SURF Class of 2015

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

Summer Undergraduate Research f o Fellows Class 5 1 0 2

Undergraduate research with RI EPSCoR Through the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program, Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR provides unparalleled training and research experience for students earning their degrees at institutions of higher education in the Ocean State.

With the 38 members of the 2015 SURF class, RI NSF EPSCoR has supported 252 undergraduates in summer research since the program’s inception in 2007.

In addition to working in the labs of faculty mentors and out in the field, the undergraduates gain opportunities for professional development and present their findings at the Annual RI SURF Conference, now in its eighth year.

scientist, which is more than learning some scientific content or techniques.”

Through the intensive summer research program, undergraduates gain a unique opportunity to engage with the community of scientific thinkers, according to Lemire: “They learn how to navigate the obstacles that inevitably face every scientist, both in their research and in their collaborations with others. They learn that there is more to being a scientist than designing an experiment and collecting data.”

The event, held at the University of Rhode Island’s Kingston, RI, campus, is co-sponsored by Rhode Island IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (RI-INBRE) and the Rhode Island NSF Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (RI NSF EPSCoR).

The students gain acceptance to the program through a competitive application process and work under the guidance of faculty, postdoctoral researchers and graduate students, and along side their peers.

The process emphasizes communication and analytic skills, and exposes students to the many career opportunities available for scientists, from the ground floor of new research to the production of biodiesel and pharmaceuticals or writing about science to convey the importance of breakthroughs.

“The SURF program has been, and is being, successful in its mission to help train the next generation of scientists in Rhode Island,” says Jim Lemire, RI NSF EPSCoR coordinator of undergraduate research. “Hundreds of students have learned what it is like to be a

Lemire says, “For 10 weeks, these students get to live and breathe science, not as an undergraduate trying to make it through their genetics or organic chemistry course, but as an active participant in the scientific pursuit of knowledge.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR | web.uri.edu/rinsfepscor/ www.facebook.com/RhodeIslandEPSCoR | www.twitter.com/RIEPSCoR | www.linkedin.com/in/rinsfepscor

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Stephanie Andersen | University of Rhode Island

Gene expression changes due to climate change in a marine invertebrate Mentor: Steve Irvine, University of Rhode Island Major: Biological sciences Career path: Primary care physician Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: We are studying Ciona intestinalis, an invasive species in Rhode Island that is commonly known as the sea squirt. The sea squirt is a marine invertebrate with a sac-like body and two siphons. We are looking to see how protein expression in sea squirts changes when they grow up in temperature and pH levels consistent with projected ocean warming. We expect that protein expression in the sea squirts will change when they are reared at temperature and pH levels consistent with projected ocean warming.

Why SURF: I am currently working on completing my bachelor’s degree in biological sciences, and I intend to pursue a career in internal medicine. I have very much enjoyed performing undergraduate research because it has allowed me to see how scientific techniques and theories I have learned about in class are applied to current, useful investigations.

I wanted to continue building upon the strong foundation of scientific knowledge that I had gained in my studies by participating in more research projects. I believe that medicine and scientific research go handin-hand because both require critical analysis in order to understand how living organisms function.

The impact: The SURF experience has helped me learn to develop good questions and to then use various methods to explore answers to those questions. In medicine as well as in research there are seldom simple answers, so undergraduate research experience has helped me develop perseverance and patience in approaching complex issues. I have been able to practice communicating clearly and effectively while collaborating with a team. In addition, scientific research and medicine both frequently involve unexpected situations, so I think that SURF has helped me learn to adapt to such situations.

Most memorable research moment: I was thrilled when we ran our first successful protein gel. It took much time and energy to learn the technique, so when we finally achieved our desired goal we were very excited.

“Undergraduate research experience has helped me develop perseverance and patience in approaching complex issues.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Erin Borbee | Roger Williams University

Gene expression changes due to climate change in a marine invertebrate Mentor: Steve Irvine, University of Rhode Island Major: Marine biology and chemistry Career path: Research scientist Expected graduation: 2017 SURF project goal: We are trying to see if the sea squirt species Ciona intestinalis, a marine invertebrate, expresses different proteins when living in different temperature environments. We do expect temperature to have some effect on the sea squirts and what proteins they express, but we do not have much of an idea as to what specific proteins will or will not appear at certain temperatures.

Why SURF: I had heard about the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program from other students who had participated in the past, and they all said it was a great experience, and a few of my professors had also recommended it to me.

The SURF program has been really interesting working at a different university than the one I attend. I have been able to pick up skills in areas of science that I had no experience in prior to this program.

In addition to the science aspect of the program, I have also been able to work with and meet other students with similar interests to mine, which has been great.

Most memorable research moment: Despite always seeming to go on rainy or cold days, our trips to Snug Harbor to collect sea squirts from the dock were always fun and definitely some of the best parts of the summer.

“I had heard about

the SURF program from other students who had participated in the past, and they all said it was a great experience ... I have been able to pick up skills in areas of science that I had no experience in prior to this program.�

Mentors: Carol Thornber & Lindsay Green, University of Rhode Island Major: Biological sciences Career path: Working with plants Expected graduation: 2016 SURF project goal: I am comparing the amount of holes in two species of Ulva (a bloom-forming seaweed) after they are grown in high and low water flow environments in Greenwich Bay and in outdoor tanks. I expect that if holes aid in nutrient uptake, then the algae grown in low water flow will have more holes.

Why SURF: I wanted to continue the research that I have been working on throughout this past semester. I have had a great summer so far.

I am grateful for the opportunity to continue my research in the field. I have learned a lot about experimental design and training new people.

I’m sure these will help me in the future.

Most memorable research moment: It’s not necessarily a single moment, but I doubt I will forget getting paid to snorkel on some really beautiful days.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Ivy Burns | University of Rhode Island

Hole-y Ulva: Examining the roles of holes in bloom-forming macroalgae

“I am grateful for the opportunity to continue my research in the field. I have learned a lot about experimental design and training new people.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Heather Chan | University of Rhode Island

Impacts of anthropogenic nutrient pollution on coastal marine invertebrate greenhouse gas emissions

Mentors: Serena Moseman-Valtierra & Melanie Garate, University of Rhode Island Major: Marine biology and geological oceanography Career path: Researcher and professor Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: I am hoping to accomplish an abundance count within Narragansett Bay of invertebrates to see if N2O (nitrous oxide) productions correlate to the number of invertebrates at different distances from anthropogenic inputs, such as wastewater outputs. I expect that abundances and N20 emissions in the northern part of the Bay will be lower per meter squared than that in the southern parts due to anthropogenic inputs.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program because it would give me more experience in the field, as well as in the lab. So far, my experience has been great. The lab in which I work in is very supportive, and has given me great opportunities for this summer. I feel that I am getting guidance and research opportunities that I would not have received otherwise.

Most memorable research moment: So far, my most memorable research moment has been being able to dive so much and often for my project, as well as the satisfying feeling of finding mollusks within my transects.

“The lab in which

I work is very supportive, and has given me great opportunities for this summer. I feel that I am getting guidance and research opportunities that I would not have received otherwise.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Kelly Cribari | Roger Williams University

Temperature-mediated changes in blue crab Callinectes sapidus abundance in Narragansett Bay and its trophodynamic effect on winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus populations

“The SURF

program has given me the time and resources that are critical to my research, and has allowed me to invest my summer on this project .�

Mentor: David Taylor, Roger Williams University Major: Marine biology Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: I am studying the predation of blue crabs on juvenile winter flounder in Narragansett Bay due to the migration of blue crabs into this northern area. This increased population of blue crabs may have a significant impact on the juvenile winter flounder, a commercially important species.

