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foreword foreword

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What is fear?

What is fear?

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HowHow does does fear fear come? come?

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Innate & acquired Innate & acquired GoodGood or bad or bad

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Phobias Phobias

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Imagination Imagination

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Bibliography Bibliography

01.

“

We are the healthiest, wealthi-

est, and longest-lived people in history.

And we are increasingly afraid. This is one

”

of the great paradoxes of our time.

― Daniel Gardner. (2008) The Science of Fear: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't--and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger

Human beings are creatures with complicated cogitation. We have abundant distinct emotional reactions, even under a reaction, we conceal more affections without awareness. You may have thought about what makes you feel happy or sad, but have you thought about why you are afraid? What is fear? How was it caused?

However, everyone living in this generation has been forced to raise more different fear factors. We possess the convenience of life brought by high technology, while the latent fear is eroding us bit by bit.

In this book, you can attempt to explore self-fear if you are curious about what it is. Let us regress toward fear itself. What is the essence of fear?

You can think of this book as a self-examination pre-departure manual for the next itinerary.

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Fear refers to the state of panic andand Fear refers to the state of panic urgency caused by people facing realreal or or urgency caused by people facing imaginary danger andand things they hate. imaginary danger things they hate.

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TheThe response caused by fear cancan be divided intointo response caused by fear be divided physical andand psychological aspects. physical psychological aspects.

Generally, the the psychological aspect would produce Generally, psychological aspect would produce scared emotions firstly, such as nervousness, anxiety. scared emotions firstly, such as nervousness, anxiety.

Afterwards, the the physiological aspect generates differAfterwards, physiological aspect generates different ent responses hinge on the degree of fear: responses hinge on the degree of fear: Trembling Trembling Scream Scream A large amount of adrenaline is released A large amount of adrenaline is released TheThe heart beats faster heart beats faster TheThe blood pressure risesrises blood pressure TheThe breathing deepens faster breathing deepens faster TheThe muscle supply increases for escape or resistance muscle supply increases for escape or resistance TheThe pupil expands to receive more light pupil expands to receive more light TheThe brain releases Dopamine substances are are highly brain releases Dopamine substances highly concentrated in order to quickly judge the the situation. concentrated in order to quickly judge situation.

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There are a lot of peculiar emotional response from human, which thanks to the human race was given a brain can able to process numerous intricate transactions. However, do you know where is the principal part of the brain to dominate fear?

The answer is amygdala which is the subcortical center of the *limbic system. When individual animals encounter a noxious stimulation, speciďŹ c areas of the brain's amygdala would learn to fear, creating a memory of fear.

Therefore, the amygdala, which has the memory of learning fear and releasing fear, plays an extremely signiďŹ cant role when people in crisis. For example, people can able to remember the weaponry of the robbery when they are robbed. Conversely, people who damaged the amygdala will not remember these details.

* The Limbic System contains Hippocampus and Amygdala. It supports a variety of functions such as mood, behavior and long-term memory of the brain structure.

FearFear is sortis of theofevolutionary history of of sort the evolutionary history human beings.

Generally speaking, people human beings.

Generally speaking, people have have fears fears aboutabout specific environments or or specific environments things, such such as darkness, high high places, waterwater things, as darkness, places, central, fire, etc., emerge natural fear fear central, fire, which etc., which emerge natural reactions.

It gives theto feeling of a scare to to reactions.

It rise givestorise the feeling of a scare be injured whenwhen people confront the unfamilbe injured people confront the unfamiliar oriar perilous circumstances.

TheseThese fears stem or perilous circumstances. fears stem from the which humans live inlive thein wild fromstate the in state in which humans the wild in the society and the in primitive the primitive society and instinctive the instinctive response of human beingsbeings to nature. response of human to nature.

04.

