The Pill

The Pill "What is the connection between the discussion about the side effects of the pill and its usage rate?"

A.Y. 2012/2013 Politecnico di Milano, School of Design Msc Communication Design, Density Design Integrated Course Final Synthesis Studio Professors: P. Ciuccarelli, S. Mandato, D.Ricci, T. Venturini, S. Zingale

Authors: Alessandro Cerruti (781993) Andrea Cevenini (780315) Marta Croce (777972) Miriam Palopoli (783048) Dario Verrengia (782055)

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Introduction

The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), most commonly referred to as "the pill", is a birth control method that, through the combined action of two hormones (an estrogen and a progestogens) inhibits female fertility.

Avaiable in the United States since the early 1960s, contraceptive pills are one of the most popular and effective methods of birth control, and are today used by more than 100 million women worldwide.

However, the entity and the variety of their side effects is still a complex subject of discussion within the medical community and everyday users. Does the pill increase the risk of breast cancer? Is it safe for smokers, diabetics and obese women? What is its relationship with ovarian cancer?

The internet pullulates with biased, contrasting and incomplete information about these and other subjects, making it hard for women to make a conscius and informed choice on the topic.

We thought such a controverse and discussed topic would be a good fit for working with digital methods and in particular with text mining and semantic analysis, providing us with both qualitative and quantitative insights on the subject.

Finally, as the focus of our analysis was the information immediately available for the final user, we decided not to dwell in a scientometric approach.

We decided to carry out our research on this particular topic in the hope of untangling some of its most controversial points.

In the first part of the report we will map the debate about the side effects of the pill on a global scale, with the objective of finding out what kind of information is avaiable online and who is talking about its risks and benefits, and in what ratio.

In the second part of the report we will investigate if and how this discussion is influencing the usage rate of the pill in three different European countries with very different percentages of adoption: Italy, Portugal and Spain.

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1.

Global Analysis

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(RE)SETTING THE CONTROVERSY Who is talking about The Pill and in which terms?

IDENTIFICATION OF THE RIGHT QUERIES

Google Trends

TESTING THE QUERIES

Harvester/ Text Wrangler

BUILDING THE CORPUS Considering the first 100 results for each query on google.com Final queries:

THE PILL

THE PILL SIDE EFFECTS

THE PILL BENEFITS

THE PILL RISKS

THE PILL IMPACT

DISCOVERING ACTORS CATEGORIES

88 Report Report

A. ONLINE ENCICLOPEDIAS

B. MEDICAL INFORMERS

C. ISTITUTIONS

E. MEDIA

F. RELIGIOUS AND OTHER OPPONENTS

G. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

H. WOMEN MAGAZINES

Z. OTHER

NaviCrawler + Gephi

VISUALIZING ACTORS NETWORK

Alchemy API Google Refine

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Creation of a network-map of actors

Choice of "Health Conditions" entities

BENEFITS OR SIDE EFFECTS? Manually sorting each Health Condition

Microsoft Excel

ISSUES RANKING Who is talking about what?

CONCLUSIONS MAIN STEPS TOOLS

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1. Global Analysis CONTROVERSY SETTING AND CORPUS COLLECTION

1.2 Premise: (re)setting the controversy 1.3 Definition of the queries 1.4 Building the corpus

In these three paragraphs we lay the foundations of our research process. We define the research question (1.2) that will guide us through the following steps, and secondly, through five specifical queries (1.3), we go through the process of the collection of the corpus (1.4) that will be analyzed in the following chapters.

Tools used: Google Trends TextWrangler MS Excel

1.2 Premise: (re)setting the controversy The process of identifying our controversy initially lead us to the choice of a slightly different and larger topic: the discussion about hormonal contraceptive methods and their side effects.

Hormonal contraception refers generally to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. These methods include contraceptive pills, injectables, certain kind of

intrauterine devices (IUDs) and vaginal rings, implants, and patches. As we ventured inside the first step of our protocol, the definition of the queries, we realized that narrowing down our controversy to The Pill - thus reducing the complexity of our problem - would have allowed us to save an important amount of energy and time, and to later obtain more precise, focused and relevant results.

1.3 Definition of the queries The first step of our protocol was to collect a list of URLs from google.com on the topic of our research: the side effects of hormonal contraceptives. In order to achieve a satisfying result, we had to define the right queries for the research.

After having analyzed the subject of our investigation in the first phase of our project (the definition of an ActorRelations Network on the topic of access to contraception) we came up with two queries proposals that we thought would reduce interferences, ambiguity and unsuitable results. We thus collected results from: "Hormonal birth control" and "Hormonal Contraceptives".

As we were harvesting and skimming through the results we realized two things.

The first being: the vast majority of the results were talking about the contraceptive pill rather than other hormonal birth control methods such as injectables or the patch.

And the second being: most results were extremely medical. The scientific jargon we were using in the queries was producing very precise results, but at the same time results that a potential pill user would not normally get when looking for information.

Since we were going to use digital methods as the base of our research, we decided to narrow our research exclusively on the effects of the contraceptive pill, as it is the most used hormonal contraceptive in the developed words.

We then decided to use Google Trends to find out which queries would provide us with results that were quantitatively significant but also relevant to our subject of research.

We tested several queries (Fig.1) and finally decided to use "The Pill" as the base of our research.

We then combined it with five different additions, in order to get a complete an comprehensive view on the subject.

(Fig.1)

"the pill"|

Google Trends graph

“the pill” side effects|

100 80

“the pill” benefits|

60 40 20

“the pill” risks| 2005

2006

2007

2008

The Pill Hormonal Birth Control

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2009

2010

2011

2012

Hormonal Contraceptives

“the pill” impact|

1.4 Building the corpus

Once we defined the queries, we collected the first hundred results on google.com for each query.

Out of a whole corpus of 500 urls, we manually cleaned it of ''unprocessable'' urls, such as youtube links, PDFs, and a few results that didn't suit our topic of research. (e.g. "day after pill", "diabetes pill", "HIV pill"). The final corpus consisted of 460 sites.

"The pill" benefits http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/studies-find-yaz-risky-leading-birthcontrol-pills/story?id=... http://articles.latimes.com/2012/feb/20/opinion/la-oe-potts-the-pillrevisited-20120220 http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/womens-health/health/special-reports/ article/-/6511387... http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1592&channel_id=7&relation... http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2012/11/daily-rounds-essential-obamacarebenefits-call-for-otc-... http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2012/11/daily-rounds-essential-obamacarebenefits-call-for-otc-... http://contraception.about.com/od/Benefits/f/Irregular-Period.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/Benefits/f/PMS-PMDD.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/hormonalcontraception/tp/Noncontraceptive-Benefits.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/pillbrands/g/Loestrin.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/pillbrands/p/Yaz.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/prescriptionoptions/p/ThePill.htm http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/the-economic-impact... http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/20/health/birth-control-over-the-counter/index.html?eref=... http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/birth-control-pill/WO00098.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen-only_pill http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/yasmin-what-are-benefits-and-side... http://healthland.time.com/2010/03/12/can-the-birth-control-pill-helpyou-live-longer/ http://sex.healthguru.com/video/the-pill-risks-benefits http://teenadvice.about.com/od/sexsexuality/tp/birth_control_pill_1... http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/22100862/ns/today-today_health/t/beyondcontraception... http://voices.yahoo.com/the-advantages-disadvantages-birth-control-404220.html?cat=71 http://womenshealth.about.com/cs/thepill/a/otherbenorcontr.htm http://www.abc.net.au/dimensions/dimensions_health/Transcripts... http://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20 http://www.ahwatukee.com/community_focus/article_e61b5d069cb1-11e1-913d-001a4bcf887a.html http://www.bayerpharma.com/information/information.php/en/contraception/benefitrisk... http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/sexual_health/contr... http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/sexual_health/contr_progestpill.shtml http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Contraception_oral_methods http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-08/bayer-birth-control-pill-sbenefits-outweigh-risks... http://www.bodyandsoul.com.au/health+healing/expert+opinion/gps+view+c ontraceptive+pill,8291 http://www.boldsky.com/pregnancy-parenting/basics/2012/pill-benefitsbirth-control-160312.html http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57490976-10391704/statinsheart-benefits-outweigh... http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-150896/The-perfect-pill.html http://www.datamonitor.com/store/News/the_pill_goes_natural_with_potential_new_bestseller?... http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/birth-control-pill-fight-cancer-and-more http://www.drdonnica.com/display.asp?article=192 http://www.drugs.com/news/pill-offers-benefits-beyond-birth-control-21639.html http://www.ehow.com/about_5444784_expect-stopping-birth-control-pil... http://www.emedexpert.com/compare/birth-control-advantages.shtml http://www.everydayhealth.com/sexual-health/birth-control/oral-contraceptives-and-cancer... http://www.femaleforum.com/s/article/birth_control_pills_benefits...

http://www.fpa.org.uk/helpandadvice/contraception/combinedpill http://www.gloss.co.nz/Parenting/Fertility/Contraception-pill-benefitsand-problems.html http://www.gp-training.net/pal/gynaecology/ocrisk.htm http://www.guttmacher.org/media/nr/2011/11/15/index.html http://www.health.am/gyneco/more/benefits-of-the-combined-oral... http://www.healthxchange.com.sg/healthyliving/SexualHealth/Pages/ Enovid-First-Hormonal... http://www.indiaparenting.com/womens-health/166_3274/the-pill.html http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=1400 http://www.ivillage.com/forums/node/1649588 http://www.ivillage.com/forums/node/1649588 http://www.livestrong.com/article/32243-plan-b-pill-advantages/ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/birth-control-pill/WO00098 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/birth-control-pill/wo00098/nsec... http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/birth-control-pill/wo00098... http://www.more.com/health/wellness/pills-extra-benefits http://www.mybirthcontrol.co.uk/benefits.html http://www.mycontraception.ie/faqs/benefits-of-using-an-everyday-pill http://www.mydr.com.au/babies-pregnancy/contraception-the-mini-progestogen-only-pill http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2327462/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342090 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11727171 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12315433 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21080791 http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptive... http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/ris... http://www.nutraingredients.com/Research/Women-on-the-pill-couldbenefit-from-Q10-vit-E http://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/13/science/health-benefits-of-the-pillfound-to-outweigh-its-... http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/14/health/new-pill-fuels-debate-overbenefits-of-fewer-periods... http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/11/business/11pill.html?_r=0 http://www.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-contraception-es... http://www.pamf.org/teen/sex/birthcontrol/minipill.html http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Progestogen-only-Contraceptive-Pill... http://www.patient.co.uk/health/combined-oral-contraceptive-pill http://www.patient.co.uk/health/contraceptive-choices http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birthcontrol-pill-4228.htm http://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/positions/facts-on-birth-control-coverage-for-women... http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Womens-Health/WO000... http://www.sharecare.com/question/what-benefits-birth-control-pills http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life/is-the-pill-safe-after-4020120601-1zlxy.html http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/06/new-study-highlightsbirth-control-pill-s-... http://www.theheart.org/article/1077219.do http://www.theholykale.com/2012/03/the-birth-control-pill/ http://www.themichigancatholic.com/2012/07/couples-doctors-extol-nfpsbenefits-over-the-pill/ http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060111p32.shtml http://www.tressugar.com/Health-Benefits-Pill-1844092 http://www.uyazi.co.za/ReadContent.aspx?id=1002 http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/features/other-reasons-to... http://www.wholelifemagazine.com/blog/?p=3288 http://www.womens-health.co.uk/benefits-and-demerits-of-the-pill.html http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/additional-birth-control-benefits http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/benefits-of-the-pill http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/birth-control-side-effects http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/med-uses-ocp.html http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/oral.html Patients/faq021.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20121121T0905118583

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"The pill" risks http://abcnews.go.com/Health/fda-discuss-safety-issues-surroundingleading-birth-control/story?id=15099220#.UKzhyeMSXPw http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=118178&page=1#.UKzhceMSXPw http://blog.chron.com/herhealth/2012/01/does-your-birth-control-pillput-you-at-risk-for-cancer/ http://bodyecology.com/articles/dangers_birth_control_pill.php#... http://breastcancer.about.com/b/2010/01/08/abortion-birth-controlpills.htm http://cervicalcancer.about.com/od/riskfactorsandprevention/a/pill_ cancerrisk.htm http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1592&channel_id=7&relation_id=25710 http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1593&channel_id=7&relation_id=25710 http://contraception.about.com/od/combinationpills/i/Drospirenone.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/hormonalcontraception/f/VTE-Risk.htm http://contraception.about.com/od/prescriptionoptions/p/ThePill.htm http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/birth-control-pill/WO00098.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen-only_pill http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/contraception/the-pilland-your-heart.htm http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/05/11/bloodclot-risk-linked-to-some-non-pill-contraceptives http://healthyliving.msn.com/health-wellness/birth-control-pill-faqbenefits-risks-and-choices-1 http://lipmag.com/featured/the-pill-is-it-worth-the-risk/ http://m.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/ slight-increase-in-stroke-risk-for-women-using-the-pill-study/ article4263020/?service=mobile http://naturalhealthdossier.com/2008/07/birth-control-pills-stillhold-risks/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1015822.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7084677.stm http://onemoresoul.com/contraception-abortion/risks-consequences/ breast-cancer-risk-from-the-pill-new-and-revised.html http://suite101.com/article/birth-control-pill-risks-a206802 http://womenshealth.about.com/cs/birthcontrol/a/thepilljstthefa_2.htm http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/CurrentorRecentUseofBirthControlPills.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/pilllongte... http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/sexual_health/contr_combpill.shtml http://www.beforeyoutakethatpill.com/topics/sexuality_reproduction/ are-birth-control-pills-safe http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Contraception_oral_methods http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-10/bayer-s-birth-control-pillsmay-boost-blood-clot-risk-fda-says.html http://www.boston.com/dailydose/2012/06/13/birth-control-pills-raiserisk-heart-attacks-and-strokes-but-only-slightly/G3wQiKMFSVbc9W7HKJeWqO/story.html http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/oral-contraceptives http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/the-contraceptive-pill-and-cancer-risk http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/healthyliving/hormones/ thepill/the-birth-control-pill-and-cancer http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2011/10/26/pill-blood-clots.html http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2011/12/05/yasmin-birth-controlclot-risk.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-181273/Cancer-risk-45-higher-Pill.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-19852/Forty-years-Is-pillsafe.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-55603/The-Pill-All-needknow.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-106811/Long-term-Pill-useraise-cervical-cancer-risks.html http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/birth-control-pill-fight-cancer-and-more http://www.emedicinehealth.com/understanding_birth_control_medications_contrace/article_em.htm http://www.everydayhealth.com/dvt/blood-clot-and-birth-control-pilllink.aspx http://www.familydoctor.co.nz/index.asp?U=conditions&A=32755 http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/health/The+Pill-255463.html http://www.foxnews.com/health/2011/11/08/newer-birth-control-pillsagain-tied-to-blood-clots/ http://www.gp-training.net/pal/gynaecology/ocrisk.htm

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http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/jan/25/health.cancer http://www.healthcentre.org.uk/pharmacy/contraception-risks-of-cerazette.html http://www.healthcentre.org.uk/pharmacy/contraception-risks-of-cil... http://www.healthcentre.org.uk/pharmacy/contraception-risks-of-femodene-ed.html http://www.healthcentre.org.uk/pharmacy/contraception-risks-of-thecontraceptive-pill.html http://www.illinoisrighttolife.org/BreastCancerRiskFromPill.htm http://www.inate.org/en/1/2/6/19/default.aspx http://www.indiaparenting.com/sex-education/145_8/side-effects-andrisks-of-the-pill.html http://www.legaltube.com/BREAKING-NEWS-HOT-LIST/The-Yasmin-Pill-CanCause-Many-Serious-Health-Issues.aspx http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/kah/kah_19breastcancerpill.html http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/birth-control-pill/WO00098 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/birth-control-pill/wo00098/nsec... http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/minipill/MY00991 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/minipill/MY00991/DSECTION=risks http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/birth-control-pill/wo00098/ method=print http://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/issues/2012january/birthcontrolpillcancer.html http://www.migrainetrust.org/factsheet-migraine-and-the-contraceptivepill-10894 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46653546/ns/health-cancer/t/hormone-pillmay-cut-breast-cancer-risk-some/ http://www.myhealthnewsdaily.com/3286-birth-control-pill-over-thecounter.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12315433 http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivepil... http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/mini-pills.htm http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/... http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Progestogen-only-pill/Pages/Cautions.aspx http://www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/c/article/combinedcontraceptivepill/ http://www.nhsinform.co.uk/health-library/articles/c/combined-contraceptive-pill/risks http://www.nhsinform.co.uk/health-library/articles/p/progestogen-onlypill/cautions http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_130647.html http://www.nowpublic.com/health/pill-cuts-cancer-risk-extends-lifeprofessor-philip-hannaford http://www.osv.com/tabid/7621/itemid/7319/Most-women-unaware-of-birthcontrol-pill-health-ri.aspx http://www.parkhurstexchange.com/clinical-reviews/apr09/pill http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/pill-questions-what-to-ask-when-starting-the-ocp http://www.patient.co.uk/health/combined-oral-contraceptive-pill http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birthcontrol-pill-4228.htm http://www.preventcancer.com/patients/med_avoid/pill.htm http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/12/us-contraceptive-pill-riskidUSTRE62B01R20100312 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/13/us-contraceptive-strokerisk-idUSBRE85C1L320120613 http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Womens-Health/WO000... http://www.sexualhealthteesside.nhs.uk/contraception/combined-contraceptive-pill/risks/ http://www.talktalk.co.uk/lifestyle/healthfitness/conditions/article/ combined-contraceptive-pill/risks http://www.talktalk.co.uk/lifestyle/healthfitness/conditions/article/ progestogen-only-pill/cautions http://www.tbtam.com/2011/12/patch-pill-visualizing-risk.html#sthash. lUKLBPyO.dpbs http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/conditions/new-birth-control-pills-can-triple-the-risk-of-blood-clots/ article577284/ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/slightincrease-in-stroke-risk-for-women-using-the-pill-study/article4263020/ http://www.thewomens.org.au/thepill http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/guide/pill-breast-cancer-risk http://www.wellnesstimes.com/articles/real-risks-birth-control-pills http://www.womens-health.co.uk/risks.html http://www.womhealth.org.au/healthjourney/pill_myths_misconception... http://www.yaz-us.com/

"The pill" side effects http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/womens-health/health/special-reports/ article/-/6511387/special-report-are-you-on-the-right-pill/ http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1593&channel_id=7&relation_id=25710 http://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=4971&rot=4 http://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=4980&rot=4 http://contraception.about.com/od/thepill/l/bl_choosingapill.htm http://dherbs.com/articles/side-effects-pill-48.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/contraception/birthcontrol-pill3.htm http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/contraception/contraception_birth.html http://onemoresoul.com/contraception-abortion/risks-consequences/whata-woman-should-know-about-birth-control.html http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/04/in-india-a-small-pillwith-positive-side-effects/ http://std.emedtv.com/oral-contraceptives/oral-contraceptive-sideeffects.html http://teenadvice.about.com/od/sexsexuality/tp/birth_control_pill... http://today.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8354767 http://today.ninemsn.com/article.aspx?id=8354767 http://topics.info.com/Side-Effects-of-Birth-Control-Pills_1625 http://voices.yahoo.com/early-side-effects-birth-control-pill-5361197. html?cat=5 http://voices.yahoo.com/what-expect-going-off-birth-controlpill-11515272.html?cat=5 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_side_effects_of_the_contraceptive_injection http://women.webmd.com/guide/plan-b http://womenshealth.about.com/cs/birthcontrol/a/thepilljstthefa_2.htm http://womenshealth.about.com/od/thepill/f/pillsideeffects.htm http://www.121doc.co.uk/contraceptive-pill-side-effects.html http://www.all.org/article/index/id/MjQ0OA http://www.askmen.com/dating/love_tip_400/410_love_tip.html http://www.askmen.com/dating/love_tip_500/588_libido-and-the-pill.html http://www.babyexpert.com/forum/planning-a-baby/stopping-the-pillside-effects-microgynon-30/80745.html http://www.babyexpert.com/forum/trying-for-a-baby/coming-off-the-pill--side-effects/136691.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/sexual_health/contr... http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/sexual_health/contr_progestpill.shtml http://www.beinggirl.com/article/birth-control-pills-side-effects/ http://www.canada.com/health/pill+Myths+facts/6157463/story.html http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resources/life-and-family/sexualitycontraception/what-a-woman-should-know-about-contraceptives/ http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/diet-fitness/health/the-pill-part-twothe-effects-on-your-body-108673 http://www.cyclebeads.com/blog/447/side-effects-the-pill-and-cyc... http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1277929/New-study-showsPill-affects-womens-libido.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2051085/How-contraceptivepill-messes-womens-minds-Rage-despair-low-sex-drive-.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-150896/The-perfect-pill.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2171150/A-pill-men-No-justneed-jab-bottom.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-55603/The-Pill-All-needknow.html http://www.divinecaroline.com/22175/116980-five-surprising-side-effects-going http://www.drugwatch.com/yaz/side-effects.php http://www.elephantjournal.com/2012/10/the-sexy-side-effects-of-goingoff-the-pill-michelle-stevenson/ http://www.epigee.org/guide/pill_sex.html http://www.femail.com.au/contra1.htm http://www.fertilityfactor.com/the-pill-and-pcos.html http://www.fpq.com.au/publications/fsBrochures/Fs_COCP.php http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/27/girls-contraceptive-pill-over-the-counter http://www.health.com/health/condition-article/0,,20326842,00.html http://www.healthboards.com/boards/birth-control/910932-side-effectsleaving-pill.html http://www.healthcentre.org.uk/pharmacy/morning-after-pill-sideeffects.html http://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/contraception/birth-control-pills/ http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/

why-ill-never-take-the-pill-again-1970488.html http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=1400 http://www.livestrong.com/article/72277-side-effects-continuous... http://www.livestrong.com/article/90802-side-effects-using-birthcontrol/ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/birth-control-pill/wo00098/nsectiongroup=2 http://www.medicalonline.com.au/medical/women/pill.htm http://www.medicinenet.com/oral_contraceptives_birth_control_pills/ article.htm http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/consumers/cmi/e/estelle35.htm http://www.migrainetrust.org/factsheet-migraine-and-the-contraceptivepill-10894 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48689501/ns/health-mens_health/t/new-cancer-drug-affects-sperm-study-shows-finally-male-birth-control-pill/#.