The ultimate goal is to create a model to estimate the impact the blue crabs will have on the winter flounder and how it will affect their population. My expectation is that blue crabs are consuming winter flounder, however I am looking at the data to give me the answer.

Why SURF: By participating in this program I was able to continue the research that I had previously started. The SURF program has given me the time and resources that are critical to my research, and has allowed me to invest my summer on this project.

The impact: I am learning valuable research and troubleshooting skills, how to run statistics, and how to create and present on a scientific topic, all while having a great summer with my peers. Research is an opportunity I have been lucky enough to participate in and is preparing me for a future in science.

Most memorable research moment: Catching the biggest blue fish as an amateur fisherman. I was very proud to put my picture up on the photo wall.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Franchesca Cruz | University of Rhode Island

Heat shock proteins in Geukensia demissa as indicators of climate change in Narragansett Bay Mentor: John Williams, Rhode Island College Major: Microbiology Career path: Medical field Expected graduation: 2016 SURF project goal: We are trying to locate HSP 70, a specific type of protein that is a chaperone protein, meaning it helps fold other proteins and also guides proteins into their specific locations. We have a lengthy process to locate this specific protein using tissue from mussels in three different locations.

We then compare the same type of protein from three different locations to each other. The more polluted the water is, the more extreme the reaction of the mussels when we heat shock or expose them to extreme environments. Then, we locate and extract the protein.

Why SURF: The SURF program gives students a true hands-on experience that helps us become more self sufficient. The opportunities presented in this program are extremely advanced and are catered to helping us reach our highest potential for our future in our desired fields.

The impact: I truly love the research I am involved in. I am learning techniques that are very much present in the field of microbiology. I am learning skills that I will be using hopefully 20 years from now. And, I am learning to become more self reliant and a better communicator with my lab partner and mentor.

Most memorable research moment: Getting our first result — we located our protein after weeks of trying to get a difficult technique down and we finally accomplished a full run through with excellent results.

“The opportu-

nities presented in this program are extremely advanced and are catered to helping us reach our highest potential for our future in our desired fields.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Sarah Falco | Bryant University

Effect of legacy pollutants on microbial communities in the Narragansett Bay watershed

“This pro-

gram has been one of my most beneficial experiences so far in my undergraduate school years.�

Mentor: Christopher Reid, Bryant University Major: Biology Career path: Biologically inspired robotics/AI research Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: We are working to identify microbes that are present in the Providence River by extracting DNA from our chosen sites, amplifying a specific piece of DNA and then sequencing the DNA to determine specific microbes within the river. We are also isolating and doing cultivation of previously identified organisms (Portibacter lactis, Thalassonbacter sp. and Desulfacacillum alkenivorans) so they can be further studied. I expect we will be able to identify and classify a wide variety of organisms from Providence River.

Why SURF: Being a biology major, I wanted to experience working in a research lab before graduating so I would have some scientific background other than courses I have taken. The SURF program gave me the opportunity to learn about working in a research lab. I never thought I would have the opportunity to do research like this while I was still an undergrad.

The impact: I applied to the program having no idea what it would be like to work in a lab. This program has been one of my most beneficial experiences so far in my undergraduate school years. I have developed a new and more realistic view of scientific research, and my problem solving and critical thinking skills have developed significantly.

Most memorable research moment: I had been running PCR and gels for a couple weeks and was not getting back any positive product.

Finally, I ran nine samples and got back nine positive products!

“As waters are warming due to global climate change, blue crabs are expanding their geographical range northward.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Molly Fehon | Roger WilliamsUniversity

Temperature-mediated changes in blue crab Callinectes sapidus abundance in Narragansett Bay and its trophodynamic effect on winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus populations Mentor: David Taylor, Roger Williams University Major: Marine biology Career path: College professor Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: My project seeks to understand the foraging ecology of blue crabs in Narragansett Bay estuaries through the visual analysis of the crab’s stomach contents.

This is of interest because as waters are warming due to global climate change, blue crabs are expanding their geographical range northward and appearing in Rhode Island waters in high abundances. By understanding their foraging ecology, we can try to understand the impact their arrival will have on local ecosystems. I hope to build my stomach content data set enough to be able to more fully understand how the crabs feed not only in local waters, but in differing habitat types and seasons.

Why SURF: I started my research project my first semester of college, and building my data set to be more comprehensive has become very important to me. Having the opportunity to continue working this summer with funding from EPSCoR has helped me to do that.

The impact: My ideal career goal is to be a college professor with my own research, so being a research fellow this summer has helped me to get a better feel for what that could be like.

Most memorable research moment: This past March I had the opportunity to present my results at the National Benthic Ecology Meeting in Quebec, Canada. Being able to speak and network with so many accomplished scientists was a ton of fun and a very unique experience.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Anne Filteau | University of Rhode Island

Tracking harmful algal blooms in Narragansett Bay via ecological and aerial technology approaches Mentors: Carol Thornber & Lindsay Green, University of Rhode Island Major: Biology Career path: Wildlife rehabilitiation and conservationist Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: I am examining the possibility of whether epiphytic algae, algae that grow off of other algae, have a preference for growing off of a specific species of Ulva spp., which is a type of green seaweed. I am also examining at what level the roots of the epiphytic algae attach to the algae that it is growing off of. Do its roots penetrate through the cellular layer or is it just attached to the surface?

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program because it seemed like an amazing opportunity to interact with people with similar interests to me. I especially was interested in gaining a better knowledge of macro algae and the important role it plays at the base of the food web. And, I wanted to experience what it was like to work as a part of a research team.

The impact: My experience this summer has been one of a kind. I have gained so much valuable knowledge. I also think it’s pretty cool that I go to the beach with friends and can identify the seaweed for them. Climate change is an important topic to me and seaweed is an excellent group of organisms to study in order to see how different changes affect growth and abundance.

Most memorable research moment: When I identified a species of algae that we had not yet recorded seeing in the Greenwich Bay area.

“My experi-

ence this summer has been one of a kind. I have gained so much valuable knowledge.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Alison Fisher | University of Rhode Island

Science communication outreach about coastal storm impacts in national parks Mentor: Caroline Gottschalk Druschke, University of Rhode Island Majors: Biology, writing and rhetoric Career path: Science communicator or grant writer Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: To develop outreach materials about various post-Hurricane Sandy restoration and monitoring projects occurring at several National Parks on the East Coast. We are developing briefs, infographics, photo stories, and more to get the word out about these projects. We are trying to inform a broad audience that includes park employees and visitors, as well as the general public, the scientific community, and the press. I have developed several briefs so far that will appear on park sites pending their approval by the National Park Service. I am hoping to develop a couple other pieces of material by the end of the summer as well.

Why SURF: The National Science Foundation and EPSCoR do very impressive work, and I was interested in being a part of that in a small way. It is a great network to have the opportunity to be a part of. The field trips and professional development that the SURF program offers were also a big draw for me.

The fellows have had access to a number of events that were interesting and informative.

The impact: I feel like I am learning a lot about myself professionally in terms of strengths and weaknesses, what I like to work on and what I am less interested in. I am making a lot of decisions about the direction of my research, and it is very encouraging that my mentor trusts me to make these decisions myself.

