A MAGAZINE 2019

architecture student magazine 2019

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Creative Research in Architecture at UFS

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th 4 Year Student Work

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st 1 Year Student Work

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th 5 Year Student Work

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nd 2 Year Student Work

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Book launch at House Joyce

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rd 3 Year Student Work

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Green Building Project

PROF. JONATHAN NOBLE

Message from the Academic Departmental Head (AHD) I would like to thank our former head of department, Henry Pretorius, for having invited me to apply for a professorship in architecture at UFS. I first met Henry at a design thesis review at the University of Cape Town.

He subsequently spoke to me about the position here and his intention to start a new PhD program, both of which were very enticing. The application was successful, and I must say that I have felt tremendously welcomed by everyone in the department.

transformative aspect of architecture – a pragmatic and focused logic that sits at the very heart of the ‘project’ in design. Unlike philosophy or sociology, which mostly work with words, architecture has the capacity to effect actual change. Because design is about practise. It’s about a pragmatics that is contextually and socially specific. It’s about judgement, developing the ability to know what is right, and to what extent. This is the real intelligence, the true cunning of architecture.

It felt good to join Architecture at UFS – after some 20 years at Wits – thanks to the known reputation of this department. We have a good ‘brand’, an established tradition, a clear identity with graduates of high standing. A deep respect and love for architecture is a hallmark at this school. I believe we can build upon this love for architecture.

Naturally, we live in complicated times. There are many social and political challenges that face our society, and by implication that face our profession. Good designers have the savy and the problem solving skills, of a kind that are required. Here lies the powerful and potentially

We need to find ways of extending our love for architecture. We need to harness that love and point it in a direction that engages with the unique social and urban challenges of our time. I’m not suggesting that we don’t do this. What I am saying is that we can do more, and we can do better, by focusing and fine-tuning the pragmatic intelligence of the design project. To take on the social, the urban, the political and cultural questions that pertain to our unique context, and to our time. Let’s feel encouraged, take the challenge and create a unique, relevant and authentic contribution for the future of South African architecture.

From the Editor Malcolm Gladwell said you need 10 000 hours of experience and practice in a specific subject to be a master in that subject. These 10 000 hours are exercised by students of the University of the Free States Department of Architecture studios day and night.

The a Magazine serves as a platform where the act and practice of such mastery is showcased. It was the aspiration of the editorial team, the A5 and I to create a publication which would do the hours and dedication, put in by students and staff members justice.

Paging through this publication, you can experience the departments most excellent student work from first year through to master’s year as well as world-class insertions by staff members. You will also get

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MICHKE JORDAAN a glimpse into the 2019 Sophia Gray Laureate, Jonathan Jacobson.

Comprehensively exhibiting a year’s happenings in one document.

I would like to acknowledge and thank everyone that helped me make this publication possible; the staff of the UFS Department of Architecture, to the sponsors, the Silverrocket Creative Team, the editorial team (A5) and to each and every student and staff member who contributed to the phenomenal contents of this magazine. It has been an honour to work with each and everyone of you!

Please get lost in the ever-advancing process of mastery put in by each individual and enjoy the 10th annual a Magazine!

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

a5 2019

Department of Architecture, University of the Free State ACADEMICS

SOCIAL

FIRST YEARS

CHAIRPERSON

A-MAG

Adelin Francis

Gerbrand Delport

Curits Smit

Nico Janse van Rensburg

Michke Jordaan

071 641 2645

081 043 5431

083 602 0939

078 616 7368

074 235 9397

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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Emannni Seed Bank, Eswaani Plannng the seeds of Architectural Educaaon in South Africa. See this and other exciing projects

www.paragon.co.za 4

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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SOPHIA GRAY

MEMORIAL LECTURE & EXHIBITION: JON JACOBSON in[de]finite 29 August 2019 18:30 | SEDCOM Auditorium 21:00 | Oliewenhuis Art Museum

What is a pellet fireplace?

Pellet fireplaces are highly efficient, fully automated and programmable heating systems. They utilize wood pellets as fuel, which is very economic, easy to handle and store and produce high heat outputs without harming the environment.

