Practice, Management & Law Essay

Practice, Management & Law

@00551349 Coursework 2 3rd Year Architcture Univerity Of Salford

Contents: Section 1, Pages 1 - 9 Reflective Practice Report, Pages 1 - 7 Bibliography, Pages 8 - 9 Image Souce List, Page 9

Section 2, Pages 10 - 14 Personal Development Plan, Pages 10 - 14 Form 1, Page 10 Form 2, Page 11 Form 3, Page 12 Form 4, Page 13 Form 5, Page 14

Section 1 (Reflective Practice Report)

Introduction This essay will discuss and examine three main topics being fire and life safety, climate change and ethical practice that the Royal institute of British Architects (RIBA) value as being a priority in the educational system of architectural students and in practice. The RIBA published ‘The way ahead’ document which discusses the changes within the architectural practice in modern times, mentioning key events such as Grenfell tower which shaped and brough focus back to the regulations of fire and life safety not only for Britain but for other countries to make sure another tragedy caused by a lack of regulation and maintenance doesn’t happen and better prevention and protocol is ensured by every member of the construction team (Mohamed et all, 2020). In addition to mentioning social issues within practices to increase inclusion, diversity and fairness, as the architectural industry has heavily been male dominated due to its long hours and underrepresentation and under-utilisation of women within the practice (Sang et all, 2014). It’s important that in architectural education that diversity of gender, age and ethnicity is celebrated and encouraged to better foster more ideas, communication and outlooks on design. One of the biggest factors affecting modern day design, climate change brings a new level of responsibility for architects, as policies and agreements on a national level such as the Paris agreement in 2016 in which 195 countries signed including the UK creates additional sets of aims and requirements designs must meet to reduce the amount of carbon emissions (Chan, 2016). Therefore, it is important that within architecture education these key topics are taught, discussed and understood to make sure future professionals bring about development and change within and around the built environment industries and practices.

Fire & Life Safety When discussing fire and life safety within architecture it’s important to mention the Grenfell tower event which occured on the fourteenth of June 2017. The case study incident was caused by a fire which broke out due to the malfunctioning of a fridge which was spread and exacerbated by the poor insulation and cladding as pre-renovations the facade was precast ceramic tiles which is known to have good fire resistance but the reasons for recladding were to met energy saving costs and in turn the rainscreen cladding material provided

by Celotex company were inadequate and poorly installed (Mohamed et al, 2020). It was discovered that the high rise buildings fabric did not comply with building safety regulations which resulted in the loss of 72 lives and the detriment to long term physical and emotional stress of those who survived (Hodkinson, 2019). The implications of this event dramatically changed the architectural industries legal documentation of the construction process both for new and existing constructions in regards to fire and life safety.

The issue stems from accountability as to who’s at fault resulting in the creation of a new fire safety bill in 2021, that states that a duty holder of a multistory complex must manage and oversee any risks of fire for the construction of the building. This leads to the building regulation 38 of the regulatory framework means that the responsible person has a clear role in the building construction and life (Speaight, & Thorne, 2021).

The fire also led to a review of all other high rise residential buildings and led to a ban on all combustible cladding materials nationwide and introduced the draft plan for the Building Safety Regulators (BSR) which is set to take full effect in 2023. These regulators apply to buildings with more than 6 storey and outlines the safety procedures that should be taken when constructing, refurbishment or renovation and they reserve the right to police any building that they deem unfit for purpose and apply criminal negligence if needed whilst also educating the current/future residents on safety (Peter, 2021). This brings a significant change to the way architects plan and design buildings and within their project team those involved in the direct construction of the building such as the engineers and construction project managers have a new level of control that they must use to ensure that the construction is following the correct procedure. The final report by Hackitt (2018) which was a response to Grenfell lists wout the various roles and responsibilities that architects and designers have on influencing fire and safety design. Therefore it is important that architects are properly educated on their role and fire and life safety to avoid a similar event from recurring (Fig. 1).

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Figure 1- Hackitt report extractions displaying roles and responsibilities, (2018) 0

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RIBA Plan of Work 2020

The RIBA Plan of Work organises the process of briefing, designing, delivering, maintaining, operating and using a building into eight stages. It is a framework for all disciplines on construction projects and should be used solely as guidance for the preparation of detailed professional services and building contracts.