Most memorable research moment: Our whole team got together to take some time out of the office and go to lunch together – we got a chance to get to know each other on a more personal level, but we mostly ended up talking about science communication through the whole meal. I realized during this lunch that science communication is a field that I really have a passion for, and I think it is the field that I belong in. Finding a place within the professional world where you feel that you fit is a wonderful feeling.

“Finding a

place within the professional world where you feel that you fit is a wonderful feeling.�

“From this one experi-

ence, I learned more than I could have imagined and I am incrediby grateful for the opportunity to conduct such unique and important research.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Jaclyn Friedman | University of Rhode Island

Greenouse gas flux analysis along a vegetation-defined gradient in a common New England salt marsh Mentor: Serena Moseman-Valtierra & Rose Martin, University of Rhode Island Major: Marine biology Career path: SEA Semester lead scientist & conducting marine research Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: I am taking measurements at Fox Hill salt marsh, in Jamestown, RI, to test whether the addition of nitrogen to designated plots along a vegetation-defined salt marsh gradient influences the greenhouse gas fluxes from salt marsh plants. Another main component of this study will be to analyze the amounts of above ground biomass that is found at each site, and compare that to the flux data collected using a Picarro analyzer.

At first, I anticipated seeing nitrous oxide emissions, which would have been very telling about the marsh’s ability to sequester and utilize carbon. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas with a very high global warming potential. But, those emissions were not observed. So, my anticipated outcomes are not happening, which leads to more questions that need to be asked.

Why SURF: I have always enjoyed participating in research, especially research that is heavily field-based. This program offers many opportunities to expand on the knowl-

edge that I have and grow as a student, scientist, and communicator. This program offers a wide variety of research opportunities that cannot be found elsewhere.

The impact: Before starting with SURF, I really only had research experience in a very specific area of study, and by participating in the research opportunities offered here, I am vastly expanding my knowledge on the workings of various ecosystems and their respected communities. My work ethic has improved and my desire to continue conducting research has increased as well. I am forever grateful for the people I am being introduced to and the research techniques I am learning and can hopefully continue to utilize even after the SURF season is over.

Most memorable research moment: Staying overnight in a salt marsh to collect greenhouse gas flux data along a 24-hour period. It was important to have the data collected along a complete tidal and diurnal cycle, so participating in this important and groundbreaking research is an opportunity that has allowed me to grow, ask many questions, learn many new techniques, and vastly expand my knowledge on the ecology of common New England salt marshes.

From this one experience, I learned more than I could have imagined and I am incredibly grateful for the opportunity to conduct such unique and important research.

“There is no

better way to understand science and the field you are entering than to immerse yourself in it.”

Mentor: Avelina Espinosa, Roger Williams University Majors: Biology & chemistry; minor in public health Career path: M.D. Ph.D., pediatric neonatology Expected graduation: 2018 SURF project goal: My project centers around the way that changes in our environment may affect behavior in even the smallest protists. Protists such as Entamoeba spp. are the bottom of the food chain and climate change that affects their behavior may have a profound impact on the environment and the behavior of larger organisms.

Specifically, I am studying how they are impacted by pH and temperature changes, which are significant in climate change. I am looking at the way that the proteins they may use to communicate are altered by environmental changes. This may impact their growth and social behavior.

I anticipate that more acidic environments and higher temperatures may decrease Entamoeba spp. growth and stress response proteins may be secreted rather than normal communication proteins. It will be interesting to see if basic environments or colder temperatures also have an impact. As climate change generally increases water temperature and lowers pH, this may have drastic implications for the future of human health and animal behavior.

Why SURF: I chose to participate in the SURF program because I wanted to dedicate my summer to research.

I worked in Dr. Espinosa’s lab as a volunteer this year trying to gain as much experience as possible and I was really excited to dive in and work on my own project this summer. I worked with upperclassmen students previously, but it has been a great experience to investigate a whole new project on my own.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

The impact: This program has provided me with the opportunity to experience what science is like beyond the textbooks and cookie-cutter lab activities. Sometimes experiments don’t work, machines break, or you need to read tons of papers to find what you are looking for! But these experiences have helped me to appreciate the field and our successes are even more gratifying.

I have worked closely with other students who have helped me learn lab skills, and weekly discussions have helped me to understand the importance of reading and understanding scientific journals. I understand how to design and carry out my own experiments, how to keep a lab notebook, how to analyze data, and other skills that will help me in the field. I have had so much fun this summer learning new things and advancing my research skills.

This program has encouraged me to pursue research in the future and to incorporate research in my career plans.

Most memorable research moment: Performing an in-solution protein sample digestion. This was a whole Biochemical and behavioral analysis of ADHE enzymes new procedure for our lab and it required me to research from Entamoeba spp. in resisting environmental stresses in protocols and prepare solutions. I was nervous because it marine and fresh water protists was all new, but it was so rewarding after it was completed and my work was successful!

Meagan Hackey | Roger Williams University

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Dylan Hogan | Brown University

Coastal restoration case studies from the Ocean State Mentor: Caroline Gottschalk Druschke, University of Rhode Island Major: Applied mathematics/economics Career path: Academia/environmental & health policy research Expected graduation: 2016 SURF project goal: The coastal restoration case studies created in this research project are intended to inform policy makers and members of the general public about partners, funding, habitat, and public stakeholders involved in coastal restoration projects.

We expect to have a detailed profile of multiple projects (Olneyville-Woonasquatucket Riverside Park restoration, Bristol restorations, and Pawtuxet and Shannock Falls dam restorations) that include a broad array of quantitative and social benefits to the surrounding communities.

Why SURF: The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program provided the necessary flexibility to work oneon-one with my mentor and a plethora of supportive resources to improve my communication and research skills.

The impact: Dr. Druschke has allowed me to take control of our project from content to design while remaining an available and knowledgeable mentor. Our ability to work as colleagues instead of the typical researcher/assistant relationship has given me an advanced experience in research work that few undergraduates have access to before graduation.

Most memorable research moment: My first read through of the interview transcripts we used to collect a lot of our information. It was very interesting seeing managers’ firsthand restoration experiences and understanding the rewards, challenges, and skills associated with the job.

“SURF has pro-

vided the necessary flexibility to work one-on-one with my mentor and a plethora of supportive resources to improve my communication and research skills

“Considering I work on a boat

everyday, every day is awesome.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Katherine Jones | Salve Regina University

Trophic-level responses to climate driven sea level rise and associated abiotic conditions Mentor: Jameson Chace (SRU) & David Borkman (URI) Major: Biology, environmental science focus Career path: Field work researcher Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: To understand the importance of how sea level rise affects near shore organisms, which, in turn, will affect the rest of the food chain. I am focusing on near shore species and water quality to figure out where the species are located and why.

Why SURF: I participated on the project as a work study student last summer and realized that having a grant would benefit me. So, I applied for the

fellowship and received it.

The impact: I cannot stress how much this project is beneficial and how grateful I am to be involved.

This summer has been amazing. Overall, the hands-on experience and what I am learning has made me become even more dedicated than I have ever been in my work.

