Anagha Ravi
I am an aspiring design researcher who understands the importance of empathy, intuitive design & critical thinking. My strengths include writing, rapid sketching & research enquiry skills.
01 Brief:
Choose a target demographic affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and create a solution that betters their lives
Our approach:
How does COVID-19 affect breadwinners who continue to venture outside of the safety of their homes?
Empathize During a period of complete lockdown in April-May 2020, a netnography was held for breadwinners & front-line workers and the formula used to draw insights was:
What they said
What we know
Insights
Observations
Secondary Research
Informed Conclusions
We quickly realized that staying at home is not ideal and the infrastructure in India needs updation to truly allow people to work from home uninterrupted. Despite that, essential workers must venture out of their homes. So we further understood their journey.
Drawing an empathy map for all the concerns and frustrations voiced by our target users helped us understand how volatile working from home is and the desperate need breadwinners feel to get back to physical workplaces.
“I can't stay at home and work, I'm bored” “People should stop panic buying” “Hope this situation is temporary” ”Some of us don't get paid if we don't go out of the house and go to work”
SAID
They use online conference rooms and phone calls for conversing Take preventive measures if they have to work Get involved in housework They try to go to work as often as possible, unless explicitly asked not to Spend more time with family
Productivity is much lower because of online conferencing Will the government help the people and country recover? Wondering when the offices will open? Necessities are being hoarded because of panic buying
THOUGHT
DID
Angered because they're being asked to stay at home Bored with no work to do at home Stressed about the uncertainty of the future Hopeful of the government helping those dependent on being physically present to earn for the family
FELT
Define To look beyond the straight answers being given to us, we employed the root cause analysis technique. I especially enjoyed this method and was responsible for its execution. Here are some excerpts: Breadwinners are concerned about physically going to work
Productivity has been low among WFH employees
Those who have been going out have been infected
They are distracted & anxious and can’t concentrate
They have been careless about precautions they must take
There is no isolated office atmosphere at home
Constantly being sanitized is a hassle It requires reminders and diverts attention away from work
Inadequate infrastructure for WiFi and personal space Homes weren’t modelled to support WFH long-term
Re-Empathize Having figured that not going to work was causing frustration but going to work is causing anxiety among our users, we sought to understand how better to solve this by reaching out to them again this time, employing a Day-In-The-Life method for those who go to work in the pandemic. Wake Up (8:00 am)
Freshen up, read the paper, drink coffee and eat breakfast
Travel to Work (9:45 am)
Sanitizing car before sitting, driving with mask & gloves on
Lunch (1:00 pm)
Take a break and grab a bite to eat at staggered intervals to avoid close contact with co-workers
Travel home (5:00 pm)
Leave office, sanitize on the way out and drive home
Exercise (7:30 pm)
Go for a jog, meet with building friends sanitize when they go down and before re-entering home
Retire to Bed (10:00 pm)
Get Ready (9:00 am)
Take a shower, get dressed, pack bag, double check for mask, sanitizer & watch
Work (9:00 am)
Usually involves phone calls, interacting with co-workers/clients
Continue Work (1:30 pm)
Work at a slower pace with phone calls, interacting with co-workers/clients
Freshen Up (6:00 pm)
Get home and do steam inhalation, take a shower, put clothes to wash to reduce risk of virus followed by tea
Family Time (8:30 pm)
Eat dinner with family and talk about latest news surounding COVID-19
Light reading, scrolling through social media/news and going to sleep
Thus, the refined problem statement is: To create a solution that allows breadwinners to leave their homes safely for work during the COVID-19 lockdown without causing any hindrance to health for themselves and the people around them
Ideate We used tools like Opposite Thinking, SCAMPER and mindmapping to aid us in the ideation process, here are some excerpts:
Top View
Side View
Front View
Prototype Owing to heavy lockdown and limited resources, we made quick makeshift prototypes: Existing watch Light to test reminder system
Sachet as makeshift sanitizer compartment
Testing
The press action was preferred
The feedback was to not concentrate the bulk of the sanitizer in one area
Users found a light extremely startling but seemed to not mind the light vibrations
