Deseret Digest May 2024

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When a Trump rally feels like a tent revival

Keeping the Faith: Meet the D.C. law firm working to protect religious freedom

‘Unprecedented access’: Frequently viewed Taylorsville Utah Temple opens to public

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Keeping the faith Meet the D.C. law firm working to protect religious freedom

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4 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

POLITICS

When a Trump rally feels like a tent revival Religion and politics have mixed for a long time, but the present moment feels different

By Samuel Benson Deseret News

Misty Grace came for spiritual revival. As the music blared above, Grace raised both hands in the air, one palm open. The other clutched a small, wooden cross. She bowed her head and swayed side to side.

“I was led by the Holy Spirit to come here,” she told me.

“I came to intercede for Trump.”

By the time Grace arrived at the KI Convention Center in Green Bay on a recent Tuesday, all the seats had already been taken. Grace found a spot near the back. Never mind that this was a political rally, not a church, and that the songs booming from the speakers were Elvis and Johnny Cash, not hymns. Never mind that former President Donald Trump — the rally’s main attraction — had yet to make an appearance. To Grace, this was a form of worship.

Grace isn’t alone. At Trump rallies across the country, from Wisconsin to South Carolina to New Hampshire, some attendees come for a religious experience. Some feel empowered by the invocations, offered by a local pastor, at the beginning of the rallies. Others feel a rush of emotion when Trump takes the stage and speaks. Others still, like Grace, are newcomers — this was her first Trump rally — and feel guided to attend.

The rally-as-ritual phenomenon comes at a hinge point in the 2024 race, when some evangelical Christians are suddenly faced with a complication in their devotion to Trump.

In both 2016 and 2020, evangelicals flocked to Trump. But some have recently expressed increased skepticism about Trump’s stance on abortion.

Trump, who does not claim to be particularly religious, is widely viewed by Republicans to be a person of faith. At his rallies, some attendees follow suit, finding spiritual renewal in the large gatherings.

The Green Bay rally’s format, like many Trump events, seemed to lend itself to a numinous energy. Trump rallies are something of “a cross between a rock concert and a tent revival,” The New York Times’ Michael Bender wrote, featuring both raucous music as well as charismatic prayer.

In Green Bay, the music came first: a haphazard medley of classic rock, show tunes and Celine Dion. But the music went quiet when a pastor took the lectern.

“If you haven’t heard it today, let me be the first to tell you: God loves you,” Pastor Casey Carey, from CrossPoint Church in nearby De Pere, Wisconsin, said. The crowd clapped and cheered. “He has a plan for your life,” Pastor Carey continued. “He sees you and he cares about you.”

At other rallies, a more political tone dominated the prayers. In November in Fort Dodge, Iowa, a local pastor asked for strength for Trump as he faces his opponents “who are really in opposition to you, almighty God.” In Coralville, Iowa, in December, the pastor pled that God would help reelect Trump as president. In Las Vegas in January, the pastor said that God is “on the side of this movement.”

In Green Bay, the auditorium hushed as Pastor Carey bowed his head. Some people sat down and removed their hats; others stood, lifting their arms into the air. Carey prayed for “those who are on the other side of the aisle of my convictions,” asking that God would bless them. He asked that the country be “led back to a place of unity and peace.”

Laura Seitz, Deseret News

Misty Grace of Green Bay, Wis., who describes herself as a follower of Jesus Christ, prays during a rally for former President Donald Trump at the KI Convention Center in Green Bay, Wis., on Tuesday, April 2, 2024.

“This evening, I also ask you, Father, to bless President Donald Trump,” he continued. The room suddenly erupted with noise — clapping, cheering, shouts of “amen!” Pastor Carey raised his voice, pleading for protection and wisdom upon the former president. When Carey concluded, the crowd offered an “amen,” followed by a loud ovation.

The religious zeal that accompanies Trump’s celebrity — the vendors selling Trump-branded merchandise outside, the devout early-arrivers, the waves of unfettered loyalty — isn’t altogether new. American politics have, for decades, seen charismatic leaders who came to embody movements. Ronald Reagan’s ascent is often referred to as a “revolution.” Barack Obama, equipped with skilled oratory, led his own revival-style rallies where he promised hope and change. George W. Bush invoked his faith as part of his push for “compassionate conservatism.”

But the present moment feels different. American religiosity has declined precipitously since 2000. While 70% of Americans belonged to a church community then, less than 50% do now. While nearly 50% attended weekly worship services then, only 31% do now. Some have posited that the real decline isn’t in faith, but that we’ve become “religious without religion.” In decades past, Americans were “a religious people that engaged in politics,” Utah Gov. Spencer Cox once lamented. “Now, politics has become a religion for many people.”

Those traditional shows of political posturing within houses of worship continue. President Joe Biden makes fre-

quent appearances in churches, both as a worshipper and as a dignitary; in January, one such appearance became a partisan show, with congregants chanting “four more years.”

Trump’s churchgoing habit is more sporadic. Instead, he brings the church to his rallies, offering not only an ideological movement, but a tangible space for something akin to religious ritual. His events all follow, to some degree, the same pattern: His biggest fans arrive hours in anticipation, crowding sidewalks and flooding parking lots until the doors are opened. In Green Bay, some waited over four hours in snow and freezing rain to get inside. (One man, when offered $100 for his spot near the front of the line, pocketed the cash and beelined for his car. “I’d rather watch it on my warm couch!” he proclaimed.)

Once inside, the preprogram begins. Music blares for hours, interrupted only by short speeches by local lawmakers or celebrity guests. Some throw MAGA hats into the audience; others do their best Michael Buffer impersonation, psyching up the crowd. Heads bow for the prayer; heads lift for the national anthem.

And then suddenly, a familiar sound: the Village People’s “Y.M.C.A.,” a surefire hint that Trump is moments from emerging. People rise to their feet in unison. Some dance, making the letters with their arms. Most pull out their iPhones, turning their cameras to the stage.

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DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

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6 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024 The music fades, and a voice booms through the intercom. “Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the next president of the United States: President Donald J. Trump!” Lee Greenwood’s “God Bless the USA” blares. The prayer may have been the rally’s religious climax, but it only served as prelude to this one: the people react as if this moment, this emergence, is the real spiritual pinnacle. Trump steps onstage, waving, nodding, pointing. The audience screams.

One person, near the stage, bounces a baby overhead. People wave signs: TRUMP 2024; THE ROAD TO VICTORY; FIRE BIDEN. There is a buoyant, exultant feel.

There is an acknowledgement, even among Trump’s most devout disciples, that he isn’t deity. “Trump’s not the Messiah,” Grace Riedinger, a retiree from the Green Bay area, told me. But that doesn’t mean they don’t view him as devoid of God’s guidance. “I think it was a spiritual experience the day Trump walked into view,” Mike Don Marcel said. “I think God sent him to do this job. A lot of the things that he’s had to take over the seven years — the constant attacks — he could not do that without God’s help.” (Trump faces 91 felony charges; next week, Trump will become the first U.S. president to ever face a criminal trial.) Misty Grace said she views Trump as David or Cyrus: an imperfect human who works as a tool in God’s hands. “The first time around, he was more Cyrus,” she explained. “But this time, with all the drama going on ... he’s come closer to the Lord.” He’s now more like David, she surmised.

The jubilation of the modern David’s arrival lasts for some time. Chants of “USA” interrupt Trump as he attempts to speak. The crowd is fairly involved with his speech, clapping when needed, laughing when needed, booing when Biden or Democrats or the border are mentioned. Lisa Lampl, from South Milwaukee, told me Trump “brings tears to my eyes every time” she hears him speak. This was her third rally.