Most memorable research moment: Considering I work on a boat everyday, every day is awesome. But, if I had to choose, I would say the day I caught a baby lobster. Last year I worked with lobsters all the time in the ocean. This year since I’m in Narragansett Bay, I don’t see too many.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Elizabeth Kawa | Providence College

Fight, flight or feed? Mysid behavior is affected by conspecifics, prey, and predator cues Mentor: Maia Bailey, Providence College Major: Biology Career path: Pediatric oncologist Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: Through the use of lab cultured mysid shrimp, we looked at the possible trade-offs between feeding, aggression, and vigilance. We developed protocols to observe the effects of conspecific presence, predator cues, and light levels on feeding rates. We expected the mysids to eat more in the dark than in the light. In addition, we expected there to be less food eaten during the predator cue trials.

Why SURF: I participated in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program because being part of a research team has been an important part of my career as a biology student. I have learned a great deal of new skills and it has given me the opportunity to take on new and exciting challenges in the lab.

The impact: My involvement in the SURF program this summer has been a critical part of my research journey. We have been able to come to new conclusions in terms of mysid feeding rates and we are on our way to publishing a manuscript.

Most memorable research moment: Our collecting trip to Ninigret Pond in Charlestown, RI.

“My involvement

in the SURF program this summer has been a critical part of my research journey. We have been able to come to new conclusions in terms of mysid feeding rates and we are on our way to publishing a manuscript. �

“I knew that SURF would open up

many doors for me and help me in the process of deciding what I want to do in the future.”

Mentor: JD Swanson, Salve Regina University Major: Biology Career path: Physician Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: Because of the harmful algae blooms created by Ulva compressa and Ulva rigida, both found in Rhode Island’s Narragansett Bay, we hope to perform analysis on Ulva samples to test and determine if they are polymorphic or not. I am testing primers we created again with samples obtained from each of our locations. The primers that were found polymorphic are now being tested on the population. The expected outcome is that the population will provide polymorphism with the primers being used.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program because I knew that it would open up many doors for me and help me in the process of deciding what I want to do in the future in regard to my ultimate career choice and true passion.

The impact: I have had the ability to work with some amazing people and experience a unique summer as I work toward a career goal.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Gabrielle Kuba | Salve Regina University

The genomics of green macroalgal blooms

Most memorable research moment: I really enjoy how everyone in the labs, although working on different projects, helps one another. This leads to the most memorable moments of actually going out into the field, learning about what others are working on, and helping them collect certain samples.

“This summer, I really fell in

love with population genetics and the big questions it answers.

I truly believe that through this course of study, I can have a profound effect on the conservation and preservation of several different species and ecosystems.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Ryan Kuehl | Providence College

Quantification of genetic change over time using multiple genetic tools Mentor: Jeffrey Markert, Providence College Major: Biology Career path: Population geneticist/conservation ecologist Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: We’re trying to answer this big question of what happens to genes (and genetic diversity) of a population over time. Typically, large populations undergo genetic drift slower than smaller populations.

We have used SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) genotyping and microsatellite analysis to quantify the genetic changes populations of cichlid fish have undergone in Lake Malawi in Africa.

We used two different species in our analysis; Melanochromis auratus (MA) and Labeotropheus fuelleborni (LF).

Both species were sampled at two distinct time-points. We predicted that LF populations would experience genetic change at a slower rate than MA because LF populations are allegedly larger than MA based on behavioral tendencies.

By using SNP and microsatellite data from these populations, we were able to identify genetic drift, which can allow us to eventually calculate effective population sizes, a tool widely used in conservation genetics. With climate change becoming ever more relevant, being able to estimate effective population sizes gives us the intelligence to prevent mass extinctions.

We have expected that the populations of LF would show slow genetic drift over time because of their behavioral tendencies to be more social and less territorial. We also expected to see MA populations experience genetic drift at

a fast rate because of their tendency to be aggressive and territorial.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program to broaden my horizons in regard to what the ecological sciences can offer. This summer, I really fell in love with population genetics and the big questions it answers. I truly believe that through this course of study, I can have a profound effect on the conservation and preservation of several different species and ecosystems. SURF allowed me to do this and so much more!

The impact: This summer has taken me all over the biology department at Providence College. I have learned several important lab techniques, from replicating DNA to culturing micro-organisms. This summer has been the most hands-on learning I have ever experienced. I also have been hitting the books, or papers in this case. Reading articles and journals has allowed me to grow my knowledge of the world around me and help me stay on track with organizing and analyzing my data that I have collected.

Most memorable research moment: The moment our SNP genotyping machine gave us results for the cichlid fish. It was an exhilarating moment to finally see the product of all of the hard work and preparation we had done. It was also sublime. I remember thinking to myself, “How are we going to sift through this massive pile of data?” Receiving the results made me feel like I was progressing toward becoming a real scientist, leaving no stone left unturned.

“I have learned a lot about

working in a group to solve a problem, and how to turn an idea into a testable experiment. In school, you are given a list of instructions in the laboratory. In real life, it’s not that simple.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Emma Lederer | Providence College Fluid motion in sea invertebrates

Mentors: Jack Costello (PC) & Sean Colin (RWU) Major: Biology Career path: Scientific researcher Expected graduation: 2018 SURF project goal: We are looking at how different organisms move through water. I have been focusing on organisms that use jet propulsion. I have been studying siphonophores, which utilize rows of jets fired both synchronously and asynchronously to move through the water. I have also looked at jellyfish, which use a cycle of contraction and relaxation to create a vortex in the water to propel them forward. By studying which part of the organism initiates movement and when certain parts begin and end to move, we may be able to find a pattern or strategy for how they move most efficiently. By understanding how they move, we may be able to replicate this movement with machines or synthetic material.

For my project with siphonophores, I expect that there is a high level of coordination that these organisms use to swim in order to maximize speed and reduce the drag created when they must refill their nectophores. I have been watching videos of them moving and tracking which nectophores contract, when they contract, and how long they contract to try to find this pattern.

Why SURF: I wanted to gain experience in a real life, working laboratory to gain a deeper understanding of the scientific process and also to check if I have an aptitude for research. I have been interested in exploring a career as a research scientist. I recognized that the SURF program was

something that could offer me that firsthand experience, so I was very excited at the prospect to be able to be a part of it.

The impact: I’ve learned a lot of practical skills for working in a lab that I wouldn’t have imagined I would need to learn. I’ve learned a lot about sea invertebrates and on jet propulsion, which is something I may have never had the opportunity to get an in-depth education on. I also have learned a lot about working in a group to solve a problem, and how to turn an idea into a testable experiment. In school, you are given a list of instructions in the laboratory.

In real life, it’s not that simple.

I know that I am a few years younger and lacking in experience compared to many of the other people contributing to this program, but I don’t think that’s been an obstacle to me. I have been able to absorb so much in the little time I’ve worked in Woods Hole, and I would suggest to other freshman next year to apply to this program. Just because you’re young doesn’t mean you can’t succeed!

Most memorable research moment: For my work with siphonophores, I spoke with Dr. Costello about his expectations beforehand and read a lot about siphonophores. I had a relatively clear idea of what I would see when I began to collect data. However, the results I collected were very different from what we had expected. Realizing I’d discovered a pattern that nobody else had previously discovered made me extremely excited, and I was proud of my work. I’m looking forward to collecting more data to better support my findings.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Amy Lord | Rhode Island College

NAD+ biosynthesis in marine microorganisms Mentor: Karen Almeida, Rhode Island College Majors: Biology and secondary education Career path: Science educator and researcher Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: By using a combination of laboratory and bioinformatics techniques, we hope to gain insights into the role of NAD, an important energy molecule, in marine microorganisms (which I like to refer to as “our most important living allies in the war on carbon,” because of their ability to fix and remove excessive carbon out of the atmosphere).

