CONTENTS HTA 1. Historical Context 2. Site Identity 3. Elements of Jalan Besar ADS 1. Developmental Control Parameters 2. Infrastructures MAT 1. Urban Grain Analysis 2. Façade Rhythm 3. Façade Materials 4. Façade Patterns ES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Weather Data Environmental Analysis Shadow Analysis Wind Flow Analysis Massings
H TA A Masquerade
TIMELINE
H TA Historical Context
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
TIMELINE
H TA Historical Context
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
TIMELINE
H TA Historical Context
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
MORPHOLOGICAL TIMELINE
H TA Historical Context
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
MORPHOLOGICAL TIMELINE
H TA Historical Context
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
MORPHOLOGICAL TIMELINE
H TA Historical Context
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ANALYSIS
SITE IDENTITY
H TA Historical Context
FAC A D E The facades of the shophouses in Jalan Besar shares a distinct characteristic of a pastel coloured facade.
F I V E
Occasionally, stronger colours are used to accentuate certain ornamentations in the facades. The use of pastel colours enhances the vibrancy of the site giving it a sense of lightness and captivation.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
F O O T
WAY
The Five Foot Way can be found tucked under the facades of the shophouses and is easily recognizable by the projected upper floor of the shophouses. It stretches along the front of the businesses forming a corridor for people to window-shop and also serves as a sheltered pathway for pedestrians. The five foot ways are also used as an extension to an establishment often sighting chairs and lounges for relaxation.
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H TA Site Identity B AC K
A L L E Y S
The hidden back alleys of Jalan Besar are a contrast to the ornamental facades of the shophouses. Used to conceal air conditioner ducts and piping from the main street, the back alley displays a raw sight as compared to the decorative facades.
The back alleys not only serve as a service area for businesses to restock their goods but also as pathways for people to take a shorter route across the shophouses.
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ANALYSIS
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H TA Site Identity
A S S O C I AT I O N S
H O S T E L S
&
L O D G E S
Many hostels and lodges can be found within the shophouses of Jalan Besar. The historical value of the shophouses coupled together with the cheaper cost of lodging attracts many tourist to Jalan Besar. Behind the well-conserved facades of the shophouses, the interiors of the lodgings have a stark contrast to the facade that does not retain the traditional style of the shophouses. This provides a false sense of conservation as the modern interiors are masqueraded by the historical shophouse facades.
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ANALYSIS
Clan associations began emerging in Jalan Besar in the 1910s. It was set up to serve as a support group for the Chinese immigrants far away from their hometown. Many Chinese letters and signs line the facades of the shophouses making the Chinese culture of the site prominent.
H TA Site Identity
B A R S,
P U B S
&
K T V s
Many Bars and KTV occupy the shophouses mainly along Syed Alwi Road. In the day, the Bars and KTV lounges are mostly closed. At night, the road bustles with nightlife retaining the night scene of the now demolished New World Amusement Park. The emergence of the growing cafe scene gives a creative twist to the site in which the cafe's aesthetics ranges from Minimalism to the industrial style.
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ANALYSIS
With the emergence of these entertainment hubs, Jalan Besar is dubbed as an upcoming creative district as compared to the past where the main usage of shophouses was for more industrial uses like trading. These changes to Jalan Besar attracts more tourists and youths serving as both an entertainment hub and a heritage trail.
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H TA Site Identity
S T U D I O S Hidden between the businesses and cafes are the creative studios of Jalan Besar. Housing Architecture firms, photography studios and sound studios implicates the diversity of the site as compared to the past. The area has seen an increase in the number of youth, tourists and professionals as compared to the past where only residents and traders would frequent.
H A R D WA R E
S H O P S
Hardware shops emerged in the 1980s taking over most of the automotive businesses that moved out due to new zoning rules. Currently situated between trendy cafes and businesses, the hardware shops still retained the industrial history of Jalan Besar.
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U S E R A N A LYS I S
H TA Site Identity
TOURIST This denotes the areas of accommodation within the site which is commonly utilised by tourist.
OFFICE USERS Office user’s activity can be traced back to the commercial and recreational areas of the site.
Influx of tourist has influenced the business within the area. They further enhance areas rich with culture such as shophouses and places of worship
Business in the site change accordingly to appeal to the office workers whereby they would choose closer locations to the offices for convenience and to increase business.
MANUAL WORKERS There is a high density of small business within the rows of shophouses.
