Urban Precinct Studio - Precinct Structure Plan Clayton

CLAYTON

Healthy Precinct

CLAYTON HEALTHY PRECINCT P R E C IN C T S T R U C T U R E PLA N A l y s e K n a p e // 7 5 9 0 2 1

PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN This Structure Plan was prepared as part of the Urban Precinct Studio capstone at The University of Melbourne.

The following work was guided by Healthy Precinct Studio leader Leila Farahani with contributions to site analyis and issues & opportunities by fellow group members.

The PSP aims to respond to the Studio brief which ‘aims to enhance physical and mental health and wellbeing to improve liveability and sustainability of urban communities while enhancing residents lived experiences’ .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chelci Cox 832647 Michael Berrill 721534 Sarah Martinussen 762583 Sarah Matthews 836125 2

Alyse Knape

759021 knapealyse@gmail.com

Contents Part Six: Proposals

Part One: Introduction Context + Location

6

Health + Access Proposals

38

Demographics

8

Connectivity Proposals

46

Housing + Development Proposals

52

Part Two: Site Analysis Land Use + Facilities

10

Part Seven: Implementation

Housing + Neighbourhood Character

15

Implementation Timelines

58

Sustainability + Connectivity

20

Implementation Visuals

63

Part Eight: To Conclude

Part Three: Issues + Opportunities Health + Access

28

Concluding Remarks

66

Connectivity

30

References

67

Housing + Development

31

Table of Figures

Part Four: Vision Vision Statement

34

Part Five: Principles + Precedents Guiding Principles

36

Guiding Precedents

37

Figure 1; Greater Melbourne Context (S.Martinussen) Figure 2; Precinct Outline (S.Martinussen) Figure 3; LGA Context Map (S.Martinussen & A.Knape) Figure 4; Local Context Map (S.Martinussen) Figure 5; Zoning Map (C.Cox) Figure 6; Land Use Map (C.Cox) Figure 7; Overlays Map (C.Cox) Figure 8; Public Facilities Map (M.Berrill) Figure 9; Land Use Scale Comparison Map (S.Martinussen) Figure 10; Streetscape Sections Map (M.Berrill) Figure 11; Clayton Rd Streetscape (M.Berrill) Figure 12; Marty St Streetscape (M.Berrill) Figure 13; Clayton Rd South Streetscape (M.Berrill) Figure 14; Housing Types Map (S.Martinussen & A. Knape) Figure 15; Seperate House (M.Berril) Figure 16; Townhouse (M.Berrill) Figure 17; Flats (M.Berrill) Figure 18; Building Heights Map (S.Martinussen) Figure 19; Built Form Outcomes Map (A.Knape & C.Cox)

3

P.6 P.6 P.7 P.7 P.11 P.11 P.11 P.12 P.13 P.14 P.14 P.14 P.14 P.16 P.16,17 P.16,17 P.16,17 P.18 P.19

Figure 20; Overall Transport Map (S.Matthews) Figure 21; Method of Travel to Work (ABS) Figure 22; Clayton Railway Station Skyrail (C.Cox) Figure 23 Clayton Railway Station Entrance (C.Cox) Figure 24; Walkability Catchment Maps (A.Knape) Figure 25; PT Walkability Catchment Maps (S.Matthews) Figure 26; Traffic Volume Map (S.Matthews) Figure 27; Car Parking Map (S.Matthews) Figure 28; Residental on-street car parking (M.Berrill) Figure 29; Medical Centre Car Parking (M.Berrill) Figure 30; Clayton Road on-street car parking (M.Berrill) Figure 30; Fregon reserve car park (M.Berrill) Figure 31; Health Stats (Department of Health, 2016) Figure 33; Street Tree within Precinct Figure 34; Low Tree Density on Clayton Road Figure 35; Inhibited Pedestrian Walkways Figure 36; Preference for Cars in Commercial Strip Figure 38; Clayton Rd South Streetscape (M.Berrill) Figure 39; Bike Faciities Map (S. Matthews) Figure 40; Medical Facilities (M. Berrill) Figure 41; On Street Parking Wright St (M. Berrill) Figure 42; Medical Centre Car Park (M. Berrill) Figure 43; Connection Opportunity (S. Matthews) Figure 44; Clayton Railway Station Figure 45; Monash Univeristy Figure 46, Pattern of residential subdivision in the precinct (Vicmaps) Figure 47; Health and Access Before Map (A.Knape) Figure 48; Health and Access After Map (A.Knape) Figure 49; Green Space Map (A.Knape) Figure 50; Existing Fregon Reserve Figure 51; Activated Fregon Reserve Opportunity Figure 52; Existing Clayton Rd Figure 53; Activated Clayton St Opportunity Figure 54; Clayton Rd Current (Nearmap, 2018) Figure 55; Clayton Rd Proposed (A.Knape) Figure 56; Play Streets (Play Streets) Figure 57; Play Streets (Play Streets) Figure 58; Children’s Play and Independent Mobility (Kryiask, 2018) Figure 59; Bike Infrastructure & Facilities Map (A.Knape) Figure 60; Bus Bike Racks, Canada Figure 61; Bike Share Dock System, UK Figure 62; Connectivity Before Map (A.Knape) Figure 63; Connectivity After Map (A.Knape) Figure 64; Active Connections Map (A.Knape) Figure 65; Before and After Streetscapes (A.Knape Figure 66; Maximum Car Parking (City of Moreland, 2016) Figure 67; Housing & Development Before Map (A.Knape) Figure 68; Housing & Development After Map (A.Knape) Figure 69; Strategic Land Use Plan (A.Knape) Figure 70; Play Streets Sketch (A.Knape) Figure 71; Play Streets Render (A.Knape) Figure 72; Proposed Pedestrian Crossing Re-Design Sketch (A.Knape) Figure 73; Proposed Pedestrian Crossing Clayton Rd Render (A.Knape) Figure 74; Shop Top Apartments Sketch (A.Knape) Figure 75; Shop-Top Apartment to create ‘Eyes on the Street’ (A.Knape)

P.21 P.21 P.21 P.21 P.23 P.24 P.25 P.26 P.26 P.26 P.26 P.26 P.28 P.28 P.28 P.29 P.29 P.29 P.29 P.30 P.31 P.31 P.31 P.31 P.31 P.32 P.39 P.39 P.40 P.41 P.41 P.41 P.41 P.42 P.42 P.43 P.43 P.43 P.44 P45.

P.45 P.47 P.47 P.48 P.50 P.50 P.52 P.52 P.53 P.63 P.63 P.64 P.64 P.65 P.65

01

Clayton Road Streetscape The public realm is overrun by private vehicles and pedestrians are not prioritised.

Sketch by A.Knape

4

5

SITE ANALYSIS

CONTEXT +

CONTEXT + DEMOGRAPHICS

GREATER MELBOURNE CONTEXT

20km Melbourne CBD

Monash Clayton

THE PRECINCT

Melbourne Metropolitan Region

LGA

100

200m

The Clayton precinct was chosen for its inclusion of the Monash Medical Centre and it’s residential, commercial and public-use zones. The 95 hectare precinct is bound by North Rd to the north, Browns Rd to the east, Centre Rd to the south and Clayton Rd to the west. The Monash University sits just north of the precinct.

The precinct forms parts of the Monash National Employment Cluster and is located 20 kilometres south-east of the Melbourne CBD.

Clayton

Figure 1; Greater Melbourne Context (S.Martinussen)

0

Figure 2; Precinct Outline (S.Martinussen)

MAP BY SARAH MARTINUSSEN

6

The precinct is reachable via the Pakenham and Cranbourne railway lines, with Clayton Railway Station located in the south-west of the precinct.

Ya rr a

Melbourn e

Boroondara

Po

Sto n

rt P hi

nin

lli

Alt 1

Whitehorse

gto

1

p

n M1

Monash

Knox

2

Glen Eir a M1

Baysid e

10k m

Alt 1

2k m

5k m

Clayton

Kingston

Clayton Station Melbourne Central Station Roads LGA’s Pakenham/ Cranbourne Railway Line Port Phillip Bay Precinct

3

Pakenham Station Monash Freeway

Greater Dandenon g

4

Monash Precinct 95 ha

Dandenong Road

Area Outside Monash

Waterway

5

05

10km

Figure 3; LGA Context Map (S.Martinussen & A.Knape)

0

1

2km

1 2 3 4 5

Chadstone ShopMonash University Baxter Landfill TPI Clayton Moorabbin Airport

Figure 4; Local Context Map (S.Martinussen)

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

During the 1850’s, Clayton was a farming district.

Residential subdivision of farming land begun predominantly after World War II.

The construction of a railway line through the suburb prompted its growth and attracted residents.

Monash University has become arguably the most significant feature of Clayton. Whilst the suburb is named Clayton, it is home to Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, and is situated in the City of Monash local government.

7

SITE ANALYSIS

LOCAL CONTEXT CONTEXT +

LGA CONTEXT

Who?

Where?

What?

POPULATION OF

20,611 (ABS, 2016)

+ 14. 8%

C L AY TO N P O P U L AT I O N 2016-2036 FORECAST ID 2018

25

MEDIAN AGE

(36 for Greater Melbourne)

+ 32. 4%

+ 24 .6 %

P OP U L AT I O N U N D E R WORKING AGE

P O P U L ATION OF R E T I R E MENT AGE

FORECAST ID 2018

FORECAST ID 2018

2016-2036

DIVERSE BACKGROUNDS

2 7 - 5 0 M IN S from CBD

2016 - 2 0 3 6

+ 77 DWELLI NGS PER ANNUM INCREASE 2016-2036 FORECAST ID 2018

8

2 9 M IN S

from Melbourne Central

Clayton is an established suburb comprising residential, commercial, public use and recreational land uses. The precinct has a median age of 25, attributed to the precinct’s proximity to the Monash University just outside the precinct to the north.

The precinct also includes young families, professionals, and an ageing population. The precinct is diverse in terms of its cultural and religious backgrounds.

Population growth is expected to be relatively minimal in Clayton in the next 20 years, with a 14.8% increase

forecasted (Forecast ID, 2018). It is noted that all population predictions across Melbourne have been grossly underestimated and so this figure is interpreted as the minimal growth number for the precinct.

Significantly, the demographic make-up of the precinct is expected to shift between now and 2036, with forecasted increases in the population under the working age (children, 32.4% increase), and the population of retirement age (65+, 24.6% increase).

This demographic change places pressure on Clayton to 9

become liveable and healthy for a wide range of residents and to ensure provisions for a healthy precinct are targeted at children, young professionals and older residents. The precinct structure plan must therefore address these groups specifically in order to ensure the precinct can transform into a healthy precinct which is equitable and diverse.

It is noted that the population and census data analysed in this report was measured for the whole suburb of Clayton, whereas the precinct does not extend to this entire suburb.

SITE ANALYSIS

CONTEXT + THE DEMOGRAPHIC

SITE ANALYSIS The Site Analysis section was undertaken in groups and involved identifying the site, analysing the physical conditions through site visits, and beginning to understand the demographic characteristics of Clayton through desktop research.

LAND USE + FACILITIES

10

H RD

TO N R D

RGZ3

NO RT

H RD

C L AY

PPRZ

NS R D

O VER L AYS o n s i te i n c l u d e th e D e s i g n a n d D e v e l o p me n t, H e ri ta g e , a n d Sp e c i a l Bu i l d i n g O v e rl a y s .

