted as having a poor work ethic or being incompetent7. An example of linear time perception could e.g.. linear timeframes, are counted as cumulative units from a particular starting point8. Time starts going fast in your 20-ish and then accelerates. This can have something to do with the scale you compare it with e.g. a watch objective. the other one being the subjective, which is what happens in you life. When you are child your very open e.g. the first time you see a excavator can take up your hole day, where as when you get older you don’t even see it. When we get older we become less sensitive for our surroundings, we no longer notice the excavator. Less things marks the subjective time, there fore in the number of experiences becomes less and time therefore feels like it goes quicker, because you have less experiences between the things you calculate your subjective time from. Other situations time can change you perception of time. This could e.g.. be falling in love or getting a heart attack. “Time flies by when we are together” because you are not counting. This can be compared to the child, when they are doing something they like time flies by. One of the big different between elders and children are that elders look more back and children look more fore-ward.
For children the subjective way of seeing time are more present. When you get older you lose some of the sensibility for new experiences that a child posses.
Time moving slowly
Being bored can happen in all ages. Here its has a lot to do with how we count and what is our perspective. If you are bored you become aware of time, this it because you miss a scale. Within an objective hour you have the perception that a certain thing will happen. If thins doesn’t happen you can feel like time has stopped9.
Elders and death
Elders chose more often to leave life on their own. Even if Denmark have been successful to bring down the rate of suicide the last 30 years, the curve is unchanged among the elders - especially men. Often these are connected to some difficult transitions in life, some of the reasoning behind this are loneliness and depression. Many chose death when life no loner makes sense. 10 For elders the last phase of life is more present than before, many experience some level of anxious towards death. Anxious not for death, but a more diffuse anxious of the road to death, and how the last time will become. 11
Children and death
Preschool children have a wider within contact with others and understand the world around them based on theirs special development steps. Egocentricity, associative logic and magic thinking has a big influence on, how they understand illness and death. These self-referencing ideas should be taken into account to avoid misunderstandings and the development of guilt in the child. Some could think that death came as a result of an action they did or could suggest some solutions to death, not fully understanding its permanence.12
09
A n a ly s i s
Elders and kids.
11
Unified
institutions
Users
Need to be educated
Smaller range Needs to learn
Full of energy Flexible
Need to be stimulated
Children 3-6 years
In this age you need to learn some of the rules in society, but also the social norms and how to interact with others. You have to get prepared for starting school and learn to engage with others outside your home.
Consider the weather
Gets tried faster
Poor vision
Hearing loss
Lack of energy
Diseases Mobility restrictions
Decrease in physical activity
Need helping devises
Needs rest
Elders 65 +
With ages comes years of wear and tear at the body, this is both to the physique, but can also be mental.
Users
The users have special needs in regard to their physical environment, this can be due to their physical state, but the frames surrounding them can also be used to enhance their mental state.
15 Dealing with parents and relatives
Chaotic everyday caused by lack of hands
Loss of hearing because of noise
Have to stay positive in difficult situations
Many unhealthy lifts Restrictions in the weight you can carry
Often gets sick
Walking a lot
Service personnel
This includes all personnel around elders and children. This could be a carer, kitchen personnel, pedagogues, leaders of the organisation, volunteers and helpers.
Users mobility Sealing hight story-appratment Sealing hight One-family house 200
Highest Shelf Eye height Standing
100
Table height Eye height Sitting
Children 3-6 years 13 Sealing hight story-appratment Sealing hight One-family house 200
Sitting height Eye-height Sitting 100
Table height
Elders
mobility restrictions
Mobility
Mobility restrictions and different ages have an impact on the scale in relation to reaching heigh and ability to have things and tables in the heigh fitting the users. Children and elders in wheelchair are more in same scale that people without restrictions.
17 Sealing hight story-appratment Sealing hight One-family house Highest Shelf
200
Eye height Standing
Eye height Sitting
100
Table height
People and elders
Growing old Loneliness Certain situations in life makes us more exposed for experiencing loneliness. An example of this can be, when we leave the labour market to retire. Loneliness can have many reasons, when you end up alone, if we get divorces, loss of a spouse, but it can also occur, if it becomes difficult to get around. When we experience loneliness it effects the life quality for the individual, mentally and physically. Loneliness increases the risk of illness and death. Today the retirement age in Denmark is 65,5 years. According to Ældresagen 50.000 elders in Denmark over 65 feel Lonely. Loneliness can be life-treating for the individual and expensive for the society. More recent research indicates that long time loneliness can increase the presence of dementia, cause cardiovascular disease and depression. Lonely people is often more in contact with their doctor, home care or authorities. Loneliness is the cause to higher admissions to hospitals and psychiatry14.
Give the elders their everydaylife back
Loneliness, boredom and helplessness are side effects of a wrong way of organizing everyday life. It is not always good enough to be in nursing homes in Denmark, says nurse and dementia coordinator Karin Dahl, who is working to change the nursing home culture in Denmark based on the American Eden Alternative philosophy.
Weak people in nursing homes who do not think life is worth living anymore. It may not be right for the content of life to stop the people moving into an institution because we others need to have control of everyday life, ”says Karin Dahl. She believes that too much effort is spent on administration, scheduling and documentation and that it goes beyond the elderly who live in the homes. "Unless we are aware of maintaining an everyday life in which the old people thrive, we will create the three unnecessary complaints, loneliness, boredom and helplessness, which are side effects of a wrong way of organizing everyday life," she says. “We, together with residents, families and employees, will start a wave that will mean that you will be left behind when you retire, and we will create respect for the elderly in the community. Today we do not have time for the old people, and that culture is moving into the nursing homes. It's the last station, and the elderly are there, because it "probably won't last long". With Eden Alternative, we want to be an offer to change that culture, but it doesn't have to be us. You can easily read the books and get started yourself, ”she explains, elaborating15:
Elders expectations Briefly, the study shows that they don't want more of the same. They have high expectations for welfare benefits, but at the same time have realistic expectations, so many of them have already invested money in savings to be spent on extra benefits. They are increasingly excited by welfare technology solutions that can address some of the challenges and free up extra time for caregivers. They greatly expect to move closer to their children and grandchildren - and they prefer private nursing homes over public ones. For many older Danes it is important to stay close to their children and grandchildren as they grow older. For example, it may be easier to visit the close family, easier to support busy families with children, but at the same time it is also a certainty for the elderly that there are children and grandchildren nearby who can help with big and small when the profits no longer exist. It is important for the elderly to live close to their children. Just under three out of four of the coming elderly state that they think it is quite important or very important that they live near their children. Although future elderly people are generally very positive about welfare technology, they only become even more interested in saying "yes" to the solutions if it can at the same time release resources from home carers and other caregivers to other tasks that may be more important to the elderly person. Thus, five out of six are likely to say yes to welfare technology if at the same time resources were released for other service offerings at the other end. There is no doubt that the greatest resistance is directed at the welfare technology solutions that replace human presence. For example, social robots encounter only support from every sixth and solid resistance from more than every other. But it also emphasizes the need for us to introduce welfare technology solutions as soon as possible, so that we can free up resources among the nursing staff so that they can fulfill their primary task; the human care of our senior citizens16.
19
Lack of proper care in kindergartens
It’s essential for children to form safe and close relations to their pedagogues, but the rate of pedagogues in daycare is so low that many children don’t get this opportunity. According to psychologist Rikke Yde Tordrup this have serious consequences for their learning and further development. If a child don’t get presence and don’t get used to seeking support from adults, it have big consequences for the child’s ability to self-regulate, attention ability and desire to socialize with others.
The minimum requirements
An average child in Denmark spend many hours in institutions. First they spend 2 years in the nursery and then 3 years in kindergarten. They spend 7-8 hours in an institution everyday. Psychologist Rikke Yde Tordrup meet more and more children and youth with stress and anxiety. They have difficulty regulating themselves and being with other people. According to Rikke Better the rate of pedagogues in daycare institutions are crucial for preventing its development17. According to a survey 29 % of pedagogues experience at least once a week to be in an indefensible situation. If the daycares today should reach the same level as in the 90’s there should be hired 9.000 pedagogues18.
The minimum requirement are suppose to be a protection among savings and downcuts the latest years. BUPL’s goal and recommendation is to have this staffing throughout the opening hours. The regular personnel being educated and a minimum rate of pedagogues should be 80 %. Today no municipalities can comply BUPL’s minimum requirements.
The minimum requirement should be understood as how many children there should be per. pedagogue. The minimum requirement on one pedagogue per. three children (1:3) within the age 0-2 years and one pedagogue per. six children (1:6) within 3-5 years. The minimum requirement are the first step in a direction to improve the conditions in the institutions.
Estimates by Denmarks Statistic estimates that in 2029, there will be 61.000 more kids in the age 0-5 years in Denmark. That will require 10.000 pedagogues more to maintain the rate and level of pedagogue of today- a number which is already in the low end of what scientist recommend 19.
Being a child Institution
The child and elders
Børnenesvilkår have made an investigation amongst children to investigate how they experience their everyday life. 91 pct. of the kids in the age 1-2 years are in daycare or nursery and 97 % of the children in the kindergarten age are in kindergartens.