Works Cited Check out our video about the working of Nira: https://drive.google.com/file/d/19rv4U3Zs3URyWWd_3B5GE-_2VoyDtL5d/view Check out our video about the prototyping and testing phase: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Q9lwD90KFHSS5CAV67ZzNSrsNDYzWZS_/view 1. Network, FACTS. “Hand Me the Hand Sanitizer: When and When Not to Use It.” IFIC Foundation, 10 Oct. 2018, foodinsight. org/hand-me-the-hand-sanitizer-when-and-when-not-to-use-it/. 2. “This Wearable Hand Sanitizer Dispenser Pumps Disinfectant Into Your Palm With The Push of a Button.” Odditymall, 12 May 2020, odditymall.com/wearable-hand-sanitizer-dispenser-wrist-band. 3. Couya. “COUYA Silver Wide Grooved Cuff Bangle for Women Girls Stainless Steel Shiny Punk Bracelet.” Amazon, 2019, www. amazon.com/COUYA-Fashion-Stainless-Polished-Bracelet/dp/B01GOE1HZ2?ref_=fsclp _pl_dp_4. 4. Bocko, Lovelle. “'Eco, Bio and Zero Waste' by Lovelle Bocko.” 5. Iconfinder, www.iconfinder.com/icons/4611070/hand_handmade_love_made_with_love_icon. “Hand, Handmade, Love, Made with Love Icon.” Iconfinder, 2020, www.iconfinder.com/icons/4611070/hand_ handmade_love_made_with_love_icon. 6. Sokolfly. “Vector Zero Waste Logo Design Template. Arrow ...” Clip Dealer, en.clipdealer.com/vector/media /A:111401153. 7. Siang, Teo Yu. “What Is Design Thinking?” Interaction Design Foundation, 2019, www.interaction-design.org /literature/topics/design-thinking. 8. “Introducing the Field Guide.” Design Kit, www.designkit.org/. 9. Curedale, Robert. Design Thinking: Process & Methods Manual. Createspace Independent Pub, 2013, Google Books, books. google.co.in/books/about/Design_Thinking.html?id=2YHingEACAAJ&redir_esc=y.
02 Brief:
Empathize effectively with a target demographic
Our approach:
What are the factors that affect the Indian upper middle class’ mindset towards Amazon’s most commonly used packaging material post its use?
Why Middle Class? In accordance with the method of self-identification,
50%
of India's population identifies as middle class and this number sees a 10% rise in the urban sector which told us that the urban population seems to be more eager to identify themselves in this category.⁸
Amazon is associated with being a one-stop affordable online platform with unlimited options making the brand popular with the middle class and the perfect choice for this study.1
Why Cardboard Packaging?
68%
of all online sales are delivered in cardboard boxes. In 2019, Amazon itself sold enough cardboard boxes to cover of the world's equator!⁵
99%
These qualities make corrugated cardboard the most popular choice in delivery packaging despite the newest trend of plastic packaging otherwise.
1 2
durability
lightweight
product protection
affordability
3 4
These qualities make corrugated cardboard the most popular choice in delivery packaging despite the newest trend of plastic packaging otherwise3
What’s Wrong with Current Schemes? The likes of Amazon e-commerce have some initiatives for frustration-free packaging through reduced plastic and second life initiatives however, awareness about these programs are low and the impact is nominal.⁷
7,000,000,000 750,000 packages were sold by Amazon in 2019 however only
boxes were saved using Amazon’s Frustration-Free program⁷
Thus, schemes today are made and then marketed to the users rather than being centred around the users to begin with
Primary Type of research method pursued: Medium used: Number of respondents: Demographic of respondents:
Survey Google Forms 123 amazon.in middle class customers between 20-60 years of age
My contribution was in terms of framing the questions of this questionnaire with sensitivity, reducing respondent bias and making the survey more insightful. For instance, instead of directly asking our respondents - “Would you take part in a recycling scheme?” which would illicit a default positive response - more insightful questions proved to be: If there was a law making it compulsory to recycle cardboard, how would you prefer to do it? While delivering your next order, the delivery guy picks up the old packaging By giving it to the local raddiwala Dropping it off at a common collection point Having somebody come and pick it up from home Would have a cardboard/ paper material collection box outside my building or area. Go to a nearby recycling plant yourself Other: reverse logistics
We used the survey to gain insights into the users’ most common way of dealing with packaging waste, their perception of what happens to packaging once thrown away and their willingness to repurpose and/or recycle their packaging. Type of research method pursued: Media used: Number of respondents: Demographic of respondents:
Personal interviews Zoom video/audio calls, physical interactions 25 16 amazon.in middle class customers, 2 recycling process experts 4 raddiwalas (scrap dealers) 3 housekeeping staff
We found that the raddiwalas and housekeeping staff are responsible for collection and segregation but do not concern themselves with the consequences of the material they collect. Their main motivation is the price they are paid for this collection and this brings discrepancy into their method of collection. Expert emphasizes on improper collection practices that damage cardboard boxes, deeming them unfit for recycle
User demonstrates how he reuses packaging for storage
Research Type of research method pursued: Medium used: Number of respondents: Demographic of respondents:
Card Sorting Online miro board 16 amazon.in middle class customers between 20-60 years of age
Our target users: Those who chose Time, Money & Patriotism as #1 Value While Online Shopping
Card sorting was conducted through visuals provided to represent different values/priorities the user has in different scenarios like sustainability, online shopping, to feel positive and in being motivated to recycle. In each case, the top three priorities were asked of the users.