I expect different types of microorganisms to have varied strategies for generating NAD. Why SURF: Some of my areas of interest are genetics and biochemistry research, however, as a future science teacher, I will be working with students who have a wide range of interests. I appreciate that the EPSCoR Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program looks at an issue from the perspective of multiple disciplines, working to address issues that tie into the local community and beyond. I look forward to telling my future students from firsthand experience that there are positive things that regular people are doing right where we live, and that they can work to be a part of it.

The impact: When I started the SURF program, I was excited to experience full-time research, having the time and freedom to explore a challenging question, like putting together a giant puzzle; I’ve been satiated in that regard but should be careful what I wish for, since I’ve learned that research is more like putting together a puzzle with half the pieces missing or upside-down!

Most memorable research moment: One of my lab mates and I simultaneously had minor disasters, and I said, “This would be a terrible time for Dr. Almeida to come back from her meeting!” — at which point she walks in to see the terrified looks on our faces. We all shot glances at each other and then burst out laughing.

“I look forward to telling my future students from firsthand experience that there are positive things that regular people are doing right where we live, and they can be a part of it.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Taylor Losure | University of Rhode Island

Impacts of changing balances of CO2 and CH4 on seabed microbial ecosystems Mentor: Dawn Cardace, University of Rhode Island Major: Geological oceanography Career path: Climate change research, college professor Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: I am studying the effects of pumping CO2 into reaction vessels containing seawater and specific minerals formed in the Earth’s mantle to see how much of the gas is converted into solid carbonate. I expect to see higher rates in amounts of carbonates forming in the reaction vessels with the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and in the seawater that has not been autoclaved.

Why SURF: As a student of science for almost four years at URI, I really wanted to get firsthand experience working in a lab and applying all the concepts and methods I have learned. Rhode Island EPSCoR’s Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program was my first choice for a summer fellowship program because it allows students to really understand the entire research process from proposition to publication, and learn what it really takes to be a scientist.

The impact: In addition to honing time management and project planning skills, I have learned a lot from the workshops and field trips that have been hosted. I feel like this program has given me a clear picture of the entire research process and it confirmed my interest in a career as a geological oceanographer.

Most memorable research moment: I was using a polishing wheel to shave a rock down to a paperthin slice on a glass slide and the edge of the slide caught the edge of the wheel. The slide then shot out of my hand, bounced off the cabinet four feet to my right and landed directly in a 500ml beaker. Amazingly, the slide was completely fine.

“The SURF pro-

gram ... allows students to really understand the entire research process from proposition to publication, and learn what it really takes to be a scientist.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Katherine Lynch | University of Rhode Island

Greenhouse gas fluxes from Field’s Point Wastewater Treatment Plant Mentors: Serena Moseman-Valtierra & Liz Brannon University of Rhode Island Major: Marine biology Career path: Research/aquarium work Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: We are trying to determine if there is variability in greenhouse gas fluxes (or changes) in three different tanks at Fields Point Wastewater Treatment Plant. I am hoping the variability between tanks will be very small so that measuring only one tank will give sufficient data in determining the greenhouse gas fluxes from the method of wastewater treatment at the plant.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the RI EPSCoR Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program because I have always been interested in doing research and this is a great opportunity to gain experience and the confidence needed to go far in this field.

The impact: I have met a lot of people who have been able to guide me along my journey and help me obtain the skills necessary to do well. I also enjoyed the field trips and seminars because I got to experience different aspects of the research field that I hadn’t thought about before.

Most memorable research moment: When I finally was about to get my stats program working after three days of trying. I didn’t have much experience with stats or coding before starting this program.

“I have met

a lot of people who have been able to guide me along my journey and help me obtain the skills necessary to do well.”

“SURF taught me good lessons about both being patient and not letting failures get the best of me. I feel like this program absolutely shaped me into a better chemist.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Amanda McCabe | Roger Williams University

Development of metalloporphyrin functionalized transmissive conducting electrodes for photo- and electrochemical detection of thiocyanate in marine environments Mentor: Clifford Murphy, Roger Williams University Major: Biology; minor, chemistry & environmental science Career path: Cyanide fishing research, renewable energy Expected graduation: December 2015 SURF project goal: Cyanide fishing is a technique often used to capture tropical fish for sale in the aquarium trade.

However, this is illegal because the cyanide is toxic to the coral reef environment. Therefore, the goal of this project was to create a product that would be effective at detecting whether or not a company has used cyanide fishing to capture fish. This chemosensor will be able to detect thiocyanate both in the field and off of recently imported fish samples.

By the end of the summer I expect to have organically synthesized a compound that can capture the thiocyanate ions. In the fall, when I continue to work on this project, we are going to put this chemical on a substrate and test its effectiveness. At this point, this will become more of an engineering project than a chemistry-based one.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in this program because in the science community, whether you want to go to graduate school or straight into industry, people want to see that you are experienced. They to want to see that you can

work well on a research team and that you have learned research techniques outside of the normal curriculum. The SURF program contributed to both. Thus, I feel like this program has prepared me to graduate and move onto the next step of my career.

The impact: The SURF experience has given me a taste of how a career in science in the real world is going to be. In a curriculum lab, there is usually a professor overseeing everything and answering all of your questions. And typically, everything turns out just the way that it is supposed to. I have realized that is a glorified version of real chemistry. In real life, most of the time, the product isn’t what you hoped for and you have to start over from square one. SURF taught me good lessons about both being patient and not letting failures get the best of me. I feel like this program absolutely shaped me into a better chemist.

Most memorable research moment: There was a moment where it was just Dr. Muprhy and I working in the lab, and we had two reactions going at once, working with some pretty hazardous materials, and everything went smoothly.

This was particularly memorable because I finally feel like I could stand a chance with other professional chemists.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Rhiannon Morrissey | Salve Regina University

Cell cycle analysis in Ulva rigida and Ulva compressa algal blooms Mentor: JD Swanson, Salve Regina University Major: Biology Career path: Oncology dermatologist Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: Algal blooms are harmful to the aquatic environment and toxic to other living oceanic creatures. I am trying to understand the cell division patterns of algae cells in order to understand what causes them to bloom in certain months of the summer. The expected outcome is that through understanding the division patterns of these algae, we will be able to control their blooming mechanisms. This would help prevent the harmful blooms, thus protecting other living organisms in the Narragansett Bay. Why SURF: I wanted to continue to conduct research, which I have participated in for the past two summers. I worked on an RI-INBRE project for three years, but I wanted a new experience, which is why I applied to RI NSF EPSCoR. The impact: I am more prepared for life beyond my undergraduate career, as my research skills have become more varied through working on both INBRE and EPSCoR projects. I am getting a more varied knowledge of scientific skills, and a better understanding of how organisms in our ecosystem interact.

I’m really glad that I got to participate in the EPSCoR program, because I feel like I got a lot out of this experience. Not only did I get to conduct research on an entirely new model system, but I got to experience science from an entirely different angle. This program has definitely furthered my development as a researcher.