UKziJ4UiOJc http://www.mydr.com.au/medicines/cmis/juliet-35-ed-tablets http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/birthcontrolandcontraception/203426... http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptive... http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex-and-relationships/medicines/microgynon-30.html http://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Loette.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/Sideeffects.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Contraception/Pages/ThePOP.aspx http://www.patheos.com/blogs/badcatholic/2011/10/10-reasons-the-pillsucks.html http://www.patient.co.uk/health/combined-oral-contraceptive-pill http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Emergency-Contraception.htm http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Progestogen-Only-Pill.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_effects.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_puertorico.html http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birthcontrol-pill-4228.htm http://www.planningchrr.com/en/pamphlet/taking-the-pill-continuously http://www.quiverfull.com/birth_control/fact_sheet_on_pill_side_effect.html http://www.self.com/health/2012/02/birth-control-pill-side-effects http://www.sensible-alternative.com.au/female-hormones/the-problemwith-the-pill http://www.seventeen.com/health/is-birth-control-safe http://www.sharecare.com/question/side-effects-for-missing-a-pill-ofbirth-control http://www.sharecare.com/question/what-are-the-side-effects-of-goingoff-the-pill http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/diet-and-fitness/blogs/chew-on-this/ can-the-pill-add-weight-20120227-1ty55.html http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/06/new-study-highlightsbirth-control-pill-s-negative-side-effects.html http://www.thepillkills.com/sideeffects.php http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=366409 http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/wiki/Contraception_-_anything_and_almost_everything! http://www.thewellnesswarrior.com.au/2012/06/everything-you-need-toknow-about-the-pill/?doing_wp_cron=1353507217.8867321014404296875000 http://www.thewomens.org.au/thepill http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-64301-Camila+Oral.aspx?drugid=64301&dr ugname=Camila+Oral http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-75915-Jolivette+Oral.aspx?drugid=75915 &drugname=Jolivette+Oral http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills-weight-gain http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/ss/slideshow-birth-con... http://www.webmd.com/sex/video/new-birth-control-pill-less... http://www.wholelifemagazine.com/blog/?p=3288 http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/additional-birth-control-benefits http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/birth-control-side-effects http://www.womhealth.org.au/healthjourney/pill_myths_misconception...

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The pill http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/scientists-closer-birth-controlpill-men/story?id=17028071#.UKziEuMSV_w http://bedsider.org/methods/the_pill#details_tab http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1592&channel_id=7&relation_id=25710 http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1593&channel_id=7&relation_id=25710 http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/the-economic-impact-ofthe-pill/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_contraceptive_pill http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudence_and_the_Pill http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/contraception/birthcontrol-pill.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blthepill.htm http://kidshealth.org/teen/expert/birth_control/talktoparents.html http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/contraception/contraception_birth.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/4/newsid_3228000/3228207.stm http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/08/compound-points-towardthe-pill-.html http://nymag.com/news/features/69789/ http://scienceblogs.com/erv/2012/05/14/the-pill-for-hiv-no-really-thi/ http://shcs.ucdavis.edu/topics/contraception/pill-missed.html http://sweeteningthepill.blogspot.it/ http://theconversation.edu.au/mondays-medical-myth-the-pill-affectslong-term-fertility-8150 http://thepillkills.com/ http://women.webmd.com/guide/comparing-birth-control-pill-types-combination-mini-pills-more http://www-scf.usc.edu/~nicoleg/history.htm http://www.babycenter.com/0_birth-control-pills-the-pill-combinedhormonal-oral-contrace_3557.bc http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/sexual_health/contr... http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/advice/factfile_az/the_pill http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Contraception_oral_methods http://www.biosantepharma.com/The-Pill-Plus.php http://www.bodyandsoul.com.au/health+healing/news+features/which+pill+ is+best+for+your,7339 http://www.brook.org.uk/contraception/types-of-contraception/... http://www.canada.com/health/pill+Myths+facts/6157463/story.html http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/oral-contraceptives http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/the-contraceptive-pill-and-cancer-risk http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/0000/0032. asp?index=3977 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-55603/The-Pill-All... http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2012/08/male-contraception http://www.fpa.org.uk/helpandadvice/contraception/combinedpill http://www.fpa.org.uk/media/uploads/helpandadvice/contraception-booklets/the-combined-pill-your-guide.pdf

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http://www.getthefacts.health.wa.gov.au/3/56/1/contraceptive_pills.pm http://www.health.qld.gov.au/istaysafe/be-safe-with-sex/contrac... http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/birth-control-pills http://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/contraception/birth... http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fda-approves-the-pill http://www.ignatius.com/Products/AEAP-H/adam-and-eve-after-the... http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/ why-ill-never-take-the-pill-again-1970488.html http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=1400 http://www.kindredcommunity.com/articles/the-pill-is-it-right-foryour-teenage-daughter/p/1353 http://www.kiwifamilies.co.nz/articles/teenagers-and-the-pill/ http://www.kiwifamilies.co.nz/articles/the-combined-pill/ http://www.mckinley.illinois.edu/handouts/pill_the.html http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48689501/ns/health-mens_health/t/new-cancer-drug-affects-sperm-study-shows-finally-male-birth-control-pill... http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2618.aspx?CategoryID=117&SubCategoryID=115 http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/how-totake-it.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Contraception/Pages/Combinedpill.aspx http://www.pamf.org/teen/sex/birthcontrol/bcpill.html http://www.patient.co.uk/health/combined-oral-contraceptive-pil http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Migraine-and-the-Contraceptive-Pilland-Patch.htm http://www.pfli.org/faq_oc.html http://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/newsroom/politics-policyissues/50th-anniversary-pill-32555.htm http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birthcontrol-pill-4228.htm http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/emergency-contraception-morning-after-pill-4363.asp http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/on-plagiarism-the-pill-andpresumptuousness/ http://www.thepillispersonal.org/ http://www.thepillkills.com/pillkills.php http://www.thewomens.org.au/thepill http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19670407,00.html http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pill http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/guide/pill-breast-cancer-risk http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills-weight-gain http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/features/other-reasons-to... http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/news/20121120/acog-sell-pillwithout-prescription http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/pill-perplex_648532.html http://www.whatcontraceptiveareyou.com.au/the-contraceptive-pill.aspx http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/09/djerassi-qa/ http://www.womhealth.org.au/healthjourney/pill_myths_misconcep... onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com/womens-health/the-pill/repeat-of-mycurrent-pill https://www.thepill.com/aboutortho

"The pill" impact http://americablog.com/2012/03/the-economic-impact-of-the-pill.html http://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations/power-of-the-pill-orpower-of-abortion http://boards.weddingbee.com/topic/did-you-have-side-effects-frombirth-control-yes-or-no http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_ id=1593&channel_id=7&relation_id=25710 http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/the-economic-impact... http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/towwpaper/2010-02.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill http://eu-ae.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=92:aktue ll-the-pill-takes-a-beating&catid=35:aktuelles&Itemid=61 http://greenanswers.com/q/216456/pollution-toxins/consumer-products/ what-enviromental-effect-birth-control-pill http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/contraception/birthcontrol-pill3.htm http://health.yahoo.net/articles/sexual-health/your-contraceptivescan-affect-your-mental-health http://health.yahoo.net/articles/womens-health/antibiotics-pill-andunintended-pregnancy http://healthland.time.com/2009/10/07/can-the-pill-impact-who-womenchoose-to-date-or-have-kids-with/ http://healthland.time.com/2011/10/12/how-the-pill-affects-sexualsatisfaction-lasting-marriage/ http://healthyliving.msn.com/health-wellness/women/5-surprising-effects-of-the-pill-1#5 http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/qjecon/v121y2006i1p289-320.html http://io9.com/5376689/does-the-pill-really-affect-our-choice-of-mate http://lifeissues.net/writers/wilks/wilks_01pillimpact1.html http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/02/q-and-a-the-50th-anniversary-of-.html http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/121/1/289.short http://rachelrabbitwhite.com/the-divorce-pill-birth-control-effectsyour-doctor-doesnt-know/ http://sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com/2011/08/24/the-pill-does-notmake-you-gain-weight/ http://smartloving.org/the-pill-and-partner-choice/ http://sweeteningthepill.blogspot.it/ http://teenadvice.about.com/od/sexsexuality/tp/birth_control_pill... http://teens.webmd.com/girls/features/the-pill-myths-and-facts http://theconversation.edu.au/mondays-medical-myth-the-pill-affectslong-term-fertility-8150 http://thepill.umwblogs.org/impact/the-pill-a-sexual-revolution/ http://thepill.umwblogs.org/impact/the-pill-and-the-church/ http://thepill.umwblogs.org/invention/the-pill-and-the-womens... http://thepillkills.com/ http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/19803528/ns/today-today_health/t/canbirth-control-now-impact-pregnancy-later/#.UKzpk4UiOJc http://uk.askmen.com/dating/love_tip_500/588_libido-and-the-pill.html http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2010-05-07-1Apill07_CV_N. htm?csp=usat.me http://waitingtillmarriage.org/what-virgins-should-know-about-the... http://womenshealth.about.com/cs/birthcontrol/a/thepilljstthefa_2.htm http://www.1flesh.org/argument_page/pill-harms-environment/ http://www.babycentre.co.uk/preconception/activelytrying/longtermpill/ http://www.babyzone.com/getting-pregnant/preparing-for-pregnancy/pilland-fertility_79056 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15984258 http://www.care2.com/greenliving/the-pills-impact-on-the-planet-after50-years.html http://www.care2.com/greenliving/the-pills-impact-on-the-planet-after50-years.html http://www.centre-clauderer.com/en/contraception-hair/index.htm http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-150417/Will-Pill-affectchances-fertility.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-75265/Can-taking-Pill-longaffect-fertility.html

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-207039/Pill-harm... http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-55603/The-Pill-All... http://www.endotext.org/female/female8/index.html http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARRIAGE/CCLQPL.TXT http://www.familyplanning.org/familyfaq.shtml http://www.fertilityfriend.com/Faqs/Fertility-After-Oral-Contrac... http://www.forbes.com/sites/meghancasserly/2012/03/30/contraceptionwomens-earnings-martha-bailey-healthcare/ http://www.healthviva.com/things-you-should-know-about-the-i-pill/ http://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/contraception/birth-control-pills/ http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/ why-ill-never-take-the-pill-again-1970488.html http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/what-the-pill-is-doing-to-our... http://www.livescience.com/16501-birth-control-relationship-sati... http://www.livestrong.com/article/477289-will-birth-control-pillslose-their-effectiveness-if-i-take-vitamin-b-6/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/67408-social-effects-birth-control/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/81399-effects-birth-control... http://www.livestrong.com/effects-of-birth-control-pills/ http://www.marksdailyapple.com/the-pill-what-you-need-to-know-aboutoral-contraception/ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/birth-control-pill/wo00098/... http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36965165/ns/health-behavior/t/how-didpill-affect-your-life/#.UKzpkoUiOJc http://www.naturalendocrinesolutions.com/archives/taking-the-pill-canaffect-thyroid-health/ http://www.naturalendocrinesolutions.com/articles/the-impact-of-oralcontraceptives-on-thyroid-health/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342090 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8752228 http://www.nerve.com/love-sex/how-does-the-pill-affect-our-rel... http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Combined-contraceptive-pill/Pages/... http://www.ovulation-calculator.com/pregnancy/thepill.htm?page=2 http://www.parenting.com/article/how-birth-control-could-affect... http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/filmmore/ps_revolution.html http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/emergency-contraception-morning-after-pill-4363.asp http://www.planningchrr.com/en/pamphlet/taking-the-pill-continuously http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/contraceptive-pill.html http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/culturally-speaking/201208/sexualthoughts-sex-drive-and-the-pill http://www.religiousconsultation.org/News_Tracker/birth_control_pills_ helped_empower_women_changed_world.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120327124810.htm http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010782498001310 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-problem-with... http://www.self.com/health/2012/02/birth-control-pill-side-effects http://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/are-your-birth-controlpills-safe http://www.sharecare.com/question/what-are-the-side-effects-of-goingoff-the-pill http://www.sportsmd.com/SportsMD_Articles/id/309.aspx http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/women_shealth/7728971/The-Pillwomans-best-friend.html http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/06/new-study-highlightsbirth-control-pill-s-negative-side-effects.html http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/how-the-pill-can-harm-yourfuture-childs-health/ http://www.viewzone.com/estrogen.html http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills-weight-gain http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills?page=3 http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills?page=3 http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/birth-control-side-effects http://www.woomb.org/omrrca/bulletin/vol25/no2/effects.shtml http://www.yaz-us.com/ http://www.zenit.org/article-34791?l=english

17

1. Global Analysis ACTORS-NETWORKS

1.5. Discovering actors categories 1.6 Global Network of Actors

The aim of this chapter is to present the categories of actors involved in the discussion about the side effects of the pill on the internet. The classifications of URLs was a fundamental step in the process of our research, as it allowed us to distinguish and analyze different voices in the debate in the further phases of the protocol.

TOOLS USED: Navicrawler MS Excel Gephi

1.5 Discovering actors categories After collecting our corpus we manually divided it into categories of actors, in order to be able to better understand the information we would have later derived from the semantic analysis. We identified eight categories of actors:

A.

B.

Encyclopedias & How To's Online Encyclopedias, guides and How-To's. wikipedia.org, about.com

Medical & Health Informers Medical Structures' websites, blogs owned by doctors and health experts. webmd.com

F.

G.

Religious & other opponents Websites with a clear religious affiliation and other opponents of the pill. thepillkills.com, onemoresoul.com 20 Report

Drug Industries and Drug Stores Pill producers and websites that they own or sponsor. bayerpharma.com, 121doc.com

C.

E.

Istitutional Websites Official websites of governments and health ministers. nhs.uk, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mass Media & Web Portals Online newspapers, portals and other news media. bbc.co.uk, msn.com

H.

Z.

Women Forums and Magazines Forums and blogs aimed at female readers. womenshealthmag.com, gloss.co.nz

Others Sites that couldn't be categorized in any of the previous category 21

The categorization immediately shows that the Medical & Health Informers category is the biggest one, followed

by Mass media and Female websites. The domain google. com, which contains results from differents englishspeaking countries, appears more interested in technical information on "the pill" and its mode of use (categories A, B,C, E, G) and shows less informations about user experience and opinions of a defined part with its personal point of view (H, F, Z). Making a focus on this last three

categories we can see that: women, who give mainly suggestion connected with their personal experiences, talk more when the keywords are side effects and benefits; Biased actors (such as categories F) discuss in a relevant quantity just in negative queries (side effects, risks and impact) while it seems that the Others express theirselves only when the discussion revolves around the pill's effect and its impact on sexual life and environment.

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Colours guide A. Enciclopedias & How To's B. Medical & Health Informers C. Istitutional Websites E. Mass Media & Web Portals

Benefits

The Pill Impact Risks Side Effects category color * queries

23

present in similar quantities in all the five queries while other categories shows profound difference of presence between a query and the other.

Women websites, for example, are highly present in queries such as benefits and side effects, showing an interest and attitude of female users to give their contribution by sharing their experiences with other users. The participation of category F (Religious and Other opponents) and Z (others) is higher when the debate is focused the impact of the pill

on women, couple-issues and environment.

Institutional websites, who have no interest in scaring off potential users, are active mainly on the general "risks" query rather than a more concrete "side effects".

At last, category A (Encyclopedias and online sources), are the most active category when talking about benefits of the pill.

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25

1.6 Global Network of Actors

After finding out which categories are the most active in the discussion and for which query, we wanted to investigate how the invidual actors are related to each other and how they are allied in the discussion.

We used Navicrawler to discover the relations between the website of our corpus. This Firefox applet collects all the external links of a given list of websites.

By choosing the appropriate settings (Fig. 2) we managed to display in the map up to one (hidden) degree of separation between the sites of our corpus.

The resulting .WXSY file was opened with a software called Gephi in order to obtain a visualizazion of the map.

We exported the [nodes] table in MS Excel, where we manually corrected mispelled URLs and merged duplicated websites. We reimported the nodes table in Gephi and distinguished visited websited from next websites and the different categories of actors (Fig. 2). We then tested several spatialization algorythms, and decided to use Force Atlas 2 (with linlog mode and prevent overlap activated) for our maps (Fig. 3). We then exported the maps as .pdf files and manually adjusted them in Adobe Illustrator.

(Fig.2)

THE PROCESS PROCESS

Categories

A

B

C

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F

G

H

Z

URLs

copy

Navicrawler

paste crawl!

SETTINGS:

.wxsf start

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start

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start

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only directly connected or with 1 degree of separation max depth: 1 crawl distance: 0 next sites: on remove sites with only one inbound link

26 Report

(Fig.3)

.wxsf

Gephi open with Gephi Force Atlas 2

NO social networks, search engines and spams (manual process)

SETTINGS: Force Atlas 2 linlog mode: on prevent overlap: on

map of actors

27

The map below shows the relations between websites of the corpus of our global research on google.com. Every website is represented by a colored circle. The radius of a circle is proportional to the website's indegree - the amount of incoming links - an indicator of its relevance in the controversy.

"Bridge" websites, sites that do not appear directly in corpus but are linked by at least two of the websites that belong to it, are shown with a stroke.

We can immediately see how the most quoted websites of the corpus, as well as bridge websites, belong to only three categories: medical informers, mass media and institutional websites. Between these three categories there is an homogeneous network of relations where we can see the clear tendency of medical informers to link to other website of the same category and to encyclopedias. Other categories seems to completely excluted from this network: Women Websites of the corpus are quite disconnected, while category F (Religious and other opponents) have a proper little separate mini-network on the bottom edge of the maps.

It is interesting to notice how some of the more ''reliable'' websites in the discussion (such as hon.ch, fda.gov, healthonnet. org) are bridge websites, which means websites that do not appear at all when searching "the pill" on google.com.

thepil

fertilityfactor.com

kidshealth.org epigee.org

webmd.com

emedicinehealth.com

medicinenet.com

inate.or

theheart.org

corpus url bridge url bridge link direct link

unclassifiable A. Enciclopedias & How To's B. Medical & Health Informers C. Istitutional Websites E. Mass Media & Web Portals F. Religious and other opponents G. Drug Industries and drug stores H. Women Forums and Magazines Z. Others

drdonnica.com

family hon.ch

drugs.com

irishhealth.com health.am

endotext.org

health.qld.gov.au fpq.com.au

28 Report

pamf.org plannedparenthoodaction.org

thepillispersonal.org topics.info.com

ehow.com mckinley.illinois.edu

plannedparenthood.org

livestrong.com nytimes.com sciencedirect.com tbtam.com

1flesh.org

ll.umwblogs.org

msnbc.msn.com

commonhealth.wbur.org

goaskalice.columbia.edu

sharecare.com doctoroz.com marksdailyapple.com

voices.yahoo.com

scf.usc.edu

mayoclinic.com

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov parenting.com

theconversation.edu.au

edition.cnn.com

mdanderson.org emedexpert.com

contraception.about.com

cancer.gov

rg

en.wikipedia.org fda.gov

hhs.gov

netdoctor.co.uk

everydayhealth.com

bayerpharma.com thepill.com

mydr.com.au

onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com

abc.net.au

healthonnet.org

articles.latimes.com

patient.co.uk sex.healthguru.com

cancerresearchuk.org migrainetrust.org

time.com

std.emedtv.com youngwomenshealth.org

fpa.org.uk

ideas.repec.org

drugwatch.com

econpapers.repec.org nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk bbc.co.uk brook.org.uk

ydoctor.co.nz

myhealthnewsdaily.com

scientificamerican.com smartloving.org news.sciencemag.org

onemoresoul.com

lifeissues.net

u

29

1. Global Analysis SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

1.7 Entities, Keywords, Concepts 1.8 Health Conditions 1.9 Side Effects vs Benefits

The use of a text-mining software like Alchemy API provided us with the possibility of quickly applying semantic analysis to the extremely numerous list of urls we so far collected.

Processing the results of Alchemy API though wasn't as easy as we thought (1.7). Finally, by carefully inspecting the results (1.8) we managed to understand how to get very near to our original expectations (1.9)

TOOLS USED: Alchemy API Google Refine Microsoft Excel

1.7 Entities, Keywords, Concepts

In order to understand how the different categories of actors are talking about the pill, we used a text-mining tool called Alchemy API. Alchemy API extracts the semantic richness from a given text, returning a list of words that it finds relevant in the texts of the list of urls it is fed with.

It also gives back a classification of the words as keyword, concept or entity and it also provides a relevance attribute, which is a measure of how pertinent the word is to the source text.

(Fig.4)

Pivot Table ↘ Entities › City › Company › Continent › Country › Drug › Eintertainment Award › Facility › Field Terminology › Financial Market › Geographic Feature › Health Condition › Holiday › Movie › MusicGroup › Operating System › Organization › Person

Pivot Table

(fig.4)

The closest match to our expectation was the entity of "health conditions", but it generally included recognized benefits and side effects.

After finding out that Alchemy API cannot be used effectively to automatically extract sentiment on a determinate subject (how our categories of actors are talking about the pills) we decided to work with the list of "health conditions" entities, with the help of Google Refine and some manual tweaks on Microsoft Excel.

↘ Health Condition . headache . cancer . breast cancer . nausea . vomiting . heart attack . stroke . cervical cancer

=

. high blood pressure . endometriosis . HIV . tumor . diabetes . thrombosis . anemia . migraines . cardiovascular disease

› Product

. diarrhea

› Region

. fatigue

› Sport

. heart disease

› Start or County

. liver disease

› Technology

. osteoporosis

› Television Show

. pelvic infiammatory

› Television Station

. aura

↗ Concepts

Before utilizing Alchemy API, we were hoping to be able to obtain seperate lists of side effects (headache, breast cancer,increased risk of HIV), benefits (anemia, ovarian cancer…) and general impact (effects on mating intentions, water pollution, sexuality of fishes…).

The entities Alchemy API was able to separate were 25

↘ Entities

› Print Media

↗ Keywords

Entities also have a count indicator. This indicates the number of occourences of the words in its url.

We focused on entities rather than keywords and concepts because we based our considerations on count-ranking rather than relevance-ranking, as we thought it was a more reliable indicator.

. chlamydia . epilepsy . AIDS

=

At first, we used Google Refine to merge synonims such as cephalea/migraine/headache, and HIV/AIDS and to clean up ''dirty data" (wrong spelling, different capitalization, punctuation, ecc).

Secondly, we divided the cleaned up list of health conditions in "benefits" and "side effects", considering each word in one or other list according to the opinion of the scientific community. This was quite easilly achieved, because there is generally an agreement within the scientific community in defining what are the pills' side effects and benefits.1 In the process, we excluded words that we could not precisely fit in one category or the other, such as "cancer" and "tumor" as we could not clearly distinguish in which acception they were used.