Strategic Definition

Preparation and Briefing

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Technical Design

Manufacturing and Construction Handover

Stage Boundaries:

Stage Outcome

The best means of achieving the Client Requirements confirmed

Stages 0-4 will generally be undertaken one after the other.

Stages 4 and 5 will overlap in the Project Programme for most projects.

Stage 5 commences when the contractor takes possession of the site and finishes at Practical Completion.

Stage 6 starts with the handover of the building to the client immediately after Practical Completion and finishes at the end of the Defects Liability Period.

Stage 7 starts concurrently with Stage 6 and lasts for the life of the building.

Planning Note: Planning Applications are generally submitted at the end of Stage 3 and should only be submitted earlier when the threshold of information required has been met. If a Planning Application is made during Stage 3, a midstage gateway should be determined and it should be clear to the project team which tasks and deliverables will be required.

See Overview guidance.

Procurement: The RIBA Plan of Work is procurement neutral – See Overview guidance for a detailed description of how each stage might be adjusted to accommodate the requirements of the Procurement Strategy.

ER CP

Employer’s Requirements Contractor’s Proposals

at the end of the stage

Prepare Client Requirements

during the stage

Develop Business Case for feasible options including review of Project Risks and Project Budget

Project Strategies might include: – Conservation (if applicable) – Cost – Fire Safety – Health and Safety – Inclusive Design – Planning – Plan for Use – Procurement – Sustainability See RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview for detailed guidance on Project Strategies

Core Statutory Processes

Ratify option that best delivers Client Requirements

Project Brief approved by the client and confirmed that it can be accommodated on the site

Prepare Project Brief including Project Outcomes and Sustainability Outcomes, Quality Aspirations and Spatial Requirements Undertake Feasibility Studies Agree Project Budget

Architectural Concept approved by the client and aligned to the Project Brief

Architectural and engineering information Spatially Coordinated

The brief remains “live” during Stage 2 and is derogated in response to the Architectural Concept

Agree Project Brief Derogations

Source Site Information including Site Surveys

Undertake Site Appraisals

Prepare Project Programme

Undertake Design Reviews with client and Project Stakeholders

Prepare Project Execution Plan

Prepare stage Design Programme

Undertake Design Studies, Engineering Analysis and Cost Exercises to test Architectural Concept resulting in Spatially Coordinated design aligned to updated Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification Initiate Change Control Procedures Prepare stage Design Programme

No design team required for Stages 0 and 1. Client advisers may be appointed to the client team to provide strategic advice and design thinking before Stage 2 commences.

Strategic appraisal of Planning considerations

Planning Building Regulations Health and Safety (CDM)

Develop architectural and engineering technical design Prepare and coordinate design team Building Systems information Prepare and integrate specialist subcontractor Building Systems information Prepare stage Design Programme

Finalise Site Logistics Manufacture Building Systems and construct building

Rectify defects

Resolve Site Queries as required

Complete initial Aftercare tasks including light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

Building handover tasks bridge Stages 5 and 6 as set out in the Plan for Use Strategy

Review design against Building Regulations

Submit Building Regulations Application

Carry out Construction Phase Plan

Prepare and submit Planning Application

Discharge precommencement Planning Conditions

Comply with Planning Conditions related to construction

Appoint design team

ER

Pre-contract services agreement

Implement Facilities Management and Asset Management Undertake Post Occupancy Evaluation of building performance in use Verify Project Outcomes including Sustainability Outcomes

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Adaptation of a building (at the end of its useful life) triggers a new Stage 0

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Prepare Construction Phase Plan Submit form F10 to HSE if applicable Tender

Appoint client team

Undertake review of Project Performance

Inspect Construction Quality

Agree route to Building Regulations compliance

Management Contract Construction Management

Hand over building in line with Plan for Use Strategy

Undertake seasonal Commissioning

Undertake Commissioning of building

Building used, operated and maintained efficiently

Stage 7 starts concurrently with Stage 6 and lasts for the life of the building

Monitor progress against Construction Programme

Obtain pre-application Planning Advice

Option: submit outline Planning Application

Building handed over, Aftercare initiated and Building Contract concluded

There is no design work in Stage 5 other than responding to Site Queries

Initiate collation of health and safety Pre-construction Information

Traditional ER CP

Appoint contractor

CP

Appoint contractor

CP

Appoint contractor

Appoint contractor

Appoint Facilities Management and Asset Management teams, and strategic advisers as needed