BR O W

NS R D

C L AY

TO N RD

BR O W

PUZ6

RGZ3

Figure 7; Overlays Map (C.Cox)

PUZ4

ZONING + LAND USE

G GRZ2 C1 Z

CENT R E RD

R ESID EN TIAL GR OWTH ZON E 3

RE S I DE NTI A L

GEN ER AL R ESID EN TIAL ZON E 2

ME DI CA L

C OM M ER C IAL 1 ZON E

COMME RCI A L

PU BL IC U SE ZON E 6

P UB LI C US E

PU BL IC PAR K & R EC R EATION ZON E

RE CRE ATI ON

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY PU BL IC U SE ZON E 4 IN D U STR IAL 1 ZON E

Figure 5; Zoning Map (C.Cox)

The boundaries of the site have been selected to include a range of zones, which is reflective in the range of land uses available. The presence ofresidential, commercial, public use, and recreational zones demonstrates a wide range of site activities and the potential for a range of development opportunities.

CENT R E RD

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY

LOCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

LOCAL ROADS 0

100

200

PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

Figure 6; Land Use Map (C.Cox)

11

0

100

200

The site is well located to shops and services such as Monash University and Chadstone Shopping Centre, and the commercial zoning in the south-west corner of the site, where many rundown shops are present indicates potential for the site to reinvigorate the precinct.

SITE ANALYSIS

NO RT

CONTEXT +

Zoning & Land Use

Public Facilities

BR O W NS

RD

C L AY

Within the Monash Health Precinct there is a private hospital co-located. This supports the creation of a cohesive medical precinct. Indeed, these private medical centres make up the bulk of our privately owned public facilities.

Within the precinct, there is a single green space in the form of Fregon reserve. In addition, there is a small public garden, which forms part of the Clayton Community Centre.

H RD

TO N R D

N O RT

Parking is a substantial facility within our precinct. The significant area dedicated to vehicle parking is primarily aimed at accommodating people who are attending the medical facilities in the precinct. This is evident due to the location of the available parking.

V E H I C L E PA R K I N G

The suburb of Clayton hosts the Monash Medical Precinct. This area is largely taken up by the Monash Hospital. This hospital is a public major metropolitan hospital comprising of facilities in support of maternity, children’s health, oncology, and mental health.

G R E E N S PA C E

MEDICAL PRECINCT

CENTRE

Figure 8; Public Facilities Map (M.Berrill)

The commercial space situated at the southern end of Clayton Road, within the precinct, has approximately 100 shops.

These shops range from butchers to restaurants and cafes.

R D

C O M M E R C I A L S PA C E

St Peters Primary School is the only school located within the precinct. This distinct lack of schools within the precinct is further compounded by the lack of public and independent education available within the area. Additionally, this school is a non-government shool, afilliated with one religious demographic that is incommensurate with the area’s population. In turn, this creates a less inclusive educational environment.

12

P R I VAT E LY O W N E D P U B L I C S PA C E

COMMUNITY BUILDINGS

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY L OCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY L INE

MAP & ANALYSIS BY MICHAEL BERRILL

H RD

BROW

C L AY T

NS RD

ON RD

GREEN SPACE 35,500 sq. m

PR

CARPARK 14,500 sq. m IN

C

ES

H

W

Y

MONASH CHILDRENS HOSPITAL 36,500 sq.m

MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE 81,180 sq. m AVERAGE RESIDENTIAL BLOCK 715 sq. m

LAND USE SCALE

The established nature of the Clayton precinct limits the land available for AVERAGE COMMERCIAL BLOCK 235 sq. m future development.

CENT

RE RD

MAP BY SARAH MARTINUSSEN

Figure 9; Land Use Scale Comparison Map (S.Martinussen)

PRECINCT

Opportunities for future development at scale is presented in the large presence of car parking in the precinct. The strategic land-use plan for the precinct has been made with this in mind.

This comparison also highlights the lack of green space in the precinct, and the size of land taken by the Medical Centre facilities.

SURROUNDING AREA CADASTRAL BOUNDARY PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE

13

SITE ANALYSIS

NORT

CONTEXT +

Land Use Scale Comparison

Streetscapes NORT

H RD

Figure 11; Clayton Rd Streetscape (M.Berrill)

CLAYTON ROAD NORTH

BROWN

S RD

C L AY

TON R D

Clayton Road is a major arterial road within the precinct. At the north end of the road, there is an area of mainly residential housing. This residential area takes up both sides of the dual carriage way. Additionally, within this area, pedestrians enjoy wide, expansive footpaths.

Figure 12; Mary St Streetscape (M.Berrill)

MARY STREET

Mary Street is a typical residential street within the precinct. St Peters Primary School lines the left side of the street, while the carpark for St Peters church lines the other side of the road.

CENTR

E RD

Figure 10; Streetscape Sections Map (M.Berrill)

STREETSCAPES Clayton Road is a main feature within the Clayton precinct. It is a major thoroughfare within the precinct as well as housing a commercial shopping strip and providing access to both Clayton Train Station and the Monash Medical Centre.

0

100

200

Travelling from south to north within the precinct along Clayton Road, sees a change in context from commercial streetscape in the south to residential in the north. This single dwelling residential area is characteristic of Clayton’s low density housing, whilst illustrating the need to have easy access to shops

located on the same arterial road.

Figure 13; Clayton Rd South Streetscape (M.Berrill)

Mary Street was selected to showcase a typical residential street within the precinct, with a single lane travelling in either direction.

The south end of Clayton Road is a dual carriage way, much like the north end. However, there is a commercial strip of shops and additional 45 degree parking on either side of the road. Shops range in height from one to three storeys, with parking at the rear of the shops for shop employees only.

CLAYTON ROAD SOUTH

PAGE BY MICHAEL BERRILL 14

15

SITE ANALYSIS

CONTEXT +

HOUSING + NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARACTER

Housing Types 38.7%

Seperate houses comapred to 73.2% for Victoria

Figure 15; Seperate House (M.Berril)

43.8%

Semi-detached, Townhouses and Subdivided blocks, compared to 14.2% for Victoria.

Figure 16; Townhouse (M.Berrill)

CADASTRE BOUNDARY

16.7%

Flats or Apartments compared to 11.6% for Victoria.

SEMI DETACHED / SUBDIVISION SEPERATE HOUSE

FLAT/ APARTMENT

Figure 14; Housing Types Map (S.Martinussen & A. Knape)

Figure 17; Flats (M.Berrill)

NON-RESIDENTIAL GREEN SPACE SURROUNDING AREA PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

16

MAP BY SARAH MARTINUSSEN & ALYSE KNAPE ANALYSIS BY ALYSE KNAPE

RENT

MONASH

22.6% 60.8%

The vast majority of Clayton residents rent their properties.

The median weekly rent costs residents

$360

$$$

$

Figure 15; Seperate House (M.Berril)

HOUSING Over 60% of Clayton residents rent, with the median rental price being $360 per week. Crucially, 33.1% of residents spend more than 30% of their income on rent, placing a significant portion of residents in Clayton in housing stress.

(2016 Quick Stats)

16% of residents contribute $1,799 on average to their mortgage per week, with 5.2% of these residents contributing more than 30% of their income to mortgage repayments, placing these residents in housing stress.

Figure 16; Townhouse (M.Berrill)

(2016 Quick Stats)

33.1%

of Clayton residents who rent are in

Housing Stress.

Compared to 27.8% for Monash and 10.4% for Vic

Housing types vary, with predominantly semi-detached and townhouses throughout the precinct. Dwellings are predominantly one to two-storey developments with a small number of flats and apartment buildings reaching

Figure 17; Flats (M.Berrill)

ANALYSIS BY ALYSE KNAPE 17

SITE ANALYSIS

CLAYTON

CHARACTER There is no strong sense of neighbourhood character present throughout the precint.

Setbacks, built form and vegetation vary without any clear consistencies. Street activiation is minimal with residential streets being dominated by traffic and on-street car parking.

CONTEXT +

Housing Assessment

Building Heights H RD

BROW

NS RD

C L AY

TON R D

NORT

BUILDING HEIGHTS The predominant 1-3 storey building height across the suburb is reflective of its development as a low-density residential suburb, typically with one or two dwellings per lot.

1 STOREY 2 STORIES

The building height does not exceed three storeys across the precinct, other than the Monash Medical Centre buildings which range up to four storeys.

3 STORIES 4 STORIES CENTR

E RD

Figure 18; Building Heights Map (S.Martinussen)

GREEN SPACE

0

100

200

CAR PARKING

This low-scale of building

MAP BY SARAH MARTINUSSEN 18

heights may be reflective of the zoning controls of the area (see next page), however since the suburb began developing before these controls were introduced, the low-scale may be interpreted as the preferred dwelling type for residents over the last 50 years.

This may be reflective of the ‘Australian Dream’ ideal whereby residents sought detached dwellings on a lot with a backyard.

H RD

TON R D

The General Residential Zone (GRZ3) determines a maximum building

All other zones in the precinct contain

no height limits.

13.5m.

BROW

NS RD

C L AY

height of 11m.

The Residential Growth Zone (RGZ1) determines a maximum building height of

BUILT FORM OUTCOMES CENTR

E RD

Figure 19; Built Form Outcomes Map (A.Knape & C.Cox) RESIDENTIAL GROWTH ZONE 1

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY

GENERAL RESIDENTIAL ZONE 2

LOCAL ROADS

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

MAP & ANALYSIS BY CHELCI COX & ALYSE KNAPE

0

100

200

19

Our precinct is dominated by residential zones with height limits of 11 metres (GRZ3) and 13.5 metres (RGZ1)

gest opportunity for change in residential areas being redevelopment of individual lots.

Understanding these height controls gives an insight into the current low-density, low-scale built form outcomes across the precinct, (refer to Building Heights Map).

The suburb is well established with the big-

The lack of height controls in commercial zones presents an opportunity to increase densities and include more mixed-use development in the precinct.

SITE ANALYSIS

NORT

CONTEXT +

Built Form Outcomes

SUSTAINABILITY + TRANSPORT

20

CONTEXT +

Clayton Railway Station

Method of travel to work Walk

Bike Car Bus

Figure 22; Clayton Railway Station Skyrail (C.Cox)

rain 0%

10%

20%

30%

Monash

40%

50%

60%

70%

Clayton

Figure 21; Method of Travel to Work (ABS)

Figure 23 Clayton Railway Station Entrance (C.Cox)

TRANSPORT SNAPSHOT

Figure 20; Overall Transport Map (S.Matthews)

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY 0

LOCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE BUS ROUTES 631, 703 & 733 BUS ROUTES 704, 821 & 824 BUS ROUTES 631, 703, 704, 733, 821

100

200

The majority (50.7% of residents in Clayton travel to work via car (driver or passenger), according to ABS 2016.

Subsequently, as there are no bicycle tracks or paths within the precinct the number of people who cycled to work very low at only 0.9% (“Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Community profile”, 2018).

There were a number of changes in the methods in which people travelled to work BUS ROUTE 630, 631, 703 & 733 from 2011 to 2016 which further reflected the car dependency within the area.

19 MAP & ANALYSIS BY SARAH MATTHEWS Between 2011 and 2016 there was an

BUS ROUTES 800, 802, 804 & 862

21

increase of 258 people who drove to work and a decrease of 24 people who travelled by bus to work (“Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Community profile”, 2018).

The Clayton railway station is a major node within the precinct and supports the Cranbourne and Pakenham line. The trains run every 5 to 10 minutes during the peak time of 7am to 9am on weekdays and the journey to Flinders Street Station only takes 27 minutes on average. (“Timetables - Public Transport Victoria”, 2018).