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E L D E R LY The associations around the area are mainly occupied by the elderlies. As time progresses , associations are neglected by the younger generation.
ANALYSIS
U S E R A N A LYS I S
H TA Site Identity
The density and arrangement of the types of business that occur can be derived from the site.
The site has also adapted to the increasing influx of tourist in the area. In order to accommodate to them , business such as backpacking hotels and small hotels were built. This created a saturated grid for tourist.
Small business are mostly found in the shophouses. They are arranged in a denser and more packed order. Ultimately, these several business forms blocks
There are various restaurants , cafes and pubs within the area. Activity from office workers and tourist is reflected here. The site changes over time accordingly in order to appeal to the crowd. This is reflected in the increasing number of such commercial buildings that has developed around the area as compared to the past.
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Big business and larger scale company offices are arranged in a less dense and more spacious order with open spaces for a more suitable environment
ANALYSIS
U S E R A N A LYS I S
H TA Site Identity
D AY
NIGHT
ELDERLY
TOURIST
Sports and Leisure, Accommodation, Cafes, Pubs
OFFICE USERS
Commercial
MANUAL WORKERS
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Eateries and Parks
Quiet Places and Associations
Cafes
Integration, Small Business and Facilities
SITE
ANALYSIS
Pubs
DISTRICTS
H TA Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements
Although the city was planned in a grid like manner, the districts are not shaped into grids and are separated into their distinct characteristics like the architectural styles, uses and notably, when they were built. The yellow district has a characteristic of housing creative and trendy businesses like cafes and architecture studios attracting professionals tourists and youths to the area. The purple district houses the HDBs and the high rise buildings built around the 1980s. A distinct Podium style of architecture can be seen manifesting in the HDBs and Jalan Besar Plaza.
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ANALYSIS
EDGES
H TA Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements
The edges along Jalan Besar Stadium and People's Association Headquarters are formed due to the contrasting density of the area. The densely packed shophouses and the towering HDB blocks form a stark contrast to the openness of the Stadium and the Headquarters. The edges along Lavender Street forms a strong edge as it is rather impenetrable due to the many traffic lanes separating the two areas. There is also a contrast in the densely packed small shophouses and the large shopping malls across the street.
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ANALYSIS
LANDMARKS
H TA Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements
Landmarks of Jalan Besar have distinct characteristics unique to the site. The scale of the Jalan Besar Stadium and its curved roof together with architectural style of the People's Association Headquarters makes it a prominent landmark in Jalan Besar. The City Square Residences, is a landmark in Jalan Besar due to the contrasting height difference between the shophouses. Moreover, the glazed blue glass facades are easily identifiable due to the vertical expression of the facade. If placed among other high rise buildings, it would hardly stand out, therefore it is only a landmark due to its location and contrasting scale.
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ANALYSIS
NODES
H TA Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements
The nodes are situated mostly in commercial and touristy areas like City Square Mall and Little India where people would stop and make decisions. These areas display a more extroverted place due to the large and continuous concentration of nodes. Other nodes are transportation nodes mainly MRT stations with a more physical form. They are the first things that people observe when entering the area therefore alleviating people's attention to the details of the site. One other node is the open air foodcourt housed under the Jalan Besar Sports Complex. The node is more introverted as it serves a specific function of a foodcourt and has clear physical boundaries to it.
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ANALYSIS
PAT H WAY S
H TA Kevin Lynch’s 5 Elements
The paths around the site are arranged in a predictable grid like manner forming a network together. Paths in Jalan Besar are notable as they often consists of the Five Foot Ways that line the shophouses. The paths along Jalan Besar Road has a distinct identity of a wider pathway that stretches alongside a large road giving it hierarchy and continuity. The path along Allenby road plays an important role in the navigation of pedestrians as they would be able to see the origin of Jalan Besar Road to its Destination, Tyrwhitt Road. Reinforcing the identity of Jalan Besar as it enables pedestrians a better visual understanding of the area.
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CONCLUSION Pa ths
Nodes
Landmarks
Edges
Districts
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ANALYSIS
Users of Jalan Besar navigate around based on their visual understanding of the area. the architecture on the site should respect this understanding of users and subtly add to their perception of the area.
H TA
Informs one of the general areas where people gather and disperse. The site exists in the vicinity of several nodes and thus should capatalise on this movement through recognizable entrances and exits that allow one to pass through with ease
Orientation of site according to the landmarks it is adjacent to and thus influencing the entrance façade and exits.
