ABDUCENS WDAM 2020

ABDUCENS ACADEMIC BUNDLE OF CREATIONS

WDAM 2020 BY AMSA-UNHAS

OFFICIAL BOOKLET

PUBLIC POSTER WDAM 2020 BY AMSA-UNHAS

2ND WINNER PREVENT DIABETES BY STAYING IN “SHAPE” Andrea Melynda Panggalo; Adem Pratiwi SM; Revina Raissa Gunawan

PREVENT DIABETES BY STAYING IN “SHAPE” Andrea Melynda Panggalo; Adem Pratiwi SM; Revina Raissa Gunawan AMSA-Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi ABSTRACT

The estimated prevalence of adult aged 20 – 79 years with diabetes in 2019 was 463 1

million, and this number would rise to around 700 million by the end of 2045 . There are approximately 374 million people with a higher risk of developing T2DM, more than 1.1 million children and adolescent living with the type 1 diabetes and more than 20 million live birth are affected by diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes), making diabetes mellitus one of the most horrible uncommunicable disease with the number of deaths 1

reaching 4.2 million in 2019 .

Diabetes Mellitus is defined as heterogeneous complex metabolic disorder characterized and identified by chronic hyperglycemia and followed by either defects in 1-3

insulin secretion, insulin action, or both . Furthermore, uncontrolled increase of blood sugar in diabetic patients may lead to many serious long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of 3

the organs .

Diabetes Mellitus can be classified into the following general categories: 1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), characterized by an autoimmune-idiopathic process 3,5

with β-cell destruction . This process can cause an absolute or near absolute deficient insulin production and thus requires daily administration of insulin until the 5

rest of their life .

2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized with inability of the body to utilize insulin which is produced by β-cell in liver. This type of diabetes is also associated 3,5

with insulin secretion compensatory defect . Most T2DM patient are cause by obesity and physical inactivity.

5

3. Gestational diabetes, this classification of diabetes only occurs during pregnancy .

Women with gestational diabetes have higher risk of complication in pregnancy and 3

at delivery also their children have increase risk of T2DM in the future .

The most common symptoms caused by Diabetes Mellitus are thirst, polyuria, drastic weight loss, blurry vision, slow healing injuries, and decline of immunity that can lead to the

person being prone to infection. In severe clinical manifestations, the patient may develop ketoacidosis or a non-ketotic hyperosmolar state which can lead to stupor, coma and even death. Some complications due to long term accumulated effects of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy with high risk of blindness, renal failure, nerve damage in the feet that increase the incidence of foot ulcer, infection, and also autonomic dysfunction, such as sexual 6

dysfunction .

This poster aims to reduce the risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus caused by unhealthy lifestyle with staying in “SHAPE”. “SHAPE” is an acronym for Stop smoking, Healthy programmed meals, Active Lifestyle, Preserve ideal weight, and Enough Sleep.

1. S is for Stopsmoking.Thechemicals in cigarattes cause harm and interfere our body’s cell’s normal function, and thus can cause inflammation, which may decrease 7

the effectiveness of insulin and increase the risk of diabetes .

2. H is for Healthy programmedmeals.In order to keeping track our blood glucose level, it is recommended to eat more fruit and vegetable, reduce eating food with high Glicemic Index(GI) (such as rice and chocolate), eating with plate method 8

(50% non-strachy vegetables, 25% lean protein, and 25% grain or starchy food) .

3. A is for activelifestyle.Thegoal is to do moderate-intensity physical activity, such as walking briskly, doing house work, swimming for at least 150 minutes per week, or 20 to 25 minutes of activity per day. Increasing physical activities can 9

increase the body sensitivity of insulin .

4. P is for Periodicallycheckbloodsugar.Regular blood sugar monitoring help delay and even prevent diabetes.

5. E is for Enoughsleep.Sleepaffects the body’s hormone level and its ability to regulate and metabolize glucose. People with sleep restriction have 40% lower glucose tolerance on average, which cause their glucose level stay significantly 10

higher than people with enough sleep .

Finally, the urge to control all the risks of Diabetes will be depend on personal lifestyle choices. In the era where physical inactivity becoming a trend and fast foods are everywhere, we hope that staying in "SHAPE" may help in preventing the society to suffer from Diabetes.

Bibliography 1 .

International Diabetes Federation - Facts & figures [Internet]. Idf.org. [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes/factsfigures.html

2 .

Ninth edition. IDF DIABETES ATLAS [Internet]. Diabetesatlas.org. [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/2019/IDF_Atlas_9th_Edition_2019.pdf

3 .

Who.int. [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/66040/WHO_NCD_NCS_99.2.pdf;jse ssionid=9EEEEB1C8ED1AF72BE1F755AC1C29317?sequence=

4 .

Diabetes [Internet]. Who.int. [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes

5 .

WHO | About diabetes. 2014 [cited 2020 Oct 29]; Available from: https://www.who.int/diabetes/action_online/basics/en/index1.html

6 .

Solis-Herrera C, Triplitt C, Reasner C, DeFronzo RA, Cersosimo E. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dungan K, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com; 2018.

7 .

CDCTobaccoFree. Smoking and Diabetes [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/diabetes.html

8 .

CDC. Diabetes Meal Planning [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/eat-well/meal-plan-method.html

9 .

Get Active! [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/active.html

1 0 .