These factors may have influenced the increase in the number of people using the train to travel to work. In 2016 158 more people were using the train as their main form of transportation to work than 2011 (“Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Community profile”, 2018

SITE ANALYSIS

Transport Snapshot

Walkability & Access

ONLY ONE MAJOR SUPERMARKET IN CLAYTON // NOT ACCESSIBLE BY FOOT TO WHOLE PRECINCT

P e d e s t r i a n A c c es s t o C omm erc ial A r e a s The precinct displays a relatively poor level of walkability, with minimal active transport options to retail and supermarkets.

The frequency and location of bus services in the precinct, being located predominantly along the west boundary (Clayton Road), further inhibits residents to the north and north-east of the precinct to access these facilities via walking or PT. The commercial precinct to the south of our precinct (Centre Rd) offers the only major supermarket in Clayton.

ONLY ONE OPEN SPACE RESERVE IN CLAYTON // NOT ACCESSIBLE BY FOOT TO WHOLE PRECINCT

4.85 HA OCCUPIED BY CAR 20.2% OF RESIDENTS ARE

PARKING FOR MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE.

Pe d e stria n Acce ss to Me d ica l Fa ciliti e s & Ca r Pa rkin g Imp a cts Our precinct has excellent levels of medical and health facilities, with the Monash Medical Centre and additional medical services being located within the precinct.

Car parking takes up a significant portion of our precinct, with 4.85 ha of our 100ha site occupied by parking lots associated with the Medical Centre alone.

The extent of the at-grade car parking associated with the Medical Centre also creates a significant impedance on the walkability of the overall precinct as through-connections are not provided for pedestrians.

AGED BETWEEN 0 AND 19.

Ch i l d r e n ’s I n d e p e n d e n t Mo b i l i t y Children aged 0-14 make up 9% of Clayton’s population, and an additional 11.2% are aged between 15 and 19 years of age. According to Freeman & Tranter (2011), Children’s Independent Mobility is an important factor in health, physical, social and mental development of children. This walkability assessment indicates a lack of key public transport and cycling infrastructure which impedes CIM, especially for residents to the north of the precinct, impacting overall health and wellbeing of a significant portion of the population.

400 metre catchments are considered appropriate for children’s ability level, however the topography of the precinct and lack of infrastructure to the north and north-east of the precinct may also generate further independent mobility impedance by encouraging parents to drive their children to school / curricular activities etc.

ANALYSIS BY ALYSE KNAPE 22

T R A I N S TAT I O N C H I L D 400M

T R A I N S TAT I O N A D U LT 800M

CONTEXT +

G R E E N S PA C E 800M

FREGON RESERVE ADULT WALKABILITY CATCHMENT

MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE ENTRANCE ADULT WALKABILITY CATCHMENT

MEDICAL CENTRE 800M

COMMERCIAL STRIP 400M

P R I M A RY S C H O O L C H I L D 400M

ST PETER’S PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILD WALKABILITY CATCHMENT

CLAYTON STATION EXIT ADULT WALKABILITY CATCHMENT CHILD WALKABILITY CATCHMENT COMMERICAL STRIP ADULT WALKABILITY CATCHMENT MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

0

Figure 24; Walkability Catchment Maps (A.Knape)

100

200

MAP & ANALYSIS BY ALYSE KNAPE 23

SITE ANALYSIS

WALKABILITY CATCHMENTS

PT Walkability Catchments BUS STOPS

BUS STOPS

BUS STOPS

BUS STOP WALKABILITY OVERALL

N O RT

H RD

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY TO N RD

LOCAL ROADS C L AY

PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE BR O W NS

RD

BUS ROUTES 631, 703 & 733

BUS STOPS

BUS STOPS

BUS ROUTES 704, 821 & 824

BUS STOPS

BUS ROUTES 631, 703, 704, 733, 821 BUS ROUTES 800, 802, 804 & 862 BUS ROUTE 630, 631, 703 & 733 BUS ROUTE 800 CENTRE R

D

0

100

200

Figure 25; PT Walkability Catchment Maps (S.Matthews)

PT WALKABILITY The walkability to the bus stops in the precinct is a vital factor for the number of people that will use this from of transportation. The walkability measured on the graphs above is for an adult and is set at 800 The walkability to thebybus distance be setto at distance to a bus stop metres, measured thestops streetinroutesstops whichthe would need would to be taken accessunwalkable the bus stop.

For children thewalking precinct is a vital factor for the 400 metres, meaning the walkabilor only in a walkable distance to to these bus stops the distance would be set at 400 metres, meaning the walkability of the precinct number that will this ity of the precinct would be even one bus stop which only facilitates would of bepeople even lower thanuse what is shown. from of transportation. lower than what is shown.

3 bus routes,thus lacking access to the other 10 bus which run It can be seen on the maps that 5 out of the 6 different bus stops and corresponding routes lackroutes walkable The walkability the of theItprecinct. can be seen on theofmaps that is either through theunwalkable precinct (“Timetables access to the measured south-east on corner This corner the precinct in an disPublic Transport 2018). graphs is for and 5 out of the to 6 different bus stops tanceabove to a bus stopanoradult only in a walkable distance one bus stop which only facilitates 3 busVictoria”, routes,thus is set at 800 metres, measured by routes and which corresponding routes lack (“Timetables - Public Transport lacking access to the other 10 bus run through the precinct 2018).which would need walkable access to the south-east theVictoria”, street routes to be taken to access the bus stop. corner of the precinct. This corner For children walking to these bus of the precinct is either in an 21

24

293 people used the bus as their main form for transport to work in Clayton in 2016. (“Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Com-

There has been a decrease of 0.8% of people taking the bus to work from 2011 to 2016. (“Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Com-

MAP & ANALYSIS BY SARAH MATTHEWS

N O RT

of households do not own a car.

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41% TO N R

D

of households own one car.

RD

C L AY

22.9% BR O W NS

of households own two cars.

7.5% of households own 3 or more cars.

(Number of cars per household City of Monash CAR DEPENDENCY CENTRE

Figure 26; TrafficPRECINCT Volume MapBOUNDARY (S.Matthews)

LOCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE LOW TRAFFIC VOLUME MEDIUM TRAFFIC VOLUME HIGH TRAFFIC VOLUME

R D

0

100

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The traffic volume is moderate to low through the precinct, however is it of a high volume along Mary’s Street where the primary school is located (“Google Maps Clayton”, 2018).

This traffic flow may be due to the high number of motor vehicles per household within Clayton, with the highest percent of households owning one car (“Number of cars per household | City of Monash | Community profile”, 2018).

25

There has been a shift in the numbers of cars in the area from 2011 to 2016 with the numbers displaying car dependency is decreasing. There was a decline of 1% of households with no motor vehicles, and a decrease in both households with 2 and 3 or more motor vehicles. (“Number of cars per household | City of Monash | Community profile”, 2018).

The car dependency extents outside the boundary of Clayton to the City of Monash as a whole with 76.11% of trips made by private vehicle on weekday (“Tableau Public”, 2018).

These trips typically take 22 minutes to travel the average distance of 9.7km to the end destination (“Tableau Public”, 2018).

SITE ANALYSIS

20.7%

TRAFFIC VOLUME MONDAY 8:30AM

CONTEXT +

Car Dependency

Car Parking

CAR PARKING

RD

Figure 28; Residental on-street car parking (M.Berrill)

Figure 29; Medical Centre Car Parking (M.Berrill)

Figure 30; Clayton Road on-street car parking (M.Berrill)

Figure 30; Fregon reserve car park (M.Berrill)

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CAR PARKING

CE N T RE

Due to the high rates of car ownership within Clayton a large proportion of the land in the precinct is taken up by car parking.

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MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS

Figure 27; Car Parking Map (S.Matthews)

PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE OFF-STREET CAR PARKING ON-STREET CAR PARKING

MAP & ANALYSIS BY SARAH MATTHEWS 26

The vast majority of the offstreet parking is located around the medical centre and to the east of Clayton Road where private vehicles would be required the most to either to transport ill patients or visitors to the hospital or for residents to

do their shopping along the main commercial road of the precinct.

Within the City of Monash the purpose of 19.54% of trips are for accompanying someone or picking up and dropping off purposes, 19.99% are for social or recreational purposes and 13.6% are for shopping purposes on weekdays (“Tableau Public”, 2018).

As 77.93% of these trips made by private vehicle it is evident why the high number of car parking is currently required in the area (“Tableau Public”, 2018).

The Issues and Opportunities section outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the precinct and presents the basis for the Structure Plan strategies and actions.

27

OPPORTUNITIES

ISSUES +

ISSUES + OPPORTUNITIES

Health + Access Issues ISSUE 1.1 HEALTH STATISTICS Compared with both state and national averages, Monash LGA has higher rates of overall poor health. Monash LGA has higher rates of high blood pressure, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer risks (Department of Health, 2016).

The World Health Organisation (WHO) stipulates that a healthy diet should consist of more than 400g of vegetables and fruit.

Moreover, the WHO advises that people should exercise for at least 150 minutes weekly. This exercise should centre on moderate to intense aerobic activity (World Health Organisation, 2018). These recommendations are given to help prevent the aforementioned health issues (Agudo & Joint, 2005).

Currently, only 37.5% Monash residents state that they participate in physical activity weekly (Department of Health, 2016). This statistic also does not meet the WHO guidelines, as the 37.5% of residents includes physical activity between one and four times weekly.

Furthermore, only 8.2% of residents engage in non-organised physical activity, like going for a walk or run, or going to the gym (Department of Health, 2016).

It is evident that these four data sets are inextricably linked; based on the inverse correlation between lower levels of physical activity of the residents and higher incidence of health issues present within this precinct.

It is noted that data is measured for the entire suburb of Clayton, not just the subject precinct.

ISSUE 1.2 LACK OF GREEN SPACE

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C L AY TO

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There is a lack of green space within our precinct as there is only one public reserve.

As shown, this reserve does not adequately facilitate for the residents of our precinct as there should be green space within 300m of each residence (World Health Organisation, 2016).

Figure 31; Health Stats (Department of Health, 2016)

Figure 33; Street Tree within Precinct

BR O WN

S RD

The World Health Organisation (2016) not only recommends access to green space but quality green space, through species richness and biodiversity. In Fregon Reserve this is limited to the edge trees. This then leads to an importance for quality street vegetation. In Monash the increasing densification and subsequent loss of trees on private properties means the street trees are even more vital (City of Monash, 2016).

However the City of Monash (2016) has stated that 22% of street trees are in decline and will require replacement in the next 30 years. They have also highlighted significant gaps in tree canopy- tree spacing can be seen in the tree map from report A and images 1 and 2. A number of trees in the area are now delisted species and will require replacement in coming years.

CENTRE

These gaps in quantity and quality of of green space is an issue when looking at the high obesity and low physical acitivity levels in the area. As with access to green spaces comes increased physical activity and numerous health benefits (WTO, 2016).

RD

Figure 34; Low Tree Density on Clayton Road 300m WALKABILITY GREEN SPACE MAIN ROADS LOCAL ROADS Within precinct boundary Outside precinct boundary PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

Figure 32; Green Space & Catchment (S. Martinussen)

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0

100

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Health + Access Issues ISSUE 1.3 WALKABILITY

CLAYTON ROAD SOUTH

Figure 38; Clayton Rd South Streetscape (M.Berrill)

BIKE HOOPS

ISSUE 1.4 INADEQUATE BIKE FACILITIES

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TO N R D

Within our precinct there is a severe lack of bicycle facilities and paths can which deter people from cycling in the area. Currently there are no bike paths or tracks within the precinct, or surrounding it which could accommodate for cyclists.

It was evident on site visits that people deem the roads too dangerous to ride on without paths, and opt for the busy footpath instead, as during a 30 minute period 5 cyclists rode or walked their bikes along the footpaths and only 1 rode on the road with the vehicles.