Appoint contractor

Contractor-led

at the end of the stage

Manufacturing, construction and Commissioning completed

Source pre-application Planning Advice

Design & Build 1 Stage Design & Build 2 Stage

Use

Prepare Building Manual Specialist subcontractor designs are prepared and reviewed during Stage 4

See Planning Note for guidance on submitting a Planning Application earlier than at end of Stage 3

Information Exchanges

All design information required to manufacture and construct the project completed Stage 4 will overlap with Stage 5 on most projects

Prepare Architectural Concept incorporating Strategic Engineering requirements and aligned to Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification

Review Feedback from previous projects

during the stage:

Procurement Route

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Projects span from Stage 1 to Stage 6; the outcome of Stage 0 may be the decision to initiate a project and Stage 7 covers the ongoing use of the building.

If the outcome determines that a building is the best means of achieving the Client Requirements, the client proceeds to Stage 1

Core Tasks

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ER

Preferred bidder

Client Requirements

Project Brief

Project Brief Derogations

Signed off Stage Report

Manufacturing Information

Business Case

Feasibility Studies

Signed off Stage Report

Project Strategies

Construction Information

Site Information

Project Strategies

Final Specifications

Project Budget

Outline Specification

Updated Outline Specification

Project Programme

Cost Plan

Procurement Strategy Responsibility Matrix Information Requirements Core RIBA Plan of Work terms are defined in the RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview glossary and set in Bold Type.

Figure 2- RIBA Plan of Work sheet (2020)

Updated Cost Plan Planning Application

Residual Project Strategies Building Regulations Application

Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information Practical Completion certificate including Defects List

Feedback on Project Performance

Feedback from Post Occupancy Evaluation

Final Certificate

Updated Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information as necessary

Feedback from light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

Asset Information If Verified Construction Information is required, verification tasks must be defined

Further guidance and detailed stage descriptions are included in the RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview.

© RIBA 2020

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The RIBA Plan of Work (2020) states that through stages 3 (concept design) and 4 (spatial coordination) that the architects must review and compare the proposed design against the building regulations and frameworks to see if they do comply (Fig. 2). As one of the core project strategies is fire and life safety it’s important that this isn’t delayed or not reviewed thoroughly. Therefore an architecture office should deal with fire and life safety by assigning a responsible person to manage and overlook the fire safety aspects in the design in collaboration with the architect and other duty holders for the risks and precautions that need to be taken. In this way, the issue of accountability is resolved and the management throughout the construction process is clear to ensure that no poorly installed materials that similarly lead to the fall of Grenfell occur again. The role of the responsible person is to undertake a building risk assessment which is different to a fire risk assessment as it identifiers the risks posed to residents due to structural safety and should be done in reasonable time, they produce a safety case report that should be kept up to date that explains how they are meeting their duties and fulfilling the role assigned as well as how they have assessed that the building meets with the regulations and is safe to function. Once the report is completed, it is then submitted to the regulator to be assessed, if satisfactory a certificate marked with the name of the responsible person and the regulator is given to prove that permission has been given after thorough assessment for fire and life safety (Taylor, & Morrissey, 2022).

Climate Change The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) had urged the countries including the UK to address and mitigate their impact on the climate. In 1997, the international treaty known as the Kyoto protocol was signed by 192 parties with the aim of reducing the amount of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere. Therefore the importance for architectural education to teach and implement sustainability within the program is essential for future architects to mitigate the effects the built environment industry has through their designs. Modern agreements such as the Paris Agreement have led to climate change being addressed nationwide, the goal being to keep the mean rise in temperature below 2 degrees and keep the rise a minimum of 1.5 degrees (Bodansky et all, 2017). As the built environment contributes to 40 percent of the UKs carbon emissions it is essential that changes are made to the way buildings are constructed. The issues which are created by climate change are felt all around the world, with rising sea levels and global warming. Industries such as the built environment heavily impact the climate through their design and as RIBA themselves stated that by 2030 the climate challenge for architects is to create architecture that meets net zero whole life carbon or less. In this way architects begin to design around a building’s operational energy, embodied carbon, potable water use and health and wellbeing (RIBA, 2021).