What is the most important value in life to you?
To analyse and compare results across questions, I learnt Pivot table in Excel. To achieve this, it was important to ensure that the visuals were as universal and objective as possible. Further, an important learning was to recognize that users being considered for card sorting must be comfortable with being opinionated and with decision-making. Type of research method pursued: Medium used: Number of respondents: Demographic of respondents:
Diads & Triads Zoom video/audio calls 2 diads, 1 triad 1 full-time working married couple, 1 family of three 1 mother and daughter who practice sustainability actively
A user captured the excitement with which their partner opens packages
This method provided an important insight into the interpersonal relationships’ effects on sustainable practices and perceptions surrounding it. Thus, the family dynamics influence the world view, especially of young minds and affect the dedication of time and money towards sustainable practices.
Insights & How According to our interaction with consumers, subject matter experts and the middlemen, The Indian middle class user believes the process of recycling is -
Consumers give their cardboard boxes
to raddiwalas (scrapdealers) for collection & segregation
which they assume goes straight to a recycling factory
But the actual process of recycling and disposal of cardboard boxes in India is -
Consumers give their cardboard boxes
to raddiwalas (scrapdealers) for collection & segregation
and they give the rest to gaddiwalas who amass enough in warehouses
and they throw the unfit cardboard boxes to landfills
boxes that are in recyclable condition to give to the facility
Our interaction with different stakeholders helped confirm that although users would like to contribute towards a sustainable cause, they must be informed and guided through the process of participation while also adding value to their lives as a factor of motivation
w Might We’s Accountability The Indian upper middle class would like to participate in sustainability as part of a larger community and expect bodies with large reach & ample resources like governments & brands with global presence like Amazon to initiate this process, allowing the buyer to feel validated while also keeping up-to-date with ongoing trends. Perception of Cardboard
Cardboard packaging being used for purposes other than its primary
When asked during card sorting, our users valued community the most for taking part in recycling
Cardboard inherently loses its worth in the eyes of the user post-delivery while at the same time carrying the perception of being a ‘jugaad’ material for uses other than its primary purpose. This makes it perfect for repurposing into something that is also considered equally “worthless” for spending time and/or money on while still adding value to the user’s life like, storing garbage & levelling furniture.
Perception of Sustainability & Sustainable Practices The user’s willingness to repurpose packaging allows them to see tangibly the lengthening of the product’s life maximizing their money’s worth while also making them privy to the positive consequences of their efforts to be sustainable. Guilt in users who throw away their packaging is compensated for by dedication of money to the cause and impersonalization when speaking of ideal situations.