H RD

There may also be issues of “car dooring” for cyclists as there is no buffer zone between the parked cars and the road where cyclists must ride. This is an issue as 10% of cycling accidents occur when a driver opens their door into the path of a cyclist (“Bike rider safety : VicRoads”, 2018).

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

Furthermore there is a lack of bike facilities through the precinct with the only bicycle hoops located along the southern end of Clayton Road, resulting in people locking up their bikes in informal locations. All these factors combined would influence the lack of people cycling in the area as only 0.9% of people in Clayton road there bike to work in 2016 (“Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Community profile”, 2018).

10 BIKE HOOPS

CENTRE

2 BIKE HOOPS

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100

200

Figure 39; Bike Faciities Map (S. Matthews)

29

1 BIKE HOOP BIKE PARKED INFORMALLY

OPPORTUNITIES

Low walkability catchments are exacerbated by poor pedestrian network conditions.

Footpaths are narrow, competing with wide, traffic heavy roads. Minimal through-block links and laneways also inhibit a friendly pedestrian atmosphere, forcing longer trips on dilapidated streets. Pedestrian crossings are minimal throughout the precinct and the private vehicle is given preference in the streetscape. Poor walkability conditions discourage active transport within the precinct, increasing car dependency.

Figure 37; Unfriendly Pedestrian Crossings

Figure 36; Preference for Cars in Commercial Strip

Figure 35; Inhibited Pedestrian Walkways

ISSUES +

Low walkability (Refer to Walkability Catchment Map in Report A) creates direct issues for physical activity levels, social interaction and community engagement, fostering an unhealthy precinct. Low walkability also exacerbates car dependency, creating a cycle in which residents drive amid safety concerns (namely families with children), when the cars they are driving are creating the traffic and congestion in the first place,

Health + Access Opportunities

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C L AY TO

Numerous medical facilites exist within the precinct, including the Monash Hospital and associated facilites, as well as multiple complementary facilites along Clayton Road.

Specifically, our precinct is home to 5 bulk-billing General Practitioners (GPs), 9 specialists Doctors and 4 external medical facilities including Radiology and Pathology centres.

Coupled with these external facilities is the Monash Hospital and its various areas of cover such as Oncology, Maternity, Immunology and Emergency facilities. These existing medical facilities are advantageous when considering the existing health issues of the residents of Clayton.

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EXISTING MEDICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PR

IN

CE

S

HW

Y

MEDICAL FACILITIES

SPECIALIST DOCTOR

GENERAL PRACTIONER

CADASTRAL BOUNDARY

The opportunity exists for an increase in access to these facilities for members of Clayton’s community. Community awareness and education programs, improved connectivity to these facilities and focused community support programs for different resident groups can be provided to improve general health levels of the precinct. By increasing access we hope to alleviate some of the health issues plaguing our precinct.

MAIN ROADS LOCAL ROADS Within precinct boundary Outside precinct boundary PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE CENTRE

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0

Clayton forms part of the Monash National Employment and Innovation Cluster - A nationally recognised employment precinct. The Cluster has the largest concentration of jobs outside CBD (Profile ID), with high levels of job self-sufficiency, with 22% of jobs within LGA where residents live (Profile ID) The presence of the Monash Health Precinct within our precinct and the Monash Univeristy just to the north, presents the opportunity to create highly connected, people-centric neighbourhoods and local centres which provide high amenity to residents and employees in the precinct to cater for strong jobs growth and mitigate the impacts of car dependency on the health and wellbeing of residents.

Creating local employment centres gives the opportunity to include services, shops and social amenity within walking distance to homes, rapid public transport networks and direct connections to the CBD. The employment presents the opportunity to gain national and state government, private and public investment in infrastructure to foster a healthy precinct. This includes walking cycling and PT infrastructure and additional employee and resident services such as childcare and community programs.

17,872 Local Jobs 19.6% Job Self-Sufficiency

200

Figure 40; Medical Facilities (M. Berrill)

NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT CLUSTER CREATE LOCAL JOB CENTRES

HEALTH CARE & SOCIAL ASSISTANCE

100

EDUCATION & RESEARCH

16,467 Local Jobs 24% Job Self-Sufficiency 30

REJUVENATED EMPLOYMENT PRECINCT w INVESTMENT TO FOSTER A HEALTHY PRECINCT

JOBS WELL CONNECTED TO LGA & SURROUNDS

LOCAL EMPLOYMENT CENTRES WITH HIGH LEVELS OF AMENITY

Connectivity Issues + Opportunities ISSUE 2.2 CAR DEPENDENCY

3.5% have no fixed place of work

Over 60% of Clayton households own at least one car, with 22.9% of those having two cars (Clayton number of cars per household, 2018). This dependency on cars can be linked to the method of travel to work and place of work. 46.5% of Monash residents drive themselves to work (City of Monash, Residents place of work, 2018).

Figure 41; On Street Parking Wright St (M. Berrill)

ISSUES +

29% live and work in Monash

67.5% of Monash residents work ouside of the LGA

This can be broken down to location as 67.5% of Monash residents work outside of the LGA. The highest portions being in Melbourne CBD and Greater Dandenong, compared to the 29% who live and work within Monash (City of Monash, Residents place of work, 2018).

Car dependency is an issue as it can be linked to low physical activity levels, car orientated street design and limited pedestrian focus and feel within the precinct.

Data source: Profile ID 2018

CONNECTIVITY OPPORTUNITY PROXMITY TO UNIVERSITY

MONASH

Figure 42; Medical Centre Car Park (M. Berrill)

UNIVER

SITY

M ONASH U N IV E R S IT Y

NOR TH RD

NS R D

2 KM.0KM

The close proximity of the precinct to Monash University (Jobs and Education Facilities) provides the opportunity to improve public and active transport connections between the University and the Clayton Railway Station, located in the south-east pocket of the precinct. These key sites are located appoximately 2 kilometres apart.

T ON R

D

BROW

Figure 44; Clayton Railway Station

CL AY

This short distance provides opportunity to provide rapid cycling, walking and PT connections, reducing car dependency and traffic volume. These connections will also act to service large numbers of our student population within and surrounding the precinct. Current footpaths are lacking amenity, including narrow and dull foothpaths, and no cycling routes on or off-road exist to date. Linking these key sites is a key opportunity for the precinct to foster healthy transport networks.

CENTR

E RD

Figure 43; Connection Opportunity (S. Matthews)

31

Not to scale.

Figure 45; Monash Univeristy

OPPORTUNITIES

The car dependency of the residents in our precinct is visualised through the excessive car parking that dominates the site. Refer to car parking map in Report A. Most properties have onsite parking yet there still remains on street parking on all roads within the precinct. Additional to the on street parking, the off-street parking around the medical centre also creates issues as the space is impermeable for the pedestrian and appears visually as a sea of cars.

Housing + Development Issues ISSUE 3.1 HOUSING STRESS A relatively high proportion of Clayton’s residents are experiencing housing stress.

33.1% of tenants and 5.7% of mortgage payers spend more than 30% of their income on living costs (ABS, 2016), placing a significant number of residents in financial hardship (Traill, 2017).This issue has further links with health and wellbeing, often characterised by low levels of access to fresh foods, recreation and social engagement opportunities.

The precinct’s convenient location in relation to the Monash University and Monash Health precinct, and direct connections to the CBD on the Pakenham/ Cranbourne Railway line, make Clayton and the precinct a desirable place to live and work. Housing and rental costs and associated costs of living produce a risk of access and wellbeing on current and future residents. These features may also cause low-income groups to be pushed further from the suburb due to rising housing costs, placing these residents in further transport disadvantage and impacting health and wellbeing.

As identified, high levels of student populations may be driving this level of housing stress, as income levels and rental costs will be disproportionate.

22.6%

RENT

CLAYTON

MONASH

60.8% The vast majority of Clayton residents rent their properties.

$$$

33.1%

of Clayton residents who rent are in

Housing Stress.

The median weekly rent costs residents

$360

$

Compared to 27.8% for Monash and 10.4% for Vic

ISSUE 3.2 LACK OF HOUSING DIVERSITY The Clayton area, inclusive of the residential areas within the precinct, are undergoing rapid change as many dated dwellings are being replaced, and an increase in the amount of subdivided lots is occuring. (Profile ID, 2017) Despite a higher presence of semi-detached dwellings, townhouses and apartments compared to the Victorian average, 33.1% of Claytons residents continue to experience housing stress. The high student population in the area is characterised by low income, and it is therefore evident that the existing housing types are not suitable for the student population in question.

Lack of housing fiversity is therefore a noteable issue of the precinct, suggesting that the current stock of housing is too low to support the student population who require more affordable housing options.

Significantly, Clayton needs to align with Plan Melbourne (Victorian State Government, 2017). goals to “ensure that people have affordable and acces- 38.7% Seperate houses comapred to 73.2% for sible housing choices in places they want to be”, to allow the municipality to Victoria maintain liveability and be sustainable into the future.

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43.8% semi detached and 16.7% Flats or subdivided blocks, compared to apartments compared to Figure 46, Pattern of residential subdivision in the precinct (Vicmaps) 14.2% for Victoria.

11.6% for Victoria.

Housing + Development Opportunities The General Residential Zone (GRZ3) determines a maximum building height of

An increase in density within the allowance of existing zoning will create a variety in housing to service the lower-income residents of the precinct, which consist predominantly of students. (Daley & Coates, 2018) Also notable, is the lack of any height restrictions on the nonresidential zones present, namely the Commercial 1 Zone (C1Z). As per the ‘Building Heights’ Map, three storeys is the maximum existing height within the commercial strip on Clayton Road. 4 Given the lack of restrictions placed on this strip, an opportunity is presented to densify and diversify this area of the precinct. By building ‘up’ in height, it will allow for additional and new types of shops and services, as well as promote mixed use development.

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11m

or 3 storeys The Residential Growth Zone (RGZ1) determines a maximum building height of

13.5m.

no building height limits.

All other zones contain

OPPORTUNITIES

An opportunity presents itself in the existing zoning of the precinct. Given the need for an increase in density that has been identified, the allowance for this within zoning encourages development that will aid in tackling the issue of housing affordability within the precinct, and within wider Clayton.

In residential areas, dwellings comprise of predominantly single storeys, with double storey dwellings scattered throughout. Very few dwellings are of three storeys, despite this being the permitted maximum under the General Residential Zone 3 (GRZ3).

The Residential Growth Zone 3 (RGZ3) determines a maximum height of 13.5m, to which almost no existing dwellings utilise. See ‘Building Heights Map’ featured in Report A for further details.

ISSUES +

CURRENT ZONING ALLOWS FOR INCREASED DENSITY OF DEVELOPMENT

Precinct Vision A LEADING HEALTH PRECINCT

leading health precinct

Clayton will transform into a in Victoria promoting local employment opportunities and health services which foster liveable and walkable neighbourhoods.

A HEALTHY CLAYTON

Clayton will maximise it’s potential to be equitable and accessible and will facilitate lively and connected social networks and foster social-capital to create a

liveable, healthy precinct.

A CONNECTED CLAYTON

well connected

The precinct will be by public and active transport infrastructure, vibrant people-centric streets and connections to Metro Melbourne.

AN ACCESSIBLE CLAYTON

densified

diversified

Housing will be and to ensure all residents, including students, single person households and families can comfortably live, work & play within the precinct.

34

01

01

well connected pedestrian centric networks and public spaces reclaim public spaces for people

02

liveable diverse community social-capital

03

03

densified diversified eyes on the street 35

VISION

02

Guiding Principles

Implement a pedestrianfocused hierarchy.