Piazzetta pellet fireplaces guarantee a long burn time with a thermostatically controlled self-regulating capacity as well as practical programming management. The user simply sets the desired room temperature and the fireplace automatically adjusts its output to maintain the selected temperature.

Pellet fireplaces can also be programmed to turn on and off at set times.

They are very user-friendly and require very little maintenance.

93 Donald Murray, Bloemfontein 082 335 6947 gascobloem@gmail.com architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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PROF. JONATHAN NOBLE

Creative Research in Architecture at UFS

Ha! Kerpow! What? No! OK. Maybe: Improvisation in the Collaborative Architect-Client Relationship

By Jonathan Jacobson

A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of part of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture with Specialisation in Design (BC 480314) Department of Architecture University of the Free State Bloemfontein January 2019 Study leader: Prof. Jonathan Noble

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The Architecture department at UFS is proud to have graduated, in 2019, our first candidate in the new creative research program for architecture – Masters and PhD with Specialization in Design. Congratulations are due to Jon Jacobson, who achieved a Masters’ degree (with specialization in design) with distinction. With a dissertation impressively titled, “Ha! Kerpow!

What? No! OK. Maybe: Improvisation in the Collaborative Architect-Client Relationship”.

Metropolis, a South African architectural practice undertaking primarily residential work, have a human-centred design philosophy in which their clients’ needs are placed at the centre of the design effort. As a result, they have developed a client-centred approach, where they take a collaborative rather than a professionally-centred stance towards architectural practice.

Their collaborative approach has required that they evolve more informal methodologies in the way that they manage and communicate with their clients. This is generally at odds with the traditional professional mode of practice, which favours a ‘top-down’ approach to design and considers too much collaboration to be destructive to the production of quality architecture.

The central question of this study, then, is how has Metropolis managed to produce a recognized body of work while maintaining collaborative clientarchitect relationships? The study investigated the design process of the practice through a detailed study of the conceptual design drawings associated with one of their contemporary residential projects. Pages pertinent to the project from the design notebooks of Jon Jacobson, the principal of Metropolis, were extracted and collated. The study discovered that the design process alternates between being both highly flexible, intuitive and open-ended and being rational, structured and formal. This dichotomy was framed in terms of a musical analogy, that of improvisation versus composition. The analogy is used as a lens to elucidate many aspects of the drawing-based conceptual design processes developed by Metropolis.

The nature and role of the architectural concept in their process is explored and characterized. The particular criteria that they use to select and construct an architectural concept are discovered and outlined. It is found that these criteria are aimed at ensuring that the guiding concept, which confers the ‘architectural quality’ to the project, is not diluted during the course of a collaborative design process with the client.

This ability for a concept to survive the architectural translation process is given the name ‘concept resilience’. Improvisational techniques within the conceptual design process that enable concept resilience, are identified and categorized within the individual drawing series contained in the notebook pages and related to analogous processes in jazz performance.

At the same time, the means by which the practice structures and orders their design process is explored in more detail. Finally, the manner in which improvisational processes and the rationalizing/ evaluative design processes interact in concept formation is discussed and termed ‘alternation’. The rapid alternation between improvisational and compositional modalities in the design process, is understood to be the key operative design technique that supports the efforts of the practice to be both ‘architecture-based’ and ‘clientcentred’. Jon Jacobson

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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Fig. 101. Sequential collation of individual sketch drawings from the design notebook pages in Figs 44-62, Chapter Three. The drawings portray the range of design exploration from the establishment of the site concept to the first presentation sketches. sketch drawings from the design notebook pages in Figs 44-62, Chapter Three. The drawings portray the range Fig. 101.

Sequential collation of individual

of design exploration from the establishment of the site concept to the first presentation sketches.

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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The Vredefort dome area is laced with the predominant theme of trace and memory. The traces of the meteorite act as an indications of an event that took place over 2 billion years ago. These traces focussed my attention on cause-and-effect which has a direct correlation with the passage of time: an effect cannot be experienced or evaluated without the passing of time from the initial explanandum. The conclusion is that the evaluation of change (which acts as proof of the effect) is dependent on the passing of time as well as people’s ability to experience the change with their senses.