“When Donald Trump speaks, it’s like, right to the heart,”

during Holy Week. On the previous Tuesday, just seven days before the Green Bay rally, Trump appeared in an ad for a custom edition of the Bible, complete with a printed copy of the U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence and handwritten lyrics to Greenwood’s “God Bless the USA.” It was advertised as “the only Bible endorsed by President Trump”; Trump received a cut of sales for the use of his name, image and likeness.

Not one rally attendee told me they had an issue with Trump profiting off of God’s word. “Well, he’s got to pay for his rallies,” Riedinger told me. “The other side is taking him to court all the time. He’s got to pay for that somehow.”

Biden, however, was deemed a heretic for proclaiming Easter Sunday as a day for transgender visibility, as had been done on March 31 in prior years. Trump, pitching himself to the crowd as the defender of Christians, pitted himself between Biden and his followers. “November 5 will be called something else,” Trump said. “Christian Visibility Day!” The crowd erupted with cheers, perhaps louder even than when Trump arrived at the venue. Likely so, as the hundreds of people lined up outside when Trump began speaking were still filing in, and few people had turned for the exits — save one woman who, shortly before Trump took the podium, collapsed to the floor, unconscious. She quickly came to, but not before a medic hovered over her and instructed her to lay still. As she was lifted onto a stretcher, she could be heard mumbling, “Please don’t make me leave! Let me stay!”

But as Trump’s speech wore on — 30 minutes of teleprompter-guided rambling, then 45 minutes, then nearing an hour — people began heading for the doors. The temperature outside was nearing freezing, and the snowstorm was only worsening. Better to beat the crowds and avoid the messy roads, they figured. Besides, they said, they already knew how this will end. “God wants Trump to win,” Grace told me. “Hands down.”

Laura Seitz, Deseret News

People attend former President Donald Trump's Election Day campaign rally at the KI Convention Center in Green Bay, Wis., on Tuesday, April 2, 2024.

she said. “It’s like my whole head is opened up and taking in everything he says, and I’m seeing from the inside the way it should be. It’s God’s honest truth.”

Trump spends most of his time discussing immigration.

But his biggest zingers — the most impassioned boos and cheers — came when he honed in on the intersection of faith and politics, on the culture war. “What the hell was Biden thinking when he declared Easter Sunday to be Trans Visibility Day?” (Boos.) “Such total disrespect to Christians.” (Louder boos.)

Trump may not be openly religious, but moments like these are what make him a “person of faith,” Republicans believe. When a Deseret/HarrisX poll asked Republicans why they overwhelmingly view Trump as a person of faith, the most common response was “he defends people of faith in the U.S.” But Trump himself was not free of controversy

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DESERET MAGAZINE

Keeping the faith Meet the D.C. law firm working to protect religious freedom

Ian Sullivan for the Deseret News

By Mariya Manzhos Deseret Magazine

In September 2020, Vanessa Nosie strapped her fourday-old daughter Shá'yú in a car seat and told her husband to drive west, straight from the hospital in Globe, Arizona, where she had just given birth. They drove to Chi’chil Biłdagoteel, or Oak Flat, the Apache sacred land, where Vanessa prayed, picked acorn and sumac berries with her grandmother, and held ceremonies for women in her family. There, she pressed Shá'yú's tiny bare feet to the ground, her first encounter with Oak Flat. One day, Vanessa hoped, Shá'yú too would have her sunrise dance at Oak Flat, a coming-of-age ceremony inseparable from this land.

The urgency behind Shá'yú's road trip was fueled by the threat of a mining project by Resolution Copper, a subsidiary of two international mining giants, Rio Tinto and BHP, that would shut down access to the land and begin turning Oak Flat into a 1,100-feet-deep and two-mile-wide crater, if the project moved forward. What if her daughter missed her chance? “Our direct connection to God is here, it’s where we listen to the Creator,” Vanessa told me. “Oak Flat is crucial for our survival.”

On a chilly Friday night in January, Vanessa fetched a handful of sticky dough out of a bucket, dipped it in flour, and massaged the mass into a smooth ball. Vanessa’s family — kids, parents, sisters and a few activists — huddled around the fire at the Oak Flat campground, which has become a kind of headquarters for the Apache Stronghold, a group of San Carlos Apaches that coalesced to fight the government to preserve their land. Vanessa’s father and the

group’s spiritual leader, Wendsler Nosie Sr., who now lives at Oak Flat in a trailer, has described the land as a Mount Sinai of the Apache people — a place of spiritual rootedness that’s core to being an Apache. I was among a dozen visitors who joined the Apache Stronghold members for the weekend, because I wanted to better understand the significance of Oak Flat for the Apache religion.

A part of Tonto National Forest, Oak Flat has been under threat since 2014, when Arizona Republican Sens. John McCain and Jeff Flake added a late-night “rider” onto a must-pass defense bill, which authorized the government to transfer 2,400 acres of land to Resolution Copper, in exchange for other valuable parcels. But the years of legal battles over Oak Flat ramped up in 2021, after the outgoing Trump administration published the environmental impact statement, revealing troubling effects of the mining project: dewatering, burial damage, over 1 billion tons of toxic waste. The Apache Stronghold filed a lawsuit to stop the land transfer, but the district court struck it down.

Luke Goodrich, a tall and slender-framed attorney from the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty and one of the country’s leading religious liberty litigators, took on the case. To learn about Oak Flat, Goodrich, a devout Christian, camped with the Nosie family, joined them for a Sunrise ceremony, and wandered the craggy landscape, thinking about the case. He filed an emergency brief to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, but the three-judge panel ruled against preserving Oak Flat, claiming the land transfer did not constitute “substantial burden” on the Apache religion, the first step under the Religious Freedom of Restoration Act, or RFRA. Five months later, the court agreed to rehear the case before a full 11-judge panel.

A public interest law firm in Washington, D.C., of about 20 attorneys, which now goes by Becket to avoid confusion that they offer funding, has defended religious freedoms of Catholics, evangelicals, Muslims, Sikhs, Jews and Native Americans — all free of charge — for over 30 years, marked by a string of significant Supreme Court wins. With the Apache case, Becket faced an uphill battle: The case lacked favorable precedent, the government argued, and the group had no right to the federal land.

In March 2023, Goodrich stood before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals judges, arguing that the complete obliteration of Oak Flat would “substantially burden” the practice of the Western Apaches’ faith, a right that RFRA protects.

Goodrich started his argument with what appeared to be the point of agreement. “Both parties agree that if the United States government put up no trespassing signs and threatened the Apaches with fines for accessing Oak Flat, that would be a substantial burden,” he told the judges. “Here the government … is not just threatening fines but authorizing complete physical destruction of Oak Flat, barring the Apaches from ever accessing it again and ending their core religious exercises forever.” For about an hour and a half, the judges grilled the two sides about their interpretations of “substantial burden.”

At the campground, Wendsler Nosie stepped toward the tables with food and whispered a blessing on the meal: fry bread and acorn soup, made from the acorns picked from the Emory Oak tree hanging over the campsite. Vanessa and her family were anxious about the court decision. Shá'yú, now a boisterous three-year-old with two braids, wrapped herself around her mom’s leg. “Shá'yú is either going to be able to pick up the fight,” Vanessa said, “or she’ll only know the idea of what it is to be Apache.”

“The bigger fight here is if my religion is at stake, so is everybody else’s.”

