Diseño de beneficios del Maqui

Maqui Berry Powder: Food and foodstuff applications

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The company has its origins in 2004, based on entrepreneurship and Innovation, nowadays it is a revolutionary Super-Food Natural Process business Unit, belonging to one of the main Chilean Agro Industrial growing Companies (San Jose Farms).

In Vilkun our people make the company what it is today. From the south of Chile, we combine origin and vanguard with the latest technology that makes us ambassadors of the best South America native berries (Maqui berry, Elderberry, Murta berry), while also providing traditional Berries & Cherries both Organics and Conventionals.

Our facility is one of the most advanced in the Southern hemisphere for the production processes of apple juice infused Organic berries and dehydrated berries and Quick freeze-dried, with state-of-the-art technology, which allows us to offer superior quality products.

Innovations

Sustainability

We work to find modern solutions to agricultural work, always looking for the

We are committed to promoting the efficient use and saving of resources and

latest trends to connect and simplify operations. We look for efficiency; we

energy. We have strict controls and focus on the minimization of pollutants and

want the best fruit without anything being lost or damaged and we are

emissions of greenhouse gases released into the environment. We comply with

always looking for new ways to achieve that goal. Our developments are

the requirements and applicable laws, to continuously improve the use and Vilkun

open source and at the service of all, understanding the collaborative role we

and 15 other companies are working with Chilealimentos and the Chilean Agency

must play to be a pillar of development of global agricultural technology.

for Sustainability and Climate Change on an APL agreement.

Our Certifications We comply with all requirements that a state of the art company has, having the main certifications of the agricultural industry in its different areas of development: BRC AA, SMETA, Organic USDA, Organic Europe, KOSHER, HALAL, NON-GMO, VEGAN, GLUTEN FREE.

Maqui berry powder

Maqui berry Maqui berry is one of the berries with the highest content of phenolic compounds, compared to strawberry, blueberry, blackberry and pomegranate, which is directly related to its high antioxidant capacity.

Maquiberries have shown a good nutrient profile. They have also been a good source for several nutrients, supplying 169% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for iron, 120% of the RDI for vitamin E (a-tocopherol) and 1,529% of the RDI for vitamin B6; additionally, the plant exhibits low sodium levels[

Fig. 1: Maqui berry - superior source of potent polyphenols.

Source of antioxidant components Maqui berry is an excellent source of anthocyanins such as delphinidin and cyanidin, like delphinidin 3-sambubioside and delphinidin 3,5.diglucoside the most abundant. The presence of Ellagic Acid and Gallic Acid has añso been detected as the main free phenolic compounds[18]. Phenolic compounds account for most of the antioxidant activity of foods. Among these, anthocyanins have been particularly linked with a wide range of health benefits. These compounds are thought to promote health by preventing oxidative stress, which has been experimentally shown to be a key step in the initiation or progression of certain diseases.

Also, the antioxidant capacity has been measured using freeze drying methods, by DPPH and ORAC assay. The analyses registered 215 !mol TE g-1 d.m. and 789 !mol TE g-1 d.m.,

respectively[18], being the method that showed the highest results.

Fig. 2: Total anthocyanin content in selected fruits[19].

Maqui health benefits

1 2 3 4

Antidiabetic properties Anti-inflammatory Antioxidants and cardioprotective Limits the adipogenesis

5

Inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation

6

Alzheimer prevention

7

Antibacterial

Scientific claims Diabetes and glucose control Sport performance and nutrition Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Obesity and inflammation Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and Colitis

1

Diabetes and glucose control Recommended use: High sugar beverages, products with high glycemic index and nutraceuticals.

Recommended format: Maqui berry extract and lyophilized maqui berry.

Fruit beverages/juices, which are rich in bioactive compounds with demonstrated health benefits, could therefore contribute to preventing the incidence and severity of sugar consumption associated pathologies.

Excessive post-prandial glucose heights, provoked by an overabundance of dietary energy, impair the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and hence constitute a critical risk factor for developing diabetes and with it also cardiovascular diseases[6,7,8,9]. Fruit beverages/juices, which are rich in bioactive compounds with demonstrated health benefits, could therefore contribute to preventing the incidence and severity of sugar consumption associated pathologies. It has been demonstrated that in obece mice a dietary intervention with a regular dose of an anthocyanidin-enriched berry (freeze dried maqui) can improve partially the insulin sensitivity [5].

A clinical study of 28 volunteers, showed higher bioavailability for most metabolites of the (poly)phenols (caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, eriodictyol, naringenin, trans-ferulic acid, and vanillic acid, except homoeriodictyol) after the maqui berry beverage intake[12]. The hypoglycemic activity of maqui has been linked to delphinidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside, which has been pointed out as the molecule responsible for this effect in vivo[7].