The ways a design can become more eco friendly is through the use of passive systems such as the use of daylighting, renewable technologies, sustainable building materials and rainwater harvesting (Smith, 2006). These strategies can change a building’s carbon footprint drastically and through examples such as One Angel Square in Manchester (Fig. 3) which has received many awards for its outstanding performance and achievement of the ‘Outstanding’ award by BREEAM. The project was completed in 2012 for the client co-operative group, which targeted the architect company 3DReid to create a office building that was highly efficient through its use of energy, water, lighting and economical to run. The design features a double skinned facade, central atrium for better ventilation and concrete construction that provides heating and cooling. The management of waste and rainwater harvesting means that the building is able to reuse waste matter for composting in its gardens and irrigation for its water systems, as well as the occupants use of the building and the role of educating them on how to use the systems like heating to reduce energy costs falls onto the architectural team (Hickson-Smith, 2013). The climate change act made in 2008 was designed to make legal targets and the demands for more accountability to meet those targets, example of cutting 34 percent of greenhouse emissions by 2020. In the 2020 progress report a detailed plan was made to fully move to zero carbon and the climate change committee explains that pollutants have to fall by 80 percent by 2035 for the next goal for the UK (Annual Statement of Emissions for 2020, 2022).

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In the built environment industry, networks such as the ‘Architects Declare’ (2022) which is a group of firms which have dedicated their practices and designs to address the issue of climate change whilst promoting biophilic architecture (Hartman, 2020). If a firm decides to join the network projects such as extensions or renovations should be using sustainable materials and methods of construction, whilst new builds should be designed by architects to think of the whole building’s lifecycle. This means that buildings should not be built just for the present purpose as in the future uses change and buildings would need to be adaptable or demolished to make use of the reusable materials. Similarly, newly constructed and retrofitted domestic scale architecture should be designed with passive house performance systems in mind to meet and exceed the targets set by the legalisation and RIBA sustainability goals 2030 with metrics used by BREEAM and LEED used to measure what goals are met (Corner et all, 2018). However, it’s important that architects fully understand the goals and aims of BREEAM and not simply a ‘tick box’ list of what to do, the responsibility of the architect also means to go beyond the minimum.The RIBA values sustainability through the Plan of Work (2020) that states within the preparation and briefing stage sustainability outcome must be thought about before development in the design begins as well as continuous mandatory competence training for architects to understand sustainability. This means that a project must have clear goals in relation to what the project will achieve in regards to sustainability whether that means to reduce operational cost, create reusable structures and materials or to use the local workforce to reduce the carbon used for transport and boost the local economy and a plan for any waste management or designing for deconstruction. In this way architectural offices that work on both small and large scale projects should have sustainability goals and aims in mind to help reduce their impact on the climate crisis. It is also the architect’s role to draw importance to the issues of climate change and sustainability to the clients such as maintaining an ecological corridor, as it has become a trend for buildings to sell themselves as net zero carbon and sustainable leading to the client’s goal of a more successful, if the case, commercial building (Hackel & Hackel, 2019).

Ethical Practice The RIBA has designated that all its members have ethical practice as one of their four key mandatory competences. The list includes six ethical duties in their draft knowledge schedule which are duty to the wider world, duty to society and the end user, duty to those commissioning service, duty to those in the workplace, duty to the profession and duty to oneself (Ben-Dixon, 2021). In addition to the Architects Registration Board (ARB) code of conduct (2017) which states the various professional works that shouldn’t be breached or architects would face disciplinary actions. This means that within the industry and planning a range of dilemmas can occur and it is important that within architectural education students are taught what dilemmas may occur and for what reason as well as how to prevent and stop certain situations from occurring and how to deal with them.