Grandparents are known way to fill in the gaps for overworked or single parents. In a study conducted in the United Kingdom, researchers found that children who spent more time with their grandparents had less emotional and behavioural issues, and where much further in terms of emotional intelligence, compared to children, who did not have grandparents involved in their lives. .
Some of the main points during these interviews was how important the relation to the adult is in the institution, in relation of their well-being. Amongst many points children experiences deprivation for their parents, one of them most important elements being physical support of the child. Children how don’t experience physical contact also fail to thrive in the institution. Physical support being important for the child’s safety and well-being. They also experience children having a favourite adult, which is closely related to their ability to physically comfort the child20.
The power of a intergenerational relations have even shown to impacts depressive symptoms. A close relationship between grandparents and grandchildren has been linked to a decrease in symptoms of depression for all parties. Grandparents in the study noted that they felt like they were able to support their grandchildren, especially because they understood what they were experiencing. 21
21
Rollinger på plejehjem DR1 A short experiment by DR1 shows a smaller scale experiment, combining 8 kindergarten kids in the age 4-5 years with some 8 residents from a nursing home in Sjælssø, Denmark. The experiment takes place in the common lounge at the nursing home. The kids have to spend 3 out of 5 days at the nursing home. Already after the first encounter the elders feel the difference. This experiment briefly deals with the problematic of loneliness amount elders, depression, loss, sickness of a partner or the physical restrictions, which all have a big impact the well-being of the elders. After the experiment the elders state that they feel useful and feel like they have been given more life-quality, but also shows improvement mentally and physical. Also the parents of the kids feel a change in language and behaviour e.g. being more helpful at home.22 The Elders The elders participating in the experiment are relatively in good health, off course they have some blemish with ageing. Some of the elders talk about the void, a void of
coming from a big house to a very small unit. Listening to this you can hear the hopelessness in their voice, that some how they are all aware of it being their final destination; “there is no future in this age”. Elders whom have physical restrictions tend to isolate them selves more, many dealing with some sort of loss. Initiatives During this experiment you also encounter an initiatives; an incubator which is set in place to strengthen the relationships between the elders and the children. You also encounter other initiatives which is external from the experiment a tendency there have spread in Denmark, where you bike around with the elders, so they get to come outside and see more things. Restrictions In this experiment you also understand bad or inconsiderable design decisions can affect the elders mental state. One of the inhabitants had a hip problem, because a tile outside was uneven and she fell. Others find it hard to move outside the premise of the nursing home, it can e.g. be because of a hilly terrain. The positive outcome Spending time with the kids gives the elders a value of feeling useful. The children can benefit from the elders knowledge and presence, and also learn about a time before the Ipad. Children are impulsive and happy and that is contagious. Even if you think the elders would need quite, the experiment shows they have more joy and happiness, even if its on the expense of them being tired in the evening. Both audience have a joy for music and have similar needs as e.g. a nap in the afternoon. The experiment also helps develop the apathetic abilities for the children, but also sees a development in terms of the children’s vocabulary.
Background
23
Børnechok på plejehjem TV2 An experiment by TV2 shows a small scale experiment, combining a group 5 year old kids from a local kindergarten in Holstebro visiting the local nursing home. The experiment have been put together on their own initiative and takes place at the nursing home. Experiment is taking place during 2 weeks and deals with why we have divided our elders and children into 2 separate institutions. To facilitate this experiment the two institutions had to hire extra personnel. The kids have to spend all days at the nursing home until their parents pick them up. Many of the kids have never been at a nursing home or meet an old person. The elders mental and physical state is in general worse compared to the experiment in DR1. Expectations The kids initial expectations are high, they are interested in seeing how they look. The initial reaction from the elders is very difference. Many of them don’t think the experiment will succeed and are generally negative about children being in their facility. Many of the concerns is regarding the noise they will bring. Also the staff at the nursing home have concerns regarding the reaction of the elders but also in regards to ethically elder people doing kids stuff. After these experiment it shows, that this is no concern an everyone have a child hidden inside. They also realizes that it bring some humour in to their lives. The meeting The first days theme was that the participants have to become safe in each others company. The elders show clear sign of that they are uncomfortable and this is out of their comfort zone. The kids pick up this and states that they look sad or mad - or
the fact that they can’t walk. Starting of the day with gymnastics and singing, so the to groups can little by little get to know each other. 23 The state of the elders Many of the elders are struggling with dementia and depression. It is clear that the days with out the children are very long and many of the elders are bored. Rarely the very sick - also with dementia leaves their apartment. It is very clear that many of the lack human interactions. Many of them spend time sleeping or drinking coffee to pass the time. The age is 80 + of the elders participating in the experiment. The elders often sit alone and this can make you depressed Beneficial relationship The nursing-homes grumpy man is very negative in terms of the experiment. To soften the old man who don’t have kids up they put him together with a quiet and shy boy, and hopes that they can benefit from each others personalities. After a little time you can see that the two opens up to each other. After a couple of days it becomes clear that the children and the elders have established a relation. Joy During this experiment it is clear that, this experiment creates joy, not only to the participants but also to the staff. Even the very sick elders, who sometimes give the personal struggles, becomes easier and happier with the kids present .
Background
25
Mental health and nature Nature have been known to have a healthy effect on people for years. Last year an experiment in several municipalities made by Friluftsrådet and researchers at SDU are investigating, how nature affect different audiences; people with chronicle illness, lonely elders, citizen with stress, -anxiety or depression and children with special needs. The three first audiences experience getting better after taking part in this experiment, while it haven’t been possible to evaluate the last one -children with special needs. Søren Andkjær from institution Sports and biomechanics at SDU says that the nature have affected the participants in a positive direction in relation to well-being, health and life quality. The famous TV-doctor Peter Qvortrup Geisling believes that Danish children do not lack Vitamin B, C or D. They lack Vitamin N. Himself raised with a fishing rod and binoculars in his hand, he have become a public advocate for nature to be given by prescription to sick Danes. Especially one group, he thinks, needs a lot, much more in nature: Our children. “Children are half as much out in nature as when I was a boy. It simply does not work. The children miss a lot of experiences, which is a good counterpoint to a stressful children’s world today”. He thinks it can have major consequences for the new generation, if they do not feel the wind and tumble into the leaves. - If the children do not taste nature when they are children. Then they intuitively do not know where to go when they grow up and experience the stress and pressure.24
“Especially one group, he thinks, needs a lot, much more in nature: Our children. - Children are half as much out in nature as when I was a boy. It simply does not work”
11.
12.
Effect of nature Strayer a scientist mean that simply three days in nature gives an effect, he calls it the “three-day effect”. Our brains, he says, aren’t tireless three-pound machines; they’re easily fatigued. When we slow down, stop the busywork, and take in beautiful natural surroundings, not only do we feel restored, but our mental performance improves too. Strayer has demonstrated as much with a group of Outward Bound participants, who performed 50 percent better on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking. The three-day effect, he says, is a kind of cleaning of the mental windshield that occurs when we’ve been immersed in nature long enough. This effect of nature have always been used in cities also long time ago, but its only now we start to have evidence, where as before it was more an intuition. 2,500 years ago Cyrus the great built gardens for relaxation in the busy capital of Persia. An 16 th-century German-Swiss physician, had the same intuition when he wrote, “ The art of healing comes from nature, not from the physician. Today we seems more motivated to figure this out, motivated by large-sale public health problems such as obesity, depression and pervasive nearsightedness, all associated with that fact that we spend to much time indoors. Several investigations have been conducted. In England researchers from the University of Exeter Medical School recently analysed mental health data from 10,000 city dwellers and used high-resolution mapping to track where the subjects had lived over
18 years. They found that people living near more green space reported less mental distress, even after adjusting for income, education, and employment (all of which are also correlated with health). In 2009 a team of Dutch researchers found a lower incidence of 15 diseases—including depression, anxiety, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and migraines—in people who lived within about a half mile of green space. Researchers suspect that nature works primarily by lowering stress. Compared with people who have lousy window views, those who can see trees and grass have been shown to recover faster in hospitals, perform better in school, and even display less violent behaviour in neighbourhoods where it’s common.25
27
Generation gap According to Radikale Venstre does Denmark hold the world record in sending our youngest in daycare or nursing. This decision is not made on foundation of the well-being of the child, but is taking to fit the labour market. Many of the children starting in institutions at on 10 month26. After the women entered the working force, institutions have become essential part of everyday life to keep both parents working. This combined with families no longer live near their relatives, also makes the institutions necessary, when grandmother or grandfather lives to far to help out. Separated from their families older generations by distance, the discussion whether it affect the children not having a relation to the older generation is very much present in the public discussion27. The last couple of years the this topic have created much more awareness in form of articles, TV-shows, discussions and politics. The interest for creating multi-generational living in Denmark have also increased. The society seeing a social problem that the mix of generations maybe can solve. When you look to other countries the generations live closer connected and the children spend much more time with their grandparents, this can be due to no other opportunities for care, economy or the social structure of the country.