For Goodrich and other attorneys at Becket, the freedom to exercise your religion is only partly about belief in God — at the core, it’s about who we are as human beings. “We’re born with the conscience that tells us right and wrong when we’re seeking truth and the only way we can act on that conscience genuinely is when we’re able to act on it freely,” said Goodrich, who is also the author of “Free to Believe: The Battle Over Religious Liberty in America.” “So when the government stops you from acting in accordance with your conscience, and it doesn’t have a justification for doing that, it’s violating who you are as a human being.” Goodrich’s commitment for religious freedom grew out of his personal Christian faith. After graduating from the University of Chicago Law School, he got a job working for Michael McConnell, then a 10th Circuit Court judge and one of the nation’s

DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024 leading scholars on religious freedom, who had an office in Salt Lake City. “With the legal skills I’d been equipped with, I thought that I might be able to make a difference in the world,” said Goodrich, who joined Becket 16 years ago and now lives in Florida with his wife and eight children.

Since its founding, Becket has won nearly 85 percent of its cases, including eight Supreme Court victories in the past 12 years and over a dozen wins in appellate and trial courts.

High-profile victories in defending the right of Hobby Lobby and Little Sisters of the Poor to opt out of contraception coverage mandates under the Affordable Care Act have thrust Becket onto the national legal landscape and, in turn, the media firestorm that followed. In the aftermath of Hobby Lobby, the critics claimed that the exemptions for religious beliefs of company owners shouldn’t trample the rights of the employees. But Becket attorneys believe that individual religious freedom extends into the public sphere and should be accommodated as long as the other side can accomplish their goal through other means. “I think sometimes people fail to understand that your faith is not just what you do in a house of worship,” said Lori Windham, vice president and senior counsel, who’s been with Becket since 2005, back when the firm had only a handful of attorneys. “Protecting religious freedom means protecting people’s ability to go out in public and say what they believe and act on it.”

This ability to live one’s faith in public has become more challenging amid the overall decline of religious commitment in the country. According to Pew Research Center, Christians believe that life in the U.S. has gotten harder for people of strong religious faith. This tension is the backdrop for why religious freedom initiatives have been criticized as a mere political tool and a smokescreen for Christian conservatives to preserve discriminatory practices against minority groups.

But Becket, a small nonprofit law firm in the heart of D.C., has been expanding the way that Americans view religious liberty and shaping the law that will influence legal decisions for years to come.

Even though Becket’s Christian cases have made headlines, the firm’s work spans a gamut of faiths: a Muslim inmate who was denied the right to grow a half-inch religious beard, a Jewish university in a clash with an LGBTQ student group, a fight on behalf of the Sikhs in the military to keep their religious beard and wear a turban during training.

Becket even defended a Texas priest who wanted to sacrifice animals in his garage to comply with his Santeria faith, an Afro Caribbean religion.

The attorneys tell me they’re not interested in culture wars or partisan shouting matches: The group is committed to defending free exercise of religion for all faiths by winning precedent-making cases that have the potential to shape robust religious freedom laws. “We’re doing a sophisticated, long-term game of trying to get the law right in this country,” said Mark Rienzi, Becket’s president and CEO. “I want our country to be in a place where our people and our institutions recognize and are OK with the fact that disagreement is a consequence of freedom and it’s OK for us to disagree about important things.”

In 1992, Kevin “Seamus” Hasson burned fervently with this conviction. Irish Catholic with a gentle demeanor and deadpan sense of humor, Hasson had been working at a D.C. law firm, but harbored a dream since law school to start a law firm dedicated to religious liberty. After visiting St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, he walked to a pay phone across the street and called his wife, Mary, back home in the United States.

“Sweetheart, I just decided what we’re going to do,” Hasson recounted in a speech in 2015. “I’m supposed to start a public interest law firm that defends all believers for free.”

Hasson described himself as “the kid in the gospels with five loaves and two fishes,” who did what needed to be done.

“Religious liberty was facing a grave threat … and I had something I could do about it,” I thought, “and I knew some peo-

9

Mike Blake

Apache stronghold, a group of San Carlos Apaches, have coalesced to fight the government to preserve their sacred land.

ple who could help,” Hasson said at the Becket gala in 2012, where he was awarded Becket’s annual Canterbury Medal (he stepped down from Becket in 2011 due to Parkinson’s disease). He named the firm after the archbishop of England Thomas Becket, who was martyred for refusing to allow King Henry II to interfere with the church. Hasson rented a small office in Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., with the door that banged against his desk when you opened it. Then he began hiring cream-of-the-crop lawyers, who combined topnotch legal training with passion for religious liberty.

The firm entered a new chapter when William Mumma, a Wall Street businessman, stepped in as a full-time volunteer CEO in 2011. “Some people say that Seamus was our George Washington and Bill Mumma was our Alexander Hamilton,” said Eric Baxter, vice president and senior counsel at Becket. Baxter described to me a goosebump-inducing Becket fundraiser he attended at the Four Seasons Hotel in Georgetown in 2010 with a gospel choir emerging from the back, and speeches by Robert George, an American legal scholar who teaches at Princeton, and Mary Ann Glendon, a Catholic religious freedom advocate. Baxter, who was working at now-ArentFox Schiff, a white-shoe law firm with about 680 lawyers today, got fired up about Becket’s mission. He started helping out with the firm’s amicus briefs — he drafted one on a religious homeless shelter that provided rehabilitation services to people trying to reintegrate into society after prison, and took a job at Becket in 2011.

Baxter recalled the new continuity and business acumen Mumma brought to Becket. “We moved from a kind of a little bit of an obscure, but powerful shop to a more public presence with even more ability to influence both the culture and the law.”

On a gray wall in Becket’s office in D.C.’s Foggy Bottom area hangs a painting of Thomas Becket, his hand reaching upward toward an angel as the king’s knight is puncturing

his stomach with a sword. The office interior is accented with blue, gold and white; colors of the Blessed Virgin Mother Mary that Hasson had chosen for the office. In a series of black-and-white pictures in the conference room, Hasson poses with the Dalai Lama, Elie Wiesel and Pope John Paul.

Another wall is lined with court sketches from each one of Becket’s Supreme Court victories.

The firm is small by design and is selective about the cases that it takes on — typically appellate-level and trial-court cases with potential to make a significant mark in the courts.

“We’re not trying to catch every religious liberty case that’s out there,” said Windham. “We want to go in and bring the cases that are going to have a big impact and move the law in a good direction.”

To help the judges see how crucial Oak Flat was to the Apache, Goodrich drove home the point that seemed to him a no-brainer: A complete destruction of Oak Flat would most definitely inflict substantial burden on the Apache religion. “Oak Flat is the center of core religious practices that can’t be relocated,” Goodrich told the press after the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals hearing in California. On his chest, he wore a yellow Native American medicine pouch. But the government claimed that under previous cases Navajo Nation v. U.S. Forest Service and Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, the destruction of Oak Flat didn’t fit within RFRA’s narrow definitions of “substantial burden” on religious exercise, which those cases defined as penalties or missed government benefits.

If a mine threatened a Christian cathedral, the government would most certainly halt the destruction, Goodrich told the crowd. “But this is a very unfortunate aspect of our nation’s history, that the government has repeatedly destroyed CONTINUES ON PG. 10

10 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024 Apache lives and lands particularly for the sake of mining interests. We think that history should not repeat itself.”

Josh McDaniel from Harvard Law School’s Religious Freedom Clinic, which had filed an amicus brief in support of the Apache Stronghold case, said that Becket’s work is important for advancing a more expansive interpretation of RFRA that also includes minority groups, like the Apache. “Becket has helped to give a voice to the Apache people in the fight for a more robust interpretation of RFRA that would extend a lot of protection to a religious group that does not have … the mainstream conception of a church,” said McDaniel.

Becket has helped shape Harvard’s clinic, as well as others within other top law schools like Stanford, Yale and Notre Dame.

