Salk Institute: An Integration of Spaces, Light, and Natural Settings, Research (TU Delft, 2018)

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Salk Institute: An Integration of Spaces, Light, and Natural Settings Ananta Vania Iswardhani MSc 1: Public Building Studio - Public Realm Delft University of Technology

Salk Institute: An Integration of Spaces, Light, and Natural Settings Salk Institute was designed as two symmetrical buildings, which were arranged to be adjacent to the north-south orientation facing the pacific ocean. Thus, both buildings have two distinct spatial qualities when exposed to sunlight. Even though the sunlight changes throughout the day, it could penetrate into the buildings in five different periods of time.

There is a courtyard separating these buildings, which has a similar width to both buildings.The courtyard does not have any vertical elements on it and it is equipped with a horizontal water feature in the center. Consequently, the buildings and the courtyard create a strong framing towards the ocean and the sky, which later become a famous character of Salk Institute.

There are two main functions in each building, which are the study tower and the laboratory tower. The study rooms that act as individual private spaces, while the laboratories perform as collaborative spaces that evoke discussion between the scientists.

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The drawing meant to examine the architecture elements that influence the quality and the quantity of the light and the natural settings in each room, to show the light effects in the morning and the afternoon in both buildings, and to indicate the characters of the faรงade.

THE STUDY ROOMS These rooms have a direct view of the ocean and the courtyard. All rooms have a diagonal vertical plane so that the rooms in the front would not block the view of the rooms behind. As the ocean-facing side of each room does not have any cantilevers, Kahn created an opening which has 1/3 width of the vertical planes to avoid the excessive sunlight. Kahn also designed the openings with operable glass windows and teak wood frames so that the users could decide whether they want to let the light in. These windows have both sliding and louver mechanism to achieve the desired amount of natural light.

These openings are bordered with two small fixed-glass windows on the sides so that the light could still infiltrate into the rooms even when the operable windows are fully closed.

THE LABORATORIES The laboratories do not have any direct visual access of the ocean.

Kahn created voids in between the study towers, the laboratory tower, and the circulation towers as an effort to put the light into the buildings. These voids are also used as social spaces and as visual orientation. Full-size double-strength glass doors and windows were designed as the openings of the laboratory towers as an attempt to maximize the natural light. The laboratories also have overhangs to protect the windows from direct sunlight.

Kahn applied the served and servant space systems, which are integrated with the vierendeel concrete truss structure. Three served floors to provide the main human activities and three servant floors in between to house the mechanical and the technical equipment. The structure and the program make it possible for the rooms to be free of any structural columns and walls as well as equipment. These allow light to come into the room with the minimum amount of boundaries and result in adaptable and flexible laboratory spaces.

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LEGENDS Massive Plane / Wall Transparent Plane / Windows or Door Operable/Movable Panels

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This drawing concludes the three building elements which Kahn used and explored to integrate light and the natural settings into the design of Salk Institute. One fragment of the laboratory tower is presented to highlight how the design and the technical aspects of architecture could be significant in creating a building that serves the functional, the social, and the human aspects well.

THE VIERENDEEL CONCRETE TRUSS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SERVED AND SERVANT SPACE The presence of the structural, the technical, and the mechanical elements in the activity spaces were minimized to achieve an adaptable and aesthetics program as well as to maximize the light.

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3 THE OPENING SYSTEM, which are the windows and the doors.

The transparency and the massiveness of the materials, the dimension of the openings, the existence of the sun-shading elements, as well as the operability of the openings were explored to control the amount of light that comes into the building.

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THE EXISTENCE OF THE COURTYARDS as the visual orientation and to put the light into the buildings. Kahn distinguishes the role of each courtyard by changing the scale and the ratio as well as the material and the existence of vertical and horizontal objects, such as trees, fixtures, and water feature.