Intergenerational encounters Encounter can be created in different way, one of them being by planed meetings, random meetings or sensed meetings28. The term encounter was first used by American physician J.L. Moreno in 1914 and since developed by a.k.a. Carl Rogers. Encounter is a psychological term for an intense, emotionally developing encounter between two people. In the 1960s, in the United States, encounter groups of 8-15 people were developed to foster emotional openness, intimacy, self-awareness, and personal growth among members.29 These encounters between generation can be created by common activities or interest. In Denmark today many children doesn’t live close to relatives and miss out on the everyday exchange of knowledge between the elder and the younger generation. It makes sense to create encounters between the older generation and the younger generation as they supplement each other very well. Children have a need for present and to learn, elders have a many years of life experience and a lot of time. Elders need to have conversations and get activated and challenged in their everyday lives - where children (as elders) don’t have the same filter as many of us have on today, and can ask some hard and challenging questions, but also show an interest in their lives.
29
Elder care
The
elders 31
The Convid-19 virus have restricted the opportunity to investigate childcare and elder care and do the anthropological investigation as first planned. The investigation have been conducted by watching several documentaries, books and virtual contact.
Research I Danmark er jeg født - DR1
I Danmark er jeg født - DR1
Episode 3. (2019)
Episode 4.(2019)
This episode is about how life looks like, when you are close to the end station.
This episode is about how life looks like, when you are close to the end station.
Active until sickness This episode shows how many of the elders keep them selves in shape and actually hold an active life, we e.g. follow a 95 year old, who does body building. This episode shows how life can change tremendously by smaller things.
Dirt This episode shows how many of the elder men how live alone, struggle to keep a certain hygienic standard, but are willing to sacrifice this for keeping them selves independent and having more control in their lives. Freedom is an important aspect of their lives.
Down hill This show shows that elders still have their own interest. But when the health fails normal movements looks difficult. It also shows that many elders are reluctant of the thought to leave their home permanently. This also show just in the small trips - Out good but home best. This show also portraits that the elder generations have some roles ( the classic gender roles ), which the hold on to. It makes them feel use full. Therefore the loss is also bigger when you loss a spouse, then you also loss you routine. This comes out e.g. in a situation where a husband got a divorce from his wife, it becomes clear what her roll was - cleaning. Death A happy elder couple says the last thing to leave is the lust, and desire for sex. You always have a need for care from others. One of the disadvantage of becoming very old are the loss of children. It is clear that the elders in this show don’t have a problem talking about death, as they say; this is a time in life with many funerals30.
Nursing home In this episode we visit a nursing home. To start with notice that some of the habitants have forgotten where they live, and can not recognise their new home. We also get an look into how it is living on a nursing home. That there are activities everyday, as gymnastics, but not all want to participate, and some stays in isolation of their home. They feel the others are old, but not them selves. Its clear that even if you are surrounded by others in the same age, you can still feel lonely, as some of the elders say; its nice when someone comes by. Sickness and mobility Especially the active elders who experience sickness or restrictions in mobility struggle. They call it unworthy to just lie in a bed all day, and actually want life to end, if this is what life is for now. Also the loss of a permit can cause low will to live, the permit also being a function of mobility and having a state of freedom. This being lost can mean them being confined in their own homes. Some of the people states they have a wish to die and states that they are not afraid31.
33
Research Indefra Anders Agger - DR2 Episode 2 s. 7- Plejehjemmet i Dagmarsminde. (2019) This episode is about a nurse, who have been unhappy with the system and the way we tread the older generation. Demensia This facility is quite inspiring. The facility is designed for patients with dementia and can care for 10 people. The entrance is fenced in for security purposes, the entire garden is also fences in so the people living there can go and explore if they want. Human contact This facility distinct it-selves from others how deal with people with dementia. Dagmarsminde is decorated and designed as a home. They are a facility who takes the Nursing home literally. This have been because a reaction to the lack of humanity treating the elders and sick in our society. Here they believe in care instead of pills. They see isolation as a killer and focus on physical touch. Life worth living People with dementia still needs to be challenges and can still live a full life, even if they forgets who they are or were. The owner states that its about respect, creating a feeling of safety and happiness. Here the focus is not on what you should or could, but in what you can - and being praised for it.
Design This facility is designed as a home. They also have a domestic animals as a cat and a dog. The caregivers uniform also shows less institution and more home than others. The inhabitants have huge possibilities to be a part of the community of the space. Having many common areas as kitchen, place for activities, wellness, outdoor space and a common napping area. The habitants each have their own room, but other facilities are common. Everyone in this facility seeks the community and rather spend time with others. But its also clear that they keep some routines of the home, as coffee time and dinner time. Nature and routines The outdoor area of the property is big, Here they have bunnies and goats. The owner believes in animals and fresh air are healing. Terrace available with flower. Dagmarsminde use a lot of time to activate the senses of the elders. This can happen with water, touch or sing and dance. They also takes time to ask what they do. This is a question people stop to ask when people age, as if you no longer have any meaning. This they do everyday, even if they get the same answer, because the benefits are important. This place says they transform elders with dementia to vulnerable elders, by not focusing on their losses but what they can do. Its about people being able to feel hole32.
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Research Indefra Anders Agger - DR2 Episode 4 s. 7 - Alderdom. (2018) Aging sucks Being forced in some extend to leave you home, then make a small selection of some of your favourite furniture for your new place at Ældrecentere, where you can also have room for a small cat on you door, so you can find your way home. Your new life is Rød-stue where you can sit and just for the sake of sitting. How is it getting old? Suddenly you need help to everything, also to dress your self. You think the others are old, but not yourself. When you first move in there is certainly some thing you have to get use to and others you have to ignore. A Ældrecenter are for people who gets sick, have dementia or the last stop. Loneliness By watching this episode the loneliness of the people living here is clear, living in a place where noro-virus can kill. Many of the habitants have little mobility and cant walk by them selves. Most of the days are spend sitting down, watching tv or reading the paper. Its like things have stopped. Some of the people who live there states that we talk to little together and wished there was more conversation. Patterns Patterns start to show for the habitants. The lack the will to do new things, and feel defeated. Its clear that when you move into this institution it doesn’t matter what you did before, everyone losses their identity. They get restricted by the loss of their mobility, rarely sees their families, have no activities in their calender. As a habitant
states it; gone from being someone of being no one and nothing. They have gone to a time mostly dominated by negative events as funerals and loss, and where the approximatively to a toilet matters. Getting out In this episode the host takes some of the people for an excursion to where they are from. Here you see as soon as they leave the facility the person becomes more willing to talk and light up. But leaving the facility also brings some fear, and the dignity becomes compromised when you have to wear a diaper, just in case.33
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Research Indefra Anders Agger - DR2 Episode 7 s. 1 - I lÌre som enke (2013) This episode is about learning to cope with the loss of a spouse. In this episode they visit a facility who makes a course in who to live alone with your losses. A course in how to structure your life and recreate some of the will to live. Suicides. The rates of suicide amongst elders widows are high. The lost of a spouse is though. The biggest love of you life and best friend disappears. You have to learn to restart your life, sometimes in the age of 70+. Problematic. You become lonely and alone. The daily routine stops and with being alone comes loneliness. This programs deal with how to cope with making dinner for one. But its also a place where it is allowed to talk about your loss and being sad, where you finds equals, who understand your situation. At the end of your stay the idea is that you get your smile and some sense of purpose back into your life. Some of them haven’t smiled in a year. Vedbygaard want to turn sorrow into memory and recreate the happiness in life. Loss and isolation With the loss comes the sadness of missing a person, isolation. Many of them states that is it like life have stopped. Days goes by with television, radio and the paper. There can go 3 week’s without speaking with anyone. The isolation gets enforced by the loss of mobility and senses.
Advertised to grow old Growing old is meet with a certain scepticism towards it being overrated. Some traces of depression and PTSD is visible. A person say no one can hear me so I might as well be quite. Especially men have difficulties opening op and talk about loss. Lost Purpose Some of the people wish to go back to work, but who will hire someone on 80+? Its clear that many of the participant are still in great sorrow. No one can compare to their spouse and visions on future life are not welcome, and new relations seems impossible. Many of the participants also talk about the though of suicide, some have tried and other thought about it.34
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Research Youtube Senior Co-housing: Growing old together. About a community of elders living together. When you get older you house can become a burden. Therefore they have in the project downscaled their domestic units and created a community that evolves over time, with the expatiation of the community. The unit are quite small, so we get out in the common areas more. The facility have a common core with room for entertainment. Its a place with focus on the common and more work groups where you can contribute to the community and everyone have chores and help each-other living together where you really know and help your neighbour. A strong community with places for visitors from the outside. They state that the importance you feel of contribution to the common is important and they feel happy35. Co-housing for London’s aging population Housing with built- in social functions. You have no on site carer, there for living here also means that you have to have a certain level of health to not become a burden for the community. In this co-housing it is about the possibility to see other people and getting involved but that you can also chose to not being involved. This is a co-housing for women and about the intergenerational meeting between younger and elderly women. The architecture is quite successful with their ability to get light in everywhere36.