Provide for population growth and changing needs close to amenity and PT.

Produce 20-minute neighbourhoods to live, work & play.

Prioritise Pedestrians

Dense & Diverse Housing

20-Minute Neighbourhoods

36

PRINCIPLES + PRECEDENTS

Guiding Precedents

Creating connected, lively, green neighbourhoods.

Embedding children’s needs into the compact city to benefit all members of the community,

Reducing reliance on private vehicles and putting pedestrians first.

Greener Places

Child-Friendly Cities

Moreland Transport Strategy

37

HEALTH + ACCESS PROPOSALS The Health and Access section aims to improve the overall physical and mental health and wellbeing of Clayton’s residents by ensuring high levels of access to the appropriate services and amenity.

38

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CENTRE

AFTER

Figure 47; Health and Access Before Map (A.Knape)

MAIN ROADS/PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS Within precinct boundary Outside precinct boundary PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

0

100

200

Figure 48; Health and Access After Map (A.Knape)

300m WALKABILITY CATCHMENT

PROPOSED COMMUNITY HALL

GREEN SPACE

PROPOSED BIKE PARKING

POOR STREETSCAPE / PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE

GREEN SPACE 300M CATCHMENT PROPOSED NATURE STRIP PLANTING

LIMITED BIKE PARKING

PROPOSED STREET TREE PLANTING

39

0

100

200

PROPOSED MULTI-STOREY CAR PARK PROPOSED GREEN SPACE EXISTING GREEN SPACE MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS

HEALTH + ACCESS

BEFORE

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Health Statistics

Lack of Green Space

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Pedestrian Experience OBJECTIVE ONE

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Increase access to opportunities to improve

physical and mental health levels through the

spaces.

C L AY

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connection and integration of green

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S BR O W

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1 2

HEALTH

Improve the overall health status of residents and visitors.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Implement a ‘Green Infrastructure’ Plan to improve the quality of informal and formal green spaces in the precinct.

GREEN SPACE 300M CATCHMENT PROPOSED NATURE STRIP PLANTING PROPOSED STREET TREE PLANTING PROPOSED MULTI-STOREY CAR PARK CENTRE

RD

PROPOSED GREEN SPACE EXISTING GREEN SPACE MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS

Figure 49; Green Space Map (A.Knape)

40

Why Green Infrastructure?

Green Infrastructure is an important component of urban space

cooling the urban environment and mitigating the impacts of flooding.

(NSW Government, 2017).

(NSW Government, 2017).

Improving the quantity and quality of green spaces in the Clayton precinct will act to increase healthy living and encourage walking and cycling. It also has added benefits including

Providing these green spaces, including spaces for recreational and community activity (parks and gardens), and spaces for exercise (linear green spaces), will act to

ACTIONS

improve the liveability of the precinct and quality of life of the residents.

The precinct can be further benefited by increasing green infrastructure in the form of street tree and nature strip ‘greening’ to improve the streetscape and pedestrian experience.

FREGON RESERVE PARK EXTENSION

1 2

Extend Fregon Reserve for public open space upgrade.

Relocate 376 parking spaces.

Make recreational space at St Peter’s P.S accessible to the public outside of school hours.

Redevelop land-use strategy for land beneath Skyrail to include cycling tracks and public open space connections.

Figure 50; Existing Fregon Reserve

Figure 51; Activated Fregon Reserve Opportunity

CLAYTON RD COMMERICAL CENTRE UPGRADE

Commence nature strip revitalisation in key locations.

Continue to progressively close streets to car traffic and introduce parklets, public space and places for people.

Figure 52; Existing Clayton Rd

41

Figure 53; Activated Clayton St Opportunity

HEALTH + ACCESS

Commence street tree planting at the commercial strip at Clayton Road south.

Health Statistics

Lack of Green Space

CLAYTON ROAD COMMERCIAL CENTRE

Pedestrian Experience OBJECTIVE TWO Enhance the pedestrian

experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S

Figure 54; Clayton Rd Current (Nearmap, 2018)

Figure 55; Clayton Rd Proposed (A.Knape)

PROPOSED STREET TREE PLANTING LANDSCAPING VISIBLE PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 40 KM/H SPEED LIMIT

42

1 2

PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE

Promote active transport by enhancing the quality and function of pedestrian networks.

ACTIVATE STREETSCAPE

Re-invigorate local and commercial streets to create an attractive streetscape where people can loiter, shop, socialise and spend time.

Why Improve Pedestrian Networks?

Pedestrian networks in Clayton are dull, lifeless and uninviting. Walking is impeded by car-dominated streets, unfriendly crossings and lack of space for people to loiter, socialise and spend time in public space.

Putting pedestrians first is a key element of providing access to amenity, services and social capital- building opportunities and will facilitate Clay-

ACTIONS

ton to become an inclusive 20-minute neighbourhood.

consequently strengthen social-capital in the precinct (Kryiask, 2018).

Achieving this objective will begin by planning Clayton for its youngest inhabitants; children. Planning streets, networks and public spaces for children can result in an active street life which can ‘foster social networks and promote communities which participate in volunteering’ and

Planning streets and public space with children’s safe play and independent play and exploration at the forefront will therefore ensure that Clayton’s public spaces work well for all residents and visitors to the precinct.

1 2

PLAY STREETS

Implement a 40km/h limit on Clayton Road between Carinish Road and Centre Road.

Replace existing pedestrian crossings at Commercial centre with elevated, visible crossings. Extend crossing time.

Conduct bi-weekly residential street shut-downs (Play Streets) to facilitate play and social engagement.

Figure 56; Play Streets (Play Streets)

Figure 57; Play Streets (Play Streets)

Install public art along the Skyrail.

Figure 58; Children’s Play and Independent Mobility (Kryiask, 2018)

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HEALTH + ACCESS

Educate parents and children about safe ways for children to independently navigate streets and public spaces.

Health Statistics N O RT

Lack of Green Space

Pedestrian Experience OBJECTIVE THREE

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C L AY

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Provide access to rich amenity and services for all residents and employees.

N S RD

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S

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BIKE INFRASTRUCTURE

Provide bike infrastrucutre to ensure convenience of cycling throughout the precinct.

FACILITIES ACCESS

Increase access to community facilities and opportunities to improve social capital.

BIKE SHARE DOCK LOCATIONS

KEY BIKE PARKING LOCATIONS CENTRE

UPDATED COMMUNITY HALL

R D

PROPOSED PLAY STREETS PROPOSED 40KM/H STREETS

Figure 59; Bike Infrastructure & Facilities Map (A.Knape)

FREGON RESERVE

MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE

COMMERICAL STRIP

ST PETER’S PRIMARY SCHOOL

FREGON RESERVE EXTENSION

CLAYTON RAILWAY STATION

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS CRANBOURNE / PAKENHAM RAILWAY LINE

44

Access for Children

The current layout and consequent function of the streets and public spaces in Clayton do not encourage people to spend time, loiter or socialise. There is an opportunity to increase access to essential facilities and foster quality community interactions through the thoughtful design of the spaces in between buildings and the reclamation of the streets for pedestrians.

Forecasted population and demographic changes for Clayton indicate a relatively small increase in population in the next 20 years. Attempts to improve the public realm and increase social capital need to be focused on key demographic changes, including additional children and retirement-aged residents.

ACTIONS

1 2

Creating a healthy precinct for children (ages 0-14) will be facilitated by increasing opportunity for play, social interactions and independent mobility. Key design and policy decisions have been made with children at the forefront, ensuring children not only have places and spaces which are exclusively designed for them (e.g playgrounds), but also the opportunity to learn and play in their movement throughout the precinct.

Improving pedestrian experiences through the widening and greening of footpaths, the shut-down of local streets for ‘play streets’ programs, and the prioritisation of pedestrians and cyclists in key areas of the precinct (including near the railway station, primary school, hospital and green spaces),

encourages children to move from private vehicles to walking and cycling. Crucially, this creates ‘incidental opportunities for exploration, play and social exchange, which is critical to children’s development and wellbeing’ (Kryiask, 2018).

According to Freeman and Tranter, further opportunity for children’s independent mobility is created by allowing children to access spaces for play independently. This will be achieved through education for parents and children and key public realm changes which give streets and space back to pedestrians and ensure it is perceived to be safe for children travel independently to spaces and places for play. (Freeman and Tranter, 2011)

BUS BIKE-RACKS

Upgrade Fregon Reserve by constructing a new community hall for mixed uses.

Implement bike-share scheme for employees of Medical Centre. Provide bike parking docks at Medical Centre and Railway Station.

Install bike racks on all bus routes.

Figure 60; Bus Bike Racks, Canada

BIKE SHARE DOCKS

Mandate provision of end-of-trip facilities for new residential and commercial developments (Clause 52.34)

Figure 61; Bike Share Dock System, UK

45

Creating a healthy precinct for retirees (ages 65+) will be facilitated through opportunities for social and community engagement. The extension and addition of an updated community hall at Fregon Reserve provides a secondary community space for social and physical programs for older residents.

The re-invigoration and pedestrianisation of the commercial strip at Clayton Road south also provides older residents with quality spaces for incidental and planned interactions. Ensuring this space is pedestrian friendly will encourage older residents to spend time, with accessible spaces and places to move, socialise, shop and loiter.

HEALTH + ACCESS

Provide secure, easy to use bike parking at key public locations. (Railway Station, Medical Centre, Green Spaces)

Access for Retirees

CONNECTIVITY PROPOSALS The Connectivity section aims to improve the precinct’s active and PT connections to provide residents and visitors with ample opportunity to be physically active with excellent access to services and amenity.

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NO RT

ON R D

H RD

CL AY T

B R OW

B R OW

NS RD

NS RD

CL AY

CE N T RE

CE N T R

ER D

BEFORE

CONNECTIVITY

H RD

TO N R D

NO RT

AFTER MONASH UNIVERSITY

Figure 62; Connectivity Before Map (A.Knape)

CLAYTON RAILWAY STATION MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS CRANBOURNE / PAKENHAM RAILWAY LINE

R D

TRAIN STATION 300M CATCHMENT

CLAYTON RAILWAY STATION

CAR-CENTRIC STREETSCAPE

MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY

CURRENT BUS SERVICE

MEDICAL CENTRE TO RAILWAY 13 MINS EXCLUDING WAITING TIME

LOCAL ROADS

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CRANBOURNE / PAKENHAM RAILWAY LINE

Figure 63; Connectivity After Map (A.Knape)

PROPOSED 40KM/H LIMIT PEDESTRIAN-CENTRIC STREETSCAPE PROPOSED BIKE ROUTE MEDICAL CENTRE TO STATION 2 MIN VIA MARY STREET

PROPOSED BIKE ROUTE STATION TO MONASH UNI 10-15 MINS

Cycling Connections

N O RT

Car Dependency

Walkability Catchments OBJECTIVE ONE

H RD

Provide reliable and sustainable transport

C L AY

TO N R D

networks to ensure amenity is accessible by foot and bike to all residents and visitors.

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S BR O W

N S RD

1 2

20-MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Faciilitate 20-minute-neighbourhoods with high levels of amenity for residents and visitors, prioritising a pedestrian-friendly transport hierarchy,

ACTIVE CONNECTIONS

Create efficient active connections by providing accessible bicycle infrastructure and improving walking catchments to major attractor points.

