Graduation Book "Visitor Centre at Siwa Oasis,Egypt"

Hel wa nUni v er s i t y F a c ul t yofF i neAr t s Depa r t mentofAr c hi t ec t ur e

THESUNSET OASI S

SI WABETWEEN PAST, PRESRENT &FUTURE

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2De mog r a phi c sa nds t asc s 1.

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1S e l e c t e dS i t e 2.

2S WOTAna l y s i s 2.

3S WOTAna l y s i sOut c ome s

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1Cl i ma t eCons i de r aons 3.

2Ur ba nAna l y s i s

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SI TE ANALYSI S

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1Pr oj e c tOne: Wa di E l Hi t a n 1027 4.

2Pr oj e c tT wo: T i r pi t zBunk e rMus e um 4.

3Pr oj e c tT hr e e: E l e pha ntMus e um

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2De s i g nConc e pt

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PRECEDENTS

PROGRAMMI NG

CONCEPT

Cha pt e r1 .

I nt r o duc t i o n.

Cha pt e r1l I nt r oducon S i wai son eoft h emos ti s ol a t e ds el e me n t s .

I tc o v e r sa n a r e aofa b ou t1 0 8 8s q k m, L i e sb e t we e nt h eQa r a De p r e s s i ona n dT h eGr e a tS a n dS e ai nt h eWe s t e r nDe s e r t , 5 0k me a s toft h eL i b y a nb or d e r , a n d3 0 0k mf r omMa t r ou h .

I t s2 5 , 0 0 0h a b i t a n t sa r emos t l yNor t hAf r i c a nBe r b e r s “ Ama z i g h i a n ”d i v i d e done l e v e nt r i b e s , T h e ysl l p os s e s s t h e i ror i g i n a l a n c i e n tt r a d ion s a n dh a b i t swh i c hi n c l u d e s ma n ya ma z i n gf e sv a l sa n dc e l e b r aon sb e s i d et h e t r a d ion a l I s l a mi con e s .

T h ef a mou son ewh a ti sk n o wna s " Al S e i a h a "a n di tt a k e sp l a c ei nOc t ob e r .

F i g u r e1 : S i wa np e o p l eCe l e b r a t e

“ Al S e i a h a ”F e a s tf o r3 d a y sa tE l Da k r o u r Mou n t a i n

S i waOa s i sr e ma i n sa ni s ol a t e dp l a c ef r omt h eou t s i d ewor l d .

Cu s t omsa n dt r a d ion soft h e Oa s i sp e op l ea r emu c hl i k ea l l Be d ou i nc ommu n ie sh a b i t s . i ti sf or b i d d e nt ot h eS i wa n wome nt og oou toft h eh ou s e , a n di fa l l o we di ne me r g e n c ys i t u aon , t h i smu s tb ei nt h e c omp a n yofh e rma n . i ti sc ommonf orwome nt oe n g a g e i nc oa g ei n d u s t r i e s , s u c ha s we a v i n g , e mb r oi d e r i n g , e t c .

Wome nc l ot h si n S i waa r ec h a r a c t e r i z e db yr i c hc h r oma t og r a p h y r e s u ln gf r omk n in ga n dn e e d l ewor k sa n d v a r i ou smo f sa n ds y mb ol sonb l a c k( Ge l b a b ) .

I n t e r e sn g l y , t h ep r e d omi n a n tc ol or sf or or n a me n t sonb a s k e t r ya n dc l ot h e sa r eg r e e n , y e l l o w, or a n g e , r e da n db l a c kt os y mb ol i z et h e r i p e n i n gs t a g e sofd a t ef r u i t sI na d d iont o t h a t , s i l v e rj e we l r yi n l a i dwi t hp r e c i ou ss t on e s a n db i gb r a c e l e t s .