Most memorable research moment: The first time our lab went out to collect Ulva samples. We drove to Oakland Beach in Warwick and learned what the Ulva rigida and Ulva compressa species look like, and which areas of the beach they inhabited. It was a really cool experience to be able to bring science from the natural environment into the lab and be able to run experiments on the samples we collected ourselves.

“I am more

prepared for life beyond my undergraduate career, as my research goals have become more varied through working on INBRE and EPSCoR projects.”

“SURF allowed me to immerse myself

in a research setting that offers in-depth experience with various environmental issues and research techniques .”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Daniel O’Brien | Salve Regina University

Gene expression in green algae Ulva species Mentor: JD Swanson, Salve Regina University Major: Biology Career path: Orthopedic surgeon Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: We are trying to determine the genes that cause significant growth during a harmful algal bloom and eventually find a way to prevent these blooms. The expected outcome is to acquire a list of genes responsible for bloom formation and put an end to the blooms that have a negative impact both economically and environmentally.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program because it allowed me to immerse myself in a research setting

that offers in-depth experience with various environmental issues and research techniques The impact: I have had an immense amount of fun getting to experience summer research with fellow Salve undergrads and working in conjunction with my mentor Dr. Swanson. By participating in the program, I am learning valuable skills and knowledge about the major issues concerning various aspects of environmental biology.

Most memorable research moments: Field collections in the ocean, crabbing on the cliff walk in Newport, and setting my research partner, Morgan, on fire with ethanol while flame sterilizing a mortar and pestle.

“The SURF program

presented an excellent opportunity to continue my research in the summer and gain more experience.”

Mentor: Jack Costello (PC) & Sean Colin (RWU) Majors: Biology and health policy management Career path: Health field Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: We are looking at the movement of species in fluid, whether that fluid is liquid or gaseous. I started by observing the movement of insects’ wings as they turned.

What we were interested in for the insects was whether the inner or outer wing of the turn would descend first. As I have finished looking at the movement of insects, I am moving onto other species such as Sarsia. For the insects, we predicted that the inner wing would descend before the outer wing as they turn.

Why SURF: The RI NSF EPSCoR Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) presented an excellent opportunity to continue my research in the summer and gain more experience. In addition, my lab is based in Woods Hole, which is a place where I have wanted to conduct research at since I was in elementary school and had field trips there.

The impact: The I have learned so much more about my research that I began this past year at school and have already started new projects.

The skills I have learned working in this setting are also very valuable for the future.

Most memorable research moment: When I began working on the movement of the wings of insects when they are moving, we believed that the inner wing would descend before the outer wing, much like other types of organisms such as birds. After I had sequenced a few samples of insects, my professor and I noticed that the wings were, in fact, descending at the same time. This realization was a pivotal moment and led to looking at my research in a completely new way.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Jillian O’Melia | Providence College

Fluid motion of sea invertebrates and insects

“I am learning how to become an independent learner and scientist. I am learning how to use the information and knowledge I already have and apply it to new instances and scenarios.�

Mentor: Christopher Reid, Bryant University Major: Biology Career path: Cardiothoracic surgeon Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: We are finishing an initial assessment of the metal contamination present in the Providence River from the centuries of industrialization. Meanwhile, we are looking for effects of these high levels of contamination in the microbiome and filter feeders. We expect to find a higher concentration of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria compared to that of a pristine site since the metal contamination forces the microbiota to evolve to survive the harsh conditions.

Why SURF: I wanted to get hands on experience in a laboratory setting and perform real experiments with unknown outcomes.

The impact: I am learning how to become an independent learner and scientist. I am learning how to use the information and knowledge I already have to apply it to new instances and scenarios. Undergraduate research allows students a glimpse of what they hope to one day do as a profession. SURF has given me the opportunity to not only learn hands-on techniques that I will be able to apply in future endeavors, but also the confidence to do so.

Most memorable research moment: Taking all the data we had been collecting for more than a month and finally being able to visualize and see what we had actually found.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR Drew Phelan | Bryant University

SURF 2015

Effect of legacy pollutants on microbial communities in the Narragansett Bay watershed

“I really believe

that without this opportunity, I wouldn’t be half as excited about a career in scientific research as I am right now. I owe my enthusiam to the SURF program and my mentor.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Ryan Quinn | University of Rhode Island

Ribbed mussel presence effect on greenhouse gas emissions in a salt marsh Mentors: Serena Moseman-Valtierra & Rose Martin, University of Rhode Island Major: Biological Sciences Career path: Research scientist Expected graduation: December 2015 SURF project goal: I hope to better understand and explain how ribbed mussels influence GHG emissions in salt marshes, and use this research to promote the need to understand small organisms and invertebrate communities. In large scale ecosystems, it is easy to brush aside the importance of small, stationary organisms like mussels.

Yet, it really isn’t possible to grasp the complexity of a salt marsh without looking at the spiders, the crabs, the snails, the mussels, and all of the other organisms that live there.

Why SURF: I participated in the RI EPSCoR Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program last year and loved it! I enjoyed working full time in a lab. I had oneof-a-kind experiences in the field and learned techniques in the lab (water quality chemistry, data processing in Matlab) that I’ll surely use for the rest of my scientific career.

The impact: I’ve watched the sunset and sunrise in a beautiful salt marsh setting during 24-hour measurements.

I’ve watched GHG emissions rise and fall in real time with tidal cycles and light availability. I’ve been to conferences, designed a poster, ate lunch with fellow scientists. I really believe that without this opportunity, I wouldn’t be half as excited about a career in scientific research as I am now. I owe my enthusiasm to the SURF program and my mentor, Rose Martin.

Most memorable research moment: I originally wanted to work with fiddler crabs this summer. I planned to bury a large cage in the marsh soil to exclude crabs and see how the exclusion influenced the soil biogeochemistry and the GHG emissions. When we arrived at the marsh to put the cage in, there were no crabs. My mentor said it was unlike anything she’d ever seen. In past years it wasn’t possible to walk through the marsh without seeing crabs, but this year there were none in sight. We made the decision to switch to mussels that day. I learned a valuable lesson about being flexible and not letting obstacles stand in the way of good science. Mussels are another invertebrate community that deserve just as much attention as crabs.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Jennifer Rodriguez | Rhode Island College

Heat shock proteins in Geukensia demissa as indicators of climate change in Narragansett Bay Mentor: John Williams, Rhode Island College Major: Biology Career path: Physician Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: Our lab is trying to isolate Hsp 70, which is a chaperone protein, from Geukensia demissa mussels. The mussels are collected from three locations around Narragansett Bay. To isolate Hsp 70, the mussels are heat shocked, which allows for the protein to be considerably expressed. We expect for the mussels in the least polluted areas around the Bay to express the most Hsp 70 post heat shock.

Why SURF: I wanted to get lab experience and I think that SURF not only provides that, but also helps to shape us as researchers. On a daily basis, I am presented with tasks that help me reach my highest potential.

The impact: I am fine-tuning all of my lab techniques, which I think will definitely be useful in my future education. I am also learning to better communicate my ideas and concerns to everyone involved in the research.

Most memorable research moment: The first would be our first field day where we collected mussels along the bay and did dissection. The second most memorable moment is when we got our first result after some minor setbacks.

“I wanted to get lab

experience and I think SURF not only provides that, but also helps shape us as researchers.