Maqui powder

Example from United States

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Maqui powder

Example from United States

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Maqui powder

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Ice Cream Example from United States

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Example from Australia

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Example from India

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Cookies Example from Chile

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Bakery flour Example from Chile

Snaks/Energy bar Example from Chile

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Beverages Example from Chile

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Example from UK

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Example from EEUU

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Beverages Not identifiqued

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Example from Chile

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Example from Chile

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Other potential applications: Snacks Example from EEUU

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Example from EEUU

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Other potential applications: Snacks Example from EEUU

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Example from EEUU

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Other potential applications: Snacks Example from EEUU

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Example from EEUU

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Other potential applications: Snacks Example from EEUU

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Example from EEUU

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Other potential applications: Honey Example from EEUU

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Maqui powder Food Applications Maqui bowl

Maqui smoothie

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Maqui powder Food Applications Maqui ice cream

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Maqui ice cream and chocolate (gourmet food)

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Maqui powder Food Applications Bakery

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2

Sport performance and nutrition Recommended use: Functional food and sport nutrition products.

Recommended format: Maqui berry extract and lyophilized maqui berry.

A group of polyphenols that has the greatest bioavailability is delphinidins, and they appear to be the only type of polyphenol that can be absorbed intact by the body. A rich source of delphinidins is Maqui berry grown in the Patagonia region of Chile has the highest known concentration. The most studied flavonoid polyphenol for increasing blood flow are those from cocoa. Thus, combinations of Maqui and cocoa polyphenol extracts may provide the greatest potential for maximum impact on sports performance.

Also, polyphenols activate gene transcription factors (Nrf2), known to increase the expression of antioxidative enzymes. This is important for reducing delayed onset muscle soreness and the associated increased recovery times. This takes time, and that is why increased recovery times are needed with higher intensity workouts[20].

Maqui powder Example from EEUU

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Maqui pree Example from EEUU

Beverages

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Other potential applications: sport nutrition Example from EEUU

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3

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Recommended use: Nutraceuticals, superfood, added to milk, chocolates and different processed formats of high-fat food and light products.

Recommended format: Lyophilized maqui berry.

The liver is one of the first organs affected by accumulated ectopic lipids, where increased de novo lipogenesis and excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver are hallmarks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and are strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.

Maqui supplementation decreased hepatic steatosis and the triglyceride accumulation caused by a high-fat diet and is suggested that maqui supplementation regulates lipid handling in liver to counteract the metabolic impact of a high-fat diet[4,5].

* Defined as storage of triglyceride in tissues other than adipose tissue, that normally contain only small amounts of fat, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and pancreas

Other potential applications: sport nutrition Example from EEUU

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Other potential applications: low fat products Example from EEUU

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4

Obesity and inflammation Recommended use: Functional food and nutraceuticals.

Recommended format: Maqui powder.

Obesity is characterized by an increase in the infiltration of monocytes into the adipose tissue, causing an inflammatory condition and oxidative stress associated with the development of insulin resistance and other several illnesses[10].

Nevertheless maqui berry are a sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

In vitro study have shown that Maqui extract inhibits the inflammation linked to the pathogenic interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, where the gene expression of iNOS and TNF-! was inhibited[11].

Functional food Example from Mexico

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5

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and Colitis Recommended use: Maqui berry extract can be added to products which scope is to maintain gut wellness and an active immune system.

Recommended format: Maqui powder.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic idiopathic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that mainly include two types: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). A variety of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, oxidative stress (OS), disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and transmural inflammation can be seen in this illness. It can affect any portion of the digestive tract, although it commonly affects the ileum and the colon, and is marked by periods of exacerbation and remission, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and a generally poor quality of life.

In vitro studies have shown that polyphenolic maqui extract could be used as a preventive and curative treatment in Crohn’s disease by reducing transmural inflammation and boosting the recovery of the mucosal architecture and its muco!secretory function.

Additionally, it promotes macrophage polarization and down!regulating significantly the expression of inflammatory proteins COX!2 and iNOS[13].

Another study have described the therapeutic effect of freeze dried maqui berry water on inflammatory bowel disease by reducing the expression of COX2 and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inflammatory bowel disease index, MDA, NO, i-NOS, and COX2 in colon tissues, MPO, TNF-!, and IL-1" in blood serums were remarkably decreased in the treatment group than in the model group. Also, Intestinal histopathological damage was significantly alleviated in the treatment group[14].

Other potential applications: Probiotics Example from EEUU

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Pet Nutrition

Pet nutrition: Antioxidants Example from EEUU

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Pet nutrition: other potential applications Example from EEUU

Example from Australia

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References

[1] Masoodi, H., Villaño, D., & Zafrilla, P. (2019). A comprehensive review on fruit Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui) for modern health: towards a better understanding. Food & function, 10(6), 3057-3067.