04. " "

constant light light conditions, changes According to a study conducted jointlyjointly

by MPI Under constant conditions, changes According to a study conducted

by MPI Under in pupil s�e are messages aboutabout in pupil s�eimportant are important messages CBS and at Uppsala University in CBS researchers and researchers at Uppsala University inthe activity of the noradrenergic system in the activity of the noradrenergic system in �is is theisresponse that occurs Sweden, in order to determine whether fear fearthe brain. the brain. �is the response that occurs Sweden, in order to determine whether " when when facedfaced with stress. " with stress. comes from nature, the research team decided to comes from nature, the research team decided to

further set the objective as a baby in further setresearch the research objective as a baby in From From the experimental point point of view, even the the experimental of view, even the termsterms of age. babiesbabies are not of 6-month-old age. 6-month-old areyet not yet youngest babiesbabies will feel on these youngest will pressure feel pressure on these capable of acting alonealone and hardly to recognizing capable of acting and hardly to recognizinganimals.

Therefore, the researchers concluded animals.

Therefore, the researchers concluded that these animals are dangerous. that these animals are dangerous. that people's fear offear snakes and spiders is a "gift" that people's of snakes and spiders is a "gift"

brought aboutabout by evolution.

The brain mechabrought by evolution.

The brain mechaDuring the process, the researchers showed the the During the process, the researchers showed nism nism allowsallows us to us acquaint promptly dangerous to acquaint promptly dangerous presence of a stress response whenwhen they revealed presence of a stress response they revealedobjects and elevate the vigilance. objects and elevate the vigilance. the baby picture of a snake or spider. the ababy a picture of a snake or spider.

However, whenwhen they displayed pictures of flowers However, they displayed pictures of flowers On the hand,hand, in addition to thetoabove Onother the other in addition the above and fish theofidentical size and to theto the andoffish the identical sizecolour and colour cases,cases, there there are many fears fears are learned from from are many are learned baby, baby, the baby's pupilspupils turn turn into significantly the baby's into significantly acquired.

In general, a personal phobia as a result acquired.

In general, a personal phobia as a result largerlarger whenwhen the latter two appear. the latter two appear.

of individual experiment or social criterions. of individual experiment or social criterions.

If humans can no feel the will be If humans canlonger no longer feelfear the fear willbetter? be better? to being a human protection mechaBeingBeing fearless doesn't meanmean eradicating fear. Being In addition to being a human protection mechafearless doesn't eradicating fear. Being In addition fear is also with with a capability for for fearless means knowing how to exploit fear in life. fear is provided also provided a capability fearless means knowing how to exploit fear in life. nism,nism, potential.

MostMost people incline to consider fear as a weakness. excitation potential. people incline to consider fear as a weakness. excitation differently to real threats.

In fact, fear protects humans from from danger and and We react We react differently to and real imagined and imagined threats.

In fact, fear protects humans danger Fear Fear of allofthe that that may may or may not not deeply affects behavioral responses. all bad the things bad things or may deeply affects behavioral responses. in theinfuture will make you worry a lot, abut Fear Fear is part the part of learning, pain pain happen happen the future will make you worry lot, but is of part ofinstinct, the instinct, part of learning, take action.

You are a state of fear, instinctively causes fear, fear, because it hasitan take action.

Youinare in a state of you fear,are you are instinctively causes because hasimpact an impact rarelyrarely but you knowknow what what to do.toConon survival.

OtherOther fears fears are learned: we learn to fear overwhelmed, butdon't you don't do. Conon survival. are learned: we learn to fear overwhelmed, real threats can stimulate oneself.

WhenWhen certain people, placesplaces or situations because of of versely, versely, real threats can stimulate oneself. certain people, or situations because the threat is imminent and distinguishable, you you negative associations and past the threat is imminent and distinguishable, negative associations and experiences. past experiences. immediately without indecision.

This is Whether it is learning or innate, thesethese fears fears help help take action take action immediately without indecision.

This is Whether it is learning or innate, are more likelylikely to change their their dietary humans to effectively identify multiplex dangers why people are more to change dietary humans to effectively identify multiplex dangers why people habitshabits after after a serious health scarescare (such(such as a heart and stay a serious health as a heart andaway. stay away. ratherrather than than just reading statistics aboutabout the the In one children were were tracked for many years.years. attack), attack), just reading statistics Instudy, one study, children tracked for many effects of a fried food-based diet. diet.

TheyThey foundfound that children who were afraidafraid of high harmful effects of a fried food-based that children who were of in high in harmful lot of influence in ourindaily life. Iflife. oneIfisone is childhood would not fall heights.