My design approach was to emphasize the reciprocity between the dwellers themselves and the geological traces. This led to a circulation datum that serves as an edge condition, a space of heightened activity and interaction, between the different types of visitors and the site of geological significance. Throughout the design, connections between the dwellers and the landscape emphasise the importance of their senses to experience the change.

ALEXIS HICKSON

Shoulder Piece

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VICKO VENTER

Vredefort Dome

When designing my shoulder piece, I had to start at the beginning. Who am I as a person? As I’m a very creative person, I found my inspiration in nature, or rather different kinds of flowers. In my case I have many personality traits that can be associate with flowers such as sunflowers and daisy’s.

I’m a happy person and always see the good in things, people or situations and always try my best to make something good even in a bad situation. The material I used also formed a crucial part of my design symbolizing that I’m an open book. That is why I created plastic flowers of different sizes in my shoulder piece.

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

INGE JOHNSTON

Spiritual Place Wilma Cruise

I designed my spiritual place for Wilma Cruise, a sculptor who works mostly with fired clay in her renderings of life-sized human and animal sculptures. Wilma asked the question if we are right to presume our position of superiority in relation to animals? The design strives to make humans and nature equals. My inspiration came from the Nk’Mip Desert Culture Centre by Hotson Bakker Boniface Haden, where rammed earth walls are used effectively. I replaced the floor, wall and roof of an ordinary building with ground, water, trees and sky from nature.

The ground serving as the walls, the water as the floor and the sky as the roof. Play with light and shadows helps with self-exploration. Moving through the space you become equal with nature and at some places smaller than nature.

Openings throughout the space enables you to experience the different aspects of nature and admire it.

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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The Third Skin - the art of making Each year the First-Year class takes on the sacred tradition and daunting task of building a basic twoperson dwelling making use of earth construction. Here, being covered in mud with thorns piercing your feet, becomes second nature.

This year the students claimed a new piece of soil. A new site was introduced due to the erection of solar panels on the originally allocated site. The soil was ploughed for the first time, planting a new era in the tradition of The Third Skin project.

The main focus of the project is to develop an architectural language and place-making using basic archetypes. Design principles such as thresholds, a sense of arrival and domain for example are implemented in the design and building process. Students are free to experiment and familiarise themselves with earth construction and techniques of articulating the materials.

Each group designs a dwelling while taking into account the totality of the macro-cosmic context to the individual micro-cosmic context. These dwellings together create a community.

Not only is the end result an earth constructed community but also a community with a strong sense of camaraderie amongst the First-Year class.

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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JAMES HENRY BOTHA

Mews Design

This design for living spaces in the community of Heidedal, attempts to reflect on the experiential context, its surrounding spaces, and enveloped places. The client brief focused on the interacting between people and the relation between and private, semi-private, semi-public and public spaces. Although the design had to accentuate the feeling of a community, the site offered limitations in terms of size, the spacing of dwellings, and movability. The design is specific to the site and considers the different elements that formed the site beyond and between the boundary lines.

The Design: The layout creates a public space on the outer ring and a semi-public on the inner ring of the site. The private spaces forms a strict line between public and semi-public and this design element makes the design unique. Semi-private courtyards form part of the dwelling composition, the courtyards extend from the inside out. In contrast to the formal structure of the design, semi-public and semi-private introduce a flow of experience and there is no strict design element that divide the two spaces. The whole design proses is a play between private, semi-private, semi-public and public.

West Elevation

North Elevation

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

RETHABILE SETJEO

Ramkraal Design

Built in 1893, the Ramkraal is a stereotomic and static mass which is symbolic of oppression and incarceration. The proposed museum and conference centre on the existing prison was inspired by a strong desire to break away from the past and be symbolic of the future, a new South Africa free from oppression, colonization and racial segregation. The existing prison was designed in symmetry and has a central octagonal tower which served as the reception area. It has a 45-degree wall which gives way to a new axis and datum emphasizing a new era. The tower also becomes an exhibition space for the museum with a glass roof and walls above the space thus becoming a beacon of hope.