[2] Céspedes-Acuña, C. L., Xiao, J., Wei, Z. J., Chen, L., Bastias, J. M., Avila, J. G., ... & Kubo, I. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Maqui berry Aristotelia chilensis in human colon cancer cells. Journal of Berry Research, 8(4), 275-296.

[3] Cespedes, C. L., Pavon, N., Dominguez, M., Alarcon, J., Balbontin, C., Kubo, I., ... & Avila, J. G. (2017). The chilean superfruit black-berry Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), Maqui as mediator in inflammation-associated disorders. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 108, 438-450.

[4] Sandoval, V., Sanz-Lamora, H., Marrero, P. F., Relat, J., & Haro, D. (2021). Lyophilized Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) Berry Administration Suppresses High-Fat Diet-Induced Liver Lipogenesis through the Induction of the Nuclear Corepressor SMILE. Antioxidants, 10(5), 637.

[5] Sandoval, V., Femenias, A., Martínez-Garza, Ú., Sanz-Lamora, H., Castagnini, J. M., Quifer-Rada, P., ... & Relat, J. (2019). Lyophilized maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) berry induces browning in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue and ameliorates the insulin resistance in high fat dietinduced obese mice. Antioxidants, 8(9), 360.

[6] Coe and Ryan, Journal of Nutritional Science (2016), vol. 5, e24 [7] Lang, S. Beneficial impact of maqui berry extract on chronic disease related risk factors provoked by imbalanced lifestyle.

[8] Kim, Y., Keogh, J. B., & Clifton, P. M. (2016). Polyphenols and glycemic control. Nutrients, 8(1), 17.

[9] Nyambe-Silavwe, H., & Williamson, G. (2016). Polyphenol-and fibre-rich dried fruits with green tea attenuate starch-derived postprandial blood glucose and insulin: a randomised, controlled, single-blind, cross-over intervention. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(3), 443-450.

[10] Garcia-Diaz, D. F., Jimenez, P., Reyes-Farias, M., Soto-Covasich, J., & Costa, A. G. V. (2019). A Review of the Potential of Chilean Native Berries in the Treatment of Obesity and its Related Features. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 74(3), 277-286.

[11] Reyes-Farias M, Vasquez K, Ovalle-Marin A, Fuentes F, Parra C, Quitral V, Jimenez P, Garcia-Diaz DF (2015) Chilean native fruit extracts inhibit inflammation linked to the pathogenic interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. J Med Food 18(5):601–608.

[12] Agulló, V., García-Viguera, C., & Domínguez-Perles, R. (2021). Beverages Based on Second Quality Citrus Fruits and Maqui Berry, a Source of Bioactive (Poly) phenols: Sorting Out Urine Metabolites upon a Longitudinal Study. Nutrients, 13(2), 312.

[13] Ortiz, T., Argu!elles-Arias, F., Illanes, M., García-Montes, J. M., Talero, E., Macías-García, L., ... & De-Miguel, M. (2020). Polyphenolic Maqui Extract as a Potential Nutraceutical to Treat TNBS-Induced Crohn’s Disease by the Regulation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways.

Nutrients, 12(6), 1752.

[14] Zhou, G., Chen, L., Sun, Q., Mo, Q. G., Sun, W. C., & Wang, Y. W. (2019). Maqui berry exhibited therapeutic effects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Food & function, 10(10), 6655-6665.

[15] Moon, H. D., & Kim, B. H. (2020). Inhibitory effects of Aristotelia chilensis water extract on 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene induced atopic-like dermatitis in BALB/c Mice. Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology, 38(3), 190-199.

[16] Schreckinger M, Lila MA, Yousef G, de Mejia E (2012). Inhibition of "-Glucosidase and "-Amylase by Vaccinium floribundum and Aristotelia

chilensis Proanthocyanidins. In: Hispanic Foods: Chemistry and Bioactive Compounds, 71–82. doi:10.1021/bk-2012-1109.ch006 [17] FDA (2019) Nutrition Facts Labeling Requirements [online] Available

at:https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/La belingNutrition/UCM513817.pdf [18] Quispe-Fuentes, I., Vega-Gálvez, A., & Aranda, M. (2018). Evaluation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis ) berries and their relationships to drying methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(11), 4168–4176. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8938 [19] Fredes C, Montenegro G, Zoffoli JP, Santander F, Robert P (2014). Comparison of the total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of polyphenol-rich fruits grown in Chile. Ciencia e investigación agraria. 41. 49-60. doi:10.4067/s0718-16202014000100005 [20] D’Angelo, S. (2020). Polyphenols: Potential beneficial effects of these phytochemicals in athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 19(7), 260-265.

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