F i g u r e2 : S i wa ny ou n gwo ma nF i g u r e3 : S i wa nWo me n

T h el a n d s c a p eoft h eoa s i sa swe l l a st h e ma k i n gb a s k e t r ya r t . we a r i n gt h eT r a f oe t a r c h a e ol og i c a l s i t e sd omi n a t ea n di mp os ea l l s e n s e sofb ot hr e s i d e n t sa n dv i s i t or s h eme r g i n gof t h eb i r da n dt h eoa s i sp r od u c e st h emos te x q u i s i t e p i c t u r e . e x p e r i e n c i n gt h ea r c h a e ol og i c a l s i t e s , v i s i t s a n dc oh a b i t a t et h el oc a l e n v i r on me n twi t hi t ' sr i c h a n ds p e c i a l v oc a b u l a r i e si n s p i r e st h ea rs t s ' v i s i on sd u r i n gt h es t a yt h e r e .

I ta l s on ou r i s ht h e v i s u a l me mor ywi t hn e wv oc a b u l a r yc a r r y i n g d i ffe r e n ta e s t h e cv a l u e si nt h e ms e l v e sa n di na h a r mon ywi t ht h er e s toft h ee l e me n t s .

F u r t h e r mor e , i twi l l i n d u c eh i sf e e l i n g sa n d i ma g i n aont h a th ec a nu s el a t e rwh e t h e rd i r e c t l y F i g u r e4 : Mi g r a t o r yp i n kfla mi n g o s ori n d i r e c t l yi nh i sa r t wor k .

F i g u r e4 : S t u d e n tf r o mF i n ea r t s i n s p i r e db yCl e o p a t r aS p r i n g d u r i n go u rv i s i t2 0 2 1

F i g u r e6 : Ars tRa n i aHa f e zi nt h e F i g u r e6 : Ars tMa h mo u dF a r e di n e x h i b ion“ T h eS o u n dofNa t u r e . ” t h ee x h i b ion“ T h eS o u n dof 2 0 1 8 Na t u r e . ”2 0 1 8 T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 1

Cha pt e r1l I nt r oducon

F i g u r e4 : On eT h ou s a n d sCa me l sCa r a v a n

F i g u r e5 : T r a n s S a h a r a nT r a d eR ou t e

AnI s l a mi ch i s t or i a n , Ma q r i z i , e x p l a on st h a tb y1 2 0 3S i wama yh a v eb e e na ni n d e p e n d e n t r e p u b l i c . h eg oe sont os a yt h a ti twa sp op u l a t e db ys t r a n ga n df e a r s omea n i ma l sa n dt h a t t h ep e op l ewe r ep l a g u e db yu n u s u a l d i s e a s e .

Ho we v e r , h ea l s os a y st h a ti t sf e rl i t ywa s l e g e n d a r y , c in ga n“ Or a n g e T r e e ”a sl a r g ea sa nE g y p ons y c a mor e , p r od u c i n gf ou r t e e n t h ou s a n d sor a n g e se v e r yy e a r , t h e nS i wae x p or t e dc r op st oE g y p ta n dCy r e n e .

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 2

Cha pt e r1l I nt r oducon

F i g u r e5 : S i waNo wd a y s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 3

Cha pt e r1l I nt r oducon

t s Ma r c h a n t sT ou r i s t s Ars

L oc a l S i wa n od i v e r s i t y P e op l e Bi F i g u r e6 : Di a g r a ms h o wsMa i nu s e r s

E x c h a n g eCu l t u r e

E d u c aon

S p r e a dCu l t u r e

Commu n i t y E n v i r on E c on omy me n t Ha n d Cr as S i wa Naon a l P r ot e c t or a t e

Bi od i v e r s i t y

Ag r i c u l t u r e

S a l tI n d u s t r i e s Wa s t eR e c y c l e r a d ion a l Ar c h i t e c t u r e Ag r i c u l t u r eT

F i g u r e7 : Di a g r a ms h o wsS i waDe v e l op me n tP l a n

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 4

Cha pt e r2 .

Si t eSe l e c t i o n.

Cha pt e r2l S i t eS e l e con

S i t eL oc aon( 2 9 ° 1 2 ' 5 2 .

1 0 “ N) .

P l otAr e a : 5 0 0 0s q m.

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 5

Cha pt e r2l S i t eS e l e con

L oc aon L a n d ma r k s T ou r i scp l a c e s Ne a rGr o v e s Ne a rMa i nR oa d s T r a n s p or t aon GoodVi e ws P ol l u onf r e e Ca l mn e s s s

F a rf r omd o wn t o wn Dr a i n a g e S oi l S a l i n i z aon De s e rfic aon L i mi t e ds e r v i c e s l a c kofi n f r a s t r u c t u r e Un p a v e dR oa d

S .