Through the case study of AECOM firm which heavily emphasised that its projects are built for purpose and have strong community values. This idea of a large firm promoting inclusivity and diversity in opportunities for its employees helps. On large projects AECOM emphasises the transparency and accountable client interactions, this is done through meetings to help understand stakeholders goals and interests to avoid any misconduct from any party. AECOM embeds ethics into its training for employees, for architects in the company they are told to think big and dream whilst also maintaining the importance of safeguarding as buildings affect everyone’s lives who use them. On the other hand, Red Deer, which is a smaller firm, values their practice as working with the local community and encouraging collaborative ideas so that the designs they produce are successful. The idea of investing in people with plans of locally ethically sourced material which benefits both the client and community (Fig. 4) (Rowlands, 2017). It is seen that ethical practice is possible for any firm small or large, as the RIBA Plan of Work (2020) states that within the core tasks, inclusive design should be there as this doesn’t just mean for the occupiers of the space but also though the production of different disciplines to help create a better design.

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Figure 3- Section cut of One Angel Square showing all sustainable design choices

Figure 4- ARB Code of Conduct pages, (2017) Page. 5

Figure 5- Extraction pages from ‘Ethics in Architectural practice’, by Rowlands (2017) Page. 6

Previously architecture education has had a focus on image and expression and while this is important it’s also important to value ethical practice and accountability for the effects that their projects may bring both positive and negative (Raz, 2003). In legislation, architects deal with both planning regulations and building regulations, the need for these regulations is to manage both public and private interest as well as the protection of the general public (Speaight, 2010). It’s important for architects to understand these regulations as depending on the building type it can vary, for example renovation of a grade listed building would need extra approval from surveyor to be done being of its cultural value. The ethical dilemma here would be if work that needed to be done would alter the image, architects need to make a conscious choice on how to approach it (Ray, 2005). Similarly, it is an architect’s responsibility to contribute to the building’s brief as it would list out the requirements and the budget that would be needed in order to be constructed.

It’s important that the architectural office that is working on the projects understands the motivations of the stakeholders in order to create a design that is successful economically so they can in turn make a profit, however valuing both environmental, social and economic positives and negatives would be the main driving force behind any project. The role of the architect also means to alert and‘whistleblow’if something/someone was doing anything wrong that may lead to dangerous consequences down the line if left unresolved (The Architects Journal, 2012). This encourages good morals, behaviour and more attentiveness between architects and enforces stricter rules and punishments that may be a result of a breach in contract for workers.

Therefore, the RIBA would consider ethical practice to be a much needed part of the educational system of student so that they are aware of their role, as seen in Grenfell the accountability and need for a responsible person must be accounted for so that within the construction of a building nothing gets underdeveloped or poorly installed and then the question as who the blame falls on arises. Hyde (2012) explains in his book that architects play an incredibly important role that needs trust from the public and private sectors, the need for future architects to diversify and challenge the status quo and norms is needed. This is because architects don’t only design buildings but shape the society and lives of individuals in which they operate so it’s important that architecture is used as a tool that helps the marginalised groups in society.

Conclusion To conclude, the RIBA values these aspects because of their real life connection between architects, the clients and the environment as on a level each one can determine if a design can be successful long term. It is clear that from learning about the tragedy of Grenfell towers how fire and life safety is an important aspect in design that needs to be accounted for from the early stages in design. As well as with climate change, being that the buildings created have such an impact on both a local and global scale with the emissions, waste and carbon produced, it is important that architectural students are set out to meet and exceed the sustainability goals set by the UN and RIBA. ethical practice needs to be taught within the educational system as the expectations of an office environment should challenge students once they enter practice, thereby equipping them with the proper knowledge and understanding of the roles and responsibilities to not disregard any regulations or accountability. Thought the guidance of the plan of work each stage though a project should be followed by firms and the educational system of architecture should ready students to help create more projects that are created in a positive environment and have a positive effect, but also recognising their rights and responsibilities when they enter practice so they are able to protect themselves and others from misconduct. Therefore, the events that have occurred and will occur within the built environment industry will continue to and change shape legislation, it is the responsibility of the education system to understand and implement the knowledge needed by students to succeed in the field of architecture.

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Bibliography; Architects Declare page, 2022 https://www.architectsdeclare.com/resources#useful-links Architects Registration Board, Code of Conduct (2017) https://arb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Architects-Code-2017.pdf Annual Statement of Emissions for 2020. Reporting UK 2020 emissions to Parliament under the Climate Change Act 2008: 31/03/2022. (2022). Dandy Booksellers.