. human papillomavirus . miscarriage . chlamydia . fatigue

1

32 Report

For more details on this classification also see the Appendix.

1.8 Health Conditions Health Conditions .Benefits -

alzheimer anemia bowel cancers colon cancer colorectal cancer colorectal tumors cyst cystic fibrosis dysmenorrhea endometriosis endometrial cancer epithelial cancers gynecologic cancers

-

head injury iron deficiency multiple sclerosis osteopenia osteoporosis ovarian cancer pancreatitis pelvic inflammatory disease polycystic ovary syndrome rheumatoid arthritis symptomatic endometriosis uterine cancer uterine fibroids

Health Conditions .Side effects -

adhd adhesion adrenal disease agenesis aids allergies amnesia androgenic alopecia angina anorexia nervosa arthritis asthma strial fibrillation aura autism blindness blister blood cancers body odor breast cancer breast cysts breastfeeding cancer cancers cerebrovascular disease cervical cancer chlamydia cholelithiasis chronic liver disease clinical depression coma confusion constipation coronary artery disease cough craniosynostosis crohn's disease cirrhosis dehydration dependent cancers depression develop cancers diarrhea diplopia dizziness down's syndrome dyslexia dyslipidemia dysplasia dyspraxia diabetes ectopic pregnancy eczema. epilepsyt elephantiasis endocarditis

-

erythema estrogen-related cancers fatal cancers fatigue fatty liver disease feverfull-blown cancer gallbladder disease gallstones gastroenteritis genital warts gonorrhea headache health problems heart attack heart disease heart failure heart palpitations heart valve hepatic adenoma high blood pressure hirsutism hypercholesterolemia hyperglycemia hyperkalemia hyperlipidemias hypothyroidism human papilloma virus infection infections inflammation insomnia irritability irritable bowel syndrome ischemic stroke jaundice kidney damage kidney disease leukemia liver cancer liver disease lung cancer malaise malnutrition mania mastalgia melanomas melasma menorrhagia menstrual disorder mesenteric thrombosis metastatic cancer miscarriage myalgia nausea neoplasm

-

neurological disease osteoarthritis other cancers otosclerosis pain papilledema pemphigoid phenobarbital post-menopausal women papilloma paralysis paranoia parkinson's disease phlebitis polio porphyria pre-eclampsia prostate cancer pulmonary embolism pulmonary hypertension rash retinal thrombosis ringworm rotor syndrome schizophrenia seizures severe artery disease sexual dysfunction sexually transmitted disease sickle-cell disease skin cancer skin disease spina bifida stds stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage sydenham's chorea syphilis thrombophlebitis thrombosis toxic shock syndrome trachoma tract cancers tumors tumours uremic syndrome vaginal bleeding vein thrombosis venous thrombosis virus infection vomiting whipworm xerostomia yeast infection

33

A. Enciclopedias & How To's

B. Medical & Health Informers

C. Istitutional Websites

E. Mass Media & Web Portals

F. Mass Media & Web Portals

G. Drug Industries and Drug Stores

H. Women Forums and Magazines

34 Report

ENDOMETRIOSIS

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

DIABETES

DEPRESSION

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

100

CERVICAL CANCER

50

BREAST CANCER

10

The area value is the sum of the count of each entity found by Alchemy API in the corpus.

AURA

Side Effects

ANEMIA

Benefits

AIDS

Z. Others

VOMITING

THROMBOSIS

STROKE

OVARIAN CANCER

NAUSEA

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

HEPATIC ADENOMA

HEART DISEASE

HEART ATTACK

HEADACHE

By visualizing the mentions of health effects and benefits in each category of actors, this visualization gives an overall view of the discussion on the global arena.

It is interesting to see how different categories have very different point of views and relevance in the discussion.

While every category tend to stress more the side effects rather than the beneficial effects of the pill (for very different reasons, we can assume) only some of those talk seem to talk about benefits, like Encyclopedias, Medical Informers, and Media. Pill Producers and seller seem to have no interest in promoting benefits of the pill.

We can also notice which are the most discussed side effects, Breast Cancer and Headache above all, and those with a more uneven distribution of mentions, like AIDS and Hepatic Adenoma.

35

36 Report

2.

National Focus

37

REPHRASING THE QUESTION "Is the discussion about the pill influencing or reflecting its rate of usage? If so, how?"

CHOOSING 3 COUNTRIES Italy / Portugal / Spain

GoogleTranslate GoogleTrends

TRANSLATING THE 5 QUERIES in Italian, Portuguese, Spanish

TESTING THE QUERIES

Harvester/ Text Wrangler

BUILDING 3 NATIONAL CORPORA Considering the first 50 results for each query on each national google

DIVIDING INTO ACTORS CATEGORIES

38 38 Report Report

A. ONLINE ENCICLOPEDIAS

B. MEDICAL INFORMERS

C. ISTITUTIONS

E. MEDIA

F. RELIGIOUS AND OTHER OPPONENTS

G. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

H. WOMEN MAGAZINES

Z. OTHER

Alchemy API Google Refine

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS Choice of "Health Conditions" entities

BENEFITS OR SIDE EFFECTS? Manually sorting each Health Condition Microsoft Excel

NATIONAL ISSUES RANKINGS Comparing the most mentioned issues for each country

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDIA Focus on the category of News Media

NaviCrawler + Gephi

VISUALIZING ACTORS NETWORK Creation of 3 network-maps of actors

CONCLUSIONS

MAIN STEPS TOOLS

39

2. National Focus on the Global Domain ONLINE DISCUSSION vs ADOPTION RATE

2.1 Section Introduction 2.2 Actors Categories 2.2.1 Actors Clusters 2.3 Semantic Analysis 2.4 Qualitative Analysis of Media 2.5 National Networks 2.6 Conclusions

After getting an overall look about the discussion on a global domain (Chapter 1), in the second section of this report we want to re-iterate our research protocol on three specific European Countries with very different adoption rates of the pill, in order to understand how the online discussion about the pill's side effects can actually influence or reflect its rate of usage.

TOOLS USED: Alchemy API Google Refine Microsoft Excel Circos

2.1 Section Introduction

While observing data from a United Nation report from 2010 about World Contraception, we noticed how countries in Europe have very diverse rates of use of the Pill.

We isolated some cases that we thought were interesting.

(Fig.5) We finally decided to conduct our analysis on three mediterranean countries with very diverse percentage of use of the pill: Portugal (with 59,2%), Spain (17,2%), Italy (14,2%).

The final choice was influenced by some other considerations that we thought would facilitate the processing and analysis of the outcomes: these countries have a pretty similar socio-cultural status, and they share common language roots.

If we had compared countries like Finland or the United Kingdom with countries like Portugal or Italy, the results would have been unevitably disturbed by the differences in the language and the local culture.

We adopted a simplified protocol for these three countries. Instead of considering the first 100 results (as we done for the ".com" research), in this case we collected only the first 50 links per query. This allowed us to proceed faster with the research, and to consider only more relevant results, as websites considered in result pages after the 5th are not usually considered much influential.

The queries for each country were chosen by translating in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese1 those that we had previously used for the first phase of the research.

After looking at the first batch of result, we realized that the Portuguese translation required a bit of tweaking because of the nature of the language.

1

(Fig.5) Nations

Percentage using pill

Focus areas

↘ Europe

› Portugal

58,9%

› Hungary

39,4%

› UK

28%

› Spain

17,2%

› Italy

14,2%

› Finland

11,3%

42 Report

PORTUGAL

58,9

SPAIN

17,2

ITALY

14,2

Final Queries:

ITALY

"La Pillola" "La Pillola" + "Effetti Collaterali" "La Pillola" + Benefici "La Pillola" + Rischi "La Pillola" + Impatto

SPAIN

"La pildora" "La pildora" + "efectos secundarios" "La pildora" + beneficios "La pildora" + riesgos "La pildora" + impacto

PORTUGAL

"A pílula anticoncepcional" "Pílula" benefícios "Efeitos secundarios" + "pílula anticoncepcional" Riscos "pílula anticoncepcional" Impacto "pílula"

Corpora categorization We then assigned each URL to one of the 8 categories we defined in the first phase of the process.

A. Enciclopedias & How to's

F. Religious & other opponents

B. Medical & Health Informers

G. Drug Industries & Drug Stores

C. Istitutional Websites

H. Women Forums and Magazines

E. Mass Media & Web Portals

Z. Others

43

2.2 Actors categories

After collecting the corpus for each nation and manually dividing it into the 8 categories of actors, we looked into how the categories were present in the different queries for each nation. This allowed us to better understand the information we would have later derived from the semantic analysis.

What we can first notice when looking at the different composition of the corpora is that Spain is the only country where Women websites are the most preminent category (even more than medical informers) and the relevant role of religious websites and drug industries in Italy.

If we give a closer look we can see how category A (Encyclopedias & How To's) never appears for the query "the pill benefits" in Italy. This means that generally trusthworthy websites like Wikepedia hardly show up in results on google.it when users are looking for information about the benefits of the contraceptive pill.

On the other side, in Spain, we can observe how Media are very active for the query "The Pill Risks" - and this, linked with the findings of the Qualitative Analysis of Category E. (pag. 52) could be one of the factor influencing its low adoption rate of the pill.

Colours guide A. Enciclopedias & How To's B. Medical & Health Informers C. Istitutional Websites E. Mass Media & Web Portals F. Religious and other opponents G. Drug Industries and drug stores H. Women Forums and Magazines Z. Others BENEFITS THE PILL IMPACT RISKS SIDE EFFECTS category color * queries

44 Report

Spain

10 11 19 78

79

84

Portugal

Italy

82

56

53

8 36

48

3 14

12

37

28

60

45

Finally, we can notice how category H (Women Forums and Magazines) have a more balanced presence in Portugal rather than in Italy and in Spain where it's easy to see how the pill's side-effects and the pill's risks are the leading queries for this category.

82

56

53

37

46 Report

Consideration on other categories at this stage of research may not be very meaningful, because of the scarce amount of URLs collected.

ja .

ve

fe m

Italy Italy Italy

al al fe fe m m m m m anin an in in sw swile. sw ile. ile. c er er o er co co .y .m . m m ah yah yah fo fooo fo oo oo r r .c ru .c .c sp su sp um az pm az.a az .oamm.a om om io iom io m m gi gia gi a a ov on o n n an vadno van do do i.a i..it i. .it .it us aus aus l.p l.p l.p r. r. r. it it it ita itame ita me me lia liadi lia di di sa sacit sa cit cit lu lual lu al al te t ia t ia ia .le e.le.it e.le .it .it on on on ar ar ar do do do .it .it .it d d in inoc in oc doc er ert er t t bo boor bo or or la laris la rji.sch ris j.ch j.ch pi pi te pi te te llo llori llo ri ri la laa.c la a.c a.c se se o se o o nz nm n m m ap zap zap ill ill ill ol ol ol a a a ok ok.it ok .it .it -s -s -s al al al un unut un ut ut iv ive.i iv e.i e.i er er t er t t so so so nl nl nl vi viine vi ine ine ta ta .i ta .i .i di dit di t t do d d nn onn onn a. a. a. co co co it it it nt nt nt ra r r cc acc acc ez ez121 ez 121 121 d d io i di ne oneocone oc oc fe fe .it fe .it .it m m m m m m in i i ile nile nile eu eu.it eu .it .it ro ro ro cl cl cl in in in ix ix sa sa e sa e iex. .it .it lu lu s. lu s. si.t te tew te w w -b -biki -b iki iki en enpe en pe pe es esdia es dia dia se se .o se .o .o re re rg re rg rg .e .e .e xc x x ite cite cite .o .o .o r rg rg g la l l dy ady adyre re re fe fe fepu pu pu rt rt rt b bb bb ili ili ilibl lic lic ty ty tyic .f .f .fa. a. a. or or orit it it um um um at at at tiv tiv tiv o. o. o. c c c uc ucom uc om om cr cr cr on on on lin lin lin e. e. e. it it it

al

an

an aanco an aco aco t tg t g g plico pl ico.orico .or .or an a n a ng n g g ne nnecepnne cep cep dp dpci dp ci ci ar aron ar on on en e .c e .c .cl sa sath sa nthl nth l lu lu oo lu oo oo d. d. d d. d d ao a .o a .o .o lla ollarg olla rg rg tin tin tin o. o. o. co co co m m m cc cc cc li. li. li. or or or g g g eu eu eu ro ro ro cl cl cl in in in ix ix ix .n .n .n e e e 12 12t 12 t t 1d 1d 1d oc oc oc .n .n .n es es eset et et .w .w .w ik ik ik ip ip ip ed ed ed ia ia ia .o .o .o rg r r ab ab ab g g ou ou ou t. t. t. co co co m m m pl

t rr err a. a. co co m m m bb bb bb c. c. c. co co co .u .u .u el elk el k k pa pa pa is is is . . . el elcomel com com m m m un un un do do do .c .c .c o o o rp rpm rp m m p. p. p. co co co m m m .e .e .e s s s

te

co

a.

rr

te

Spain Spain Spain

es en es en en . . ns anfsemans fem fem w w in w in in er er in er in in .y . . ah yaoh yah o o oo oo oo .c .c .c o o o lo lo m lo m m .p .pew .p ew ew ild ildeb ild eb eb or or .c or .c .c ay ayomay om om m m m es esuje es uje uje .p .pr.c .p r.c r.c ap ap o ap o o er erm er m m bl bl bl og og og .c . . om com com

.a

es

When collecting the national corpora, we noticed a strong presence of websites with more than one page in their corpus. We called those websites "clusters". They are especially important because of the large quantity of their appearences. This visualization shows all the websites with more than two pages in the corpora of the three nations.

te te te verra ve rra rra ja.c ja .c .c o . ab abm.ab om om ril ril ril .c . . om com com .b .b .b r r gi gi gri ne n n co eco eco . . . c c c al al o al o o e eme m m bl bl rtb-lo rt-o.brrt-o .br .br og og ng nl nl ue ue luine in in e. e. ira ira eir.ac sf sf sofm com com em em em in in in is is is ta ta ta s. s. s. co co co m m m

Portugal Portugal Portugal

m m eu eu an an ti ti on con con ce c c pc epc epc io i i na ona ona l.c l.c l.c tu tu omtu om om dr dras dr as as au auau au au au zi zi de zi de de ov o . o . . co co ar co vacr omvar com com pa pael pa el el ca cala. ca la. la. ba b co b co co na anam.ana m. m. ru rubr ru br br n n n sh shne sh ne ne be b ip b iprs ip rs rs be ebeiboebe ib.one ibo .ne .ne .b .bna .b nat na t t ol ol t ol t t sa s io s io io de aden.oade n.o n.o bl bl m bl mrg m rg rg og ogul og ul ul va vaher va her her le le .c le .c .c sa s o s o o ud audm aud m m e e. e. .c m m m un u uom com com do ndo nd.ob .b .b r r r m m m ul ul ul he he he re re re d ds d s s m mela m ela.co ela .co .co de de is de is m is m m m m.ig m .ig .ig ul ul .c ul .c .c he heomhe om om di dri.a di r.a .br.a .b .b ca cabr ca br r br r r sd s il s il il am da.cmo dam.co .co m m m ul ul .b ul .b .b h at ater at herr her r r re re.c re .c .c be bevi be vi om vi om om le leda le da .bda .b .b za za.u za .u r .u r r es eo e o o au salu.cosau l.co l.co de dem de m m .d . .b . .b .b ae daer dae r r .c . . om com com .b .b pt pt p.bt r r r .w .w .w ik ik ik ip ip ip e e e hy hd h d d pe ypiea.oype ia.o ia.o sc sc rg sc rg rg ie i i nc enc enc e. e. e. co co co m m m

tic

an

m eu

2.2.1 Actors Cluster

Quite curiously, the most recurrent website in Italy and Spain is the same: alfemminile.com/enfemenino.com - a female website whose pages (especially its forums) show up in a surprisingly high fashion. The appearences of this website greatly outnumber those of all that come after Italy and Spain, and compose an extremely significant part of the voices of category H in these two countries.

The situation in Portugal is quite different: clusters are considerably smaller and their number of pages is more homogenous.

Even more importantly, the most recurring website is meuanticoncepcional.com, a medical informer.

47

2.3 Semantic analysis In this stage of the process, we iterated the same stages we applied for the semantic analysis of the global corpus: we first got the list of "Health Conditions" entities from each country's corpus with Alchemy Api, we then cleaned it manually and with Google Refine, merging synonym and cleaning dirty data. We finally divided the entities in the two categories of benefits and side effects, following the same criteria of the general protocol. (Fig. 6)

The first result we produced is a series of issues rankings for each country divided by category of actors. This gave us a very deep and detailed level of information - as to which issue is most discussed by which category in which country but made it hard to grasp a comprehensive view of the differences of the discussion between the three countries.

(Fig.6)

Ranking ↘ Portugal

↘ Spain

↘ Italy

1. Trombose

1. Trombosis

1. Trombosi

2. Dor de Cabeça

2. Cáncer de Mama

2. Cancro al Seno

3. Cancro da Mama

3. Hiv

3. Vomito

4. Cancro do Ovario

4. Dolor de Cabeza

4. Mal di Testa

5. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis

5. Náusea

5. Diarrea

6. Depressao

6. Diarrea

6. Depressione

7. Anemia

7. Anemia

7. Ictus

8. Nauseas

8. Cáncer Cervical

8. Nausea

9. Hipertensao 10. Diabetes

9. Cáncer Endometrial 10. Diabetes

9. Disturbi Mestruali 10. Diabete

11. Endometriose

11. Accidente Cerebrovascular

11. Menopausa

12. Doenças Cardiovasculares

12. Infarto

12. Ipertensione

13. Amamentaçao

13. Hemorragia

13. Anemia

14. Varizes

14. Depresión

14. Malattie Cardiovascolari

15. Obesidade

15. Enfermedad Cardiovascular

15. Obesità

16. Hiv

16. Quiste

16. Cisti

17. Embolia Pulmonar

17. Hipertensión

17. Infarto

18. Gravidez Indesejada

18. Ets

18. Cellulite

19. Cisto

19. Papiloma Humano

19. Irsutismo

20. Ovario Policistico

20. Menopausia

20. Hiv

48 Report

Ranking ↘ Portugal

↘ Spain

↘ Italy

1. Trombose

1. Trombosis

1. Trombosi

2. Dor de Cabeça

2. Cáncer de Mama

2. Cancro al Seno

3. Cancro da Mama

3. Hiv

3. Vomito

4. Cancro do Ovario

4. Dolor de Cabeza

4. Mal di Testa

5. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis

5. Náusea

5. Diarrea

6. Depressao

6. Diarrea

6. Depressione

7. Anemia

7. Anemia

7. Ictus

8. Nauseas

8. Cáncer Cervical

8. Nausea

9. Hipertensao 10. Diabetes

9. Cáncer Endometrial 10. Diabetes

9. Disturbi Mestruali 10. Diabete

11. Endometriose

11. Accidente Cerebrovascular

11. Menopausa

12. Doenças Cardiovasculares

12. Infarto

12. Ipertensione

13. Amamentaçao

13. Hemorragia

13. Anemia

14. Varizes

14. Depresión

14. Malattie Cardiovascolari

15. Obesidade

15. Enfermedad Cardiovascular

15. Obesità

16. Hiv

16. Quiste

16. Cisti

17. Embolia Pulmonar

17. Hipertensión

17. Infarto

18. Gravidez Indesejada

18. Ets

18. Cellulite

19. Cisto

19. Papiloma Humano

19. Irsutismo

20. Ovario Policistico

20. Menopausia

20. Hiv

While thrombosis and breast cancer are the most talked about risks in all three of the selected countries, there are bizzarre differences in the ranking of other side effects and benefits.

49

As a consequence, we decided to further develop the division between benefits and side effects.

We created some kind of "risk assessment" level, that allowed us to cluster side effects according to their level of danger.

A more detailed explanation of this classification is avaiable in the appendix.

Benefits: Documented positive effects Low Risk: May cause light symptoms Medium Risk: May cause severe or injuring symptoms High Risk: May cause fatal symptoms

≥ This visualization shows how the actors involved in the discussion in Italy generally mention a lot more side effects with a low risk factor.

These are the less dangerous, but the more likely to happen on an everyday basis, and thus probably those that could more easily facilitate discontinuation in the use of the pill.

This is especially evident for the category of medical informers (see next page).

On the contrary, Portugal is the country where benefits are more often mentioned, followed by Spain, and then Italy.

We can infer that these findings are linked to the different rates of adoption of the pill in the three countries.

Ranking ↘ Portugal

↘ Spain

↘ Italy

1. Trombose

1. Trombosis

1. Trombosi

2. Dor de Cabeça

2. Cáncer de Mama

2. Cancro al Seno

3. Cancro da Mama

3. Hiv

3. Vomito

4. Cancro do Ovario

4. Dolor de Cabeza

4. Mal di Testa

5. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis

5. Náusea

5. Diarrea

6. Depressao

6. Diarrea

6. Depressione

7. Anemia

7. Anemia

7. Ictus

8. Nauseas

8. Cáncer Cervical

8. Nausea

9. Hipertensao 10. Diabetes

9. Disturbi Mestruali

9. Cáncer Endometrial 10. Diabetes

10. Diabete

11. Endometriose

11. Accidente Cerebrovascular

11. Menopausa

12. Doenças Cardiovasculares

12. Infarto

12. Ipertensione

13. Amamentaçao

13. Hemorragia

13. Anemia

14. Varizes

14. Depresión

14. Malattie Cardiovascolari

15. Obesidade

15. Enfermedad Cardiovascular

15. Obesità

16. Hiv

16. Quiste

16. Cisti

17. Embolia Pulmonar

17. Hipertensión

17. Infarto

18. Gravidez Indesejada

18. Ets

18. Cellulite

19. Cisto

19. Papiloma Humano

19. Irsutismo

20. Ovario Policistico

20. Menopausia

20. Hiv

High Risk Medium Risk

Low Risk Benefit

Triangle height = position ranking (20 points the first, 19 the second, … 1 the last word) * sum of the count of side effects associated with the same risk level.

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6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Portugal

Italy

Spain 51

Giving a closer look at how the different categories are speaking in each country, we can see for instance how category F (Religious and other opponents) seem to never mention benefits in Italy and Spain.

This category is especially present and densly networked in Italy, and could be one of the factors that influences the country low rate of use of the pill.