Research Youtube Golden oldies- real stories Dealing with the hypothesis that 1 in 5 will live to be over 100 years. In this series you follow a couple of elders who goes far to live on their own terms. Half of the people over 75 live alone. This show portraits lonely lives. People being on their own in UK and people not knowing their neighbours. 1 mio. elders feel trap in their houses. Lots of elders die from being to cold, many of them saving the heat for financials purposes. With age also comes disbelieve in their ability to remember and other people assume they can take advantage of them because they are old. It is obvious that the elders are proud people, whom are struggling to live like they want. They also express that they feel isolated, just surviving - existing. Especially the potential lost of dignity keeps many of them trapped in the misery. Some also struggle with their mental health due to loneliness - “god can you make this quick”, and have tried to take their own life. But others have a strong will to live, even by their age37. Growing old means many changes This one is more about some of the joy you can have becoming while ageing.” If you should stay in the house, you would not be happy”. Some communities come together when e.g. you stop driving and are no longer in charge, they step in. Some elders do a lot of volunteer work other keep active and study at the university. Many does what makes them happy and gets them out of the house. They express that they have been busier now than before, and some work 5 days a week.
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One is a foster grandparent and says it is a good experience to be with the kids, they are so innocent. Of course you feel the wear and tear on the body, but staying active lower the social welfare costs. The people participation in this documentary, says there is a lots of misconception about getting old, which gives fears of ageing. Others says you are lucky to go quick, than experience the decline of body and mind. These people states that home isn’t a physical place, but being with other people38.
Research Youtube Dementia: A month in the life - BBC Here you follow 3 people in different stages of Alzheimer, which is the most common type of dementia. In the early stages you notice that you start to forget words, simple words. Then you notice this isn’t normal. It is a very frighting feeling the first time. It feels like a fog that comes over your life. Suddenly the fog lifts and you can be in your life as you know it again. Surround your selves with many photos, they makes you happy. Even if you forget the place or person, you don’t forget the feeling that picture gives you. Memories become the most valuable possession. You don’t forget emotions. You also start to create your own strategies to cope with this sickness and to keep their interdependency. Dealing with this disease its natural to have fears, fear of becoming someone you cant recognize, going to a facility (loosing you independence) and not recognizing your loved once. But at one put the fog takes over and there are more foggy days, that clear ones. But in the fog you have to keep a happy mindset, even if you forget or gets confused and cent remember the past, you just be happy and look ahead39.
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Field
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Kindergarten and elder care Researching/Analysing the routines of the users Due to not being able to visit and talk to the users of interest in person, due to the Corona virus/Convid 19, I have turned to the virtual world. Most of my research have been done over phone and online, it have been conducted as interviews and as a schedule you can fill out you self.
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Kindergarten Name: Børnehave Opening Hour: 6:00 Closing Time: : 17:00 Number of children per. employee: Right now we are three adults and 14 children, but we need up and have approx. 20 children in our living room (the nomination is good right, now because I have just been added, but when the number of children also increases, the nomination becomes very “normalâ€? again.) Are all educated? no, but we have a usually high rate of pedagogues and pedagogical assistants. 2 pedagogues and one assistant. Common that institutions is half / half. The children can be outwardly responsive / troublesome children, they are wild, cannot engage well with other children. City: Horsens Position: pedagogue Typical day for staff: We have an open guard (between 6 and 7:30) and a close guard per week (between 16 and 17). And change on Fridays. Otherwise, we typically meet at 8: 30/9 time and go home at 15: 30/16 depending on hours - a lot of educators work part-time jobs (between 30 and 35 hours - few work 37 hours / week) when you are late, you typically meet a little later, and when you meet early you also typically have early leave. The idea is that almost all employees are at work during the period 9-12, where the educational activities and lunch take place. We have a break between 12 and 13 for half an hour, where we take turns during the time when the children are in the playground. You do it because of the activities that you do there because of the staffing, because there are most children here. 1214 is a pressing time.
The Typical day: 06:00 - 06:30 - children start to arrive continuously until approx. Kl. 8: 30/9, where almost everyone has met. Goes into the common room until 7:30, where the children are brought down to a living room where they get some breakfast. 08:30 - 09:00 - pee and wash hands (this takes a long time because the children rarely bother) 9:00 - short collection and fruit / buns .Sing goodbye song, name song. What day is it / date time. What will happen this day 09:30 - 10:30 - Activity. This can be language groups, playgroups, creative activities, etc. 10:30 - 11:00 - pee and wash hands, children using diapers are changed. 11:00 - Lunch 12:30 - 13:30 - playground outside 13:30 - 14:00 - pee and wash hands, children using diaper change. 14:00 - buns / vegetables inside and have a lot of energy from the playground. collection. 14:30 - 17:00 free play in summer outside / otherwise inside The children are typically picked up between 14:30 and 17:00 In the morning until 7 p.m. At 7:30 all children are in the common room with the other living rooms and they are also in the afternoon between 16 and 17, as there are fewer children and thus fewer educators / adults
Week schedule: We have regular language groups (there are many bilinguals in the kindergarten) and a regular walk-a-week where we leave the house. In addition, every Tuesday there is a Nussa group (educational activity with some regular children) Nussa group is where you sit in smaller groups and do some activities (susan hart), so it is about practicing some social skills / abilities of the children. In addition, there are various activities that can be associated with holidays or other things, but not as such. Extra info: Many smaller rooms can often be an advantage, so there is less turmoil. The fewer children overall, the fewer disturbances for those children who are more easily affected by stimuli and who have difficulty staying focused. We have a long walk that is easy to invite to races and wild games. This can be an option, but also a limitation. Many nurseries benefit from this in terms of motor skills, but since we have many troubled children, it is a major challenge as it simply makes them more restless and overstimulates to a high arousal level. Also, it can be a challenge that our living room and toilet are at each end, as you can meet many disturbances on the way down, to pee and wash hands. What steps can be taken to keep the children calm? Special activities? Mind full exercise, after the playground, goes into the small blanket and a toy, meditation music, relax. It should be said that our children’s group consists of a great many children from socially stressed areas and more or less vulnerable families. Therefore, there may be some more challenges in everyday demands that are not found in the same ways in other kindergartens.
Monitoring / breaking in or not? Children often play where the adults are. If they are Playing somewhere you are not so much because it is something the educators do not think is a good idea. So there is a little the same at a time conflicts / or settles. Difficult to stay focused on playing, can not get into a good game or create relationships and the value of the play. One not problematic with small spaces? Difficult to think about the needs of other children and others, the children may be wilder parents have less profits. Parents give in and do not say no because they
Kindergarten Name: Fyrtårnet Opening Hour: 6:30 Closing Time: 16:30 (16:00) Number of children per. employee: 8 approx. City: Skærbæk Position: Helper, unskilled.
The Typical day: 6:30 - 9:00 Arrival. First, use the common area and gradually fill up the rooms as the children arrive. 9:00 Going to the different rooms 9:00 - 9:30 Learning group for older children (5-6 years) Collection, song and talk about e.g. weekdays. 9:30 - 11:00 Play or other activities 11:00 - 11:30 Lunch, the kids help to cover tables and the like. Takes place in separate living rooms, but has food arrangement and kitchen. The staff should eat with the children, but there is not always enough food or time. 11:30 am - 2:00 pm Kids playing outside. Some of the smaller children sleep nap. They can wake up continuously. Staff keep their breaks. 14:00 Afternoon food inside 2:30 pm - close Different whether the children are inside or out after the weather until they are picked up.
Week schedule: 3-4 year excursion once a week. 5-6 year old once a week in the gym. Once a month on excursion, but may be cancelled if any staff is sick.
Extra info: You don’t really a grown- up without an IPad and keys. The children are very interested in when they are picked up. Having schedules for the week hanging, to give the kids an understanding of time. The kids can’t relate to time in the same ways as older people. According to staff, the worst day is Monday because the kids are wild after being home on the weekend.
Kindergarten Name: Børnehave Nordstjernen Opening Hour: 6:30 Closing Time: : 21:00 Number of children per. employee: 6 on average. However less by illness and days off / holidays. Position: Helper, unskilled. City: Kolding Typical Day for Staff: A typical day in kindergarten is very much defined by routine. We usually have the same rhythm all week 5 days, but with alternation according to activities. It could, for example. Take a walk in the playground in the area, out and drive by bus, new eating group, etc. The Typical day: 6:30 - We meet in the common area, where breakfast is served. The children are offered a bun, a piece of rye bread, milk breakfast and fruit. Then they have the opportunity to choose for themselves what they want. 07:30 - Adults pull the children down to the various rooms. In the living rooms, we often played with Lego, train tracks or drafts and made jigsaw puzzles in the morning. 08:30 - the second adult meets in the room, where the children are offered morning food - the same as for breakfast, with the exception of milk breakfast. Most kids also come in here. 09:00 - The two adults split into the two different living rooms, with approx. Just as many children in each living room. In the morning we would typically have between 4-7 children per day. At 9:00 am there are games in the rooms and the last two adults
meet. 10:30 -The children are distributed to their rooms where we hold a gathering. For assembly, we had a schedule, with different activities each day. 10:45-11:00 - Today’s helper goes with an adult to the kitchen and picks up lunch. Today’s helper distributes service to the other children in the room in collaboration with an adult. When the food is on the table and the service is distributed, we said “1, 2 Please” and then the children had to take the food and start eating. 11:30-11:45 - The kids go out to the wardrobe with an adult and put on outerwear so they’re ready to go out and play. No. 2 adults clean up the living room so it’s ready for the afternoon. 12:00 -14/16 - outdoor play depending on wind and weather. 12:00 - Two adults go for a break while the children play outside . 12:30. 14:30 Afternoon food. Most often, we divide into smaller groups if we are adults enough. At this point we will be in the kindergarten 3 adults. 14: 30-16: 30 - Play in the rooms, most often creative play in the form of play with clay, plastic wax, paint, drawing etc. 16: 30-16: 45 - The remaining children gather at the evening staff, where the last children who are not tonight are picked up.16: 45-17: 00 Evening children play with 2 adults, while the No. 3 adult makes dinner and covers up to dinner. Here, the one who makes dinner will usually take one of the bigger children in the kitchen, which helps with the dinner. 17: 15-17: 30 we start eating dinner, it usually lasts until 17: 45-18: 00. 18:00 play until the last children are picked up. The kids who are tonight are usually picked up at 18 pm.