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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SUZANI VAN DER MERWE

PPC - finding identity within the grid

How do we establish urban communities for people that do not have shared memories with that specific place? Although one building can act as a safe haven within a city of many unknowns for migrants, additions within an urban context can’t be seen in isolation. My design proposal must therefore be seen as a public intervention including a migrant centre rather than migrant centre as a single building.

My design proposal allows local and migrant users to engage with the building allowing them to understand the essences of the building and hopefully accept the building into the community. The ground floor and first two floors become an extension of the public realm allowing locals to engage vertically with the building and resultantly engage with migrants entering the city and allow the new users to become aware of the existing identity and build on it.

Ground Floor

First Floor

Typical Accommodation

Sixth Floor

South Elevation

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

JAKES VAN DER WATT

Arthur Nathan Heritage Design The design proposal consists of a venue for events, functions and conferences.

Furthermore, the accommodation list includes a chapel, a gallery space and an auditorium which are all linked to the President’s Hotel to provide accommodation for guests. The aim of this proposal was to design with parsimony seeing that it has heritage status.

The dichotomy between old and new is caused by the misconceived layerdness of the urban fabric and subsequently perceptions are changed and differentiated over time. By reestablishing the dialogue between layers of historicity and the spirit of the time, a merger would be imminent. This allows for a sense of timelessness and an adaptable architecture which will accommodate the natural course of the pendulum, known as HISTORY. architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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MATTHEW RUSSEL

An African Fashion Platform in Midtown Bloemfontein In this project, I identified voids within the city. I made them into a fashion platform which those without a voice in society could use to be heard and contribute.

What you wear and how you carry your style is your voice, especially for people outside of the reigning culture. Those who have historically been oppressed tend to use their bodies to communicate themselves, allowing them to have a voice and a stance (99pi, 2018:1). Much the same, I believe voids are the places where one can find shelter from the city’s solids of oppression and allow for bodies to engage, giving a platform for their stance. I am interested in how an existing solid within midtown Bloemfontein can be re-composed as a street known as the African fashion platform to facilitate the engagement of bodies.

The project stems from an interaction with a pair of Senegalese designers within midtown and their story of trying to make South Africa home. The client is the Free State Fashion Week as a school, head offices, runway, pop up stores, and an artists residency.

Landau says that “What’s required is to recalibrate how xenophobia is covered, particularly how stories are told about migrants” (2018: [Online]). How I have investigated the telling of their story is dedicating civic space to this very task; providing platforms to give a voice to those who do not have.

This does not require and info center, it requires a platform to allow migrants to be a fully functional part of society.

North Elevation

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

Section A-A Second Floor Plan

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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DERIK VAN BLERK

UFS Centre Experiential Urban Agriculture for

This urban intervention inside an existing office building on the corner of Charlotte Maxeke Street and Wes Burger Street in the Bloemfontein CBD explores ways to address food security in the Free State through institutional engagement with the urban public. The design responds to both the spatial qualities and the underlying issues on social justice within the macro context.

The client is the University of the Free State - Department of Agriculture. This created the opportunity for the project to ask questions about the university as an institution’s responsibility towards the city, our ethical engagement with the citizen’s needs in the city, and the city’s view of the university as a collective entity.

The design developed into a mixed-use building that retains all of its existing functions, while accommodating both the new client as well as opening the ground floor to allow the flow of public though the site. An intimate, planted courtyard creates a rest space for the everyday user of the street. The rest of the building features dramatic brick facades, vertical greenhouses, planted screens and external circulation routes, creating a diverse urban morphology that questions the traditional closed-off architecture of the gated institution.