CLAYTON RAILWAY STATION MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE

PROPOSED BIKE ROUTE BROWNS RD CENTRE

PROPOSED BIKE ROUTE MARY ST

RD

PROPOSED BIKE LANES CLAYTON RD MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS

Figure 64; Active Connections Map (A.Knape)

48

CRANBOURNE / PAKENHAM RAILWAY LINE

20-minute neighbourhoods provide “The ability to meet your everyday, non-work needs locally, primarily within a 20-minute walk” (Victorian State Government, 2017).

Facilitating 20-minute neighbourhoods in the Clayton precinct will ensure residents and employees of the precinct have efficient access to frequent public transport, convenience centres, jobs, services, green space, community facilities and schools.

ACTIONS

As discussed in previous sections of this report, the precinct walkability does not currently facilitate 20-minute neighbourhoods. The lack of bike infrastructure and bike paths further exacerbates this issue.

Addressing these issues by prioritising pedestrians and cyclists and enhancing PT experiences will facilitate increased active transport and move Clayton toward becoming a 20-minute neighbourhood precinct.

This key objective will be achieved providing a new cycling network for the precinct, connecting major attractor points and ensuring cyclists feel safe to ride. This will be supported by convenient, reliable and accessible bike infrastructure to encourage more bike trips. This will be supported by ensuring pedestrians are afforded efficient walking networks by mandating throughblock links and improving the quality and quantity of crossings throughout the precinct.

RAILWAY TO UNI

1 2

Construct new high-quality, safe bicycle lanes along Clayton Road.

Construct new high-quality, safe bicycle route from Clayton Railway Station to Monash University via Browns Road.

Construct new high-quality, safe bicycle route from Monash Medical Centre to Clayton Railway Station via Mary Street.

Close Mary Street to all non-local traffic and impose 40km/h speed limit.

CARINISH ROAD, CLAYTON

PUBLIC SPACE HIERARCHY

BOURKE ST CYCLEWAY, SYDNEY

THROUGH-BLOCK LINKS

Require new developments on large sites to provide throughblock links to provide walking ‘short-cuts’.

Use investment in NEIC to increase frequency of bus services. Maximum 10 minute waiting time during peak hours.

PEDESTRIAN + CYCLIST CENTRIC HIERARCHY. PLAN FOR PEOPLE, NOT CARS 49

REDUCE WALKING TIMES + PROVIDE ATTRACTIVE WALKING SPACES

CONNECTIVITY

Why 20-Minute Neighbourhoods?

Cycling Connections

Car Dependency

Walkability Catchments

PEDESTRIANISING CLAYTON

CLAYTON RD

OBJECTIVE TWO

BEFORE

4m

Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

3.8m

40

40

AFTER 2.5m 1m

3.2m

3m

BROWNS RD

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S

1 2

BEFORE 4.7m

2m

6.8m

2m

4.7m

AFTER 2m

1.2m

2.5m 1m

3.4m

CARINISH RD BEFORE

MODE SHIFT

Provide incentives for residents and visitors to move from private cars to PT and active transport modes for travel within and around the precinct.

UNIQUE CONNECTIONS

Connect Clayton through a transport system that is diverse, sustainable and challenges the status quo.

MARY ST 2.3m

2m

8.5m

2.3m

2m

1.75m

BEFORE

AFTER 0.8m

2.5m

Figure 65; Before and After Streetscapes (A.Knape

1m

8.5m

1m

2.5m

0.8m

2m

2.2m

7.4m

2.2m

2m

2m

2.2m

7.4m

2.2m

2m

AFTER

1.75m

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encourage residents and visitors in the precinct to move from their car to public and active transport modes. In order to further facilitate this mode shift, further strategic and policy support for reduced private vehicle ownership and reliance will reinforce active and public transport as reliable, preferred methods of transport in the precinct.

Clayton’s transport system will challenge the status quo by shifting policy toward discouraging private vehicle ownership and usage throughout the precinct.

Mandating maximum car parking provisions for residential developments to provide only one car parking space per dwelling, rather than calculating minimum car parking provisions based on the number of bedrooms (usually resulting in a minimum of 2 spaces per dwelling), will automatically give space back to residents and

ACTIONS

1 2

the public realm for more positive uses.

This policy shift is influenced by the Moreland Transport Strategy, whereby developers are encouraged to turn car parking space into green space, residential communal space, and spaces for bike parking and facilities (Moreland City Council, 2018).

This policy will also create a shift in thinking for residents and visitors (employees) of the precinct to rethink the impact and cost of private vehicles on the environment, economy, personal cost and public realm.

This thinking Is based on the rationale ‘Build it and they will come’. Simply, if somebody thinks they will easily find a parking space at the shops, they are much more likely to drive rather than walk or cycle, no matter how quick the walk may be.

Challenging the provision of car parking provisions in new developments also creates the opportunity for buyers to save money on the cost of this car parking space. Currently, the rigid model does not allow buyers to opt out of car parking provisions, producing an additional pressure or status-quo expectation that residents should have private vehicles if they want to live in Clayton, and reducing housing affordability, with the ‘average annual cost of running a car in Melbourne at $18,000 and the average annual cost of garaging a car onsite being $90,500 in Melbourne’ (Tivendale, 2018).

Simply, reducing car parking availability in the precinct will remove cars from the roads, encourage mode shifts to active transport, reduce the cost of living and improve housing affordability for current and future residents of the precinct.

MAXIMUM CAR PARKING PROVISIONS

Introduce maximum car parking requirements for new developments in locations well serviced by PT and services.

One parking space per dwelling.

Support car share and opt-out parking options in residential and commercial developments.

Implement 40km/h limit for Clayton Rd. (See previous) Actively promote the social, economic, environmental and health benefits of cycling and walking.

Re-design Clayton Road between Monash Medical Centre and Centre Road to include bike lanes and a median strip.

Re-design Carinish Rd, Browns Rd and Mary Street to accommodate cycling connections. Prioritise pedestrians and cyclists, with motorists to give way.

Figure 66; Maximum Car Parking (City of Moreland) 2016)

MORELAND TRANSPORT STRATEGY Reduce minimum car parking requirements to one (1) parking space per dwelling, regardless of number of bedrooms per dwelling.

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1 CAR SPACE P E R D W E LLI N G

CONNECTIVITY

Why Reduce Car Dependency? The facilitation of 20-minute neighbourhoods aims to

HOUSING + DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS The Housing and Development section aims to ensure the future development of Clayton makes it an attractive and sustainable place to live, work and play.

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NORT

H RD

H RD

CENTR

HOUSING + DEVELOPMENT

BROW

BROWN

S RD

NS RD

C L AY

C L AY

TON R D

TON R D

NORT

E RD

BEFORE

0

100

200

Figure 67; Housing & Development Before Map (A.Knape)

CADASTRE BOUNDARY POOR STREETSCAPE QUALITY MAIN ROADS / PRECINCT BOUNDARY LOCAL ROADS PAKENHAM / CRANBOURNE RAILWAY LINE

SEPERATE HOUSE 1-2 STOREYS

AFTER

CENTR

E RD

2-3 STOREYS

NON-RESIDENTIAL

1-3 STOREYS RESIDENTIAL

CLAYTON RAILWAY STATION

1-4 STOREYS

STRATEGIC REDEVELOPMENT SITE DENSITY / MIXED USE SHOP TOP APARTMENT DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL CENTRE GREEN SPACE

53

200

MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE MONASH UNIVERSITY

FLAT / APARTMENT

100

1-3 STOREYS RESIDENTIAL

SEMI-DETACHED / SUBDIVISION 1-2 STOREYS

0

Figure 68; Housing & Development After Map (A.Knape)

Housing Affordability Stress

Lack of Diversity in Housing Types

INC L U SION ARY ZON IN G:

15% O F P R I VAT E + 3 0 % O F G O VT D E V E L O P ME NT S TO B E P RO V I D E D A S B E L O WM A R K E T R E N TA L HO US I NG .

Lack of Community Facilities + Poor Public Realm

OBJECTIVE ONE Provide for a range of new

housing

options, including provisions for affordable and accessible housing.

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S COMM U N ITY C ON SU LTS:

UND E RS TA ND H O US I NG , E MP L O Y ME NT, S E RV I CE S , CO NNE C T I V I T Y + P U B L I C RE A L M CO NCE R NS + I DE A S .

ACC ESSIBL E H OU SIN G: 6 0% O F D E V E L O P ME NT TO

B E ACCE S S I B L E / A DA P TA B L E A S P E R D DA R E Q U I R E ME N T S .

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1 2

DIVERSE HOUSING

Provide diverse housing and community facilities for an extra 3750 residents by 2036.

DIVERSE COMMUNITY

Ensure a diverse range of people are able to reside in Clayton to contribute to the precinct and wider community.

The presence of Monash Medical Centre within the precinct and Monash University just to the north, makes Clayton an attractive place to live for students, health and social assistance workers and young families. Providing access to affordable and social housing options within the precinct is a significant priority in order to retain a diverse population in the area and prevent potential transport disadvantage associated

ACTIONS

with pushing low-income earners to urban fringe areas (Freeman and Tranter, 2011).

Further to this, it can be expected that current residents will continue to age-in-place, producing the requirement for Clayton’s housing stock to adapt to ensure retirees and elderly can continue to reside in Clayton. Significantly, ensuring this demographic can continue to reside in the precinct produces the opportunity to capitalise on social engagement and community contribution associated with ageing residents who feel a strong sense of connection with their community.

1 2

Implement inclusionary zoning across residential and commercial zones: 15% of private and 30% of government residential developments to be provided as below-market rental housing.

Engage in community consultation with current residents and employees to understand housing, employment, services, connectivity and public realm concerns and ideas.

Mandate 60% of all developments to be designed as accessible / adaptable as per DDA requirements.

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Implementing inclusionary zoning will ensure affordable housing options are provided in new development to reduce housing stress. There is minimal government-owned space able to be used for social housing development and so provision of these inclusive housing options will rely on private developments in partnership with local government.

Increasing minimum DDA requirement to 60% of all new residential development will also act to ensure new housing stock is adaptable for varying housing needs and will ensure residents can appropriately age-in-place if desired.

CONNECTIVITY

In order to transform Clayton into an inclusive, diverse and vibrant precinct, future development needs to consider how to ensure people of varying backgrounds and socio-economic status can access the precinct and its assets.

HOUSING + DEVELOPMENT

Why Diverse Housing?

Housing Affordability Stress

Lack of Diversity in Housing Types

OBJECTIVE TWO

H RD

Increase development density and diversity in strategic locations to facilitate population change and promote 20-minute neighbourhoods.

C L AY

TON R D

NORT

Lack of Community Facilities + Poor Public Realm

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N S BROW

NS RD

1 2

DIVERSE DEVELOPMENT

Provide opportunity for diverse developments including mixeduse commerical and employment uses.

DENSITY

Incrementally increase building densities to facilitate population growth and provide more opportunities for 20-minute neighbourhood living.

1-3 STOREYS RESIDENTIAL 1-3 STOREYS RESIDENTIAL

CENTR

E RD

STRATEGIC REDEVELOPMENT SITE DENSITY / MIXED USE SHOP TOP APARTMENT DEVELOPMENT

MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE MONASH UNIVERSITY

MEDICAL CENTRE Figure 69; Strategic Land Use Plan (A.Knape)

0

100

200

56

GREEN SPACE

CLAYTON RAILWAY STATION

Achieving this objective can be facilitated by guiding residential and mixed-use developments in strategic locations. Specifically, this will be achieved by introducing a strategic land-use plan for the precinct and surrounds which identifies key locations with excellent access opportunities.

ACTIONS

1 2

This draft plans identifies the key attractor points of the precinct, being the Monash Medical Centre and Monash University, key PT locations, including the Clayton Railway Station and key locations for future development.

The established nature of the suburb produces limited locations for large-scale developments.