Week schedule: Wednesday: Bus drive. Monday ran a fixed activity, Tuesday ran a fixed activity, etc.
Extra info: It’s an evening institution, which means we’re open for 21 - so the kids who are there in the evening get dinner These are typically children whose parents both work in the store or are parents alone and therefore only deliver at 10:30 to 11:30 and pick up at 18-19.
Daycare Name: Børnehave Eventyrlandet, Vuggestue. Opening Hour: 6:30 Closing Time: : 16:30 (16:00) Number of children per. employee: The standard in my living room (crèche) was 1 educator and 1 assistant for 7-9 children. Sometimes we were an adult more in the living room. The institution was self-owned and it does show something organizational and financial. Early in the morning the nursery and kindergarten are together, due to children. Afternoon the rating are low, the same problem. Over breakfast they can also be difficult with reacting the standards because of breaks. Worst for the ones in kindergarten. City: København NV Position: Helper, unskilled.
The Typical day: 6:45 - The first one meets 07:00 - Opens and the first children get breakfast in a living room. The kids are starting to get in. 9:15 - Morning snack And before lunch play 11:30 - Lunch and then the little ones are put from the nursery. The kindergarten children play in the afternoon. 14:00-15:00 - The little ones wake up and get an afternoon snack, as does the nursery and then they start to pick up. 17:00 - the institution will close again. The centre of the institution had a hall with the kids outerwear. The rooms had a door from the central room into the living rooms. Audition to this there was two rooms with glass door through, a play room and pillow room. Ate inside the playroom. Only a room for kids in kindergarten (maybe 25 people.) No quiet areas. Sofa area where you can read a little, with your back to the other children.
Week schedule: There was nothing planned. In addition to getting fish once a week and always rye bread on Fridays because our kitchen assistant had to go early. Excursions they did occasionally. Take a walk outside or to a park. Once went to a church where they told a story. Excursions could be obscure.
Extra info: There was also a scout club that used the place one night a week. They had a camp-fire that we used sometimes when there were not so many children and surplus. There was a whole basement where we only used the toilet for staff and a room as staff room, but otherwise it was left empty. There was an outdoor playground, and a green “nature�. Out pretty much. Out when the little ones sleep. lower rates are easier when out.
Nature Kindergarten Name: Muldvarpen Opening Hour: 07:00 Closing Time: : 17:00 Number of children per. employee: 5 adults for 25 children. Non of the employees are hired on full-time. So in average 3-4 adults in total. The fire in their eyes are more important than their education. Its important for them to have a diverse crew, because it gives the children different things. At the moment they have an artist and a plumbing-guy hired which is very fun. Diversity is a strength. The municipality wants 2/3 have an pedagogical background.
The Typical day: 07:00-09:00 - We have quite mornings, where the children arrive. They get breakfast and have indoor-quality time, which can be puzzles. 09:00 - we have an agreement with all the parents that the children all have arrived before 09.00. This is so focus can be fully on children the rest of the day. 09:00 - 10:45 - We do various activities with the children - often outside. 11:00 -11:30 - There is gathering and learning time.
City: Ry Position: Leader of the kindergarten, but more pedagogue.
12:00 - Lunch time, but you are allowed to eat when ever you want, if your hungry. Believes this is a collective time to be together.
Division: The kids are not divided into groups. They are kept in one big group, everyone knows everyone. This is to have one big family. The relation to the family is because the safe, you know and where you are coming from. It’s important that you are not forgotten. But they have a kind of subdivision of the kids in ages, so sometimes they do different activities according to their age.
12:30 - adult time. This means it a break for the pedagogues, where they sit in the middle of their facility with ta cop of coffee and discuss their lives or have pedagogical talks together. The children knows that they are around, but should disturb unless its absolutely necessary.
Facilities: A big wagon with a table with room for everyone. Room to play on the floor and on the loft. A small wagon for the small kids to play in and a room for meetings.
14:30 - 15:30 - is usually the time most kids get picked up.
Tent to screen for the wind and rain. The rest is slopes and forest. They also have some of the same facilities as swings especially running bikes are very popular. Moves location twice a year, the one they use in the winter are closer to the bus. Exciting coming new places. Other opportunities and the feeling of recognition - wakes up people.
14:00 - the smaller kids get up from their naps.
Week schedule:
Every Monday the kids are on trip divided into their ages. The trips doesn’t always have a destination, but sometimes they just walk to walk and see who or what they encounter on their way. Monday: trips Tuesday: Bonfire food after the lust principle, so the children who help are the once that feel like it. Wednesday: Creative day, with the artist that is hired. Thursday: motor skills day, where we built or doing games with the children.
Friday: Make your own lunch day.
Inside and outside: When am I outside? The outside are the base for the kindergarten. In the summer they spend approximately 90% of the time outside. In the winter is less 60%, its the more difficult months. Inside space is also a quite space. Uses the wagon ( house on wheels) as a pedagogical tool, and the kids are allow to have alone time inside. We believe we know who we can trust of the children, because we are like a family. You are never allowed to be alone by your selves, but you can be alone with another child. Humans are pack animals and are not suppose to be alone. The children often chose to play near the others and not in the furthest corner. Play: We have room for free play. We operate with 3 kinds of play. Free play - where you can chose your self, what and where to play. The there is play with adults in the periphery - adults only interfering helping to put words on feelings. Supervised play - games and play organised and controlled by the adults Children wants different things and we have room for all kinds of play during a day. As a kid you learn about your own boundaries and who you are. Believes the close relation is important to create trust. They say they are building relation bridges. The nature gives peace and quite, because there is more room we believe the conflicts are less because you relax more. The most important element being outdoors are shelter. There is a great contrast between winter and summer. We almost never have sick children, and never gets put down by the flue and alike. One of this reasons are they are not as close as in other kindergartens and are outside where there is high to the sky.
Extra info: It about planting the seed for them to become nature lovers in the future. No fencing. not trying to shield the children. Its about creating trust to the children. We operate between what is dangerous and life-threatening. Being very careful with life-threatening as water and traffic. Its about trust and safety also for the adults. But the kids are allowed to be hurt or have smaller accidents. If you have a fence you make some kids desire to investigate, because it is forbidden and makes them want to explore the outside. Instead they have ribbons in colours: red means stop. Yellow not longer from here. Blue allowed to pie on the tree. Most often we are herd animals. They seek the community, there is no community outside the red cords. The big kids help the new small kids to understand the rules. They only experienced having one child in 14 years, which they couldn’t have as a muldvarpe-child, because he couldn’t respect the rules with the ribbons. What elements do you use a lot in Nature? We use fire a lot for food and to keep warm. Wood means a lot, cut wood and clover wood, spending time in the workshop - a large scout camp. Builds ships and sends them to the creek. Sustainability and recycling kindergarten children trained in sustainability. Is not associated with water or sewerage. Learning that water is a resource and not for play. Winter they have electricity but in the summer uses solar cells. Composting toilets. Its important to involve the parents and the have conversations once a year. But also want to create relation between the parents to create this community feeling.
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Nursing home Name: Plejecenter Byageren Number of elderly per. employee: 3-4 City: NĂŚrum Position: Caretaker, helper. Shifts: 7:00 one of the morning staff comes and takes over and then the rest of the morning staff arrives at 8:00. 15:00 the evening staff come and 23:00 come the night guard. Place: The nursing home is divided into 6 houses each house has a team of colleagues, I am mainly only in one of the houses. Each house has about 11 small apartments, which have a large bathroom and a large room which is divided into a living room and the bedroom rooms are for the most part divided by closets, you basically live alone in your apartment, but married couples are allowed to moving in together in an apartment. In each house there is a large kitchen, dining room, and sofa living room. Then there is also a depot filled with towels, bed linen, gloves etc., and a laundry room with washers and dryers.