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

West Elevation

Section C-C

Section A-A

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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PHADI MABE

A Reliquary for the Reverence of Ordinaries Museum for the Everyday The Museum-mausoleum monument for the ordinaire is a 1-kilometre museum suspended and submerged across three racially, politically and religiously segregated cemeteries in Bloemfontein. The museum acts as a countermonument to elitist monuments by monumentalising the lives of ordinary people buried and yet to be buried at the segregated cemetery through eulogy libraries, digital archives and memory boxes. The building expresses itself as what one might call a building to die for.

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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SAMUEL PELLISSIER

Lamu: an Architectural Investigation of Time and Place

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While touring eastern Africa on a bicycle in early 2017, we came across an ancient Swahili port city called Lamu. This World Heritage site resonates with the rhythms of time, and the rich culture of its people identifies the place. This determined the cornerstones of this thesis as Time and Place.

As an outsider, I became a student of the ways of Lamu, the religion, the lifestyle, and the culture, with a specific interest in the traditional methods of Dhow-building and donkey transportation. The aim was to design an architectural response that accommodates these methods while respecting cultural heritage.

The remote location of Lamu provided practical challenges that were resolved by using building techniques and materials, known to the island, in a newly imagined way that aims to inspire, rather than prescribe.

The project aspired to portray something similar to Breyten Breytenbach’s theory of the “Middle world”, an in-between place that accommodates the dweller where he might find himself between land and sea.The designed building consists of dry-docks for Dhow repairs and building, a workshop for finer crafts such as sail making and furniture weaving, and a sanctuary for donkeys to be looked after. So this thesis became a place where the dweller, the Dhow and the donkey can come to find repairs and sanctuary.

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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Book launch at House Joyce Hendrik Auret is a senior lecturer at the University of the Free State, South Africa, and registered as a professional architect.

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY

ROUTLEDGE RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE SERIES

CHRISTIAN NORBERG-SCHULZ’S INTERPRETATION OF HEIDEGGER’S PHILOSOPHY Care, Place and Architecture

ISBN 978-0-8153-7826-6

www.routledge.com

9 780815 378266

Eight years ago, in a basement in Canada, I started working on what would eventually be published as Christian Norberg-Schulz’s Interpretation of Heidegger’s Philosophy: Care, Place and Architecture (Routledge, 2019). The book delves into one of the main aspects that has sustained the UFS School of Architecture for the last thirty years, namely the writings of the Norwegian architectural theorist Christian Norberg-Schulz. Beyond presenting the development and content of Norberg-Schulz’s approach, the book interrogates his contribution in terms of the biggest divergence between his own work and the work of the person who arguably had the greatest influence on his thinking, namely the German philosopher, Martin Heidegger.

It boils down to this: Heidegger proposed that humans live space as place and time as care; practicing architecture as an ‘art of place’ (proposed

by Norberg-Schulz) and an ‘art of care’ (developed in my book) aims at buildings which are true to human life in that they dignify our emplaced care.

Routledge titles are available as eBook editions in a range of digital formats

HENDRIK AURET

launch during the thesis exams, since this is traditionally a time for staff of the department to celebrate the fruits of our labour. In addition, there would be architects (external examiners) from beyond the Free State and some kind of budget for snacks etc. Joyce was gracious enough to allow us the use of her house-under-construction, Henry Pretorius diverted funds to the event, Hein inspired the fourth years to step up construction efforts and the indefatigable Jan Ras agreed to help with the logistics. On my part, I decided we needed an ‘entrance aedicule’ to enhance the sense of arrival and provide a focus to the outdoor space. I also put together a small exhibition to fill the walls and showcase some of the research sustaining the book.

On 8 November 2018, I set out with some fourth years (and here I really want to profusely thank Hennie de Wet, Francois van der Berg and Reuben Roode) to construct the aedicule and put up the exhibition. The evening was opened by Hein, who gave a short background to the construction of House Joyce, and Prof Jan Smit, who introduced me to Norberg-Schulz’s thinking in my first year of studies and elaborated on the theoretical story of our school.