Accordingly, a few of our How Might We’s we arrived at were:
How might might we we mobilize mobilize the the engaging engaging experience experience of of opening opening aa package package to to gain gain How the user’s user’s trust trust & & interest interest in in sustainable sustainable schemes? schemes? the How might might we we create create an an all-inclusive all-inclusive family family experience experience to to repurposing/recycling repurposing/recycling How packaging for for the the Indian Indian middle middle class class so so that that we we may may increase increase sustainability sustainability practices? practices? packaging How might might we we reimagine reimagine the the idea idea of of packaging packaging for for the the Amazon Amazon shopper shopper How to be be beyond beyond protection protection of of products products so so that that it it is is desirable desirable post-use? post-use? to How might might we we tangibly tangibly demonstrate demonstrate the the value value addition addition of of repurposing repurposing to to How the Indian Indian upper upper middle middle class class so so that that they they feel feel their their money’s money’s worth worth had had been been maximized? maximized? the
Works Cited 1. “Amazon Launches First Online Shopping Site in India.” BBC News. BBC, June 5, 2013. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-22780571. 2. Bajpai, Pratima. “Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper.” Google Books. Google, November 21, 2013. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DZ3TAAAAQBAJ. 3. “Benefits of Corrugated Cardboard for Packaging.” Heritage Paper, August 16, 2017. https://www.heritagepaper.net/benefits-of-corrugated-cardboard-for-packaging/. 4. Chaudhary, Smriti. “A Whooping $7 Billion On-Stake In India As Amazon Takes On Walmart-Owned Flipkart.” Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News, October 19, 2020. https://eurasiantimes.com/a-whooping-7-billion-on-stake-in-india-as-amazon-takes-on-walmart -owned-flipkart/. 5. Chaurasia, Sandesh. “How India's Middle Class Is Drawing Big MNC Consumer Companies.” The Economic Times. Economic Times, August 30, 2018. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ industry/services/retail/how-indias-middle-class-is-drawing-big-mnc-consumer-companies/ articleshow/65611421.cms?from=mdr. 6. Cremaschi, Emanuele. Emanuele Cremaschi / Getty Images. September 4, 2019. https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/04/amazon-flipkart-plastic-india/. 7. Halan, Deepak. “Impact of COVID-19 on Online Shopping in India - Re-Tales by Dr. Deepak Halan: ET Retail.” ETRetail.com, March 25, 2020. https://retail. economictimes.indiatimes.com/re-tales/impact-of-covid-19-on-online-shopping-in-india/4115. 8. Kapur, Devesh, Neelanjan Sircar, and Milan Vaishnav. The New Middle Class Data and Perceptions, n.d. 9. Modern, Honestly. “10 Fun & Easy Ways To Reuse Cardboard Boxes.” Honestly Modern, November 29, 2020. https://www.honestlymodern.com/5-ways-to-reuse-your-amazon -cardboard-boxes/. 10. Perry, Chris. “Addressing Amazon's 'Frustration-Free Packaging' Requirements.” Path to Purchase IQ. Accessed December 17, 2020. https://pathtopurchaseiq.com/addressingamazons-frustration-free-packaging-requirements. 11. Premack, Rachel. “Viral Videos Have Terrified People into Opposing Amazon's Plastic Packaging. Here's Why They're Wrong.” Business Insider, November 12, 2019. https://www.businessinsider.in /business/news/viral-videos-have-terrified-people-into-opposing-amazons-plastic-packaging-heres -why-theyre-wrong-/articleshow/72025380.cms. 12. Rathi, Vaibhav. “Why Recycling Is Not A Bankable Venture in India.” Why recycling is not a bankable venture in India, October 29, 2019. http://www.sustainabilityoutlook.in/content/ why-recycling-not-bankable-venture-india-765644. 13. “Recycling Our Products.” Amazon.in Help: Recycling Our Products. Accessed December 17, 2020. https://www.amazon.in/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=200197550. 14. Research Department, Statista. “Amazon - Statistics & Facts.” Statista, October 26, 2020. https://www.statista.com/topics/846/amazon/. 15. “Rethinking Plastic Packaging – towards a Circular Economy.” Unilever global company website. Accessed December 17, 2020. https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/reducingenvironmental-impact/waste-and-packaging/rethinking-plastic-packaging/. 16. Reynolds, Matt. “Survey: E-Commerce Packaging Materials, Pain Points, and Methods.” Packaging World, July 11, 2019. https://www.packworld.com/home/article/13377815/ survey-ecommerce-packaging-materials-pain-points-and-methods. 17. Shejale, Prasad. “Retail 2020: What Will Indian Shoppers Expect - ET Retail.” ETRetail.com. Economic Times, January 27, 2020. https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ industry/retail-2020-what-will-indian-shoppers-expect/73664679. 18. Smalley, Megan. “Amazon India Unveils Sustainable Packaging Initiatives.” Recycling Today. Recycling Today, September 10, 2019. https://www.recyclingtoday.com/article/amazon-india -sustainability-plan-2020-corrugate-single-use-plastic-packaging/. 19. “Sustainability Report 2020.” IKEA. Accessed December 17, 2020. https://www.ikea.com/au/ en/this-is-ikea/sustainable-everyday/sustainability-report-2020-pub6a8963a0. 20. “Top 5 Benefits of Plastic Packaging.” Design & Blowmolding, March 7, 2018. https://www.custom -pak.com/top-5-benefits-of-plastic-packaging/.