Category H (Female Websites and Forums) do a good job at pointing out benefits in Portugal, while they more heavily stress the commonly spread low risk side effects in Spain and Italy. This could be linked to the strong presence of clusters of forums like the Italian alfemminile.com and its Spanish counterpart enfeminino.com, and as we said in the comment of the previous visualization, a factor that could easily facilitate discontinuation in the use of the pill.

Mentions of benefits in Category G (Drug Industries and Online Pharmacies) are higher than those of side effects only in Portugal; In Italy and Spain they are considerably outnumbered by those of high risk side effects.

This visualization seem to confirm the general trends of categories we assessed in chapter 1, with differences in the three countries that reflect their different rates of use of the pill.

2000

A

B

C

1500

1000

500

0 1000

500

≼ The visualization presents a perspective of "risk assessment" in each Country through the categories. Every category is made of four overlapping triangles, indicating the level of high, medium, low risk terms, and benefits: the height is due to a calculation based on position ranking as well as to the count of each word.

High Risk Medium Risk

Low Risk Benefit

Triangle height = position ranking (20 points the first, 19 the second, ‌ 1 the last word) * sum of the count of side effects associated with the same risk level.

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0 1000

3790

2232

500

0

C

E

F

G

H

Z

Portugal

Spain

Italy

53

2.4 Qualitative Analysis of Media

When we started looking at the results of the semantic analysis, we feared it would not provide us with sufficient qualitative insight on the websites we collected, as it was very hard to make sense of the complex results we derived from Alchemy Api and especially to clearly estabilish which websites were in favour of or against the pill.

As a consequence, we decided to parallely proceed with a manual qualitative analysis on a segment of the corpus: news media.

One of the surprising findings of these phase of the research was that Italy is the country with the smaller percentage of negative articles about the pill. On the other hand, it is also the country where less articles on the topic appeared in the corpus, with 30 articles against 44 of Portugal and 52 of Spain. One less surprising result, was that, as we were expecting, Spain shows a higher percentage of negative articles than Portugal in its corpus.

We focused on category E because we thought it best mirrored what lies outside of the digital world, as media frequently share the same news in their online and offline platforms.

Doing this allowed us to partially tackle one of the weakest points of our digital methods based analysis: the fact that it is solely based on what is avaiable on the internet.

According to what we have found in the corpus we analyzed 30 websites for Italy, 44 for Portugal and 30 for Spain.

Having manually collected and categorized the national corpura, we felt there was something missing in this findings. We took then a second step: we calculated the average Alexa Traffic Rank 1 for the Positive-Neutral and Negative articles for each nations. The results were outstanding, and in line with our expectations. In Italy and Spain, the average ATR was considerably higher for negative articles than positive-neutral articles, while in Portugal positive-neutral articles ranked higher than negative ones.

Classification2 of articles per country and Average Alexa Ranking (ATR) 1765°

1284° 2686° 3346° 44%

26%

ITALY

38%

5606° 7562°

30 Articles

Spain 52 Articles

PORTUGAL 44 Articles

in favour or neutral contrary

Since no article examined praised the pill benefits without pointing out some of its side effects, we clustered the few positive articles with the neutral ones, to better contrast them with the clearly negative ones.

2

The traffic rank is based on three months of aggregated historical traffic data from millions of Alexa Toolbar users and is a combined measure of page views and users (reach).

1

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ITALY

1

SPAIN

PORTUGAL

4

2 1

Spot size is in proportion to the number of articles of the same web page found in the corpus.

article in favour or neutral article contrary

10

100

1.000 avg: 1284° avg: 1725° avg: 2684° avg: 3346° avg: 5606°

10.000

100.000

avg: 7762°

So that we could better handle the skewness towards large values (i.e.,the extremely low values of some articles in the graph) - this visualization uses a log scale (log10(x)).

Once assumed that this scale is not linear, it is easy to see how positive and neutral articles in Spain and Italy have a much lower ATR than in Portugal.

55

2.5 National Networks

ITALY 152 Nodes / 190 Edges The first thing we can notice in this figure is the high ammount of websites that belong to the category F (Religious and other opponents) right in the center-left of the map, and their dense network of connections. What surprised us, at a closer inspections, is that this is not a network of catholic websites, but rather an ensamble of green, antimedical, and environmental activists, that do not base their criticism on the pill much over faith and religious, but rather over strumental scientific ''facts'' and "pill scares" - as shown by the big amount of outgoing links towards drug industry websites such as Tevapharm.

Online farmacies such as 121doc and euroclinix have a prominent position in this map, sharing the biggest number of incoming connections together with the female-targeted blog babycomp-italia. blogspot.it.

Medical informers and Enciclopedias are rather uniformingly spread throughout the map, sometimes gathered in small clusters. This show a lack of dialogue based on reliable scientific information, and may be one of the clues connected to Italy's low adoption rate of the pill.

donnamoderna.c

m

macrolibrars

it.answers.yahoo.com

sceg

it.wikipedia.org/pillol

farmacoecura.it corriere.it

vi uccronline.it

dolceattesa.rcs.it

saperidoc.it

ok-salute.it lastampa.it

m

d.repubblica.it

A. Enciclopedias & How to's B. Medical & Health Informers C. Istitutional Websites E. Mass Media & Web Portals F. Religious and other opponents G. Drug Industries and drug stores H. Women Forums and Magazines Z. Others

corpus url bridge url bridge link direct link

unclassifiable

Note: for information about how these maps were built see page 26.

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takecareblog.i

aogoi.it viveremeglio.it spazioinwind.libero.it clicktocare.it webalice.it

com

ladyfertility.forumattivo.com esseredonnaonline.it

lacoppettamestruale.forumattivo.com

deabyday.tv

sapere.it benessere.guidone.it tgcom24.mediaset.it anagen.net guida-pillola-anticoncezionale.tumblr.com

121doc.it

dokteronline.com

macroedizioni.it viviconsapevole.it euroclinix.it scienzaeconoscenza.it

si.it

tevapharm.com babycomp-italia.blogspot.it ciao.it

disinformazione.it

pourfemme.it

forum.amando.it

stampalibera.com

laleva.org

amando.it

informarmy.com

glitu.it marieclaire.it brucialanotizia.it

la_anticoncezionale vitaincoppiablog.blogspot.it

illaico.it ema.europa.eu

freeskipper.blogspot.it italiasalute.it

itadidonna.it

my-personaltrainer.it

community.girlpower.it

it.paperblog.com italiasalute.leonardo.it

informarexresistere.fr

benesserevillage.it

forum.pianetamamma.it girlpower.it

medicitalia.it

yourself.it

iljournal.it

mondobenessereblog.com universonline.it

stetoscopio.net

medicinalive.com

forumsalute.it

57

SPAIN 1 173 Nodes / 115 Edges The network we derived out of the Spanish corpus is the least connected of the three, with only 115 Edges on 173 nodes. This may be the sign of a lack of discussion and reliable information, but also just a consequence of Spanish being spoken in more countries than Portugal and Italian, thus producing a more diverse and scattered array of websites when googled. What is evident, though, is that News media seem to be the most trusted source of information in this network, and as highlighted in chapter 2.4. Spain is the country whose news depict the most negative image of the pill.

The second most prominent category is, quite surprisingly, the Istitutional one.

But websites belonging to this category (cancer.gov, hhs.gov, nlm.nih.gov) are American websites, and not Spanish.

Comparing this map to Italy, the role of Religious and other opponents is much less important (they almost do not appear in the network) while Medical informers have a slightly more solid network and a bigger relevance.

A. Enciclopedias & How to's B. Medical & Health Informers C. Istitutional Websites E. Mass Media & Web Portals F. Religious and other opponents G. Drug Industries and drug stores H. Women Forums and Magazines Z. Others

te

umm.edu

ehowenesp

corpus url bridge url bridge link direct link

unclassifiable

A more appropriate title would be Hispanophone Actors Network, as Spanish queries entered on google.es may return results that belongs to other Spanish speaking countries like Argentina or Mexico.

1

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revistabuenasalud.cl

salud.es bayer.com.uy latercera.com

erra.com terra.es

saludreproductiva.about.com

serpadres.es

ciencias.jornada.com.mx

gomeraverde.es

elmundo.es

bbc.co.uk

eltiempo.com wordpress.eldedoenlallaga.com

sportlife.es

cdc.gov ensalud.com.do bbc.co.uk nlm.nih.gov

hhs.gov

acog.org med.nyu.edu bidmc.org

uniradioinforma.com

valle36.es efectotequila.com

cancer.gov

panol.com

fda.gov

hoy.es

nih.gov

geosalud.com salud.aollatino.com netmoms.es

plannedparenthood.org

abc.es

consumer.es

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

20minutos.es

esmas.com

elpais.com

es.wikipedia.org

pepipalo.blogspot.it

arrakis.es

globedia.com saludintegraldelamujer.com impactousa.com

mayoressaludables.org

youngwomenshealth.org

es.euroclinix.net es.paperblog.com

centroclinicobetanzos60.blogspot.it medico.com

blogdefarmacia.com

es.121doc.net

draviladetomas.wordpress.com onmeda.es enfemenino.com

notifam.net tonibandin.wordpress.com aciprensa.com

59

PORTUGAL 1 215 Nodes / 280 Edges mundomulheres.com

When comparing the network of Portugal with those of Italy and Spain, the first thing we can notice is that, unlike the other two, there seem to be no website that is significantly bigger, and consequently more important in the discussion, than the others. The authority is rather evenly spread out, and we believe this lack of a strong central authority might actually encourage portuguese women to research information more thoroughly, and therefore to make more conscious and informed choices. Extremely biased websites such as those beloning to category F (Religious and other opponents) and G (Drug Industries and Online Farmacies) do not have much relevance inside the network,with only threewebsite from category F appearing in the network and being very scarsely connected between themselves, and with other websites. News media on the other hand seem to have a special place in the network, as at least one of them appears in almost every cluster.

If we consider that, out the three countries we choose as examples, Portugal is the one whose media are less prone to "pill scares" (chapter 2.4) - this could be an explanation of the extraordinarly high adoption rate of the pill in Portugal.

istoe.com.br

terra.com.br

mundoeducac

mulher.sapo.pt linhasexologia.blogs.sapo.pt publico.pt

A. Enciclopedias & How to's B. Medical & Health Informers C. Istitutional Websites E. Mass Media & Web Portals F. Religious and other opponents G. Drug Industries and drug stores H. Women Forums and Magazines Z. Others

corpus url bridge url bridge link direct link

unclassifiable

arcauniversa

dicafeminina.com dicasdamulher.com.br doisneuronios.com.br dicasdoprofessor.com.br

1

Or Lusophone Actors Network (see note on page 58).

portalaz.com.br donagiraffa.com corposaun.com

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boaforma.abril.com.br veja.abril.com.br mdemulher.abril.com.br

pamela1.loveblog.com.br campistabya.spaceblog.com.br acidigital.com gineco.com.br promotoresdavida.org.br

epistemonikos.org

hypescience.com delas.ig.com.br revistashape.uol.com.br

tuasaude.com papofeminino.uol.com.br minhavida.com.br pt.wikipedia.org saudemedicina.com

jovempan.uol.com.br

www1.folha.uol.com.br

ebah.com.br casasaudavel.com.br blogueirasfeministas.com

noticias.uol.com.br

parana-online.com.br drauziovarella.com.br

copacabanarunners.net www2.uol.com.br

mulheralternativa.net

curapelanatureza.blogspot.it tvg.globo.com

revistavivasaude.uol.com.br

cienciahoje.uol.com.br

atrevida.uol.com.br livredaendometriose.blogspot.it

revistabellanoiva.com.br gnt.globo.com

cao.com.br

revistaepoca.globo.com

corpoacorpo.uol.com.br ebc.com.br

divirta-se.uai.com.br

impossivelpulso.blogspot.it brasilescola.com

nadafragil.com.br

metodoscontraceptivos.net euroclinix.com.pt

instantaneaequilibrio.blogspot.it

cristianaarcangeli.com.br noticias.r7.com

al.com

61

Conclusions

"How is the online discussion about the side effects of the pill influencing or reflecting its usage rate?"

We started our research with this question in mind.

In order to give it an answer, we first had to understand who on the internet is talking about the contracceptive pill and in which terms.

Most of our findings in this chapter were in line with our expectations. As we were expecting, for instance, the vast majority (about 40%) of the google.com results for general queries linked to the pill belongs to medical informers, while religious websites appear in significant fewer quantities, and mainly for negative queries such as "risks" and "impact".

Encyclopedias and Medical informers seem to provide the most balanced information on the topic, while forseeably, Religious Websites are the category that most stresses potential risks - and some with almost no medical record over benefits.

Drug Industry websites do not talk often about the most common side effects of the pill, like headaches, but they clearly state what are the most dangerous (and uncommon) risks link to its use. If this behaviour seem to suggest that they are, comprehensibly, interested in selling their products, it is quite surprising on the other hand how they do not seem much interested in pointing out which are the benefits of the pill.

In the second chapter we applied a slightly edited version of the same protocol to three specifical cases: Italy, Portugal and Spain. This choice was lead by our will to

62 Report

discover if and how the online debate can influence the pill's adoption rate in a specific context. For this reason we chose three countries with a similar language and socio-cultural status, but with very different adoption rates.

The outcomes of our research suggest the existence of a certain link between the two phenomena. To mention a few of the results: Portugal, the country with the highest adoption rate, is where the pill's benefits are more mentioned. In Spain and Italy, that have a much lower usage rate, there is a higher enphasis on side effects and risks linked to the use of the pill.

Another factor that we believe might influence the discussion is the presence of big clusters of (dis) information such as female forums like the italian alfemminile.com and its spanish counterpart enfeminino. com. These websites tend to stress the most common (and hence bothering) side effects of they pill, and provide unregolated advices without any kind of medical supervision. No cluster of these websites is present in the Portuguese corpus.

We have to acknowledge that, with the only use of Digital Methods, it is hard to give a precise and univocal answer to our original question. The choice of contraception is a complex decision-making process that is influenced by a woman's contraceptive goals, methods' avaiability, education and personal beliefs. The information avaiable on the internet can only contributes in shaping a woman's ideas and convictions in a small percentage.

We believe though that this influence is subject to an esponential growth with time, and thus justifies the methods we used and the points we made so far in our report. While it is hard to estabilish the exact nature of the link between the discussion and adoption rate, its existance is undeniable, and we believe further studies on this subject are worth to be pursued, and may be very useful for all the stakeholders involved in the debate.

63

APPENDIX

• Glossary • Classification References

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Translation of most common Health Conditions

ENGLISH Aids Anemia Aura Breast Cancer Breastfeeding Cervical Cancer Cyst Depression Diabetes Diarrhea Ectopic Pregnancy Endometrial Cancer Endometriosis Headache Heart Attack Heart Disease Hepatic Adenoma High Blood Pressure Hiv Hirsutism Menopause Menstrual Disorders Nausea Obesity Ovarian Cancer Polycistic Ovary Pulmonary Embolism Pregnancy Std Stroke Thrombosis Tumors Varicose Veins Vomiting

SPANISH

PORTUGUESE

ITALIAN

Aids

Aids

Aids

Anemia

Anemia

Anemia

Aura

Aura

Aura

Cáncer de Mama

Cancro da Mama

Cancro Al Seno

Lactancia

Amamentaçao

Allattamento

Cáncer Cervical

Cancro Cervical

Cancro Cervicale

Quiste

Cisto

Cisti

Depresión

Depressão

Depressione

Diabetes

Diabetes

Diabete

Diarrea

Diarréia

Diarrea

Embarazo Ectópico

Gravidez Ectópica

Gravidanza Ectopica

Cáncer de Endometrio

Cancro Endometrial

Cancro Endometriale

Endometriosis

Endometriose

Endometriosi

Dolor de Cabeza

Dor de Cabeça

Mal Di Testa

Infarto

Ataque Cardíaco

Infarto

Enfermedad Cardiovascular

Doenças Cardiovasculares

Malattie Cardiovascolari

Adenoma Hepático

Hepatoadenoma

Adenoma Epatico

Hipertensión

Hipertensao

Ipertensione

Hiv

Hiv

Hiv

Hirsutismo

Hirsutismo

Irsutismo

Menopausia

Menopausa

Menopausa

Desórdenes Menstruales

Distúrbios Menstruais

Disturbi Mestruali

Náusea

Náuseas

Nausea

Obesidad

Obesidade

Obesità

Cáncer de Ovario

Câncro do Ovário

Cancro Ovarico

Ovario Poliquístico

Ovario Policistico

Ovario Policistico

Tromboembolismo Pulmonar

Embolia Pulmonar

Embolia Polmonare

Embarazo

Gravidez

Gravidanza

Ets

Doenças Sex. Transmissiveis

Mts

Accidente Cerebrovascular

Acidente Vascular Cerebral

Ictus

Trombosis

Trombose

Trombosi

Tumores

Tumores

Tumore

Venas Varicosas

Varizes

Vene Varicose

Vómitos

Vómitos

Vomito

67

Classification References The following list of Health Conditions only represents a small fraction of all those we met during our research.

We here listed the most frequently met of these entities, along with an extract of a paper (or article) that represents,

according to our personal judgment, the most accepted on position of the scientific community on the subject, and hence the reason of our classification in the different level of risk.

AIDS ••• "Hormonal contraceptives increase almost all known risk factors for HIV infection. Studies have found that hormonal contraceptives “alter the microenvironment of the female” and boost the cell count of those specific cells that HIV uses to infect and proliferate (HIV co-receptor CCR5 in cervical CD4+ T lymphocytes). (…) What is more, a progesterone side effect known to American women as “breakthrough bleeding,” is caused when hormonal contraceptives excessively thicken the uterine lining. The large, bleeding surface of the uterus creates an ideal site for HIV infection."

BREAST CANCER ••• "An analysis of the occurrence of breast cancer in this longterm prospective cohort study shows a significant relative risk (RR) in women who have ever used oral contraceptives (OC) of 3.33 in women age 30 to 34 years at diagnosis and an RR of 5.88 (P = 0.0011) in women who were parity 1 at the time of diagnosis."

"THE PILL'S DEADLY AFFAIR WITH HIV/AIDS." Population Research Institute. http://www.pop.org/content/thepills-deadly-affair-with-hivaids-1199

BREASTFEEDING •• "The ordinary combined pill that contains both oestrogen and progestogen has a tendency to interfere with lactation and therefore breastfeeding.

For that reason it is not recommended during breastfeeding or for up to six months after the birth."

ANEMIA o "The health benefits are numerous and outweigh the risks of their use. definitive evidence exists for protection against ovarian and endometrial cancers, benign breast disease, pelvic inflammatory disease requiring hospitalization, and iron-deficiency anemia."

Dayal, Molina, and Kurt T. Barnhart. "NONCONTRACEPTIVE BENEFITS AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF THE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILL." Thieme E-Journals. 2001. https://www.thieme-connect.com/ ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2001-18637

AURA • "Caution should be exercised in Oral Contraceptives (OCs) use by women who have migraine with aura, especially older women and those who have other stroke risk factors.

Pill use should be strongly discouraged in women who have a migraine aura beyond the ordinary or who develop new aura symptoms while taking OCs." Becker, WJ. "Europe PubMed Central." Use of oral contraceptives in patients with migraine. 1999. http://europepmc.org/abstract/ MED/10487509/reload=0;jsessionid=SungQhB5DjDCcZderm9O.16 68 Report

Kay, C. R., and P. C. Hannaford. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. 09 Apr. 2006. U.S. National Library of Medicine. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246833/

"CAN MY WIFE TAKE THE PILL WHILE BREASTFEEDING?"Netdoctor. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/pregnancyandchildbirth/204349.html

CERVICAL CANCER ••• "To evaluate the relationship between use of oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer, a casecontrol study involving 479 patients and 789 population controls was undertaken in 5 geographic regions of the US. It revealed an RR of 1.5 overall, with long-term users (5 or more years) being at a 2-fold higher risk than non-users.

In addition, there was some evidence that pill associations were most pronounced among women who had never used barrier methods of contraception or who had histories of genital infections, suggesting that oral contraceptives may act as co-carcinogens with transmisible agents."

Louise, Brinton, Huggins George, and Lehman Herman. "LONGTERM USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND RISK OF INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER." International Journal of Cancer. 2006. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.2910380307/abstract

CYST o "Birth control pills can be used to treat women who have recurrent ovarian cysts with their menstrual cycles.

Women who use high-dose estrogen and progestin birth control pills have a modestly decreased risk of developing functional ovarian cysts. Low-dose birth control pills seem to have a less preventive effect."

Holt VL, et al. "ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, TUBAL STERILIZATION, AND FUNCTIONAL OVARIAN CYST RISK." Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008 http://women.webmd.com/birth-control-pillsfor-ovarian-cysts

DEPRESSION • "There are surprisingly few large studies investigating depression related to oral contraceptive use. A pilot study was conducted showing that women using the combined oral contraceptive pill were significantly more depressed than a matched group who were not."

Kulkarni, Jayashri. "EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY." depression as a side effect of the contraceptive pill, , Informa Healthcare. 2007. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1517/14740338.6.4.371

DIABETES •• "Although it has been shown that in some women glucose tolerance deteriorates when they use oral contraceptives, there is uncertainty about the clinical importance of these changes. In particular, do they predispose users of the contraceptive pill to an increased risk of clinical diabetes mellitus? An earlier report suggested that pill users were not at risk. It has been argued, however, that an increased risk may become apparent only after prolonged observations of women who have used the pill for long periods of time."

P. C. Hannaford and C. R. Kay. "ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND DIABETES MELLITUS." 2003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC1838170

DIARRHEA • "Oral contraceptives may cause side effects, such as diarrhea. If you vomit or have diarrhea while you are taking an oral contraceptive, call your doctor to find out how long you should use the backup method because you may need to use a backup method of birth control."

"DIARRHEA & BIRTH CONTROL PILL?" Ehealth Birth Control Forum. http://ehealthforum.com/health/diarrhea-birth-control-pillt159501-a1.html

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY •• "Recently, we published a systematic review on the postfertilization effects of oral contraceptives,(2) in which we reviewed data indicating that the ratio of extrauterine to intrauterine pregnancies is increased for women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and progestin-only pills (POPs), when compared to control groups of pregnant women not using oral contraceptives (OCs)."

Larimore, Walter L. "ECTOPIC PREGNANCY." Association between the birth control pill and ectopic pregnancy. http://www.bmj.com/ rapid-response/2011/10/28/association-between-birth-controlpill-and-ectopic-pregnancy

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER o "The health benefits are numerous and outweigh the risks of their use. definitive evidence exists for protection against ovarian and endometrial cancers, benign breast disease, pelvic inflammatory disease requiring hospitalization, and iron-deficiency anemia."