Becket began its work at a time of wide bipartisan support for RFRA, which was signed into law in 1993, aiming to reverse the Smith case, in which two native Americans were fired and denied unemployment benefits after ingesting peyote at a religious ceremony. But with the growing polarization along gender-identity issues and abortion laws, support for religious liberty has been receding. In a report for the Center for American Progress, Emily London and Maggie Siddiqi wrote that “religious liberty has increasingly been exploited and misused in order to favor the interests of select, privileged conservative Protestant Christians over the basic rights of the most vulnerable Americans.” In April 2023, House and Senate civil rights leaders reintroduced the Do No Harm Act, arguing that it would restore RFRA to its original purpose of protecting religious exercise without eroding civil rights protections.

Rienzi tells me he doesn’t discount the pain that comes with disagreement around the deeply held beliefs and values.

“But we shouldn’t consider it an affront that our neighbor has a different belief about something really important, whether it’s God, or sex or politics,” he told me. “This is what it means to be free that my neighbor is allowed to think that.”

In an effort to create safeguards for religious freedom protections on a state level, 23 states — most recently West Virginia and North Dakota — have codified the federal Re-

Molly Riley, Associated Press

Resolution Mining Company spokesman Tyson Nansel shows the locations of the proposed new mining site and Oak Flat Campground, in Miami, Arizona.

the author of “Religious Liberty in a Polarized Age.” “If religious freedom is going to be meaningful, it should only be limited when the harms are serious and unavoidable,” Berg said. “And often there are ways to accommodate and protect freedoms while minimizing the effects on others.”

The research conducted by Becket this year shows that maybe the idea of religious liberty is not as controversial as it’s purported to be. In Becket’s Index report published in January, 62 percent of participants said they agree with the current protections safeguarded by RFRA — 12 percent thought that RFRA went too far. “I think that the live and let

“Protecting religious freedom means protecting people’s ability to go out in public and say what they believe and act on it.” ligious Freedom Restoration Act into state law. In the debate over clashing rights and the government’s attempts to uphold equal rights and defend religious liberty, Becket is trying to “level the playing field in court,” as their website says, for people of religious belief.

People on both sides of the aisle take issue with religious freedom when it doesn’t align with their worldview, Goodrich explained. “Folks of a more progressive political orientation often view religious freedom as a threat to other things they value, like often it’s LGBTQ rights or abortion rights,” he said. “Those who are more conservative leaning might be quick to claim religious liberty for Hobby Lobby and Little Sisters of the Poor, but aren’t always standing up the way they should for the Apaches.”

Thomas Berg, professor at the School of Law at the University of St. Thomas, told me that Becket uniquely positions itself within a polarizing landscape. “Some of the other nonprofit organizations besides Becket tend to be on one side of the culture wars or the other,” Berg told me. He is

live idea is actually alive and well in America,” Rienzi said.

“It gets drowned out by the screechiest yellers.” To build up strong religious freedom laws, it’s important that people have the correct perception that religious liberty is for everyone, Berg said. “And Becket’s record in protecting non-Christian and non-conservative faiths … is really strong,” he said.

Rienzi sees the pushback Becket receives as an avenue for strengthening the legal foundation for religious freedom. “It actually creates good opportunities for what we do — which is making good law,” Rienzi said. Winning consistently and “strongly enough” is a path to an endgame, he said, where religious freedom is so entwined in our society’s fabric that Becket has no cases to take on. “In a very polarized time, I think religious liberty can actually lead us a little bit to how to live in peace despite all the disagreements,” Rienzi said.

On a recent morning, Vanessa and her father, Wendsler Nosie, led a group made up of the Nosie family, Christian supporters and activists on a hike to Apache Leap, a part of Oak Flat, where, in the 1880s, a group of Apache war-

riors chose to jump to their death instead of surrendering to the U.S. cavalry. For the Apache, the hike is a spiritual communion with the rich terrain of the sacred land. Along a steep, bouldery path up the mountain, flower stalks of yucca plants, sacred in Apache faith, shoot up in the air. Some are beaten to the ground, scorched by the wildfires. A group of men sang Apache spiritual songs, the thunder of their water drums echoing through the valley.

Wendsler Nosie, a former chairman of the San Carlos Apache Tribe of the Apache Stronghold, has worked with a lot of attorneys. Goodrich’s approach was different, he told me by the campfire at Oak Flat. “Luke told me, ‘Don’t worry, Wendsler, you will lead the fight,’” Wendsler explained. “He puts me on the witness stand and that’s a big difference.” Goodrich acknowledges that Becket has only joined the latest chapter in the fight for Oak Flat that spans centuries. “There is a whole history of trauma that the government has inflicted here. You can’t really understand the latest chapter if you’re not familiar with the first seven-eighths of the book.”

Having an attorney who shares her most personal and important beliefs has been important to Kitty Burke, who along with her husband, Mike, were denied a foster child by the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families because of concerns about their views on traditional marriage and how they may impact their child should they come out as gay. “Getting a phone call saying, ‘Oh nope, you guys are no good, we don’t want you’ was shocking,” said Burke.

She got a tip to turn to Becket and has been working with Windham to make the case that they would be loving parents no matter what, especially amid Massachusetts’ severe foster care crisis. “To have a group like Becket in our corner who not only understand the legal side, but has been there to support us, has been absolutely priceless,” said Burke.

Baxter told me they take on clients “for life,” even after the representation is over, fostering a community of support.

At the peak of the Apache Leap, a vista speckled with shrubs opens up, blue hills on the horizon silhouetted against hazy grayish sky. The wind whooshed, as men and women kneeled and offered blessings to the sacred crosses symbolic of the connection between the Creator and Mother Earth positioned against a stone wall. “This is a holy place, this is CONTINUES ON PG. 12

DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

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12 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

Ty O'Neil, Associated Press

Soleil Davignon picks berries for her coming of age ceremony on Oak Flat Campground.

where our deities and angels live — this is what we were vacated from to not be here anymore, to destroy our religion,” Wendsler told the hikers. “But we made our way back.”

Resolution Copper, which would expand on the existing Magma Copper Mine, promises new jobs and clean energy from copper, but would also cause disastrous environmental harm, the Nosie family says. The mine will use the underground block cave mining method and would carry the pipelines with mine waste through nearly 20 miles of rugged territory to the pristine Dripping Springs Valley. The mine would also significantly deplete groundwater ecosystems from the surrounding area and destroy native species. But Rio Tinto has vowed to minimize environmental effects and closely monitor water usage.

“The information collected and the two-way dialogue with Native American tribes and communities has significantly reshaped the project,” according to a statement from Rio Tinto, Resolution Copper’s parent company. “Resolution Copper has agreed to forego portions of the ore body and major facilities have been completely relocated to avoid dozens of areas of cultural significance and hundreds of ancestral sites, medicinal plants, seeps and springs.” The company said it would preserve Apache Leap and the Oak Flat campground, which “will remain open and accessible for decades and may never be impacted,” according to the statement. As required by law, Resolution Copper said it will closely monitor groundwater and surface water usage and promises to recycle 70 percent of water used by the mine.

But to the Apaches, the mine would change Oak Flat forever, impacting their spiritual practices and their way of life.

Vanessa’s oldest daughter, Naelyn Pike, told me taking away the Apache roots and the spiritual connection to the land is a kind of killing of her people. “It’s a reminder that our religion as Native People is not seen by the government,” she said. “They’ll have to be accountable to our people for everything they did to us in the past.”

On March 1, a divided 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled 6-5 to allow the federal land transfer that will let Resolution Copper begin construction.

In the decision, the majority didn’t dispute that the mine will prevent the Apaches from exercising an essential part of their religion. But relying on past cases involving Native American land, the court ruled that preventing religious exercise on federal land like Oak Flat didn’t fall under the legal definition of substantial burden.