The Typical day:
8:00 - Meet at work and check the board for which residents I need to help today 8:15 - Goes in with breakfast for 1 occupant and helps them with medication (can wear clothes themselves) 8:25 - Goes in and helps resident 2 get in the bath and get clothes on. 9:10 - Serve breakfast for resident 2 and help them take medication 9:15 - Helps resident 3 with morning care and medication 9:45 - have breakfast with the residents sitting in the common area 10:00-11:15 - Clean up after breakfast, do the dishes, go out with the garbage, walk with residents and more. 11:15 - preparing lunch, covering table, making sure all residents wash hands, get to the toilet and come out for lunch. 12:00 - lunches with residents, and gives medicine to those who need it. 13:00 - Clean up after lunch, help the resident in the toilet, help the resident for dinner 14:00- Prepare afternoon coffee and cake. 14:30 - serve coffee and cake to those who want it, put on a movie and sit down with the resident and talk and watch movies 15:00 - there is staff change approx 16:00 - the people who sleep at noon are awoken 17:00 - the evening meal is prepared and a table is covered. 18:00 - there is dinner and medicine is given to those who need it 19:00 - the food is cleared from the table and put in the dishwasher, and a movie is often put on, sometimes chips are served etc. 20:00 - 22:00 the tired residents are put to bed. This can vary depending on how many people need help and when they want to sleep. 22:30 - the evening guards often meet and grab a cup of tea, coffee or the like 23:00 - the night guard arrives
Week schedule: There is training at. 10 every day in the common room (though not currently due to corona-virus). First Sunday of every month there is a bank on Sundays in the common room There is a Thursday cafe every Thursday in the common room Every Saturday night there is the Irish coffee club in the house I am in. There are also residents from other houses participating.
Extra info: Each house has a piano, where the staff can / and want to play the piano for the residents if they can. The nursing home also has a pianist who comes and plays in the houses once in a while.
There are usually 1-2 evenings a month where, for example, there is an opera evening, a concert is shown on a big screen and they can listen to music, sometimes there is live music. Currently due to corona there are no excursions. But there are 1-2 trips a month where the residents can come and then there are some big common trips where all houses leave a few times a year Social interactions: At lunch and dinner everyone sits down and eats with them from the same house. They also gather when there is afternoon coffee. However, the residents choose whether they want to be in the common areas or in their own homes. If they are in the common areas, they typically talk to the other residents and staff in the area. Currently there are 3-4 people who are looking for the community a lot and who spend most of their time at the common areas, so we have 2 people who almost never leave the apartments and they also eat food by themselves. And the rest vary greatly
- Sketch by participant in interview.
Home care Name: Local Center, SkĂĽde local(fairly large area). Area private homes + elderly homes. Two teams, where the areas are more divided. Opening Houre: 7:00 Closing Time: 15:00 Number of elderly per. employee: 8 approx. City: Aarhus
The Typical day: 6:45 - check up on your citizens activities since last time and visits. Consultations amoung colleagues. 07:00 - 11:00 - Morning visit Get them up, support socks, wash, dressing in clothes, breakfast, diaper change. In some places there are two helpers e.g. because of overweight. Other visits are only 10 min, because they are more independent.
Position: Sosu assistant (severe cases) / helper electricity. un-skilled. Successor / assistant.
11:00 - Lunch visits. Sometimes lunch is prepared in the morning. Giving medicine. Less demanding task. Late lunch for employee 1:30 pm.
Typical Day for Staff: Ordinary day 8-9 citizens per person approx. 8 people in a team. Often 8 hours shifts.
14:00 - Afternoon visit: People need to be changed, prepared for a nap or woken. Personnel you meet as a citizen during a day can change, if you as a citizen have more visits.
Generally you are preparing a lot of lunch sor giving medicine, because they can forget it or lack the motivation. The taste buds and hunger disappear with age. Provides help 24 hours a day Shifts Day: 7:15 (6:45) - 15. Evening: 15-23. Night watch: The rest The citizen can be picked up in a taxi, if they want to participate in an activity in the local center and are not mobile enough to go there. The Daily life is different from citizen to citizen as some need a lot of help while others do not need that much help. The staff has a tablet, QURA with a Lock app to access most homes.
17:00 - Evening team: Many small visits. Make dinner (often trays). Some are put to bed at a 21-22 time. 23:00 - Night watchman. Helping people to be turned in bed, changing diapers or giving medicine.
Daily schedule: Impressions that they don’t make much, don’t really leave their house. Watching TV, retransmission on retransmission. Reading newspapers (Important) Many live alone. Often sits where you are planted, because of sickness or lack mobility. Some lack of joy in life, others have accepted they are alone and their everyday lives have changed. Social contact: For many citizens the staff are the only ones they see. Creates relations to the staff, needs human contact. Some go to the activity centre, others don’t. If you end up alone, you often need more help. Week schedule: Some citizens have plus time, which is allocated from the municipality e.g. going for a walk. Other goes to the activities at the local centre, but some have longer than others and there for don’t participate.
Extra info: Home care is the step before nursing homes. Some live in their own homes while others live in (ældreboliger). There are some of the citizen, who really should and would have a better life living at a nursing homes, but they don’t feel like going for a variety of reasons. Some people we see every two hours. No family left, gets angry when talking about nursing homes. “I also believe that the name nursing home itself has a super bad / negative tone”. Others are in good health and you feel they need the social stimulation and enjoys the staffs present. Lucky to work a place that are not to stressed and takes time to talk to the citizens, but sometimes you have to say “Now I have to go”. View of the elderly changed a lot after starting this job. They seem lonely and some just want to lye in the beds waiting to die.
Nursing home Name: Plejehjem Rosengården
The Typical day: 8:00-10:00- Morning care
Day shift: 7-15, some only to 13:00 Eveningshift: 15-22 some to 23:00 Number of elderly per. employee: 3-4(5) City: Hornslet
10:00 - Possibility of entertainment in the cafe, exercise with phys (the residents have regular times)
Position: Hjælper, Afløser på 3,5 år. Nursing student. Typical Day for Staff:
7:00 - Professional sparring with the staff from the morning hours, where we review the residents and distribute them among the staff. Citizens are distributed so that each staff member has 1 citizen in the bath. You have about 3-4 citizens each. Going in to the residents and helping them with personal hygiene (upper and lower hygiene), getting into clothes (including compression stockings), giving medicine. Then the resident gets breakfast, either in the communal kitchen or in his own living room. 10:00 - Typically to help the residents up. After that, the staff sits for 15 min getting coffee or breakfast. Next, the staff is distributed on tasks. Some do activities with some of the residents (go for a walk, help put names in their clothes, etc.). The assistants dispense medicine if needed, while a staff covers tables and makes trays (for the citizens who eat at own room) 11:00 -11:15 - The medicine round begins, where a staff wears a yellow reflex vest, the vest must signal that the staff cannot be disturbed. The staff goes round and gives the medicine to be given for dinner. In the ward you have a locked wheelchair that the staff can walk around with, so you can easily give the medicine. In the department there is a kitchen lady who makes hot food for lunch, bakes cake for afternoon coffee and spreads butter sandwiches for dinner. So in the weekdays they get hot food for lunch and cold food for evening. 11:30 - Residents and staff dine together. You sit around 10-15 men around the table at the meal. The staff helps serve food and helps those residents who cannot eat themselves. 13:00 -14:00 - After lunch, some of the residents sleep for dinner. They typically do this over time. 13:00 -13:30/40 - Staff hold lunch break. At 14 o’clock you help the residents from the noon who need help, some also need help with toilet visits. 14:30 - Afternoon coffee and cake are served to the residents, either in their own living room or in the communal kitchen where they gather. When it is around 15, the staff will meet in the office and report to the evening guards.
10:00 -11:30 - Some are for entertainment others, see for example. TV, listening to music, doing activities with staff, sitting and sleeping. 11: 30-12: 30 - Medicine and lunch 12: 30-14:00 - Napping. 14:00 -15:00 - Help with toilet visits, help from dinner naps, afternoon coffee and cake Some elderly people walk up and down the corridors. 15:00 17:00 - Residents watch movies in the common area, stay in their own living rooms, watch TV or whatever else they find on (family visit) 17:00 - 18:30 - Medicine and dinner. Going from the table home to themselves where they either want to sleep or watch television. Others walk up and down the hallways (dementia) 20:00 - 22:00 - Residents who have not gone to bed get evening coffee. The rest of the guard is assisted in bed. Those residents who do not want to go to bed until 22.00 - Evening shift is over and the night guard will help out.
Daily schedule: At Rosengården an activity employee is employed. Her job is to do some activities with the citizens. It’s different what she thinks of. She is typically there in the evenings 15-19 where she holds a film club, does wellness (nail polish, facial treatment), paints, draws and is creative, she also walks with the residents. Week schedule: Entertainment: Wednesday, Thursday in the cafe Church service: once a month Banko-games every Tuesday, Volunteers come and have afternoon coffee every other Sunday.
Extra info: Rosengården is a two storey floor and since the citizens live on the second floor they have no opportunity to move out into the garden which is outside the house. There is a need to join staff often, as many of the citizens are demented and at risk of not being able to find a home. In summer, a balcony is used where the residents sit outside and eat. Compared to favourite rooms, they spend a lot of time in the common area, where they also eat together. There is also a TV and sofa where they can sit and watch a movie.