Dayal, Molina, and Kurt T. Barnhart. "NONCONTRACEPTIVE BENEFITS AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF THE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILL." Thieme E-Journals. 2001. https://www.thieme-connect.com/ ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2001-18637

ENDOMETRIOSIS o "Birth control pills are the first-choice treatment for controlling endometriosis growth and pain. This is because birth control hormones are the hormone therapy that is least likely to cause bad side effects. For this reason, they can be used for years, while other hormone therapies can only be used for several months to 2 years.

Birth control pills can also be used to stop or further slow endometriosis growths after endometriosis surgery."

"ENDOMETRIOSIS HEALTH CENTER." Birth control pills for endometriosis. http://women.webmd.com/endometriosis/birthcontrol-pills-for-endometriosis 69

HEADACHE • "Many factors contribute to headaches for both men and women, including family history and age. Women, however, often notice a relationship between headaches and hormonal changes.

The hormones estrogen (ES-truh-jen) and progesterone (pro-JES-tuh-rohn) — which play key roles in regulating the menstrual cycle and pregnancy — may affect headache-related chemicals in the brain. Steady estrogen levels may improve headaches, while estrogen levels that lower or change can make headaches worse."

Staff, Mayo Clinic. "HEADACHES AND HORMONES: WHAT'S THE CONNECTION?" Mayo Clinic. 13 Nov. 2012. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. http:// www.mayoclinic.com/health/headaches/HE00003 HEART ATTACK ••• "Researchers from Ghent University in Belgium looked at 1,301 apparently healthy women between the ages of 25 and 55 who had previously used oral contraceptives, half of whom used them for 13 years or more. What they said they found was that women who had used the pills had an unexpected increase in the presence of artery-clogging plaque in key blood vessels supplying the brain and legs."

Childs, dan. "HEART DOCS DEBATE BIRTH CONTROL LINK TO HEART ILLS." ABC News. 06 Nov. 2007. ABC News Network. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/CardiacHealth/ story?id=3826856 HEART DISEASES •• "Researchers reported at a recent American Heart Association meeting that long-term use of birth control pills was linked to increased plaque build-up in the neck and legs. Ultrasound measurements were taken on the carotid and femoral arteries of 1301 women who either were taking or had taken oral contraceptives. The researchers conclude that for every 10 years a woman takes oral contraceptives, the risk of accumulating plaque on these arteries increased by 20-30%. Studies have continually found birth control pills to be dangerous, increasing the risks of many forms of cancer and heart disease."

Popper, Pam. "BIRTH CONTROL PILLS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE" T. Colin Campbell Foundation. http://www.tcolincampbell.org/courses-resources/article/ birth-control-pills-and-cardiovascular-disease/?tx_ ttnews[backPid]=76

70 Report

HEPATIC ADENOMA ••• "Hepatic adenomas are a rare, but well defined complication of long term use of oral contraceptives. (…)

The association of contraceptive use and hepatic adenomas has been made both epidemiologically and clinically, the clinical evidence being supported by the rarity of this tumor before the introduction of oral contraceptives and the spontaneous resolution or shrinkage of the tumors upon withdrawal of the pill, as in this case. " Steinbrecher, UP, and R. Lisbona. "RESULT FILTERS." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/6271517 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE •• "Hypertension appeared in 10 of 56 previously normotensive women and was aggravated in one of six previously hypertensive women during administration of an estrogen-containing oral contraceptive.

Reninangiotensin system studies revealed an increase in plasma renin activity which could be attributed in part to an estrogen-induced increase in the substrate upon which the enzyme acts."

Saruta, Takao, and Saade, Guillermo. "A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES" http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/ article.aspx?articleid=577270> HIV ••• Also see AIDS. HIRSUTISM • "Most OCs contain testosterone-derived progestins, with the exception of drospirenone, which is a new progestin derived from 17 spirolac-tone with pharmacology resembling that of endogenous progesterone. These progestin compounds were proposed to aggravate acne, hirsutism, or AGA by increased intrinsic androgenic effect."

Pitashny, Milena, and Martinez de Morentin Helena "ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: THEIR MODE OF ACTION AND DERMATOLOGIC APPLICATIONS" - 2004. http://www. medscape.com/viewarticle/502371_5>

MENOPAUSE o "As a woman begins to experience symptoms related to perimenopause (the beginning phase of menopause when she is still having periods but experiencing symptoms such as menstrual changes, hot flashes and vaginal dryness), she is often surprised when given the option of a low dose birth control pill. It is an easy method to reduce perimenopausal symptoms while providing many other health benefits."

Gould, Julie. "STLTODAY.COM." STLtoday.com. 01 dec. 2010. http://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/health-med-fit/fitness/ birth-control-pills-can-help-users-in-early-stages-of/ article_0bfdf53a-730d-5732-8a9b-a1cf0ca863ff.html MENSTRUAL DISORDERS •• "Medicines, such as birth control pills, sometimes cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. You may have minor bleeding between periods during the first few months if you have recently started using birth control pills. You also may have bleeding if you do not take your pills at a regular time each day."

"WOMEN'S HEALTH." Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding and Spotting Between Periods. http://women.webmd.com/tc/ abnormal-vaginal-bleeding-topic-overview NAUSEA • "One of the most common side effects is nausea and vomiting and unfortunately there is very little that you can do to stop it, but there are a few helpful remedies to ease the discomfort."

Rella, Jack. "HOW TO STOP NAUSEA CAUSED BY BIRTH CONTROL." EHow. 26 May 2009. demand Media. http://www.ehow.com/ how_5050414_stop-nausea-caused-birth-control.html OBESITY •• "Researchers looked at seven studies that investigated hormonal birth control and pregnancy outcomes in nearly 40,000 women. They found evidence in four of the studies suggesting that heavier women are more likely than healthyweight women to become pregnant while on birth control pills. Three studies looked specifically at the link between BMI and a higher risk of becoming pregnant while using hormone-based birth control; one of those found overweight and obese women and a greater likelihood of pregnancy while using the pill than women who weighed less."

Zerbe, Leah. "OBESITY MAY LEAD TO UNEXPECTED PREGNANCY." Rodale. http://www.rodale.com/birth-control-effectiveness

OVARIAN CANCER o "The health benefits are numerous and outweigh the risks of their use. definitive evidence exists for protection against ovarian and endometrial cancers, benign breast disease, pelvic inflammatory disease requiring hospitalization,and iron-deficiency anemia. " Dayal, Molina, and Kurt T. Barnhart. "NONCONTRACEPTIVE BENEFITS AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF THE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILL." Thieme E-Journals. 2001. https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/ abstract/10.1055/s-2001-18637 POLYCISTIC OVARY o "One of the most common symptoms of PCOS is irregular menstrual periods. (...)Taking the birth control regulates your menstrual cycle by providing the progesterone that your body needs, causing the uterine lining to be shed frequently and reducing the risk of endometrial hyperplasia."

V.A., "TAKING THE PILL FOR PCOS." About.com. http://pcos.about.com/od/pcos101/a/ocp.htm PULMONARY EMBOLISM ••• "In a national case-control study of fatal pulmonary embolism in New Zealand women of childbearing age, we estimated that current users of combined oral contraceptives had a relative risk of 9·6 (95% CI 3·1–29·1).

From national distribution data, the absolute risk of death from pulmonary embolism in current users was estimated to be 10·5 per million woman-years."

Parkin, Lianne, and david Skegg. "ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND FATAL PULMONARY EMBOLISM." 2000. department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Ontario. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0140673600023825 PREGNANCY •• "Two hundred and nine inadvertent pregnancies in oral contraceptive users were studied to determine the associated factors. We found that the classically-suggested cofactors, such as missed pills, late pills, drug ingestion, and gastrointestinal upsets were reported commonly. The triphasic Pills also were represented more frequently than would have been expected from their share of the market."

Kovacs, GT, and G. Riddoch. "RESULT FILTERS." National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2001. U.S. National Library of Medicine. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/2716563 71

STDs ••• "Hormonal methods of birth control, such as depo-Provera (the shot), the patch, and oral contraceptives, can actually increase your chances of getting an STD from your partner if he is infected. depo-provera will supress the immune system, and hormonal methods can make the reproductive tract more vulnerable to infections like HIV and chlamydia."

"UNDERSTANDING YOUR RISKS." STD Prevention and Birth Control. http://www.contracept.org/stds.php

VOMITING • One of the most common side effects is nausea and vomiting and unfortunately there is very little that you can do to stop it, but there are a few helpful remedies to ease the discomfort.

Rella, Jack. "HOW TO STOP NAUSEA CAUSED BY BIRTH CONTROL." EHow. 26 May 2009. demand Media. http://www.ehow.com/how_5050414_stop-nausea-causedbirth-control.html

STROKE ••• "A nested case-control analysis of data collected during the prospective Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study was performed to examine the relation between use of oral contraception and risk of stroke. (…) Current users of oral contraceptives appeared to be at increased risk of stroke. There is some evidence that former users may also have a persisting effect, although further research is needed to confirm these observations."

Hannaford, PC, and PR Croft. "ORAL CONTRACEPTION AND STROKE. EVIDENCE FROM THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS' ORAL CONTRACEPTION STUDY." Oral contraception and stroke. Evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study.

2001. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/25/5/935.short THROMBOSIS (Deep Vein) ••• "The birth control pill contains different forms of the female hormones estrogen and progestin. Estrogen increases the risk of deep Vein Thrombosiss by increasing the production of certain chemicals necessary for the blood to clot. It also increases platelet numbers and the stickiness of platelets, which increases clot formation."

"THE PILL AND DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS: WHAT'S THE CONNECTION?" C-Health. http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_ section_details.asp?text_id=3198> VARICOSE VEINS • "The hormonal changes that occur during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, as well as taking estrogen, progesterone, and birth control pills can cause a woman to develop varicose veins or spider veins."

"VARICOSE VEINS - SPIDER VEINS." About.com Women's Health. http://womenshealth.about.com/cs/varicoseveins/a/ varicosespiderv.htm

72 Report

Risk Assessment Procedure In order to understand how the different categories are talking about the pill in each nation, in chapter (2.3) we manually clustered health conditions for risk level.

This was defined manially, by pondering on the reported danger of the hazard. o Benefit: documented positive effects • Low Risk: May cause light symptoms •• Medium Risk: May cause severe or injuring symptoms ••• High Risk: May cause fatal symptoms

National Rankings of Health Conditions

Legend → Benefit Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk

73

Portugal TOTAL

A - Encyclopedias & How To's

1. Trombose 2. Dor de Cabeça 3. Cancro da Mama 4. Cancro do Ovario 5. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 6. Depressao 7. Anemia 8. Nauseas 9. Hipertensao 10. Diabetes 11. Endometriose 12. Doenças Cardiovasculares 13. Amamentaçao 14. Varizes 15. Obesidade 16. Hiv 17. Embolia Pulmonar 18. Gravidez Indesejada 19. Cisto 20. Ovario Policistico

1. Trombose 2. Dor de Cabeça 3. Embolia Pulmonar 4. Doenças Cardiovasculares 5. Cancro da Mama 6. Diarreia 7. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 8. Depressao 9. Nauseas 10. Hipertensao 11. Obesidade 12. Cisto 13. Ataque Cardiaco 14. Cancro do Endometrio 15. Hipercolesterolemia 16. Anemia 17. Endometriose 18. Gravidez Ectopica 19. Doença Cardiaca 20. Dismenorreia

E - Mass Media & Web Portals

F - Religious & Other Opponents

1. Trombose 2. Cancro da Mama 3. Cancro do Ovario 4. Diabetes 5. Hipertensao 6. Endometriose 7. Obesidade 8. Cisto 9. Dor de Cabeça 10. Depressao 11. Infarto 12. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 13. Amamentaçao 14. Nauseas 15. Doença Cardiaca 16. Gravidez Indesejada 17. Artrite 18. Cancro do Colo 19. Doenças Cardiovasculares 20. Menopausa

1. Trombose 2. Trombofilia 3. Embolia Pulmonar 4. Gravidez Indesejada 5. Dor de Cabeça 6. Hipertensao 7. Candidiase 8. Obesidade 9. Menopausa 10. Gastrite 11. Anemia 12. Tuberculose 13. Varizes 14. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 15. Nauseas 16. Doenças Cardiovasculares 17. Diarreia 18. Dismenorreia 19. Tromboflebite 20. Hiv

74 Report

B - Medical & Health Informers

C - Istitutional Websites

1. Dor de Cabeça 2. Trombose 3. Cancro da Mama 4. Amamentaçao 5. Depressao 6. Doenças Cardiovasculares 7. Nauseas 8. Hiv 9. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 10. Cancro do Ovario 11. Osteoporose 12. Ataque Cardiaco 13. Osteopenia 14. Anemia 15. Menopausa 16. Diabetes 17. Embolia Pulmonar 18. Endometriose 19. Doenças Cardiacas 20. Varizes

1. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 2. Anemia 3. Amamentaçao 4. Hiv 5. Cancro do Ovario 6. Hemorragia 7. Dor de Cabeça 8. Diabetes 9. Hipertensao 10. Doenças Hepaticas 11. Doenças Tromboembolicas

G - Drug Industries & Drug Stores

H - Women Forums and Magazines

1. Cisto 2. Hiv 3. Cancro do Ovario 4. Endometriose 5. Dor de Cabeça 6. Cancro da Mama 7. Anemia 8. Hirsutismo 9. Doença Inflamatoria Pelvica 10. Doenças Cardiovasculares 11. Obesidade 12. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 13. Depressao 14. Cancro do Endometrio 15. Gravidez Ectopica 16. Doença Cardiaca 17. Infarto 18. Artrite 19. Estrias 20. Cancer de Utero

1. Trombose 2. Dor de Cabeça 3. Cancro do Ovario 4. Varizes 5. Cancro da Mama 6. Anemia 7. Obesidade 8. Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis 9. Nauseas 10. Diabetes 11. Ovario Policistico 12. Depressao 13. Hipertensao 14. Endometriose 15. Hirsutismo 16. Gravidez Indesejada 17. Cisto 18. Gravidez Ectopica 19. Infarto 20. Epilepsia

75

Spain TOTAL

A - Encyclopedias & How To's

1. Trombosis 2. Cáncer de Mama 3. Hiv 4. Dolor de Cabeza 5. Náusea 6. Diarrea 7. Anemia 8. Cáncer Cervical 9. Cáncer Endometrial 10. Diabetes 11. Accidente Cerebrovascular 12. Infarto 13. Hemorragia 14. Depresión 15. Enfermedad Cardiovascular 16. Quiste 17. Hipertensión 18. Ets 19. Papiloma Humano 20. Menopausia

1. Cáncer de Mama 2. Hiv 3. Dolor de Cabeza 4. Diarrea 5. Trombosis 6. Depresión 7. Hirsutismo 8. Irritabilidad 9. Náusea 10. Anemia 11. Hemorragia 12. Ets 13. Osteoporosis 14. Fatiga 15. Estrenimiento 16. Insomnio

E - Mass Media & Web Portals

F - Religious & Other Opponents

1. Hiv 2. Trombosis 3. Enfermedad Cardiovascular 4. Quiste 5. Infarto 6. Diabetes 7. Dismenorrea 8. Cáncer de Mama 9. Hirsutismo 10. Ets 11. Dolor de Cabeza 12. Depresión 13. Hipertensión 14. Esclerosis Múltiple 15. Síndrome Premenstrual 16. Náusea 17. Accidente Cerebrovascular 18. Osteoporosis 19. Obesidad 20. Anemia

1. Cáncer Cervical 2. Papiloma Humano 3. Cáncer Endometrial 4. Hiv 5. Trombosis 6. Infarto 7. Menopausia 8. Enfermedad Cardiovascular 9. Depresión 10. Hemorragia 11. Confusión 12. Cáncer de Ovarios 13. Adenoma 14. Anovulación 15. Ceguera 16. Clamidia

76 Report

B - Medical & Health Informers

C - Istitutional Websites

1. Anemia 2. Cáncer Cervical 3. Náusea 4. Cáncer de Mama 5. Dolor de Cabeza 6. Enfermedad Cardiovascular 7. Quiste 8. Diarrea 9. Depresión 10. Hiv 11. Cáncer Endometrial 12. Infarto 13. Trombosis 14. Diabetes 15. Ets 16. Hipertensión 17. Menopausia 18. Papiloma Humano 19. Amenorrea 20. Hemorragia

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

G - Drug Industries & Drug Stores

H - Women Forums and Magazines

1. Trombosis 2. Cáncer de Mama 3. Accidente Cerebrovascular 4. Diarrea 5. Hemorragia 6. Cáncer Endometrial 7. Hiv 8. Diabetes 9. Náusea 10. Anemia 11. Angioedema 12. Epilepsia 13. Insuficiencia Renal 14. Cáncer Cervical 15. Pancreatitis 16. Tuberculosis 17. Venas Varicosas 18. Infarto

1. Dolor de Cabeza 2. Náusea 3. Diarrea 4. Hipertensión 5. Engordar 6. Diabetes 7. Anemia 8. Flebitis 9. Hemorragia 10. Dismenorrea 11. Trombosis 12. Cáncer Endometrial 13. Depresión 14. Toxoplasmosis 15. Ets 16. Amenorrea 17. Mareos 18. Hiv 19. Infarto 20. Quiste

Cáncer Cervical Cáncer Endometrial Cáncer de Ovarios Cáncer de Mama Ets Papiloma Humano Embolia Pulmonar Adenoma

77

Italy TOTAL

A - Encyclopedias & How To's

1. Trombosi 2. Cancro al Seno 3. Vomito 4. Mal di Testa 5. Diarrea 6. Depressione 7. Ictus 8. Nausea 9. Disturbi Mestruali 10. Diabete 11. Menopausa 12. Ipertensione 13. Anemia 14. Malattie Cardiovascolari 15. ObesitĂ 16. Cisti 17. Infarto 18. Cellulite 19. Irsutismo 20. Hiv

1. Cancro al Seno 2. Ictus 3. Mal di Testa 4. Trombosi 5. Vomito 6. Diarrea 7. Malattie Cardiovascolari 8. Disturbi Mestruali 9. Cancro Ovarico 10. Cancro al Colon 11. Depressione 12. Hiv 13. Malattie Del Fegato 14. Nausea 15. Diabete 16. Allattamento 17. Cancro Della Cervice 18. Angioedema 19. Insufficienza Renale 20. Ipertrigliceridemia

E - Mass Media & Web Portals

F - Religious & Other Opponents

1. Trombosi 2. Cancro al Seno 3. Mal di Testa 4. Ictus 5. Anemia 6. Nausea 7. Vomito 8. Infarto 9. Diarrea 10. Menopausa 11. Malattie Cardiovascolari 12. Aura 13. Calvizie 14. Cancro al Colon 15. Cellulite 16. ObesitĂ 17. Cancro Ovarico 18. Depressione 19. Disturbi Mestruali 20. Endometriosi

1. Depressione 2. Ictus 3. Trombosi 4. Disturbi Mestruali 5. Mal di Testa 6. Menopausa 7. Cancro al Seno 8. Infarto 9. Influenza 10. Malattie Cardiovascolari 11. Cellulite 12. Vomito 13. Diarrea 14. Nausea 15. Insonnia 16. Sindrome di Down 17. Hiv 18. Diabete 19. Tosse 20. Cancro al Fegato

78 Report

B - Medical & Health Informers

C - Istitutional Websites

1. Trombosi 2. Vomito 3. Diarrea 4. Cancro al Seno 5. Nausea 6. Mal di Testa 7. Depressione 8. Ictus 9. Diabete 10. Menopausa 11. Disturbi Mestruali 12. Ipertensione 13. Cisti 14. Obesità 15. Anemia 16. Malattie Del Fegato 17. Allattamento 18. Cellulite 19. Irsutismo 20. Hiv

/

G - Drug Industries & Drug Stores

H - Women Forums And Magazines

1. Cancro al Seno 2. Trombosi 3. Mal di Testa 4. Diabete 5. Ipertensione 6. Ictus 7. Demenza 8. Nausea 9. Obesità 10. Anemia 11. Irsutismo 12. Depressione 13. Disturbi Mestruali 14. Irritabilità 15. Cancro Ovarico 16. Cisti 17. Endometriosi 18. Infarto 19. Dermatite 20. Vomito

1. Disturbi Mestruali 2. Trombosi 3. Vomito 4. Depressione 5. Diarrea 6. Mal di Testa 7. Nausea 8. Ictus 9. Cisti 10. Ansia 11. Ipertensione 12. Anemia 13. Menopausa 14. Hiv 15. Reazioni allergiche 16. Cancro al Seno 17. Diabete 18. Obesità 19. Irsutismo 20. Malattie Cardiovascolari

79

National corpora

Here below are listed the three national corpora analyzed in chapter 2, the collection of the first fifty useful results on google.pt, google.es, google.it for each query.