TheyThey are are Fear has Fearahas a lot of influence our daily childhood would notfrom fall from heights. to go to deeper, then you of of instinctively afraidafraid of heights, whichwhich is a kind of of willing willing go deeper, thenwill youfind willthat findmany that many instinctively of heights, is a kind choices, emotions, and and behavior patterns protection for them.

Children who have not fallen choices, emotions, behavior patterns protection for them.

Children who have not fallen your your largely on your own fears.

We feel are not of heights?

The answer is obviously: depend largely on your own fears.

Wesorrowfeel sorrowareafraid not afraid of heights?

The answer is obviously: depend our loved ones ones pass pass away away inasmuch as as no! On they they have have always been been afraidafraid ful when ful when our loved inasmuch no!the Oncontrary, the contrary, always afraidafraid of losing, afraidafraid of losing pain probably. of high, so they not fallen. of losing, of losing pain probably. of high, so have they have not fallen.

Acrophob Acrophobia

Ablutophobia Acarophobia Acerophobia Achluophobia Acousticophobia Ablutophobia Acarophobia Acerophobia Achluophobia Acousticophobia

Agraphobia Agrizoophobia Agyrophobia Aibohphobia Aichmophobia A raphobiaAgraphobia raphobia Agrizoophobia Agyrophobia Aibohphobia Aichmophobia Ailu

Amaxophobia Ambulophobia Anemophobia Amerophobia Amnesiphobia Amychophobia Anabl Amaxophobia Ambulophobia Anemophobia Amerophobia Amnesiphobia Amychophobia Anableph

throphobiaAnthropophobia Anthropophobia Antidaeophobia Antlophobia Anuptaphobia Apeirophobia throphobia Antidaeophobia Antlophobia Anuptaphobia Apeirophobia Ap

Astraphobia Astrophobia Asymmetr Astraphobia Astrophobia Asymmetrip

Arithmophobia Arsonphobia Asthenophobia Arithmophobia Arsonphobia Asthenophobia

AtychiphobiaAulophobia Aulophobia Aurophobia Auroraphobia Australophobia Autodysomophobia Atychiphobia Aurophobia Auroraphobia Australophobia Autodysomophobia Au

teriophobia Ballistophobia Barleyphobia Bananaphobia Bolshephobia Barophobia Bas teriophobia Ballistophobia Barleyphobia Bananaphobia Bolshephobia Barophobia Basop

Blennophobia Bogyphobia Botanophobia Briophobi Bromidrosiphobia Brontophobia Bufo Blennophobia Bogyphobia Botanophobia Briophobi Bromidrosiphobia Brontophobia Bufono

Carnophobia Catagelophobia Catapedaphobia Cathisophobia Catoptrophobia CenophobiC Carnophobia Catagelophobia Catapedaphobia Cathisophobia Catoptrophobia Cenophobia

phobia ChirophobiaChlorophobia Chlorophobia Cholerophobia Chorophobia Christophobia Chrometo phobia Chirophobia Cholerophobia Chorophobia Christophobia Chrometoph

phobia Cleisiophobia Cleptophobia Clithrophobia Cnidophobia Coimetrophobia Coito phobia Cleisiophobia Cleptophobia Clithrophobia Cnidophobia Coimetrophobia Coitoph

CynophobiaCyberphobia Cyberphobia Cyclophobia Cymo Cynophobia Cyclophobia Cymoph

phobia Cryophobia Crystallophobia phobia Cryophobia Crystallophobia

Defecaloesiophobia Deipnophobia Demonophobia Daemonophobia DemophobiaDendrophobia Dendrophob Defecaloesiophobia Deipnophobia Demonophobia Daemonophobia Demophobia

Didaskaleinophobia Dikephobia Dinophobia Diplophobia Dipsophobia Dishabilio biabia Didaskaleinophobia Dikephobia Dinophobia Diplophobia Dipsophobia Dishabilioph

Ecclesiophobia Ecophobia Editophobia Eisoptrophobia Electrophobia EleutherophobiE Ecclesiophobia Ecophobia Editophobia Eisoptrophobia Electrophobia Eleutherophobia

Epistaxiophobia Epistemophobia Epistolophobia Equinophobia Ereuthrophobia Er biabia Epistaxiophobia Epistemophobia Epistolophobia Equinophobia Ereuthrophobia Eryt