I then explained some of the core ideas discussed in the book. Afterwards, the fine dining consisted – thanks to the ingenuity of Jan Ras – of Black Labels, vetkoek & mince and corn on the cob. Personally, I had a wonderful time. I felt honoured that I could contribute another chapter in the story of this excellent school of architecture. I would like to thank all the staff and students that helped me realise the borderline-maverick idea of launching a book in Phase 9. Special thanks to Franco Barkhuysen and Pieter Mathews for some wonderful photographs of the evening, and the bittereinders who helped with the dismantling afterwards.

Image: Pieter Mathews

So where would one launch this kind of book? There are many auspicious venues in Bloemfontein, but none seemed appropriate. The answer was almost too near to see, but eventually I realised I knew of the perfect place where an inordinate amount of architectural care has been expressed in an unlikely setting. For the last couple of years the UFS School of Architecture has been building an experimental house in Phase 9 for our departmental messenger Joyce Mohatlana. Spearheaded by Hein Raubenheimer, assisted by Prof Gerhard Bosman and countless students over the years, the construction of House Joyce has endured many twists and turns. I realised that the project exemplified the kind of exuberant parsimony and attentive commitment that is so scarce in our times. Next, I proposed to hold the

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This book seeks to realign Norberg-Schulz’s understanding of time as continuity and change to present a holistic approach grounded in Heidegger’s phenomenological philosophy; architecture as art of care. Aimed at academics and scholars in architectural theory, history and philosophy, Christian Norberg-Schulz’s Interpretation of Heidegger’s Philosophy surveys the implications and significance of Norberg-Schulz’s works on architectural criticism in the late 20th century.

architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

Image: Pieter Mathews

Image: Franco Barkhuysen

DR HENDRIK AURET

ROUTLEDGE RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

Christian Norberg-Schulz’s Interpretation of Heidegger’s Philosophy investigates the theoretical contribution of the world-renowned Norwegian architectural theorist Christian Norberg-Schulz and considers his architectural interpretation of the writings of German philosopher Martin Heidegger. Though widely recognised as providing the most comprehensive reading of Heideggerian philosophy through the lens of architecture, this book argues that NorbergSchulz neglected one of the key aspects of the philosopher’s contributions: the temporal nature of being-in-the-world as care. The undeveloped architectural implications of the ontological concept of care in his work prevented the fruition of his ultimate aim, transforming the ‘art of place’ into an ‘art of living’.

HENDRIK AURET

Cover image: Photograph courtesy of © CNSarchives at CNSarchives.com

“The book provides a comprehensive consideration of Norberg-Schulz’s lifelong search for a deeper understanding of how architectural work is related to life. Auret´s research is attentive and thorough, and he presents his work regarding the ‘art of care’ as a way towards designing and appreciating architecture as an art of life.”

Gro Lauvland, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

CHRISTIAN NORBERG-SCHULZ’S INTERPRETATION OF HEIDEGGER’S PHILOSOPHY

“Auret offers a convincing, supportive counter to recent critical studies that undercut Norberg-Schulz’s work, claiming it is a misreading of Heidegger. The book is a timely contribution to architectural theory, especially environmental hermeneutics and architectural phenomenology.”

David Seamon, Kansas State University, USA

Image: Pieter Mathews Image: Franco Barkhuysen architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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MICHKE JORDAAN

Green Building Project A prototype house constructed in environmentally friendly building methods

In 2019 Mr Raubenheimer and Professor Bosman continued with the Community Service-Learning project called “An experimental earthconstructed dwelling in Mangaung”.

Student involvement was facilitated within the existing Construction module (CONS6808) in the B. Arch Honours year group.

Four small groups of students from the Honours year group spent time throughout the year working with the aim of finishing the experimental dwelling, each group acted as a sub-contractor in the building process.

The groups were tasked with various responsibilities such as the tiling and plumbing of the bathroom, the design and insertion of a window in the loft space, the priming and painting of walls as well as the replacing of glass in windows. The students also had to hand in interim construction reports wherein they described and documented the work done.

I am pleased to announce that this project is nearing its completion after several previous years of students combined with this year’s B. Arch Honours students working on the project to make the experimental dwelling a success!

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architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

Photos by B. Arch Honours 2019 class. architecture student magazine 2019 | department of architecture, university of the free state

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