Portugal "a pĂ­lula anticoncepcional" http://atrevida.uol.com.br/arrasa/tudo-sobre-sexo/quanto-tempo-demorapara-a-pilula-fazer-efeito/1581 http://atrevida.uol.com.br/beleza/meu-corpo/pilula-tudo-que-voceprecisa-saber/232 http://bebe.bolsademulher.com/planejamento/materia/tomar-pilula-anticoncepcional-em-excesso-traz-riscos/ http://belezaesaude.dae.com.br/pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://boaforma.abril.com.br/comportamento/saude-mulher/tudo-sobrepilula-anticoncepcional-489632.shtml http://br.mulher.yahoo.com/p%C3%ADlula-anticoncepcional-mitos-verdades.html?page=all http://comunidade.bemsimples.com/saude/w/saude/Como-usar-as-pilulasanticoncepcionais.aspx http://corpoacorpo.uol.com.br/blogs/pergunte-ao-especialista/pilulaanticoncepcional-mitos-e-verdades/1773 http://cristianaarcangeli.com.br/saude-e-nutricao/tomar-pilula-engorda-melhora-casos-de-acne-tire-todas-as-sua-duvidas/ http://dicasdoprofessor.com.br/fitness-e-saude/6-coisas-que-voce-naosabia-sobre-a-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://drauziovarella.com.br/mulher-2/pilulas-anticoncepcionais/ http://gnt.globo.com/bem-estar/noticias/Mitos-e-verdades-da-pilulaanticoncepcional.shtml http://hypescience.com/7-fatos-incriveis-sobre-a-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://innovadoresdeamerica.org/app/por/participant.aspx?id=8 http://matizesfeministas.blogspot.it/2012/08/peticao-para-liberarpilula.html http://mdemulher.abril.com.br/saude/reportagem/saude-mulher/melhorpilula-anticoncepcional-voce-696688.shtml http://mdemulher.abril.com.br/saude/reportagem/saude-mulher/tire-suasduvidas-pilulas-anticoncepcionais-449112.shtml http://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/album/1004_pilula_album.htm http://papofeminino.uol.com.br/revistas/malu/tudo-sobre-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlula_contraceptiva_oral_combinada http://saude.terra.com.br/sexo-seguro/veja-20-beneficios-associados-a-

pilula-anticoncepcional,a148e20a52f27310VgnCLD100000bbcceb0aRCRD.html http://www.blogvalesaude.com.br/tudo-sobre-a-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/saude/saude-da-mulher/metodos-anticoncepcionais http://www.brasilescola.com/biologia/pilula.htm http://www.copacabanarunners.net/pilula-anticoncepcional.html http://www.donagiraffa.com/2012/04/diferencas-da-pilula-do-diaseguinte-para-a-pilula-anticoncepcional.html http://www.dw.de/1960-primeira-p%C3%ADlula-anticoncepcional-chega-aomercado/a-611248 http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,estudo-com-ratos-pode-levara-pilula-anticoncepcional-para-homens,917547,0.htm http://www.gineco.com.br/metodos-contraceptivos/pilula-anticoncepcional http://www.maecuritibana.com.br/editorias/79-pilula_anticoncepcional http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/saiba-como-usar-apilula-anticoncepcional-e-efeitos/ http://www.minhavida.com.br/saude/materias/15393-entenda-a-composicaoda-pilula-anticoncepcional-e-acerte-na-escolha-da-sua http://www.mulheralternativa.net/2011/01/e-possivel-engravidar-mesmotomando.html http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/sexualidade/pilula-anticoncepcional. htm http://www.oei.es/divulgacioncientifica/noticias_367.htm http://www.portaldiabetes.com.br/conteudocompleto.asp?idconteudo=156 http://www.providaanapolis.org.br/anticopr.htm http://www.revista.vestibular.uerj.br/questao/questao-objetiva. php?seq_questao=1113 http://www.spiner.com.br/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=217 http://www.tuasaude.com/como-tomar-o-anticoncepcional/ http://www.tuasaude.com/e-possivel-engravidar-tomando-anticoncepcional/ http://www.tuasaude.com/esquecer-de-tomar-o-anticoncepcional/ http://www.tuasaude.com/periodo-fertil-e-pilula/ http://www.vestibulandoweb.com.br/biologia/teoria/pilula-anticoncepcional-50-anos.asp

"efeitos secundarios" + "pĂ­lula anticoncepcional" http://belezaesaude.dae.com.br/pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://blogueirasfeministas.com/2011/04/a-mulher-e-a-pilula/ http://boaforma.abril.com.br/comportamento/saude-mulher/tudo-sobrepilula-anticoncepcional-489632.shtml http://cristianaarcangeli.com.br/saude-e-nutricao/tomar-pilula-engorda-melhora-casos-de-acne-tire-todas-as-sua-duvidas/ http://dancasagradafeminina.blogspot.it/2012/05/pilula-os-efeitossecundarios-da-pilula.html http://delas.ig.com.br/saudedamulher/anvisa-faz-alerta-aos-medicossobre-risco-de-pilula/n1597344896359.html http://drauziovarella.com.br/mulher-2/pilulas-anticoncepcionais/ http://farmaceutico.com.sapo.pt/pilula.html http://impossivelpulso.blogspot.it/2012/08/efeitos-colaterais-daspilulas.html http://instantaneaequilibrio.blogspot.it/2012/08/emergencia-efeitoscolaterais-de.html http://metodoscontraceptivos.net/cerazette http://mundomulheres.com/pilula-do-dia-seguinte-efeitos-colaterais/ http://nadafragil.com.br/mitos-e-verdades-sobre-a-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://nhacdj.org/Not%C3%ADcias+de+sa%C3%BAde/Teva+lan%C3%A7a+a+primei ra+p%C3%ADlula+anticoncepcional+com+estrog%C3%AAnio+natural_6856.html http://parto-saude.blogspot.it/2011/08/pilulas-anticoncepcionaistodos-os.html http://portaluniversofeminino.blogspot.it/2010/10/pilula-anticoncepcional-altera-cerebro.html http://providafamilia.org/doc.php?doc=doc58376 http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drospirenona http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlula_contraceptiva_oral_combinada http://revistashape.uol.com.br/component/content/384/materia/Pilula-

80 Report

anticoncepcional http://www.acessa.com/mulher/arquivo/sexualidade/2005/04/22-pilula/ http://www.acidigital.com/vida/pilula/efeitos.htm http://www.alert-online.com/pt/forum/topics/efeitos-secundarios-pilula-anticoncepcional-yasmin http://www.appforce.net/ortho-tri-cyclen-lo-efeitos-colaterais.html http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/saude/saude-da-mulher/metodos-anticoncepcionais/print http://www.copacabanarunners.net/pilula-anticoncepcional.html http://www.diagnosia.com/pt/droga/microginon http://www.dicafeminina.com/saude/anticoncepcionais-hormonais-oraispilulas/ http://www.dicasdesaude.info/cuidados/efeitos-colaterais-do-anticoncepcional http://www.ebah.com.br/content/ABAAAepg8AB/farmacologia-anticoncepcionais http://www.euroclinix.com.pt/pilula-contraceptiva-efeitos-secundarios. html http://www.gineco.com.br/materias/hormonios/desvendando-os-mitos-dapilula-anticoncepcional http://www.gineco.com.br/metodos-contraceptivos/pilula-anticoncepcional/perguntas-mais-frequentes http://www.medclick.com.br/saude-mulher/pilulas-anticoncepcionais.html http://www.medicina.ufmg.br/edump/gob/contracep.htm http://www.medipedia.pt/home/home.php?module=artigoEnc&id=794 http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/pilula-anticoncepcional-oral-efeitos-colaterais/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/saiba-como-usar-apilula-anticoncepcional-e-efeitos/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/tag/anticoncepcional-minesse/ http://www.mulhergratis.com.br/tomar-anticoncepcional-na-adolescencia-

efeitos-colaterais-e-sintomas http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/sexualidade/pilula-anticoncepcional.htm http://www.shipibonation.org/como-escolher-uma-pilula-anticoncepcionalpara-baixa-libido.html http://www.tuasaude.com/anticoncepcional-engorda/ http://www.tuasaude.com/anticoncepcional-na-amamentacao/ http://www.verdadementira.com.br/mitos-e-verdades-sobre-a-pilula-anticoncepcional.html

pílula + benefícios http://blogtudo.net/os-beneficios-das-pilulas-anticoncepcionais-63.html http://br.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120113012940AAngG1F http://casasaudavel.com.br/2010/11/13/pilula-alem-da-contracepcao/ http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/colunas/por-dentro-das-celulas/a-segunda-revolucao-das-pilulas http://drauziovarella.com.br/mulher-2/pilulas-anticoncepcionais/ http://entremulheres.com/artigos/top-8-mitos-sobre-pilula-verdade http://girlsinform.blogspot.it/2010/04/drospirenona-pilula-de-ultimageracao.html http://jovempan.uol.com.br/programas/2012/05/conheca-os-cinco-beneficios-da-pilula-anticoncepcional.html http://juventude.gov.pt/SaudeSexualidadeJuvenil/Sexualidade/PrevencaoContracepcao/Paginas/Ap%C3%ADlula.aspx http://linhasexologia.blogs.sapo.pt/14565.html http://livredaendometriose.blogspot.it/2010/09/estudo-inedito-comprova-beneficios-da.html http://mdemulher.abril.com.br/blogs/karlinha/beleza/beneficios-da-pilula-anticoncepcional-alem-da-contracepcao/ http://mdemulher.abril.com.br/saude/reportagem/saude-mulher/6-razoestomar-anticoncepcional-626528.shtml http://mdemulher.abril.com.br/saude/reportagem/saude-mulher/melhorpilula-anticoncepcional-voce-696688.shtml http://medicosdeportugal.saude.sapo.pt/utentes/mulher/o_milagre_da_ pilula_pros_e_contras http://metodoscontraceptivos.net/cerazette http://mulher.sapo.pt/bem-estar/saude/o-outro-lado-da-pilula-1273614. html http://mulher.sapo.pt/bem-estar/saude/o-outro-lado-da-pilula-1273614. html http://mundomulheres.com/dicas-sobre-quais-os-beneficios-da-pilulaanticoncepcional/ http://mundomulheres.com/tomar-anticoncepcional-direto-faz-mal/ http://papofeminino.uol.com.br/revistas/malu/tudo-sobre-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlula_contraceptiva_oral_combinada http://saude.terra.com.br/sexo-seguro/veja-20-beneficios-associados-apilula-anticoncepcional,a148e20a52f27310VgnCLD100000bbcceb0aRCRD.html http://sejadivina.wordpress.com/2012/02/29/visita-ao-ginecologista-edescoberta-as-pilulas-mais-modernas-trazem-beneficios/ http://ufeminino.blogspot.it/2010/12/pilula-anticoncepcional-escolhamelhor.html http://vilamulher.terra.com.br/pilulas-anticoncepcionais-beneficiospara-a-pele-2-1-13-440.html http://vilamulher.terra.com.br/pilulas-anticoncepcionais-beneficios-

para-a-pele-2-1-13-440.html http://viviansbrussi.blogspot.it/2008/06/plula-depois-dos-quarentaseguro.html http://www.corposaun.com/pilula-pode-trazer-beneficios-saude/6920/ http://www.dicasdamulher.com.br/saude/pilula-anticoncepcional-beneficios http://www.dicasdamulher.com.br/sexualidade/faz-mal-tomar-anticoncepcional-sem-intervalos http://www.euroclinix.com.pt/beneficios-da-pilula.html http://www.farmaciasiguacu.com.br/blog/?p=3506 http://www.gineco.com.br/aplicativo-hora-da-pilula http://www.gineco.com.br/materias/hormonios/pilula-anticoncepcional-ehormonios-que-cuidam-do-corpo http://www.gineco.com.br/metodos-contraceptivos/pilula-anticoncepcional/beneficios-usos-terapeuticos-pilula-anticoncepcional http://www.guiadasdicas.com/2011/04/pilula-anticoncepcional-beneficios. html http://www.jornalterceiravia.com.br/caderno_vida/saude__beleza_e_ moda/1257/pilula_anticoncepcional:_muitos_beneficios_do_medicamento_ sao_desconhecidos... http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/alguns-beneficiosda-pilula-anticoncepcional-alem-da-prevencao/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/alguns-beneficiosda-pilula-anticoncepcional-alem-da-prevencao/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/beneficios-dapilula-contraceptiva/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/beneficios-naocontraceptivos-da-pilula/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/beneficios-no-usoda-pilula-anticoncepcional-para-as-mulheres-acima-de-40-anos/ http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/pesquisas-indicamque-mulheres-querem-beneficios-na-pilula/ http://www.parana-online.com.br/canal/vida-e-saude/news/340291/?notici a=OS+BENEFICIOS+DAS+PILULAS+ANTICONCEPCIONAIS http://www.patricinhaesperta.com.br/beleza/beneficios-do-anticoncepcional http://www.planeamentofamiliar.com/os-top-8-mitos-sobre-a-pilula-e-averdade/ http://www.rcmpharma.com/actualidade/arquivo/pilula-contraceptivaapresenta-mais-beneficios-do-que-maleficios http://www.shipibonation.org/quais-sao-os-beneficios-de-muito-baixadose-de-estrogenio-em-pilulas-anticoncepcionais.html http://www.vivasuavida.com.br/pt/home/know-your-options/your-contraception/your-contraception-faqs.php

impacto + "pílula anticoncepcional" http://abortoemportugal.blogspot.it/2011/09/pilula-contraceptivaafecta-memoria-das.html http://blog.opovo.com.br/propares/16-dizem-que-pilula-prejudica-oprazer/ http://blogueirasfeministas.com/2011/04/a-mulher-e-a-pilula/ http://centrodeartigos.com/dieta-e-perda-de-peso/artigo-3449.html http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/colunas/por-dentro-das-celulas/a-segunda-revolucao-das-pilulas http://delas.ig.com.br/saudedamulher/16-dizem-que-pilula-prejudica-oprazer/n1237578955262.html http://delas.ig.com.br/saudedamulher/a-melhor-pilula-para-obesashipertensas-e-fumantes/n1596836030924.html http://delas.ig.com.br/saudedamulher/brasil-ganha-pilula-com-estrogenio-natural/n1596812654157.html http://demaeparamae.pt/forum/perder-peso-deixar-pilula http://dhemo.net/articles/2240.html http://drauziovarella.com.br/mulher-2/contracepcao-alem-da-pilula/ http://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2011/07/pilula-deve-ser-tomadano-mesmo-horario-e-nao-protege-contra-dst.html http://hypescience.com/pilula-anticoncepcional-pode-fazer-voce-esquecer-de-detalhes/ http://jornalimpactoreal.blogspot.it/2011/12/freiras-devem-tomarpilulas.html http://lqes.iqm.unicamp.br/canal_cientifico/pontos_vista/pontos_vista_ divulgacao38-1.html http://m.oimpacto.com.br/plantao/pilula-anticoncepcional-completa50-anos/ http://mulher.terra.com.br/comportamento/pesquisa-pilula-contraceptiva-interfere-na-memoria-das-mulheres,3c796ee9f9e27310VgnCLD100000bbcc eb0aRCRD.html

http://noticias.universia.pt/vida-universitaria/noticia/2011/09/14/866374/pilula-contraceptiva-afecta-memoria-das-mulheres.html http://pilula.org/category/noticias http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_E._Miramontes http://saude.culturamix.com/medicina/pilula-com-estrogenio-natural http://sindiprofase.com.br/textos.cfm?idtexto=93&idcoluna=2 http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/saude/pilula-anticoncepcional-atenuacolica-menstrual http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/saude/pilula-anticoncepcional-podeafetar-memoria http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/saude/pilula-anticoncepcional-podeafetar-memoria http://www.alert-online.com/pt/news/health-portal/mulheres-que-tomama-pilula-lembram-se-das-coisas-de-forma-diferente http://www.arcauniversal.com/noticias/dicas/noticias/pilula-anticoncepcional-60-anos-de-revolucao-3008.html http://www.bibliomed.com.br/bibliomed/bmbooks/ginecolo/livro6/cap/ cap03.htm http://www.comciencia.br/reportagens/cultura/cultura05.shtml http://www.correiodoestado.com.br/noticias/a-melhor-pilula-para-obesas-hipertensas-e-fumantes_108692/ http://www.epistemonikos.org/pt/documents/8b419bab5d0a5caccb1798bfe31 637d9067a4b41 http://www.epistemonikos.org/pt/documents/cbdd9ced85c956de038fc3c7e02c1fda268c9bed http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,o-impacto-do-filho-evitado-,889291,0.htm http://www.flaviomuller.com.br/blogger/news0.aspx?DQ=L&MMAA=0&ID_NOTICIA=184 http://www.gazetadearacuai.com.br/noticia/904/anvisa_quer_que_pilula_

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seja_vendida_somente_com_receita/ http://www.idealdicas.com/historia-da-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://www.isaude.net/pt-BR/noticia/22204/ciencia-e-tecnologia/pilulas-anticoncepcionais-reduzem-em-45-risco-de-cancer-no-ovario http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/67798_O+FUTURO+DA+PILULA+PARTE+1 http://www.jornalimpactoonline.com.br/saude/para-mulheres-pilula-anticoncepcional-melhora-vida-sexual http://www.maxima.xl.pt/conhecer-se/684-a-pilula-que-mudou-o-mundo. html http://www.oimpacto.com.br/plantao/pilula-anticoncepcional-completa50-anos/attachment/pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://www.snifbrasil.com.br/artigos.php?id=60 http://www.trdd.org/ETHMEDP.HTM http://www.unimedvsf.com.br/secao_clientes/dica.php?id=177 http://www2.uol.com.br/vyaestelar/pilula_anticoncepcional.htm

"riscos da pĂ­lula anticoncepcional" http://bebe.bolsademulher.com/planejamento/materia/tomar-pilula-anticoncepcional-em-excesso-traz-riscos/ http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/eua-alertam-risco-co%C3%A1gulos-anticoncepcional-drospirenona-212750304.html http://brasil.babycenter.com/x5201467/tomar-p%C3%ADlula-sem-saber-dagravidez-pode-fazer-mal-para-o-beb%C3%AA http://campistabya.spaceblog.com.br/168503/Beneficios-e-Perigos-daPilula-Anticoncepcional/ http://conduarte.blogspot.it/2008/09/plula-anticoncepcional-assassina. html http://curapelanatureza.blogspot.it/2009/03/pilula-anticoncepcionalaumenta-risco.html http://delas.ig.com.br/saudedamulher/anvisa-faz-alerta-aos-medicossobre-risco-de-pilula/n1597344896359.html http://drauziovarella.com.br/mulher-2/pilulas-anticoncepcionais/ http://eupaciente.com.br/topic3116.html http://hypescience.com/anticoncepcionais-representam-risco-para-mulheres-com-problemas-cardiacos/ http://igirl.ig.com.br/celebridades/2012-05-28/sexo-sem-neuras-existerisco-de-gravidez-no-intervalo-da-pilula.html http://mundomulheres.com/duvidas-sobre-o-anticoncepcional/ http://mundomulheres.com/perguntas-ao-ginecologista-sobre-anticoncepcional/ http://mundomulheres.com/saiba-como-deve-ser-tomado-o-anticoncepcionalsem-riscos/ http://noticias.r7.com/saude/pilula+anticoncepcional+com+cigarro+eleva +risco+de+trombose-29112012 http://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2012/09/22/ como-acabar-com-os-riscos-de-se-trocar-de-metodo-contraceptivo-semorientacao.htm http://pamela1.loveblog.com.br/521121/Os-riscos-da-pilula-anticoncepcional/ http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlula_contraceptiva_oral_combinada http://publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/estudo-liga-pilula-contraceptiva-arisco-de-cancro-do-colo-do-utero-1310191 http://publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/estudo-liga-pilula-contraceptiva-arisco-de-cancro-do-colo-do-utero-1310191 http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Saude-e-bem-estar/noticia/2011/12/o-realrisco-das-novas-pilulas.html http://revistavivasaude.uol.com.br/saude-nutricao/72/artigo129386-1.asp http://temaspolemicosigreja.blogspot.it/2010/10/medico-denuncia-osperigos-da-pilula.html http://tvg.globo.com/programas/mais-voce/v2011/ MaisVoce/0,,MUL912008-10344,00.html

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http://vidaeestilo.terra.com.br/fertilidade/noticias/0,,OI6120278EI20147,00-Pilula+de+uso+continuo+nao+traz+riscos+a+fertilidade.html http://www.blogdasaude.com.br/saude-fisica/2012/06/19/cigarro-e-pilulaanticoncepcional-uma-mistura-perigosa-para-a-saude-da-mulher/ http://www.coisasdemulher.com/2011/11/porque-usar-anticoncepcional-e. html http://www.copacabanarunners.net/pilula-anticoncepcional.html http://www.dicasdemulher.com.br/riscos-de-emendar-o-anticoncepcional/ http://www.divirta-se.uai.com.br/html/sessao_38/2012/02/28/ficha_mundoela_saude/id_sessao=38&id_noticia=50020/ficha_mundoela_saude.shtml http://www.doisneuronios.com.br/pilula-anticoncepcional-pode-aumentaros-riscos-de-cancer-de-mama/ http://www.donagiraffa.com/2012/02/como-usar-pilula-anticoncepcional. html http://www.ebc.com.br/infantil/para-pais/galeria/videos/2012/12/especialistas-atentam-para-riscos-da-pilula http://www.forumplp.org.br/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=1752:os-riscos-da-pilula&catid=73:saude&Item id=169 http://www.gineco.com.br/metodos-contraceptivos/pilula-anticoncepcional http://www.maskaran.com/pt/1715.html http://www.medicinaemulher.com.br/trombose.htm http://www.medicinanet.com.br/conteudos/artigos/5049/aumento_do_risco_ de_iam_e_de_avc_com_o_uso_de_pilula_anticoncepcional.htm http://www.metodosnaturais.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=ar ticle&id=29:anticoncepcionais&catid=3:artigos http://www.meuanticoncepcional.com/anticoncepcional/risco-de-engravidar-tomando-anticoncepcional/ http://www.minhavida.com.br/saude/materias/14142-pilula-anticoncepcional-diminui-risco-de-cancer-de-ovario http://www.portalaz.com.br/noticia/geral/256316_pilula_anticoncepcional_com_cigarro_eleva_risco_de_trombose.html http://www.positive-health.net/pt/pilula-anticoncepcional-e-riscos-decoagulo-de-sangue http://www.promotoresdavida.org.br/noticias/864-tomar-pilula-anticoncepcional-na-adolescencia-causa-hipertensao-na-idade-adulta http://www.saudemedicina.com/pilula-do-dia-seguinte-informacoesriscos-e-efeitos/ http://www.shipibonation.org/factores-de-risco-da-pilula-anticoncepcional.html http://www.tuasaude.com/esquecer-de-tomar-o-anticoncepcional/ http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/998472-estudo-apontaque-anticoncepcionais-aumentam-risco-de-trombose.shtml