On a daily basis, I am presented with tasks that help me reach my highest potential.�

“I have

learned a lot about how to structure a research project and how to perform the various different tests that we use when gathering data.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Tim Roosa | Salve Regina University

Trophic-level responses to climate driven sea level rise and associated abiotic conditions Mentor: Jameson Chace, Salve Regina University Major: Biology, with an environmental concentration Career path: Exploring options Expected graduation: 2016 SURF project goal: We are taking a wide variety of nearshore surveys in order to find out what type of habitat it is and what types of organisms live there. Then, based on these findings and our predictions about climate change and sea level rise, we are going to predict the effects on species abundance and distribution. We expect that sea level rise will affect the abundance and distribution of most of the marine plants and animals.

Why SURF: I wanted to work in a good research job that provided me with the experience I need in order to have a successful career in biological research. The area I work

and live in is beautiful and the people I work with are passionate about their jobs. It is a great environment for me to start out my career.

The impact: I have learned a lot about how to structure a research project and how to perform the various different tests that we use when gathering data. I have met many new people through the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program and have learned a lot from the different workshops and lectures that have been provided for us.

Most memorable research moment: When we saw the largest school of herring I’ve ever seen. It looked like the water was boiling with them. We cut the engine of our boat and drifted into the middle of the school until we were surrounded by fish.

“I have gotten close to many of my fellow re-

search partners, gained experience in a field I have wanted to learn more about, and conducted a project that has been showing great success.�

Mentor: Dale Leavitt, Roger Williams University Major: Environmental science Career path: Conservation Expected graduation: 2015 SURF project goal: I am using a GoPro camera to analyze the burial rates of quahogs. I am looking at how the size of the quahog, the sediment type, and temperature affects the rate at which they bury. This will give a better understanding of how fast they bury into the sediment, better protecting them from predators and harsh conditions. I expect to find that the burial rate will be faster with larger quahogs in mud at higher temperatures.

Why SURF: I wanted to join the SURF program because it perfectly fit what I was aiming to do over the summer. It was a research opportunity allowing me to further my experience, work with a new group of students, better prepare myself academically, and build a new stream of connections for my future endeavors.

The impact: My experience with the SURF program has been ideal. I have gotten close to many of my fellow research partners, gained experience in a field I have wanted to learn more about, and conducted a project that has been showing (as of now) great success. The experience has given me broader knowledge and expanded my skill set.

Most memorable research moment: The one day we were randomly digging in the sand and kept pulling up clams, so we decided to keep going. After about an hour of digging, we pulled up hundreds of clams adding up to around 70 pounds. The next week, three others and I spent five hours cooking steamers, 120 stuffed clams and a big pot of clam chowder for everyone to eat. Cooking that night was a very unique experience, where we were messing around and having fun just being ourselves.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Stephen Russo | Roger Williams University

Burial rates of quahogs of different sizes, in different sediments, at different temperatures.

“I wanted to be

part of the SURF program to gain research experience, work at URI, and become part of the larger community of research scientists and see firsthand what it is like to be part of a scientific project.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Kaylee Stanton | University of Rhode Island

Understanding the evolution of parasitism in red algae Mentor: Christopher Lane, University of Rhode Island Major: Marine biology Career path: Research in phycology and/or conservation Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: My project is looking at previously misidentified Bermudan red algae either by morphological characteristics, molecular characteristics, or both and correctly placing them back in their phylogenetic tree. This essentially means we are putting the algae in proper order as they naturally evolve and potentially move between intermediate temperate/tropical regions such as Bermuda.

On a broad scale, we hope to track the movement of species from tropical areas into temperate regions and use algae as a target species for charting the effects of global climate change in the marine environment. On a small scale, I am hoping to make headway in sorting through the data and organizing what we have into meaningful charts and trees as well as correcting any misidentified species.

Why SURF: I wanted to be a part of the SURF program to gain research experience, work at URI, and become a part of the larger community of research scientists and see firsthand what it is like to be a part of a scientific project. I also wanted to learn more about the scientific field that I am

currently most interested in and what I could hope to do in the future.

The impact: Participating in the SURF program has given me confidence working in a lab independently as well as under the supervision of someone whose project you are assisting with. It also boosts confidence to know that someone trusts you enough to handle the work on a project that may be several years coming along.

Working in a lab has given me a look at the constantly expanding possibilities of what my education could lead me to pursue for a career.

Most memorable research moment: When first using the liquid nitrogen tank to flash freeze my algae samples.

To obtain a small bucket amount, you need to “suit up” in cryogenic protective gloves with goggles and a face shield and somehow crank open the internally frozen and impenetrable tank valve. After about five minutes of prying and several lab mates trying their (sore) hands at opening the valve, someone finally manages to loosen it enough to start turning all the way. At this point the magic begins, the whirring and smoke and excitement combine into the final product out of a hose and you have yourself a sizzling pail of liquid nitrogen that flash freezes the algae.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Megan Sylvia | Salve Regina University

Population genetics of the green crab due to predation

“I wanted

to participate in the SURF program to gain valuable research experience that will benefit me when I apply to graduate school.”

Mentor: JD Swanson, Salve Regina University Major: Biology Career path: Evolutionary plant biologist Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: We are attempting to understand how the two invasive crab species — green crabs and Asian shore crabs — interact. Literature suggests that the Asian shore crabs are outcompeting green crabs, specifically in respect to various prey species they feed on. In addition, climate change is altering/ limiting the available prey for both crab species along Newport Neck and Narragansett Bay. Therefore, we are specifically looking at the genetics of the two crab species as an early indicator for future changes in the two populations.

We expect to gain a genetic understanding of the two invasive crab populations, which will help us determine if either the green crab or Asian shore crab populations are in danger due to a decrease of genetic diversity.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program to gain valuable research experience that will benefit me when I apply to graduate school.

The impact: I have had an awesome experience this summer, staying at Salve Regina University and participating in research. The program is allowing me to experience research uninhibited by classes and other responsibilities.

Most memorable research moment: Going crabbing with a couple other members of the Swanson team in Newport. As we were walking around to different sites with buckets, crab hooks, nets, a cooler, etc., in tow, we were quite a sight for the tourists enjoying the Newport scenery.

“I wanted to gain experience in designing,

developing, and deploying a study involving the marine environment. This has been a one-of-a-kind experience.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Steven Tadros | University of Rhode Island

Coral reef restoration in the British Virgin Islands Mentor: Graham Forrester Major: Marine biology Career path: Independent researcher Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: Coral reefs protect from erosion and storm damage, offer billions of dollars to the fishery and tourism industries, and increase the biodiversity of marine habitats. However, they are degrading all around the world at an alarming rate.

This project focuses on a couple methods that potentially can be used to restore a specific coral species that has been known to be a fast-growing reef builder. These methods involve using boat moorings to decrease the impact of the restoration on the seafloor. More than 200 corals will be involved in the restoration.

We expect that one of the methods we use in this study

can be further used as a cost effective and efficient way to restore coral reefs in the British Virgin Islands and maybe in more areas.

Why SURF: The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program provides me with a great stepping stone to my ultimate goal of becoming an independent researcher.

I wanted to gain experience in designing, developing, and deploying a study involving the marine environment.

The impact: This has been a one-of-a-kind experience. I’ve developed my research, writing, and diving skills and created a great professional network.

Most memorable research moment: I saw my first shark on our first dive in the British Virgin Islands.