“It’s certainly disappointing when the court fails to protect religious liberty and fails to give Native Americans the same protection

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that everybody else has,” Goodrich said. “This ruling carves out an exception from the broad principle of religious freedom and from the Religious Freedom Restoration Act that specifically disadvantages Native Americans when they seek to exercise their religion on what is now federal land.”

The dissenting five judges wrote that the majority “tragically errs” in rejecting the protection of the Apaches and “categorically preventing the Western Apaches from ever again communing with Usen (the Creator) and the Ga’an (a sacred mountain spirit), the very foundation of the Apache religion.” The question of whether the obliteration of the site would inflict substantial burden on the religious exercise of the Western Apaches is straightforward. “Under any ordinary understanding of the English language, the answer must be yes,” Chief Judge Mary Murguia wrote in her dissent.

Vanessa, who works as an archeology aide for the San Carlos Apache tribe, was in Flagstaff, Arizona, for a meeting with the National Park Service on March 1. After the meeting, she got a call from Wendsler about the ruling. “When we heard the outcome, it was disappointing — there was a moment where I wanted to cry,” she told me. She thought about her kids. “What does the future hold for them?” she said. Her older daughters have picked up the fight, but would Shá'yú even remember her time at Oak Flat when she’s older? “To exclude us from our religious rights — that doesn’t make sense, why are we any different?”

But the fight doesn’t stop with the recent ruling, Vanessa said, and that brings her hope. Goodrich and the Nosie family plans to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court and he believes the court will take the case. “The Supreme Court has a strong track record of protecting religious freedom for people of other faiths,” Goodrich said, “and we fully expect the court to uphold that same freedom for Native Americans.” After all, it’s not just about the Apache religion and Oak Flat. “The bigger fight here is that if my religion is at stake,” Vanessa said, “so is everybody else’s.”

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14 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

POLITICS

Did political shaming shape who got the COVID vaccine?

A new poll shows most consider vaccines safe, but fewer than half of Republicans think so more likely to have a relationship with a health care provider who could answer questions.

Those who were used to getting flu shots were also probably more apt to be comfortable being vaccinated for COVID-19.

But all the experts consulted for this story believe partisan politics made a difference, too.

Public shaming

Folks who questioned the efficacy of vaccines or asked questions about public health pronouncements were sometimes shouted down. And they, in turn, often belittled others who held a different view.

The problem with shaming, according to Han Kim, a public health professor at Westminster College in Salt Lake City, is it’s a tool “that never worked in public health. It might have short-term benefits, but long term, it can cause a serious breakdown in trust toward not only public health, but toward each other.”

Disrespect and disdain for open dialogue came from multiple directions, not all political, Kim said. Public health experts shut down people who questioned what health officials saw as science and authority. Politicians used shaming to drive partisan wedges. And lots of folks simply disagreed with each other, each convinced the other was wrong.

“I probably participated in this as much as anybody else,” Kim admitted in a recent phone call. “That, I regret deeply.

I think that’s going to be something that we’re going to live with for a while, because overall trust, not only in vaccines, but in public health, has declined dramatically I think.”

He said public health isn’t effective without trust in the institutions, and in COVID-19, some trust was breached.

Alex Cochran, Deseret News

By Lois M. Collins Deseret News

While most people believe COVID-19 vaccines are safe and their side effects are now clear, a new HarrisX poll conducted for the Deseret News finds a big partisan difference in how people view COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness.

That finding is part of a larger tale about the divides that marked much of the public reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges it posed, particularly in the early days when many people were dying, schools and businesses were closing, jobs were vanishing and public health officials sometimes contradicted not just each other, but even themselves.

While overall 59% of those polled are confident the vaccines are safe and their side effects now known, only 44% of Republicans agree, compared to 78% of Democrats and 53% of independents. The other 56% of Republicans and 22% of Democrats say COVID-19 vaccines are not safe and they may have side effects that haven’t been revealed.

The survey was fielded March 25-26 by HarrisX and included 1,010 registered U.S. voters. The margin of error is plus or minus 3.1 percentage points.

Public health experts believe confusing messaging built distrust early in the pandemic as the unfamiliar illness was ripping through communities, often with lethal results. And some think public shaming — attacking those with whom you disagreed or who questioned mandates like the orders to get a vaccine or else, including if you already had COVID-19 — played an oversize role that locked people into largely intractable positions.

Dr. Paul Offit, a pediatrician who directs the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital in Philadelphia and is a voting member of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, thinks how closely — or whether — people followed public health vaccine advice has largely hinged on whether individuals had much interaction with a doctor or the health care system.

“People who got the vaccine as a general rule were people who were informed about it,” said Offit, who noted many people don’t have a lot of interaction with health care providers.

Dr. Leisha Nolen, state epidemiologist in the Utah Department of Health and Human Services, said age also played a role. Older people who were hit hardest in terms of severe COVID-19 were at greater risk of death, and more of them were willing to get vaccines.

Offit said because of Medicare, older Americans were also

A messy public message

Kim said people often expect public health to know all about diseases. “But when something new like this comes along, we’re trying to figure things out. I think we did an extraordinary job of figuring things out in a very short amount of time with COVID-19. The development of vaccines so fast is a perfect example. At the same time, any sort of mixed message definitely breaks down that institutional trust. And unfortunately, our messaging system was not very robust during COVID.” He points to officials saying masks don’t work, then reversing and mandating them, as one example.

It’s not a challenge unique to COVID-19. Medical advice changes often as more is learned about diseases. But in a pandemic, with the stakes high and lives on the line, reversals create doubt.

“Politics had a big effect,” said Offit, noting that while that has long been part of vaccine discussion, COVID-19 raised the pitch. “What’s always been there, just never to this extent, is the notion of individual freedoms, personal bodily autonomy, individual rights. ‘I don’t want the government telling me what to do.’” There was “enormous political pushback” to vaccine mandates.

The mandates were the right thing to do in a public health crisis unfolding in real time, hospitals overrun to the point that nonemergency surgeries were canceled and people

DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024 were “12 times more likely to be hospitalized or die in 2021 if you weren’t vaccinated than if you were,” Offit said. “By 2022, it dropped to six times more likely because there was more natural protection out there,” including natural immunity. “Look at it from a doctor’s point of view: Here you are, working double shifts, all hands on deck. People come into the hospital with an option to get a vaccine, which is free and don’t — yet they’re perfectly willing to avail themselves of the hospital service, the treatment part but not the preventive part.”

A mandate should not have been needed, Offit added, but he acknowledges “those mandates were tough. People were fired from their jobs.”

Nolen, Utah’s state epidemiologist, said contradictory public messaging didn’t help.

“I think there were a lot of things that impacted if people got vaccines — and a lot of voices telling them different things,” she told the Deseret News. “It was really unfortunate we got such confusing messaging from different leaders, different organizations, different community groups. I think it made it hard for people to know who to trust and who to lean to when they were making those choices for themselves and their families.”

Utah’s version of the national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey showed political philosophy had at least some influence on who took the vaccine or planned to, she said. “In public health, we really don’t want that. We want to do what’s right for everybody” without “political sway to it.”

Nolen and Kim both believe that public health experts learned from COVID-19 that how a message is presented really matters. Officials had figured people would follow their advice.

Instead, they learned that public health needs to work with different communities “to make sure we talk in a way that resonates with them, that highlights their values. And

we all have different values,” said Nolen. “We all have different risks and to tell someone to just do this because of the science of it isn’t going to work. Hopefully, public health has learned through this pandemic that we need to think more actively about how we’re talking about things to whatever population we’re talking to.”

Another challenge is how the public health system works, Kim said. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is set up to provide information, but much power rests with state and local health departments, so sometimes messages are very mixed.

The good news, according to Nolen, is that COVID-19 has been around a while, knowledge has grown and those giving the public message are more clear about the disease’s mechanics and what people should know.