Euphobia Eurotophobia Europhobia Fearaphobia Fearophobia FebriphobiaFibriphob Fibrip biabia Euphobia Eurotophobia Europhobia Fearaphobia Fearophobia Febriphobia

phobiaGeniophobia Geniophobia Genuphobia Gephyrophobia Gephydrophobia GephyrdrophobiaGephys Gep phobia Genuphobia Gephyrophobia Gephydrophobia Gephyrdrophobia

H O O PP H

phobia Globophobia Graphophobia Gymnophobia Gynephobia Gynophobia Hadephobia Haem phobia Globophobia Graphophobia Gymnophobia Gynephobia Gynophobia Hadephobia Haemop

Heliophobia Hellenologophobia Helminthophobia Hemophobia Hemaphobia Hematophobi Heliophobia Hellenologophobia Helminthophobia Hemophobia Hemaphobia Hematophobia

Hierophobia Hippophobia Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia Hobophobia Hodophob Hierophobia Hippophobia Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia Hobophobia Hodophobia

drophobia Hydrophobophobia Hyelophobia Hyalophobia Hygrophobia Hylephobia Hylop drophobia Hydrophobophobia Hyelophobia Hyalophobia Hygrophobia Hylephobia Hylopho

Iconophobia Ideophobia Illyngophobia Insulaphobia Islamophobia Islandophobia Iso Iconophobia Ideophobia Illyngophobia Insulaphobia Islamophobia Islandophobia Isopt Keraunophobia Kinetophobia Kinesophobia Klismaphobia Kneemaphobia Koinoniphobia Keraunophobia Kinetophobia Kinesophobia Klismaphobia Kneemaphobia Koinoniphobia Ko

Leprophobia Lepraphobia Leukophobia Levophobia Librophobia Ligyrophobia Lilapsop Leprophobia Lepraphobia Leukophobia Levophobia Librophobia Ligyrophobia Lilapsopho

hobia Lyssophobia Macroxenoglossophobia Macrophobia Mageirocophobia Malaxophobia hobia Lyssophobia Macroxenoglossophobia Macrophobia Mageirocophobia Malaxophobia Ma

Melanophobia Melophobia Meningitophobia Menophobia Merinthophobia Metallophobia Melanophobia Melophobia Meningitophobia Menophobia Merinthophobia Metallophobia Met

Mycrophobia Misophobia Molysmophobia Molysomophobia Mysophobia Mnemophobia biabia Mycrophobia Misophobia Molysmophobia Molysomophobia Mysophobia Mnemophobia MonM

Mysophobia Mythophobia Necrophobia Neopharmaphob Mysophobia Mythophobia Necrophobia Neopharmaphobia

Mycophobia Myrmecophobia Mycophobia Myrmecophobia

Nosemaphobia Nostophobia Novercaphobia Nucleomituphobia Numerophobia Nyctohy biabia Nosemaphobia Nostophobia Novercaphobia Nucleomituphobia Numerophobia Nyctohylo

Oenophobia Olfactophobia Osmophobia, Osphresiophobia Ombrophobia Ommetaphobia Om Oenophobia Olfactophobia Osmophobia, Osphresiophobia Ombrophobia Ommetaphobia Ommat

mophobia Opiophobia Optophobia Ornithophobia Orthophobia Ostraconophobia Ouranoph mophobia Opiophobia Optophobia Ornithophobia Orthophobia Ostraconophobia Ouranophob

phobia Paraphobia Parasitophobia Paraskavedekatriaphobia Parthenophobia Pathopho phobia Paraphobia Parasitophobia Paraskavedekatriaphobia Parthenophobia Pathophobia

ladophobia Pellagrophobia Peniaphobia Pentheraphobia Phagophobia Phalacrophobia ladophobia Pellagrophobia Peniaphobia Pentheraphobia Phagophobia Phalacrophobia Ph