Instead, smaller pockets are identified in places of at-grade car parking (identified as underutilised land). In collaboration with the connectivity plans for Clayton, it can be reasonably expected that reducing car parking will be acceptable in the next 20 years, as people are encouraged to mode shift to active and PT methods.

CONVERT PARKING SPACE

Support strategic redevelopment of key sites where suitable accessibility, connectivity and capacity exists.

Partner with private developers to produce housing and mixed-use facilities to replace at-grade car parking in strategic locations.

Encourage shop-top apartment style development in Clayton Road South.

Seek diversity in land use and promote land uses with high levels of employment (such as retail and commercial).

Facilitate conversion of industrial site for a new P-12 school.

Clayton is expected to receive (relatively) minimal increases in population, and the bulk of change will come from the actual make-up of the population. It is also expected that the needs of residents will continue to change as modes of work continue to shift (i.e. working from home) and as the Victorian population ages (Victorian State Government, 2017).

Increasing development densities and promoting mixed-use development will ensure Clayton can adapt into an attractive place to live, work and play, providing a sustainable and liveable precinct which fosters healthy living outcomes for its residents.

ENCOURAGE MIXED-USE

P

FACILITATE 20-MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOODS

LIVE WORK PLAY 57

CONNECTIVITY

Transforming Clayton into a healthy precinct will rely on providing access to amenity and services in close proximity to homes and PT connections.

This will be achieved by keeping 20-minute neighbourhood ideals at the forefront of planning and development decisions in order to ensure more people have excellent access.

HOUSING + DEVELOPMENT

Why Density & Diversity?

Implementation Plan

THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Physical Actions

Advocation + Policy Change Partnerships

Enacting the Structure Plan has been broken down into detailed steps to facilitate Clayton becoming a healthy precinct.

The plan involves varying stakeholders and ‘actors’ who will help to achieve key objectives, which will occur over short, medium and long-term time frames.

58

While some actions will be able to get underway immediately, medium and long-term actions have been identified to ensure quality outcomes can occur for Clayton’s current and future residents and employees.

It is recognised that change cannot happen overnight, and subsequently, population forecasts and precinct demograph-

ics will continue to alter, despite the best estimations.

Each ‘step’ has been categorised as physical changes, policy changes and advocation for community change, and partnerships with other bodies in order to achieve the best outcomes.

ACTORS

RELATED OBJECTIVE

ACTION

Action 1: Extend Fregon Reserve for Short to Monash City Obj I: Increase access to public open space upgrade.

Medium Council, Monash opportunities to improve Relocate 376 parking spaces.

Medical Centre. physical and mental Term health levels through the - Demolish at-grade car parking connection and integra- Construct new multi-storey car park tion of green spaces.

Action 6: Continue to progressively Short to close streets to car traffic and intro- Medium duce parklets, public space and places Term for people.

- Close Mary Street to all non-resident traffic. Remove on-street car parking.

- Construct new cycle path on Mary Street (see connectivity proposals).

- Implement 40km/h limits on Mary Street, Rose Street, Carinish Road, Clayton Road and Browns Road immediately.

- Educate community about new speed limits.

- Trial play streets in designated streets and consult community on how to improve program.

- Extend green space to south - Install public facilities; seating, water taps

Action 2: Make recreational space at Short St Peter’s P.S accessible to the public Term outside of school hours.

- Liaise with St Peter’s to organise.

- Educate school and wider community on availability of open space after hours.

St Peter’s Obj I: Increase access to Primary School, opportunities to improve Community. physical and mental health levels through the connection and integration of green spaces.

Action 3: Redevelop land-use strategy for land beneath Skyrail to include cycling tracks and public open space connections.

- Identify appropriate native species

- Deciduous species preferred for shade in summer and light in winter.

- Commence planting after streetscape upgrades are complete.

Short to Monash City Medium Council, ComTerm munity.

Obj I: Increase access to opportunities to improve physical and mental health levels through the connection and integration of green spaces.

RELATED OBJECTIVE Obj I: Increase access to opportunities to improve physical and mental health levels through the connection and integration of green spaces.

Obj 2: Enhance the pedestrian experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

- See Action 6

Action 4: Commence street tree plant- Short to Monash City ing at the commercial strip at Clayton Medium Council.

Road south.

Term

- Initial planting along new cycling corridors to provide barrier between pedstrians and cyclists.

- Continued planting and revitalisation across precinct.

- Provide incentive for residents to engage in upkeep.

Monash City Council, Community, Retail Shop Owners, St Peter’s Primary School.

Action 7: Implement a 40km/h limit on Short to Monash City Clayton Road between Carinish Road Medium Council, ComTerm munity, Retail and Centre Road.

Shop Owners.

- See Connectivity proposals

Action 5: Commence nature strip revitalisation in key locations.

ACTORS

Action 8: Replace existing pedestrian Short to Monash City crossings at Commercial centre with Medium Council, Comelevated, visible crossings. Extend Term munity. crossing time.

Obj 2: Enhance the pedestrian experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

Obj 2: Enhance the pedestrian experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

- Conduct further observation and surveys to ensure crossings are placed in the most convenient locations.

- Implement crossings with street upgrades.

- Educate community about new crossing locations.

Obj I: Increase access to opportunities to improve physical and mental health levels through the connection and integration of green spaces.

Action 9: Conduct bi-weekly residential Short street shut-downs to facilitate play and Term - Ongosocial engagement. (Play Streets) - Commence pilot program on designated streets. Shut streets to traffic from 9am to 5pm for play and social interaction.

- Gain community feedback to improve program.

59

Monash City Council, Community.

Obj 2: Enhance the pedestrian experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

ACTION

ACTION Action 10: Educate parents and chil- Short dren about safe ways for children to Term independently navigate streets and Ongoing public spaces.

- Liaise with St Peter’s Primary School and community groups to hold information sessions for parents and children.

- Inform parents of effective ways to teach children how to safely navigate local streets and major roads and how to deal with stranger danger.

- Encourage children to independently navigate the precinct to play, go to school and socialise with other children.

ACTORS Monash City Council, Community Groups, Community, St Peter’s Primary School.

RELATED OBJECTIVE

ACTION

Obj 2: Enhance the pedestrian experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

Action 14: Provide secure, easy to use Short Monash City bike parking at key public locations. Term - Council,.

(Railway Station, Medical Centre, Ongoing Green Spaces)

RELATED OBJECTIVE Obj 3: Provide access to rich amenity and services for all residents and employees.

- Install bike racks at key locations.

- Promote availability of facilities and benefits of physical activity.

Action 15: Install bike racks on all bus Short Monash City Obj 3: Provide access routes.

Term Council, to rich amenity and Ongoing Community, PTV. services for all resi- Partner with PTV to install bike racks on dents and employees.

Action 11: Install public art along the Short to Monash City Skyrail.

Medium Council, Term Community.

- Run a community competition for the Skyrail design.

- Install new artwork to enliven public realm.

all bus routes that run through Clayton.

- Educate users on how to quickly and safely use this system.

Obj 2: Enhance the pedestrian experience to encourage physical activity and active transport.

Action 12: Upgrade Fregon Reserve by Medium Monash City constructing a new community hall for Term Council, Community, mixed uses.

Monash Medical Centre.

-Consult with community / groups to under-

Obj 3: Provide access to rich amenity and services for all residents and employees.

Action 13: Implement bike-share Short scheme for employees of Medical Term Centre. Provide bike parking docks at - OngoMedical Centre and Railway Station.

Obj 3: Provide access to rich amenity and services for all residents and employees.

Action 16: Mandate provision of end- Medium Monash City of-trip facilities for new residential and to Long Council, Term. DELWP, Private commercial developments.

Developers.

-Implement mandated end-of-trip facilities through a Planning Scheme Amendment Submission to the Minister for Planning.

- Ensure all new medium- and high-density residential developments and developments including office or commercial floor space include appropriate end-of-trip facilities.

stand what functions are important for new hall.

- Gain funding from operation of new car park (See Action 1).

- Construct new community hall.

- Install bike docks and implement bike sharing system for Medical employees.

- Educate employees on availability and benefits of using bike share system.

ACTORS

Monash City Council, Community, Monash Medical Centre, PTV.

60

Obj 3: Provide access to rich amenity and services for all residents and employees.

ACTORS

Action 1: Construct new high-quality, Medium Monash City safe bicycle lanes along Clayton Road. Term Council, Kingston City - Commence works on Clayton Rd (staged) Council. to reconfigure streetscape.

- Liaise with Kingston City Council to provide extension to bike lanes to south.

- Educate residents on new road rules.

RELATED OBJECTIVE Obj I: Provide reliable and sustainable transport networks to ensure amenity is accessible by foot and bike to all residents and visitors.

Action 2: Construct new high-quality, Medium Monash City safe bicycle route from Clayton Rail- Term.

Council. way Station to Monash University via Browns Road.

- Commence works on Carinish Rd and

Obj I: Provide reliable and sustainable transport networks to ensure amenity is accessible by foot and bike to all residents and visitors.

Action 3: Construct new high-qual- Medium Monash City ity, safe bicycle route from Monash Term.

Council.

Medical Centre to Clayton Railway Station via Mary Street.

Close Mary Street to all non-local traffic and impose 40km/h speed limit.

Obj I: Provide reliable and sustainable transport networks to ensure amenity is accessible by foot and bike to all residents and visitors.

Browns Rd. - Educate residents on new road rules.

ACTION

Action 5: Introduce maximum car Medium Monash City parking requirements for new develop- Term Council, ments in locations well serviced by PT DELWP. and services. One parking space per dwelling.

ment to increase funding for public transport in Clayton.

- Liaise with Public Transport Victoria to lobby government bodies and private investors.

Obj 2: Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

Action 7: Implement 40km/h limit for Short Clayton Rd. Term

Obj 2: Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

Monash City Council.

- See previous.

- Advocate and educate local residents

Action 11: Require new developments Medium Monash City on large sites to provide through-block Term Council, links to provide walking ‘short-cuts’.

DELWP. -Prepare a Planning Scheme Amendment to submit to the Minister for Planning to mandate through-block links.

Action 6: Support car share and opt- Ongoing Monash City out parking options in residential and Council, commercial developments.

Community, Private - Advocate to private developers and local Developers.

Action 8: Actively promote the social, Ongoing Monash City economic, environmental and health Council, Combenefits of cycling and walking. munity.

- Advocate to State and Federal Govern-

Obj 2: Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

residents on the cost, environmental and social benefits of car share options.

Rose Street Immediately.

- Inform Mary St residents of forthcoming road closure.

- Construct new bike lanes on Mary Street.

- Close Mary St to all non-local traffic.

Medium Monash City Term.

Council, PTV, State Govt, Federal Govt.

RELATED OBJECTIVE

- Prepare a Planning Scheme Amendment to submit to the Minister for Planning to mandate maximum car parking provisions for new developments.

- Impose 40km/h limit on Mary Street and

Action 4: Use investment in NEIC to increase frequency of bus services.

Maximum 10 minute waiting time during peak hours.

ACTORS

Obj I: Provide reliable and sustainable transport networks to ensure amenity is accessible by foot and bike to all residents and visitors.

about the health benefits of active transport.

- Include ad campaigns, local community knowledge sharing and promotional material in schools and workplaces.

Obj I: Provide reliable and sustainable transport networks to ensure amenity is accessible by foot and bike to all residents and visitors.

- See Action 1.

Action 10: Re-design Carinish Rd, Browns Medium Monash City Rd and Mary Street to accommodate cy- Term Council.

Action 9: Re-design Clayton Road Medium Monash City between Monash Medical Centre and Term Council.