Kim agrees. “We learn more from our mistakes than from our successes,” he said. “I wish everyone had more patience and understood science and, again, didn’t think so black and white, but it seems to be the environment we live in.”

What about natural immunity?

Offit differed with many of his peers on the question of natural immunity for COVID-19. He voted not to mandate vaccines for people who’d recently had COVID-19 infection.

He was outvoted.

“It’s certainly true that if you’ve been naturally infected, you’re going to be protected against at least severe disease.

Vaccinated or naturally infected or both, you develop an antibody response against at least mild disease for about three to six months. You also develop memory cells: memory B cells which make antibodies and memory T cells which can kill a virus and are much longer lived,” he said.

CONTINUES ON PG. 16

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“The question then is how much longer lived. A year?

Two? 10? I think we’ll find out.” Offit said he had three doses of vaccine, the last in November 2021 and had COVID-19 once. He has no health problems, so he figures he has plenty of memory T cells to protect him from severe disease. “I don’t know how long, but we’ll see.”

Experts have long told the Deseret News that not knowing who had COVID-19 unless it was lab confirmed or how long natural immunity lasts drove vaccine mandates. Most people who got sick dealt with it at home without lab confirmation.

Kim sees another issue: “One could argue natural immunity’s better than vaccine-induced immunity, other than the fact that you actually have to get the disease, which is never a good thing. I would prefer a vaccine than to actually get the disease.”

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In the poll, more men view the vaccine as safe, the side effects known, compared to women, 62% versus 56%.

The survey also found age differences. The vast majority of people 65 and older view the vaccines as safe (71%). That’s true for 54% of those ages 18-34, 52% of those 35-49 and 59% of those 50-64.

Hispanics in smaller shares are convinced the vaccines are safe and side effects known at 52% compared to both whites and Blacks, which each come in around 60%.

More than two-thirds of those with a fouryear college degree or more believe the vaccines are safe, compared to 54% of those with less education.

By income, there’s more doubt among people with household incomes below $75,000

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Is the vaccine safe?

About one-third overall got a booster in the past six months.

The survey found 3 of 10 Democrats have had at least four COVID-19 shots, compared to 1 in 4 Independents and 1 in 7 Republicans.

How much of the uptake is really about politics or ideology? Experts admit they’re still not sure, since other factors also made a difference Who got a vaccine?

Nolen said that most public health experts, herself inThe survey found big differences in uptake of vaccines, cluded, expect COVID-19 to move to “the flu model,” with a sometimes based on politics, but more commonly on age. seasonal vaccine to protect folks. That depends, of course, The youngest cohort, 18-34, is more likely to say they’re unon whether there are drastic mutations to the virus that vaccinated (29%) than those 65 and older (12%). Overall, make it more dangerous again.

28% of Republicans say they are not vaccinated, comparable “I think if things continue where it’s a slower mutation to 26% of independents, but a far cry from 12% of Demowith nothing dramatic, it will be a yearly dose that will be crats. More women (24%) than men (29%) say they have updated for the most recent viruses,” she said. “If we have a never had a COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, 28% have never big, dramatic change, we might need to get another booster Our Business is Dentistry, our to Legacy is You been vaccinated. that’s going to be specific that really dramatic version.”

(57% say safe) compared to those with higher incomes (62% say safe).

Southerners are more skeptical than other regions of the country. They’re divided about 50-50, compared to those in the West (67% say safe), Northeast (64%) and Midwest (60%).

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18 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

CHURCH NEWS

‘Unprecedented access’: Frequently viewed Taylorsville Utah Temple opens to public Church leaders testify of temples and covenants during media day tours at Taylorsville Utah Temple as open house is underway

Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News

The Taylorsville Utah Temple in Taylorsville, Utah, on Tuesday, April 9, 2024.

By Christine Rappleye and David Schneider Church News

TAYLORSVILLE, Utah — As Sister Tracy Y. Browning drives to downtown Salt Lake City daily, she passes by the Taylorsville Utah Temple, off Interstate 215 near its 4700 South interchange, and “sees its magnificent construction.”

“It would welcome me in my day and it would bring me home every evening,” she said Tuesday, April 9, of the multistory structure with a central spire during the Taylorsville Utah Temple media day.

Sister Browning, second counselor in the Primary general presidency; Elder Kevin W. Pearson, General Authority Seventy and the Church’s Utah Area president; and Elder James R. Rasband, General Authority Seventy and assistant executive director of the Temple Department, spoke to news media representatives during media tours of the newly

constructed temple. They testified of temples and temple covenants bringing people closer to the Savior. Elder Pearson was accompanied by his wife, Sister June Pearson; Sister Browning was accompanied by her husband, Brother Brady Browning.

The temple’s public open house runs through Saturday, May 18, excluding Sundays. Tours during the open house are free, and online reservations are recommended.

The Taylorsville Utah Temple will be dedicated by Elder Gerrit W. Gong of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on Sunday, June 2, in two sessions, at 10 a.m. and 1:30 p.m.

MDT. The dedicatory sessions will be broadcast to all congregations in the temple district.

Elder Gong also presided at the groundbreaking on Oct. 31, 2020. Previously on the site was a Church meetinghouse and recreational field.

The new house of the Lord is about 8 miles from the

Jordan River Utah Temple and 10 miles from the Oquirrh Mountain Utah Temple, both in South Jordan, Utah, and about 13 miles from the Salt Lake Temple. When dedicated, the Taylorsville temple will be the 21st temple of 30 planned in Utah. Twenty-one temples in Utah is more than the Church had worldwide in 1982.

“I hope the members of the Church don’t come to think of [temples] as commonplace,” Elder Pearson said.

When he was born, there were 10 temples in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. With Church President Russell M. Nelson’s announcement of 15 new temple locations on Sunday, April 7, there are 350 houses of the Lord throughout the world, dedicated, under construction, or announced and in planning.

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20 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024 “We have unprecedented access to the blessings and covenants of the holy temple,” Elder Pearson said. “Our hope is that, because of that, the temple will become increasingly a greater and greater part of our personal worship, part of how we live our lives, the things that we plan our lives around and that we get to the temple often.”

While there are many temples in Utah — and around the world — “there is nothing commonplace about the house of the Lord,” Elder Pearson said.

He added: “It’s what happens inside of the temple that makes all the difference. We don’t come for the furnishings.

We come for the blessings and the spiritual power. The hope, the reassurance, the confidence and the increase in our faith that comes as we come to the house of the Lord, and worship our Heavenly Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”

Elder Rasband noted several of the architectural and design elements of the temple, including the pioneer-era Gothic architecture and the wildflower motifs. During the tour, as he shared about the sacred purpose of the temple and the function of each room, he also noted several original paintings and other design elements.

“Those beautiful expressions are just ways of saying how much we want to honor the Lord. Because for us, more than physical beauty, the temple bears witness for us of Jesus Christ and that through Him and through His Resurrection, each of us will overcome death and live again,” Elder Rasband said.

In temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Church members learn about the purpose of life and make several covenants through the endowment instruction. Couples and families are also married, or sealed, for eternity. Youth participate in proxy baptisms for the dead in the temple.

All are invited to attend the open house. After the dedication, Church members with temple recommends can enter to perform sacred ordinances.

Elder Rasband said: “Our hope is that this Taylorsville Utah Temple will stand as a beacon of light and hope in this wonderful part of the Salt Lake Valley.”

Sister Browning shared how when she and Brother Browning adopted their second child, they were able to be sealed together.

“I love the ordinances found in the temple. They have brought peace and joy and hope personally to me and my family,” Sister Browning said. The temple ordinances and covenants have helped her consider her relationship with the Savior Jesus Christ and to feel closer to Him. “It’s just a powerful place to be for us as members of God’s church, and to really be grateful for the invitation that He offers for us to be in His house.”