Nursing home Name: Have experience from internship. Special nursing home dementia centre Aarhus citizens outwardly responsive. SandkĂĽsvej nursing home. Day shift: 8:00 - 16:00 Eveningshift: Can occur. Number of elderly per. employee: ? City: Skejby Position: Occupational therapist / activity oriented. Enable activities for the elderly. Takes care of your body being implemented in everyday life, both body and soul. Becoming more and more prevalent 1-2 people per. facility. Typical Day for Staff: SOSU assistants - gets them up and in clothes. But occupational therapists are helping with the ergonomics. Helps with moving citizens, and bathing e.g. with loss of function. Bathroom in wheelchair. They think they can do nothing and they help to guide them. Shows what they can do themselves. Show them the resources they themselves have. Occupational therapists: believe that other caregivers sometimes take over too much, and that the elderly can do it themselves. Invisible numbers about how many people have memory problems in facilities. Their tasks include taking cognitive tests. - Cognitive testing - health tests that they also follow up on an ongoing basis. - They also help with the moving-in process with follow-up conversations and some psychology. It is important for residents to learn that they have a value, even though in the event of a loss they may not feel they have any.
The Typical day: Morning routine: Get up, eat, bathe. Inside the apartment large bathroom, good staff conditions. Not always enough room for aid furniture or fire safety. More storage space could be needed. Offices are much smaller and there is a lot of some documentation. All services have to be documented. Before dinner: Activities often located here. Teams, coffee in the living room. Animals, birds or dog are very welcome. Workers sometimes bring their animals. TV. Sound and radio are important, so that you don’t feel alone and feel something are happening around you. Gymnastics in the morning where they have energy. Dinner: Eat either alone or together in the living rooms. Most people prefer to eat together. Location of people while eating is important. Afternoon: Many people sleep for an hour or two. A little more quiet activities. Coffee time and music. Evening: Eating dinner after 18:00 is quiet and people are tired. The latest one goes to bed at 8pm. Several nursing homes have communal kitchens and living rooms where many of the residents stay. This provides opportunities to talk together. The TV lounge, the kitchen, is about stimulating the senses (especially dementia), it can be by baking fresh bread or turning on the radio. They can also be activated by music therapists.
Daily schedule: Activities- not everyone participate some have physical restriction.
Extra info: Important to bank properly when entering a personal space, say hi.
Activities - something is happening. The light of day.
Loneliness in nursing homes occur, because there are probably not enough hands. People can be very ill and you are the only one functioning. Someone will be 100 years old, but may not knit anymore, but lose one’s children and close relationships, this can have huge consequences . Can risk some elderly just sitting and hanging while others are very talkative.
Activity analyses physical environment / and man. Space is important chairs are placed in circles. Activities with balls or elastics. Not always enough room, around 15 people the most. Clubs: Memory / games, puzzles, checkers Volunteers come and read or sing, crossword / reading the newspaper. Calendars are important! But no room in the unit. The unit also lack the possibility of making its own mark. Positive experience with orangery, which allows you to have lunch outside without the wind, here you can also get close to plants or plant boxes. Week schedule: Sometimes a day care past by the nursing home. Calendar is important location. Empty calendar? Rarely the case often their calenders are full. Nature: Sometimes you go on trips out of the house. Uses volunteers a lot because hands are missing e.g. too the old city. Trying to make nature part of everyday life with sensory gardens. A picnic would be difficult to get enough of. Trying to make solutions for everyone in terms of resources, but there is not enough. Holidays are Important and keeping up the traditions. Relative cafés or dancing cafés / events with the elderly, network. - one does not feel alone as a relative.
Sex is very Taboo . The desire does not disappear. Anxiety from the staff to touch the subject. Orgies are something you don’t talk about, but it happens. Dementia people who hold hands and have sex, even if they have a wife, which they forgot about. The staff is coming in. Or people shout and scream (for joy). Problem that there is no room for sex. Some situations you have to retire from as staff. Skin hunger especially for the elderly, therefore sensory stimulation is important. The anger can come from lack of stimulation. You die earlier if you stop using your physique or psyche. Uses volunteers a lot as there is a lack of hands. When elderly and children happen something unique. Instinctively takes over and you take responsibility and do something and feel useful. The occupational therapists share rooms with the physical therapists. It will be really exciting in the future, what it will be in the future, different ways of living, e.g. on the food point, but also in relation to the integration of technology, whether it has a positive or negative impact. Ipad also becomes more common in relation to work methods, making it easier to document everyday life. It is documented but it is difficult to find a place for it
Nursing home Name: Primarely håndværkerhavens plejehjem. Whom: Grandmother, grandfather and granny. City: København NV Position: Relative Reason to move to a nursing home: That the citizen was unable to look after himself at home. There were several reasons for this: winter depression, dementia and decay. No one move in on their won initiative. Was convinced to talk about nursing home after fall. They have not been happy with the idea of always lying in the carriages, etc. Mix of not wanting to leave home and the recognition of one is old. General view of the relatives’ experiences in nursing homes: Fine. As always, there may well be a smell in a nursing home due to, for example, food, death or the elderly not being cared for enough or cleaning in the elderly own living room. The smell of death can be smelled with it after reading to nurse, begins to smell a little sweet. Very sweet and caring staff who always try to do what they can to meet the wishes of their relatives or citizens. However, this may well be forgotten or may not be possible for other reasons. Because you put the elderly randomly into the nursing home that has space, it is not certain that the elderly have something in common, and it has a disadvantage that they may not talk and otherwise many are too demented to function normally in a conversation
The Typical day: Morning/lunch: It is very different when the day starts for the elderly and it is often late (maybe 10-11), because the staffing is not so good and they have to help everyone get out of bed and it takes time. So somebody has to be the first and the last. There is breakfast when you get up and at 12:00 noon there is lunch (it also doesn’t matter, if you have just eaten breakfast). Afternoon/dinner: There is dinner at 18:00 I mean afternoon coffee too. How was the transition from house to nursing home? What was difficult / good? Was it related to loss / loneliness / lack of mobility or anything else? Now, I don’t quite know what the relatives really thought when they came to a nursing home because they were all demented when it happened. But in 2/3 cases they did not like it or have difficulty understanding why they should be here instead of in their own home. It can turn out in different ways. One asks “when should I go home” while the other thought she was listening through the walls and that people came in and stole. Much of their reaction did not surprise me, since I have known them all their lives and how they are, and the new condition does not necessarily change their “basic personality”. The last one was in such a bad condition that she did not feel at all that she was a new place, but she was poor and had been around the system before coming to a nursing home.
Week schedule: I know that there is church service every Sunday and a lot of other events. In addition, there is a foot therapist and a hairdresser at the nursing home you can go to.
Other: At the nursing home is a garden and it is limited how much it is used as there is not enough staffing to get out there. But a very beautiful garden that we as relatives have used several times when we visit. I’m not at the nursing home all the time and that means I don’t know how much of the time they spend alone, but the staff has a lot to look after, so if they don’t have to do something for the elderly, they’re not with the elderly. That is to say that only when relatives come by do they interact with someone who does not have a job to do / a purpose. It must certainly be felt that there is never just talk to talk to the elderly, but only for a purpose. The older people don’t talk to each other either. I do not know why but my thought are that they are too demented, they have nothing in common or they are not posted / they are not helped by the staff. One gives up hope / desire. You get to sit with a couple of people you can’t get together. If you are healthy you can become negative about the old gnomes.
Nursing home Name: Dementia institution Number of elderly per. employee: 3-4(5) City: Aarhus Position: Substitution worker 6 month. We were maybe 8 at work + a cleaning lady and administration
The Typical day: It should have in mind that those, people who are in nursing homes are not just old, but often unable to take care of themselves because of illness. The dementia thrive in an extremely structured everyday life. E.g. They got the same thing every day for breakfast
At night, there was only 1 employee. The day was divided into three guards.
Many were in their apartments most of the day.
But at night you can call on driving nurses covering the whole of Aarhus.
They were only gathered for lunch and dinner.
Typical Day for Staff: I was involved in most things besides special types of medicine. I helped the elderly up in the morning, in the bath, gave them medicine and what else. After all, it has generally quite structured and even days. Both for staff and residents. I was a place with only 30 residents. So I quickly got to know everyone I was happy to work there, but it was busy then. I don’t really remember my schedule. But I could probably have five out of bed, wash and give breakfast 2.5 hours
Week schedule: Generally, there were not that many activities. Those who began to lose language went to language repetition 1 hour a week. Otherwise, some who went to “sports” might also just be one or two hours a week. Otherwise, there were no regular activities. They only got a bath once a week. But the floor was washed every day
Extra info: May be other important information about the elderly e.g. favourite rooms or time of day if you use nature in a special way or another. But the old people did not talk as much together as many are demented. Therefore, it is difficult to keep a conversation going. They ate together in two “living rooms / kitchens” Each had their own apartment consisting of a living room with kitchenette, bedroom and a large bathroom. Everything must be wheelchair friendly. They all had their own furniture except the bed which was the nursing home. Not all of them had relatives, those who have no children are often more vulnerable There were also a few who had been alcoholics or mentally ill. It was maybe 5 out of 30. I think it helped a lot that it was a small place. Then you quickly get to know the structures of the citizens The kitchen closed while I was there. They were sad because it didn’t smell like much food anymore
Analysis of Elder care With others
Alone
One-one time
Analysis of the day Kids
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Nursing home
With others
Alone
One-one time
Analysis of the day Kids
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Morning
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Home care
With others
Alone
One-one time
Analysis of the day Kids
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Nursing home - Dementia
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With others
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Analysis of the day Kids
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With others
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71 One-one time
Analysis of the day Kids
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Nursing home - mixed with dementia
With others
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Analysis of the day Kids
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Nursing home - Dementia
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07 Morning
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With others
Most time spend with others
Only nap time is spend Alone
alone for the youngest
Rarely the children have oneone time with an adult. But sometimes spend time in smaller groups.