Gives one a clue as to the its role along an edge, an entrance, a continuation of the edge or a combination of both. The site due to its location along a diagonal connecting road, should act as a visually interesting building that invites one through an edge
Informs one where the site belongs, the typology of its neighbouring buildings, the role it plays in the district to contribute meaningfully.
ADS Development Control
VISTAS
ADS Infrastructures
Jalan Besar & Shophouses View of fork road which gives a directional view of tall residential buildings in the background
City Square Residences Close view of shophouses with tall buildings in the background. Residences frame a linear view of the landscape within development.
People’s Association View of People’s Association Headquarters with the downtown core cityscape in the background, providing main visual relief to site
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ANALYSIS
Jalan Besar Stadium Obstructed view of field and swimming pool but provides less cluttered view of greenery, giving visual relief
TRANSPORT NODES + PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
ADS
Infrastructures
Farrer Park MRT
Proposal of Sheltered Walkway
Sheltered Walkways Bus Stops MRT Stations
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Lavender MRT
SITE
ANALYSIS
HUMAN DENSITY - MORNING City Square Mall Popular shopping mall, highly populated through the week, but especially so on weekends.
Mustafa Centre & Cafes / Eateries Mustafa Centre and a few well-known cafes / eateries located alongside this area. Moderately populated through the week, highly populated on the weekends.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
HDB Estate + Shops Mainly a residential area with a couple of miscellaneous shops scattered along the road. Moderately populated during the weekdays but sparsely populated during the weekends as most shops are closed.
SITE
ANALYSIS
ADS Infrastructures Cafes & Coffee Shops Mildly populated area, mostly frequently by the few locals or workers in the area.
Industrial Workshops Area mostly lowly populated only by the workers and delivery trucks. Much more busier during the weekdays
Lavender MRT Moderately populated. Mostly from people heading home or visiting the shops nearby.
HUMAN DENSITY - EVENING
ADS Infrastructures
City Square Mall Popular shopping mall, highly populated through the week, but especially so on weekends. Shops open till late in the night.
Mustafa Centre & Pubs/KTVs Mustafa Centre and a few well-known pubs/KTVs located alongside this area. Usually heavily populated, especially so on weekends.
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ANALYSIS
Pubs and KTVs Moderately populated area, most are visiting the pubs and KTVs located in this region.
Lavender MRT Moderately populated. Mostly from people heading home or visiting the shops that are opened till late night HDB Estate Residential area. Quiet and sparsely populated during the night.
TRAFFIC + VEHICULAR ACCESS
ADS Infrastructures
High Traffic Medium Traffic Low Traffic
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ANALYSIS
NOISE POLLUTION
ADS Infrastructures
Association Building Occasional events are held here, mostly during the weekends
Jalan Besar High traffic road throughout the week, particularly so on weekends.
Cafes and Food Court Church-goers and visitors of the temple often stop by in large crowds to have lunch
Machinery Stores Metalworking noises comes from machinery stores located alongside this building.
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ANALYSIS
Jalan Besar Stadium Occasional events are held here during special festivals. Frequented by locals which use the public sport facilities.
GREENERY
ADS Infrastructures
There are some greenery around the site, namely the Somme Road playground and park, and there is also an open field at the People's’ Association. The pathway between the field and the Jalan Besar Sports Complex is also lined with trees by the side. The pathway, especially, gives a very clear axis pointing from the site towards the HDBs at the other side, and it is also used as a main circulation that connects the 2 points. The same language can be used to continue the axis on the service road between the 2 plots by planting trees along the edge.
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ANALYSIS
DRAINAGE
ADS Infrastructures
The ICs are arranged along the perimeter of the site The manholes/sewers currently exist along the back alley of the buildings and shophouses. As such, when building on the site (especially plot 2), one should ensure access to the manholes without obstructions through implementation of public open spaces. There are also 2 nearby fire hydrants, one located at the corner where Jalan Besar Road and Plumer Road meet, and the other one is located along Petain Road. The fire hydrants to the most remote corner to the site are beyond 50m and thus, a private fire hydrant is required in the close vicinity of the site. Manhole Inspection Chamber Fire Hydrant
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
USE ZONING
ADS Development Control Parameters
Plot Residential Commercial Mixed Use Hotels Worship Offices
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Sports & Recreation
SITE
ANALYSIS
P LOT R ATI O
ADS Development Control Parameters
PLOT 1 Total Site Area: 1363.53sqm Gross Plot Ratio: 3.0 Maximum Permissible Gross Floor Area: 4090.59sqm Road Buffer: 5m from Jalan Besar, Allenby Road and Tyrwhitt Road Green Buffer: 3m from Jalan Besar, Allenby Road and Tyrwhitt Road Planting Strip: 2.0m all around Building Height Control: 6 Storeys (30m) *If the site is stand-alone, there will be an additional 2m planting strip and a 3m buffer from the common boundary.