Ben-Dixon. A (2021) ‘The six duties of care underpinning the RIBA Ethical Practice competence’ https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/knowledge-landing-page/the-six-duties-of-care-underpinning-the-riba-ethical-practice-competence Bodansky, Brunnée, J., & Rajamani, L. (2017). International climate change law (First edition.). Oxford University Press.

“Building a Safer Future Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety: Final Report”, Hackitt (2018) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/707798/Building_a_Safer_Future_-_print.pdf Corner, Fillinger, J. C., & Kwok, A. G. (2018). Passive house details : solutions for high performance design.

Routledge.

Chan. (2016). Climate Contributions and the Paris Agreement: Fairness and Equity in a Bottom-Up Architecture. Ethics & International Affairs, 30(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000228 Government urges architects to blow whistle over procurement abuse. (2012). The Architects’ Journal.

Hattie Hartman. (2020). Architects Declare. The Architects’ Journal, 26–.

Hackel, & Hackel, A. (2019). Architecture, Ecology and Economy: Synergy or Contradiction? MATEC Web of Conferences, 280, 3001–. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928003001 Hickson-Smith. (2013). One Angel Square, Manchester: 3DReid. Architects’ Journal (London), 237(16), 56–.

Hodkinson. (2019). Safe as houses : private greed, political negligence and housing policy after Grenfell.

Manchester University Press.

Hyde, R. (2012). Future practice : Conversations from the edge of architecture. Taylor & Francis Group.

Mohamed, Edwards, D. J., Mateo-Garcia, M., Costin, G., & Thwala, W. D. D. (2020). An investigation into the construction industry’s view on fire prevention in high-rise buildings post Grenfell. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(3), 451–471. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-05-2019-0048 Peter Baker. (2021). What the building safety regulator means for you. Built Environment Journal.

Ray. (2005). Architecture and its ethical dilemmas. Taylor & Francis.

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Bibliography; Raz. (2003). A neglected and ambitious topic central to practice, education and research: Architecture and its ethical dilemmas. Arq (London, England), 7(3-4), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1359135503002185 RIBA Climate Challenge 2030, 2021 https://www.architecture.com/about/policy/climate-action/2030-climate-challenge RIBA Plan of Work, 2020 RIBA Plan of Work 2020https://www.architecture.com › Test-resources-page Rowlands. C, 2017 Ethics in Architectural Practice - Royal Institute of British ...https://www.architecture.com › gathercontent › et…

Sang, Dainty, A. R., & Ison, S. G. (2014). Gender in the UK architectural profession: (re)producing and challenging hegemonic masculinity. Work, Employment and Society, 28(2), 247–264. https://doi. org/10.1177/0950017013491306 Smith. (2006). Architecture in a climate of change: a guide to sustainable design. Architectural Press.

Speaight, A. (Ed.). (2010). Architect’s legal handbook : The law for architects. Taylor & Francis Group.

Speaight QC, & Thorne, M. (2021). Architect’s Legal Handbook: The Law for Architects. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429279546 Taylor, & Morrissey, C. (2022). The draft Building Safety Bill: What and who is a “building safety manager”?

What environment will they will be working within? Journal of Building Survey, Appraisal & Valuation, 10(4), 328–342.

Image Source List;

Cover page - Grenfell tower art, by Okri. B (2018) https://www.ft.com/content/44484824-6a44-11e8-b6eb-4acfcfb08c11 Figure 1- Hackitt report extractions displaying roles and responsibilities, (2018) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/707798/Building_a_Safer_Future_-_print.pdf Figure 2- RIBA Plan of Work sheet (2020) RIBA Plan of Work 2020https://www.architecture.com › Test-resources-page Figure 3- Section cut of One Angel Square showing sustainable design choices, image by 3DReid (2012) https://ongreening.com/en/Projects/one-angel-square-1181 Figure 4- ARB Code of Conduct pages, (2017) https://arb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Architects-Code-2017.pdf Figure 5- Extraction pages from ‘Ethics in Architectural practice’, by Rowlands (2017) Ethics in Architectural Practice - Royal Institute of British ...https://www.architecture.com › gathercontent › et…

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Section 2 (Personal Developement Plan)

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