One-one time
Analysis of the day Kids
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03 Night
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Child care Some of the main differenced are that in the nature kindergarten children are allowed to spend time alone also have the possibility to do so. Their philosophy is very much build on trust. This also limits them, because they can not take in kids they can’t trust or whom maybe have other issues. They try to incorporate diversity into their “family” both in the organization, but also in the kids in the facility.
Investigations By analysing both children and elder facilities it becomes clear that both have a lack on some of the areas, either they don’t have time alone/one-to-one or they only have time alone. Their time are often scheduled either by the meals, but also by the activities. Both of them have activities “before dinner”, and have a quite afternoon. In the nature kindergarten they have a quite time after lunch. Where in other institutions all kids are in the playground, because of lack in personnel.
13 Dinner
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Many of the others institutions follow many of the same routines and schedules, often limited to the amount of personnel and similar approach to handle the hard situations with limited resources. The nature kindergarten mentions that for some lack of funds they incorporate the parents, which helps them create a community. Because they are places close to nature they also teach children about sustainability and lack of resources.
Some elder institutions use volunteers a lot to do activities out of the ordinary, because they also lack personnel.
Findings
Most time spend with others are in demen-
With others
tia institutions with common areas
Most of the day spend Alone
alone
Some elders only interactions
One-one time
are with the staff
Analysis of the day Kids
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Elder care In Elder care it becomes clear from the investigations that elders whom need help, but still lives in their homes are quite lonely and spend a lot of time alone. Some of the only encounters are with the helpers who come to help, and sadly the time is not always for having a long conversation. Some of the elders are in a state where the staff evaluates it would be better for them to move to a nursing home, because of the help they need, but the citizens prefers to stay at their homes.
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In a nursing home/retirement home it’s clear that you don’t chose who your neigh-boor will be and you can end up being the only one by good health. Often nursing home is the last stop and are seldom something they chose them selves, but chosen by relatives. The investigations also shows many of the time passed with others are around meals. In institution for dementia the citizens spend more time in the common area.
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Children
Investigations of a nature kindergarten 75
facility
Entrance Muldvarpen Muldvarpen is a private owned kindergarten, whom I earlier interviewed. The kindergarten have two interior spaces, a large one and a small one, and a outside tent. The Kindergarten spend the most time outside as possible . Due to Corona-times it wasn’t possible to visit the kindergarten with the kids in it. They prepare bonfire-food once a week.
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Devise to chop wood
Small workshop for children
Sand - important
Outdoor Hay-room
Muldvarpen
Outside They have various facilities outside for the children. They can help chop wood, have a small workshop space, with nails hammers and saws. A very popular space is the den, which is filled with hay. In here the children take of their coats and shoes and almost pretend they are inside. They can play around in the hay. A lot of sand is important at this site because it can become very muddy. They also have animals, a goat and a hen.
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Outside They are located in the forest and therefore its important that to be self-sufficient. In the summer they have solar power to heat, in the winter they have to use electricity. They have compost toilets and gets water delivered for a week at the time . The kids learn that water is a resource and not for play! If it rains the water gets really happy, because now they can play in the rain. They also have outdoor areas where you can pie, the trees are marked with a white or blue ribbon.
No fencing This kindergarten is not fenced in. They use marking on trees and use time to explain kids they can’t go further than this. In the interview they make clear that their surroundings are safe and they don’t have life-treating dangers nearby
Visual connection The kids are allowed to go as far as they can see the wagon. The elder kids help the smaller once.
Swings
Goat and chicken
Transportable All the swings and outside play are transportable, and gets moved for their summer location. The kindergarten have two locations, this is for the kids the experience new things. The kids often go on trips. Its important the winter site is close to public transport.
Inside spaces
Dangers fenced in
Space only for kids
81 Small wagon In the small wagon they have space for the little once to take a nap. In here there is a radiator. The kids have their own sleeping bag, this they can also use if they go in trips. They have a room for conversations and meetings with the children or their parents. Big wagon In the big wagon they have space for various activities. A common table they can gather around. They have a wood-burning stove which is fenced in, the first kids that arrived in the morning help put the fire on. The kids also have a loft, which is only theirs and they can play what ever they like. If the kids need to they can come inside a play one-to-one.
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PDF I research mappe
13. Trivsel og vækst by Mentor instituttet. Internetadress: http://www.sygeboern.dk/trivsel-vaekst/ drenge-0-5-aar - visited the 12.04.2020 (internet) 14. Ensomhed. Published by Ældre sagen . Internetadress: https://www.aeldresagen.dk/presse/
maerkesager/ensomhed - visited the 03.02.2020 (Internet) 15. Giv de gamle hverdagslivet tilbage. Published by Dansk sygeplejeråd. Internetadress: https:// dsr.dk/sygeplejersken/arkiv/sy-nr-2013-13/giv-de-gamle-hverdagslivet-tilbage - visited the 03.02.2020 (Internet) 16. De kommende ældres velfærd Forventninger, holdninger og planlægning Published by DANSK ERHVERVS PERSPEKTIV: https://www.danskerhverv.dk/siteassets/mediafolder/downloads/perspektiver-fra-2018/14-de-kommende-aldres-velfard---forventninger-holdninger-og-planlagning.pdf. - visited the 03.02.2020 (PDF) 17. Børn kan ikke knytte sig til pædagoger, der ikke er der. Det har konsekvenser for livet. Published by Informationen. Internetadresse: https://www.information.dk/debat/2019/03/boern-kan-knytte-paedagoger-konsekvenser-livet - visited d. 03.02.2020 (Internet) 18. Hvem passer vores børn?. 44 min., DR2, visited d. 04.02.2020. (TV) 19. Tal og fakta om børn og pædagoger. Published by BULP. Internetadress: https://bupl.dk/ presse/talogfakta/ - visited the 11.02.2020 (Internet) 20. Tryghed i børnehøjde, tryg tilknytning i dagstilbud Published by https://bornsvilkar.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/BV_Tryghed_Rapport_Web.pdf. - visited the 11.02.2020 (PDF) 21. 10 Reasons It’s Important for Kids to Spend Time With Grandparents. Published by Lovetoknow. Internetadress: https://family.lovetoknow.com/about-family-values/10-reasons-it-is-greatkids-spend-time-grandparents - visited the 11.02.2020 (Internet) 22. Rollinger på plejehjem, 3 parts. Total time: 128 min., DR1, visited the 02.02.2020. (TV) 23. Børnechok på plejehjem, 2 parts. Total time: 57 min., TV2, visited the . 11.02.2020. (TV) 24. Forskning: Naturen opleves lindrende for syge og ensomme. Published by DR1. Internetadresse: https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/regionale/fyn/forskning-naturen-opleves-lindrende-syge-og-ensomme - visited the 05.02.2020 (Internet) 25.This is your brain on nature. Author FLORENCE WILLIAMS by national geographic. Internetadress: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/01/call-to-wild/- visited the 12.04.2020 (Internet) 26. Er danske forældre storforbrugere af daginstitutioner?. Published by MM. Internetadress: https://www.mm.dk/tjekdet/artikel/flest-boern-daginstitutioner - visited the . 10.02.2020 (Internet) 27. kenneth senior udvalg, Grauerslundprojektet (phone) 28
Welfare encounters (book)
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Encounter. Internetadress: http://denstoredanske.dk/Krop,_psyke_og_sundhed/Psykologi/
Psykodynamik,_terapiformer_og_begreber/encounter- visited the 19.02.2020 (Internet) 30 I Danmark er jeg født, episode 3. Total time: 43 min., DR1, aired the 18.03 2019. (TV) 18. mar 2019. 31
I Danmark er jeg født, episode 4. Total time: 43 min., DR1, aired the 23.03 2019. (TV)
32 Indefra med Anders Agger, Plejehjemmet i Dagmarsmide. S. 7 ep. 2. Total time 43 min. DR2, aired the 14.10. 2019 33 Indefra med Anders Agger, Alderdom. S. 6 ep. 4. Total time 44 min. DR2, aired the 08.10. 2018. 34 Indefra med Anders Agger, I lære som enke. S. 1 ep. 7. Total time 38 min. DR2, aired the 05.06. 2013. 35
Senior Co-housing: Growing old together.31.01. 2018 (YOUTUBE)
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Co-housing for London’s ageing population - BBC London from.18. 10. 2018 (YOUTUBE)
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Golden Oldies (Elderly Poverty Documentary) | Real Stories 08. 02. 2017 (YOUTUBE)
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Growing old means many changes - 13. 12. 2017 (YOUTUBE)
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Dementia: A month in the life 08. 04. 2015 (YOUTUBE)