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P LOT R ATI O
ADS Development Control Parameters
PLOT 1 Total Site Area: 1363.53sqm Gross Plot Ratio: 3.0 Maximum Permissible Gross Floor Area: 4090.59sqm Road Buffer: 5m from Jalan Besar, Allenby Road and Tyrwhitt Road Green Buffer: 3m from Jalan Besar, Allenby Road and Tyrwhitt Road Planting Strip: 2.0m all around Building Height Control: 6 Storeys (30m) *If the site is not stand-alone, there will not be an additional 2m planting strip and a 3m buffer from the common boundary.
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ANALYSIS
P LOT R ATI O
ADS Development Control Parameters
PLOT 2 Total Site Area: 2208.08sqm Gross Plot Ratio: 3.0 Maximum Permissible Gross Floor Area: 6624.24sqm Road Buffer: 5m from Jalan Besar and Tyrwhitt Road Green Buffer: 3m from Jalan Besar and Tyrwhitt Road Planting Strip: 2.0m all around Building Height Control: 6 Storeys (30m) *If the site is stand-alone, there will be an additional 2m planting strip and a 3m buffer from the common boundary
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ANALYSIS
P LOT R ATI O
ADS Development Control Parameters
PLOT 2 Total Site Area: 2208.08sqm Gross Plot Ratio: 3.0 Maximum Permissible Gross Floor Area: 6624.24sqm Road Buffer: 5m from Jalan Besar and Tyrwhitt Road Green Buffer: 3m from Jalan Besar and Tyrwhitt Road Planting Strip: 2.0m all around Building Height Control: 6 Storeys (30m) *If the site is not stand-alone, there will not be an additional 2m planting strip and a 3m buffer from the common boundary
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ANALYSIS
BUILDING HEIGHT
ADS Development Control Parameters
The topography of the site is generally flat, with Plot 1 slightly lower than Plot 2 and the surroundings, but would not have much impact otherwise.
Each Contour Represents 5m
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BUILDING HEIGHT
ADS Development Control Parameters
The buildings directly adjacent to the site are also mainly low at 2-3 storey a The buildings that will have the greatest impact on the site is the City Square Residences, as they are the tallest and nearest buildings to the site. The open field also means that the site will be more exposed on the South-East, contributing visually relief for users.
High
Low
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ANALYSIS
HEIGHT CONTROL
ADS Development Control Parameters
There is also a maximum building height of 6 storeys in our development, with each storey having a maximum height of 5m. Thus our site will be constrained under 30m. Having this maximum height, our development will also be able to blend into the surrounding buildings
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ANALYSIS
M AT Rhythm of the Site
FINE GRAIN
M AT Urban Grain Analysis
Declared as a conservation district in 1991, part of the fine grid-like planning of Jalan Besar has been retained. These fine grains mostly house shophouses that have weathered through Singapore’s redevelopment. Some of the plots have also been converted to high rise residential and commercial buildings but remain in the fine grids of the plan.
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ANALYSIS
MEDIUM GRAIN
M AT Urban Grain Analysis
Further away from Jalan Besar Road, the urban grain increases in size, housing standalone buildings with more space allocated for roads and pedestrian paths.
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ANALYSIS
COARSE GRAIN
M AT Urban Grain Analysis
In juxtaposition to the fine urban grain, larger coarse grains can be seen distributed in between. These larger plots were planned to construct iconic buildings for recreation and entertainment. Landmarks such as the Jalan Besar Stadium and the City Square Residences that help to orientate users of the area.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Through our analysis, it was evident that these spaces, in addition to giving users a sense of orientation of the place, gives breathing room from the compactness of the rows of shophouses.