03 Brief:
Study innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic for a personal area of interest
My approach:
To evaluate the claim: 'Pandemics are a catalyst to progress' through a study of past & present pandemics to predict the future
Scope of Study:
Using the Day-In-The-Life method of representing literature review o Herbs were used to treat symptoms like rashes, swollen throats and cough was accompanied by bad breath Christianity rose and became the official religion for practice after the pandemic because of humanitarian practices [21]
Disease affected and killed people within two weeks and if not, they would develop immunity against it
Trade on the Silk Route was the main cause [18]
Gladiators, slaves and all able-bodied men had to join the army [19] (Watts, 2020)
5 Past Pandemics
of past pandemics, a web comic was created with each pandemic detailed: Rings & amulets were believed to build immunity
Humorism was an important treatment method
Cold water baths were undertaken [16]
Tombs and graves overflowed and burial pits were made [17]
Farmers struggled and were forced to pay taxes despite not being able to produce grain It was the beginning of the decline of the Roman empire The army was impacted greatly and invasions were rampant (Horgan, 2014)
Scope of Study:
Using the Day-In-The-Life method of representing literature review o “The touch of cloth” was believed to spread the plague so victims were left naked to die People were initially affected by rats on ships and often killed in a day showing symptoms like blackened hands, boils, intense pain, seizures
People believed god was punishing them and intense beliefs led to the rise of protestant churches and flagellation
The doctors were feared and suffered from class-bias
“Death ships” stayed at port in a 40-day quarantine (Sullivan, Onion, Mullen., 2010)
5 Past Pandemics
of past pandemics, a web comic was created with each pandemic detailed:
Rats were the main cause for spread of the flu but most of the general public did not readily believe this
This was the first time the use of masks was pushed on people and subsidized healthcare became prevalent [13]
It affected the underdeveloped and poor countries like India because of the malnourishment, lack of hygiene and unregulated trade [5][6]
When unrest increased, houses with flu patients were burnt, especially in India
Emergency hospitals were built overnight (Spinney, 2020)
One of the first pandemics to have been detected in advance and predicted to become an epidemic The previous pandemic had slowed the WWI to a halt but the leaders could not depend on that this time around
Doctors and nurses were overworked and falling ill - were taken off signing duty
Children and the fit of the society formed a shocking 49% of victims [28]
The press went against the WHO guidelines and reported very sharply about the flu from Asia that would soon cause a recession [14] (Jackson, 2009)
Analysis of Innovation in Past Pandemics The 5 pandemics were analyzed in terms of impact they made in 5 major categories of innovation which were as follows:
Antonine Plague
Innovation in Healthcare
Innovation by Government (Policies, Military, Education, etc.)
Innovation in Physical Spaces
Innovation in Technology
Innovation at an Individual Level
Justinian Plague
Bubonic Plague
1918 Flu Pandemic
Asian Flu Pandemic
Further, for understanding the current pandemic - from people who stitch their own masks multiple itnerviews were conducted and webinars were attended.
Saurabh Laddha IIM Bangalore, AI Evangelist Vice President at Maistering B. V.
Jayakrishnan Nair Head of Department - IGCSE & IBDP for Indus International School, Pune
Nidhi Bhusari An essential services employee who comes home to her young child
Rohan Acharya Arvind Ravi A work-from-home employee who has A student living and studying in to divide time between work and Germany, navigating the country taking care of his toddlers
Ravi Anand Rao PhD from IIM Bangalore Member of the Board at Capstone
Experts believe that the pandemic is affecting interactions as well as production in ways industries are not prepared to handle. Essential workers are taking extra precautions by stitching their own masks to deal with production shortage and setting up self-made measures for ensuring social distancing.