W. O. T ANAL Y S I S

Us a g eofS a l tL a k e i nS a l tI n d u s t r i e s Ne e dofMa r k e t p l a c e Us i n gV e r n a c u l a r a r c h i t e c t u r e E x p l oi t aonofn e i g h b or i n g a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s

We a kI n f r a s t r u c t u r e Hu mi d u t y T ou r i s mi ns p e c i fic s e a s on son l y

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 6

Cha pt e r3 .

Si t eAna l y s i s .

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s

F i g u r e9 : Ra d ionCh a r t

F i g u r e1 0 : Hu mi d i t yCh a r t

F i g u r e1 1 : Wi n dR os e

F i g u r e1 2 : Wi n dV e l oc i t yCh a r t

F i g u r e1 3 : T e mp e r t u r er a n g eofS i waCh a r t

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 0 9

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s

F i g u r e1 4 : S k yCo v e rCh a r t

F i g u r e1 5 : Cl i ma t eAn a l y s i sOu t c ome

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 0

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s

Mi x e dUs e

T our i scS t r uc t ur e

S e r v i c e

F i g ur e16: L a ndUs e S t ac s T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 1

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s Bui l di ng sHe i g ht s

F i g ur e17: Bui l di ng s He i g ht sS t ac s T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 2

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s Bui l di ng sCons t r uconMa p

Whi t eS t one S t r uc t ur e

Br i c k S t r uc t ur e

Ka r s hi e f S t r uc t ur e

F i g ur e19: Bui l di ng s Cons t r uconS t ac s T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 4

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s Bui l di ng sCondions

GoodBui l di ng Condion

Da ma g e dBui l di ng Condion

F i g ur e18: Bui l di ng s CondionsS t ac s T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 3

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s S ol i da ndVoi d

Ac c or di ngt oS i t eVi s i ti nv e sg aon, hi g hdwns i t yofs ol i di s c onc e nt r a t e dwi t hi nt hec e nt r eoft hec i t ya nda l s oi nuppe r s i deofS ha l i

F i g ur e20: S ol i da nd Voi dS t ac s T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 5

Ame l l a l e c ol odg e

T a z i r yE c ov i l l a g e s

S i waL a k e

S ha l i Ca s l t e

S ha l i Mount a i n

F a t na sI s l a nd

Da k r our _ Mount a i n

Cl e opa t r aS pr i ng

T e mpl eofAmun

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s L a ndMa r k s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 7

Cha pt e r3l S i t eAna l y s i s Ac c e s s a bi l i t y

S e c onda r yRoa ds

Ma i nRoa ds Mobi l i t y

T r i c y c l e( 6pe r s ons )

4× 4Ca r( 7pe r s ons )

Mi ni Va n(7P e r s ons )

Bi k e

Mi ni Va n(7P e r s ons )

Donk yCa r t( 6pe r s ons )

F i g ur e21: Mobi l i t yi nS i waOa s i s T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 6

Cha pt e r4.

Pr e c e de nt s .

P r oj e c ts u p p or t e db ya s s oc i aon ofNaon a l R e s e r v e sS u p p or ti nE g y p t P r oj e c tt ot a l a r e a 2 0 0S q .

K m 2 0 0 5

F a y ou m, E g y p t

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

I n t r od u con Wa d i E l Hi t a ni sap a l e on t ol og i c a l s i t ea tF a i y u mi nE g y p t , 1 5 0K ma wa yf r omCa i r o.

I twa sd e s i g n e db yaUNI E S C OWor l dHe r i t a g es i t ei nJ u l y2 0 0 5 , F ori t sh u n d r e d soff os s i l s oft h ee a r l i e s tf or msofWh a l e s .

T h eUNI S C Oa d d e di tt ot h el i s tofp r ot e c t e dwor l d He r i t a g es i t e sb e c a u s en owh e r ee l s eh a st h en u mb e r , Con c e n t r aona n dq u a l i t yofs u c h f os s i l s .

T h eP r ot e c t e dAr e ai sa b ou t2 0 0k m2( n oti n c l u d i n gb u ffe rz on e ) .