SITE
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
M AT Urban Grain Analysis
An analysis of the urban grain in the vicinity of the site evidently shows the planning of the site. The finer grains mostly run along Jalan Besar Road that once played a major role in the trade businesses that existed in the area. Interestingly, larger coarse grains exists within the fine and medium grains, which adds visual relief along the streetscape and establishes prominent landmarks in the area.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
This analysis informs the user of the site two things: the building belongs in a fine urban grain of small shophouses with their defining characteristics and also along a stretch of coarse grains with landmarks.
SITE
ANALYSIS
ROAD CONNECTIONS
M AT Urban Grain Analysis
The iconic Jalan Besar Road acts as the arterial road that serves the smaller lanes along the fine grains of the shophouses. The smaller Allenby Road that serves the site we suspect was carved out of necessity to connect people to the Jalan Besar Stadium and former Victoria School. . The diagonal road contradicts the fairly perpendicular roads in the vicinity.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
As a result, site B is directional in nature and gives the architecture that sits upon it to be a landmark along Jalan Besar Road due to its differentiation from the continuous parallel facade of the shophouses.
SITE
ANALYSIS
FAÇADE RHYTHM
M AT Façade Analysis
C O N T I N U O U S
FAC A D E
Despite the differing facade styles, the architecture along Tyrwhitt Road reads as a continuous facade. The architectural language and dimensions of the facades relates to the predominant shophouses around the area.
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ANALYSIS
FAÇADE RHYTHM
M AT Façade Analysis
~ 3.2m
~ 3.0m ~ 3.0m
~ 3.0m
~ 3.4m
~ 3.5m
~ 3.5m
H O R I Z O N TA L S The horizontal leading lines of the facades are derived from the roofs, windows beams and balconies of the architecture. These predominant lines emphasize the linearity of road and also adds to the continuity of the facade.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
The diagonal Allenby Road creates a bigger punctuation in the horizontal lines and creates visual interest for the site.
FAÇADE RHYTHM
M AT Façade Analysis
~ 6.5m
~ 4.5m
V E R T I C A L S The vertical leading lines of the street are emphasized by the regularly spaced columns of the buildings and the shophouses. The verticality of the facade adds rhythm and offsets the horizontality of the site.
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ANALYSIS
~ 5m
FAÇADE RHYTHM
M AT Façade Analysis
G R I D These lines form a grid system that form the unwritten architectural language of the site. A building with a facade that goes against these boundaries will seem out of place along the street.
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ANALYSIS
FAÇADE MATER I ALS
M AT A n a l y s i s o f M a t e r i a l s & Tex t u r e s
Aged Plaster Finish Ceramic Mosaic Tiles Exposed Brick Plaster Paint Finish
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ANALYSIS
FAÇADE MATER I ALS
M AT A n a l y s i s o f M a t e r i a l s & Tex t u r e s
Painted Concrete Ceramic Mosaic Tiles Plaster Paint Finish Plaster Paint Finish + Embossed Ceramic Tiles
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ANALYSIS
FLOOR I NG MATER I ALS
M AT Façade Analysis Ceramic Tiles
Staggered Ceramic Tiles
Small ceramic tiles with glossy finishes are less welcoming in nature and prevents users from lingering on.
Artificial Turf
Mosaic Ceramic Tiles
Aggregate Finish Flooring along the site mainly consists of materials that have been used in the past. Terracotta tiles and ceramic tiles in the form of small mosaic pieces are used, depending on the owner of the property
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Cement
Screed
SITE
ANALYSIS
Mosaic tiles were used to establish social status of a shophouse in the past but now, it lends itself as visual interest, and creates a fast pasted rhythm in the establishment.
Terracotta Tiles The warmth and matte finish that the terracotta tiles bring adds encourages one to linger longer along the paths.
IMPERFECTIONS
M AT Façade Analysis
In addition to the colours, the use of traditional materials and patterns, the imperfections in the façade of the buildings add to Jalan Besar’s charm. Often, owners of shophouses fully refurbish the property to restore its vibrancy. In contrast, some owners choose to let the shophouse weather with time, leaving paint chips, worn out tiles and peeling plaster exposed. These imperfections gives users a glimpse of Jalan Besar’s rustic past. Building on the site should weather and age over time, together with the shophouses.