6 feet
to experts’ views on how the healthcare sector would impact other industries’ innovations During the pandemic, there was a mushrooming of makeshift innovations for example, foot-pedal sanitizing stations, collapsible hospital beds and portable ventillators. Further, those working have managed to make smaller changes like working from their cars and making a game out of sanitizing to sensitize kids.
Pradyumna Vyas Former Executive Director of NID
Gomathi Ganapthiraman Someone who stitches her own masks
Darshan Mehta President and CEO of Reliance Brands
Meenakshi Bedi An essential service worker at the hospital who constantly has to be in PPE/headgear and must keep safe
Works Cited 1.
S. (2020). Outbreak: 10 of the Worst Pandemics in History By Staff. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://www.mphonline.org/worst-pandemics-in-history/?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=686fc13ef49264c0f89c855 26e03715a2dbd97c0-1591116674-0-AcPFKHdb8p4RoYxvzik2ckM4HqtV_iUPG3sgd8XFqvSyKUxqwbb_pDEAO Phd61-I6vMP4eBHI2z7v-1gbJlILaNtMlMrssSkCD9s5-lrYWqczZegzJNGRMyLXN4HaAqFDvv6zxfu66EWfcuminL VpuORfW1Nn7rwk-ruQn3kAlSMQjwVbqlrxv5qVypeJFN3Gfk_q09SyuZ-_d2r55yYkI74-y8xgR5wE8t6o74ydwr8v 3oDKVDsL94a0xJIF7edyGpN4FQTcMa1SWEIXBs-_PJMoPQBwBudvRbArqvCd2t3U4oim3Qk_lmoT9b_0h_y0Cy 0CKlnBOZ4mXLeI7QMf2Z1qpe9Qg9zq8UtMLYZaSrTpl_b2VHdkBUvT5aOJFC61_-5pzpKJrM-UDYRKhFpfL4kQ 4a8JdaGvQLWA7lAheNFOcR00MnTwual7WEUaYqUd4InD32dJ7TNa0z3uyo-11kz3Vch3uuFevyM-CVFs8d6Nx YWYJEQVJX2nRbG2_PP7sJWzwCsq6zwf9smL4MJwYJH9UXdFnSRk8vFFc0TELuevu9_xVUO4x5hyzc97V2la V8adjeYjdbbKkU5RAIsULw 2. Dr John Tang, U. (2020, June 22). The lessons from past pandemics. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://pursuit. unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-lessons-from-past-pandemics 3. Ehs1926, ~. (2020, May 21). The Long Run. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://ehsthelongrun.net/ 4. Angel Desai, M. (2020, June 02). Twentieth-Century Lessons for a Modern Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2765379 4. History Repeating Itself: How This 2020 Pandemic Looks Startlingly Similar To 1918 Flu. (2020, May 05). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://khn.org/morning-breakout/history-repeating-itself-how-this-2020-pandemic -looks-startlingly-similar-to-1918-flu/ 5. Woodward, C. (2020, May 05). Virus-afflicted 2020 looks like 1918 despite science's march. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://apnews.com/6c45a08d3c2ea96e4edeb7e55a6a107e 6. Gurteen, D. (n.d.). Knowledge, Creativity and Innovation by David Gurteen (Gurteen Knowledge). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/kci-article 7. Tucker, C. (2020, May 08). 10 innovative coronavirus solutions created during online hackathons. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://www.eu-startups.com/2020/05/10-innovative-coronavirus-solutions-createdduring-online-hackathons/ 8. Ramanan, R. (2020, April 17). As India Reels Under Covid-19 Outbreak, Here's How Community Innovation Centers Can Offer Unique Solutions. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/as-india-reelsunder-covid-19-outbreak-heres-how-community-innovation-centers-can-offer-unique-solutions-2581903.html9. 9. Science and innovation funds key to COVID-19 responses and beyond. (2020, May 11). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2368 10. Cunniff, A. (2020, May 28). Event Summary: Innovation During COVID 19: From Vaccines to Open Source Ventilators to Homemade Masks. 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