Philophobia Philosophobia Phobophobia Photoaugliaphobia Photophobia Phonophobia Philophobia Philosophobia Phobophobia Photoaugliaphobia Photophobia Phonophobia Phr

gerophobia Pnumonomicroscopicsilicovolcanocoviosophobia Pogonophobia Pognophobia gerophobia Pnumonomicroscopicsilicovolcanocoviosophobia Pogonophobia Pognophobia Po

macophobia Proctophobia Prosophobia Psellismophobia Psychophobia Pteronophobia macophobia Proctophobia Prosophobia Psellismophobia Psychophobia Pteronophobia PupP

Rhabdophobia Rhinophobia Rhodophobia Rhypophobia Rhytiphobia Rupophobia Russ biabia Rhabdophobia Rhinophobia Rhodophobia Rhypophobia Rhytiphobia Rupophobia Russop

Scoleciphobia Scopophobia Scoptophobia Scotomaphobia Scriptophobia Sedatephobia Scoleciphobia Scopophobia Scoptophobia Scotomaphobia Scriptophobia Sedatephobia SelS

SocialPhobia PhobiaSocioph Socio Social

Siderophobia Sinistrophobia Sinophobia Soceraphobia Siderophobia Sinistrophobia Sinophobia Soceraphobia

Spermophobia Spheksophobia Staurophobia Stenophobia Suriphobia Symbolophobia Symm Spermophobia Spheksophobia Staurophobia Stenophobia Suriphobia Symbolophobia Symmet

hobia Taphophobia Tapinophobia Taurophobia Technophobia Teleophobia Telephonoph hobia Taphophobia Tapinophobia Taurophobia Technophobia Teleophobia Telephonophob

Thanatophobia Thantophobia Theatrophobia TheologicophobiaTheophobia Theophobia Thermophob Thanatophobia Thantophobia Theatrophobia Theologicophobia Thermophobia

Try Tryp

Traumatophobia Tremophobia TrichinophobiaTriskaidekaphobia TriskaidekaphobiaTropophobia Tropophobia Traumatophobia Tremophobia Trichinophobia

Verbophobia Vestiphobia Virginitiphobia VitricophobiaWalloonphobia Walloonphobia Wiccaphobia Verbophobia Vestiphobia Virginitiphobia Vitricophobia Wiccaphobia X

a Aerophobia Aeroacrophobia Aeronausiphobia Agateophobia Agliophobia AgoAerophobia Aeroacrophobia Aeronausiphobia Agateophobia Agliophobia Ago-

urophobia Albuminurophobia Alektorophobia Alliumphobia Allodoxaphobia Amathophobia ophobia Albuminurophobia Alektorophobia Alliumphobia Allodoxaphobia Amathophobia

hobia Ancraophobia Androphobia Anginophobia Anglophobia Angrophobia Ankylophobia bia Ancraophobia Androphobia Anginophobia Anglophobia Angrophobia Ankylophobia An-An-

Arachnophobia Arachnophobia

phenphosmphobia Apiphobia Apotemnophobia Arachibutyrophobia enphosmphobia Apiphobia Apotemnophobia Arachibutyrophobia

phobia Ataxiophobia Ataxophobia Atelophobia Atephobia Athazagoraphobia Atomosophobia bia Ataxiophobia Ataxophobia Atelophobia Atephobia Athazagoraphobia Atomosophobia

utomatonophobia Automysophobia Autophobia Aviophobia Aviatophobia Bacillophobia Bacmatonophobia Automysophobia Autophobia Aviophobia Aviatophobia Bacillophobia Bac-

phobia Bathmophobia Bathophobia Batophobia Batrachophobia Bibliophobia Bitchophobia bia Bathmophobia Bathophobia Batophobia Batrachophobia Bibliophobia Bitchophobia

ophobia Cacophobia Cainophobia Caligynephobia Cancerophobia Carbophobia Cardiophobia obia Cacophobia Cainophobia Caligynephobia Cancerophobia Carbophobia Cardiophobia