Mentor: Rebecca Merson (RIC) & Diane Nacci (EPA) Major: Biology Career path: Physicians assistant Expected graduation: 2015 SURF project goal: To examine DNA sequences from Squalus acanthias and check if the two prolines previously found by another graduate student actually exist or are they the result of human error. Previous studies have shown that in other fish, the diproline causes the organism to be less susceptible to toxins found in the water.

Another side project I worked on consisted of investigating skate embryos and taking images of them at different developmental stages. The purpose of this project was to examine the embryo development once they have been dosed by polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Previous studies have shown that PCB’s tend to affect other fish and negatively impact their metabolic activity, reproductive activity and growth. So far, there are no conclusive results present. The work is still in progress.

“I learned how to do

PCR, sequencing, etc.

— all of the techniques that I had learned about in classes, but never actually got to do them firsthand.”

Why SURF: I always wanted a summer job that was more than just making money.

I wanted to learn more about the marine environment and molecular biology. I had worked in a microbiology and forest ecology lab, and wanted to try something new, and explore another field of study in the science community.

The impact: I absolutely love it. We work right near the water and that automatically makes the job more fun. I learned how to do PCR, sequencing. etc. — all of the techniques that I had learned about in classes, but never actually got to do them firsthand.

Most memorable research moment: We had a dead embryo in a jar and we wanted to study its anatomy and no one anticipated how bad it would smell, but we went through with the dissection “in the name of science.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Keya Thakkar | Rhode Island College

Narragansett Bay apex predators’ response to toxic chemicals and climate change

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Christina Watts | Bryant University

Nutrient loading to Narragansett Bay from the Blackstone River watershed Mentor: Dan McNally, Bryant University Major: Biology Career path: Nurse executive/researcher Expected graduation: 2016 SURF project goal: We are studying the Blackstone River’s nutrient load. The data collected from this assessment will give us a better knowledge of the health of the water, as well as where future research and technology could be focused. We are still collecting data, but we have come to the conclusion that future research should be done.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program for the chance to work in a lab. As a rising senior, I felt that working in a lab was the one part of my education that I was missing. Additionally, I wanted to participate to see where my interest level was in research. This knowledge helped me figure out what my next goal, later on in life, was going to be.

The impact: I have had an amazing time interning this summer. Being involved in such a program allowed for me to see how open my options are as a biology major — I do not think I would have really understood that any other way.

Most memorable research moment: The first time we went sampling for our study. I absolutely loved the idea of getting out in the field and seeing what happens outside of the lab and how it connects with work inside the lab.

“Being involved

in such a program allowed for me to see how open my options are as a biology major — I do not think I would have really understood that any other way.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Daniel Wolf | University of Rhode Island

The Bermuda Seaweed Project

“Another out-

come is to be able to define which warm weather species are becoming increasingly present in previously considered cold water climates. It can be a great tool to track and understand climate change.”

Mentor: Christopher Lane, University of Rhode Island Major: Marine biology Career path: Algal biofuels or climate change science Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: There is a wide range of algae species in Bermuda that scientist have been working to catalog for many years. As we continue to research different families, we are finding more diversity than original and new species. Also, species that were found in Bermuda and other temperate climates are being found up here in cold waters. By using PCR, we can look at the individual genes of our species to identify if they are truly the same or different/new species. This also can be a good indicator of climate change as warm water algae species are being found in more abundance increasingly farther north.

Our expected outcome is to find new species of algae that previously were grouped as being one species. Certain families like Champia are known to have more genetic diversity then previously recorded. The technology we have now allows us to find those differences and increase the number of species that we know of in each family. Another outcome is to be able to define which warm water species are becoming increasingly present in previously considered cold water climates. It can be a great tool to track and understand climate change.

Why SURF: I wanted to be able to continue my research in Dr. Lane’s lab. The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program is a great way to allow students to continue or to just begin their research careers.

The impact: I am able to get out in the field as much as needed as well as work in a great research facility here at the Center for Biotechnology and Life Sciences, where I can conduct our DNA analysis.

Most memorable research moment: When I created my first Champia phylogenetic tree and was able to see that we were definitely dealing with more than one species that has not been identified before.

“The SURF pro-

gram provides an amazing opportunity for undergraduates to not only conduct research, but also to develop professionally.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Marissa Wolfe | University of Rhode Island

Counting quahogs: Using the bull-rake as a stock assessment tool Mentor: Dale Leavitt, Roger Williams University Major: Marine affairs Career path: Coastal zone managment Expected graduation: May 2016 SURF project goal: The local fishermen of Narragansett Bay use a device called a bull-rake to collect quahogs from the bottom of the bay. Currently, the Department of Environmental Management (DEM) completes the stock assessments using a hydric dredge. This dredge is unable to maneuver in certain areas of the Bay, which leaves gaps in determining the number of quahogs. Working with fishermen, we are able to go into various areas for more accurate numbers. The fisherman rakes as they normally would, while a scuba diver follows and collects the missed quahogs. This allows us to get an idea of how many quahogs are in the measured area.

We hope to be able to provide DEM with more accurate numbers of the quahogs in Narragansett Bay, thereby allowing DEM to enhance how the agency manages the commercial quahog fishery in the Bay.

Why SURF: I wanted to challenge myself. The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program provides an amazing opportunity for undergraduates to not only conduct research, but also to develop professionally. When I first began looking into SURF, the projects were what drew me in — especially Dale Leavitt’s fishery projects. I had never participated in research before, but after reading about the program I had a feeling it was a good fit for all different levels of research experience.

The impact: I was a bit nervous at first working at a different university, but that was the beauty of the SURF program. The faculty is present and supporting us throughout the entire experience. SURF has given me an opportunity that I can carry with me into my future career.

Most memorable research moment: During my first time using a bull-rake, the quahogger made a bet with me on how many quahogs I had in the rake. My competitive side came out when he said zero. Needless to say, he won the bet since I was using the rake upside down.

“SURF has helped me to become more

independent, which will play a major role in my future career as a physician.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2015

Tracy Ohenewaa Yeboah | Providence College

Fight, flight or speed? Mysid behavior is affected by conspecifics, prey, and predator cues Mentor: Maia Bailey, Providence College Major: Biology/premed Career path: Physician Expected graduation: May 2016

actions are due to them trying to escape from the predator.

SURF project goal: We determined mysid behavior when prey (food), predator cues have been added. That is, are they more aggressive after the cues have been added or before? By doing several trials, we concluded that mysids, specifically Americamysis bahia, are very aggressive and interact more when prey or cues have been added.

We found out that interactions after prey has been added are due to the mysids preventing the other species from getting the food. One species marks the area where there is a lot of food and guards it. In the predator cue trials, the mysids pause after every movement and most of the inter-

The impact: Participating in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program has helped improve on my research skills. It has given me the opportunity to run trials on anything I find interesting and develop a protocol. SURF has helped me to become more independent, which will play a major role in my future career as a physician.

Why SURF: I wanted to show a broader audience what I have been studying for years and also learn from others.

Most memorable research moment: Driving down to Ninigret Pond in Charlestown, RI, with other lab members.

We play around and work!

Annual SURF picnic hosted

by Salve Regina University

David Taylor (RWU) | Jim Lemire (EPSCoR | Brenton DeBoef (INBRE)

Science poster design session at RISD

Science poster design session at RISD Lunch on the rocks at Beavertail State Park

Biofuels day, starting at Beavertail State Park in Jamestown

Exploring aquaculture with RWU