During the open house, children can visit the temple with their families.

“What a wonderful opportunity for families to come, especially with young children, and talk about those sacred promises that we make to God,” she said, including those covenants children make at baptism and also talk about when they will be able to go to the temple starting the year they turn 12 to do baptisms for the dead.

Maria Luisa Torres, a Taylorsville resident of 50 years, spoke of raising her five children and attending the meetinghouse that occupied the ground where the new temple stands. Her children were baptized in what was the Taylorsville Utah West Stake Center, spoke there in sacrament meetings as they left for and returned from full-time missions, and the family had a wedding reception and a quinceanera — a girl’s 15th-birthday party — there.

Emotions were high upon learning the building would be torn down, “but we knew what we would be getting is better,” said Sister Torres, who now serves with her husband, President David J. Torres, second counselor in the Utah Salt Lake City West Mission presidency.

Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News

Sister Tracy Y. Browning, second counselor in the Primary general presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, speaks to media during the Taylorsville Utah Temple media tour in Taylorsville, Utah, on Tuesday, April 9, 2024.

Taylorsville Utah Temple

Address: 2603 W. 4700 South, Taylorsville, Utah.

Temple announced: Oct. 5, 2019, by President Russell M. Nelson.

Groundbreaking: Oct. 31, 2020, by Elder Gerrit W. Gong of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

To be dedicated: June 2, 2024, by Elder Gong.

Public open house: Saturday, April 13, through Saturday, May 18, excluding Sundays.

Property size: 7.5 acres.

Building size: 73,492 square feet.

Building height: 216 feet, 9 1/4 inches.

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5 tips you should know before applying for the Angels Landing Pilot Permit Zion National Park marks 2 years of the Angels Landing Pilot Permit Program that has reduced the amount of crowding on the trail leading to one of the most popular lookout points

By Madison Selcho Deseret News

Zion National Park is celebrating two years of their Angels Landing Pilot Permit program which has helped reduce the amount of crowding on the half-mile trail that leads to the Angels Landing lookout point.

“Angels Landing is one of Zion National Park’s most popular destinations,” Zion National Park superintendent Jeff Bradybaugh said in a press release statement. “The Angels Landing Pilot Permit Program helps us maximize the number of people who make the hike and minimize crowding and congestion on the route. We know this from what visitors are telling us, and from rangers have observed since 2022.”

What is the Angels Landing Lottery?

In order to help make the hike safe and avoid crowding at the chains section, the Angels Landing permit was reportedly first introduced in April 2022.

There are two lotteries hikers can enter before they visit Zion National Park: • The advance lottery for $6 per try where hikers must enter the lottery five months prior to their hiking date.

• The daily lottery for $6 per try where hikers must enter the day before their hike between midnight and 3 p.m.

MT.

What are the odds of getting a permit for Angels Landing?

Outdoor Status found that 43% of lottery applicants ended up being successful in receiving a permit in 2022.

Since the program’s inception, there have been nearly 400,000 permits given to hikers.

The National Parks Service reported on their top five tips for permit applicants after studying the program for two years: 1. “You are more likely to receive a permit if you apply to hike mid-week,” since weekends typically have a higher

number of hikers.

2. “Zion continues to experience high visitation,” which leads to a high number of applicants for permit lottery.

• NPS reported that if you are “planning a trip on a holiday or weekend, odds of receiving a permit will be significantly lower.”

3. “Only select the time slots you are able and willing to hike.” As hikers select different times of day, crowding on the trail will decrease.

4. “Over the last two years, the overall odds in both the Seasonal Lottery and the Day-before Lottery average to about 50%,” but, the range of those odds tend to change.

• The change in odds tend to be, “8% in the Day-before Lottery on Memorial Day Weekend Sunday to 100% on random mid-week.”

5. “Compliance with the permit program is extremely high,” and citations are issued to hikers who choose to hike without a permit on the trail.

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26 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

EAT. STAY. PLAY

Now you can spend a night behind bars — in comfort A Wild West-era jail in Ephraim, Utah, finds new life as a unique Airbnb destination

By Emma Pitts Deseret News

Ephraim, Utah, began as a military fort long before it became best known as the home of Snow College.

When homesteads were founded, and cities were built, certain buildings were given top priority to build. When Fort Ephraim became Ephraim City in 1854, five buildings took precedence: • City hall.

• United Order Co-op.

• Relief Society Granary.

• Tabernacle.

• Jailhouse.

Few original stone jails that once housed infamous American outlaws of the Wild West remain intact now. But one such structure can be found in Ephraim.

Made from Oolite limestone, a distinctive cream-colored stone extracted from quarries located east of Ephraim and Manti, Utah, the Ephraim jail was built with the same stones used in the construction of the Manti Temple.

While the pioneer-era temple still fulfills its original purpose, the jailhouse has taken on a new type of inmate.

“Today, you can sleep in one cell and bathe in the other,” Ryan Roos, a historian and rare book and document specialist, told the Deseret News. “The main jail area now has a card table for poker games. These are all directly beneath the original city hall (and) a spiral staircase connects the floors.”

In 2022, Ryan and his wife Rachel Roos opened the jail doors for business as an Airbnb.

Jail turned Airbnb

While working as the historical building’s caretaker for many years, Rachel Roos grew to appreciate just how rare the property truly was. In 2019, when the prior owner decided to sell the jail, Roos found herself showing the historical building to many property developers looking to tear it down and build student housing in its place.

“We knew that if we didn’t buy it, it would be gone,” Ryan Roos said. “And as a historian, the idea of having a standing stone or Wild West jail is unheard of; they simply don’t exist anymore.”

And “without an advocate, they become prey to development,” he added.

The jail served its original purpose until the turn of the century and remained vacant until the 1960s when Snow College turned it into living quarters for a professor. After the professor’s passing, Roos said the jail again fell into decay.

In what might have been a blessing in disguise for the old jail, the COVID-19 pandemic paused the selling process indefinitely. During that time, Rachel’s brother, Russell Wilkins, and his wife, Connally, were visiting from Peru and were forced to stay in the United States while international travel was shut down.

They took shelter in the jail.

While staying in the jail, Rachel Roos said her brother and his family fell in love with the property. “They were like, ‘This has to get done. We have to restore the jail and turn it into a rental or an Airbnb or something, because it’s so awesome. People have to enjoy it,’” she said.

So together, with their different talents and combined funds, the two couples restored the jail in two years.

DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

Making old things new

Through blood, sweat, tears and, literally, broken bones — Rachel broke her foot during the process — the new owners wanted to ensure that the jail kept its historic personality while also modernizing it.

“The original interior jail walls were exposed, re-mortared and restored. The jail cells we restored to their original heights. The flooring was restored. The building’s original layout, where possible, was brought back to its former state.

The jailhouse portion was restored with literal attention to every single brick,” Roos explained.

He emphasized that the community’s support has added to the project’s satisfaction. “Everyone has a connection to this building. That just stood in the heart of the town,” he said. “Everyone seems Brian Nicholson, for the Deseret News to have a story from their family history Ryan and Rachel Roos pose at a historic jail and city hall they turned into an Airbnb in Ephraim, Monday, about an ancestor locked up in the jail.”

The locals aren’t the only ones at- March 11, 2024.

tracted to the unique Airbnb. People have visited from all around the country, and Roos said they have even had inquiries from people internationally.

For many Utahns it’s a fun staycation idea. “We’re getting a lot of a lot of repeat business. And a lot of these people, you’ll see people from Utah County, or Salt Lake County, they just want to escape.”