Chaetophobia Cheimaphobia Cheimatophobia Chemophobia Cherophobia Chinophobia Chionoetophobia Cheimaphobia Cheimatophobia Chemophobia Cherophobia Chinophobia Chiono-

obiaChromophobia Chromophobia Chronomentrophobia Chronophobia Chrysophobia Cibophobia Cleithroia Chronomentrophobia Chronophobia Chrysophobia Cibophobia Cleithro-

hobia CometophobiaCoprastasophobia Coprastasophobia Coprophobia Coulrophobia Counterphobia Cremnoia Cometophobia Coprophobia Coulrophobia Counterphobia Cremno-

hobia Cynophobia Cypridophobia Claustrophobia Climacophobia Clinophobia Decidophobia ia Cynophobia Cypridophobia Claustrophobia Climacophobia Clinophobia Decidophobia

aentophobia Dentophobia Dermatophobia Dermatosiophobia, Dermatophobia Dextrophobia DiabetophoDermatophobia Dermatosiophobia, Dermatophobia Dextrophobia Diabetopho-

obia Domatophobia Doraphobia Doxophobia Dutchphobia Dysmorphophobia Dystychiphobia ia Domatophobia Doraphobia Doxophobia Dutchphobia Dysmorphophobia Dystychiphobia

Emetophobia Enetophobia Enosiophobia Enissophobia Entomophobia Eosophobia Ephebiphotophobia Enetophobia Enosiophobia Enissophobia Entomophobia Eosophobia Ephebipho-

hrophobia Erytophobia Ergasiophobia Ergophobia Ermitophobia Erotophobia Erythrophoophobia Erytophobia Ergasiophobia Ergophobia Ermitophobia Erotophobia Erythropho-

Fibriophobia Ferrumphobia Francophobia Frigophobia Gamophobia Gatophobia Gelioabia Fibriophobia Ferrumphobia Francophobia Frigophobia Gamophobia Gatophobia Gelio-

srophobia Germanophobia Gerascophobia Gerontophobia Geumaphobia Geumophobia Glossoophobia Germanophobia Gerascophobia Gerontophobia Geumaphobia Geumophobia Glosso-

A BB II A

phobia Hagiophobia Hamartophobia Haptophobia Harpaxophobia Hedonophobia Hegelophobia bia Hagiophobia Hamartophobia Haptophobia Harpaxophobia Hedonophobia Hegelophobia

Heresyphobia Hereiophobia Herpetophobia Heterophobia Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia resyphobia Hereiophobia Herpetophobia Heterophobia Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia

aormephobia Hormephobia Homichlophobia Homilophobia Homophobia Hoplophobia Hydrargyophobia Homichlophobia Homilophobia Homophobia Hoplophobia Hydrargyophobia Hy-Hy-

Hypegiaphobia Hypengyophobia Hypnophobia Hypsiphobia Iatrophobia Ichthyophobia abia Hypegiaphobia Hypengyophobia Hypnophobia Hypsiphobia Iatrophobia Ichthyophobia

terophobia Ithyphallophobia Japanophobia Judeophobia Katikomindicaphobia Kenophobia ophobia Ithyphallophobia Japanophobia Judeophobia Katikomindicaphobia Kenophobia

lpophobia Kopophobia Kosmikophobia Kyphophobia Lachanophobia Laliophobia Lalophobia ophobia Kopophobia Kosmikophobia Kyphophobia Lachanophobia Laliophobia Lalophobia

Limnophobia Linonophobia Liticaphobia Lockiophobia Logophobia Luiphobia Lutrapabia Limnophobia Linonophobia Liticaphobia Lockiophobia Logophobia Luiphobia Lutrap-

aniaphobia Mastigophobia Mechanophobia Medomalacuphobia Medorthophobia Megalophobia iaphobia Mastigophobia Mechanophobia Medomalacuphobia Medorthophobia Megalophobia

tathesiophobia Meteorophobia Methyphobia Metrophobia Mikatikoindicaphobia Microphothesiophobia Meteorophobia Methyphobia Metrophobia Mikatikoindicaphobia Micropho-

nophobia Monopathophobia Motorphobia Mottephobia Musicophobia Musophobia Murophobia hobia Monopathophobia Motorphobia Mottephobia Musicophobia Musophobia Murophobia

Neophobia Nephophobia Nihilophobia Noctiphobia Nomatophobia Nosocomephobia Nosophoeophobia Nephophobia Nihilophobia Noctiphobia Nomatophobia Nosocomephobia Nosopho-

phobia Nyctophobia NhsdirectophobiaObesophobia Obesophobia Ochophobia Octophobia Odontophobia obia Nyctophobia Nhsdirectophobia Ochophobia Octophobia Odontophobia