Be c a u s eofi t sd i s t a n t n a t u r e , v i s i t or sc a nc a mpo v e r n i g h t , t h u sr e d u c i n gt h en e e df orp e r ma n e n t l yc on s t r u c t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e st h a twou l dv i ol a t ei t sn a t u r a l a n dp r e h i s t or i cl a n d s c a p e .

V e h i c l e sa r e p r oh i b i t e da n don l yg u i d e dt ou r sb yf ootoronc a me l onas e tt r a i l a r ea l l o we dt ov i s i t Wa d i Al Hi t a nt h r ou g hp r e v i ou s l ya r r a n g e dg u i d e dt ou r s .

T hea r c hi t e c t ur a l de s i g noft heVi s i t or s ’ Ce nt r ea ndi t sa me nie sa i msa tr e duc i ngi t se ffe c ton t hel a nds c a pet hr oug hf uncona l a nda e s t he ca s pe c t sofE c omi mi c r y.

Ac ompl e xa rc ul aons y s t e mofv a ul t sa nds c ul pt e dmudbr i c k swa l l si sus e df ort he c k e t s t aona ndt hei nf or maonpos t .

Asf ort hee ne r g ya ndwa t e rs uppl i e si nt hebui l di ng s , a wa t e rt a nki sfil l e donar e g ul a rba s i sa l t houg hi ti snota de qua t et of ul fil t hene e dsofma ny t our i s t sa nds t a ff.

T heCe nt r er e l i e spr i ma r i l yont heus eoft hec ompl e x ' ss ol a re ne r g ys y s t e m.

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 1 9

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 0

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 1

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 2

Ar c h i t e c t: Bj a r k eI n g e l sGr ou p( BI G) P r oj e c tt ot a l a r e a 2 , 8 0 0S q .

M 2 0 1 7

Bl å v a n d , De n ma r k

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

T heE x hi bions , de s i g ne dbyDut c ha g e nc yT i nk e rI ma g i ne e r s , s howc a s epe r ma ne nta nd t e mpor a r yt he me de x pe r i e nc e st ha tg r oundt het a l eofa ni mpr e s s i v ewa rma c hi ne .

Whi l es e tbyt hehe a v yhe r me cobj e c toft heWWI I bunk e r , t hene wT I RPI T Zi sas ha r p c ont r a s tt ot hec onc r e t emonol i t hbyc a moufla g i ngwi t ht hel a nds c a pea ndi nv ing l i g ht ne s sa ndope nne s si nt ot hene wmus e um.

T hec our t y a r da l l owsa c c e s si nt ot hef our unde r g r oundg a l l e r ys pa c e st ha tha v ea na bunda nc eofda y l i g hte v e nt houg ht he ya r el i t e r a l l y c a r v e di nt ot hes a nd.

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 3

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

F i g ur e: Ar myofConc r e t eE x hi bi t

F i g ur e: S e aofGol dE x hi bi t

F i g ur e: Gol doft heWe s tCoa s tE x hi bi t F r omt hes unk e ng a l l e r i e s , v i s i t or sa r ea bl et o wa l ki nt ot hehi s t or i cbunk e r , whi c hg r ounds t het a l eofa ni mpr e s s i v ewa rma c hi ne .

F i g ur e: T heS unk e nGa l l e r i e s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 4

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 5

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

F i g ur e: Conc r e t eMa t e r i a l T hel a r g e s tr oofde c kwe i g hsa bout1.

090t ona ndt hec ompl e xr oofs t r uc t ur ei se ng i ne e r e dby S wi s sL üc hi ng e r + Me y e r .

T hema i ni nt e r i orma t e r i a l su l i z e dt hr oug houtt heg a l l e r ys pa c e sa r e wooda ndhotr ol l e ds t e e l whi c hi sa ppl i e dt oa l l t hei nt e r i orwa l l s .

6mt a l l g l a s spa ne l sf a c et he out doorc our t y a r d, a l l owi ngna t ur a l da y l i g hti nt ot hef oure x hi bions pa c e s .

F i g ur e: T heCour t y a r d T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 6

Cha pt e r4l Pr e c e da nt s

F i g ur e: Pl a ns howst heMa i nf ourpa t hwa y s

F i g ur e: S e c t onss howsi de aofc u ngdune s

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 7

Cha pt e r5 .