Centre Road to include bike lanes and a median strip.

cling connections. Prioritise pedestrians and cyclists, with motorists to give way.

- See previous

61

Obj 2: Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

Obj 2: Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

Obj 2: Reduce private vehicle ownership and reliance within and around the precinct.

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

ACTION

ACTION

ACTORS

RELATED OBJECTIVE

ACTION

Action 1: Implement inclusionary zon- Short to Monash City Obj I: Provide for a range ing across residential and commercial Medium Council, DELWP. of new housing options, zones: 15% of private and 30% of Term. including provisions for government residential developments affordable and accessible to be provided as below-market rental housing. housing.

Action 5: Encourage shop-top apartment style development in Clayton Road South.

- Prepare a planning scheme amendment to submit to the Minister for Planning for approval.

Action 6: Seek diversity in land use and promote land uses with high levels of employment (such as retail and commercial).

Monash City Action 2: Engage in community con- Short sultation with current residents and Term - Council, employees to understand housing, Ongoing Community. employment, services, connectivity and public realm concerns and ideas.

Obj I: Provide for a range of new housing options, including provisions for affordable and accessible housing.

Action 3: Mandate 60% of all develop- Short to Monash City Obj I: Provide for a range ments to be designed as accessible / Medium Council, DELWP of new housing options, adaptable as per DDA requirements. Term including provisions for affordable and accessible - Prepare a planning scheme amendment housing. to submit to the Minister for Planning for approval.

Action 4: Support strategic redevel- Medium opment of key sites where suitable to Long accessibility, connectivity and capacity Term. exists. Partner with private developers to produce housing and mixed-use facilities to replace at-grade car parking in strategic locations.

Monash City Council, DELWP, Private Developers.

Obj 2: Increase development density and diversity in strategic locations to facilitate population change and promote 20-minute neighbourhoods.

- Engage in community consultation with the Draft Strategic Land Use Plan to understand local concerns and ideas.

- Revise DSLUP and submit to Minister for Approval in the form of a Planning Scheme Amendment application.

- Utilise the endorsed Land Use Plan to guide future development in the precinct to ensure density and diversity of development is concentrated in strategic locations.

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- See Action 4.

- See Action 4 Action 3: Facilitate conversion of industrial site for a new P-12 school.

- Prepare a planning scheme amendment to submit to the Minister for Planning for approval.

- Liaise with school authorities and urban design experts to produce a plan for the new school.

- Commence works when funding is approved.

ACTORS

RELATED OBJECTIVE

Medium Monash City Obj 2: Increase to Long Council, DELWP. development density Term and diversity in strategic locations to facilitate population change and promote 20-minute neighbourhoods.

Medium Monash City Obj 2: Increase to Long Council, DELWP. development density Term and diversity in strategic locations to facilitate population change and promote 20-minute neighbourhoods.

Long Monash City Obj 2: Increase Term Council, DELWP development density and diversity in strategic locations to facilitate population change and promote 20-minute neighbourhoods.

Implementation Visualisation ACTION 9

Conduct bi-weekly residential street shut-downs to facilitate play and social engagement. (Play Streets)

Shutting residential streets to traffic in bi-weekly ‘Play Streets’ programs will facilitate play, exploration, social engagement and increased social capital for Clayton’s residents.

Giving space back to pedestrians for organised activities, informal meet-ups and free exploration of public space provides an opportunity to be active, for residents to interact with their neighbours and for pedestrians to be prioritised.

Play Streets are not just for children, but also for parents, individual residents and elderly to interact in the street and will facilitate a healthy precinct.

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Figure 70; Play Streets Sketch (A.Knape)

Figure 71; Play Streets Render (A.Knape)

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ACTION 8

Replace existing pedestrian crossings at Clayton Rd commercial centre with elevated, visible crossings. Extend crossing time.

Prioritising pedestrians at the Clayton Rd commercial centre will ensure active transport is considered convenient, safe and pleasant. Replacing the existing crossings and adding additional crossings will ensure pedestrians can cross safely and easily.

Producing high-visibility crossings which are flush with sidewalk level and extending crossing times will ensure crossings are accessible and safe.

Figure 72; Proposed Pedestrian Crossing Re-Design Sketch (A.Knape

H RD

BROWN

S RD

C L AY

TON R D

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CENTR

E RD

Figure 73; Proposed Pedestrian Crossing Clayton Rd Render (A.Knape)

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ACTION 5

Encourage shop-top apartment style development at Clayton Road South.

Encouraging mixed-use development and shop-top apartments in locations in close proximity to PT and active transport connections, services and shops will produce a lively and equitable precinct with rich amenity available to residents within 20 minutes.

Shop-top apartments will create ‘eyes on the street’ and encourage Clayton Road to transform into a lively centre.

Improving the public-realm at street level can be funded by these residential developments and ensure that Clayton Rd is a place where people enjoy spending time, shopping, loitering and socialising.

H RD

BROWN

S RD

C L AY

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IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Figure 74; Shop Top Apartments Sketch (A.Knape)

CENTR

E RD

Figure 75; Shop-Top Apartment to create ‘Eyes on the Street’ (A.Knape)

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Conclusion

Clayton is an established suburb which is home to a wide range of people, including students, young families and retirees. The precinct comprises residential, retail, public-use and medical land uses and includes the Monash Medical Centre and associated health services at the core of the precinct. The Monash University is located just to the north, producing a precinct which is rich in health and education resources.

The precinct presents minimal pockets of land for strategic redevelopment and thus presents challenges in implementing planning policy and urban design to ensure the precinct can transform into a liveable, healthy precinct.

By focusing redevelopment and policy change across multiple scales, time-frames and core planning principles, the Clayton precinct has the opportunity to transform into a healthy city which contains opportunities for its residents and visitors to benefit from its liveability in order to benefit both physical and mental health.

Crucially, ensuring Clayton’s residents are healthy and well will have profound positive impacts across other aspects of urban life, including increased social-capital, boosted economies, reduced pressure on health services and stronger community involvement and volunteering.

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Implementing this Structure Plan is the first step in transforming Clayton into a healthy precinct.

The Plan will need to be revisited over time as unforeseen changes occur in the precinct and across wider Melbourne to ensure the Plan remains appropriate and that Clayton remains resilient in the face of change.

CLAYTON

Healthy Precinct

CONTEXT + SITE ANALYSIS Agudo, A., & Joint, F. A. O. (2005). Measuring intake of fruit and vegetables [electronic resource].

Australian Plants Society Victoria (2001) Flora of Melbourne. A Guide to the Indigenous Plants of the Greater Melbourne Area, www.apsvic.org.au Clayton (2017) retrieved from https://profile.id.com.au/monash/about?WebID=120 Department of Health (2016) Statistical Profiles of Each LGA in Region, https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/publications/ data/eastern-metro-region Freeman & Tranter, (2011) = Ryan, S., & Rae, B. (2014). Children and Their Urban Environment: Changing Worlds Claire Freeman and Paul Tranter ( 2011 ).

Google maps (2018) retrieved from Google Mapshttps://www.google.com › maps Google Maps Clayton. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.google. com/maps/place/Clayton+VIC+3168/@-37.9152676,145.1120588,14z/ data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x6ad66ad657aee985:0x5045675218cddc0!8m2 !3d-37.915!4d145.13!5m1!1e1 Journey planner (2018) retrieved from https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/journey Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. The MIT Press, 1-13.

Method of travel to work | City of Monash | Community profile. (2018). Retrieved from https://profile.id.com.au/monash/travel-to-work?WebID=120 Number of cars per household | City of Monash | Community profile. (2018).

Retrieved from https://profile.id.com.au/monash/car-ownership?WebID=120 Tableau Public. (2018). Retrieved from https://public.tableau.com/profile/vista#!/vizhome/VISTA-LGAProfilerAccess/LocalGovernmentAreaprofiles Timetables - Public Transport Victoria. (2018). Retrieved from https://www. ptv.vic.gov.au/timetables/diva/10019751/ Victorian Government. (2018). Planning Maps Online. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Victorian Places. (2015). Clayton and Clayton North. Retrieved from Victorian Places: http://www.victorianplaces.com.au/clayton-and-clayton-north World Health Organisation. (2018) . Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity

and Health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_ adults/en/ 2016 Census QuickStats: Clayton. (2018). Retrieved from http://quickstats. censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/ SSC20566

Daley, J., & Coates, B. (2018). Housing Affordability - Reimagining the Australian Dream. Grattan Institute, 4.

Traill, A. (2017). Social Planning.

Lecture, University of Melbourne, JH

Mitchell Theatre.

2016 Census QuickStats Clayton (2018) retrieved from http://quickstats. censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/ SSC20566

Victorian State Government.

(2017). Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 Metropolitan Planning Strategy (p.8).

Melbourne: Victorian State Government.

2016 Census QuickStats Greater Melbourne (2018) retrieved from http:// quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/ quickstat/2GMEL?opendocument

World Heath Organisation (2016) Urban Green spaces and health, a review of evidence. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0005/321971/Urban-green-spaces-and-health-review-evidence.pdf?ua=1

2016 Census QuickStats Monash (2018) retrieved from http://quickstats. censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/ LGA24970

Welcome - nearmap. (2018). Retrieved from http://maps.au.nearmap.com

ISSUES + OPPORTUNITIES

Workers residence by industry | City of Monash | economy.id. (2018).

Retrieved from https://economy.id.com.au/monash/workers-place-of-residence-industry?

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Parkville Statistics. Retrieved from Australian Bureau of Statistics: http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC22026

World Heath Organisation (2016) Urban Green spaces and health, a review of evidence. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0005/321971/Urban-green-spaces-and-health-review-evidence.pdf?ua=1

Bike rider safety : VicRoads. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.vicroads.vic. gov.au/safety-and-road-rules/cyclist-safety/bike-rider-safety

PROPOSALS + IMPLEMENTATION

Bike rider safety : VicRoads. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.vicroads.vic. gov.au/safety-and-road-rules/cyclist-safety/bike-rider-safety City of Monash (2016) Street Tree Strategy 2016. Retrieved from https://www.monash.vic. gov.au/files/assets/public/about-us/council/publications/monash-street-treestrategy-2016.pdf

Freeman & Tranter, (2011) = Ryan, S., & Rae, B. (2014). Children and Their Urban Environment: Changing Worlds Claire Freeman and Paul Tranter ( 2011 ).

Kryiask, N. (2018). Where do the Children Play? Designing Child-Friendly Compact Cities. Planning News, 44(7), 10-11.

City of Monash, Residents place of work (2018) retrieved from https://profile. id.com.au/monash/residents?WebID=120

Moreland City Council. (2018). Draft Moreland Integrated Transport Strategy.

Melbourne: Moreland City Council.

City of Monash (2016) Street Tree Strategy 2016. Retrieved from https:// www.monash.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/about-us/council/publications/ monash-street-tree-strategy-2016.pdf

Nightingale Housing. (2018). Retrieved from http://nightingalehousing.org/

City of Monash, Residents place of work (2018) retrieved from https://profile. id.com.au/monash/residents?WebID=120 Clayton, Number of cars per household (2018) retrieved from https://profile. id.com.au/monash/car-ownership?WebID=120 Clayton (2017) retrieved from https://profile.id.com.au/monash/about?WebID=120

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NSW Government. (2017). Greener Places Discussion Paper. NSW: NSW Government.

Tivendale, K. (2018). Housing Affordability. Planning News, 14(9), 12-13.

Victorian State Government. (2017). Plan Melbourne Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian State Government.

CONCLUSION + REFERENCES

References

CLAYTON

Healthy Precinct 68