OphidiophobiaOphthalOphthalOphidiophobia

tophobia Oneirophobia Oneirogmophobia Onomatophobia phobia Oneirophobia Oneirogmophobia Onomatophobia

bia Pagophobia Panthophobia PanophobiaPantophobia Pantophobia Papaphobia Papyrophobia ParalipoPagophobia Panthophobia Panophobia Papaphobia Papyrophobia Paralipo-

a Patroiophobia Pediculophobia PhthiriophobiaPediophobia Pediophobia Pediphobia Pedophobia Patroiophobia Pediculophobia Phthiriophobia Pediphobia Pedophobia Pe-Pe-

hallophobia Pharmacophobia PhasmophobiaPhengophobia Phengophobia Philemaphobia Philematophobia lophobia Pharmacophobia Phasmophobia Philemaphobia Philematophobia

ronemophobia Phthisiophobia PlacophobiaPlutophobia Plutophobia Pneumatiphobia Pnigophobia Pninemophobia Phthisiophobia Placophobia Pneumatiphobia Pnigophobia Pni-

oliosophobiaPoliticophobia Politicophobia Polyphobia Ponophobia Porphyrophobia Potamophobia Phariosophobia Polyphobia Ponophobia Porphyrophobia Potamophobia Phar-

aphobia Pyrophobia Quadraphobia Quadrataphobia Radiophobia Ranidaphobia Retterophohobia Pyrophobia Quadraphobia Quadrataphobia Radiophobia Ranidaphobia Retteropho-

phobia Samhainophobia Satanophobia Scabiophobia Scelerophibia Sciophobia Sciaphobia bia Samhainophobia Satanophobia Scabiophobia Scelerophibia Sciophobia Sciaphobia

lachophobia Selaphobia Selenophobia Seplophobia Sesquipedalophobia Siderodromophobia hophobia Selaphobia Selenophobia Seplophobia Sesquipedalophobia Siderodromophobia

hobia Somniphobia Sophophobia Soteriophobia Spacephobia Spectrophobia Spermatophobia ia Somniphobia Sophophobia Soteriophobia Spacephobia Spectrophobia Spermatophobia

trophobia Syngenesophobia Syphiliphobia Tachophobia Taeniophobia Teniophobia Taphepphobia Syngenesophobia Syphiliphobia Tachophobia Taeniophobia Teniophobia Taphep-

bia Teratophobia Teratrophobia Testophobia Tetanophobia Textophobia Thalassophobia Teratophobia Teratrophobia Testophobia Tetanophobia Textophobia Thalassophobia

aocophobia Tocophobia Tomophobia Tonsurephobia Topophobia Toxiphobia Toxophobia Toxicophobia Tomophobia Tonsurephobia Topophobia Toxiphobia Toxophobia Toxicophobia

panophobia Tyrannophobia Uranophobia Urophobia Vaccinophobia Venustraphobia nophobia Tyrannophobia Uranophobia Urophobia Vaccinophobia Venustraphobia

Xanthophobia Xenoglossophobia Xenophobia Xerophobia Xylophobia Xyrophobia Ymophobia thophobia Xenoglossophobia Xenophobia Xerophobia Xylophobia Xyrophobia Ymophobia

In spite of appropriate fear can be used as a protective cover to prevent crises, extreme fear may lead to inconvenience and obsession to life. Phobia can be broadly classiďŹ ed into special phobias, social phobias, and phobias. The types of fear of special phobias include: animals, natural environment, blood or injuries, and speciďŹ c situations. In some cases,

Being fear of certain things or circumstances continuously, it could be a phobia.

patients are triggered by the negative experience of fear of things. Social phobia is a mental illness that is strongly fearful or anxious for any social or public situation. Moreover, agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by the perception that the lack of a stable environment and does not easily escape arouse anxiety symptoms. One statistic summarizes the ten most common phobias, which frequently involve environmental, animal, injection and blood fears, as well as certain conditions.

06.

Arachnophobia Ophidiophobia Acrophobia Aerophobia Cynophobia Astraphobia Trypanophobia Social Phobia Agoraphobia Mysophobia

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07.