Pr o g r a mmi ng .

Cha pt e r5l Pr og r a mmi ng

E x hi b onAr e a& Hol og r a mHa l l t os how t hehi s t or yofS i wai i na v i s ua l a nda udi owa y .

Ma r k e tHa l l f ora l mos t a l l s i wag oodst ha tma de f ort our i s t sa ndt r a de s

T a k ea dv a nt a g eofS i wa Na t ur a l be a ut ybyma k i ng mor eout doors pa c e s pe c i a l f ora rs i t swho c a ns pr e a dS i wa nCul t ur e a ndNa t ur et ot hewhol e wor l d.

Be s i deoutdoors pa c ef or s i wa npe opl et oe nj oy t he i rf e sv a l sa ndr i t ua l

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 8

Cha pt e r5l Pr og r a mmi ng

T h eS u n s e tOa s i sI 2 9

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.1 Standards Prototypes and standards of bedrooms

Minimum spacing between beds in residential rooms

Bathroom arrangement

Single room

Double room

The Sunset Oasis l 29

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.1 Standards • Prototypes and standards of water treatment station • Prototypes and standards of aid clinic

2

The Sunset Oasis l 30

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.1 Standards • Prototypes and standards of workshops • Prototypes and standards of shops

Buildings around an open air court

Heights of buildings Drivers rest relation with parking

The Sunset Oasis l 31

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.1 Standards • Prototypes and standards of workshops

Gíound flooí plan (left) and fiíst flooí plan (íight) of the N. C. Mehta Museum in Ahmedabad.

Fiíst flooí plan

Ciículation aíea of the ľokyo Museum of Westeín Aít.

Gíound flooí plan (left) and fiíst flooí plan (íight) of the Museum and Aít Galleíy in Chandigaíh. (íedíawn by the authoís).

The Sunset Oasis l 32

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.1 Standards • Prototypes and standards of workshops A section of lighting in the Museum and Art Gallery in Chandigarh. natural lighting indirect natural lighting

Lighting sections of the Museum in Ahmedabad. natuíal lighting aítificial lighting indiíect aítificial lighting.

B section of lighting in the Tokyo Museum of Western Art.

The Sunset Oasis l 33

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.1 Standards • Prototypes and standards of workshops

6

The Sunset Oasis l 34

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.3 Bubble Diagram Amazigh

Craft Class

Workshop

Class

Studio Camping

Marketing Class

Educational Class

Restaurant

Awareness Class

Gallery

Open Theater Kids Area

Workshops

Commercial Market General Museum

Service & Toilets

Residential

Museum Entrance

Entrance

Admin

Storage Water transfer station

Waiting & services for devices

Parking Storage

Solid Waste recycling

Renewable center supply

The Sunset Oasis l 35

Chapter 5 l Programming 5.3 Zoning

Camping

Educational Class General Museum

Restaurant Commercial Market

Waiting & services for devices

Residential

Entrance

Parking

The Sunset Oasis l 36

Chapter 6 l Project

The Sunset Oasis l 37

Chapter 6 l Project

The Sunset Oasis l 38

References Refences :

1- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_reserve 2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora 3https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=12102019 &id=b0e95f8a-d9bc4199-9f11-4fc156dfcb22 4https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=12102019 &id=b0e95f8a-d9bc4199-9f11-4fc156dfcb22 5https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=12102019 &id=b0e95f8a-d9bc4199-9f11-4fc156dfcb22 6https://globalbiodiversityprotection.org/en/cause-view/ecotourism/ 7- https://youmatter.world/en/definition/ecotourism/ 8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism#Principles 9https://wayakit.com/business-strategies/newtechnologies/innovative-ecotourismactivities 10https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cobi.13341 11- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism 12https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=12102019 &id=b0e95f8a-d9bc4199-9f11-4fc156dfcb22 13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwa_Oasis 14https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/1429692.aspx 15https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1578/htm 16https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/3/95023/Egypt-approvesfunds-for-vital-projectsin-Siwa-Alexandria-Habata 17http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en us/topics/nature/biodiversity/ibas.asp

The Sunset Oasis l 36