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ANALYSIS
F A Ç A D E PAT T E R N S
M AT A n a l y s i s o f M a t e r i a l s & Tex t u r e s
Continuous pitched terracotta roof Emphasised structural features that are more ornamental Though second floor is recessed to create balcony, solid + void is maintained through the columns that visually create a surface
Equal second and first storey division with strong transfer beam with signages
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ANALYSIS
Less ornamental, instead replaced by functional vertical sun-shading features that maintains strong vertical rhythm of site Interprets open balconies of surrounding shophouses as solid wall; creates differentiation while maintaining relation to neighbours
Continues the continuous horizontal leading lines of shophouses
F A Ç A D E PAT T E R N S
M AT A n a l y s i s o f M a t e r i a l s & Tex t u r e s
Slightly pitched terracotta roofs creates a continuous band along the street and contributes to the continuous façade.
Protruded balconies with minimal ornamentation creates a continuous band that directs one’s focus to each shophouse along the street, guiding users along the chamfered edges and the adjacent buildings.
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ANALYSIS
Despite the recessed openings of the second floor, solids and voids are maintained through the use of timber window frames and balconies that create a solid façade on the second floor, contrasting the recessed but open first floor
F A Ç A D E PAT T E R N S
M AT A n a l y s i s o f M a t e r i a l s & Tex t u r e s Protruded window frames mimic balconies of shophouses Maintains rhythm with the pronounced partiwalls Materials used reflects modern shophouses, with no ornamentation
Mimics pitched, terracotta roof of shophouses and creates a band that emphasizes the corners of a plot.
Uses traditional materials from around the site: small ceramic tiles and bricks for facade
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Replicates the familiar solid and void massing of a shophouse through use of exposed brick and protrusion of balconies.
SITE
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
M AT A n a l y s i s o f M a t e r i a l s & Tex t u r e s The materials used also influences the kind of establishment one wants to achieve. Paint finish with pastel tones and terracotta proves to be the success of places that encourages interaction and lingering while glossy ceramic finishes and bare plaster finishes in aged whites fastens one’s pace along the road
Despite the varying style of shophouses along Jalan Besar, their characteristic continuity remains ubiquitous. It is through the strong reinforcement of the structural members that creates a steady rhythm throughout the site. It has influenced buildings outside of the shophouse typology. Wavering from the underlying language of the site will result in a building that is culturally insensitive and architecturally unpleasing.
Mimicry Reinterpretation
Maintain Continuity
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Ornamentation Increase Rhythm
SITE
Reinterpretation Maintaining Rhythm
ANALYSIS
ES Environmental Analysis
INTRODUCTION
ES We a t h e r D a t a
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
Singapore
London, United Kingdom
Population Density: 8,188 people / km2 Climate: Tropical Rainforest Seasons: None
Population Density: 1,510 people / km2 Climate: Temperate Oceanic Seasons: Four
SITE
ANALYSIS
TEMP ER ATUR E
ES We a t h e r D a t a
SINGAPORE Mean Max Temperature (°C)
LONDON
Mean Min Temperature (°C)
35 °C
35 °C
30 °C
30 °C
25 °C
25 °C
20 °C
20 °C
15 °C
15 °C
10 °C
10 °C 5 °C
5 °C
0 °C
0 °C
JAN
FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT NOV DEC
JAN
FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Singapore’s temperature is high and constant, requiring the need to minimize sunlight/heat.
London’s temperature varies through the year, from a cold winter to nearly being as hot as Singapore in the summer.
STRATEGIES • Avenues for evaporative cooling • Sun shading devices – louvers etc
STRATEGIES • Adaptive facades systems – that responses accordingly to the different varying temperatures
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
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ANALYSIS
HUMIDITY
ES We a t h e r D a t a
LONDON
SINGAPORE Mean Max Humidity (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Mean Min Humidity (%)
J A N F E B M A R A PR M A Y J UN J UL A UG S E P OC T NOV DE C
Mean Max Humidity (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Mean Min Humidity (%)
J A N F E B M A R A PR M A Y J UN J UL A UG S E P OC T NOV D E C
Singapore’s humidity is high and constant, particularly due to the its relation to Singapore’s high rainfall.
London’s humidity is nearly as high as Singapore but dips in the summer, particularly due to a decrease of rainfall.