People with phobias have a formidable fear certain specific objects People with phobias have a formidable fear of of certain specific objects oror in in a a particular environment.

Although patients know that their fear is unreasonparticular environment.

Although patients know that their fear is unreasonable and unnecessary, they cannot controlled. therapy phobia, able and unnecessary, they cannot bebe controlled.

ForFor thethe therapy of of phobia, medical treatment is one most effective treatments clinic. medical treatment is one of of thethe most effective treatments in in thethe clinic.

OfOf course, there other ways treat phobia, such behavioral therapy course, there areare other ways to to treat phobia, such as as behavioral therapy in in psychotherapy, social skills training, etc., matter which one method psychotherapy, social skills training, etc., butbut no no matter which One method treating phobia, patient's own active combination therapy very forfor treating phobia, thethe patient's own active combination therapy is is very critical, and overcoming abnormal state mind can have a direct impact critical, and overcoming thethe abnormal state of of mind can have a direct impact treatment phobia.

Therefore, have pay enough attention onon thethe treatment of of phobia.

Therefore, wewe have to to pay enough attention to to adjustment mental state.

Mentioned Catherine Pittman, Elizathethe adjustment of of mental state.

Mentioned byby Catherine MM Pittman, Elizabeth Karle Rewire Your Anxious Brain: beth MM Karle in in Rewire Your Anxious Brain: “ �e best state of amygdala learning is when neurons stimulated, “ �e best state of amygdala learning is when thethe neurons areare stimulated, asas if the best condition muscle training is muscle fiber fatigue. same if the best condition forfor muscle training is muscle fiber fatigue.

ByBy thethe same token, repeated �ercises will make stronger.

You can imagine traintoken, repeated �ercises will make youyou stronger.

You can imagine thethe trainof �p�ure fear factors a fitness amygdala, and your efforts inging of �p�ure to to fear factors as as a fitness of of thethe amygdala, and your efforts gradually strengthen amygdala. willwill gradually strengthen thethe amygdala. ” ” Learning muscle relaxation techniques and practicing hard can shorten Learning muscle relaxation techniques and practicing hard can shorten thethe time of panic and reduce chance attack.

However, most time our time of panic and reduce thethe chance of of attack.

However, most of of thethe time our fears ambiguous, imagination will persist expanding and spreading fears areare ambiguous, imagination will persist in in expanding and spreading fear. rarely suspend inspect fears and bring them spotlight. fear.

WeWe rarely suspend to to inspect ourour fears and bring them to to thethe spotlight. is this uncertainty that drives anxious.

It isIt this uncertainty that drives us us to to bebe anxious.

Attention! Your Your imagination imagination arouses arouses fear! fear! * *Attention!

B Bi bi bl il i o og gr ra a pp hhy y

08.

08.

Verywell Mind.Mind.

(2018).

10 Most Common Phobias. [online] Available at: at: Verywell (2018).

10 Most Common Phobias. [online] Available https://www.verywellmind.com/most-common-phobias-4136563 [Accessed https://www.verywellmind.com/most-common-phobias-4136563 [Accessed 14 Jul. 2018].

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Psychology Today.

(2018).

7 Things You Need to Know AboutAbout Fear.Fear. [on- [onPsychology Today.

(2018).

7 Things You Need to Know line]line] Available at: at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/smashAvailable https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/smashing-the-brainblocks/201511/7-things-you-need-know-about-fear ing-the-brainblocks/201511/7-things-you-need-know-about-fear[Ac- [Accessed 14 Jul. 2018]. cessed 14 Jul. 2018].

Gardner, D. (2008).

The science of fear.

New York: Dutton.

Gardner, D. (2008).

The science of fear.

New York: Dutton.

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Itsy Itsy BitsyBitsy Spider: Fear Fear of spiders and snakes is is Cbs.mpg.de.

(2017).

Spider: of spiders and snakes deeply embedded in us.

Available at: http://www.cbs.mpg.de/deeply embedded in [online] us. [online] Available at: http://www.cbs.mpg.de/Fear-of-spiders-and-snakes-is-deeply-embedded-in-us [Accessed 14 14 Fear-of-spiders-and-snakes-is-deeply-embedded-in-us [Accessed Jul. Jul. 2018].

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