Type2diabetes.com. [cited 2020 Oct 29]. Available from: https://type2diabetes.com/diet-nutrition/healthy-weight/

Prevent Diabetes with Healthy Lifestyle Megan Janice Nawing, Majesty Patu Buana, Tiara Resky Anugrah Mahmud

ABSTRACT

Prevent Diabetes with Healthy Lifestyle Author : Megan Janice Nawing, Majesty Patu Buana, Tiara Resky Anugrah Mahmud Hasanuddin University

Background : Type 2 diabetes is a disease that occurs when the body doesn’t make enough insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose get into your cells to be used for energy. This causes blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. It’s kind of diabetes which accounts for approximately 90% of the total, this rising trend can be attributed to ageing, a rapid increase in urbanisation, and obesogenic environments. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include increased urination, blurred vision, fatigue, and nausea. The good news is that you can take steps to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. Healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent type 2 diabetes, and that's true even if you have diabetes in your family.

A healthy lifestyle includes more exercise, eat healthy, and avoid smoking. Also, keeping body weight in a normal scale and do medical check up routine.

Objectives : To inform other people about the symptomps, treatment, and how to prevent diabetes type 2. We hope that it can increase society’s awareness of diabetes and make them start a healthy lifestyle.

References : 1. What is Diabetes? | NIDDK [Internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/healthinformation/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes

2. Diabetes prevention: 5 tips for taking control [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. [cited 2020 Oct 26].

Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/indepth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639 3. International Diabetes Federation - Facts & figures [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes/facts-figures.html

Prevent Diabetes with a lotofCREAM Karen Kurnia Richard Paparang Gabriella N. Mundi

Prevent Diabeteswith a lot ofCREAM Diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as “diabetes”) is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in the world. This disease is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and its complications that cause early morbidity and mortality make diabetes a priority health concern.

People with diabetes can experience serious complications such as heart and cardiovascular disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Currently there are approximately 422 million people in the world who suffer from diabetes with the number of deaths reaching 1.6 million each year. This means that there is 1 person with diabetes for every 11 people in the world (1).

There are 2 main types of diabetes : type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a condition where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or even does not produce insulin at all, resulting in an increase of glucose levels in the blood. Type 1 diabetes occurs since childhood / juvenile. Meanwhile, type 2 diabetes usually only develops in adults due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type and in the last three decades its prevalence has increased dramatically in countries of all income levels. The majority of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese. Other risk factors that can cause diabetes include physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, age, family history of diabetes (genetic), and high blood pressure (2,3).

According to WHO, there is a globally agreed to halt the rise in diabetes and obesity by 2025 (4). Creators proposed an intervention in helping prevent diabetes with five important point that can easily remember called CREAM. First, C is for Controlyourweight,bylosing 5-10% of the current weight may be able to prevent or delay diabetes. It is important because people who are overweight or obese can aggravates insulin resistance. Second, R is for Regularlydoexercise.Physical inactivity could led to type 2 diabetes. By exercise regularly, muscles works more often and improves the ability to use insulin and absorb glucose. This could help to lose weight, lower blood sugar levels, and also has many health benefits. Third, E is for Eat healthy.Healthyeating plan by reduce the amount of calories to eat and avoid extra sugar consumption have a big impact to keep the weight and control blood sugar levels. Diet should include plenty of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and healthy fats. Avoid processed meat and limit red meat is also recommended. Fourth, A is for Aska doctorwhetherthereisanything elseyoucandotopreventdiabetes.Explanation from the health care provider also necessary to see each person’s needs, high risk people may suggested to take diabetes medicines. Fifth,

M is for Maintainano-smokinglifebecausesmokingcan contribute to insulin resistance which can lead to type 2 diabetes (5). This five intervention is shown in the public poster as an idea to help the community to understand more about diabetes especially type 2 diabetic, and hopefully they can give more care to prevent diabetes before it causes more health problems.

Let’s prevent diabetes with a lot of CREAM! References : 1.

World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes [Internet]. Geneva; 2016 Apr [cited

2020

Oct

28].

Available

from:

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565257 2.

CDC. What is diabetes? | CDC [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html

3.

World Health Organization. HEARTS D: diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 28]. 1–35 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-ucn-ncd-20.1

4.

World Health Organization. Diabetes [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes

5.

U.S. National Library of Medicine. How to Prevent Diabetes: MedlinePlus [Internet]. [cited

2020

Oct

28].

https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html

Available

from:

SUGAR! OUR HERO FOR DIABETES Michael Pinarto, Vinson Evan Thenardy, Irene Jessica Leonardy

SUGAR! OUR HERO FOR DIABETES Author: Michael Pinarto, Vinson Evan Thenardy, Irene Jessica Leonardy AMSA-Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. Diabetes is also a major public health problem in worldwide. In 2016 diabetes is in th

the 7 rank as the deadliest disease in the world. Current global estimates indicate that this condition affect 463 million people and is set to escalate to 700 million by the year 2045. One of the obstacles in the way of seeking health services is the lack of knowledge about the disease in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Many people still don’t understand about this disease and don’t have an update information about this disease. This can lead to the spread of wrong information that can cause a misunderstanding in public about diabetes. According to a study in 2012, show that the public has different ideas about diabetes and most of the public give a negative and black image about diabetes. This black image can give a negative impact to people with diabetes. More studies show that the public negative image and a verbal bullying can affect the HbA1c concentration of people with diabetes, which can worsen the patient’s condition. That’s why we want to change this “status quo” about people’s misunderstanding in diabetes.

Objective:Theaimis to provide knowledge and information to the public about diabetes and also we want to tell the latest update of the disease to the public, so there is no more misunderstanding in the public.

References: 1.

International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth Edition. 2019.

2.

The top 10 causes of death [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

3.

Abdoli S, Mardanian L, Mirzaei M. How public perceive diabetes: A qualitative study.

Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2012 Jul [cited 2020 Oct 25];17(5):370–4. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23853650

4.

Storch EA, Heidgerken AD, Geffken GR, Lewin AB, Ohleyer V, Freddo M, et al.

Bullying, regimen self-management, and metabolic control in youth with type I diabetes. J Pediatr. 2006 Jun 1;148(6):784–7.

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