STRATEGIES • Cross/ natural ventilation for the wind to distribute the humidity
STRATEGIES • Cross/ natural ventilation for the wind to distribute the humidity • Planted areas / greenery to retain moisture during the summer
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
PRECIPITATION
ES We a t h e r D a t a
SINGAPORE
LONDON
Precipitation (mm)
Precipitation (mm)
350
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
J A N F E B M A R A PR M A Y J UN J UL A UG S E P OC T NOV DE C
J A N F E B M A R A PR M A Y J UN J UL A UG S E P OC T NOV D E C
Singapore’s precipitation is high and plentiful. Rainfall is even heavier during the monsoon period (November to January)
London’s precipitation is relatively more constant than Singapore’s but is much lower.
STRATEGIES • Rainwater tanks to take advantage of the high rainfall • Sheltered areas • Planted areas / greenery to take advantage of the high rainfall
STRATEGIES • Rainwater tanks to maximize water • Planted areas / greenery to retain the moisture.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
WIND ROSE
ES We a t h e r D a t a
SINGAPORE
LONDON
Wind mainly flows from the Northeast / South directions.
Wind mainly flows from only the Southwest direction.
STRATEGIES • Openings along the North-South areas for natural ventilation
STRATEGIES • Openings along the South-West areas for natural ventilation
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
S U N PAT H
ES We a t h e r D a t a
SINGAPORE
LONDON
Sun is mainly shining from the East/West and usually up high in the sky.
Sun is mainly shining from the south and at a much lower angle in the sky
STRATEGIES • North-South Orientation • Sun-Shading / Minimum openings for EastWest Areas
STRATEGIES • Sun-shading / Minimum openings for Southfacing Areas • Extended overhangs to cover the lowangled sun
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
B I OCLI MATI C CHAR T
ES Environmental Analysis
■ 0.0% ■ 28.7% ■ 1.3% ■ 0.7% ■ 98.1%
Comfort Sun Shading of Windows Dehumidification Only Fan-Forced Ventilation Cooling Cooling, add Dehumidification if needed
SINGAPORE 惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
■ 4.9% ■ 4.5% ■ 1.5% ■ 27.1% ■ 9.5% ■ 1.0% ■ 61.4%
Comfort Sun Shading of Windows High Thermal Mass Internal Heat Gain Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass Wind Protection of Outdoor Spaces Heating, add Humidification if needed
LONDON
DES I GN S TR ATEGI ES
ES Environmental Analysis
LONDON Case Study: Architect:
Jubilee Library, Brighton Bennetts Associates Lomax Cassidy & Edwards
•
Five metre high wind towers on the roof, draws sea breezes to cool down the building during the summer.
•
South-facing glazed glass windows with louvred screens reduces glare and solar gain in the summer while gathering the sun’s heat in the winter.
•
Concrete floors are laced with hollow tubes to store heat during the winter and cool air during the summer
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
DES I GN S TR ATEGI ES
ES Environmental Analysis
SINGAPORE Case Study: Architect:
NTU School of Art, Design and Media CPG Consultants Pte Ltd
•
Green roof absorbs heat and help to reduce the temperature of the building during the day.
•
Reflective pool at the centre courtyard provides a source of cool air through evaporative cooling.
•
Double glazed glass curtain wall facade provides an ample source of daylight for the interior spaces, while reducing heat and glare.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
EQUINOX 21 March
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ES Shadow Analysis
ANALYSIS
JUNE SOLSTICES 21 June
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
ES Shadow Analysis
DECEMBER SOLSTICES 21 December
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
ES Shadow Analysis
NORTH-NORTH-EAST WINDS
ES Wind Flow Analysis
1m/s
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
13m/s
SITE
ANALYSIS
SOUTH-WEST WINDS
ES Wind Flow Analysis
1m/s
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
13m/s
SITE
ANALYSIS
WIND FLOW MASSING
ES Massing
FUNNELING
Massing is split accordingly to channel the wind movement from North and South. Curved surfaces help to funnel wind further to the centre of the site. Addition of water feature along the funnel aids in reducing heat of wind flowing through.
S-W WINDS
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
N-N-E WINDS
DAY L I G H T M A S S I N G
ES Massing
SPLITTING
Splitting the massing ensures more surfaces are exposed to daylight. Orientation of the massing towards the northsouth direction also ensures that the daylight primarily comes from in-direct sunlight.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
SHADOW MASSING
ES Massing
STACKING & SLANTING
Stacking layers that overlap one another helps create overhangs that shades the lower portion of the facade. Downwards slant of the facade ensures the facade isn’t exposed to direct-sunlight. And the outward protrusion also allows the façade to shade itself.
惹蘭勿剎 JALAN BESAR
SITE
ANALYSIS
End.