“The popularity of such shows such as ‘Longmire,’ ‘Deadwood’ and ‘Yellowstone’ demonstrate that the western tension between civility and freedom holds tremendous modern-day allure,” Roos explained. “Nothing represents that tension more than an old West jailhouse.”

As the Roos look ahead, they hope to save more historical sites in the West from being torn down for modern development.

“To preserve this experience for generations to come was one of the greatest honors of our lives,” he added.

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TUACAHN.ORG

28 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

EAT. STAY. PLAY

Utah emerges in top 5 of world explorer Lee Abbamonte’s most cherished U.S. destinations The ‘Marco Polo of the 21st Century’ has traveled every corner of the globe and ranks Utah’s natural beauty among his favorite experiences

Spenser Heaps, Deseret News

A double rainbow is pictured in the sky at Arches National Park near Moab on Saturday, Sept. 18, 2021. World explorer Lee Abbamonte recently ranked his favorite states, and Utah made the top five.

By Emma Pitts Deseret News

After losing a close friend and many of his co-workers in the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center towers, Lee Abbamonte found purpose in travel. Known as the “Marco Polo of the 21st Century,” Abbamonte has seen it all — literally.

His website boasts that he is one of the most traveled people in the world, having visited 321 countries, been to the North and South Poles, and even been to every U.S. state at least three times.

“Some of my extreme traveling highlights include hang glid-

ing over Rio de Janeiro, dodging bullets in the Libyan civil war, conquering the world’s highest bungee jump in South Africa, tracking silverback gorillas in Rwanda, summiting Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, playing golf in Afghanistan during the war, going on safari in the Serengeti and white-water rafting down the level-five rapids of the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe,” Abbamonte wrote on the website.

After retiring from his finance job in 2002, he made traveling his full-time occupation and has documented his favorite locations and experiences in the U.S. and abroad. In a recent Instagram post, he ranked the states in order — and Utah came in at No. 3:

1. California.

2. Colorado.

3. Utah.

4. Arizona.

5. Hawaii.

Although California has more national parks than any other state, Abbamonte told Business Insider that Utah’s uniqueness is its natural beauty.

“Utah, for me, is pure nature,” he said. “It’s very pleasant and scenic.” He emphasized that Salt Lake City was lovely and he felt very safe while visiting the state.

DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

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30 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

© 2024

40, No. 21

Gnus face many dangers as they travel.

In the grassy plains, they are hunted by predators like lions, cheetahs and hyenas.

Both male and female gnus have horns.

Front of body is heavy and large.

Along their migration loop, they cross large

Hindquarters are slender. here is an African animal that travels about 1,000 miles every year in what is known as the world’s largest animal migration.

This migrating animal is called a gnu.

They travel in one large herd that has a million gnus! They travel to find food and water. Some people call this enormous migration one of the “Seven Wonders of the Natural World!”

Follow the maze to avoid this hungry crocodile!

Gnus have large heads.

A migration is the movement of animals (including people) from one place to another.

Standards Link: Animals move from place to place for survival.

crocodiles.

Beard is sometimes black and sometimes white.

Grey coat with a black mane.

What’s a gnu?

It is a member of the antelope family which includes hooved animals with horns that graze. There are about 135 different kinds of animals in the antelope family.

Baby Gnus

Since gnus travel nearly every day, baby gnus must get up and walk right away.

The babies, called calves, start walking within minutes after they are born.

Standards Link: Young animals have features that aid in survival.

Unscramble the letters to reveal other members of the antelope family.

PHESE TELACT

ANTELOPE BEARD COAT FAMILY FOOD GRAZE GNU HERD HOOVED HORNS LARGE MANE MILLION NAME TRAVEL

F A M I L Y L E T D

A M B I X O O D R C

N J A V L G N E A O

T D E N D L H G V A

E O G J E Y I N E D L O R M G C K O L R

O F A S N R O H N A P N L A U G R A Z E

E W D E V O O H T B Standards Link: Letter sequencing. Recognize identical words. Skim and scan reading. Recall spelling patterns.

TSGAO

Scavenger Hunt

The G is silent in the word gnu. It’s pronounced like ”new.”

A word with a silent letter A word that describes a gnu An example of the way people travel today

Look through the newspaper to find:

Standards Link: Follow simple written directions.

! s d i K Hey COME

PLAY IN LOGAN!

(800) 882-4433 ExploreLogan.com

• CACHE VALLEY FUN PARK for laser tag, hatchet throwing, bowling and arcade games!

• SUMMERFEST ARTS FAIRE Cache County Fairgrounds June 13-15 • GET FREE TICKETS to Utah Festival shows. K-12 Utah students, visit UtahFestival.org for dates and details

DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

31

EVENTS

2024 PanAm Mountain Bike Championships May 12 Time: 9am Location: 2002 Olympic Drive - Midway https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/2024-panammountain-bike-championships

Quilt, Craft & Sewing Festival - Salt Lake City May 16 - 18 Time: 10am-5pm Location: 9575 State Street - Sandy https://festivalnet.com/72737/Sandy-Utah/TradeShows/Quilt,-Craft-Sewing-Festival-Salt-Lake-City

Kilby Block Party 5 May 12 Time: 11:30am Location: 741 Kilby Court - SLC https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/kilby-blockparty-5

2024 Living Traditions Festival May 17 - 19 Time: 5pm-10pm Location: 200 E 400 S - SLC https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/2024-livingtraditions-festival

100th Annual Spring Salon May 13 - 1 Time: 10am Location: 126 E 400 S - Springville https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/100th-annualspring-salon

Ogden Spring Home Show May 17 - 19 Time: 12pm-8pm Location: 1000 North 1200 West - Ogden http://www.nationwideexpos.com

Tulip Festival 2024 May 13 - 15 Time: 9am-8pm Location: 3003 N. Thanksgiving Way - Lehi https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/tulipfestival-2024 Real Salt Lake vs Seattle Sounders May 15 Time: 7:30pm Location: America First Field - 9256 South State Street - Sandy https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/real-salt-lakevs-seattle-sounders-2

2024 Spanish Fork Community Health & Wellness Fair May 18 Time: 9am-11am Location: 295 Volunteer Dr - Spanish Fork https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/2024-spanishfork-community-health-wellness-fair Ogden Marathon May 18 Location: 25th Street and Grant Avenue - Ogden https://saltlakerunning.com/event/zions-bank-ogdenmarathon Freedom Festival Art Exhibit May 20 Location: 425 West Center Street - Provo https://coveycenter.csstix.com/event-details.php?e=2176

2024 Memorial Day Service May 27 Time: 10am Location: 610 S State St - Provo https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/2024memorial-day-service Vineyard Days 2024 May 28 - 1 Time: 7:30pm Location: 350 N 100 E - Orem https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/vineyarddays-2024 SoJo Summerfest 2024 May 28 - 1 Time: 5pm Location: 11000 South Redwood Road - South Jordan https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/sojosummerfest-2024 47th Utah Asian Festival June 8 Time: 11am-8pm Location: 155 North 1000 West - SLC https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/47th-utahasian-festival Splash Days - Parade June 8 Time: 10am-12pm Location: Saratoga Springs https://www.saratogasprings-ut.gov/calendar. aspx?EID=6201

*Events and details are subject to change. Please visit the event websites for the most up to date and correct information.

32 DESERET NEWS | MAY 2024

FREE ADMISSION & PARKING!

MAY 17 - 19 GOLDEN SPIKE EVENT CENTER JOIN US AT THE HOME SHOW! The Ogden Home Show is here May 17 - 19th at the Golden Spike Event Center! From home automation, security, remodeling, and design; The Ogden Home Show has just what you need and more!

The Home Show is Free to attend and fun for all!

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Call 435-708-HOME

Visit OgdenHomeShow.com for more information!