Spain pildora http://acog.org/For%20Patients/Search%20Patient%20Education%20Pamphlets%20-%20Spanish/Files/Pildoras%20anticonceptivas.aspx http://anticoncepcion.cl/metoanti04.htm http://arrakis.es/~cjas/pildora.htm http://askabide.com/pildora-anticonceptiva.html http://babycenter.es/x14100103/tomar-la-p%C3%ADldora-anticonceptivadurante-mucho-tiempo-influye-en-la-fertilidad http://ccli.org/lpp/contracepcion/pildora.shtml http://centromedicoaragon.com/castellano/gerona/servicios/planificacion2.htm http://clubplaneta.com.mx/la_pildora_mexicana.htm http://efesalud.com/noticias/la-pildora-con-hormonas-generadas-por-lamujer-tiene-menos-efectos-adversos/ http://elmundo.es/elmundosalud/especiales/2004/12/anticonceptivos/mujer/planificada/pildora.html http://enfemenino.com/ficha/pareja/f7731-la-pildora.html http://es.euroclinix.net/efectos-secundarios-pildora.html http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADldora_anticonceptiva_oral_combinada http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADldora_trif%C3%A1sica http://esmas.com/mujer/sexoyamor/tucuerpo/404803.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/beaute1/__f11727_beaute1-Que-pasadespues-de-dejar-de-tomar-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f11094_contra-Es-posiblequedarse-embarazada-tomando-la-pildora-y-estando-con-la-regla.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f12920_contra-Empece-atomar-la-pildora-para-retrasar-la-menstruacion-hice-bien.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f13929_contra-Dudas-sobrela-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f17522_contra-Tome-antibioticos-y-tengos-dudas-sobre-la-pildora-anticoceptiva-roll.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f1784_contra-A-las-quetomais-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f2169_contra-Imaginemos-quefalla-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f3736_contra-Alguien-quetome-la-pildora-me-pueden-ayudar.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f504_contra--como-saber-sila-pildora-es-lo-q-te-engorda.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f5050_contra-Las-preguntasmas-frecuentes-sobre-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f5613_contra-Retrasar-laregla-con-la-pildora.html

http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f697_contra--que-pruebas-oshicieron-para-tomar-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f136/__f2258_f136-Acne-al-dejar-detomar-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f272/__f529_f272-Tomo-la-pildora-ycreo-poder-estar-embarazada.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f91/__f14025_f91-Embarazo-despues-dela-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f99/__f20100_f99-Alguien-se-ha-quedado-embarazada-tomando-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/fitness2/__f14105_fitness2-Se-debedescansar-de-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/fitness2/__f14565_fitness2-Estoy-tomando-la-pildora-y-he-manchado.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/fitness2/__f3570_fitness2-Aumenta-elpecho-la-pildora-anticonceptiva.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/fitness3/__f391_fitness3-Se-adelgazalos-kilos-que-se-cogen-despues-de-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/matern1/__f1012_matern1-Molestiastras-dejar-la-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/matern2/__f105299_matern2-sabeistomando-la-pildora-te-puedes-quedar-embarazada.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/pareja2/__f44298_pareja2-Mi-primeratoma-de-contacto-con-la-pildora-ayudadme-por-favor.html http://foros.vogue.es/viewtopic.php?f=68&t=190663 http://innovadoresdeamerica.org/app/do/participant.aspx?id=8 http://kidshealth.org/teen/en_espanol/sexual/contraception_birth_esp. html http://larazon.es/noticia/7218-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-aumenta-elriesgo-de-sufrir-patologias-oculares http://loeweb.com/EspecialesLoeweb/MitosyRealidadessobrelaP%C3%ADldo ra/tabid/206/Default.aspx http://mujer.terra.es/muj/articulo/html/mu23292.htm http://pildoraymujer.com/es/historia_pildora/index.php http://pildoraymujer.com/es/pildora/beneficios-no-contraceptivos-de-lapildora/index.php http://planificacionfamiliarnatural.es/traslapildora.html http://plannedparenthood.org/esp/temas-de-salud/anticoncepcion/si-seolvida-de-tomar-la-pildora-19269.htm http://saludreproductiva.about.com/od/e/f/Me-Embarace-Tomando-LaPildora.htm http://serpadres.es/antes-del-embarazo/embarazo-despues-de-tomar-lapildora.html

pildora + "efectos secundarios" http://aceprensa.com/articles/by_qpt/031-99-E/ http://acog.org/For%20Patients/Search%20Patient%20Education%20Pamphlets%20-%20Spanish/Files/Pildoras%20anticonceptivas.aspx http://anticoncepcion.cl/antioral05.htm http://anticoncepcion.cl/metoanti04.htm http://ar.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090619132721AAwXTju http://arrakis.es/~cjas/pildora.htm http://bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/02/110224_salud_mujer_pildora_mitos_men.shtml http://bekiapareja.com/salud/efectos-secundarios-pildora-anticonceptiva/ http://bodas.net/debates/efectos-secundarios-al-dejar-las-pastillasanticonceptivas--t17044 http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/biblio/plm/src/productos/24684_77.htm http://ciao.es/Suavuret__Opinion_1157596 http://diariofemenino.com/amor-sexo/salud/articulos/pildora-anticonceptiva-debes-saber/ http://draviladetomas.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/efectos-secundarios-dela-anticoncepcion-hormonal-oral/ http://drmauro.com/77-tema.html http://ecogaia.com/los-efectos-secundarios-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva.html http://ehowenespanol.com/esperar-dejas-tomar-pildora-anticonceptivasobre_47313/ http://elmundo.es/elmundosalud/especiales/2004/12/anticonceptivos/mujer/planificada/pildora.html http://encolombia.com/anticonceptivos-combinados-efectos.htm http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070623173222AANiZPR http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070909045546AA0SMmm http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100316153956AAgMg9G http://es.catholic.net/sexualidadybioetica/285/1359/articulo. php?id=5407 http://es.euroclinix.net/efectos-secundarios-pildora.html http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADldora_anticonceptiva_oral_combinada http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADldora_trif%C3%A1sica http://espanol.answers.yahoo.com/question/

index?qid=20060815065043AA5fSzm http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/fitness2/__f5474_fitness2-He-dejado-detomar-la-pildora-efectos-secundarios.html http://foro.mundorecetas.com/showthread.php/268692-Efectos-secundarios-al-dejar-la-pildora http://gomeraverde.es/not/31036/la_pildora_con_hormonas_generada_por_ la_mujer_elimina_los_efectos_secundarios/ http://hoy.es/20090512/sociedad/efectos-secundarios-pastilla-brutales-20090512.html http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110531114955AAPGmdZ http://kidshealth.org/teen/en_espanol/sexual/contraception_birth_esp. html http://lawyersandsettlements.com/lawsuit/sp-yasmin-side-effects-yazblood.html http://loeweb.com/EspecialesLoeweb/MitosyRealidadessobrelaP%C3%ADldo ra/tabid/206/Default.aspx http://medico.com/es/question/cuales-son-los-efectos-secundarios-dela-pildora-balianca http://mujer.terra.es/muj/articulo/html/mu23292.htm http://mujerdelmediterraneo.blogspot.it/2011/12/los-efectos-secundarios-de-la-pildora.html http://mujeressincomplejos.com/2012/11/14/que-tiene-menos-efectossecundarios-la-pildora-o/ http://mujeressincomplejos.com/2012/11/19/llevo-3-meses-con-la-pildora-y-noto-muchos-efectos-secundarios/ http://nosotrasdecidimos.org/la-pildora-con-hormonas-generada-por-lamujer-elimina-los-efectos-secundarios/ http://onmeda.es/salud/anticoncepcion/metodos_anticonceptivos/pildoraefectos-secundarios-2184-9.html http://periodistadigital.com/salud/investigacion/2012/06/29/cuatro-enuno-la-pildora-combinada-contra-el-vih-quad.shtml http://pildoraymujer.com/es/pildora/beneficios-no-contraceptivos-de-lapildora/index.php http://plannedparenthood.org/esp/temas-de-salud/anticoncepcion/pildora-anticonceptiva-4228.htm http://proyectopv.org/2-verdad/repercusionespsic.htm http://salud.facilisimo.com/efectos-dejar-la-pildora

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http://salud180.com/jovenes/efectos-secundarios-de-la-pastilla-anticonceptiva http://saluddealtura.com/?id=348 http://sportlife.es/mujer/articulo/los-falsos-mitos-de-la-pildoraanticonceptiva http://tonibandin.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/efectos-secundarios-gravesde-la-pildora-anticonceptiva/ http://trdd.org/PILT_FMS.HTM

pildora + impacto http://articulo.org/articulo/14892/pildora_anticonceptiva_y_sus_bodas_de_oro.html http://bayer.com.uy/celebrando50/celebrandohistoria01.php http://bayer.com.uy/celebrando50/index.php http://bbc.co.uk/mundo/ciencia_tecnologia/2009/11/091029_video_anticoncepcion_nc.shtml http://bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/09/110912_pildora_anticonceptiva_memoria_men.shtml http://bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/12/111222_pildora_anticonceptiva_impacto_men.shtml http://blog.latercera.com/blog/historiasbicentenario/entry/1967_impacto_social_provoca_la http://ciencias.jornada.com.mx/noticias/luis-e-miramontes-creador-dela-pildora-anticonceptiva http://efectotequila.com/story/pildora-anticonceptiva-tiene-impactomemoria http://ehowenespanol.com/impacto-vitamina-absorcion-pildora-anticonceptiva-info_121469/ http://eltiempo.com/vida-de-hoy/mujer/ARTICULO-WEB-NEW_NOTA_INTERIOR-10343744.html http://eluniverso.com/2011/09/13/1/1384/pildora-impacto-memoria.html http://ensalud.com.do/blog/salud/27976 http://es.121doc.net/noticias/la-pildora-cumple-50-anos-4906.html http://es.catholic.net/sexualidadybioetica/344/775/articulo. php?id=4430 http://espanol.umich.edu/noticias/comunicados-de-prensa/2012/03/26/elimpacto-de-los-anticonceptivos-en-los-sueldos-de-las-mujeres/ http://estilomedico.com.mx/wordpress/impacto-pildora-anticonceptivamujeres/ http://globedia.com/pildora-anticonceptiva-anos http://impactousa.com/salud/ci_20712804/cuestionan-efectividad-de-pldora-anticonceptiva http://infozzi.com/index.php/mujeres/la-pildora-anticonceptiva-tieneun-impacto-en-la-memoria.html http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110120211431AAr5CgO http://ladycup.cl/ladyvia_01_edicion_Completa.html http://lanacion.com.py/articulo/38600-las-pastillas-anticonceptivastienen-impacto-en-la-memoria.html http://latercera.com/contenido/741_257727_9.shtml http://mayoressaludables.org/noticias/la-pildora-anticonceptiva-tendria-impacto-en-la-memoria-aseguran-cientificos http://mxl.cetys.mx/Deptos/Vinc/BC/s01vf

http://netsaluti.com/beta2/people/ver_noticias.php?id_noticia=4061 http://noticias.universia.net.mx/vida-universitaria/noticia/2005/05/06/96461/pildora-rechazada-adolescentes.html http://pepipalo.blogspot.it/2006/10/la-pldora-anticonceptiva-impacto. html http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid =S0257-43221995000100011 http://plannedparenthood.org/esp/temas-de-salud/anticoncepcion/lapastilla-anticonceptiva-32597.htm http://revistabuenasalud.cl/50-anos-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva/ http://revistabuenasalud.cl/50-anos-de-la-pildora-como-impacto-en-lasociedad/ http://revistaobgin.cl/articulos/ver/578 http://revistaobgin.cl/files/pdf/v05_n2_070.pdf http://rpp.com.pe/2009-12-17-sag-conozca-a-todos-los-nominadosnoticia_230014-r-pag_2-r-pag_2-r-pag_3-r-pag_2-r-pag_2-r-pag_4.htmlhttp:/rpp.com.pe/2011-09-21-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-tiene-impactoen-la-memoria-noticia_406010.html http://rpp.com.pe/2010-01-09-oficializan-otorgamiento-de-s--400-debonificacion-por-escolaridad-noticia_234283-r-pag_1.htmlhttp:/rpp.com. pe/2011-09-21-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-tiene-impacto-en-la-memorianoticia_406010.html http://salud.aollatino.com/2011/09/12/pildora-anticonceptiva-memoriarecuerdos/ http://saludactual.cl/news/aniversario_50_pildora_anticonceptiva.php http://saludcronica.com/nota.php?id_nota=1691 http://saludymedicinas.com.mx/centros-de-salud/embarazo/articulosrelacionados/impacto-psicologico-de-la-infertilidad.html http://scifunam.fisica.unam.mx/mir/mayor_contribucion.html http://spanish.china.org.cn/flash/2011-09/14/content_23413285.htm http://terra.com/salud/articulo/html/sal3901.htm http://trdd.org/ETHMEDS.HTM http://umm.edu/pregnancy_spanish/000102.htm http://uniradioinforma.com/noticias/salud/articulo106689.html http://valle36.es/la-pildora-anticonceptiva-afecta-la-memoria-de-lasmujeres/ http://vidayestilo.terra.es/salud/vida-sana/la-pildora-anticonceptivatiene-un-impacto-en-la-memoria,3f0a655c40177310VgnCLD100000bbcceb0aRC RD.html http://vidayestiloar.terra.com.ar/salud/interna/0,,OI5344157EI5481,00.html http://vidayestiloco.terra.com.co/salud/interna/0,,OI5344157EI5481,00.html

pildora + riesgos http://20minutos.es/noticia/1462936/0/fumadoras-toman/anticonceptivohormonal/mas-riesgo-trombosis-infarto/ http://abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=1259693 http://aciprensa.com/vida/pil-cancer.htm http://acog.org/For%20Patients/Search%20Patient%20Education%20Pamphlets%20-%20Spanish/Files/Pildoras%20anticonceptivas.aspx http://bbc.co.uk/mundo/ciencia_tecnologia/2010/03/100312_pildora_mortalidad_men.shtml http://cancer.gov/espanol/recursos/hojas-informativas/riesgo-causas/ pildoras-anticonceptivas-riesgo http://ccli.org/lpp/contracepcion/pildora.shtml http://companiamedica.com/enterate/riesgo_de_pildoras.html http://cuconcepcion.cl/2012/02/la-pildora-anticonceptiva-beneficios-yriesgos/ http://deperu.com/abc/salud/54/tomar-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-reducela-probabilidad-de-cancer http://elblogdenosotras.com/2010/03/12-mitos-sobre-la-pastilla-anticonceptiva/ http://elblogdenosotras.com/2010/03/12-mitos-sobre-la-pastilla-anticonceptiva/ http://elcuerpo.es/pildora-reduce-el-riesgo-de-cancer-item90.php http://elmundo.es/elmundosalud/2012/05/11/mujer/1336745897.html http://elpais.com/diario/1996/01/29/sociedad/822870014_850215.html http://elpais.com/diario/2007/11/10/sociedad/1194649204_850215.html http://elpais.com/diario/2007/11/10/sociedad/1194649204_850215.html http://enfemenino.com/concepcion/concepcion-realidades-d11506c187893. html http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111122155551AAHX1ew http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120216103914AA4gqM5 http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120708105148AARGvX2 http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120906153725AAGARl6 http://europapress.es/salud/noticia-mujeres-ovario-poliquistico-toman-

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pildora-combinada-tienen-mas-riesgo-coagulos-sangre-20121204101521. html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f11000_contra-Si-se-teolvida-una-pastilla-en-la-tercera-o-primera-semana-de-la-pildora-haymucho-riesgo.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f12929_contra-Olvido-pildora-embarazo.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f13929_contra-Dudas-sobrela-pildora.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f30892_contra-Olvido-depildora-riesgo-de-embarazo.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f3790_contra-Yasmin-y-riesgo-de-embarazo.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/contra/__f7547_contra-He-vomitadotomando-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-hay-riesgos.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f209/__f103_f209-Se-me-olvido-x24-horas-una-pastilla.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f209/__f2945_f209-Quiero-saber-riesgos-buenas-cosas-de-la-pildora-d.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f99/__f35100_f99-Olvidar-la-pildorala-tercera-semana-es-mucho-riesgo.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/matern4/__f73027_matern4-Tomo-prozacy-la-pildora-no-hay-riesgos-de-embarazo.html http://geosalud.com/Cancerpacientes/mama/pildoras.html http://intereconomia.com/noticias-gaceta/sociedad/pildora-anticonceptiva-aumenta-riesgo-sufrir-patologias-oculares-20120927 http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120114114937AA0IuzM http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120701023921AAQl1g8 http://larazon.es/noticia/4982-la-pildora-aumenta-el-riesgo-de-hipertension http://lne.es/sociedad-cultura/2010/03/13/pildora-anticonceptiva-alarga-vida-reduce-riesgo-cancer/885833.html

http://loeweb.com/EspecialesLoeweb/MitosyRealidadessobrelaP%C3%ADldora/ tabid/206/Default.aspx http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/science/newsid_6990000/6990924.stm http://nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/news/fullstory_130740.html http://notifam.net/index.php/archives/5060/ http://oncoweb.net/doc.php?op=leer&id=682 http://puntovital.cl/sexo/sano/anticonceptivos.htm http://salud.aollatino.com/2010/04/19/mitos-pastilla-anticonceptiva/

http://salud.aollatino.com/2011/10/28/pildora-anticonceptiva-reduceriesgo-cancer-ovarico/ http://salud.com/salud-femenina/verdades-y-mentiras-sobre-pildora.asp http://saludreproductiva.about.com/od/e/f/Me-Embarace-Tomando-LaPildora.htm http://sanitas.es/sanitas/seguros/es/particulares/biblioteca-de-salud/ embarazo-maternidad/riesgos-embarazo/san040519wr.html http://sumedico.com/nota5242.html

pildora + beneficios http://6topoder.com/2012/06/03/mujeres-beneficios-de-tomar-la-pildora/ http://acog.org/For%20Patients/Search%20Patient%20Education%20Pamphlets%20-%20Spanish/Files/Pildoras%20anticonceptivas.aspx http://anticoncepcion.cl/antioral04.htm http://atusaludenlinea.com/Salud/En-profundidad/Noticias/Pildora-anticonceptiva--Beneficios-para-la-salud-a.aspx http://bidmc.org/YourHealth/ConditionsAZ.aspx?ChunkID=127306 http://blogdefarmacia.com/beneficios-de-la-pildora-anticonceptivaparte-i/ http://blogellas.com/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva/ http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/biblio/plm/src/productos/27442_31.htm http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/biblio/plm/src/productos/35587_77.htm http://centroclinicobetanzos60.blogspot.it/2009/05/beneficios-no-contraceptivos-de-la.html http://consumer.es/web/es/salud/prevencion/2011/09/27/203313.php http://cuconcepcion.cl/2012/02/la-pildora-anticonceptiva-beneficios-yriesgos/ http://cuidadodelasalud.com/cuidado-del-cuerpo/ventajas-y-desventajasde-las-pildoras-anticonceptivas/ http://deperu.com/abc/salud/54/tomar-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-reducela-probabilidad-de-cancer http://es.121doc.net/beneficios-de-tomar-la-pildora-anticonceptiva.html http://es.euroclinix.net/beneficios-tomar-pildora.html http://es.paperblog.com/beneficios-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-partei-1379038/ http://es.paperblog.com/beneficios-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-parteii-1379037/ http://es.paperblog.com/beneficios-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-parteiii-1379036/ http://espanol.answers.yahoo.com/question/ index?qid=20081204090914AAb0lEP http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f95/__f16562_f95-La-pildora-beneficios-mucho-mas-alla-de-la-anticoncepcion.html http://ginecoactual.com.mx/index.php/informacion-paciente/ ginecologia/67-la-pildora-beneficios-adicionales-al-control-de-lanatalidad http://hablemosdeamor.mx/control-de-natalidad/m%C3%A9todos/lap%C3%ADldora http://hhs.gov/opa/espanol/salud-reproductiva/anticonceptivos/pildoraanticonceptiva/ http://hoy.es/pg060305/prensa/noticias/Sociedad/200603/05/HOY-SOC-147. html

http://loeweb.com/EspecialesLoeweb/Lasventajas/tabid/204/Default.aspx http://loeweb.com/EspecialesLoeweb/MitosyRealidadessobrelaP%C3%ADldo ra/tabid/206/Default.aspx http://med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=127306 http://miriamginecologia.com/blog/?p=509 http://mujer.starmedia.com/sexualidad/vida-sexual/pildora-anticonceptiva-sus-ventajas-e-inconvenientes.html http://mujer.terra.es/muj/articulo/html/mu23294.htm http://netmoms.es/magazin/ser-padres/anticonceptivos/la-pildora-anticonceptiva/ http://nyabortion.com/birthcontrol/theminipill-sp.shtml http://periodicodigital.com.mx/notas/la_pildora_ofrece_mas_beneficios_ que_solo_anticoncepcion1261706526 http://peru.com/2011/10/08/mujeres/cuidado-y-salud/estudio-pildoraanticonceptiva-brinda-mas-vida-noticia-23944 http://peru.com/2012/05/11/mujeres/cuidado-y-salud/beneficios-pastillaanticonceptiva-tu-belleza-noticia-63482 http://pildoraymujer.com/es/pildora/beneficios-no-contraceptivos-de-lapildora/index.php http://plannedparenthood.org/esp/temas-de-salud/anticoncepcion/pildora-anticonceptiva-4228.htm http://publicacionesymedios.net/articulo.php?ida=1165 http://rpp.com.pe/2012-02-23--que-beneficios-tiene-la-pildora-anticonceptiva-noticia_454338.html http://salud.es/noticia/expertos-aseguran-que-la-pildora-conlleva-masbeneficios-que-perjuicios http://salud180.com/jovenes/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-los-metodoshormonales http://saludintegraldelamujer.com/tag/beneficios-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva/ http://solomujer.cl/beneficios-no-anticonceptivos-de-la-pildora/ http://terra.com.pe/entrechicas/noticias/chk5223/beneficios-consumirpildoras-anticonceptivas.html http://terra.com/mujer/articulo/html/hof9011.htm http://tuvidatudecision.com/es/home/conoce_tus_opciones/tu_anticoncepcin/index.php http://vidayestilo.terra.com.mx/mujer/pareja/principales-beneficiosde-la-pastilla-anticonceptiva,35286667abe27310VgnVCM3000009acceb0aRC RD.html http://vidayestilo.terra.es/pareja/sexo/ventajas-y-desventajas-detomar-la-pildora,10083e4043188310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html http://wordpress.eldedoenlallaga.com/category/menstruacion/ http://youngwomenshealth.org/sporal.html

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Italy pillola http://christuscastitas.altervista.org/la_contraccezione_pillola.htm http://d.repubblica.it/argomenti/2011/11/09/news/pillola_sesso_psicologia-647376/ http://donne.virgilio.it/benessere/salute-in-pratica/la-pillola-anticoncezionale-fa-male.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f1663_contra-La-pillola-esicura-da-subito-rispondetemi-per-favore.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f28933_contra-Prendendola-pillola-posso-fare-l-amore-senza-precauzioni-o-e-rischioso-v-pregorispondetemi-e-imp.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f33385_contra-Scusate-mala-pillola-va-presa-sempre-alla-stessa-ora.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f36210_contra-Dimenticare2-volte-la-pillola.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f38374_contra-Ho-smessola-pillola-da-due-mesi-ma-non-mi-vengono-e-normale.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f42972_contra-Chi-prendela-pillola-da-tanti-anni-e-non-l-ha-mai-sospesa-roll.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f44135_contra-Prendo-lapillola-e-ho-le-perdite-e-normale-shock.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f45190_contra-Non-possoprendere-la-pillola-consigli.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/f144/__f11226_f144-Ritardo-ciclopur-prendendo-la-pillola.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/f211/__f5404_f211-Devo-prendereper-la-prima-volta-la-pillola.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/fitness2/__f1137_fitness2-Per-tuttequelle-che-hanno-sospeso-la-pillola.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/fitness2/__f12394_fitness2-Una-voltax-tutte-la-pillola-fa-ingrassare.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/fitness2/__f15474_fitness2-Qual-e-lapillola-piu-leggera.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/fitness2/__f18318_fitness2-Ci-prendela-pillola-senza-dirlo-alla-mamma.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/fitness2/__f7564_fitness2-Concepimento-dopo-aver-interrotto-la-pillola.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/mariage1/__f225148_mariage1-e-possibile-rimanere-incinta-assumendo-regolarmente-la-pillola.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/mariage1/__f245617_mariage1-Assumendo-la-pillola-quante-possibilita-ci-sono-di-rimanere-incinta.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/mariage1/__f81606_mariage1-Ho-smesso-la-pillola-mi-dite-a-cosa-devo-prepararmi-cioe-nel-senso.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/matern1/__f163547_matern1-Dopo-lapillola-quanto-tempo-x-avere-un-figlio.html

http://forum.amando.it/incinta-pillola-possibile-ciclo-94806/ http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillola_anticoncezionale http://italia.prima-med.com/la-pillola-contraccettiva.html http://italiasalute.leonardo.it/news.asp?ID=2810 http://salute-benessere.excite.it/come-prendere-la-pillola-la-primavolta.html http://salute-benessere.excite.it/incinta-prendendo-la-pillola-yaz. html http://spazioinwind.libero.it/claudioitaliano/pillola_effetti_collaterali.htm http://vivalamamma.tgcom24.it/wpmu/2012/05/il-contraccettivo-piusicuro-non-e-la-pillola/ http://www.121doc.it/prendere-pillola.html http://www.121doc.it/scegliere-pillola.html http://www.albanesi.it/Salute/pillola.htm http://www.comodo.it/canali/sessualita/tutto-sulla-contraccezione/ contraccettivi-ormonali/la-pillola/la-pillola-contraccettiva/ http://www.doctorj.ch/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=316:la-pillola-progestinica&catid=2:ginecolog ia&Itemid=8 http://www.doctorj.ch/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=329:la-pillola-del-giorno-dopo-pgd&catid=2:gi necologia&Itemid=8 http://www.finderm.it/opencms/it/motDonna/contraccezione/seimotivi.html http://www.ginecologo.it/pillola.htm http://www.lapillolasenzapillola.it/ http://www.lapillolasenzapillola.it/la-contraccezione/index.php http://www.lapillolasenzapillola.it/la-contraccezione/pillola.php http://www.medicitalia.it/salute/pillola-anticoncezionale http://www.ok-salute.it/sesso-psicologia/10_a_contraccettivi-pillola. shtml http://www.repubblica.it/salute/esperti/ginecologia/2012/11/21/news/ il_ginecologo_omocisteina_alta_e_rischi_da_pillola-46740874/ http://www.sapere.it/sapere/strumenti/domande-risposte/medicina-corpoumano/inventore-pillola-anticoncezionale.html http://www.sonoinforma.com/diete/donne_e_diete_dimagranti/perche_la_ pillola_anticoncezionale_fa_ingrassare.php http://www.teen.aogoi.it/video-channel/a-tu-per-tu/contraccezione.html http://www.tempi.it/la-bayer-spende-142-milioni-di-dollari-per-risarcire-chi-ha-assunto-lanticoncezionale-yasmin#.UMJh0I6o8sY http://www.universonline.it/_/contraccezione/pillola_anticoncezionale. php http://www.vitadidonna.it/salute/contraccezione/4094-la-pillola-anticoncezionale-istruzioni.html

pillola + "effetti collaterali" http://d.repubblica.it/argomenti/2011/11/09/news/pillola_sesso_psicologia-647376/ http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f10256_contra-Effetticollaterali-pillola-quali-sono-psicologici.html http://ilmondodelledonne.com/viewsub.aspx?l1=2&l2=8 http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080926144814AA7aUuQ http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillola_anticoncezionale http://italiasalute.leonardo.it/News.asp?ID=1019 http://ladyfertility.forumattivo.com/t552-i-danni-della-pillola http://ladyfertility.forumattivo.com/t90-cosa-aspettarsi-dopo-aversmesso-la-pillola http://saluteluielei.wordpress.com/2012/02/02/cerazette-guida/ http://spazioinwind.libero.it/claudioitaliano/pillola_effetti_collaterali.htm http://www.121doc.it/effetti-collaterali-pillola-giorno-dopo.html http://www.121doc.it/klaira-effetti-collaterali.html http://www.121doc.it/pillola-yasmin-effetti-collaterali.html http://www.121doc.it/press/ridurre-effetti-collaterali-pillola-anticoncezionale-8258.html http://www.angelini.it/areatematica-file/9615_La-pillola.htm http://www.barbaramonti.it/index.php?id=32 http://www.benessereblog.it/post/19421/con-la-pillola-del-giorno-dopoecco-quali-effetti-collaterali-possono-verificarsi http://www.benesserevillage.it/browse/for/Sesso%20e%20dintorni/Anticoncezionali/pillola-cerotto-anello-contraccezione-ormonale-ODA3 http://www.benesserevillage.it/browse/for/Sesso%20e%20dintorni/Anticoncezionali/quando-la-pillola-fa-male-al-sesso-OTcw http://www.brucialanotizia.it/2012/04/25/effetti-collaterali-dellapillola-anticoncezionale/ http://www.comodo.it/canali/news-sesso-aids-preservativo/pillola-delgiorno-dopo-effetti-del-farmaco-e-disinformazione/ http://www.contraccezionefemminile.it/cerazette-pillola-contraccettiva.html http://www.contraccezionefemminile.it/dianette-pillola-contraccettiva. html http://www.contraccezionefemminile.it/effetti-collaterali-pillolecontraccettive.html

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http://www.contraccezionefemminile.it/yasmin-pillola-contraccettiva. html http://www.diagnosia.com/it/farmaco/zoely-25-mg15-mg-compresse-rivestite-con-film http://www.disinformazione.it/pillola2.htm http://www.doctorj.ch/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=316:la-pillola-progestinica&catid=2:ginecolog ia&Itemid=8 http://www.dokteronline.com/it/diane-35/effetti-collaterali-di-diane35/ http://www.drorlandella.it/pillolaestroprogestinica.html http://www.euroclinix.it/effetti-indesiderati-collaterali-pillola.html http://www.humanitasalute.it/benessere-casa-e-lavoro/2618-pillolaeffetti-collaterali-addio http://www.inerboristeria.com/pillola-anticoncezionale-yasminelle.html http://www.informarmy.com/2012/05/pillola-anticoncezionale-ed-effetti. html http://www.macroedizioni.it/libri/pillola-scelta-giusta-per-te.php http://www.medicina360.com/pillola-del-giorno-dopo-effetti-collaterali.html http://www.medicitalia.it/consulti/archivio/150501-pillola_e_effetti_ collaterali.html http://www.medicitalia.it/consulti/archivio/305999-effetti_collaterali_pillola.html http://www.minerva.unito.it/Chimica&Industria/Dizionario/Supplementi01/Pillola/Pillola06.htm http://www.my-personaltrainer.it/benessere/pillola-del-giorno-dopoeffetti-collaterali.html http://www.ok-salute.it/Menopausa/pillola-anticoncezionale-ed-effettiindesiderati/j33398 http://www.scienzaeconoscenza.it/articolo/pillola-anticoncezionaleeffetti-collaterali.php http://www.stampalibera.com/?p=44532 http://www.tempi.it/la-bayer-spende-142-milioni-di-dollari-per-risarcire-chi-ha-assunto-lanticoncezionale-yasmin#.UMJ_uI6o8sY http://www.universonline.it/_sessoesalute/sesso/11_04_27_a.php http://www.vitadidonna.it/faq-salute/contraccezione/197-la-pillola-

anticoncezionale-yasmin-un-nuovo-prodotto.html http://www.viveredonna.it/come-funziona-la-pillola-abortiva-ru486/ http://www.webalice.it/italiano.domenico/pillola_effetti_collaterali_m.htm http://www.yourself.it/pillola-contraccettiva-gelosia-effetti-collaterali/

pillola + benefici http://benessere.guidone.it/2010/03/13/la-pillola-contraccettivariduce-il-rischio-di-tumore-ictus-e-problemi-cardiaci/ http://domanderisposte.tuttogratis.it/salute-e-benessere/5642/effettidella-pillola-anticoncezionale/841211/ http://donne.notizie.it/11948/ http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/f666/__f1187_f666-Che-beneficiapporta-smettere-la-pillola.html http://freeskipper.blogspot.it/2012/11/pillola-anticoncezionale-piubenefici.html http://guida-pillola-anticoncezionale.tumblr.com/ http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101009061707AAHqrK0 http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110330111950AAFUim6 http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110814162446AAs4Y1Z http://it.paperblog.com/pillola-anticoncezionale-piu-benefici-chedanni-1471377/ http://italiasalute.leonardo.it/news.asp?ID=7476 http://mammanews.blogspot.it/2012/03/dismenorrea-la-pillola-anticoncezionale.html http://pillolaanticoncezionale.com/pillola-anticoncezionale-effettiindesiderati.html http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2012/01/24/pillola-rischi-costi-benefici-anche-ultima-arrivata.html http://saluteluielei.wordpress.com/2012/06/22/20-buoni-motivi-perscegliere-la-pillola-anticoncezionale/ http://scienzamarcia.blogspot.it/2012/03/i-benefici-dellinositolo-ipossibili.html http://www.121doc.it/press/pillola-contraccettiva-benefici-salute-7679. html http://www.121doc.it/press/pillola-contraccettiva-preserva-fertilitafemminile-7729.html http://www.121doc.it/press/yasmin-yaz-yasminelle-aumentano-libido-7702.html http://www.alfemminile.com/__e1851-Benefici-della-pillola.html http://www.aogoi.it/opencms/video/domande/dossierPillola.html http://www.ciao.it/Opinionisulprodotto/Diane__273103 http://www.clicktocare.it/i-vantaggi-della-pillola-anche-la-fertilita/ http://www.contraccezionefemminile.it/vantaggi-svantaggi-pillolacontraccettiva.html http://www.disinformazione.it/pillola2.htm

http://www.donnamoderna.com/salute/pillole-nuova-generazione-anticoncezionale http://www.drorlandella.it/assunzionepillola.html http://www.esseredonnaonline.it/spazio-attualita/i-benefici-dellapillola-oltre-alla-contraccezione/ http://www.euroclinix.it/pillola-contraccettiva-e-acne.html http://www.euroclinix.it/press/pillola-anticoncezionale-non-dannosa. html http://www.genericafarmacia.com/blog/ulteriori-benefici-della-pillola/ http://www.girlpower.it/sex/contraccezione/pillola_guida.php http://www.illaico.it/sessualita/132-pillola-naturale-rischi-e-benefici http://www.inerboristeria.com/klaira-effetti-controindicazioni.html http://www.inerboristeria.com/pillola-anticoncezionale-yasminelle.html http://www.italianafarmacia.com/blog/i-benefici-della-pillola-anticoncezionale/ http://www.lastampa.it/2012/01/28/scienza/benessere/lifestyle/pillolacontraccettiva-un-mistero-per-il-delle-donne-BkcFIMWeoZSIsC3ng1pfQK/ pagina.html http://www.medicitalia.it/consulti/archivio/194418-pillola_yaz_e_cellulite.html http://www.meds4all.it/pillola-contraccettiva.html http://www.mondobenessereblog.com/2010/11/02/i-vantaggi-e-gli-svantaggi-della-pillola-anticoncezionale/ http://www.my-personaltrainer.it/salute/pillola-anticoncezionale.html http://www.postare.it/printthread.php?threadid=199503 http://www.prevenzionetumori.it/oncrisp/archivio/oncrisp_1204.html http://www.quotidianosanita.it/scienza-e-farmaci/articolo. php?articolo_id=7169 http://www.repubblica.it/2007/09/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/pillolacancro/pillola-cancro/pillola-cancro.html http://www.sceglitu.it/contraccezione/pillola/benefici-non-contracce/ benefici-non-contraccettivi-della-pillola/art-12 http://www.sceglitu.it/contraccezione/pillola/progestinica/e--indicata-per-me/art-8 http://www.sidr.it/cms/view/repronews/elenco_numeri/8_2_ottobre_2006/ elenco_news/la_pillola_estro_progestinica/s6465/c22283.html http://www.universonline.it/_sessoesalute/sesso/06_05_19_a.php http://www.youmed.it/it/video/pillola_anticoncezionale_i_benefici_collaterali.html

pillola+ impatto http://babycomp-italia.blogspot.it/2011/10/pillola-e-calo-dellalibido.html http://community.donnamoderna.com/blog/blog-di-ci_polla/impatto-zeroo-quasi-con http://community.girlpower.it/altro-zoely-la-pillola-che-non-ceravt194878.html http://d.repubblica.it/argomenti/2011/11/09/news/pillola_sesso_psicologia-647376/ http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/contra/__f43393_contra-Klaira-laprima-pillola-naturale.html http://forum.pianetamamma.it/contraccezione/86072-la-pillola-klaira. html http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110123043055AA0G1k3 http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillola_anticoncezionale http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utente:Fungo_velenoso/Sandbox/Pillola_anticoncezionale http://italia.prima-med.com/la-pillola-contraccettiva.html http://ladyfertility.forumattivo.com/t2016-pillola-senza-estrogeni http://mizcesena.blogspot.it/2009/01/per-il-vaticano-la-pillolainquina.html http://salute.pourfemme.it/articolo/e-arrivata-la-pillola-bio/251/ http://takecareblog.iljournal.it/2011/oggi-la-pillola-anticoncezionale-festeggia-50-anni/35499 http://vitaincoppiablog.blogspot.it/2012/06/per-molte-donne-lusodella-pillola.html http://www.121doc.it/cerazette.html http://www.121doc.it/pillola-anticoncezionale.html http://www.121doc.it/pillole-anticoncezionali.html http://www.121doc.it/press/pillola-anticoncezionale-salario-elevato-7850.html http://www.121doc.it/press/pillola-contraccettiva-promossa-preferitaal-profilattico-7759.html http://www.121doc.it/press/zoely-nuova-pillola-estrogeno-naturale-7713.html http://www.alessandragraziottin.it/pdf/articoli.php?ART_TYPE=GIOIA&EW_ FATHER=9860 http://www.alfemminile.com/mag/coppia/d94/c1506.html http://www.amando.it/sesso/contraccezione/nuova-pillola-zoely-estrogeni-naturali.html http://www.anagen.net/pillola_contraccettiva.htm

http://www.contraccezione.clicktocare.it/category/10-contraccezione/ metodi-ormonali/ http://www.deabyday.tv/salute-e-benessere/guide/4675/Come-sceglierela-contraccezione-ormonale--la-pillola.html http://www.dica33.it/cont/interviste/1111/0400/pillola-trombosi-identikit-rischia.asp http://www.diregiovani.it/rubriche/sesso-e-meglio/parliamo-di/8288-lapillola.dg http://www.esthetitaly.com/approfondimento/274/la_“pillola�:_davvero_ una_strada_verso_la_liberta http://www.euroclinix.it/bio-pillola-naturale.html http://www.euroclinix.it/press/zoely-nuova-pillola-contraccettiva.html http://www.forumsalute.it/community/forum_45_ginecologia_e_ostetricia/ thrd_51291_pillola_e_impatto_sul_fegato_1.html http://www.healthexpress.it/area-stampa-salute/pillola-anticoncezionale-migliora-sesso.html#axzz2EPbJ9Pkq http://www.healthexpress.it/klaira-qlaira.html#axzz2EPbJ9Pkq http://www.macrolibrarsi.it/speciali/anteprima-la-pillola-libro-dijane-bennett-e-alexandra-pope.php http://www.medicitalia.it/blasinicola/news/2706/Acquistare-la-pillolasenza-ricetta-medica http://www.medicitalia.it/consulti/archivio/299516-la_pillola_anticoncezionale_klaira.html http://www.minerva.unito.it/Chimica&Industria/Dizionario/Supplementi01/Pillola/Pillola04.htm http://www.occhiodelriciclone.com/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=251:e-arrivata-klaira-la-pillola-anticoncezionale-naturale&catid=27:articoli&Itemid=214 http://www.ok-salute.it/Endocrinologia/Klaira-e-impatto-metabolico/ j51398 http://www.pillola.org/tipi.html http://www.pourfemme.it/articolo/la-pillola-rende-le-donne-piu-bellee-sicure-di-se/23237/ http://www.quotidianosanita.it/scienza-e-farmaci/articolo. php?articolo_id=7908 http://www.repubblica.it/salute/medicina/2009/09/10/news/arriva_klaira_la_prima_pillola_naturale-5586485/ http://www.stetoscopio.net/gravidanza/la-pillola-compie-50-anni/ http://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/perlei/articoli/articolo459932.shtml http://www.uccronline.it/tag/pericoli-pillola-anticoncezionale/

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pillola + rischi http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2001/novembre/18/PILLOLA_SONO_ RISCHI__cs_0_0111181335.shtml http://blog.ilgiornale.it/locati/2011/03/28/se-la-pillola-va-giu/ http://donne.virgilio.it/benessere/salute-in-pratica/la-pillola-anticoncezionale-fa-male.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/beaute1/__f4006_beaute1-E-vero-chesmettendo-di-prendere-la-pillola.html http://forum.amando.it/rischio-pillola-87458/ http://forum.pianetamamma.it/cerchiamo-un-bambino/64475-dopo-la-pillola-ci-sono-rischi-per-portare-avanti-una-gravidanza.html http://genio.virgilio.it/domanda/113623/pillola-anticoncezionaleaumenta-rischio-trombosi http://guida-pillola-anticoncezionale.tumblr.com/ http://ilserpentedigaleno.blogosfere.it/2011/10/pillola-contraccettiva-due-studi-valutano-i-rischi.html http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081211124557AAMq2hi http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20121120092811AAm5H7Q http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillola_anticoncezionale http://italiasalute.leonardo.it/news.asp?ID=6526 http://lacoppettamestruale.forumattivo.com/t83p285-pillola-anticoncezionale-opinioni-uso-e-rischi http://ladyfertility.forumattivo.com/t206-rischio-di-gravidanza-dopol-interruzione-della-pillola http://magazine.quotidiano.net/salute/2012/12/07/ruolo-della-pillolaanticoncezionale-ed-il-rischio-di-tumore-al-seno/ http://salute-benessere.excite.it/canne-e-pillola.html http://salute-benessere.excite.it/incinta-prendendo-la-pillola-yaz. html http://spaziogiovani.ausl.pr.it/phorum/read.php?22,128697,page=3 http://vivalamamma.tgcom24.it/wpmu/2012/05/il-contraccettivo-piusicuro-non-e-la-pillola/ http://www.121doc.it/prendere-pillola.html http://www.150681.it/pillola-anticoncezionale-vantaggi-e-rischi/ http://www.aamterranuova.it/Novita-dal-mondo-Terra-Nuova/Pillola-eormoni-rischio-cancro http://www.albanesi.it/Salute/pillola.htm http://www.awog.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=516: pillola-anticoncezionale-e-rischio-trombotico&catid=127:la-contraccezionehttp://www.barbaramonti.it/index.php?id=32 http://www.corriere.it/salute/12_giugno_27/pillola-anticoncezionaleridurre-pericoli_1dd6eb20-bc47-11e1-9b58-5a664080906b.shtml

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http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/07/contraccettivi-e-gravidanza/ http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/07/contraccettivi-e-gravidanza/ http://www.farmacoecura.it/donna/pillola-anticoncezionale-quello-cheserve-sapere/ http://www.humanitasalute.it/prevenzione-e-stili-di-vita/2597-donnepillola-e-rischio-trombosi http://www.iltuouniversodonna.it/home2/index.php/risposte-on-line/etafertile/446-la-pillola-contraccettiva-aumenta-il-rischio-di-tumore-alseno.html http://www.iltuouniversodonna.it/home2/index.php/risposte-on-line/etafertile/446-la-pillola-contraccettiva-aumenta-il-rischio-di-tumore-alseno.html http://www.informarexresistere.fr/2012/06/09/pillole-anticoncezionalipericolose-la-bayer-paga-142-milioni-di-dollari/#axzz2EPEQoaA8 http://www.laleva.org/it/2005/07/cuori_a_rischio_con_la_pillola.html http://www.lapillolafamale.it/side/la-consapevolezza-e-la-pillola/ http://www.lapillolafamale.it/side/lo-scopo-nascosto-della-pillola/ http://www.marieclaire.it/Bellezza/Novita-sui-rischi-circolatori-della-pillola-anticoncezionale http://www.medicinalive.com/sesso-fertilita/andrologia/pillola-anticoncezionale-cose-quali-sono-i-vantaggi-e-i-rischi/ http://www.medicitalia.it/salute/pillola-anticoncezionale http://www.primadanoi.it/news/abruzzo/534453/La-nuova-pillola-anticoncezionale-aumenta-il.html http://www.repubblica.it/salute/benessere-donna/contraccezione/2010/07/19/news/cerotto_come_la_pillola_non_aumenta_il_rischio_di_ cancro-5680013/ http://www.repubblica.it/salute/esperti/ginecologia/2012/11/21/news/ il_ginecologo_omocisteina_alta_e_rischi_da_pillola-46740874/ http://www.saperesalute.it/disturbi-patologie/pillola-anticoncezionale-istruzioni-per-luso http://www.saperidoc.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/221/ UT/systemPrint http://www.scienzaeconoscenza.it/articolo/pillola-anticoncezionaleeffetti-collaterali.php http://www.sidr.it/cms/view/repronews/elenco_numeri/8_2_ottobre_2006/ elenco_news/la_pillola_estro_progestinica/s6465/c22283.html http://www.uccronline.it/2012/07/27/nuovo-studio-pillola-anticoncezionale-aumenta-rischio-di-infarto-e-ictus/ http://www.vitadidonna.it/salute/contraccezione/4094-la-pillola-anticoncezionale-istruzioni.html http://www.viviconsapevole.it/articoli/pillola-anticoncezionale-lucied-ombre.php

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